Analysis system and method of operating the analysis system

Abstract

To properly implement a laser procedure.SOLUTION: A first light source emitter constituting an analysis system emits a first signal having a first spectrum. A second light source emitter constituting the analysis system emits a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. Each of the first and second light source emitters can be coupled to or included within a surgical scope. The analysis system further includes an optical sensor to detect a third signal returned from a surface of an object in response to the emitted second signal; and controller circuitry that compares at least one of a spectral signature of the third signal and reflected intensity of the third signal to at least one criterion, and when the at least one criterion is met, causes at least one of sending a warning to a user or adjusting a setting of the first light source emitter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an analysis system and an analysis method for analyzing reflected signals during diagnostic or therapeutic laser procedures.

Background Art

[0002] Laser procedures such as laser lithotripsy use a laser system that can irradiate and / or treat targets such as tumors or calculi ( "stones") or tissues within a patient's body using both visible and non-visible light. The use of laser energy during the procedure can be limited by concerns regarding the potential for stray laser energy to affect non-target tissues.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Laser energy can be used during medical procedures. In a laser lithotripsy procedure, a target such as a kidney stone can be reduced or excised so that fragments or powder from the stone can be naturally discharged from the body or so that the stone fragments can be removed from the body via a suction or retrieval device or the like. In other procedures, laser energy can be used to treat tissue by cutting the tissue, cauterizing a site, or the like. Targets such as stones or target tissues to be treated by cutting, cauterization, or other methods may be located near or surrounded by healthy non-target tissues that can be affected by stray laser energy.

[0004] Many surgical procedures may also utilize other medical devices, such as guidewires, made from materials like magnesium oxide (MgO), fluoropolymers such as Teflon®, stainless steel, nickel-titanium (also known as nitinol), polymers, plastics, or other similar glossy or highly light-reflective materials (compared to tissues such as ureteral tissue, bladder tissue, or kidney stones). Similarly, devices such as surgical stents or surgical screws may be formed from highly reflective materials and implanted in parts of the patient's body. When devices or other objects made from highly reflective materials are located in the same environment, area, or part of the body as laser fibers, using laser fibers may increase the likelihood that stray laser energy will be reflected off the highly reflective surface and affect healthy, non-target tissue.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an analytical system and analytical method that can perform laser treatment appropriately. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The inventors have recognized, among other things, that optical sensors or optical transducers and analyzers coupled to surgical scopes, such as in vivo insertable therapeutic or diagnostic endoscopes containing laser fibers, can be used to detect and analyze signals returned from the surface of an object. Specifically, the optical sensor may be configured to detect and analyze the absolute or relative reflected intensity or absolute or relative spectral signature of a signal (e.g., absolute or relative values ​​of the reflected intensity or spectral signature), or any characteristic of the spectral reflection returned from the surface of an object, as further described below. For example, when the reflected intensity of the signal returned from the surface of an object meets at least one criterion (e.g., below a lower threshold or above an upper threshold), a controller coupled to the optical sensor may respond by triggering a warning or notification (e.g., on a user interface), or the controller may adjust the laser emission (e.g., change the intensity of the laser irradiation or disable the laser emitter). Similarly, the spectral signature returned from the surface of an object may constitute several spectral intensities at a particular wavelength of interest. When such a spectral signature satisfies a similarity criterion (for example, with a spectral signature template of a known synthetic target in a library of such spectral signature templates), the controller coupled to the optical sensor may respond by causing a warning or notification to be provided (for example, on the user interface), or the controller may adjust the laser emission (for example, by changing the intensity of the laser irradiation or by disabling the laser emitter).

[0007] An analysis system for analyzing reflected signals during laser treatment may include a surgical scope, such as an endoscope. A first light source emitter may be coupled to or contained within the surgical scope. The first light source emitter may include a laser diode or any radiation source capable of emitting a first signal having a non-visible spectrum or wavelength capable of providing diagnostic or therapeutic radiation. The analysis system may further include a second light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope. In one example, the second light source emitter may include an endoscopic light source or any radiation source capable of emitting a second signal having a visible spectrum or wavelength. In another example, the second light source emitter may be an infrared (IR) light source having a radiation wavelength close to the radiation wavelength of the laser light source. Thus, the analysis system may include a laser emitter for emitting non-visible radiation or light, such as from or through a laser fiber, at wavelengths capable of performing diagnostic or therapeutic laser treatment; a visible light source, such as light attached to the scope for emitting visible light to illuminate a target, part of an anatomical structure, surgical field, etc.; and / or an IR light source.

[0008] The analysis system may also include an optical sensor. The optical sensor may be included as part of a machine or computer, spectrometer, etc., such as being coupled to a scope. The optical sensor may be configured to detect and analyze a third signal (e.g., a return signal) returned from the surface of an object in response to a second emitted or visible light signal. A controller circuit coupled to the optical sensor may be configured to warn the user and / or adjust the first signal or laser signal when the reflected intensity of the third signal falls below a lower threshold or exceeds an upper threshold. In one example, a spectrometer may be included to perform spectral analysis on the return signal. When the reflected intensity of the return signal exceeds the upper threshold, the controller circuit may cause the spectrometer to interrupt or terminate the spectral analysis of the return signal.

[0009] In this disclosure, the terms first signal, non-visible light signal, laser signal, or laser irradiation may be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the terms second signal, endoscopic light signal, and visible light signal may be used interchangeably, as may the terms third signal and return signal. Also, the terms first light source, aiming beam light source, first light source emitter, and laser emitter may be used interchangeably. Finally, the terms second light source emitter, visible light source, endoscopic light source, and visible light emitter may be used interchangeably. And, in some examples, the terms second light source emitter and IR light source emitter may be used interchangeably, with the IR light source replacing or adding to the visible light source.

[0010] In drawings that are not necessarily drawn to scale, similar reference numerals may represent similar components in different drawings. Similar numerals with different suffixes may represent different examples of similar components. Drawings generally illustrate various embodiments described herein as examples, not limitations. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] This figure shows an example of components within a laser system. [Figure 2] This figure shows an example of a graph of the reflection spectrum of a reflected signal from different material types. [Figure 3] This is an illustrative diagram of a method for analyzing reflected signals during medical procedures that can be inserted in vivo. [Figure 4] Block diagram showing an example of a machine in which one or more embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 5] This figure shows an example of a schematic diagram of an exemplary computer-based clinical decision support system (CDSS). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] This analysis system and method can help ensure the safe use of laser energy or laser irradiation by analyzing reflected signals detected during diagnostic or therapeutic laser procedures. Surgical laser procedures, such as laser lithotripsy, use laser energy to shrink or break up stones, cut, cauterize, or otherwise treat tissue, remove tumors, etc. Laser energy can potentially cause problems in other healthy tissues that may be near the target, such as stones, or adjacent to or surrounding the target tissue to be treated during the procedure. Certain types of lasers, such as green or blue lasers, can be particularly challenging because such lasers emit energy at wavelengths not absorbed by water, and therefore can cause unintended tissue effects if the energy comes into contact with non-target tissue. In fact, green and blue lasers are typically contained in special (and very expensive) laser fibers known as side-emitting lasers, which allow the energy to be emitted only at a 90-degree angle to better control where the laser energy is aimed. Even non-green or non-blue light lasers can affect non-target tissue if stray energy comes into contact with it. In procedures involving other medical devices such as stone capture devices (e.g., baskets), guidewires, and clamps, which are often made from highly reflective materials such as surgical stainless steel, fluoropolymers like Teflon®, and MgO, stray laser irradiation can deflect or bounce off objects and strike surrounding non-target tissue.

[0013] A surgical scope, such as an endoscope, may be equipped with an analysis system for analyzing reflected signals during laser treatment, which may include a laser light emitter and a visible light emitter. The laser light emitter may be coupled to a laser fiber coupled to the endoscopic system and may be configured to emit a first signal having a non-visible wavelength or spectrum (e.g., wavelengths in the range of 800 nanometers (nm) to 900 nm) for targeted diagnosis or treatment. The visible light emitter may be included on or attached to the endoscope and may be configured to emit a second signal having a visible light spectrum or wavelength (e.g., wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 750 nm). In some embodiments, an IR light source having an emission wavelength close to the emission wavelength of the laser light source may be optionally coupled to the endoscope. The visible light emitter and / or (IR) light source may be positioned, for example, near the laser light emitter, or to be emitted, for example, through a laser fiber. The visible light emitter and / or IR light source may be used to illuminate a target, part of an anatomical structure, or surgical field where a medical procedure is to be performed. Visible and / or IR light sources may be used to illuminate a target or object, and the reflection from the target or object in response may be analyzed spectroscopically or otherwise to determine one or more target properties, such as target composition or target size.

[0014] A photosensor coupled to at least one of a surgical fiber, a laser light emitter, a visible light emitter, or an endoscope may be configured to detect a third signal returned from the surface of an object (e.g., a target, medical device, implanted object, etc.) in response to a second or visible light signal emitted. The third signal from the object may be a reflected signal, a scattered signal (e.g., via Raman scattering), or fluorescence. A controller or controller circuit coupled to a light sensor may be configured to analyze the third signal and trigger an alert to be emitted or transmitted based on the analysis, so as to alert a user such as a physician when the reflected absolute or relative intensity of the third signal meets a criterion, and / or when the analysis of the absolute or relative spectral signature of the third signal meets a criterion. For example, an alert may be triggered when the reflected intensity of the third signal falls below a lower threshold or exceeds an upper threshold. A reflected intensity below the lower threshold may correspond to the absence of an object that reflects visible light, and a reflected intensity above the upper threshold may correspond to light being reflected by a highly reflective surface or object (e.g., a lithotripsy device). In another example, an alert may be triggered when the spectral intensity or spectral signature analysis of the third signal reveals information about the composition of a target or information about a change in the composition of a target. As mentioned above, this may involve calculating a similarity score for the spectral signature of the target in question by comparing it to the spectral signatures of one or more templates (e.g., corresponding to different compositions) that can be stored in a library for later comparison.

[0015] In one example, a warning may be visual, such as illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED) or button on the endoscope (e.g., a button or LED on the handpiece), flashing or changing the color of a visible light signal, or any combination thereof, displayed on a graphical user interface (GUI) or monitor connected to the analysis system. In another example, a warning may be tactile, such as vibrating the handpiece of the endoscope, or audible, such as emitting sound through a speaker on the handpiece, GUI, etc. Additional or alternative, warnings may be transmitted as one or more visual warnings, one or more tactile warnings, and / or one or more audible warnings, as requested.

[0016] Warnings to physicians provide them with options such as adjusting the laser intensity, turning off the laser emission, or accepting the altered settings for the laser emission. Alternatively, in some examples, the controller circuit can trigger automatic adjustment of the laser emitter based on the reflected intensity. For instance, the controller circuit could trigger a change in the laser emission intensity, disable or lock the laser emitter, or otherwise suppress or prevent laser emission until the reflected intensity falls between a lower and upper threshold.

[0017] Such analytical systems can lead to safer medical procedures by reducing or preventing unintended tissue effects, which can result in better and / or faster patient recovery. Furthermore, blue and green light lasers can be used in non-side-emitting laser fibers because they do not emit laser radiation unless the appropriate or intended target is reflecting visible light, thereby reducing the cost of the laser fiber. In addition, using fully automated systems where artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) driven systems control the laser output can lead to more efficient medical procedures because the system can react faster than a human user.

[0018] Figure 1 shows an example of components within the laser system 100. The laser system 100 corresponds to an analytical system according to the present invention and may be coupled to an endoscopic system, such as an in vivo insertable therapeutic or diagnostic endoscopic system, for performing a diagnosis or treatment of a patient. An example of how the laser system 100 may be connected to an endoscopic system can be found in U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 984,447, which incorporates its entirety. In the example shown in Figure 1, the laser system 100 may include a light source 118 (e.g., a laser module or component) corresponding to a first light source emitter according to the present invention, the light source 118 may emit a signal, such as a laser beam, to excise tissue, break up stones (e.g., kidney stones or gallstones), or perform any appropriate therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, and may emit a signal in the visible or non-visible spectrum. The light source 118 may be connected to a laser fiber 120, through which it may emit a laser beam, and the laser fiber 120 may be connected to an optical coupler or other housing which may contain various optical components (such as those described below).

[0019] Optionally, a targeting beam 104 emitted from a targeting beam source 116 (corresponding to a second light source emitter according to the present invention) can indicate, mark, etc., the location to be targeted (or should be targeted), the location to be emitted, the location to be transmitted, etc., by the light from the light source 118 (for example, when light or irradiation from the targeting beam is emitted in the visible spectrum). A first optical component 102 (e.g., a filter) can be located at the output of the targeting beam source 116 and may be at least equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the targeting beam 104. The first optical component 102 can remove sources of noise (e.g., spectral spread of the dominant frequency / wavelength of the targeting beam 104), which can significantly improve the signal detected from the target or object 106.

[0020] Therefore, in the example of Figure 1, the signal emitted from the targeting beam source 116 may be filtered, attenuated, blocked, polarized, or otherwise affected by the first optical component 102 so that only signals of the desired wavelength and intensity are emitted from the surgical fiber 108 and reach the object 106. In one example, at least a portion of the signal emitted from the surgical fiber 108 may be reflected back from the object 106 (as indicated by the arrows). The laser system 100 may further include one or more additional optical components (e.g., a second optical component), such as one or more notch filters 110 and 112 (or any suitable filters) located in the optical path between the object 106 and the spectrometer and / or analyzer located in the feedback component 114. The notch filters 110 and 112 may be used to remove reflected signals that are reflected back from the object 106 at a frequency or wavelength around, near, or substantially close to, the frequency or wavelength of the targeting beam 104.

[0021] In one example, the object 106 can be a calculus or stone to be treated during a medical procedure. In some cases, the object 106 can be a medical device or an implanted device within the patient, a part of non-target tissue, etc. At least a portion of the aiming beam 104 and / or light from an endoscopic light source such as one or more light emitting diodes or a xenon light source (not shown) can be reflected by the object 106. Such a reflected light signal 122 can travel towards and return into the surgical fiber 108 and the laser fiber 120, where the reflected light signal 122 is deflected, refracted, dispersed, or otherwise induced or conditioned by one or more optical components (e.g., lenses, filters, etc.), and can ultimately be induced to the feedback component 114, which can include or be connected to one or more of a phototransducer, a photosensor, a spectrometer, an analyzer, or other circuits or components capable of detecting and / or analyzing the reflected light signal 122. The feedback component 114 can be included in or connected to a machine or a computer, such as those described below with respect to FIG. 4.

[0022] The reflected light signal 122 from the object 106 can be analyzed to determine the spectral signature of the reflected light signal 122. For example, the spectral signature can include the reflection intensity at each of different specific lights or signal wavelengths in the spectrum, or alternatively, the spectral signature can include the ratio of the wavelength intensities at different wavelengths, the shape of the spectral signal in the spectrum, etc. In one example, a controller circuit coupled to the feedback component 114 can use the absolute or relative value of the peak intensity of the reflected light signal 122 to determine whether criteria such as the value of the reflection intensity falls below a lower threshold or above an upper threshold are met. In response to one or both of these determinations, the controller circuit can provide a notification such as a warning to the physician, or can adjust the intensity of the laser signal, disable or lock the laser emitter, recommend a new laser setting to the physician, or combinations thereof.

[0023] In such an example, the reflected intensity of the reflected light signal 122 exceeding the upper threshold value can correspond to an object 106 that is highly reflective, such as being composed of materials such as magnesium oxide (MgO), metal, stainless steel, nitinol, fluoropolymers such as Teflon (registered trademark), polymers, plastics, or combinations thereof. In an example where the object 106 is a medical device (e.g., a basket), the laser system 100 can stop the laser emission, warn the physician not to start the laser emission, or recommend that the physician stop or not start the laser emission. Additionally or alternatively, in such an example, the laser system 100 can disable, terminate, or prevent the laser emission until, for example, the laser fiber 120 and / or the surgical fiber 108 are directed outside the object 106, as may be indicated by a corresponding decrease in the intensity of the reflected light. On the other hand, in a specific medical procedure such as the removal of a surgical mesh, if it is determined that the object 106 should be cut, the laser system 100 can adjust the intensity of the laser emission or recommend a specific intensity value or range of the laser emission to the user for cutting the object 106 using the laser while reducing or minimizing the risk of causing damage to the surrounding tissue.

[0024] The reflection intensity of the reflected light signal 122 falling below a lower threshold (or the absence of a reflected signal) can correspond to the failure to detect a target or object, such as when the light signal from the aiming beam 104 and / or the endoscopic light source (not shown) is reflected by water or tissue with low reflectivity. In such cases, the laser system 100 can lock, disable, stop, etc., one or more laser emission sources (e.g., a green light laser emitter or a blue light laser emitter, or an emitter of any laser emitting a signal with a wavelength that is not absorbed or poorly absorbed by water) 118 until the laser fiber 120 and / or the surgical fiber 108 can be repositioned. Thus, in one example, the laser system 100 can be configured to operate partially automatically, in that it can monitor the reflection intensity of the return signal and warn or notify the physician or other users of the laser system 100 of the presence of a highly reflective object (e.g., a basket) or a low-reflective object (e.g., water) in the path of the laser beam. Optionally, the laser system 100 may recommend a series of actions to the physician, either additionally or alternatively. Alternatively, the laser system 100 may be configured to operate fully automatically so as to be able to respond appropriately when the reflected intensity exceeds an upper threshold or falls below a lower threshold. This response of the laser system 100 may include reducing the intensity or output of the laser radiation, locking, disabling, or preventing the laser radiation, causing the endoscope, laser fiber, and / or surgical fiber to be repositioned, or taking any other appropriate corrective action. The laser system 100 may be included in an endoscope system and may comprise one or more laser emitters (e.g., laser diodes), one or more aiming beam sources, and / or one or more visible light emitters. Thus, signals from the laser or non-visible light emitters and / or visible light emitters may be transmitted toward the object 106 through the laser fiber 120 and the surgical fiber 108.

[0025] Figure 2 shows an example of graph 200 of the reflection spectra of reflected signals from different material types. As shown in graph 200, when light in the visible wavelength range (e.g., 400 nm to 750 nm) is reflected from a highly reflective material, such as an object formed from MgO, a much higher intensity reflection spectrum exists. In Figure 2, this is as shown by the highly reflective material reflection spectrum 202, in contrast to the ureteral tissue reflection spectrum 204, the bladder tissue reflection spectrum 206, and the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stone reflection spectrum 208. In one example, upper and lower thresholds may be determined by the type of procedure and may be based on known reflection spectral signatures (e.g., intensity values). For example, when the procedure is a bladder procedure performed in the bladder, the upper threshold may be set relative to the peak in the bladder tissue reflection spectrum 206. In this case, the upper threshold can be set such that any reflection intensity value exceeding the peak value of the bladder tissue reflection spectrum 206 can trigger a warning or notification to the user, or cause adjustment or disabling of the laser emitter. In graph 200, the ureteral tissue reflection spectrum 204 has a higher peak intensity than the bladder tissue reflection spectrum 206. Therefore, the upper threshold for procedures involving the ureter can be adjusted to be higher than the upper threshold for procedures involving only the bladder.

[0026] Therefore, similar to the difference between the stone identified using the optical sensor and the tissue feedback, the "signature" or reflected frequency feedback of a glossy or highly reflective object can also be observed and analyzed by the processing unit or processing circuit. When the laser system 100 identifies such a spectral reflectance signature (e.g., the highly reflective material shown in Figure 2), the energy output from the laser may be automatically stopped or reduced by the laser system 100, or a warning (e.g., audible, visual, and / or perceptual) to alert the user may be issued as described above, or any combination thereof may be performed or initiated. In some cases, the laser adjustment may be overturned at the physician's discretion. However, any warning and / or adjustment provides an additional layer of safety and can significantly reduce the impact on non-targets that may be caused by stray, reflected energy leakage.

[0027] Figure 3 shows an example diagram of analysis method 300 for analyzing reflex signals during an in vivo insertable medical procedure. Analysis method 300 may include several actions or steps (302-310). These actions are illustrative, and the way they are performed may, as needed or desired, omit one or more of the listed actions, repeat actions, include other actions, or perform actions simultaneously, substantially simultaneously, or in a different order.

[0028] In 302, a first signal having a first spectrum (e.g., invisible spectrum) or wavelength can be emitted from a first light source emitter (e.g., laser source) contained within a surgical scope such as an endoscope. For example, the first light source emitter may be configured to emit light at wavelengths in the range of 800 nm to 900 nm (or any appropriate or desired wavelength or wavelength range). The first signal may be emitted through a laser and / or surgical fiber coupled to the medical scope toward a target which may be an object such as a kidney stone or gallstone, tumor, tissue fragment, or any similar target located in the patient's body during an in vivo insertable medical procedure. The target may also correspond to a medical device such as a guidewire or clamp, or to an implantable device such as a stent or screw. The first light source emitter may include a laser capable of emitting laser light (e.g., a green or blue laser). The laser light may be emitted from a laser diode which can be used as a therapeutic laser (e.g., an ablation laser) during a medical procedure.

[0029] In 304, a second signal having a second spectrum (e.g., the visible spectrum) or wavelength can be emitted from a second light source emitter that is contained within the surgical scope, attached to the surgical scope, or coupled to the surgical scope. In one example, the second light source emitter may be configured to emit light having a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 750 nm, or any suitable visible wavelength. The second light source emitter may be connected to a surgical fiber and / or laser fiber so that the second signal can be emitted through the laser and / or surgical fiber (e.g., through the aiming beam channel of the laser fiber). Alternatively, the second light source emitter may be a light source for the surgical scope (such as an endoscopic light source) coupled to or attached to the physical scope. Thus, the first signal (laser signal) and the second signal (visible light signal) may be emitted independently of each other (e.g., the visible light signal may be emitted before the laser signal), simultaneously, or alternately. For example, a visible light signal may be emitted while the laser light signal is pulsed, such as when the laser is pulsed "off". Therefore, the laser signal and the visible light signal may be emitted at any desired or appropriate time during a medical procedure, and the sequence of laser and visible light emission may differ during different medical procedures.

[0030] In another example, a laser signal and / or a visible light signal may be emitted as a “check pulse.” For example, such a check pulse may include a low power of the laser signal or a combination of the laser signal and a visible light signal. The check pulse may be emitted and used to help ensure that no further full power is likely to be reflected. This may help further limit potential damage from reflected energy. The check pulse may last for less than a second, such as tens of microseconds, hundreds of milliseconds, nanoseconds, or any desired or appropriate length of time. As an addition or alternative, an additional infrared (IR) light source with an emission intensity or wavelength close to the emission intensity or wavelength of the laser emitter may be used to check for reflection from the target. IR light emission may be performed before any laser power without the risk of stray laser radiation affecting non-target tissue.

[0031] In 306, a third signal can be returned from the surface of the object. The third signal from the object may include reflected signals, scattered signals (e.g., via Raman scattering), fluorescence signals, etc. For example, at least a portion of the first signal emitted in 302 and / or the second signal emitted in 304 may be reflected back from the object. The object may include targets such as calculi, tissue from a part of the patient's anatomical structure, medical devices used in a medical procedure (e.g., guidewires), implantable devices such as stents, or any object or target that may be encountered during the procedure.

[0032] In 308, at least one of the spectral signature or reflected intensity of the third signal can be compared to a reference. For example, the returned third signal may be analyzed to determine the reflected relative or absolute intensity of the third signal. Additionally or alternatively, the absolute or relative spectral intensity or spectral signature of the third signal across various spectral wavelengths may be analyzed to determine one or more properties of an object, such as the material composition of the object. In 310, in response to at least one criterion being met, such as the spectral signature indicating that radiation from the first light source emitter to an object will cause undesirable damage or effect, or the reflected intensity of the third signal falling below a lower threshold or exceeding an upper threshold, a warning can be communicated to a physician or other user, and / or adjustments can be made to the laser signal, via a user interface or the like. For example, a warning to a physician may include an audible warning such as an audible alarm or signal, and a warning may include a visual warning such as flashing the aiming beam or other visible light, changing the color of the illumination light, aiming light, or other visible light, or communicating a text warning to a graphical user interface such as a monitor or display. Additionally or alternatively, a warning may be tactile, such as by vibrating the handpiece of the medical scope, or may be a combination of audible, visual, or tactile warnings.

[0033] In addition to, or in conjunction with, a warning, the laser signal may be adjusted to be obtained based on the reflected intensity of a third signal. For example, as described above, to correspond to the reflection of a visible light signal by a highly reflective object, when the reflected intensity of the third signal exceeds an upper threshold, the intensity of the laser signal may be changed (reduced or reduced), or the laser emitter may be completely disabled. This may be done automatically and selectively, without requiring user input or confirmation. In one example, the adjustment may include providing a recommendation to be communicated to the user, suggesting that the user reduce the laser intensity. For example, such a recommendation may include one or more recommended settings for the laser emitter to be changed, which the user can accept or reject as desired, and such settings may be changed according to such user input. In such an example, the recommended settings may be included as part of a visual warning, or in combination with an audible warning, through a displayed notification box, etc., which pops up on the user interface with a chime, beep, or other sound. In another example, the laser system 100 may automatically implement the changes, for example, by using a controller circuit, or other components of a computer or machine, as described below with respect to Figure 4. In some surgical procedures, such as the removal of previously implanted surgical mesh, a reflected signal with high reflectivity may indicate the presence of an object to be cut by the laser. In such cases, the laser emitter may be activated or enabled to cause, for example, the emission of a laser beam or irradiation of an appropriate amount or intensity toward the target in order to perform such laser cutting. Thus, the intensity value of the reflected signal may be used to determine whether the laser emission should be enabled or disabled, and / or at what intensity the laser irradiation should be emitted, whether this is done automatically without requiring user intervention, by a controller circuit, or as a recommendation for the user to accept or reject.

[0034] Figure 4 is a block diagram of an example of machine 400 in which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) described herein can function. Machine 400 corresponds to an analysis system according to the present invention and can operate as a standalone device or can be connected to other machines (e.g., network connected). For example, machine 400 may be coupled to or connected to an optical sensor and / or controller circuit to cause the controller circuit and / or optical sensor to perform one or more of the operations described above. In another example, machine 400 may include a controller circuit or an optical sensor as part of its architecture. In a network-connected deployment, machine 400 can operate as a server machine, a client machine, or both in a server-client network environment. In one example, machine 400 can function as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. Machine 400 could be a personal computer (PC), tablet PC, set-top box (STB), personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, web appliance, network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequentially or otherwise) that specify the actions to be performed by such machine. Furthermore, although only a single machine is shown, the term “machine” should also be interpreted to include any set of machines that individually or collectively execute a set (or set) of instructions in order to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configurations.

[0035] The examples described herein may include or be operated by logic or several components or mechanisms. A circuit set is a collection of circuits implemented in a tangible entity, including hardware (e.g., simple circuits, gates, logic, etc.). Circuit set membership may be flexible over time and subject to hardware variability. A circuit set includes members that, individually or in combination, can perform a specified operation when in operation. In one example, the hardware of a circuit set may be designed immutably to perform a particular operation (e.g., hardwiring). In another example, the hardware of a circuit set may include variable-connected physical components (e.g., execution units, transistors, simple circuits, etc.), including a computer-readable medium that is physically modified to encode instructions for a particular operation (e.g., a magnetically, electrically, or movable arrangement of immutable aggregated particles). When connecting physical components, the underlying electrical properties of the hardware configuration are changed, for example, from an insulator to a conductor, or vice versa. The instructions allow embedded hardware (e.g., an execution unit or loading mechanism) to create members of the circuit set in the hardware via variable connections to perform a particular part of an operation during operation. Therefore, the computer-readable medium is communicatively coupled to other components of the circuit set members when the device is operating. In one example, any of the physical components may be used in two or more members of two or more circuit sets. For example, under operation, an execution unit may be used in a first circuit of a first circuit set at one point in time, and then reused by a second circuit in the first circuit set, or at a different point in time by a third circuit in the second circuit set.

[0036] The machine 400 (e.g., a computer system) may include a hardware processor 402 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof), main memory 404, and static memory 406, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., a bus) 430. The machine 400 may further include a display unit 410, an alphanumeric input device 412 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 414 (e.g., a mouse). In one example, the display device 410, the input device 412, and the UI navigation device 414 may be touchscreen displays. The machine 400 may further include a mass storage 408 (e.g., a drive unit), a signal generating device 418 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 420, and one or more sensors 416 such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensors. The machine 400 may also include an output controller 428 for communicating with or controlling one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.) via a series connection (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB)), a parallel connection, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near-field communication (NFC)) connection.

[0037] The mass storage 408 may include a machine-readable medium 422 in which one or more sets of data structures or instructions 424 (e.g., software) are stored, which embody or are used by one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 424 may also reside, all or at least partially, in the main memory 404, static memory 406, or hardware processor 402 during their execution by the machine 400. In one example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 402, main memory 404, static memory 406, or mass storage 408 may constitute the machine-readable medium.

[0038] Although the machine-readable medium 422 is shown as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single or multiple mediums configured to store one or more instructions 424 (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and / or associated caches and servers).

[0039] The term “machine-readable medium” can include any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by machine 400, causing machine 400 to execute one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable mediums include solid-state memory, as well as optical and magnetic media. In one example, the aggregated machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium having a plurality of particles having immutable (e.g., stationary) mass. Thus, the aggregated machine-readable medium is not a transient propagating signal. Specific examples of aggregated machine-readable mediums can include non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, as well as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

[0040] Instruction 424 may further be transmitted or received over a communication network 426 using a transmission medium via a network interface device 420 that utilizes one of several transport protocols (e.g., Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.). Illustrative communication networks may include, among others, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), packet data networks (e.g., the Internet), mobile phone networks (e.g., cellular networks), basic telephone service (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 families of standards, known as Wi-Fi®), the IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. For example, the network interface device 420 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas for connecting to the communication network 426. For example, the network interface device 420 may include multiple antennas for wireless communication using at least one of the following techniques: single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO). The term “transmission medium” is to be interpreted as including any tangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 400, including digital or analog communication signals or other tangible mediums for facilitating the communication of such software.

[0041] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary computer-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) 500, which may be configured to determine information or characteristics of an object based on the reflected intensity of a signal returned from that object. The information or characteristics of the object may include material composition (such as whether the object is made from a material such as stainless steel, magnesium oxide, or polymer), and based on that composition, recommended, optimal, or ideal settings for the laser used during a laser procedure (such as ideal laser intensity, whether the laser emitter should be disabled, etc.) can be determined. The CDSS 500 may also adjust one or more settings or recommend adjustments to one or more laser settings to the physician. The CDSS 500 may include an input interface 502, where parameters such as the size of the surgical fiber, information about the light source, information about the optical components, and / or information about the scope specific to the patient procedure may be provided to an artificial intelligence (AI) model 504 as input features; a processor that performs inference operations in which the parameters are applied to the AI ​​model to generate a determination of the object's composition and one or more adjusted laser settings; and an output interface 508, to which the determined composition and adjusted settings can be communicated to a user, such as a clinician.

[0042] The input interface 502 may include a direct data link between the CDSS 500 and one or more medical devices that generate at least some of the input features. For example, the input interface 502 can transmit information about light sources and / or optical components (e.g., the frequency or wavelength of signals from a light source or aiming beam source), or information about signals returned directly from an object to the CDSS 500 during a therapeutic and / or diagnostic medical procedure. In one example, information about light sources and / or optical components, scopes, etc., used during a procedure may be stored in the database 506. Additionally or alternatively, the input interface 502 may be a classic user interface that facilitates interaction between the user and the CDSS 500. For example, the input interface 502 may facilitate a user interface in which the user can manually input information about surgical fibers, scopes, optical components, signals for blocking or allowing, reflectance thresholds, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the input interface 502 may provide the CDSS 500 with access to an electronic patient record or components used during a procedure from which one or more input features can be extracted. In any of these cases, the input interface 502 may be configured to collect one or more of the following input features in relation to one or more of a particular patient, type of medical procedure, type of scope, reflectance threshold, etc., at the time when the CDSS 500 is used to assess the input features, or before that time occurs.

[0043] An example of an input feature could include the type of surgical fiber to be used during the procedure.

[0044] An example of an input feature could be the type of light or laser source.

[0045] One example of an input feature could be the type of scope being used during the procedure.

[0046] An example of an input feature may include the wavelength or frequency of an optical and / or laser source.

[0047] An example of an input feature could include an upper threshold for reflection intensity.

[0048] An example of an input feature could include a lower threshold for reflection intensity.

[0049] An example of an input feature may include signal information of the return signal 512 received by the optical sensor 510 from a target or object.

[0050] Based on one or more of the above input features, the processor can use the AI ​​model 504 to perform inference operations to generate a determined composition of an object from which a signal based on reflectance is returned, and a determined ideal or optimal laser setting, and can make any adjustments necessary for the current laser setting. For example, the input interface 502 can deliver one or more of the above-listed input features to the input layer of the AI ​​model 504, which propagates these input features to the output layer through the AI ​​model 504. The AI ​​model 504 can provide a computer system with the ability to perform tasks without being explicitly programmed by performing inferences based on patterns found in the analysis of data. The AI ​​model 504 explores the study and construction of algorithms (e.g., machine learning algorithms) that can learn from existing data and make predictions about new data. Such algorithms work by building an AI model from exemplary training data to make data-driven predictions or decisions, which are expressed as outputs or assessments.

[0051] Two modes of machine learning (ML) can be considered: supervised ML and unsupervised ML. Supervised ML learns relationships between inputs and outputs using prior knowledge (e.g., correlating inputs to outputs or results). The goal of supervised ML is to learn a function that, given some training data, best approximates the relationship between a training input and a training output, so that the ML model can implement the same relationship when given inputs to produce the corresponding output. Unsupervised ML is the training of an ML algorithm using information that has not been classified or labeled, which allows the algorithm to act on that information without guidance. Unsupervised ML is useful for exploratory analysis because it can automatically identify structures in the data.

[0052] Tasks for supervised ML can include classification and regression problems. Classification problems, also called categorical classification problems, aim to classify items into one of several categorical values ​​(e.g., is this object an apple or an orange?). Regression algorithms aim to quantify several items (e.g., by assigning a score to some input value). Some examples of supervised ML algorithms are logistic regression (LR), naive Bayes, random forest (RF), neural networks (NN), deep neural networks (DNN), matrix factorization, and support vector machines (SVM).

[0053] Some possible tasks for unsupervised ML include clustering, representation learning, and density estimation. Some examples of unsupervised ML algorithms are K-means clustering, principal component analysis, and autoencoders.

[0054] Another type of machine learning is federative learning (also known as collaborative learning), which trains algorithms across multiple decentralized devices that hold local data without exchanging data. This approach contrasts with traditional centralized machine learning techniques where all local datasets are uploaded to a single server, as well as more classical decentralized techniques that often assume local data samples are identically distributed. Federative learning enables multiple parties to build a common, robust machine learning model without sharing data, and thus allows for addressing critical issues such as data privacy, data security, data access rights, and access to heterogeneous data.

[0055] In some examples, the AI ​​model 504 may be trained continuously or periodically before the processor performs an inference operation. Then, during the inference operation, patient-specific input features provided to the AI ​​model 504 may be propagated from the input layer, through one or more hidden layers, to the output layer corresponding to information about the object. For example, when evaluating the reflected intensity of a signal from a target, the system may determine one or more properties of the object and determine the laser settings that should be used and / or adjusted based on one or more properties.

[0056] During and / or following the inference operation, information about the object may be communicated to the user via the output interface 508 (e.g., the user interface (UI)) and / or cause the surgical laser connected to the processor to automatically perform the desired action. For example, if the system determines, based on the object's composition, that the object is a kidney stone, the system can cause the surgical laser to emit energy to excise the stone, adjust the amount of excision energy, move a portion of the scope, etc. Conversely, if the system determines that the object is a non-target (e.g., not part of a medical procedure) or a guidewire or medical instrument representing non-target tissue, the system can disable the laser emitter, cause the surgical fiber to be repositioned, or take any other appropriate steps to limit or reduce the possibility of stray irradiation energy coming into contact with the object.

[0057] Additional notes and examples Embodiment 1 is an analysis system for determining the properties of an object during laser treatment, the analysis system comprising: a surgical scope; a first light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope and configured to emit a first signal having a first spectrum; a second light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope and configured to emit a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; a photosensor configured to detect a third signal returned from the surface of an object in response to the emitted second signal; and a controller circuit coupled to the photosensor, configured to (i) compare at least one of the spectral signature of the third signal or the reflected intensity of the third signal with at least one criterion, and when at least one criterion is met, to cause (ii) to send a warning to the user or adjust the settings of the first light source emitter.

[0058] In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 optionally includes the fact that at least one criterion includes an indication in the spectral signature that radiation from the first light source emitter to an object results in undesirable damage.

[0059] In Example 3, one or more subjects from Examples 1 to 2 optionally include a criterion that at least one criterion includes a determination that the reflected intensity of the third signal is below a lower threshold or above an upper threshold.

[0060] In Example 4, the subject of Example 3 optionally includes the condition that the reflection intensity of the third signal exceeds an upper threshold, which corresponds to the object being composed of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), stainless steel, nitinol, fluoropolymer, polymer, or plastic.

[0061] In Example 5, one or more themes from Examples 1 to 4 optionally include that the warning includes a visual warning, and the visual warning includes at least one of causing a second light source emitter to flash a second signal or causing a second light source emitter to change the color of a second signal.

[0062] In Example 6, one or more themes from Examples 1 to 5 optionally include that the surgical scope is an endoscope and the second light source emitter is a visible light source connected to or included on the endoscope.

[0063] In Example 7, the subject of Example 6 optionally includes the configuration in which the second light source emitter emits light having a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 750 nm.

[0064] In Example 8, one or more subjects from Examples 1 to 7 optionally include a first light source emitter comprising at least one of a laser light source or a aiming beam light source that is emitted through a surgical fiber connected to a surgical scope.

[0065] In Example 9, the subject matter of Example 8 optionally includes the first light source emitter comprising at least one of a blue light laser or a green light laser.

[0066] In Example 10, one or more subjects from Examples 8 to 9 optionally include a second light source emitter comprising at least one of a visible light source or an infrared (IR) light source connected to a surgical fiber so that a second signal is emitted through the surgical fiber.

[0067] In Example 11, any one or more subjects from Examples 8 to 10 optionally include the configuration in which the first light source emitter emits light having a wavelength in the range of 800 nm to 900 nm.

[0068] In Example 12, one or more themes from Examples 1 to 11 optionally include adjusting the settings of the first light source emitter, which includes at least one of changing the intensity of the first signal or disabling the first light source emitter.

[0069] In Example 13, one or more subjects from Examples 1 to 12 optionally include a spectrometer configured to perform spectral analysis of a third signal, wherein a controller circuit causes the spectrometer to interrupt or terminate the spectral analysis of the third signal in response to the reflectance intensity of the third signal meeting at least one criterion.

[0070] Example 14 is an analysis method for determining the properties of an object during laser treatment, the analysis method comprising: emitting a first signal having a first spectrum from a first light source emitter coupled to or contained within a surgical scope; emitting a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum from a second light source emitter coupled to or contained within a surgical scope; receiving a third signal returned from the surface of the object in response to the emitted second signal in a photosensor connected to the surgical scope; comparing at least one of the spectral signature or reflectance of the received third signal with at least one criterion using the photosensor; and, when at least one criterion is met, sending a warning to the user or adjusting the settings of the first light source emitter.

[0071] In Example 15, the subject of Example 14 optionally includes adjusting the settings of the first light source emitter, which includes at least one of changing the intensity of the first signal or disabling the first light source emitter.

[0072] In Example 16, one or more subjects from Examples 14 to 15 optionally include a criterion in the spectral signature indicating that radiation from a first light source emitter to an object results in undesirable damage.

[0073] Example 17 optionally includes that any one or more themes from Examples 14 to 16 include emitting at least one of the first signal or the second signal by pulsing at least one of the first light source emitter or the second light source emitter for a period of time.

[0074] Embodiment 18 is an analysis system for determining the properties of an object during laser treatment, the analysis system comprising a processor, a user interface (UI), and a memory containing instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform actions such as: emitting a first signal having a first spectrum from a first light source emitter coupled to or contained within a surgical scope; emitting a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum from a second light source emitter coupled to or contained within a surgical scope; receiving a third signal returned from the surface of an object in a photosensor connected to the surgical scope in response to the emitted second signal; comparing at least one of the spectral signature or reflectance of the third signal with at least one criterion using the photosensor; and causing a warning to be sent to the UI or the settings of the first light source emitter to be adjusted when at least one criterion is met, the at least one criterion includes an indication in the spectral signature that the emission from the first light source emitter would cause undesirable damage.

[0075] In Example 19, the subject of Example 18 optionally includes a first light source emitter comprising a laser light source or a aiming beam light source emitted through a surgical fiber connected to a surgical scope, and a second light source emitter comprising at least one of a visible light source or an infrared (IR) light source connected to a surgical fiber so that a second signal is emitted through the surgical fiber.

[0076] In Example 20, one or more subjects from Examples 18 to 19 optionally include the first light source emitter comprising at least one of a blue light laser or a green light laser.

[0077] The embodiments for carrying out the above invention include references to accompanying drawings that form part of the embodiments for carrying out the invention. The drawings illustrate, as examples, specific embodiments that may be carried out. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples.” Such examples may include elements in addition to those illustrated or described. However, the inventors also intend examples in which only the illustrated or described elements are provided. Furthermore, the inventors also intend examples in which any combination or substitution of the illustrated or described elements (or one or more embodiments thereof) is used, either with respect to a particular example (or one or more embodiments thereof) or with respect to other examples (or one or more embodiments thereof) illustrated or described herein.

[0078] All publications, patents, and patent documents referenced herein are incorporated herein by reference in whole, as if they were individually incorporated by reference. In the event of any inconsistent use between this specification and those documents thus incorporated by reference, the use in the incorporated references should be considered supplementary to the use herein, and the use herein shall govern any inconsistencies.

[0079] In this specification, the terms “a” or “an” are used to include one or more, independently of any other instances or uses of “at least one” or “one or more,” as is common in patent literature. In this specification, the term “or” is used to mean non-exclusive, or, unless otherwise specified, “A or B” is used to include “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B.” In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as plain English synonyms for “comprising” and “wherein,” respectively. Furthermore, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, meaning that any system, device, article, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such terms in the claims is still considered to be within the scope of those claims. Furthermore, in the following claims, terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on those subjects.

[0080] The above description is illustrative and not limiting. For example, the examples (or one or more embodiments thereof) described above may be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments may be used by those skilled in the art, etc., upon consideration of the above description. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it is intended to allow the reader to quickly confirm the nature of the technical disclosure and is not to be used to interpret or limit the claims or their meaning. Also, in the forms for carrying out the above invention, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as meaning that any disclosed feature not claimed is essential to any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the invention may lie in fewer features than all the features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Accordingly, the following claims are incorporated herein into forms for carrying out the invention, and each claim stands alone as a separate embodiment. The scope of the embodiments should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the entire scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0081] 100 Laser Systems 102 First optical element 104 Aiming Beam 106 Object 108 Surgical Fibers 110 Notch Filter 112 Notch Filter 114 Feedback Components 116 Targeting beam source 118 Light source, one or more laser emission sources 120 laser fibers 122 Reflected light signal 200 graphs 202 Reflectance Spectrum of High-Reflectivity Materials 204 Ureteral tissue reflex spectrum 206 Bladder tissue reflex spectrum 208 Stone Reflectance Spectrum 300 ways 302 A first light source (e.g., a laser source) contained within a surgical scope such as an endoscope emits a first signal having a first spectrum (e.g., an invisible spectrum) or wavelength. 304 A second light source emitter, which is contained within the surgical scope, attached to the surgical scope, or can be coupled to the surgical scope, can emit a second signal having a second spectrum (e.g., the visible spectrum) or wavelength. 306 Returning a third signal from the surface of an object 308 Compare the third signal to at least one of its spectral signature or reflectance. 310 In response to meeting at least one criterion, communicate a warning to a physician or other user, and / or make adjustments to the laser signal, through a user interface or the like. 400 machines 402 Hardware Processors 404 Main Memory 406 Static Memory 408 Mass Storage 410 Display Devices 412 Alphanumeric input device, input device 414 User Interface (UI) Navigation Devices, UI Navigation Devices 416 One or more sensors 418 Signal Generating Devices 420 Network Interface Devices 422 Machine-readable media 424 Command 426 Communication Networks 428 Output Controller 430 Interlink 500 Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), CDSS 502 Input Interface 504 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model, AI Model 506 Databases 508 Output Interface 510 Light Sensor 512 Return signal

Claims

1. An analysis system for determining the properties of an object during laser treatment, Surgical scope and, A first light source emitter, coupled to or contained within the surgical scope, which can be configured to emit a first signal having a first spectrum, A second light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope, which can be configured to emit a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum, A light sensor configured to detect a third signal returned from the surface of the object in response to the emitted second signal, (i) When the reflected intensity of the third signal falls below a lower threshold or exceeds an upper threshold, (ii) a controller circuit coupled to the light sensor is configured to cause at least one of the following: sending a warning to the user or adjusting the settings of the first light source emitter. Equipped with, An analysis system in which the lower threshold and upper threshold are adjusted according to the type of treatment.

2. The analytical system according to claim 1, wherein the reflection intensity of the third signal exceeding the upper threshold corresponds to the object being composed of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), stainless steel, nitinol, fluoropolymer, polymer, or plastic.

3. The analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the warning includes a visual warning, the visual warning includes at least one of causing the second light source emitter to flash the second signal or causing the second light source emitter to change the color of the second signal.

4. The analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the surgical scope is an endoscope, and the second light source emitter is a visible light source connected to or included on the endoscope.

5. The analysis system according to claim 4, wherein the second light source emitter is configured to emit light having a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 750 nm.

6. The analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the first light source emitter includes at least one of a laser light source or a targeting beam light source that is emitted through a surgical fiber connected to the surgical scope.

7. The analysis system according to claim 6, wherein the first light source emitter includes at least one of a blue light laser or a green light laser.

8. The analysis system according to claim 6, wherein the second light source emitter includes at least one of a visible light source or an infrared (IR) light source connected to the surgical fiber so that the second signal is emitted through the surgical fiber.

9. The analysis system according to claim 6, wherein the first light source emitter is configured to emit light having a wavelength in the range of 800 nm to 900 nm.

10. The analysis system according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the settings of the first light source emitter includes at least one of changing the intensity of the first signal or disabling the first light source emitter.

11. The analysis system according to claim 1, comprising a spectrometer configured to perform spectral analysis of the third signal, wherein the controller circuit causes the spectrometer to interrupt or terminate the spectral analysis of the third signal in response to the reflectance of the third signal falling below a lower threshold or exceeding an upper threshold.

12. A method for operating an analysis system having a controller circuit, The controller circuit causes a first signal having a first spectrum to be emitted from a first light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope, The controller circuit causes a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum to be emitted from a second light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope, The controller circuit causes the optical sensor connected to the surgical scope to receive a third signal returned from the surface of an object in response to the emitted second signal. The controller circuit uses the optical sensor to compare the reflection intensity of the received third signal with a lower threshold or an upper threshold, When the reflected intensity falls below the lower threshold or exceeds the upper threshold, at least one of the following is performed: send a warning to the user or adjust the settings of the first light source emitter. Includes, A method for operating an analysis system, wherein the lower threshold and the upper threshold are adjusted according to the type of treatment.

13. A method for operating the analysis system according to claim 12, wherein adjusting the settings of the first light source emitter includes at least one of changing the intensity of the first signal or disabling the first light source emitter.

14. A method for operating the analysis system according to claim 12, wherein emitting at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes pulsing at least one of the first light source emitter or the second light source emitter for a period of time.

15. An analysis system for determining the properties of an object during laser treatment, Processor and User interface (UI) and Memory containing instructions and The processor is provided with the following, and when the instruction is executed by the processor, the processor Emitting a first signal having a first spectrum from a first light source emitter coupled to or contained within a surgical scope, A second light source emitter coupled to or contained within the surgical scope emits a second signal having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum, In the optical sensor connected to the surgical scope, a third signal is received from the surface of the object in response to the emitted second signal. The reflection intensity of the third signal is compared with a lower threshold or an upper threshold using the aforementioned optical sensor, When the reflection intensity falls below the lower threshold or exceeds the upper threshold, a warning is sent to the UI or the settings of the first light source emitter are adjusted. Perform the action necessary to do so An analysis system in which the lower threshold and upper threshold are adjusted according to the type of treatment.

16. The analysis system according to claim 15, wherein the first light source emitter includes a laser light source or a aiming beam light source that is emitted through a surgical fiber connected to the surgical scope, and the second light source emitter includes at least one of a visible light source or an infrared (IR) light source connected to the surgical fiber so that the second signal is emitted through the surgical fiber.

17. The analysis system according to claim 15, wherein the first light source emitter includes at least one of a blue light laser or a green light laser.

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