Apparatus for coating carrier substrates with powdered materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus (100; 100) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdered material (004). * ) and at least one first application mechanism (101; 101') comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103'), the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103; 103') forming a first roller nip (104; 104') serving for film formation in a nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which a powdery material (004) can be conveyed, during which a first dry film (003) is formed, the first application mechanism (101; 101') and an opposing and a roller (103'; 106) effective as an impression roller (103'; 106), which together with the second roller (103) or with a further roller downstream following the second roller (103) in the direction of material flow forms a second nip (107) through which a carrier substrate (106) to be coated can be guided and on which the dry film (106) formed in the first nip (104; 104') can be provided. * The rollers (102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106) serving as the first, second and counter pressure rollers (103'; 106) are supported on both sides respectively on the frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of three different subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3), the subframe (131.1) supporting the second roller (103) being arranged immovably relative to the frame or the space. The device (100; 100') is mounted on the first roller (102; 102') and the counter pressure roller (103'; 106) and the subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) are supported so that their positions can be changed relative to the subframe (128.1) of the second roller (103) in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis (R103) of the second roller (103), which is fixed relative to the frame or space. * ) regarding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a powdery material, particularly a dry coating, as claimed in claim 1.

[0002] In International Publication No. WO 2020 / 150254, a film is formed by calendering a powder mixture, wound up onto a roll and fed to a subsequent process, in which it may be laminated onto a collector. In one configuration, the powder mixture is discharged onto a strip which is guided within the nip between two rollers.

[0003] According to the specification of Korean Registered Patent No. 102359521, an apparatus for dry-coating a current collector web with an active material layer is disclosed. For the web surface, one first and second roller are provided, and an active material layer is formed between the first and second rollers. Each active material layer is adhered to the current collector web at the nip location between both second rollers. First and second devices for adjusting the roller spacing are provided, by which the spacing between the first and second rollers can be adjusted respectively. The first and second devices comprise mechanical cylinders driven by servo motors. Further, a third device for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers is provided. It is claimed that thereby the thickness of the electrode can be easily controlled via the gap width. In one configuration, further, an air cylinder may be provided between the second rollers for maintaining a constant spacing.

[0004] German Patent Application Publication No. 102008009341 relates to the grinding, mixing, dispersion, homogenization, or similar processes of a liquid or paste-like material in a roller row comprising a plurality of rollers each supported by bearing housings on both end faces, wherein the material is continuously conveyed from a first roller to a final removal roller, where it is removed by a scraper. Two of the three outer rollers are variable in their spacing or contact with the intermediate rollers via the rotation of the bearing housings. The bearing housing on the end face side of at least one of the rollers is formed to be independently adjustable laterally with respect to the roller axis by each eccentric bearing, so that it can be adjusted to a position intersecting another roller by the opposite displacement of the eccentrics.

[0005] The fundamental problem of this invention is to provide an apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a powdered material, particularly for dry coating.

[0006] This problem is solved by the features of claim 1 according to the present invention.

[0007] The advantage that can be obtained by the present invention is, in particular, that the apparatus can reliably produce coated carrier substrates with an active material layer that is as uniform as possible and has a specified amount.

[0008] In a configuration particularly suited to the present invention for such an apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a powdered material, especially dry coating, the apparatus comprises at least one first adhesion mechanism comprising a first roller and a second roller, the first and second rollers forming a first gap in a nip between their circumferential surfaces that works for film formation, through which powdered material can be transported, thereby forming a first dry film; and a roller effective as a counter-pressure roller, forming a second gap together with the second roller of the first adhesion mechanism or together with further rollers indirectly or directly following the second roller downstream in the direction of material flow, through which the carrier substrate to be coated can be guided, and the carrier substrate can be provided with a dry film formed in the first gap and transported into the second gap, especially via the second roller and optionally further rollers.

[0009] According to the present invention, the first and second rollers, which are effective as opposing pressure rollers, are each supported on the frame walls of three different subframes on both sides, the subframe supporting the second roller is fixedly positioned relative to the frame or space, and the subframes supporting the first roller and the opposing pressure roller are each supported in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second roller, relative to the subframe fixedly positioned relative to the frame or space, and particularly preferably along a linear adjustment direction or adjustment movement. Moreover, the spacing between the rotation axes of the first roller and the rotation axis of the second roller, and the spacing between the rotation axis of the opposing pressure roller and the rotation axis of the second roller or a further roller following the second roller downstream, are variable, and / or the effective pressing force in the first gap between the circumferential surfaces of the first and second rollers, and the effective pressing force in the second gap between the opposing pressure roller and the second roller or a further roller following the second roller downstream, are each variable.

[0010] The multiple component configuration of the frame and the contact through the movement of the frame allow for, for example, the provision of multiple adjustment devices on a larger and / or side of the frame, compared to simply adjusting individual bearings, because the action does not occur in the bearing itself. For example, if the point of action is conveniently located within the support or frame plane, the deflection of the pin caused by the force can be minimized.

[0011] In a particularly advantageous improved form, the first or second roller is supported within the device so as to be rotatable about an actual or virtual pivot axis, the pivot axis extending perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotatable roller, so that the first and second rollers can be tilted relative to each other with respect to the relative extension of their rotation axes, and the relative tilt between them is variable.

[0012] In a tilted or swivelable configuration of rollers, the rotational axes extending at an angle to each other are preferably located in two planes parallel to each other, and / or a swivelable support means is provided and / or configured such that the swivel motion of the rotational axes occurs in a plane extending perpendicular to the adjustment direction for adjusting the spacing and / or contact force between the first or second rollers and / or perpendicular to the swivel axis, without the plane being moved in the direction of the swivel axis and / or without the swivel axis being changed with respect to its position in space.

[0013] In a particularly advantageous configuration involving a frame composed of multiple parts and the rotation of the partial frame, the intersection of the roller axes can be achieved without additional shear forces acting on the end-face bearings, or even without the risk of bearing damage due to the inclined position.

[0014] In a particularly advantageous embodiment for adjusting rollers or subframes, one or more adjustment devices with drive means are provided between two or each pair of adjacent subframes, each acting and formed at its working end on the subframes such that the adjustment device can introduce a tensile force between adjacent subframes that causes relative motion between the subframes and / or abutting force between the rollers. That is, there is no pressing of one roller frame or bearing from the outer fixed bearing toward another roller, and a tensile force directed toward each adjacent frame is provided toward both adjacent frames, causing both adjacent frames to move or be pulled toward each other, at least for abutting. This ensures that the force acts precisely between the two rollers and not through one of the rollers and potentially on any further adjacent rollers.

[0015] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the adjustment mechanism, one adjustment device acts on two or each of two adjacent subframes that are variable in distance from each other and / or in contact force with each other, with two working ends that are variable in distance from each other, and particularly a virtual same plane extending perpendicular to the rotation axis of at least one roller of the rollers supported by the two adjacent subframes intersects in the region of the working ends with at least one working surface formed by the respective subframes in question and the respective effective support widths in the axial direction of the rollers supported by both subframes.

[0016] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the coating apparatus, a dry film can be produced on both sides of the carrier substrate. In such an advantageous embodiment of the coating apparatus, an adhesion mechanism is provided on both sides of the substrate path, each equipped with a laminating roller, and this adhesion mechanism forms an adhesion or laminating gap on both sides within the nip between the circumferential surfaces of the laminating rollers. In this case, both laminating rollers that form the gap between them are effective as opposing pressure rollers. This makes it possible to provide a dry film formed in each adhesion mechanism on both sides of the carrier substrate guided through the laminating rollers.

[0017] Embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings and will be described in detail below. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the product to be manufactured. [Figure 2] This is a diagram illustrating the principle for forming and applying a dry film. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of a machine for producing a multilayer product having a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by an deposition step according to the configuration of the first group of examples. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the plate to be attached to the first configuration shown. [Figure 5] This figure shows alternative configurations for the embodiments of the first group. [Figure 6] This figure shows further alternative configurations of the embodiments in the first group. [Figure 7] This figure shows further alternative configurations of the embodiments in the first group. [Figure 8] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram illustrating a further configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 10]This figure shows an example of a machine for producing a multilayer product having a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate, using the deposition steps configured according to the second group of examples. [Figure 11] This is an enlarged view of the attachment step shown in Figure 10, with a coupling of two rollers in the first configuration. [Figure 12] This is an enlarged view of the attachment step shown in Figure 10, which includes a coupling of two rollers in the second configuration. [Figure 13] This is a view of the removal device from a diagonal angle below. [Figure 14] This is a perspective view of the product category with a slight lateral primer overflow. [Figure 15] This figure shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product having a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate, with a deposition step configured according to the second group of embodiments. [Figure 16] This figure shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product having a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate, with a deposition step configured according to the second group of embodiments. [Figure 17] This is a perspective view of an embodiment of an attachment mechanism, particularly a double attachment mechanism, which has a frame consisting of multiple parts. [Figure 18] Figure 17 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an adhesion mechanism, particularly a double adhesion mechanism, which has a frame consisting of multiple parts. [Figure 19] This is a cross-sectional view of a partial frame structure, which consists of multiple parts. [Figure 20] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support area of ​​the partial frame. [Figure 21] This is a cross-sectional view of a partial frame equipped with contact means for restricting contact motion. [Figure 22] This is a schematic diagram of two rollers with rotation axes that are tilted relative to each other. [Figure 23] This is a front view of a partial frame equipped with a support mechanism that allows for rotation.

[0019] The apparatus or machine described below relates in particular to the manufacture of electrode units 001 of electrochemical energy storage devices used in batteries or storage batteries, such as lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or especially lithium-ion batteries, as well as in solid-state batteries.

[0020] Products 001;002 manufactured by the machine described later can be formed, for example, by an uncut intermediate product 002, such as a web-like intermediate product 002, such as a product continuum 002 formed as an electrode continuum 002, or by a sheet-like final product 001, such as an electrode unit 001, or simply an electrode 001, which has already been cut in the machine.

[0021] Thus, for the production of such products 001;002, which comprises a material layer 003;003', particularly an active material layer 003;003', preferably a dry film 003;003', applied on one or both sides on a carrier substrate 006, preferably on a carrier substrate web 006, for example on a current collector substrate 006 formed by a current collector sheet 006, an apparatus 100;100 for coating a carrier substrate 006, particularly a web-shaped one, having the above material layer 003;003', preferably a dry film 003;003', particularly a powder composite film 003. * , abbreviated as coating apparatus 100;100 *Apparatus for dry coating is provided, which comprises at least one first adhesion mechanism 101, which can first process a powdery, preferably dry, material 004;004', in particular preferably a solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004;004', into a dry film 003, which can then be applied to a first surface of a carrier substrate 006, which can then be applied, in particular by pressing it against it and / or by applying a pressing force. The dry film 003;003' to be applied preferably has a thickness of, for example, 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm, after adhesion and pressing.

[0022] The above-mentioned powder mixtures 004;004', particularly existing as dry powders, include, for example, more than 90% by weight of an active material such as one or more lithium compounds from lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate; several weight percent, for example 3% by weight of a conductive additive such as graphite or so-called CNTs, i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes; and several weight percent, for example 2% by weight of a plastic effective as a binder in a subsequent powder composite, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0023] The carrier substrate 006 is, for example, the current collector layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed of a conductive material, such as a metal, which is formed in the form of a sheet, fleece, or fabric. The carrier substrate 006 is formed of aluminum or copper and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm, especially when manufacturing an electrode unit 001 for a lithium-ion battery or storage battery. In the case of manufacturing an anode, it is made of copper and has a thickness d006 in the range of, for example, 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of manufacturing a cathode, it is made of aluminum and has a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0024] In a preferred configuration, the carrier substrate 006 has a surface coating of a bonding promoter or bonding agent 007;007', such as a binder 007;007', a primer 007;007', or an adhesive 007;007', in a surface area coated with at least a dry film 003;003'. Such agents 007;007' may be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive binder or primer, and may, for example, contain a thermoplastic component and / or have a thickness d007 of only a few μm, for example, at most 5 μm, and in particular at most 3 μm.

[0025] The thickness d003;d003' of the active material layer 003;003' of product 001;002, i.e., electrode unit 001 or electrode continuum 002, is, for example, at most 240 μm, particularly at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm, and / or, for example, at least 20 μm, particularly at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0026] For example, the total thickness of products 001;002 coated on both sides may reach, for example, a maximum of 500 μm, particularly a maximum of 320 μm, preferably a maximum of 220 μm, and / or at least 50 μm, particularly at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm, after the dry film 003,003' has been applied or coated to the carrier substrate 006 in an in-line or subsequent calendering process in a further machine. In this case, the density of the applied material 004,004 is, for example, 3000 kg / m³. 3 Larger, preferably at least 3500 kg / m 3 Therefore, for pure coating purposes, that is, to leave the machine without subsequent calendering, the intermediate product 002, also called the precursor product, may have a lower density in some cases, but for example, it should be at least 2000 kg / m³. 3 Preferably at least 2500 kg / m 2 , especially at least 2900 kg / m 3 When only one side is coated, the total thickness of the finished product 001;002, which may be further compressed by at least one calendering process, can reach, for example, up to 255 μm, particularly up to 165 μm, preferably up to 65 μm, and / or at least 30 μm, particularly at least 40 μm, preferably at least 50 μm.

[0027] If a sufficiently large force can be utilized during the coating process or simultaneously with the adhesion of the dry films 003, 003', or if such force can be applied in the laminate gap, the above values ​​relating to the total thickness and / or density of the final product 001 or the intermediate product 002, which is cut only in the transverse direction, can also be expressed without subsequent calendering associated with the coating process.

[0028] To ensure an effective manufacturing process, preferably the web-like carrier material 006 is processed into the above-mentioned final or intermediate product having a width b006 of, for example, at least 300 mm, advantageously at least 500 mm, particularly at least 550 mm, even more than 600 mm, and in an advantageous configuration up to 1,200 mm. For example, the carrier substrate 006 is not coated with a dry film 003;003' over its entire width, but is only coated up to the exposed edge regions where the surface of the metal conductive carrier substrate 006 remains exposed and accessible, for example, for coupling with a cable. The width b003 of such a coating may reach, for example, at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm, even more than 300 mm.

[0029] For the production of the dry film 003 described above, the first roller 102 of the first adhesion mechanism 101, in particular the metering roller 102, and the second roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103, are arranged to form a first gap 104, in particular a first film-forming gap 104, within the nip between their circumferential surfaces. Through this gap 104, a powder mixture 004 transported into the nip can be conveyed, for example, by a device 700 for supplying powdered material, abbreviated as a powder supply device 700, in order to form the dry film 003 (see, for example, Figure 2). The width of the inner surface of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the thickness of the dry film 003, which may be even greater than the thickness of the subsequent products 001;002, even before the dry film 003 passes the adhesion point applied to the carrier substrate 006, particularly under pressure.

[0030] The adhesion point is preferably formed here by a nip between a second roller 103, which in this case is effective as a laminating roller 103, and rollers 106;103, which are effective as opposing pressure rollers 106;103', or by a roller effective as a laminating roller and rollers 106;103, which are effective as opposing pressure rollers 106;103', acting in cooperation with the second roller directly or indirectly through one or more further rollers (not shown here). A second roller or further roller effective as a laminating roller 003 and rollers 106;103 effective as opposing pressure rollers 106;103 form a second gap 107, particularly an adhesion gap 107 (hereinafter also referred to as, for example, a laminating gap 107), in the nip between their circumferential surfaces, and the carrier substrate 006 can be guided by the adhesion gap 107. In particular, a dry film 003 can be provided, formed from the side opposite to the opposing pressure rollers 106;103 via a first film forming gap 104, with a thickness of, for example, at least 40 μm, for example, 50 μm to 200 μm, and especially 60 to 120 μm.

[0031] Adhering stage 100;100 * In a preferred configuration, the device includes a second adhesion mechanism 101' (see, for example, Figures 3 to 13), by which the adhesion mechanism 101' can first process a powder mixture 004', which has been transported into the nip by a device 700' for supplying, for example, a powder material, particularly solvent-free and / or dry, into a second dry film 003';003, particularly by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, and subsequently apply this second dry film 003;003' to the other, second surface of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or applying a pressing force. In principle, this may be the same powder mixture 004', or a different powder mixture 004' from the first powder mixture 004'.

[0032] In the second adhesion mechanism 101', preferably, the first roller 102', in particular the metering roller 102' and the second roller 103', in particular the laminating roller 103' are arranged such that they form a first gap 104', in particular a second film-forming gap 104', within the nip between their circumferential surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed for the formation of the second dry film 003'.

[0033] Here too, the second roller 003' of the second adhesion mechanism 101' cooperates directly or indirectly with the second roller 103' directly or via one or more further rollers, and together with the rollers 106;103' that are effective as opposing pressure rollers 106;103', together with a roller effective as a laminating roller (not shown here), a gap 107'; gap 107 can be formed in the nip between their circumferential surfaces, and the carrier substrate 006 can be guided by the gap 107, and in particular, a second dry film 003' formed via the second film forming gap 104' can be provided from the second side opposite to the second opposing pressure rollers 106';103.

[0034] In a first group of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see, for example, Figures 3 to 7), the second gap 107' is formed by a second adhesion gap 107' different from the first adhesion gap or lamination gap 107', for example, a lamination gap 107', and a roller 106' effective as a second, particularly opposing pressure roller 106, and effective as a second opposing pressure roller 106' different from the first opposing pressure roller 106 and / or lamination roller 103 of the first adhesion mechanism 101, thereby enabling the carrier substrate 006 to be guided through the second gap 107', and in particular from the second side opposite to the second opposing pressure roller 106', a second dry film 003' formed through the second film forming gap 104' can be provided. In this configuration, two independent adhesion mechanisms 101;101' are provided for two surfaces of the carrier substrate 106. Therefore, in the lamination gap 107;107', it is possible to adjust different conditions independently for each adhesion. For example, different pressing forces or linear forces and / or temperatures can be adjusted.

[0035] In such a configuration, for example, with respect to large winding, the metering rollers 102;102, the laminating rollers 103;103', and the opposing pressure rollers 106;106' that together form the laminating gaps 107;107' with the latter, may be arranged in each of the attachment mechanisms 101;101' such that, in the first modified configuration, the planes connecting the rotational axes R102;R103;R106;R102';R103' of adjacent rollers 102;103;106;102';103' intersect each other at an angle α of, for example, 40° to 130°, particularly 70° to 110°, preferably 80° to 100°. Larger windings can, in some cases, ensure better heat transfer from temperature-controllable opposing pressure rollers 106;106', and / or improved, for example, chatter-free feeding and unfeeding (see, for example, Figures 3-5).

[0036] For example, each opposing pressure roller 106;106' may be positioned below the laminating roller 103;103' such that the plane connecting the rotational axes R103;R106;R103' of the two rollers 103;103';106;106' is offset from the vertical plane by a maximum of ±30°, and especially by a maximum of ±15°. The pressing force and gravity in the laminating gap act mainly in the same direction.

[0037] In a second configuration modification, for example, one that is advantageous with respect to effective force and load direction, the metering rollers 102;102, the laminating rollers 103;103' and the opposing pressure rollers 106;106' that together form the laminating gap 107;107' with the latter are, for example, in each attachment mechanism 101;101', the adjacent rollers 102;103;106;102';103', respectively, paired together. The planes connecting the rotational axes R102;R103;R106;R102';R103' of 106' intersect at an acute angle α of at most 20°, and especially at 0°, so that the rotational axes R102;R103;R106;R102';103' of the same attachment mechanism 101;101' are arranged relative to each other so that they lie on the same plane. As a result, the arrangement is very robust, as the forces and reactions are directed at least primarily in opposite directions from each other.

[0038] The two attachment mechanisms 101;101', each having a laminating roller 103;103', are located on different sides of the substrate path and may be positioned relative to each other such that, in one embodiment, the two laminating gaps 107;107' are directly above each other (see, for example, Figure 6), or in other embodiments, horizontally, offset particularly by at least half the diameter of the laminating roller and at most 1.5 times the diameter of the laminating roller (see, for example, Figure 7). According to Figure 7, for example, a substrate guide section, which can be adapted to other configurations, is shown exemplarily by a dashed line, thereby enabling a larger winding angle, and consequently better heat transfer and / or more stable feeding. For this purpose, the substrate path is positioned in the conveying direction T when fed to the subsequent rollers 106;106'.S The conveying direction T of the substrate 006 to be carried out S is deflected or is to be deflected by an additional substrate guiding element 121 so as to extend at an inclination of at least 45° with respect thereto.

[0039] The metering rollers 102; 102', the second rollers 103; 103', or the second rollers cooperate directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers and, in addition to the rollers effective as laminating rollers, in an advantageous configuration, further rollers 118; 118' (for example, see示例性 reference for all configurations of the first group in FIG. 5) may be provided, and the further rollers 118; 118' are, during operation, i.e., during the production operation, in the outer peripheral section guiding the dry film 003; 003' between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating rollers 103; 103', can be applied to the dry film 003; 003' supplied or guided onto the laminating rollers 103; 103' in the manner of the calendar rollers 118; 118'.

[0040] With respect to the above configuration, modified configuration and configuration form, in the first arrangement for the roller support means, the laminating rollers 103;103' of each attachment mechanism 101;101' can be fixed in position during operation with respect to their rotation axis R103;R103', even if their position can be adjusted if necessary, and the metering rollers 102;102' and opposing pressure rollers 106;106' may be supported via their respective adjustment drive devices 109;109';111;111' in a direction having at least one movement component toward and / or away from the assigned laminating rollers 103;103'. Hereinafter, the term adjusting drive unit 109;109';111;111' is understood to mean the entire set of means for performing and / or enabling direct or indirect adjustment of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106', which are also hereafter referred to as adjusting means 109;109';111;111', comprising at least one adjusting mechanism 112;112';113;113' for guiding the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' along the adjusting movement, and one or more drive means 132;132';133;133' for bringing the adjustment to fruition.

[0041] In order to adjust each metering roller 102;102' relative to the second roller 103;103', the first configuration provides a position base adjustment drive device 109;109' or adjustment means 109;109' for adjusting the position base, that is, an adjustment drive device 109;109' or adjustment means 109;109' that can be moved to a predetermined position of the component to be adjusted. The position base adjustment drive device 109;109' or position base adjustment means 109;109' is, for example, positionable with respect to a predetermined and / or defined position, or is operable or adjustable with respect to a position in an open-loop control, or even in a closed-loop control with respect to a position.

[0042] Such position-based adjustment drive devices 109;109' can be realized, for example, with a servo drive device or servo motor that is open-loop controllable with respect to position, in such a way that the drive means 132;133, for example, the drive motor, can itself reach a defined and specifyable position, or in such a way that the adjustment stroke is limited at least toward the relevant side by an adjustable contact means 119, for example, an adjustable contact portion 119, via an adjustment means and / or drive means 146, which defines an end position, and a component to be adjusted with respect to position relative to the contact means 119 is adjusted or adjustable by, for example, a force-based or non-position-accurate drive means. In this case, the rollers 102;102' are supported, for example, within or in contact with the adjustment mechanism 112;112';113;113', which is formed by a support mechanism 122;112';113;113' that converts the adjustment stroke, for example, with positional precision. Such an adjustment mechanism 112;112';113;113' is provided, for example, by a bearing 113;113' having an eccentric portion, for example, a triple-race bearing 113;113', particularly advantageous for small adjustment strokes involving large forces. However, instead, linear bearings 112;112' extending in the adjustment direction may also be advantageous, for example, with respect to a position parallel to the adjustment direction, and thus a position more direct to the adjustment stroke.

[0043] To adjust each opposing pressure roller 103';106;106', this first advantageous configuration provides a force-based adjustment drive unit 111;111 or adjustment means 111;111' for force-based adjustment, i.e., an adjustment drive unit 111;111' or adjustment means 111, which can be used to achieve a specified force contact with the thrust bearing. The force-based adjustment drive unit 111;111' or force-based drive means 111;111' is, for example, adjustable with respect to a predetermined and / or specified force, or can be operated or adjusted with respect to force in an open-loop control, or conversely, in a closed-loop control.

[0044] For example, such force-based adjustment drive devices 111;111', particularly those provided on at least one side, can be realized in such a way that the drive means 132, for example, a drive motor 132, can itself apply a specified and configurable force, such as a servo drive device or servo motor that is closed-loop controllable or open-loop controllable with respect to torque, particularly with respect to rotational torque, or that the roller to be adjusted can be pressed against the other roller 103;103' by a cylinder piston system 132;133 operated by a pressure medium-operated drive means, for example pneumatically or hydraulically, with respect to an adjustment force on the relevant surface, the pressure of the drive means 132;133 is preferably adjustable. In this case, the opposing pressure rollers 106;106' are supported, for example, within or in contact with an adjustment mechanism 112;112';113;113', which is formed by a support mechanism 112;112' that converts the adjustment force on a force basis, i.e., without additional mechanical limitations on the adjustment stroke. As such, for example, the support mechanism 112;112' formed as a linear bearing 112;112' may be advantageously formed on at least one side, but preferably on both sides.

[0045] However, in the second configuration, the metering rollers 102;102' can be adjusted on a force basis, and the opposing pressure rollers 106;106 can be adjusted on a position basis, in the opposite way. For this purpose, the above will be adapted and applied in the respective corresponding ways.

[0046] However, in the third configuration, both rollers 102;102';106;106 can be adjusted on a force basis, and in the fourth configuration, both rollers 102;102';106;106 can be adjusted on a position basis. For this purpose, the above will be adapted and applied in the respective corresponding ways.

[0047] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112;113;112';113' and / or a combined adjustment drive unit 109;109';111;111' or a combined adjustment means 109;109';111;111' is provided for adjusting at least the metering rollers 102;102' and / or for adjusting at least the opposing pressure rollers 106;106', which allows for selective adjustment of the rollers 102;102';106;106' on a position-based or force-based basis.

[0048] Such a combined adjustment drive device 109;109';111;111' is formed, for example, by an adjustment drive device 109,111;109',111' or an adjustment means 109,111;109',111' and an adjustment mechanism 112;112';113;113', and a contact portion 119 can be selectively introduced in its adjustment stroke for positional limitations, for example, via the drive means and / or adjustment means. Alternatively, adjustable drive units 109,111;109',111' may also be advantageous, which include motors 132;132';133;133', particularly servo motors, as drive means 132,133;132',133', which are capable of being operated in a closed-loop control manner with respect to position or an open-loop control manner with respect to position or a closed-loop control manner with respect to torque or an open-loop control manner with respect to torque.

[0049] In the second arrangement of roller support means, the opposing pressure rollers 106;106' of each attachment mechanism 101;101' can be fixed in position during operation with their rotation axis R106;R106', even if they are adjustable if applicable, and the laminating rollers 103;103' are directed toward their assigned opposing pressure rollers 106;106' and / or the opposing pressure rollers 102;102' and their respective common support mechanisms 112;112' and / or adjustment drive devices 111;111', respectively. Each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustablely supported in pairs in a direction having at least one component of movement away from 06;106', and in addition, each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustablely supported via a support mechanism 112;112';113;113' and / or an adjustment drive device 109;109';111;111' in a direction having at least one component of movement toward and / or away from the laminating roller 103;103', respectively.

[0050] In the first advantageous configuration, for this purpose, a position-based adjustment drive device 109;109' in the sense described above may be provided to adjust each metering roller 102;102', for example, a support mechanism 112;112';113;113' formed by triple race bearings 113;113' or linear bearings 112;112';113;113' on one or both sides. A force-based adjustment drive device 111;111 in the sense described above may be provided to adjust the laminating rollers 103;103' in pairs with their respective assigned metering rollers 102;102'.

[0051] However, in the second configuration, the metering rollers 102;102' can be adjusted on a force basis, and the roller pair 103,102;103',102 can be adjusted on a position basis. For this purpose, the above will be adapted and applied in their respective corresponding ways.

[0052] However, in the third configuration, the metering rollers 102;102' and roller pairs 103,102;103',102 can be adjusted on a force basis, and in the fourth configuration, the metering rollers 102;102' and roller pairs 103,102;103',102 can be adjusted on a position basis. For this reason, the above will be adapted and applied in the respective corresponding ways.

[0053] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112;113;112,113 is provided for adjusting at least the metering rollers 102;102' and / or for adjusting at least the roller pair 103,102;103',102, which selectively allows for position-based or force-based adjustment of a pair toward the opposing pressure rollers 106;106';103';103.

[0054] Coating apparatus 100 *In a second group of embodiments (see, for example, those shown in Figures 8-12, 15, 16, 17, and 18), the rollers of the second adhesion mechanism 101', which cooperate directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers with the second roller 003' or second roller 103' of the second adhesion mechanism 101', are effective as laminating rollers 103';103', which form a common gap 107 effective as a double laminating gap 107 within the nip between their circumferential surfaces, and the two laminating rollers 103';103' that form the gap 107 between them are effective as opposing pressure rollers 103';103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided between the latter, and in particular, dry films 003', 003' can be provided on both sides through first and second film-forming gaps 104;104', respectively. Such an arrangement of two adhesion mechanisms 101;101' cooperating to adhere simultaneously on both sides will also be referred to below as a double adhesion mechanism 101, 101'.

[0055] The planes formed by the rotational axes R102;R103;R102';R103' of the metering rollers 102;102' and the laminating rollers 103;103' in each of the attachment mechanisms 101;101' intersect at an acute angle α of at most 20°, and more favorably at 5°, and especially at 0°, thereby, in the latter case, the rotational axes R102;R103;R106;R102';103';106' of the rollers 102;103;106;102';103';106' of the two attachment mechanisms 101;101' cooperating in the laminating gap 107 on both sides are coplanar or extend parallel to each other but offset perpendicularly to each other.

[0056] In the first configuration variation, the two planes are either a common horizontal plane or extend horizontally, but are offset from each other perpendicularly (see, for example, Figure 8).

[0057] In a second configuration variation, which is advantageous, for example, in terms of small winding, the two planes extend as a common plane inclined with respect to the horizontal plane, or as two planes inclined with respect to the horizontal plane but offset perpendicularly to each other. In this case, the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined with respect to the horizontal plane by an acute angle β of, for example, 2° to 15°, especially 3° to 10° (see, for example, Figure 9).

[0058] In addition to each of the metering rollers 102;102' and the second rollers 103;103', in an advantageous improved configuration, further rollers 118;118' may be provided in the same manner as the calendaring rollers 118;118' (see, for example, the dashed lines in Figures 8 and 9 illustrating all the configurations of the second group).

[0059] Regarding the above modified configurations and configurations, in the first arrangement of the roller support means, the first laminating roller of the two laminating rollers 103, or the further roller of the first attachment mechanism of the two attachment mechanisms 101 effective as laminating rollers, can be fixed in position during operation with respect to its rotation axis R103, even if it is adjustable in some cases, while the second laminating roller of the laminating rollers 103', or the further roller effective as the second laminating roller, is supported by the assigned metering rollers 102;102' and a common support mechanism 112;112' and / or a common adjustment drive device 109;109'; The rollers 102;102' may be adjustablely supported in pairs via 111;111' in a direction having at least one component of movement toward and / or toward the assigned opposing pressure rollers 106;106', and in addition, each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustablely supported via support mechanisms 112;112';113;113' and / or adjustment drive devices 109;109';111;111' in a direction having at least one component of movement toward and / or toward the assigned laminating rollers 103;103' or further rollers. For example, if there is one or more additional rollers between the metering rollers 102;102' and the rollers effective as laminating rollers, these can also be adjusted together via a common support mechanism 112;112' and / or a common adjustment drive device 109;109';111;111' in a direction having at least one moving component toward and / or toward the assigned opposing pressure rollers 106;106'.

[0060] To adjust each metering roller 102;102', in the first advantageous configuration, position-based adjustment drive devices 109;109' are provided in the sense and / or in the above configuration. To adjust the second laminating roller 103' in conjunction with the assigned metering roller 102', force-based adjustment drive devices 111;111 are provided for adjusting the force base in the sense and / or in the above configuration.

[0061] However, in the second configuration, the metering rollers 102;102' can be adjusted on a force basis, and the roller pair 103,102;103',102 can be adjusted on a position basis. Here again, the above will be adapted and applied in their respective corresponding ways.

[0062] However, in the third configuration, the two rollers 102;102';106;106 can be adjusted on a force basis, and in the fourth configuration, the two rollers 102;102';106;106 can be adjusted on a position basis. For this reason, the above will be adapted and applied in the respective corresponding ways.

[0063] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112;113;112;113' is provided for adjusting at least the metering rollers 102;102' and / or for adjusting at least the roller pair 103,102;103',102, the adjustment mechanism 112;113;112;113' selectively enables position base adjustment via position base adjustment drive devices 109;109' and force base adjustment via force base adjustment drive devices 111;111' for a pair of laminating rollers 103 that are effective as opposing pressure rollers 103';103.

[0064] For example, in an advantageous sixth configuration, which will be described in more detail below in relation to Figures 17 and 18, position-based adjustment drives 109;109' in the sense and / or in the above configuration are provided for adjusting the first gap 104;104' of each metering roller 102;102', and force-based adjustment drives 111;111 for adjusting the force-based in the sense and / or in order to adjust the second gap 107 or the opposing pressure roller 103', and the two metering rollers 102;102' and the opposing pressure roller 103;103' to be adjusted are each adjustable individually, i.e., without being coupled in pairs. In a particularly advantageous improved form of this configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112;113;112';113' in the sense and / or in the above configuration is provided at least for adjusting the metering rollers 102;102' and / or for adjusting the second gap 107 or the opposing pressure roller 103'.

[0065] For all configurations of two groups having commonly adjustable rollers 103';102';103;102, these may be supported on both sides by carriers 122';122, particularly on the lateral portion of the lower frame, and these carriers 122';122 themselves are supported via a support mechanism 112';112;113';113 formed by linear bearings 112';112;113';113 in the frame housing the attachment mechanism 101;101'.

[0066] However, instead, two commonly adjustable rollers 102;103;102;102' may be supported on both sides of the carrier, particularly on the lateral portion of the lower frame, and these carriers 122';122 themselves may be pivotably supported about a pivot axis parallel to the rotation axis of the first laminating rollers 103;103' which are supported in a fixed position (see, for example, Figure 12).

[0067] As already stated, in each adhesion mechanism 101;101', at least one additional roller may be provided between the second roller 103;103' and the nip point with respect to the opposing pressure roller 106;103', which is effective as a laminating roller and forms a laminating gap 107;107' with the opposing pressure roller 106;103'.

[0068] In all embodiments of the two groups of embodiments, particularly advantageous improved forms, each adhesion mechanism 101;101' is provided with a removal device 114;114', especially a cleaning doctor 114;114', which can be selectively applied to and removed from the circumferential surface of the first roller 102;102' for cleaning purposes, for example, provided in the material removal section 127;127'. This extends, for example, to at least the width of the roller circumferential surface effective for film formation.

[0069] Instead, or advantageously in addition, the material removal section 127;127' in each adhering mechanism 101;101' comprises two removal devices 116;116', particularly side edge doctors 116;116', which are attached to or can be attached to the second roller 103;103', spaced apart from each other and adjustable parallel to the axis of the second roller 103;103', thereby removing the dry film 003;003' conveyed on the second roller 103;103' in the area of ​​its side edges and feeding it to, for example, a collection device 117;117'. This removal functions, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain a straight edge and / or a desired width b003;b003' of the dry film 003;003'. The collected material can be returned, for example, to the supply of the powder mixture 004;004'. Such removal devices 116;116' can also be used, for example, to remove edge strips 008;008' used when determining the density of the material layer 003;003'.

[0070] For cleaning purposes, advantageously, a removal device 129;129', particularly a cleaning doctor 129;129', which can be attached to and removed from the circumferential surface of the second roller 103;103', may also be provided, which extends, for example, to at least the width of the roller circumferential surface effective for film formation, and optionally to a suction or collection device not shown.

[0071] The powder supply device 700;700' is provided to supply or introduce the powder mixture 004;004' into the first gap 004;004, and an injection and / or storage space 126 is formed and / or provided in the gusset region above the gap 104;104', that is, above the gap 194,104' between the circumferential surfaces of the two rollers 102;103;102;103', in a space having a particularly wedge-shaped or triangular cross-section, preferably with a width extending axially along the second roller 103;103'.

[0072] In a particularly advantageous configuration, the adhesion mechanism 101;101' above the first gap 104;104' is provided with two defined sections 124, particularly side shields 124, spaced apart from each other and adjustable in a direction parallel to the axis of the first rollers 102;102', respectively, which seal off the area of ​​the upper gusset formed between the circumferential surfaces of the first and second rollers 102;103;102';103' toward both end faces of the adhesion mechanism 101;101', thereby forming an injection and / or storage space 126 between them for accommodating a powder mixture 004;004', preferably of a variable width. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003;003', the injection and / or storage space 126 can thus change or make variable the position of its side shields 124 on at least one side, preferably both sides. As an alternative to the injection and / or storage space 126 directly demarcated in the lower region by the circumferential surface, an injection and / or storage space 126 in the form of an injection or storage hopper, comparable to the insertion aid described later, can also be provided, in principle, directly inside or on the gusset, provided that it does not conflict with other structural features of the adhesion mechanism 101;101' or the powder supply section 700;700'.

[0073] For all of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the support mechanisms 112;112';113;113' and / or adjustment drive devices 109;109';111;111' of the first rollers 102;102 are preferably adjustable to a variable inner width at the narrowest point of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm during operation, and / or the gap width of the first gaps 104;104' is designed to be adjustable at least via the above-described position-based drive means 132;132' and / or via at least one-sided contact means 119 that restricts the contact position in the direction of the nipple point and whose position is adjustable, i.e., via the above-described, particularly adjustable or positionable contact portion 119.

[0074] Alternatively, or in addition to this, the support mechanisms 112;112';113;113' and / or the adjusting drive devices 109;109';111;111' are designed to adjust and / or apply a linear force, for example, at least 500 N / mm, preferably at least 700 N / mm, and preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, in the first gap 104;104', and more favorably, in the region of its width between the rollers 102;102';102;103' that form the first gap 104;104', that contributes to film formation.

[0075] As described above, a combined adjustment mechanism 112;113;112;113 may be provided, for example in the above configuration and / or in the above sense, to adjust the metering rollers 102;102' relative to the second rollers 103;103', which selectively allows adjustment of the position base via a position base adjustment drive unit 109;109' in one operating mode, and adjustment of the force base via a force base adjustment drive unit 111;111' in a second operating mode, for example.

[0076] For all the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, for example, a coating apparatus 100;100 comprising individual adhesion mechanisms 101;101' each having opposing pressure rollers 106;106, or a combined adhesion mechanism 101;101' having mutually effective opposing pressure rollers 103';103. *Regardless of the above implementation, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the metering gap 104;104' between the first and second rollers 102;102';103;103' is adjustable based on a metering drive device 109;109' of a position base, for example, positionable with respect to a predetermined position, or open-loop controlled with respect to a position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to a position, for example, positionable with respect to a gap width, for example open-loop controlled via a control chain, or for example closed-loop controlled via a control circuit, that is, adjustable to a constant and / or specified gap width;104', for example positionable, open-loop controllable or closed-loop controllable, in which case the adjustment of the position base is directed to a specified constant relative position or gap width 104 of the two rollers 102;103;102';103' at its working position, and / or second The lamination gap 107;107' between the rollers 103;103' and the opposing pressure rollers 106;106';103';103 is adjustable in the sense described above, based on a force-based adjustment drive unit 111;111' which is open-loop controlled with respect to force or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, for example, with respect to the adjustment force, for example via a pressure regulating valve, or for example via a control route equipped with such a pressure regulating valve, or for example via a control route equipped with such a pressure regulating valve, that is, adjustable to a constant and / or specified pressing force or linear force, for example open-loop controllable or closed-loop controllable, in which case the force-based adjustment is directed in particular to a specified and / or constant pressing force or linear force to be maintained between the two rollers 106;106';103';103 involved in the second gap 107;107' at its working position.For the sake of clarity, it should be noted that the linear or pressing forces effective in the two rollers 106;106';103';103 involved in the second gap 107;107' do not act directly in this case, but rather through a material that is guided through the gap, for example, through a powdered material 004;004' in the case of the film forming gap 104;104', and through the product continuum 002 having dry film 007 on one or both sides in the case of the lamination gap 107;107'.

[0077] Without limiting the specific embodiments described above, any one of the two rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' involved in the gap 104;104';107;107' may, in principle, be adjustable by the corresponding adjustment drive unit 109;109';111;111' and / or supported by the corresponding adjustment mechanism 112;112';113;113' in the sense described above. This also applies to configurations in which one of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' involved in the gap 104;104';107;107' is supported together with another roller 102;102';103;103';106;106' not involved in the gap 104;104';107;107' in a way that allows for common adjustment.

[0078] Similarly, a coating apparatus 100;100 comprising, for example, individual adhesion mechanisms 101;101' each having opposing pressure rollers 106;106, or a combined adhesion mechanism 101;101' having mutually effective opposing pressure rollers 103';103. *Regardless of the above implementation, in a configuration particularly advantageous in terms of optimal adjustability, the lamination gap 107;107' between the metering gap 104;104' between the first and second rollers 102;102';103;103' of the same adhesion mechanism 101;101' and / or the opposing pressure rollers 106;106';103';103 working with the second roller 103;103' is configured to be adjustable not only on a position or force basis, for example, but also selectively adjustable on a position basis, particularly in the sense described above, positionally adjustable with respect to the gap width, controllable via a control chain, or closed-loop control via a control circuit, for example, based on a combined adjustment drive device 109;109';111;111'. It is configured to be adjustable, for example, in an operating mode, to a constant and / or specified relative position and / or constant and / or specified gap width of two rollers, for example, to be positionable, open-loop controllable, or closed-loop controllable, or for example, in another operating mode, to be force-based, for example, with respect to the adjustment force, for example, via a pressure regulating valve, or for example, via a control route equipped with such a pressure regulating valve, or for example, via a control route equipped with such a pressure regulating valve, that is, it is configured to be adjustable, for example, in another operating mode, to a specified and / or constant contact force or linear force, for example, open-loop controllable, or closed-loop controllable. In particular, one of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' involved in the gap 104;104';107;107' is selectively supported in a position-based or force-based adjustable manner within a combined adjustment mechanism 112;113;112;113, and / or the gap 104;104';107;107' is selectively supported in an open-loop controllable or closed-loop controllable manner in an openHere again, without limiting the specific embodiments described above, any one of the two rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' involved in the gap 104;104';107;107' may, in principle, be adjusted and supported in this manner by the corresponding combined adjustment drive unit 109;109';111;111', and / or may be appropriately supported by the corresponding combined adjustment mechanism 112;112';113;113' in the sense described above. This also applies to configurations in which one of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' involved in the gap 104;104';107;107' is commonly and adjustablely supported together with other rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' that are not involved in the gap 104;104';107;107'.

[0079] The combined regulating drive unit 109;109';111;111' is, in an advantageous configuration, formed by a regulating drive unit 111;111' having a force-based regulating mechanism 113;113';112;112' that is particularly open-loop controllable with respect to force or closed-loop controllable with respect to force, and in its regulating stroke a contact portion 119 that can be positioned, for example via drive and / or regulating means 145;146, can be selectively introduced for position limiting. In this case, the drive means 133 is preferably a cylinder piston system 133 that can be operated in a pressure medium, particularly hydraulically.

[0080] For adjustment purposes, the first rollers 102;102' may be supported via a support mechanism 113;113';112;112' and / or, for example, a position base or a force base or selectively a position or force base adjustment drive device 109;109';111;111', each having at least one moving component toward and / or away from the second rollers 103;103'. In addition, or instead, the opposing pressure rollers 106;106';103';103 may be supported via a support mechanism 113;113';112;112' and / or, for example, a position base or a force base or selectively a position or force base adjustment drive device 109;109';111;111', in a direction having at least one moving component toward and / or away from the second or further rollers 103;103'.

[0081] Alternatively, the first rollers 103;103' are paired with the assigned second rollers 102;102' and adjusted via a common support mechanism 112;112';113;113' and / or a common, for example, position base or force base or selectively position or force base adjusting drive device 109;109';111;111', to have at least one moving component toward and / or away from the assigned opposing pressure rollers 106;106'. They may be supported in a manner that allows adjustment, and in addition, each first roller 102;102' may be supported via a support mechanism 113;113';112;112' and / or, for example, a position base or a force base or selectively a position or force base adjusting drive device 109;109';111;111', in a manner that allows adjustment in a direction toward and / or toward the assigned second roller 103;103'.

[0082] In all of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments, or configurations, the first rollers 102;102' and the second rollers 103;103' forming the first gap 104;104' with the first rollers 102;102' are mechanically and independently rotatably driven by, or are driven by, mechanically independently, driving means 148;149, such as drive motors 148;149, in particular servo motors that are closed-loop controllable or open-loop controllable at least with respect to speed, in opposite directions during operation and at different peripheral speeds.

[0083] In this case, the first rollers 102;102' are operated at a lower speed, and the first rollers 102;102', in particular the metering rollers 102;102', and the assigned second rollers 103;103', in particular the laminating rollers 103;103', can or are operated at a ratio of their peripheral speeds between the first rollers and the second rollers 102,102';103;103', for example, V103(103'):V102(102'), the range of this ratio being 1:5 to 3:5, in particular 1:4.

[0084] The rollers 103;106;103;103' that together form the second gap 107;107' are preferably driven or driven mechanically independently of each other at the same peripheral speed during operation by a common drive motor 148, particularly a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors 148, particularly servo motors 148.

[0085] In a favorable configuration, the drive motors 148;149, which are mechanically independent of each other, can be driven by a drive control device via an electronic, particularly virtual, main circuit.

[0086] Particularly advantageous is an improved configuration in which the first roller 102;102' has, in the region of its circumferential surface that contributes to film formation, a surface that repels the material more strongly from the powder mixture and / or has a less strong adhesive effect than the second roller 103;103'.

[0087] At least the second rollers 102;102';103;103' may have polished and / or chrome-coated or ceramic-coated surfaces in at least the circumferential region that contributes to film formation. The first rollers 102;102' may have structured or material-repelling surfaces in at least the circumferential region that contributes to film formation.

[0088] For all of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the first and / or second rollers 102;102;103;103' are preferably temperature-adjustable, and in particular heat-adjustable, so that their circumferential surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, and preferably at least 120°C, for example, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0089] Alternatively, or preferably in addition thereto, the rollers 106;106' that are effective only as opposing pressure rollers 106;106';103;103 of the first group of embodiments are also preferably temperature-adjustable, and in particular heatable, so that their circumferential surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, and preferably at least 120°C, for example, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0090] Temperature control or heating can, in principle, be performed electrically, and in the advantageous configuration here, this is achieved by passing a temperature-controlled or heating fluid through the rollers 102;102';103,103';106;106' to be temperature-controlled. In this case, a temperature-controlled fluid, such as appropriately temperature-controlled water, is supplied to the rollers 102;102';103,103';106;106' to be temperature-controlled via the temperature-controlled fluid line 134 and, for example, the rotation feedthrough of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106', and discharged therefrom.

[0091] For all the configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments, or configurations described above, the two attachment mechanisms 101;101' are supported on a common or optionally multi-part frame 128, for example, two front frame walls 131 of the same or optionally multi-part frame 128, together with one or more substrate guide elements 121 optionally positioned directly in front of, behind, or between them. In the case of a common frame 128 having an integrated frame wall 131, the particularly robust arrangement of the attachment mechanisms 101;101' is module 100;100 * For example, laminate aggregate 100;100 * Laminating unit 100;100 formed as * It can be prepared in [location].

[0092] For example, as explained below, calendar 600;600 * The calendering mechanism, also known as 600;600 * However, the laminating unit 100;100 * If it is preferable to provide, for example, directly in the downstream substrate path, the calendering mechanism 600;600 * The rollers equipped with 601;601';602;602 * In an advantageous modified form, this frame 603 may also be used, or in an advantageous modification, for example, a separate module 600;600 * For example, the calendar processing module 600;600 * Alternatively, it may be supported by the side wall of a dedicated frame 603 located directly above and / or above the frame 128 that supports the attachment mechanism 101;101'.

[0093] For example, in one configuration of the machine shown in Figures 15 and 16, this is assembled to be somewhat longer in some cases, for example, module 100;100 * ;600;600 * In between, especially at least lamination module 100;100 * and calendar processing module 600;600 * The risk of vibration transmission between the two is reduced, and the laminated module 100;100 *The calendar processing module 600 provided there is preferably located adjacent to the horizontal structure, and more preferably on a dedicated, separate frame 128;603, for example, in terms of vibration. * This can be omitted in modifications not shown in Figures 3, 10, 15, and / or 16.

[0094] However, for example, the calendar processing module 600;600 shown in Figures 15 and 16 * Or dry film 003;003 * Additional calendering downstream of the coating is not mandatory and can be completely omitted in other configurations of the coating machine. In the latter case, calendering can then be completely omitted or can be carried out in a separate process and / or in a separate machine, for example, a second machine. In this case, the second machine may, for example, have a substrate uncoiler at the inlet side from which a web-like intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided by at least one calendering mechanism 600 along the substrate path to an outlet roll recoiler or to a feeder via a cross-cutting device.

[0095] In principle, the adhesion mechanism 101;101' and / or coating apparatus 100;100 * and / or regardless of, but advantageously in relation to, one of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations of the machine configuration, the apparatus for coating 100;100 *In particularly advantageous configurations, the frame 128 is composed of multiple parts (see, for example, Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21). In this case, at least two adjacent rollers 102;103;103;103';106 of the attachment mechanism 101;101' together form a laminating gap 107;107' and / or are effective as opposing pressure rollers 103;103';106, and are supported on both sides, particularly fixedly connected to each other, the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4 of two different subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, and these are the two adjacent rollers 102;103;103;103';106 Along the adjustment direction extending perpendicular to the rotation axis R102;R103;R102';R103';R106;R106' of at least one of the rollers, the distance between their circumferential surfaces or between the circumferential surfaces of two adjacent rollers 102;103;103;103';106 and / or via carrier substrate 006 provided or coated on at least one side, or via powdered material 004;004', is variable relative to each other so that the effective contact force is variable or adjustable. In a preferred modification, one of the two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 is fixed in space, for example, a coating device 100;100 *The subframes may be fixedly positioned on the footprint of the subframe or within or on the upper frame structure 145, for example, the bottom plate 145, and at least one of the two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 may be adjustable via support mechanisms 112;113 within at least one adjustment range along the adjustment direction, and in another variation, one and both of adjacent subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 may be adjustable along the adjustment direction. In particular, each subframe 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 comprises two frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4, which are optionally detachably fixedly connected to one or more cross joints, for example, one or more transverse beams 136;137. Therefore, the movement of the adjustable partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 in the manner described above can be carried out as a whole together with the rollers 102;103;103;103';106 or rollers 102;103;103;103';106 that are supported by them.

[0096] In the above configuration of the attachment mechanism 101 for attachment on one side only, that is, comprising a first roller 102, e.g., a metering roller 102, a second roller 103, e.g., a laminating roller 103, and a pure counter-pressure roller 106, although not shown, in a modified version of the first configuration, for example, the first and second rollers 102;103 may be supported together within or in contact with the frame wall 131.1 of the first partial frame 128.1, and the counter-pressure roller 106 may be supported within or in contact with the frame wall 131.2 of the second partial frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example, the first roller 102 is supported in or in contact with the partial frame 128.1 via the adjustment means 109;111 described above, and is adjustable in terms of its contact force or distance from the second roller 103, for example, in a positionable manner, with open-loop control with respect to force, or closed-loop control with respect to force, and / or in terms of position, for example, in a positionable manner, with open-loop control with respect to position, or closed-loop control with respect to position (in this case, a variation relating to "and" in the expression "and / or" here represents a combined adjustment drive that is selectively adjustable on a force or position basis). In alternative modifications, for example, the second rollers 102;103 and the opposing pressure roller 106 are supported within or in contact with the frame wall 131.1 of the first partial frame 128.1, and the first roller 102, for example the metering roller 102, is supported in contact with the frame wall 131.3 of the separate partial frame 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the opposing pressure roller 106 is supported within or in contact with the first partial frame 128.1, adjustable in distance from the second roller 103, via the adjustment means 109;111 described above, in a force-based manner, for example defined with respect to force, open-loop controlled with respect to force, or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, and / or in a position-based manner, for example positionably controlled, open-loop controlled with respect to position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to position.

[0097] In a preferred modification of the above configuration of the attachment mechanism 101 for attachment on one side only, the first, second and opposing pressure rollers 102;103;106 are each supported within or in contact with the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3 of dedicated subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3. In this case, for example, one of the subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3, preferably subframe 128.2 supporting the second roller 103, is positioned in space or fixed in place, while the other two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3 are supported so as to be movable relative to it along the adjustment direction. For example, in Figure 18, the right-side partial frame 128.4, which includes the frame wall 131.4 and roller 102', can be omitted in this configuration, in which case the roller 103' is configured as a purely opposing pressure roller 106.

[0098] In a preferred configuration of the adhesion mechanism 101;101' as a double adhesion mechanism 101;101' for simultaneous adhesion on both sides, as shown, for example, in Figures 8-12, 15, 16, 17, and 18, two pairs of rollers, consisting of metering and laminating rollers 102;103;102';103', may each be supported in pairs on subframes 128.1;128.2, in a first modification not shown, where the two subframes 128.1;128.2 are positionable relative to each other in the manner described above, such that the effective contact force between the rotational axes R103;R103' and / or between the circumferential surfaces of the two rollers 103;103' that together form the laminating gap 107 is variable. In this case, one of the subframes 128.1;128.2 may be supported in space or in a fixed position, while the other may be supported so as to be movable in the adjustment direction. The metering rollers 102;102' are supported, for example, via the adjustment means 109;111 described above, on each subframe 128.1;128.2 in an adjustable manner between each adjacent second lamination 103, for example, by force-based control, for example defined with respect to force, with open-loop control with respect to force, or with closed-loop control with respect to force, and / or by position-based control, for example positionally controlled, with open-loop control with respect to position, or with respect to position. In alternative variations not shown, the pair of rollers 103,103' forming the laminating gap 107;107' may be supported on a first common subframe 128.1, and the two metering rollers 102;102' may each be supported on dedicated subframes 128.3;128.4, the first subframe 128.2 being supported, for example, in space or in a fixed position, and the other two subframes 128.3;128.4 being movable relative to the first subframe 128.1 in the manner described above, such that the contact force is variable, directly or indirectly effective between the rotational axes R102;103;102';103' and / or between the circumferential surfaces of the first and second rollers 102;103;102';103'.In this case, one of the laminating rollers 103;103' is supported via the adjustment means 109;111 in an adjustable manner in terms of its distance from the other laminating roller 103, for example, on a force basis, for example defined with respect to force, open-loop controlled with respect to force, or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, and / or on a position basis, for example positionably, open-loop controlled with respect to position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to position.

[0099] However, in a preferred configuration of the attachment mechanism 101;101' as a double attachment mechanism 101;101' for simultaneous attachment on both sides, all four rollers 102;103,102';103', or all rollers 102;103,102';103' if there are further intermediate rollers, are each supported by the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4 of dedicated partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4. In this case, for example, one of the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, preferably the second or laminating roller 103, and in particular the partial frame 128.1 supporting the laminating roller 103 of the first adhesion mechanism 101, is positioned in space or fixed in place, and the remaining partial frames 128.2;128.3;128.4 are adjustablely supported along an adjustment direction which is preferably perpendicular to the rotation axis R103;103' of the laminating roller 103, and / or linearly, particularly horizontally, with respect to the adjustment direction which is supported in space or fixed in place.

[0100] Preferably, with respect to the material flow, the first roller 102 of the first adhesion mechanism 101, which follows upstream of the roller 103 of the first adhesion mechanism 101 that is involved in the formation of the second gap 107;107', and / or is supported in or in contact with the third partial frame 128.3, which is displaceable along an adjustment direction that extends perpendicular to the rotation axis R102;R103;R102';R103';R106;R106' of the roller 103 of the first adhesion mechanism 101 that is involved in the formation of at least the second gap 107. In the case of the double adhesion mechanism 101;101', in a favorable configuration, with respect to the material flow, the first roller 102 of the second adhesion mechanism 101', in particular, which follows upstream of the roller 103 of the second adhesion mechanism 101 that is involved in the formation of the second gap 107;107', is additionally supported in or in contact with the fourth subframe 128.4, which subframe 128.4 is displaceable along an adjustment direction that extends at least perpendicular to the rotation axis R103 of the roller 103 supported in or in contact with the spatial or fixed subframe 128.1.

[0101] All of the above configurations having movable partial frames 128.2;128.3;128.4 are preferably movable on linear guides 112;112', and each of the movable partial frames 128.2;128.3;128.4 may be provided with a dedicated guide section 138, for example, a rail piece 138, or a continuous guide 138 or rail 138 may be provided for two or more displaceable adjacent partial frames 128.2;128.4. The partial frames 128.2;128.3;128.4 are formed to correspond to the bottom-side guide section 138 or guide 138, and may have support legs 139 equipped with, for example, sliding or rolling elements.

[0102] The rollers 102;102';103;103';106 are, in principle, rotatably supported on their respective axes, which are supported non-rotatably relative to the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4 of each subframe 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, via corresponding bearings 151, or advantageously, via bearings 151, particularly front roll journals in radial bearings 151, as shown in Figures 17 to 21, for example, and are themselves located within or in contact with the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4.

[0103] In a preferred configuration here, the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, which are adjacent to each other and arranged to move relative to each other, can be moved relative to each other in the adjustment direction, for each frame surface, by at least one drive means 132;132';133;133', in particular by at least one adjustment device 141 comprising drive means 132;132';133;133', and optionally by further means for transmitting adjustment motion or force, for each frame surface, preferably by two or at least two adjustment devices 141, in particular tension devices 141, for example in the form of tension devices 141, and can be moved away from each other or at least can be relieved again. In this case, the tensioning device 141 may be configured to apply not only the tensile force described above, but also, if necessary, a force directed in the opposite direction and / or a force that moves the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 apart from each other, such as an effective pressure between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, the opposing surfaces of the adjacent and relatively movable partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 are formed correspondingly to each other so that, for example, adjacent rollers 102;103;103;103';106 supported by the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 can move their effective circumferential surfaces to a relative position desirable for operation at a desired gap width, or a gap width created by the load, for example, a properly adjusted contact means 119.

[0104] In an advantageous configuration of such a mounting mechanism 101;101' having a frame 128 consisting of multiple parts, at least one adjusting drive unit 109;109' comprising drive means 132;133 that provides adjustment between the first and second rollers 102;103;102';103', e.g., variations in position and / or contact force, is configured to be position-based, e.g., positionably, open-loop controlled with respect to position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to position, or in a particularly advantageous configuration, selectively operable on a position-based, e.g., force-defined, open-loop controlled with respect to force, or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, or on a position-based, e.g., positionably, open-loop controlled with respect to position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to position.

[0105] In this case, for example, the drive means 133 is provided, which acts on and is force-operable or driven, in particular open-loop controlled or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, and is a cylinder piston system 133 that can provide pressurized fluid, in particular hydraulically, and the first roller 102 There is also provided at least one contact means 119 effective between the partial frames 128.3;128.4 supporting 102' and the partial frames 128.1;128.2 supporting the second rollers 103;103';106', and adjustable or settable, for example via an adjustment and / or drive means 146 and / or by an adjustment motor, and which may be introduced, for example, selectively and / or with respect to movement to an adjustment stroke. In principle, there may be any, preferably adjustable, contact means 119, which can restrict, and preferably adjust, the contact motion between the two partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 with respect to the end position. This may be, for example, one or more contact portions 119 based on each screw thread, the contact portions 119 can be moved to a desired position manually or by remotely operated adjustment and / or drive means 146, optionally via gears and / or by adjustment motors, and in particular rotatable. In a preferred configuration here, the contact means 119 is a contact means 119 based on a wedge gear, for example, a rail formed in a bidirectional, opposite wedge shape, provided as a contact portion 119 having, for example, opposing faces cooperating in pairs and having a thickness that changes in bidirectional, opposite directions.For adjustment, it is sufficient, for example, that one of the wedge-shaped rails is moved or movable relative to the other in the longitudinal direction of the rail pair by appropriate adjustment and / or drive means 146, such as a motor-driven adjustment drive 146, such as an adjustment drive 146 formed by a screw drive, or a motor-driven toothed rack. This type of contact means 119 makes it possible to achieve very sensitive variation in the end position defined by the contact means 119 when the length of the cooperating surfaces is large and the thickness gradient is small.

[0106] In a favorable configuration, at least one adjusting drive means 109;109' comprising drive means 132;133 is configured on a force basis, providing fluctuation and / or pressing force between two rollers 103;103';106;106' forming a second nip 107;107' between them, and in a particularly favorable configuration, it is selectively operable on a force basis or a position basis. In this case, for example, the drive means 133 is provided, which acts indirectly or directly on two subframes 128.1, 128.2 supporting rollers 103;103';106;105' forming a second nip 107;107' between them, and is force-operated or driven, in particular with respect to force open-loop control or closed-loop control, and is a cylinder piston system 133 capable of providing pressurized fluid, preferably hydraulically, and is also provided, which is effective between these two subframes 128.1, 128.2 and adjustable and / or adjustable via the drive means 146. The contact means 119 may be configured in one of the methods described above or in a different manner, but its contact action is at least adjustable, for example, open-loop controllable or closed-loop controllable.

[0107] The drive means 133 can act indirectly or directly on the two adjacent subframes 128.1, 128.2; 128.3, 128.4 by having, for example, one end of the piston or piston rod extending it of the cylinder piston system 132; 133, which can, for example, supply a pressurized fluid, particularly hydraulically, directly connected to each subframe 128.1, 128.2; 128.3, 128.4, for example. However, the connection can also be indirectly realized, for example, by further means for transmitting regulating motion and / or regulating force, for example, by a tensile and / or compressible transmission member that extends or continues the piston or piston rod 142, which consists of one or more parts, on the one hand and / or optionally the cylinder, on the other hand, for example, in the form of a tension and / or compression rod. Each direct connection of the adjustment device 141, which includes the drive means 133, or the drive means 133 itself, via, for example, the pressing and / or tension plates 143;144, determines the working surface for the operation of the drive means 132;133 in the sense of this context. Preferably, the two effective ends of the adjustment device 141 or the drive means 133 it comprises are connected to each of the subframes 128.1, 128.2; 128.3, 128.4 in a tensile as well as compressive manner, as viewed in the adjustment direction. This allows them to move not only toward each other but also actively away from each other.

[0108] In a preferred configuration, between each of the two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, there are drive means 132;133 and at least one adjusting device 141 that brings relative adjusting motion and / or tensile force between the two subframes 128.2;128.3;128.4, in particular the tensile device 141, which acts on the subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 in the manner of a tensile device 141, in which case they are two rollers 102;103;103';103' or adjacent to each other The fitted partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 are moved to a relative position or abutting position related to a predetermined gap width and / or abutting force by forces directed toward each other between the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, and are kept constant at this relative position or abutting force, except for a specified amount of deviation with respect to the relative position and / or abutting force which is to be maintained against a force directed toward the adjustment direction by the powder material 004 or coated carrier base material 006, if applicable. In other words, a tensile force can be introduced between the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 by a drive means 132 that is adjustable on a position or force basis, or that is open-loop or closed-loop controllable, and the tensile force moves the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 or the rollers 102;103;102';103' toward a desired gap width or desired contact force, and optionally against a counterforce caused by the material 004, or maintains them toward such a desired gap width or desired contact force. This has the advantage that, in contrast to applying a pure thrust force from the outside to one of the two rollers 102;103;103';103' or the partial frame 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, the pressing force acts only on the roller gap 104;104';107;107', and does not apply any additional and uncontrollable force to any further adjacent gaps 107;107' in the direction of adjustment, for example, by pressing the second roller 103 against another roller 103';106.At least one drive means 132 or an adjustment device 141 equipped with a drive means 132 applies its two working surfaces or working ends to adjacent rollers 102;103;103';103' or subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, in particular, to adjust the gap 104;104';107 between adjacent rollers 102;103;103';103' by introducing a tensile force directed toward each other, i.e., a moving and / or pressing force between two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, thereby applying its two working surfaces or working ends to adjust the gap 104;104';107 between adjacent rollers 102;103;103';103' by introducing a tensile force that brings about a moving and / or pressing force between two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, thereby obtaining the above-mentioned advantages.

[0109] Therefore, in the solution proposed here, between two or each of two adjacent subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, one or more adjustment devices 141 having drive means 132;133 are used, with each working end, i.e., the drive means 132;133 or the end of the adjustment device 141, which are spaced apart from each other by activation and / or are variable by the tensile force exerted between them, to the adjacent subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, with the drive means 132; One or more adjusting devices 141 having 133 can be used to introduce tensile forces that result in relative motion between two adjacent subframes and / or pressing forces between rollers, for example for position or force base abutment, that is, for example for position or force base abutment, the adjusting device 141 or driving means 132;133 act to pull two rollers 102;103;103';103' or subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 toward each other.

[0110] In the configurations shown in Figures 17 to 21, to adjust both the first and second gaps 104;104';107;107', a drive means 133 is preferably provided, formed as a cylinder piston system 133 capable of providing a force-operated drive means 133 and / or pressurized fluid, particularly hydraulically, which is operable or driven on a force basis, in particular open-loop control with respect to force or closed-loop control with respect to force. Such a cylinder piston system 133 is preferably formed or designed to thereby provide a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, to the roller gaps 104;104';107;107'. Preferably, for each frame surface, at least two such cylinder piston systems 133 effective between two adjacent subframes are provided, and for example, the force or linear force described above can be applied by them in whole.

[0111] The rollers 102;102';103;103';106 are, in principle, rotatably supported on their respective axes, which are supported non-rotatably relative to the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4 of each subframe 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, via corresponding bearings 151, or, advantageously, by front roll journals of bearings 151 formed as radial bearings 151, for example as shown in Figures 17 to 21, wherein the bearings 151 themselves are provided or positioned within or in contact with the frame walls 131.1;131.2;131.3;131.4. In either case, viewed axially, the rollers 102;102';103;103';106 or their roll journals or axes are effectively supported radially by a width b151 of the bearing 151, the width b151 being determined by one or more rows of bearing elements supporting the roll journals or axes against the subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4. In the case of a radial bearing 151 that allows rotation, this can be one or more rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces arranged circumferentially. In this case, the effective support width b151 arises from the distance between the two outer edges of one row of bearing elements or two rows of bearing elements.

[0112] For example, in a configuration that is particularly advantageous in minimizing deformation, the adjustment device 141 acts on one of the two adjacent subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, or two of each, with two working ends that are variable in distance from each other, on each of the two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, in which case the same plane G extends perpendicular to the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103' of at least one roller of the rollers 102:103;102';103';106;106' supported by the two adjacent subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, particularly extending within the width of the frame wall. However, the effective support width b151 in at least each axial direction of the rollers 102:103;102';103';106;106' supported by the two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 intersects not only the working surface formed in the region of the working end with each of the subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, for example, the cross section of the pressing and / or tensioning plates 143;144 supported or attached to the end surface of the adjustment device 141 on the subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, in particular the working cross section, i.e., the effective piston or in-cylinder cross-sectional area within the cylinder of the drive means 133 formed by, for example, the cylinder piston system 133. This ensures that tensile stress acts reliably on the alignment of the support, preventing tilting of the bearing 151 caused by tensile stress.

[0113] In a preferred configuration, for all configurations of the attachment mechanisms 101;101' or double attachment mechanisms 101;101' described in relation to the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, the rollers 102;103;102';103, 103';106 are positioned relative to each other such that, at least in the operating position, their rotational axes R102;R103,R102';R103' intersect the same connecting line in at least one radial alignment.

[0114] In the case of a force-based drive means 133 or an adjustable drive device 133, the force provided by the drive means 133 is preferably adjustable, and in particular, open-loop or closed-loop controllable. In the case of a cylinder piston system 133 that can operate with a pressurized fluid, for example compressed air, or preferably a pressurized fluid (for example oil under overpressure), in particular, the pressure of the pressurized fluid supplied by the pressure source is adjustable, at least within the adjustment range required for operation, for example, via a valve that controls the pressure in the open loop or a pump that is open-loop or closed-loop controllable with respect to the pressure to be supplied to the outlet side, and in particular, open-loop or closed-loop controllable.

[0115] In the case of a second roller gap 107;107' adjusted on a force basis or open-loop or closed-loop controlled, and a first roller gap 104;104' adjusted or adjustable on a position basis, open-loop or closed-loop controlled, at least each of the first rollers 102;102' or their subframes 131.3;131.4 is not fixed in position as part of the manufacturing operation when viewed in the adjustment direction, but is at least movable or freely supported within an adjustment range of at least ±5 μm. This allows the first rollers 102;102' to follow when the distance d104;d104' between the first and second rollers 102;103;102';102' fluctuates as a result of material density which may fluctuate slightly.

[0116] In principle, the adhesion mechanism 101;101' and / or coating apparatus 100;100 *And / or independently of, but advantageously related to, one of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations of the machine configuration and / or frame 128, in a particularly advantageous configuration, at least the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103', with their R102;R103,R102';R103', are inclined toward each other in general or in at least one operating condition, i.e., not supported or able to be supported in parallel (see, for example, the principle from Figure 22). However, they preferably extend in two parallel planes.

[0117] If this type of support means is common and not likely to change, an inclined arrangement can already be taken into consideration in the arrangement of the bearings 151 in the single or multiple-part frame 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4.

[0118] However, preferably, the rotational axes R102;R103, R102';R103' can be inclined relative to each other, that is, one can be inclined relative to the other from a parallel position, or at different inclination angles α. In this case, for example, one of the rollers 102;102';103;103', in particular the second roller 103,103', can be moved in parallel in space without changing its inclination, but it is fixed in space during operation during the alignment process of R103;R103', and the other roller 102;102';103;103', in particular the first roller 102;102', is supported so as to be tiltable with respect to the direction of R102;R102',R103;R103' and / or with respect to the paths of the rotation axes R102;R102',R103;R103' of the other rollers 103;103', in particular the second roller 103;103', with respect to the direction of R102;R102',R103;R103', with respect to the paths of the rotation axes R102;R102',R103;R103', with respect to the direction of R102;R102',R103;R103', with respect to the direction of R102;R102',R103;R103', with respect to the direction of R102;R102',R103;R103', with respect The rotation is preferably performed around an actual or virtual pivot axis, which lies, for example, in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102;R102', R103;R103' of two rollers 102;103;102;103', and / or preferably extends perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102;R103;R102;R103' of both the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103', and / or intersects their rotation axes R102;R103;R102;R103'.

[0119] In principle, such tilting capability can be directly realized through a special design of the support means for accommodating the tiltable rollers 102;102';103;103' in the frame 128. For example, a bearing 151, such as a bearing 151 with an eccentric portion, may be provided on at least one face, preferably both sides, so that the radial position of the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103' is variable within the bearing 151. Alternatively, a radially movable bearing may be provided on one side or preferably both sides of the frame 128, so that the movement of the bearing makes the support location radially variable.

[0120] Preferably, the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103' of the same attachment mechanism 101;101' are supported, for example, in the first and / or second attachment mechanism 101;101' corresponding to the configuration of the frame 128 consisting of multiple parts as described above or later, within or in contact with each other in different partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, in which case one of the two partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, preferably the first roller 102;102 The partial frame structures 128.3;128.4 supporting ' extend perpendicularly to their axis of rotation R102;R103,R102';R103', together with the assigned frame walls 131.1,131.2,131.3,131.4, one or more transverse beams 136;137 and the rollers 102;103;102;103' supported thereon, and are pivotable about a pivot axis S that intersects it over at least the maximum effective width of the rollers 102;103;102;103' (see, for example, Figures 17, 18, 19, 21 and 23).

[0121] In an advantageous configuration, the swivelable partial frame 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 is supported on at least two support points 153 spaced apart from each other by an arc K extending circumferentially around a pivot axis S, wherein the support points 153 extend around the pivot axis S and / or have a radius R on the arc that determines the position of the pivot axis S. S It is located at (see, for example, Figure 23). The support point 153 is formed by sliding or rolling elements, such as rolls, which are arranged, for example, in two support blocks 147 spaced apart from each other. The rolls are rotatable about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius R of the arc K S For example, it is larger than half of the rollers 102;103;102;103' that rotate with the partial frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, and in particular, larger than the entire maximum available width. This allows for a large adjustment stroke to be achieved for very slight changes in inclination.

[0122] The bearing block 147 is supported, for example, on a guide 138 that extends perpendicular to the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103' of rollers 102;103;102;103', which are supported by pivotable subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, and together with the subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 supported on it, it is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103'.

[0123] In a preferred configuration, the support points 153 for supporting the swivelable partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 cooperate with a support surface 154 facing the support point, the support surface 154 being located in the lower region of the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, particularly in the lower end region of two of the frame walls 131.1,131.2,131.3,131.4, and / or being supported by at least one support point 153 within the adjustment range of the swivel motion when viewed in the circumferential direction of the arc K, and having a surface having an arc-shaped curved contour at least within the adjustment range. The radius of curvature is preferably the radius R described above. S It corresponds to.

[0124] In principle, the rotation can be performed manually, but a particularly remotely operated drive mechanism capable of rotating the said partial frame 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 is preferred.

[0125] The swivel or tilt angle α is, for example, 0.1° to 2.0°, particularly 0.5° to 1.5°, preferably 1.0°. The adjustment range of the swivel can be, for example, from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, even from 0° to 2.0°, or, depending on the case, a higher angle.

[0126] The configurations described above for the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 that can pivot about the pivot axis S can be adapted to all the configurations described above for the divided frames 128;128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, provided that the partial frames 128.1;128.3;128.4 of the first or second rollers 102;103, in particular, the attachment mechanism 1 provided for simple attachment, i.e., for attachment on one side. Provided that the partial frames 128.1;128.3;128.4 of the first roller of 01, or the partial frames 128.1;128.3;128.4 of the first or second rollers 102;103, in particular the partial frames 128.1;128.3;128.2;128.4 of the first roller 102 of the two attachment mechanisms 101;101' of the double attachment mechanism 101,101', are pivotable in the manner described above and are advantageously constructed using the means described above.

[0127] Regardless of the rotation of rollers 102;103;102;103' with or without partial frames 128.1,128.2,128.3,128.4, the pivot axis S is preferably in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102;R103;R102;R103' of two adjacent rollers 102;103;102;103' and / or at least the rotation axes R102;R103' of the pivotable rollers 102;103;102;103'. It extends perpendicular to R102;R103', and advantageously also extends with respect to the rotational axes R102;R103;R102;R103' of both the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103', and / or intersects with at least the rotational axis R102;R103;R102;R103' of the swivelable roller 102;103;102;103', advantageously with the rotational axes R102;R103;R102;R103' of both the first and second rolls 102;103;102;103'. Advantageously, the pivot axis S of the swivelable roller 102;102';103;103' intersects the rotation axis R102;R103;R102;R103' of the swivelable roller 102;103;102;103'k, and preferably the rotation axes R102;R103,R102';R103' of both the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103', preferably in an intermediate region, i.e., at a distance of at most 15% of the available length from the center, or particularly at the height of the center of the maximum available roller width. In the preferred configuration shown, the swivel motion of the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103' is performed in a plane extending perpendicular to the pivot axis S, without the plane moving in the direction of the pivot axis during the swivel, and / or without the pivot axis changing its position in space. This allows for independent rotation during attachment, removal, and vice versa.

[0128] In a preferred configuration, for all configurations of the attachment mechanisms 101;101' or double attachment mechanisms 101,101' described in relation to the partial frames 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4, the rollers 102;103;102';103,103';106 are positioned relative to each other such that, at least in the operating position, their rotation axes R102;R103,R102';R103';R106 intersect the same connecting line, in particular a horizontally extending connecting line, in at least one radial alignment along the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103';R106. If there is one or more inclined rollers 102;103;102';103,103';106, this connecting line coincides, for example, with each rotation axis S. In the absence of inclined rollers 102;103;102';103,103';106, the axes of rotation R102;R103,R102';R103';R106 are advantageously parallel and coplanar, in this case in particular in the plane extending horizontally, for example in the modified configurations described above.

[0129] For all of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the support mechanisms 112;112;113;113' of at least the rollers 103;103';106;106' that form the second gap 107;107' of the adjustment drive unit 109;109';111;111' and / or the adjustment drive unit comprising therein preferably form a gap width of at least 15 μm at its narrowest point, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm, and / or in particular, between the two rollers 103;106;103;103' via the product continuum 002;002' to be formed, and / or at least one adjustment mechanism 112;112' and / or at least one adjustment drive The device 109;109' generates a pressing or linear force and / or adjusts and / or applies a linear force between the rollers 103;103';106;106' forming the second gap 107;107', in a region of its width that contributes to film formation and / or film adhesion, for example, at least 500 N / mm, preferably at least 700 N / mm, and preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, and / or is configured to maintain a constant desired linear force, for example, by the automatic or adjusted tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103;106;103;103', even when the dry film thickness fluctuates. Automatic tracking, in contrast to tracking controlled via a closed-loop circuit, is tracking performed, for example, by a drive means or the force provider itself that is preferably adjustable on a force basis, particularly open-loop controlled or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, and without readjustment via an additional circuit.

[0130] In all of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments, or configurations, particularly advantageous further improvements include a suction section 123;123' provided above each attachment mechanism 101;101' or attachment mechanism 101;101', which can optionally draw in any leaking gas or generated vapor.

[0131] The rollers 102;102';103;103';106;106' of the above-described adhesion mechanism 101;101' are preferably formed with a width usable for film formation and / or adhesion, in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, particularly in the range of 500 mm to 700 mm.

[0132] A machine for producing a multilayer product (see, for example, Figures 3, 10, 15, or 16) having the above-mentioned dry film 003;003' formed from a powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006, particularly in an in-line process, preferably comprises: a substrate supply section 200 from which the carrier material 006 can be supplied to the machine at the inlet side; a first substrate path section 300 from which the carrier substrate 006 can be supplied to a deposition section 100;100' for applying the dry film 003;003' to at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; and a second substrate path section 400 from which the carrier substrate, having the dry film 003 on at least one side, can be supplied to a product receiving section 500 from which the product can be assembled into a product package, such as a roll or a stack.

[0133] In a particularly preferred configuration, the attached stage 100;100 * The above device 100;100 * The above configurations, configurations, arrangements, embodiments, or modifications are comprised of the above. The adherend 100 shown exemplary in Figure 3 can replace all configurations, structures, designs, and embodiments of the first group of embodiments, as well as the adherend 100 shown exemplary in Figures 10, 15, or 16. * This can be replaced with all of the second group. In the machine embodiments shown in Figures 15 and 16, as a variation, configurations, structures, designs, embodiments or variations of the first group may also be used, having a deposit stage 100, i.e., a separate deposit device 101;101'.

[0134] The substrate supply unit 200 is, in an advantageous configuration, formed by a substrate uncoiler 200, particularly a roll changer 200, which preferably has multiple roll positions and / or is formed by a roll changer 200 qualified for nonstop roll changing. The roll changer 200 may, advantageously, include a substrate guide element 202 formed as a motor-driven roller 202, particularly a tension roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203 in the form of a dancer roller 203 that is spring-driven or deflected by force on a lever or guide perpendicular to the substrate path, for example.

[0135] The carrier substrate web 006 is fed out by the substrate uncoiler 200 and supplied to the substrate path through the machine at the inlet side at the feeding position.

[0136] If a base material uncoiler is provided with, for example, a tension roller 202 structurally assigned to the base material uncoiler (see, for example, Figure 3 or Figure 10), this may be provided in addition to the tension roller 202 in a tensioning mechanism 207, particularly a retraction mechanism 207, which has, for example, a drive means in the form of a servo motor, particularly a drive motor, and / or a pressure roller adjustable on the tension roller 202 to increase friction, which drives the tension roller 202 particularly independently of other tension rollers and is capable of closed-loop and / or open-loop control with respect to speed. The roller 202 or the drive means may be operated, or be operated, by generator drive or by suppressing the feed of the carrier base material web 006 in order to construct or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example, in an adjacent base material path section 300 that extends to, for example, the next clamp or web tension point, or in a portion of the base material path section 300 formed by adjacent base material path sections, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present upstream and downstream of the roller 202.

[0137] For example, if the base material guide elements 208;307 are still structurally assigned to the base material path within the roll uncoiler 200, or have already been assigned to the first base material path section 300, then the base material guide elements 208;307 may be formed in the base material path as measuring rollers 208, for example, web tension measuring rollers 208;307 (exemplary for all configurations, shown, for example in Figure 16), thereby allowing for, for example, the measurement of web tension or at least one quantity representing web tension, for example, in individual modules 100;100 * It can be investigated for use in adjusting web tension, for example, via a conveying speed of 600 or one or more conveying speeds of motor-forced transmission web guide elements 202;308;401;502.

[0138] The substrate supply unit 200, formed as a roll changer 200, is advantageously mechanically independent from the rest of the machine and / or includes individual motor-driven roll drive devices and / or lifting devices to support the roll loading and / or roll unloading processes.

[0139] In a favorable configuration, devices for the lateral web edge control unit 204 (exemplary for all configurations, shown, for example, in Figure 15), in particular a sensor system for detecting the web edge, and an adjustment member that provides a lateral offset of the carrier substrate, for example, in the transport direction T S A pair of pivoting rods, which can rotate about an axis extending perpendicularly to the first substrate path 300, may be further provided in the substrate path section associated with the substrate supply unit 200 and / or adjacent to the first substrate path 300. In a particularly advantageous configuration, the web edge control unit 204 is combined with an adhesive device 206, for example, an adhesive table 206.

[0140] Alternatively, or in addition, in a favorable configuration, an expander device, in particular a web guide element consisting of one or more members having a convexly extending circumferential surface, is further provided in the substrate path section of the substrate supply unit 200 and / or the first substrate path 300.

[0141] In an advantageous improved configuration, a pretreatment station 302 consisting of one or more parts, particularly a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, thereby allowing the carrier substrate 006 to be freed from surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residue, and / or charge carriers, on one or both sides in a non-contact or contact process.

[0142] In the first substrate path 300, and especially downstream of a planned cleaning, a measuring station 303 is provided, particularly with an acoustic or radiation-based measuring device 303, which can inspect the material thickness of the carrier material 006 for its thickness and / or uniformity of thickness and / or impurities, for example, if an unacceptable deviation from the target setting occurs, optical and / or acoustic warning signals and / or error signals are sent to the machine control unit and / or control station.

[0143] For all configurations of the machine, in an advantageous configuration, substrate guide elements 208;307 may be formed as measuring rollers 307 (exemplary for all configurations, shown, for example, in Figures 15 and 16) in substrate path sections structurally assigned to the roll uncoiler 200 and / or adjacent substrate path sections of the first substrate path 300, thereby, for example, web tension, for example, in individual modules 100;100 * It can be investigated for use, for example, for adjusting web tension, via a conveying speed of 600 or, in particular, via the conveying speed of one or more motor-driven web guide elements 202;308;401;502. Only one of the two measuring rollers 208;307, or advantageously both measuring rollers 208;307, may be provided, in the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307, is used to determine and / or control the web tension in the substrate path section located upstream of the first or so attachment point.

[0144] In an advantageous improved configuration, for example, a pretreatment station 304, formed as an adhesion station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, thereby allowing a binder and / or primer to be provided on one or both sides of the carrier material 006. In this case, a dryer, not shown, such as a hot air dryer or an infrared dryer, may preferably be provided directly downstream of the adhesion station 304.

[0145] In principle, it is considered in itself, but in a particularly preferred configuration, it is considered in relation to one or more other configurational variations of the machine, the attached stage 100;100 * A thermal pretreatment station 306, particularly a temperature control station, such as an infrared radiation source 306, is provided immediately before the substrate path, i.e., downstream of the last substrate guide elements 301;307 that work in cooperation with the carrier substrate web 006. This allows the carrier substrate 006 to be heated to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, particularly higher than 60°C, preferably at least 80°C. This may be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating a bond promoter or bond generator 007;007' provided or applied on the carrier substrate 006. In principle, independently of this, but advantageously in connection with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311, such as a temperature sensor 311, particularly a non-contact and / or radiation-operated temperature sensor 311, may be provided to determine the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006. The sensor 311, for example, as a temperature sensor 311, may be a component of a control circuit for adjusting the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 together with the optionally provided temperature control station 306.

[0146] Instead of, or optionally in addition to, the tension roller 202 or tension mechanism 207 associated with the base material uncoiler 200, a tension roller 308 or tension mechanism 309 may be provided in the base material path section 300 adjacent to the base material uncoiler 200 and / or leading to the first or only dry film application point, i.e., the first or only lamination gap 107;107'. If there is only one tension roller 202;308 or only one tension mechanism 207;309 in the base material path between unwinding from the roll 201 and entry into the first or only lamination gap 107;107', such tension roller 202;308 or such tension mechanism 207;309 shall, in principle, be attached to the base material uncoiler 200, particularly the coil, and the application section 100;100 * , in particular to the first or sole point of attachment and the substrate path section 300 extending between them, or similarly to the input side attachment stage 100;100 *Structurally, it is possible or may be assigned to the inlet side. In this case, it is essential that such tension rollers 202;308 or such tension mechanisms 207;309 are located upstream of the first or only laminating gap 107;107' in the base material path section, for example, in a portion of the base material path section formed by adjacent base material path sections or adjacent base material path sections, in order to construct or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension. The tension mechanism, corresponding to the tension mechanism 207 already described above, for example, has a drive means, for example in the form of a servo motor, that drives the tension roller 308 in particular independently of the other tension rollers and is capable of closed-loop and / or open-loop control with respect to speed, and / or a pressure roller that can be pressed against the tension roller 308 to increase friction. The roller 308 or the driving means may be operated, or may be operated, by generator drive or by suppressing the feed of the carrier base material web 006 in order to construct or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example, in adjacent base material path sections that extend to, for example, the next clamp or web tension point, or in a portion of a base material path section formed by adjacent base material path sections, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present upstream and downstream of the roller 308.

[0147] In a favorable configuration, in the second base material path 400, particularly the adherend stage 100;100 * Immediately following the substrate path, the calender 600 or the calendering mechanism 600 is provided with two rollers 601;602, particularly the calendering rollers 601;602, between which a gap, for example a calendering gap, is formed. This has the advantage that, for example, if the target density is not achieved during dry film deposition, the final product 001 or simply an intermediate product 002 that still needs to be cut can still be produced with the desired density in the active material layer 003;003'.

[0148] An alternative configuration, already described above but not illustrated here, whose advantages are, for example, process independence and optimization, and consequently, higher quality and / or lower failure rate, for example, in a plant or system with multiple machines, a first machine for coating a carrier substrate 006, in particular the carrier substrate web 006, with a dry film 003;003' formed from a powdered material 004;004', preferably a coating apparatus 100;100 in one of the advantageous configurations described above. * A first machine equipped with a substrate path and at least one calendering mechanism 600;600 provided in the substrate path of the second machine * A separate second machine for compressing the dry film 003;003' is provided. These machines can, in principle, be located in different places, but preferably, they are located in the same plant building, for example, in a plant or machine configuration for producing multilayer products 001, in particular electrode continuum 002 or electrode unit 001, with the dry film applied to a carrier substrate. In this case, the product continuum 002, which has not yet been post-compressed, hereby called the precursor product, is gathered into a roll 501 of the precursor product, for example, at the exit side of the machine for coating in a product receiving section 500 formed in particular as a product recoiler 500, and this roll 501 is then supplied at a subsequent or later point to a roll uncoiler located at the inlet side of the second machine, in particular at the inlet side of this machine. The product continuum 002 from the precursor product is then fed out and passes through the calendering mechanism 600;600' located in the base material path, and is either wound up at the exit side as a finished compressed product continuum 001 to form a product roll 501, or, if applicable, laid after a crosscut located downstream of the calendering mechanism 600.

[0149] The calendering process described above is performed inline in the same machine that applies the dry film 003;003' to the carrier substrate 006, or the calendering is performed separately from the application, in a different, for example, calendering mechanism 600;600. *Regardless of whether it is performed in a second machine having a calendering mechanism 600;600 * , two rollers 601;601 * ;602;602 * For example, calendering roller 601;601 * ;602;602 * The apparatus comprises, and at least one, preferably both, of which are heatable, and in particular, their circumferential surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, preferably at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of, for example, 25°C, and / or can be heated to apply a pressure, preferably with an adjustable linear force, up to at least 500 N / mm, preferably at least 700 N / mm, particularly at least 1000 N / mm, preferably at least 2000 N / mm, or particularly with a linear force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm. The product continuum 002 coated on at least one side can be passed through the calendering gap for the purpose of further compressing the dry film 003;003' using pressure and / or a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. Calendering rollers 601;601 * ;602;602 * For example, it has a diameter of at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm and / or an available width of at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. To manufacture the aforementioned products 001;002, rollers 601;601 have a maximum deviation of up to ±2 m, preferably up to ±1 mm. * ;602;602 * The circular runout around the periphery is particularly advantageous.

[0150] In principle, independently, but advantageously in relation to one or more other configuration variations of the machine, the attached stage 100;100 *In a particularly advantageous configuration of the second substrate path 400 downstream, if a calendering mechanism 600 is optionally provided, a cooling device 402 may also be provided downstream thereof, for example, with one or more partially wound temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1;402.2, which can cool the product continuum 002 passing through it, for example, at least 20°C, and particularly at least 50°C.

[0151] In principle, independently, but advantageously in relation to one or more other configuration variations of the machine, in an advantageous improved form, an inspection device 403;403.1;403.2 based on optical and / or acoustic measurements is provided in the second substrate path 400, for example, with a sensor 403.1 directed toward one side and a sensor 403.2 directed toward the other side, thereby enabling inspection of defects or defective areas on the product surface, for example, the integrity of the area and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003;003'. The inspection device 403;403.1;403.2 may be provided in the substrate path downstream of the calendering mechanism 600, for example, as shown in Figure 15, or in the substrate path downstream of the applied stage 100;100' and upstream of the calendering mechanism 600, for example, as shown in Figure 16. In the former case, defects caused by the calendaring process can be detected, while in the latter case, defects occurring at the applied stage 100;100' can be identified as early as possible. The inspection device 403 may preferably be equipped with cameras, such as line scan cameras, as sensors 403.1;403.2 for each surface, so that each surface is recorded or optically scanned, and abnormal or defective areas are evaluated via a downstream evaluation device.

[0152] In principle, independently, but advantageously together with other configuration variations of the machine, but especially in relation to inspection devices 403;403.1;403.2 provided on the substrate path, in an advantageous improved form, a device for defect marking 412 is provided, which may be formed by, for example, a printing device, such as an inkjet print head, or an insertion device, the latter of which can introduce or apply, for example, object marking means, such as so-called marking flags or marking labels, onto the carrier substrate web 006.

[0153] In all configurations of the machine, in an advantageous configuration, at least one substrate guide element 409 may be formed on the second substrate path 400 as a measuring roller 409, thereby, for example, the web tension, for example, on individual modules 100;100 * It can be investigated for use, for example, for adjusting web tension, via the relative conveying speed of one or more motor-driven web guide elements 202;308;401;502, or in particular 600. Preferably, at least the attached stage 100;100 * In particular, in a base material path section of a second base material path section 400 located downstream of the last or only application site and optionally provided with a calendering mechanism 600, and especially upstream of the calendering process which may be performed, however, particularly preferably, not only in the above base material path section but also in a base material path section located downstream of the calendering mechanism 600, which may be provided in an advantageous configuration, at least one base material guide element 409 is formed as a measuring roller 409. Alternatively or in addition thereto, a base material guide element 507 structurally assigned to the product recoiler 500 may be formed as a measuring roller 507 located downstream of the calendering mechanism 600 in the base material path.

[0154] Adhering stage 100;100 * In order to ensure optimal substrate travel through the substrate path, an advantageous configuration is to have a second substrate path 400, preferably a deposition step 100;100 *Directly behind, but in front of, optionally, a calendar processing mechanism 600, a base material guide element 401 is provided, which is formed as a motor-driven tension roller 401. This may be provided, for example, in addition to the tension roller 401 itself, in a tension mechanism 411 having a drive means, for example in the form of a servo motor, which drives the tension roller 401 particularly independently of other tension rollers and is capable of closed-loop and / or open-loop control with respect to speed, and / or a pressure roller that can be pressed against the tension roller 401 to increase friction. In this case, the roller 401 or the drive means can, in principle, be operated by generator drive or in a manner that suppresses the feeding of the carrier base material web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present upstream and downstream of the roller 401, but in this case, motor drive, i.e., the carrier base material web 006 is driven in the transport direction T S It is transported to, or driven or can be driven forward relative to the speed of the next upstream tension roller 202;301 and / or the peripheral speed of the last or only laminating roller 107;107' or a pair of laminating rollers 107;107'.

[0155] Alternatively or in addition to this, in a preferred configuration, the attached steps 100, 100 * In the second base material path 400 downstream of, optionally the adherend stage 100;100 * Between the calendaring mechanism 600 and the advantageous configuration, a closed-loop control device 406 (for example, illustrated in Figure 15 for all configurations) is provided with a dancer roller 407 that is spring-driven or force-shifted on a lever or guide perpendicular to the substrate path, for example, thereby compensating for fluctuations in web tension, and / or a module 100;100 located upstream or downstream. *The conveying speed of one or more of the 600 or, in particular, motor-driven web guide elements 202;308;401;502, can be adjusted, especially via the deflection of the dancer roller 407.

[0156] For all configurations and variations of the machine described herein, the attached stage 100;100 * In a substrate path located downstream of the first or last calendering mechanism 600;600, an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which a measuring station 408 for determining the thickness of the product continuum, particularly the total thickness, is provided in the product receiving section before the products are assembled into a product bundle 501 (for example, all configurations are illustrated in Figures 15 and 16).

[0157] In place of, or in addition to, the above-mentioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such or further cooling devices 402;504 may also be provided in the substrate path section or its frame associated with the product receiving section 500. Such cooling devices 504 may be formed, for example, by a substrate guide element 504 formed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504 in the second substrate path section 400 or structurally associated with the product receiving section 500 may also be formed by one or more continuously partially wound temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1;504.2.

[0158] In the improved configuration, for example, a sensor 508 for determining the temperature of the product 002, particularly the product continuum 002, may be provided downstream of the optionally provided cooling device 504, or in the substrate path downstream of the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600, but no later than before the feeder, for example before winding in the product recoiler 500. The sensor 508 may be formed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, particularly as a non-contact and / or radiation-operating temperature sensor 311, and / or, if the optionally provided cooling device 504, as a component of a control circuit for adjusting the temperature.

[0159] In a favorable configuration, the product receiving unit 500 is formed as a product recoiler 500, particularly in the form of a roll changer 500.

[0160] Preferably, the product recoiler 500 is qualified for nonstop roll replacement and / or comprises a base material guide element 502 formed as the above-mentioned motor-forced tension roller 502 and / or a base material guide element 503 in the form of a dancer roller 507 that is spring-biased or deflected by force on a lever or guide perpendicular to the base material path.

[0161] In order to ensure optimal substrate travel between the calendering mechanism 600, which may be provided, and winding on the product recoiler 500, in an advantageous configuration, substrate guide elements 401;502, formed as motor-driven tension rollers 401;502, may be provided in a second substrate path 400 or a section of the substrate path associated with the product recoiler 500. This may be provided, for example, in a tensioning mechanism 411;506 having, in addition to the tension rollers 401;502, a drive means, for example in the form of a servo motor, which drives the tension rollers 401;502 particularly independently of other tension rollers and is capable of closed-loop and / or open-loop control with respect to speed, and / or pressure rollers that can be pressed against the tension rollers 401;502 to increase friction.

[0162] In particular, in a machine configuration that is especially advantageous for stable and low-failure in-line continuous operation, for example, a machine equipped with a calendering mechanism 600, the first base material path section is from the feeding position from the base material roll 201 in the base material uncoiler 200 to the stage to be attached 100;100 * A first substrate path section located between the entry point to a single or first lamination gap 107;107' and a second substrate path section, the laminated step 100;100 * The position of the exit of the carrier substrate web, which has a dry film 003;003' on at least one side from the single or downstream last laminating gap 107;107', and the calendering mechanism 600;600 *In a configuration having the above, both the entry into the calendering gap between the two calendering rollers 601;602 and the second base material path section located between them are provided with at least one forced-transmission tension roller 202;308;401;502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208;307;409 for determining the web tension. Calendering mechanism 600;600 * In an advantageous improved form of the configuration having the above, a third base material path section located between the exit position from the calendering gap of the carrier base material web 006, which has dry film 003;003' on at least one side, and the winding position on the product roll 501 in the product recoiler 500, is also provided with a forced-transmission tension roller 502 and / or measuring roller 409;507 for determining the tension of the web.

[0163] Preferably, an open-loop control device for web tension (not shown herein) is provided, with measuring rollers 208;307;409 located at the inlet side of the first or second base material path section, respectively, and drive control devices located at the outlet side of the first or second base material path section, respectively, which control the roller drive of tension rollers 202;308;401 located at the first or second base material path section, and which in particular have data processing and / or electronic switching means, which are configured to construct and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two base material path sections, respectively, by corresponding control of drive control devices that drive one or more tension rollers 202;308;401 in each of the two base material path sections. In the improved configuration, the open-loop control device for web tension may be located at the inlet side, further comprising measuring rollers 409; 507 provided in the third base material path section, and at the outlet side, a drive control device for controlling the drive of the tension roller 512 of the tension roller 502 provided in the third base material path section may be located, and for example, the drive control device can similarly adjust a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference with respect to the base material path section located upstream.

[0164] Generally, especially the contacted stage 100;100 * Regarding the configuration of a machine that does not have a calendering mechanism downstream, the above description of the signal connection section and the open-loop control device for web tension with respect to the tension rollers 202;308;401;502 and measuring rollers 208;307;409 is also applicable to the feed section and the attached stage 100;100 * At least one measuring and / or at least one tension roller 208;307;202;308 in the first substrate path section between the first coating point and the applied step 100;100 * This configuration can be adapted or applied to a configuration having at least one measuring and / or at least one tension roller 409;507;401;502 in the substrate path section between the passage of the only or last point of dry film adhesion and the feed section in the roll recoiler 500.

[0165] The above-mentioned dance rollers 203;407;503 and a control circuit equipped therewith and incorporated into, for example, the above-mentioned open-loop control device for web tension, enable, for example, the compensation or adjustment of web tension fluctuations, and / or upstream or downstream modules 100;100 * The conveying speed of one or more motor-driven web guide elements 202;308;401;502, for example, the drive of an upstream-located substrate uncoiler 200 or a downstream-located substrate recoiler 500 or an upstream or downstream tension roller 202;308;401;502, can be adjusted, particularly via the deflection of the dancer roller 407. The dancer roller 407 is, for example, spring-biased on a lever or guide perpendicular to the substrate path, and is, in particular, forcefully pneumatically or elastically biased with respect to the effective direction of web tension of the substrate web 006 (or product continuum 002) that is looped around the roller.

[0166] The tension rollers 203;308;401;502 described above may be equipped with, for example, a drive motor, particularly a servo motor, capable of closed-loop control and / or open-loop control with respect to speed, and / or cooperate with one or more pressurizing elements, such as pressurizing rollers, to improve transport behavior, and / or be operated by motor drive depending on the position in the substrate path to generate or maintain upstream web tension, or by generator drive to generate or maintain downstream web tension, i.e., with a braking effect, and / or adjust the web tension and may be provided, for example, as an adjustment member in a control circuit incorporated into the open-loop control device relating to the web tension described above.

[0167] As an alternative to the configuration of the machine equipped with a product receiving section 500 formed as a roll recoiler 500, a particularly advantageous configuration may be provided with a cross-cutting device at the entrance of the second base material path 400 or the product receiving section 500, thereby enabling the product continuum 002 manufactured in the machine to be cross-cut within the product section 001. In this case, the product receiving section 500 is formed, for example, as a stack layer, and in particular as a multi-stack layer that lays multiple stacks in succession.

[0168] The above machines and / or apparatus 100;100 * In this configuration, for example, a dry film 003;003' with a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate is continuously provided on both sides of the web-shaped carrier substrate 006, so that the uncoated edges of the carrier substrate remain on both sides. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0169] 001 Product, final product, product category, electrode unit, electrode 002 Products, intermediate products, product continuum, electrode continuum 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free) 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free) 004 Materials, powders, powder mixtures (especially dry) 004' Materials, powders, powder mixtures (especially dry) 005 - 006 Carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current collector substrate, current collector sheet, web-shaped 007 Bond promoters or bond generators, primers, binders, adhesives 007' Bond promoters or bond generators, primers, binders, adhesives 008 Part, material strip, edge strip 100 Coating equipment, coating apparatus, adherend stage, module, lamination module, lamination unit 100 * Coating apparatus, coating apparatus, adherend stage, module, lamination module, lamination unit 101 Adhesion mechanism, first 101' Adhesion mechanism, second 102 Roller, first, measuring roller 102' Roller, 1st, Measuring Roller 103 Roller, second, laminating roller, opposing pressure roller 103' Roller, 2nd, Laminating Roller, Opposing Pressure Roller 104 gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, nip 104' gap, first, film formation gap, metering gap, roller gap, nip 105 - 106 Rollers, Opposing Pressure Rollers 106' Roller, Opposed Pressure Roller 107 Gap, second, adhesion gap, lamination gap 107' gap, second, adhesion gap, lamination gap 108 - 109 Adjustment drive device, adjustment means, position base 109' Adjustment drive device, adjustment means, position base 110 - 111 Adjustment drive device, adjustment means, force base 111' Adjustment drive device, adjustment means, force base 112 Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, linear bearing 112' Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, linear bearing 113 Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, triple race bearing 113' Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, triple race bearing 114 Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 114' Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 115 - 116 Removal device, doctor, side edge doctor 116' Removal device, doctor, side edge doctor 117 Collection equipment, collection tank 117' Collection device, collection tank 118 Rollers, further, calendering rollers 118' Roller, further, calendaring roller 119 Contact means, wedge-shaped stopper 120 - 121 Substrate guide element, guide roller, direction roller 122 Support, side part (lower frame) 122' Support, side part (lower frame) 123 Suction part 123' Suction part 124 Definition area, side shield 125 - 126 Injection and / or storage space 127 Material removal section 127' Material removal section 128 Frame (covered stage) 128.1 Partial frame, first 128.2 Partial frame, second 128.3 Partial frame, further or third 128.4 Partial frame, 4th 129 Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 129' Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 130 - 131 Frame wall 131.1 Frame wall 131.2 Frame wall 131.3 Frame wall 131.4 Frame wall 132 The drive means, stroke base, motor, and position are open-loop and / or closed-loop controllable. 132' Drive means, stroke base, motor, position can be controlled in open-loop and / or closed-loop. 133 The drive mechanism, force base, cylinder piston system, motor, and torque are capable of open-loop and / or closed-loop control. 133' Drive mechanism, force base, cylinder piston system, motor, torque capable of open-loop and / or closed-loop control. 134 Temperature control fluid conduit 135 - 136 Crossbeam, bottom plate 137 Transverse beam, transverse support 138 Guide section, rail piece, guide, rail 139 Support legs 140 - 141 Adjustment device, tensioning device, tensioning device 142 Piston Rod 143 Compression and / or tension plate 144 Compression and / or tension plate 145 Frame structure, bottom plate 146 Adjustment and / or driving means, adjustment drive device 147 Support Block 148 Driving means, rotary type, drive motor, capable of closed-loop or open-loop control with respect to speed, servo motor 149 Driving means, rotary type, drive motor, capable of closed-loop or open-loop control with respect to speed, servo motor 150 - 151 Bearings, radial bearings 153 Support points, rolling elements, sliding elements 154 Bearing surface 200 Substrate supply unit, substrate uncoiler, roll changer 201 Roll, Base Material Roll 202 Substrate guide element, roller, tension roller, forced transmission type 203 Substrate guide element, dancer roller 204 Web Edge Control Unit 205 - 206 Bonding device, bonding table 207. Tension mechanism, retraction mechanism 208 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 300 Base material path division, transport section, first, upstream side, supply side 301 Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, direction roller 302 Pre-treatment station, cleaning station, deionization station 303 Measurement Station (Carrier Substrate Thickness) 304 Pre-treatment station, application station 305 - 306 Pre-processing station, thermal and temperature control station, infrared radiation source 307 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 308 Substrate guide element, roller, tension roller, forced transmission type 309 Tensile mechanism 310 - 311 Sensor, Temperature Sensor 400 Substrate path division, transport section, second, downstream side, discharge side 401 Substrate guide element, roller, tension roller, forced transmission type 402 Cooling device 402 * Cooling device (alternative or additional) 403 Inspection equipment 404 Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, direction change roller 405 - 406 Closed-loop control device for web tension compensation and / or web tension 407 Dansarola 408 Measurement Station (Continuous Product Thickness) 409 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 410 - 411 Efficiency Mechanism 412 Defect Marking 500 Product receiving unit, product recoiler, roll changer 501 Product bundles, rolls, product rolls 502 Substrate guide element, tension roller, forced transmission type 503 Dansarola 504 Cooling device, substrate guide element, roller, cooling roller 504.1 Cooling roller 504.2 Cooling roller 505 - 506 Tensile Mechanism 507 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 508 Sensor, Temperature Sensor 600 Calendering mechanism, module, calendering module 600 * Calendar processing mechanism (alternative or additional), module, calendar processing module 601 Roller, Calendering Roller, First, Heated Type 601 * Roller, calendering roller, first (alternative or additional) 602 Roller, Calendering Roller, Second, Heated Type 602 * Roller, calendering roller, second (alternative or additional) 603 Frame (calendar processing mechanism) 700 Apparatus for supplying powdered materials, powder supply apparatus 700' Apparatus for supplying powdered materials, powder supply apparatus b Width b151 Support width d Thickness, layer thickness b003 width (003;003') b006 Width(006) b008 Width (008) d003 Thickness, layer thickness (003) d003' Thickness, layer thickness (003') d006 Thickness (006) d008 Thickness, layer thickness (008) G plane K-arc α angle, inclination R S Radius (rotational motion) S Swivel axis T S Conveying direction (product continuum 002, carrier base material 006)

Claims

1. Apparatus for coating carrier substrate (006) with powdered material (004) (100; 100 ＊ ) and at least one first adhesion mechanism (101; 101') comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103), wherein the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103) form a first roller gap (104; 104') in the nip between their circumferential surfaces which works for film formation, and the powdered material (004) can be transported through the first roller gap (104; 104'), at which time a first dry film (003) is formed, the first adhesion mechanism (101; 101') and the opposing pressure roller An apparatus (100;100) comprises a counter-pressure roller (103';106) which together with the second roller (103) or together with a further roller indirectly or directly following the second roller (103) downstream in the direction of material flow, forming a second roller gap (107), through which the carrier substrate (006) to be coated can be guided, and the first dry film (003) formed in the first roller gap (104;104') can be provided to the first surface, ＊ In this configuration, the first roller (102; 102'), the second roller (103), and the opposing pressure roller (103'; 106) are each supported on both sides by the frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3) of three different subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3), and the subframe (128.1) supporting the second roller (103) is fixedly positioned relative to the frame or space, and the first roller (102; 102') and the opposing pressure roller (103'; The partial frames (128.2; 128.3) supporting the 106) are each supported in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis (R103) of the second roller (103), and are supported in a positionally variable manner relative to the partial frames (128.1) which are fixedly positioned relative to the frame or space, and the distance between the rotation axis (R103) of the second roller (103) and the rotation axis (R102; R102') of the first roller (102; 102'), and the second roller The distance between the rotation axis (R103) of the roller (103) or the rotation axis of the further roller that follows downstream of the second roller (103), and / or the effective pressing force within the first roller gap between the circumferential surfaces of the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103), and the distance between the rotation axis of the opposing pressure roller (103'; 106) and the second roller (103) or the further roller that follows downstream of the second roller (103), and the effective pressing force within the first roller gap between the circumferential surfaces of the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103), and the distance between the rotation axis of the opposing pressure roller (103'; 106) and the second roller (103) or the further roller that follows downstream of the second roller (103). The apparatus (100;100) is characterized in that each of the following is supported such that an effective pressing force is available within the second roller gap (107) between the first roller (102;102') and the opposing pressure roller (103';106), and each of the displaceable partial frame (128.2;128.3) is provided with at least one adjusting drive device (109;109';111;111') each having an adjusting device (141) with a driving means (132;133), for adjusting the device (100;100) ＊ ).

2. The opposing pressure roller (103') is part of a second adhesion mechanism (101') as a laminating roller (103'), and the second adhesion mechanism (101') comprises a first roller (102') of the second adhesion mechanism (101'), and the first roller (102') together with the laminating roller (103') effective as the opposing pressure roller (103') or together with further rollers located between them of the second adhesion mechanism (101') forms a first roller gap (10 The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a 4'; 104) is formed, and a powdery material (004') can be conveyed through the first roller gap (104'; 104), at which time a second dry film (003') is formed, and the second dry film (003') can be adhered to the second surface of the carrier substrate (006) via the laminating roller (103') of the second adhesion mechanism (101') within the second roller gap (107).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the first roller (102') or further roller of the second adhesion mechanism (101') is supported in or in contact with the fourth partial frame (128.4), the fourth partial frame (128.4) is displaceable along an adjustment direction, the adjustment direction extending perpendicular to the rotation axis (R103) of the second roller (103) supported in or in contact with the partial frame (128.1) which is fixed with respect to space or the frame, and / or the rotation axis (R103') of the laminating roller (103') of the second adhesion mechanism (101').

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one adjusting drive device (109; 109'; 111; 111') is provided, which includes an adjusting device (141) having further driving means (132; 133) for adjusting the displaceable fourth partial frame (128.4).

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, for adjusting the partial frame (128.3) supporting the first roller (102; 102'), a position base adjustment drive device (109; 109') is provided, so that the first roller gap (104; 104') between the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103) is adjustable at least at the position base by the adjustment device (141) comprising the drive means (132; 133), that is, adjustable to a constant and / or specified gap width for the first roller gap (104; 104').

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, for adjusting the partial frame (128.2) supporting the opposing pressure rollers (103'; 106), a force-based adjusting drive device (109; 109') is provided, so that the second roller gap (107) between the second roller (103) of the first attachment mechanism (101) or the further rollers downstream and the opposing pressure rollers (103'; 106) is force-based adjustable by the adjusting device (141) equipped with the drive means (132; 133), that is, adjustable to a constant and / or specified pressing force or linear force.

7. Between two or each of two adjacent subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3), one or more adjustment devices (141) equipped with the driving means (132; 133) are provided, and the adjustment devices (141) thereby control the relative movement between the subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) and / or the first The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each working end of the adjusting device (141) acts on and is formed on adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) so as to introduce a tensile force that generates a pressing force between the rollers (102; 102') and the second rollers (103), or between the second rollers (103) or the further rollers and the opposing pressure rollers (103').

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, between the adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) of the first roller (102) and the second roller (103) which together form the first roller gap (104; 104'), and / or the second roller (103) which together form the second roller gap (107; 107'), or the further roller and the opposing pressure roller (103'; 106), there are one or more adjustment drive devices (109; 109') which are operated on a position basis by each adjustment device (141), that is, adjustable with respect to a desired position or location.

9. The apparatus according to claim 5 or 8, wherein the position-based adjustable drive device (109; 109') comprises, in addition to the drive means (132; 133) for generating an adjustable motion, at least one contact means (119) effective between both adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) and adjustable via the adjustment means (146), wherein the contact means (119) defines or can define at least one end position that restricts the adjustable motion in the direction of the contact position.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that between the adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) of the first roller (102) and the second roller (103) which together form the first roller gap (104; 104'), and / or the second roller (103) or the further roller and the opposing pressure roller (103'; 106), there are one or more adjustment drive devices (111; 111') which are force-operable by each adjustment device (141), that is, adjustable with respect to a desired adjustment force.

11. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the force-operable adjustment drive device (109; 109') has a force-operable and / or hydraulically operable cylinder piston system (133) as the drive means (132; 133).

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein the adjusting drive device (109; 109'; 11; 11') comprising the adjusting device (141) is configured to be selectively operable on a force basis or a position basis.

13. The first roller (102), the second roller (103), and the opposing pressure roller (103'; 106), supported within or in contact with the adjacent subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3), are supported via bearings (151) provided within the frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3), and at least one adjustment device (141) acts on each of the two or each of two adjacent subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3), which are variable in terms of their spacing and / or the contact force, with two working ends that are variable in terms of their spacing, and the two adjacent subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) The apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that the same plane (G) extending perpendicular to the rotation axis of at least one of the rollers, the first roller (102), the second roller (103), and the opposing pressure rollers (103'; 106), supported by 2; 128.3), intersects in the region of the working end with at least one working surface formed by the respective subframes and the respective effective support width (b151) in the axial direction of the first roller (102) and the second roller (103), or the second roller (103) and the opposing pressure rollers (103'; 106), supported by both subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3).

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that the drive means (133) is provided as a cylinder piston system (133) that acts between the two adjacent first rollers (102) and the second roller (103), and / or between the partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3) of the second roller (103) and the opposing pressure rollers (103'; 106), and is force-operable and / or capable of providing pressurized fluid and / or is hydraulically operable.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that each of the displaceable subframes (128.2; 128.3) is displaceable in the adjustment direction in the linear guide (112; 112').

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