Anode catalyst material and water electrolysis device for hydrogen generation

Abstract

To provide a new nonmetallic catalyst composition having both a low over-voltage and a high current activity for enhancing the activity of an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode used for hydrogen generation by electrolysis, so that the new catalyst composition must realize catalytic activity and low cost at the same time.SOLUTION: An anode catalyst material has a chemical formula FeaNibMcNdOe. In the formula, M is Mo, W, Sn, Si, Nb, V, Cr, Ta, or combinations of these. a+b+c+d+e=1, a>0, b>0, c>0, d≥0, and e≥0. The anode catalyst material is able to be used for a water electrolysis apparatus for hydrogen generation. The water electrolysis apparatus includes an anode and a cathode which are arranged in an alkali aqueous solution. The anode includes the anode catalyst material.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This technical field relates to anode catalyst materials, and more specifically, to water electrolysis devices for hydrogen generation that utilize such materials. [Background technology]

[0002] Due to energy shortages, finding alternative energy sources is now a pressing need, and hydrogen energy is the best choice. Hydrogen gas used as fuel meets environmental protection requirements, and the electrolysis of water is the simplest method for producing hydrogen and oxygen. While there are many advantages to producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, there is also a significant drawback: it consumes a lot of energy, resulting in excessive costs. The excessively high energy consumption in water electrolysis is related to excessively high overpotential, which is related to the electrodes, electrolyte, and the products of the electrochemical reaction. To improve the efficiency of water electrolysis, electrodes are crucial to reduce the activation energy and increase the reaction interface, resulting in a low reaction initiation potential and high current activity. The activation energy can be reduced by catalysts on the electrode surface, which is due to the catalytic properties inherent to the electrode material.

[0003] The reactions at the cathode and anode in the alkaline water electrolysis process are shown below.

[0004] Cathode reaction equation: 2H2O + 2e - →H2+2OH - (Hydrogen evolution reaction, HER)

[0005] Anode reaction equation: 2OH - →H2O+1 / 2O2+2e - (Oxygen evolution reaction, OER)

[0006] The anode reaction is the rate-determining step. Noble metals such as Pt or IrO2 are the best catalytic electrode materials, but they are very expensive. It is necessary to replace IrO2 with another material to reduce costs.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] In order to enhance the activity of an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode used for generating hydrogen by electrolysis, a novel non-noble metal catalyst composition having a low overvoltage and a high current activity is required. In addition, the novel catalyst composition must simultaneously achieve catalytic activity and low cost.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] One embodiment of the present disclosure has the chemical formula Fe a Ni b M c N d O eThe present invention provides an anode catalyst material having the following: In the formula, M is Mo, W, Sn, Si, Nb, V, Cr, Ta or a combination thereof, a+b+c+d+e=1, a>0, b>0, c>0, d≧0, and e≧0, and (a) d>0 and e>0, and (a1) when M is Mo, 0.0121≦a≦0.0753, 0.0366≦b≦0.2257, 0.0544≦c≦0.2917, 0.5059≦d≦0.5925, 0.0521≦e≦0.1537; (a2) when M is W, 0.0138≦a≦0.0887, 0.0417≦b≦0.2566, 0.0365≦c (a3) When M is Sn, 0.0458≦a≦0.0836, 0.1307≦b≦0.2519, 0.0440≦c≦0.1979, 0.5335≦d≦0.5853, 0.035≦e≦0.0920; (a4) When M is Si, 0.0699≦a≦0.0951, 0.2489≦b≦0.2824, 0.0136≦c≦0.0712, 0.5820≦d≦0.5983, 0.0106≦e≦0.0280; (a5) When M is Nb At some point, 0.0590≦a≦0.1057, 0.2089≦b≦0.3227, 0.0052≦c≦0.1257, 0.4804≦d≦0.5454, 0.0314≦e≦0.1046; (a6) When M is V, 0.0082≦a≦0.0809, 0.0277≦b≦0.2485, 0.0092≦c≦0.1524, 0.6150≦d≦0.6878, 0.0367≦e≦0.1258; (a7) When M is Cr, 0.0057≦a≦0.0664, 0.0171≦b≦0.2055, 0.0210≦c≦0.1694 , 0.5665≦d≦0.6904, 0.0169≦e≦0.2117; (a8)When M is Ta, 0.0710≦a≦0.0833, 0.2053≦b≦0.2432, 0.0319≦c≦0.0551, 0.5614≦d≦0.5757, 0.0410≦e≦0.0881; or (b)d=0 and e=0 or e is slightly greater than 0, (b1)When M is Mo, (b1-1)0.0548≦a≦0.2173, 0.1367≦b≦0.6469, 0.1358≦c≦0.7815; or (b1-2)0.4979≦a≦0.6376, 0.2282≦b≦0.3188, 0.0436≦c≦0.2772; (b2) When M is W, (b2-1) 0.1057≦a≦0.2350, 0.3211≦b≦0.7092, 0.0558≦c≦0.5732; or (b2-2) 0.3295≦a≦0.6485, 0.1573≦b≦0.2966, 0.0549≦c≦0.5132; (b3) When M is Sn, (b3-1) 0.1290≦a≦0.1832, 0.4002≦b≦0.5962, 0.2206≦c≦0.4708 (b4) When M is Si, (b4-1) 0.2080 ≤ a ≤ 0.2157, 0.6500 ≤ b ≤ 0.7194, 0.0386 ≤ c ≤ 0.1444; or (b3-2) 0.5222 ≤ a ≤ 0.5647, 0.2705 ≤ b ≤ 0.2926, 0.1427 ≤ c ≤ 0.2073; (b4) When M is Si, (b4-1) 0.2080 ≤ a ≤ 0.2157, 0.6500 ≤ b ≤ 0.6895, 0.0998 ≤ c ≤ 0.1308; or (b4-2) 0.3457 ≤ a ≤ 0.6348, 0.1731 ≤ b ≤ 0.3318, 0.0334 ≤ c ≤ 0.4812.

[0010] One embodiment of the present disclosure is a water electrolysis apparatus for hydrogen generation, comprising an anode and a cathode disposed in an alkaline aqueous solution, wherein the anode is of the chemical formula Fe a Ni b M c N d O eThe present invention provides a water electrolysis apparatus comprising an anode catalyst material having the following: In the above formula, M is Mo, W, Sn, Si, Nb, V, Cr, Ta or a combination thereof, a+b+c+d+e=1, a>0, b>0, c>0, d≧0, and e≧0, and (a)d>0 and e>0, (a1) when M is Mo, 0.0121≦a≦0.0753, 0.0366≦b≦0.2257, 0.0544≦c≦0.2917, 0.5059≦d≦0.5925, 0.0521≦e≦0.1537; (a2) when M is W, 0.0138≦a≦0.0887, 0.0417≦b≦0.2566, 0 (a3) When M is Sn, then 0.0458≦a≦0.0836, 0.1307≦b≦0.2519, 0.0440≦c≦0.1979, 0.5335≦d≦0.5853, 0.035≦e≦0.0920; (a4) When M is Si, then 0.0699≦a≦0.0951, 0.2489≦b≦0.2824, 0.0136≦c≦0.0712, 0.5820≦d≦0.5983, 0.0106≦e≦0.0280. (a5) When M is Nb, 0.0590≦a≦0.1057, 0.2089≦b≦0.3227, 0.0052≦c≦0.1257, 0.4804≦d≦0.5454, 0.0314≦e≦0.1046; (a6) When M is V, 0.0082≦a≦0.0809, 0.0277≦b≦0.2485, 0.0092≦c≦0.1524, 0.6150≦d≦0.6878, 0.0367≦e≦0.1258; (a7) When M is Cr, 0.0057≦a≦0.0664, 0.0171≦b≦0.2055, 0 .0210≦c≦0.1694, 0.5665≦d≦0.6904, 0.0169≦e≦0.2117; (a8)When M is Ta, 0.0710≦a≦0.0833, 0.2053≦b≦0.2432, 0.0319≦c≦0.0551, 0.5614≦d≦0.5757, 0.0410≦e≦0.0881; or (b)d=0 and e=0 or e is slightly greater than 0, (b1)When M is Mo, (b1-1)0.0548≦a≦0.2173, 0.1367≦b≦0.6469, 0.1358≦c≦0.7815; or (b1-2) 0.4979≦a≦0.6376, 0.2282≦b≦0.3188, 0.0436≦c≦0.2772; (b2) When M is W, (b2-1) 0.1057≦a≦0.2350, 0.3211≦b≦0.7092, 0.0558≦c≦0.5732; or (b2-2) 0.3295≦a≦0.6485, 0.1573≦b≦0.2966, 0.0549≦c≦0.5132; (b3) When M is Sn, (b3-1) 0.1290≦a≦0.1832, 0.4002≦b≦0.5962, 0.2206≦ c ≤ 0.4708; or 0.1990 ≤ a ≤ 0.2420, 0.6566 ≤ b ≤ 0.7194, 0.0386 ≤ c ≤ 0.1444; or (b3-2) 0.5222 ≤ a ≤ 0.5647, 0.2705 ≤ b ≤ 0.2926, 0.1427 ≤ c ≤ 0.2073; (b4) When M is Si, (b4-1) 0.2080 ≤ a ≤ 0.2157, 0.6500 ≤ b ≤ 0.6895, 0.0998 ≤ c ≤ 0.1308; or (b4-2) 0.3457 ≤ a ≤ 0.6348, 0.1731 ≤ b ≤ 0.3318, 0.0334 ≤ c ≤ 0.4812. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] Anode catalysts in some embodiments of this disclosure can satisfy the requirement of producing hydrogen by electrolysis of an alkaline aqueous solution. With respect to OER, the catalyst has high conductivity and high electrochemical activity of OER.

[0012] A detailed explanation is provided in the following embodiments. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are provided for illustrative purposes to ensure that the disclosed embodiments are fully understood. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0014] One embodiment of the present disclosure is of the chemical formula Fea In b M c N d SHE eThe present invention provides an anode catalyst material having the following formula: where M is Mo, W, Sn, Si, Nb, V, Cr, Ta or a combination thereof, and a+b+c+d+e=1, a>0, b>0, c>0, d≧0, and e≧0. If M is another element such as Al, Zn, Y, or Sc, the material will have no effect as an anode catalyst material, or will have an effect inferior to that of an anode catalyst material. In some embodiments, when (a)d>0 and e>0 and (a1)M is Mo, then 0.0121≦a≦0.0753, 0.0366≦b≦0.2257, 0.0544≦c≦0.2917, 0.5059≦d≦0.5925, and 0.0521≦e≦0.1537. In some embodiments, (a2) when M is W, 0.0138≦a≦0.0887, 0.0417≦b≦0.2566, 0.0365≦c≦0.3708, 0.5035≦d≦0.5782, and 0.0403≦e≦0.0778. In some embodiments, (a3) ​​when M is Sn, 0.0458≦a≦0.0836, 0.1307≦b≦0.2519, 0.0440≦c≦0.1979, 0.5335≦d≦0.5853, and 0.035≦e≦0.0920. In some embodiments, when (a4) M is Si, 0.0699≦a≦0.0951, 0.2489≦b≦0.2824, 0.0136≦c≦0.0712, 0.5820≦d≦0.5983, and 0.0106≦e≦0.0280. In some embodiments, when (a5) M is Nb, 0.0590≦a≦0.1057, 0.2089≦b≦0.3227, 0.0052≦c≦0.1257, 0.4804≦d≦0.5454, and 0.0314≦e≦0.1046. In some embodiments, (a6) when M is V, 0.0082≦a≦0.0809, 0.0277≦b≦0.2485, 0.0092≦c≦0.1524, 0.6150≦d≦0.6878, and 0.0367≦e≦0.1258. In some embodiments, (a7) when M is Cr, 0.0057≦a≦0.0664, 0.0171≦b≦0.2055, 0.0210≦c≦0.1694, 0.5665≦d≦0.6904, and 0.0169≦e≦0.2117.In some embodiments, when (a8)M is Ta, the following inequalities hold: 0.0710≦a≦0.0833, 0.2053≦b≦0.2432, 0.0319≦c≦0.0551, 0.5614≦d≦0.5757, and 0.0410≦e≦0.0881. If a, b, or c is too large or too small, the starting potential of the anode catalyst material becomes excessively high or the current density becomes excessively low during the production of hydrogen (and oxygen) by water electrolysis. If d or e is too large, the starting potential of the anode catalyst material becomes excessively high or the current density becomes excessively low during the production of hydrogen (and oxygen) by water electrolysis. If d or e is too small, the anode catalyst material approaches an alloy state, and the amount of nitrogen and oxygen contained in the electrocatalytic catalyst becomes excessively low. In this case, during the production of hydrogen (and oxygen) by water electrolysis, the amount of Ni(OH)2 layer (which dissociates water more easily) formed on the anode catalyst layer becomes relatively small, resulting in a relatively higher starting potential or a relatively lower current density.

[0015] In some embodiments, the anode catalyst material is of the chemical formula Fe a Ni b M c N d O e The formula has the following properties, where d=0 and e=0 or slightly greater than 0. In other words, the anode catalyst material is an alloy (Fe a Ni b M c ) or alloy oxide (Fe a Ni b M c O e) is the case. In some embodiments, (b1) when M is Mo, then (b1-1) 0.0548 ≤ a ≤ 0.2173, 0.1367 ≤ b ≤ 0.6469, 0.1358 ≤ c ≤ 0.7815; or (b1-2) 0.4979 ≤ a ≤ 0.6376, 0.2282 ≤ b ≤ 0.3188, 0.0436 ≤ c ≤ 0.2772. In some embodiments, (b2) when M is W, then (b2-1) 0.1057 ≤ a ≤ 0.2350, 0.3211 ≤ b ≤ 0.7092, 0.0558 ≤ c ≤ 0.5732; or (b2-2) 0.3295 ≤ a ≤ 0.6485, 0.1573 ≤ b ≤ 0.2966, and 0.0549 ≤ c ≤ 0.5132. In some embodiments, (b3) when M is Sn, then (b3-1) 0.1290 ≤ a ≤ 0.1832, 0.4002 ≤ b ≤ 0.5962, 0.2206 ≤ c ≤ 0.4708; or 0.1990 ≤ a ≤ 0.2420, 0.6566 ≤ b ≤ 0.7194, 0.0386 ≤ c ≤ 0.1444; or (b3-2) 0.5222 ≤ a ≤ 0.5647, 0.2705 ≤ b ≤ 0.2926, 0.1427 ≤ c ≤ 0.2073. In some embodiments, when (b4) M is Si, (b4-1) 0.2080 ≤ a ≤ 0.2157, 0.6500 ≤ b ≤ 0.6895, 0.0998 ≤ c ≤ 0.1308; or (b4-2) 0.3457 ≤ a ≤ 0.6348, 0.1731 ≤ b ≤ 0.3318, 0.0334 ≤ c ≤ 0.4812. Similarly, if a, b, or c are too large or too small, the starting potential of the anode catalyst material will be excessively high or the current density will be excessively low during the production of hydrogen (and oxygen) by water electrolysis. Note that the elemental ratios in the anode catalyst material can be confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The EDS steps are as follows. 1. Set the SEM operating voltage to 15kV (can be increased to 20kV if necessary), the working distance (WD) to 8.5mm, and the EDS effective measurement time (measuring live time) to 60 to 120 seconds. 2. Before analyzing the formal sample, collect a spectrum using a copper-containing sample and correct the peaks (Cu-Ka correction).3. Perform qualitative analysis operations to obtain X-ray signal spectra and obtain more accurate qualitative analysis results from the measured elements. 4. Based on the qualitative analysis results, perform semi-quantitative analysis based on elemental measurements.

[0016] In some embodiments, the anode catalyst material is a continuous layer or discontinuous particles supported on a carrier. For example, an anode catalyst layer with a thickness of approximately 50 nm to 1200 nm may be formed on the carrier. If the anode catalyst layer is too thin, the amount of catalyst supported will be insufficient, resulting in a current density that is too low and poor catalytic activity. If the anode catalyst layer is too thick, the stress on the anode catalyst layer coated on the carrier will be too high. In this case, the adhesion between the catalyst layer and the carrier will be insufficient. As the reaction continues, the anode catalyst will gradually dissolve and peel off from the electrode, and the decay of catalytic activity will accelerate. Alternatively, anode catalyst particles with a particle size of 3 nm to 25 nm may be formed on the carrier. If the anode catalyst particles are too small, the catalytic effect will be reduced due to the macro quantum tunneling effect. If the anode catalyst particles are too large, the catalytic activity will similarly decrease due to a reduction in the surface area of ​​the catalyst. Regardless of the type, the density of the anode catalyst material on the carrier surface is approximately 0.05 mg / cm³. 2 From 2 mg / cm³ 2 If the density of the anode catalyst material is too low, the amount of catalyst supported will be insufficient, resulting in an excessively low current density and poor catalytic activity. If the density of the anode catalyst material is too high, the stress on the anode catalyst layer coated on the support will become too high. In this case, the adhesion between the catalyst layer and the support will be insufficient, resulting in poor or even decreased catalytic activity.

[0017] In some embodiments, the support includes metals, carbon materials, conductive oxides, conductive nitrides, or combinations thereof. For example, the metal may be titanium, titanium alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, another suitable metal or alloy, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the carbon material may be graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon microbeads, another suitable carbon material, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the support includes mesh-like, foamed, porous, or a combination thereof.

[0018] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a water electrolysis apparatus for hydrogen generation, comprising an anode and a cathode disposed in an alkaline aqueous solution, wherein the anode comprises an anode catalyst material. The anode catalyst material and the carrier for supporting the catalyst have been described above and will not be repeated here. In some embodiments, the alkaline aqueous solution may be NaOH, KOH, another suitable alkaline aqueous solution, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution is greater than 12 and less than or equal to 15. If the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution is too low, the conductivity of the solution will be poor. If the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution is too high, the viscosity of the solution will be too high. By applying a potential to the anode and cathode and electrolyzing the alkaline aqueous solution, the cathode can generate hydrogen and the anode can generate oxygen.

[0019] , It should be noted that the above anode catalyst can be used as an anode in several hydrogen generation electrolytic devices, such as membrane electrode assemblies, conventional electrolytic cells, or alkaline electrolyte electrolytic cells (including structural features such as liquid electrolytes and porous separators). Accordingly, the anode catalysts in some embodiments of this disclosure can satisfy the requirement of producing hydrogen by electrolysis of an alkaline aqueous solution, and with respect to OER, the catalyst has high conductivity and high electrochemical activity of the OER.

[0020] The following describes exemplary embodiments in detail in a manner easily understood by those with ordinary skill in the art. The concept of the present invention can be embodied in various forms, without being limited to the exemplary embodiments shown herein. [Examples]

[0021] Example 1

[0022] FeNiMoNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5mmOD × 4mmH) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Mo target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Mo target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiMoNO electrode catalyst with different composition ratios (e.g., Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo+N+O)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the FeNiMoNO catalyst material revealed that the Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo+N+O) ratio ranged from 5.44 at% to 29.17 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiMoNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiMoNO film are shown in Table 1. Superior OER activity was achieved with Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo+N+O) ratios ranging from 5.44 at% to 29.17 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 42.99 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.487V.

[0023] [Table 1]

[0024] Example 2

[0025] FeNiWNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and W target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the W target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., W / (Fe+Ni+W+N+O))FeNiWNO deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiWNO catalyst material revealed that the W / (Fe+Ni+W+N+O) ratio ranged from 3.65 at% to 37.08 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiWNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiWNO film are shown in Table 2. W / (Fe+Ni+W+N+O) ratios of 3.65 at% to 37.08 at% achieved superior OER activity. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also measured. 2 ) is 42.56 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.482V.

[0026] [Table 2]

[0027] Example 3

[0028] FeNiSnNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5mmOD × 4mmH) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Sn target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Sn target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiSnNO with different composition ratios (e.g., Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn+N+O)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiSnNO catalyst material revealed that the Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn+N+O) ratio ranged from 4.4 at% to 23.80 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiSnNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiSnNO film are shown in Table 3. Superior OER activity was achieved with Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn+N+O) ratios ranging from 4.40 at% to 19.79 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was determined. 2 ) is 36.67 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.549V.

[0029] [Table 3]

[0030] Example 4

[0031] FeNiSiNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5mmOD × 4mmH) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Si target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Si target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiSiNO electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., Si / (Fe+Ni+Si+N+O))FeNiSiNO deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiSiNO catalyst material revealed that the Si / (Fe+Ni+Si+N+O) ratio ranged from 1.36 at% to 12.04 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiSiNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiSiNO film are shown in Table 4. Superior OER activity was achieved with Si / (Fe+Ni+Si+N+O) ratios ranging from 1.36 at% to 7.12 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 36.75 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.545V.

[0032] [Table 4]

[0033] Example 5

[0034] FeNiNbNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Nb target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Nb target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiNbNO with different composition ratios (e.g., Nb / (Fe + Ni + Nb + N + O)) on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 20 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiNbNO catalyst material revealed that the Nb / (Fe+Ni+Nb+N+O) ratio ranged from 0.52 at% to 21.86 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiNbNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiNbNO film are shown in Table 5. Superior OER activity was achieved with Nb / (Fe+Ni+Nb+N+O) ratios ranging from 0.52 at% to 12.57 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 42.55 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.529V.

[0035] [Table 5]

[0036] Example 6

[0037] FeNiVNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and V target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the V target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., V / (Fe+Ni+V+N+O))FeNiVNO deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiVNO catalyst material revealed that the V / (Fe+Ni+V+N+O) ratio ranged from 0.92 at% to 15.24 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiVNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiVNO film are shown in Table 6. Superior OER activity was achieved with V / (Fe+Ni+V+N+O) ratios ranging from 0.92 at% to 15.24 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 43.26 mA / cm² 2The starting potential was 1.485V.

[0038] [Table 6]

[0039] Example 7

[0040] FeNiCrNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5mmOD × 4mmH) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Cr target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering power of the Cr target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of electrode catalysts (e.g., Cr / (Fe+Ni+Cr+N+O))FeNiCrNO with different composition ratios deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the FeNiCrNO catalyst material revealed that the Cr / (Fe+Ni+Cr+N+O) ratio ranged from 2.10 at% to 16.94 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiCrNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiCrNO film are shown in Table 7. Superior OER activity was achieved with Cr / (Fe+Ni+Cr+N+O) ratios ranging from 2.10 at% to 16.94 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was determined. 2 ) is 43.87 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.478V.

[0041] [Table 7]

[0042] Example 8

[0043] FeNiTaNO catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Ta target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, and nitrogen and argon (e.g., nitrogen / (argon + nitrogen) = 50%) were introduced. Reactive sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Ta target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiTaNO electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., Ta / (Fe+Ni+Ta+N+O))FeNiTaNO deposited on the glassy carbon. The total flow rate of argon and nitrogen was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure was controlled to 20 mTorr, the process temperature was controlled to room temperature, and the sputtering time was set to 7 to 8 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The composition of the FeNiTaNO catalyst material was analyzed by EDS, and the Ta / (Fe+Ni+Ta+N+O) ratio ranged from 1.69 at% to 20.61 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiTaNO catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiTaNO film are shown in Table 8. Better OER activity was achieved with Ta / (Fe+Ni+Ta+N+O) ratios ranging from 3.19 at% to 5.51 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was determined. 2 ) is 42.12 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.529V.

[0044] [Table 8]

[0045] Example 9

[0046] FeNiMo catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Mo targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Mo target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiMo electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The composition of the FeNiMo catalyst material was analyzed by EDS, and the Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo) content ranged from 13.58 at% to 78.15 at%. The electrochemical activity of FeNiMo catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set from 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed was 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiMo film are shown in Table 9. Better OER activity was achieved with Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo) ratios ranging from 13.58 at% to 78.15 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 39.52 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.512V.

[0047] [Table 9]

[0048] Example 10

[0049] FeNiW catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and W targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared. Argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the W target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiW electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., W / (Fe+Ni+W)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiW catalyst material composition revealed that the W / (Fe+Ni+W) content ranged from 5.58 at% to 57.32 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiW catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During the LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiW film are shown in Table 10. Better OER activity was achieved with W / (Fe+Ni+W) from 5.58 at% to 57.32 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was determined. 2 ) is 41.21 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.505V.

[0050] [Table 10]

[0051] Example 11

[0052] FeNiSn catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Sn target (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Sn target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiSn with different composition ratios (e.g., Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The composition of the FeNiSn catalyst material was analyzed by EDS, and the Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn) content ranged from 3.86 at% to 47.08 at%. The electrochemical activity of FeNiSn catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiSn film are shown in Table 11. Superior OER activity was achieved with Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn) ratios of 3.86 at% to 14.44 at% or 22.06 at% to 47.08 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 35.12 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.556V.

[0053] [Table 11]

[0054] Example 12

[0055] FeNiSi catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. FeNi3 targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Si targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Si target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiSi electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., Si / (Fe+Ni+Si)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The composition of the FeNiSi catalyst material was analyzed by EDS, and the Si / (Fe+Ni+Si) content ranged from 5.93 at% to 32.15 at%. The electrochemical activity of FeNiSi catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiSi film are shown in Table 12. Si / (Fe+Ni+Si) ratios of 9.98 at% to 13.08 at% achieved superior OER activity. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 33.07 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.550V.

[0056] [Table 12]

[0057] Example 13

[0058] FeNiMo catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. Fe2Ni targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Mo targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Mo target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiMo electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The composition of the FeNiMo catalyst material was analyzed by EDS, and the Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo) content ranged from 4.36 at% to 45.98 at%. The electrochemical activity of FeNiMo catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiMo film are shown in Table 13. Better OER activity was achieved with Mo / (Fe+Ni+Mo) ratios ranging from 4.36 at% to 27.72 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 36.26 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.530V.

[0059] [Table 13]

[0060] Example 14

[0061] FeNiW catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. Fe2Ni targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and W targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared. Argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the W target. Electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiW with different composition ratios (e.g., W / (Fe+Ni+W)) deposited on the glassy carbon were obtained. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiW catalyst material composition revealed that the W / (Fe+Ni+W) content ranged from 1.49 at% to 51.32 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiW catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During the LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiW film are shown in Table 14. Better OER activity was achieved with W / (Fe+Ni+W) from 5.49 at% to 51.32 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was determined. 2 ) is 34.98 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.550V.

[0062] [Table 14]

[0063] Example 15

[0064] FeNiSn catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. Fe2Ni targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Sn targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared, argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Sn target to obtain electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiSn with different composition ratios (e.g., Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn)) deposited on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The composition of the FeNiSn catalyst material was analyzed by EDS, and the Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn) content ranged from 14.27 at% to 41.39 at%. The electrochemical activity of FeNiSn catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiSn film are shown in Table 15. Superior OER activity was achieved with Sn / (Fe+Ni+Sn) ratios ranging from 14.27 at% to 20.73 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was also determined. 2 ) is 32.44 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.557V.

[0065] [Table 15]

[0066] Example 16

[0067] FeNiSi catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. Fe2Ni targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) and Si targets (available from Ultimate Materials Technology Co., Ltd.) were prepared. Argon was introduced, and simultaneous sputtering was performed by adjusting the sputtering output of the Si target. Electrocatalytic catalyst layers of FeNiSi electrode catalysts with different composition ratios (e.g., Si / (Fe+Ni+Si)) were obtained on the glassy carbon. The argon flow rate was set to 10 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 5 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 3 to 4 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. EDS analysis of the FeNiSi catalyst material composition revealed that the Si / (Fe+Ni+Si) content ranged from 1.54 at% to 48.12 at%. The OER electrochemical activity of FeNiSi catalyst materials with different composition ratios was tested. LSV measurements were performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument in a 0.1 M KOH solution with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode. During the LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was set to 3. The electrochemical properties of the FeNiSi film are shown in Table 16. Better OER activity was achieved with Si / (Fe+Ni+Si) from 3.34 at% to 48.12 at%. The best current density (mA / cm²) at the catalyst's RHE potential of 1.878 V was determined. 2 ) is 36.4 mA / cm² 2 The starting potential was 1.549V.

[0068] [Table 16]

[0069] Comparative Example

[0070] A Pt catalyst material was deposited on glassy carbon (5 mm OD × 4 mm H) by reactive magnetron sputtering. A Pt target was prepared, and a Pt layer was deposited by reactive sputtering using argon. The argon flow rate was set to 20 sccm, the sputtering pressure to 20 mTorr, the process temperature to room temperature, and the sputtering time to 5 to 6 minutes. The thickness of the sputtered film was approximately 100 nm. The OER electrochemical activity of the Pt catalyst material and the IrOx catalyst material (available from TKK) was tested separately. LSV measurement was performed using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) instrument with Hg / HgO as the reference electrode in a 0.1 M KOH solution. During the LSV measurement, the electrode was rotated at 1600 rpm, the scanning voltage range was set to 0.32 V to 1 V, the scanning speed was set to 10 mV / s, and the number of scans was 3. x The electrochemical properties are shown in Table 17.

[0071] [Table 17]

[0072] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the disclosed methods and materials. This specification and examples are intended to be illustrative only, and the true scope of this disclosure is given by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Chemical formula Fe a Ni b M c N d O e An anode catalyst material for the anode of a water electrolysis apparatus used for hydrogen generation, wherein M is one of W, Sn, Si, Nb, V, Cr, and Ta, and a+b+c+d+e=1, a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, and e>0, (a2) When M is W, then 0.0138 ≤ a ≤ 0.0887, 0.0417 ≤ b ≤ 0.2566, 0.0365 ≤ c ≤ 0.3708, 0.5035 ≤ d ≤ 0.5782, and 0.0403 ≤ e ≤ 0.0778; (a3) When M is Sn, then 0.0458 ≤ a ≤ 0.0836, 0.1307 ≤ b ≤ 0.2519, 0.0440 ≤ c ≤ 0.1979, 0.5335 ≤ d ≤ 0.5853, and 0.035 ≤ e ≤ 0.0920; (a4) When M is Si, then 0.0699 ≤ a ≤ 0.0951, 0.2489 ≤ b ≤ 0.2824, 0.0136 ≤ c ≤ 0.0712, 0.5820 ≤ d ≤ 0.5983, and 0.0106 ≤ e ≤ 0.0280; (a5) When M is Nb, then 0.0590 ≤ a ≤ 0.1057, 0.2089 ≤ b ≤ 0.3227, 0.0052 ≤ c ≤ 0.1257, 0.4804 ≤ d ≤ 0.5454, and 0.0314 ≤ e ≤ 0.1046; (a6) When M is V, then 0.0082 ≤ a ≤ 0.0809, 0.0277 ≤ b ≤ 0.2485, 0.0092 ≤ c ≤ 0.1524, 0.6150 ≤ d ≤ 0.6878, and 0.0367 ≤ e ≤ 0.1258; (a7) When M is Cr, then 0.0057 ≤ a ≤ 0.0664, 0.0171 ≤ b ≤ 0.2055, 0.0210 ≤ c ≤ 0.1694, 0.5665 ≤ d ≤ 0.6904, and 0.0169 ≤ e ≤ 0.2117; (a8) When M is Ta, then 0.0710 ≤ a ≤ 0.0833, 0.2053 ≤ b ≤ 0.2432, 0.0319 ≤ c ≤ 0.0551, 0.5614 ≤ d ≤ 0.5757, 0.0410 ≤ e ≤ 0.0881. Anode catalyst material.

2. The anode catalyst material according to claim 1, which is a continuous layer or discontinuous particles supported on a carrier.

3. The anode catalyst material according to claim 2, wherein the carrier includes a metal, a carbon material, a conductive oxide, a conductive nitride, or a combination thereof.

4. The anode catalyst material according to claim 3, wherein the metal includes titanium, titanium alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, or combinations thereof.

5. The anode catalyst material according to claim 3, wherein the carbon material includes graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon microbeads, or a combination thereof.

6. The anode catalyst material according to claim 3, wherein the carrier is mesh-like, foamed, porous, or a combination thereof.

7. A water electrolysis apparatus for hydrogen generation, comprising an anode and a cathode arranged in an alkaline aqueous solution, The anode includes an anode catalyst material having the chemical formula Fe a Ni b M c N d O e and In the formula, M is one of W, Sn, Si, Nb, V, Cr, and Ta, and a + b + c + d + e = 1, a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, d > 0, and e > 0. (a2) When M is W, then 0.0138 ≤ a ≤ 0.0887, 0.0417 ≤ b ≤ 0.2566, 0.0365 ≤ c ≤ 0.3708, 0.5035 ≤ d ≤ 0.5782, and 0.0403 ≤ e ≤ 0.0778; (a3) When M is Sn, then 0.0458 ≤ a ≤ 0.0836, 0.1307 ≤ b ≤ 0.2519, 0.0440 ≤ c ≤ 0.1979, 0.5335 ≤ d ≤ 0.5853, and 0.035 ≤ e ≤ 0.0920; (a4) When M is Si, then 0.0699 ≤ a ≤ 0.0951, 0.2489 ≤ b ≤ 0.2824, 0.0136 ≤ c ≤ 0.0712, 0.5820 ≤ d ≤ 0.5983, and 0.0106 ≤ e ≤ 0.0280; (a5) When M is Nb, then 0.0590 ≤ a ≤ 0.1057, 0.2089 ≤ b ≤ 0.3227, 0.0052 ≤ c ≤ 0.1257, 0.4804 ≤ d ≤ 0.5454, and 0.0314 ≤ e ≤ 0.1046; (a6) When M is V, then 0.0082 ≤ a ≤ 0.0809, 0.0277 ≤ b ≤ 0.2485, 0.0092 ≤ c ≤ 0.1524, 0.6150 ≤ d ≤ 0.6878, and 0.0367 ≤ e ≤ 0.1258; (a7) When M is Cr, then 0.0057 ≤ a ≤ 0.0664, 0.0171 ≤ b ≤ 0.2055, 0.0210 ≤ c ≤ 0.1694, 0.5665 ≤ d ≤ 0.6904, and 0.0169 ≤ e ≤ 0.2117; (a8) When M is Ta, then 0.0710 ≤ a ≤ 0.0833, 0.2053 ≤ b ≤ 0.2432, 0.0319 ≤ c ≤ 0.0551, 0.5614 ≤ d ≤ 0.5757, 0.0410 ≤ e ≤ 0.0881. A water electrolysis device used for hydrogen generation.

8. The water electrolysis apparatus for hydrogen generation according to claim 7, wherein the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution is greater than 12 and less than or equal to 15.

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