Interlayer for laminated glass, and laminated glass and method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract

Provided is an interlayer film for a laminated glass capable of suppressing the occurrence of a double image and unevenness in heat shielding performance.　An interlayer film for a laminated glass according to the present invention comprises a region having a partial wedge angle of 0.05 mrad or more in a length of 400 mm in a direction connecting one end and the other end of the interlayer film, the interlayer film including a heat shielding layer containing a heat shielding substance and having a glass transition temperature of 15°C or higher. When the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is defined as X, a thickness of the interlayer film at an arbitrary position (1) of the interlayer film within a region from 0.1X to 0.9X measured from the one end toward the other end, a thickness of the interlayer film at a position (2) having a thickness of the interlayer film smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at the position (1) by 25 μm or more, visible light transmittance at the position (1) of a laminated glass including the interlayer film, and solar transmittance at the position (2) of the laminated glass including the interlayer film satisfy a specific relationship.

Description

Interlayer film for laminated glass and its manufacturing method, and laminated glass and its manufacturing method

[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass used to obtain laminated glass and a method for producing the same. The present invention also relates to laminated glass and a method for producing the same.

[0002] Laminated glass is excellent in safety because it generates only a small amount of glass fragments even when broken by external impact. For this reason, laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc. Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer film between a pair of glass sheets.

[0003] Furthermore, a head-up display (HUD) is known as an example of the laminated glass used in automobiles. The HUD can display measurement information, such as the vehicle's speed, which is driving data, on the windshield of the automobile, allowing the driver to perceive the display as if it were projected on the windshield. However, the HUD has a problem in that the measurement information appears double. A wedge-shaped interlayer film is used to suppress the double image.

[0004] Furthermore, high heat-shielding properties are also required for laminated glass used in vehicles and buildings. For example, Patent Document 1 listed below discloses a wedge-shaped interlayer film containing a heat-shielding compound.

[0005] WO2018 / 081570A1

[0006] With laminated glass that uses a conventional wedge-shaped interlayer film containing a heat-shielding compound, even if the occurrence of double images can be reduced to some extent, the balance of solar transmittance can be disrupted as the thickness of the interlayer film changes, resulting in uneven heat-shielding performance.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can suppress the occurrence of double images in laminated glass and can suppress unevenness in heat shielding performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide laminated glass using the above interlayer film for laminated glass.

[0008] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass having one end and another end, the interlayer film having a region in which a partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in a direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more, the interlayer film is provided with a heat-shielding layer containing a heat-shielding substance and having a glass transition point of 15°C or more, the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is X, the thickness of the interlayer film at any position (1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is T1 mm, and In laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching an interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass, the thickness of the interlayer film at position (2) is T2 mm, where the thickness of the interlayer film is at least 25 μm smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at position (1), and when the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (1) is Tts 1% and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (2) is Tts 2%, the interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1) and has Tts2 of 79% or less. (Hereinafter, this may be referred to as an interlayer film)

[0009]

[0010] In the formula (1), ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​represented by the following formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively. In the formulas (1-1B) and (1-1C), A, B, and C are values ​​represented by the following formulas (1-D), (1-E), and (1-F), respectively.

[0011]

[0012] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position (1) is the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end, and the position (2) is the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end.

[0013] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (2):

[0014]

[0015] In the formula (2), ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​represented by the formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0016] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film satisfies ΔTts>0 in formula (1).

[0017] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (3):

[0018]

[0019] In the formula (3), ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​represented by the formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0020] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the maximum solar transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is 76% or less.

[0021] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is different from the position (1) and different from the position (2).

[0022] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is the position (1) or the position (2).

[0023] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits a minimum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is different from the position (1) and different from the position (2).

[0024] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end toward the other end is the position (1) or the position (2).

[0025] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the maximum visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is 60% or more.

[0026] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as interlayer film), having one end and another end, the interlayer film having a region in which a partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in a direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more, the interlayer film having a heat-shielding layer that contains a heat-shielding substance and has a glass transition point of 15°C or higher, the heat-shielding layer having a region in its thickness direction where the content of the heat-shielding substance is 0.01 wt% or more, and the heat-shielding layer having a region in its thickness direction where the concentration of the heat-shielding substance is highest and the absolute value of the difference in the concentration of the heat-shielding substance in the region in its thickness direction where the concentration of the heat-shielding substance is lowest is 0.01 wt% or more.

[0027] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, when the distance from a first outer surface to a second outer surface of the interlayer film is t, the heat-shielding material is present in a region of 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface.

[0028] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, when the distance from a first outer surface to a second outer surface of the interlayer film is defined as t, the heat-shielding material is present in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface that is greater than 0.2t and up to 0.4t.

[0029] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, when the distance from a first outer surface to a second outer surface of the interlayer film is defined as t, the heat-shielding material is present in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface that is greater than 0.4t and up to 0.5t.

[0030] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film includes a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C.

[0031] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film includes two or more layers each having a glass transition point of less than 15°C.

[0032] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the layer having a glass transition point of less than 15° C. contains a heat-shielding material.

[0033] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the content of the heat-shielding material is 0.01% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C.

[0034] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film contains two or more types of heat-shielding materials.

[0035] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film contains two or more types of heat-shielding materials, and the content of each of the two or more types of heat-shielding materials is 1.0% by weight or less relative to 100% by weight of the interlayer film.

[0036] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film contains three or more types of heat-shielding materials.

[0037] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the concentration of the heat shielding material in the heat shield layer is 1.5 wt % or less in the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end.

[0038] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the heat-shielding material contained in the interlayer film is a vanadium phthalocyanine compound, ITO particles, or CWO particles.

[0039] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the wedge angle of the entire interlayer film is 0.05 mrad or more.

[0040] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the present invention, the interlayer film includes a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C, the interlayer film has a textured surface imparted by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method, the ten-point average roughness of the textured surface is 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and the refractive index of the interlayer film is 1.46 or more.

[0041] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided laminated glass comprising a first laminated glass element, a second laminated glass element, and the above-described interlayer film for laminated glass, with the interlayer film for laminated glass disposed between the first laminated glass element and the second laminated glass element.

[0042] In a specific aspect of the laminated glass according to the present invention, the first laminated glass member has a uniform thickness, and the second laminated glass member has a uniform thickness.

[0043] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:

[0044] 1) A method for producing the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glass. 2) A method for producing the above-mentioned laminated glass.

[0045] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can suppress the occurrence of double images in laminated glass and can suppress unevenness in heat-shielding performance.

[0046] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method of deriving the relational expression.

[0047] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0048] (Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass) The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention (sometimes abbreviated as "interlayer film" in this specification) is used in laminated glass.

[0049] The interlayer film has one end and the other end. The other end is an end opposite to the one end. The direction connecting the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is perpendicular to the width direction of the interlayer film (vertical direction).

[0050] The interlayer film has a region where the thickness changes continuously. The interlayer film has a region where the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more. This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of ghost images.

[0051] The interlayer film includes a heat shield layer that contains a heat shielding material and has a glass transition point of 15° C. or higher. The interlayer film may include one, two, or more heat shield layers. The interlayer film may include 10 or fewer, or 5 or fewer heat shield layers.

[0052] In the present invention, the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is defined as X. Furthermore, in the present invention, the thickness of the interlayer film at any position (1) within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is defined as T1 (mm). Furthermore, in the present invention, the thickness of the interlayer film at a position (2) within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film where the thickness of the interlayer film is 25 μm or more smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at position (1) is defined as T2 (mm).

[0053] In the present invention, in laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass, the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (1) is defined as Tts1 (%), and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (2) is defined as Tts2 (%). The laminated glass A is preferably produced as follows.

[0054] A laminate is obtained by sandwiching an interlayer between two 2 mm thick clear glass sheets conforming to JIS R3202:1996. The obtained laminate is placed in a rubber bag and degassed at a vacuum of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes. The degassed laminate is then transferred to an oven and vacuum-pressed at 90°C for 30 minutes to pre-bond the laminate. The pre-bonded laminate is then compressed in an autoclave at 135°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain laminated glass A.

[0055] The solar transmittance of the laminated glass A is measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech Corporation's "U-4100") in accordance with ISO 13837 (First edition 2008-04-15). The solar transmittance of the laminated glass A is the solar transmittance at wavelengths of 300 nm to 2500 nm.

[0056] From the viewpoint of suppressing unevenness in heat-shielding performance, it is preferable that the interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1) and that Tts2 is 79% or less. Note that the interlayer film may have a line at its edge for alignment with the laminated glass component. When a region such as this line exists where the visible light transmittance is less than 60%, the following formula (1) is determined excluding this region where the visible light transmittance is less than 60% and a region 100 mm outward from the edge of this region.

[0057]

[0058] In the above formula (1), ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​represented by the following formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively. In the following formulas (1-1B) and (1-1C), A, B, and C are values ​​represented by the following formulas (1-D), (1-E), and (1-F), respectively.

[0059]

[0060] <Method of Derivation of Formula (1) and Technical Significance> First, the inventors prepared a single-layer resin film (wedge angle 0 mrad) having a uniform thickness and containing no heat-shielding material. The resin film contained 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO). Using the obtained resin film, laminated glass was prepared according to the above-mentioned method for preparing laminated glass A, and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass was measured. As a result, the relationship between the thickness of the resin film and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass, as shown in Table 1 below, was obtained.

[0061]

[0062] Next, the inventors prepared a 0.5 mm-thick single-layer resin film (wedge angle 0 mrad) and laminated glass in the same manner as above, except that the heat-shielding material shown in Table 2 below was used in the amounts (amount in 100% by weight of the resin film) specified in conditions 1 to 3. The obtained resin film contained 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and the heat-shielding material in the amounts specified in conditions 1 to 3. The solar transmittance of the obtained laminated glass was measured. As a result, the relationship shown in Table 2 below was obtained.

[0063]

[0064] The heat-shielding materials in Table 2 are as follows: 43V: Vanadium phthalocyanine compound ("NIR-43V" manufactured by Yamada Chemical Co., Ltd.) ITO: Tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) CWO: Cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles)

[0065] In addition to the single-layer resin film having the composition according to conditions 1 to 3 in Table 2 and a wedge angle of 0 mrad, the inventors also prepared wedge-shaped single-layer resin films (cross-sectional shapes shown in Figure 1) having the composition according to conditions 1 to 3 in Table 2 and wedge angles of 0.24 mrad and 0.84 mrad. As described below, Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention. In the preceding paragraphs, Figure 1 was cited to facilitate understanding of the cross-sectional shape of the resin film. The resulting resin film contained 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and the heat-shielding substance in the amounts specified in conditions 1 to 3. Using the resulting wedge-shaped resin film, laminated glass was prepared according to the method for preparing laminated glass A described above, and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass was measured. The solar transmittance was measured at the minimum and maximum thickness positions of the wedge-shaped resin film. As a result, the relationship between the resin film thickness and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass was obtained as shown in Table 3 below.

[0066]

[0067] From the results of Table 3 above, the following formula (LB) is calculated, and the relationship in Fig. 7 is derived. In the following formula (LB1), T2 is the minimum value of the thickness of the resin film.

[0068]

[0069] The above formula (LB) means that if the thickness and solar transmittance at a certain position are known, the solar transmittance at another position can be calculated by measuring the thickness at that other position. Therefore, from the above formula (LB), the difference (ΔTts ｉｄｅａｌ) is calculated by the following formula (0). In the following formula (0), position (1) is the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, and T1 is the thickness of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness position (X1). In the following formula (0), position (2) is the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, and T2 is the thickness of the interlayer film at the minimum thickness position (X2).

[0070]

[0071] This ΔTts ｉｄｅａｌ If ΔTts is smaller than ΔTts, it means that unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass is suppressed. In other words, the fact that the interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the above formula (1) means that unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass is suppressed.

[0072] Methods for satisfying the above formula (1) include a method for adjusting the concentration distribution of the heat-shielding material in the thickness direction by a feed block method, a method for adjusting the concentration distribution of the heat-shielding material in the thickness direction by a mold method, and a method for bonding a layer containing a heat-shielding material with a small deviation in Tts to a layer not containing a heat-shielding material.

[0073] In the above formula (1), ΔTts>0 may be satisfied, ΔTts<0 may be satisfied, or ΔTts=0 may be satisfied.

[0074] Tts2 is preferably 79% or less, more preferably 77% or less, even more preferably 75% or less, particularly preferably 73% or less, and most preferably 71% or less. When Tts2 is equal to or less than the upper limit, the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass can be further improved and unevenness in the heat-shielding performance can be more effectively suppressed. Note that Tts2 may be 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, or 45% or more.

[0075] The position (1) is preferably the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end. The position (2) is preferably the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end. In the case of an interlayer film having this preferred configuration, the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness position (X1) and the thickness of the interlayer film at the minimum thickness position (X2) is 25 μm or more.

[0076] The interlayer film preferably satisfies the following formula (2): In this case, unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed.

[0077]

[0078] In the above formula (2), ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​represented by the above formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0079] In the above formula (2), K is 0.95, but K is preferably 0.90, more preferably 0.85, more preferably 0.80, more preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.70, even more preferably 0.65, even more preferably 0.60, and particularly preferably 0.50. In this case, unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively. When K in the above formula (2) is changed to one of these preferred values, it is preferable that the interlayer film satisfies the changed formula (2).

[0080] The interlayer film preferably satisfies the following formula (3): In this case, unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass can be more effectively suppressed.

[0081]

[0082] In the above formula (3), ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​represented by the above formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.95.

[0083] In the above formula (3), K is 0.95, but K is preferably 0.90, more preferably 0.85, more preferably 0.80, more preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.70, even more preferably 0.65, even more preferably 0.60, and particularly preferably 0.50. In this case, unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively. When K in the above formula (3) is changed to one of these preferred values, it is preferable that the interlayer film satisfies the changed formula (3).

[0084] The distance (X) between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is preferably 400 mm or more, more preferably 500 mm or more, even more preferably 600 mm or more, even more preferably 700 mm or more, even more preferably 800 mm or more, particularly preferably 900 mm or more, and most preferably 1000 mm or more, and is preferably 3000 mm or less, more preferably 2500 mm or less, even more preferably 2000 mm or less, even more preferably 1900 mm or less, even more preferably 1800 mm or less, and particularly preferably 1700 mm or less.

[0085] The position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be different from the position (1) and different from the position (2). The position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be the position (1) or the position (2).

[0086] The position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value within the range of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end may be within the range of 0.15X to 0.85X from one end to the other end, or may be within the range of 0.2X to 0.8X. In this case, the heat-shielding performance of the laminated glass can be further improved.

[0087] The position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be different from the position (1) and may be different from the position (2). The position at which the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be the position (1) or the position (2).

[0088] The maximum solar transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end is preferably 79% or less, more preferably 76% or less, more preferably 74% or less, more preferably 72% or less, even more preferably 70% or less, even more preferably 68% or less, even more preferably 66% or less, and particularly preferably 64% or less. When the maximum value is equal to or less than the upper limit, the heat-shielding performance can be further improved. The maximum solar transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end may be 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, or 45% or more.

[0089] The maximum visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film to the other end is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 62% or more, more preferably 64% or more, even more preferably 66% or more, even more preferably 68% or more, even more preferably 70% or more, particularly preferably 72% or more, and most preferably 74% or more, and is preferably 88% or less, more preferably 87% or less, more preferably 86% or less, more preferably 85% or less, even more preferably 83% or less, even more preferably 81% or less, even more preferably 80% or less, particularly preferably 78% or less, and most preferably 76% or less. When the maximum value is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, visibility can be improved.

[0090] The position at which the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value of the visible light transmittance within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be different from the position (1) and may be different from the position (2). The position at which the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value of the visible light transmittance within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be the position (1) or the position (2).

[0091] The position at which the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum visible light transmittance within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end may be within the region of 0.15X to 0.85X or within the region of 0.2X to 0.8X from one end to the other end.

[0092] The position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be different from the position (1) and may be different from the position (2). The position at which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the minimum value within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end may be the position (1) or the position (2).

[0093] In the laminated glass A, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (1) is defined as Tv1 (%), and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (2) is defined as Tv2 (%).

[0094] Tv1 is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 65% ​​or more, even more preferably 70% or more, even more preferably 72% or more, even more preferably 73% or more, particularly preferably 74% or more, most preferably 75% or more, preferably 88% or less, more preferably 87% or less, more preferably 86% or less, more preferably 85%, even more preferably 83% or less, even more preferably 81% or less, even more preferably 80% or less, particularly preferably 78% or less, most preferably 76% or less. When Tv1 is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, visibility can be improved.

[0095] Tv2 is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 65% ​​or more, even more preferably 70% or more, even more preferably 72% or more, even more preferably 73% or more, particularly preferably 74% or more, most preferably 75% or more, preferably 88% or less, more preferably 87% or less, more preferably 86% or less, more preferably 85% or less, even more preferably 83% or less, even more preferably 81% or less, even more preferably 80% or less, particularly preferably 78% or less, most preferably 76% or less. When Tv2 is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, visibility can be improved.

[0096] The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is measured using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) in accordance with JIS R3212: 2015. The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is the visible light transmittance at wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0097] Furthermore, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end can be measured, for example, starting from a position of 0.1X from one end to the other end and at positions 100 mm apart from one end toward the other end.

[0098] The interlayer film preferably has a region in which the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more, more preferably 0.10 mrad or more, and even more preferably 0.15 mrad or more, and preferably has a region in which it is 2.00 mrad or less, more preferably 1.75 mrad or less, and even more preferably has a region in which it is 1.50 mrad or less. In this case, ghosting can be suppressed even more effectively.

[0099] The partial wedge angle at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is determined as follows.

[0100] The thickness of the interlayer film is measured in a direction connecting the one end and the other end. Points A are selected at 1 mm intervals, starting from a position 200 mm from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end and ending from a position 200 mm from the other end toward the one end of the interlayer film. In each 400 mm partial region centered at each point A in the direction connecting the one end and the other end, a linear line is obtained by the least squares method, with the distance (unit: mm) from the one end toward the other end as the x-axis and the thickness (unit: μm) of the interlayer film as the y-axis. The interior angle between the obtained linear line and the line y = 0 is defined as the partial wedge angle at point A.

[0101] In order to suppress double images, the wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film can be appropriately set according to the installation angle of the laminated glass.

[0102] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film may be 0.05 mrad or more, or may be less than 0.05 mrad. From the viewpoint of further suppressing double images, the wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film is preferably 0.1 mrad (0.00575 degrees) or more, more preferably 0.2 mrad (0.0115 degrees) or more, and preferably 2 mrad (0.1146 degrees) or less, more preferably 0.7 mrad (0.0401 degrees) or less. When the wedge angle (θ) is equal to or greater than the lower limit, laminated glass suitable for vehicles with a large windshield installation angle, such as trucks and buses, can be obtained. When the wedge angle (θ) is equal to or less than the upper limit, laminated glass suitable for vehicles with a small windshield installation angle, such as sports cars, can be obtained.

[0103] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film is the angle between a linear line obtained by the least squares method and a line of y=0, where the distance (unit: mm) in the direction connecting one end to the other end of the interlayer film is the x-axis and the thickness (unit: μm) of the interlayer film is the y-axis, in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end.

[0104] The minimum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, even more preferably 0.2 mm or more, even more preferably 0.3 mm or more, even more preferably 0.4 mm or more, particularly preferably 0.5 mm or more, and most preferably 0.6 mm or more, and is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.5 mm or less, even more preferably 2.25 mm or less, even more preferably 2 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or less.

[0105] The absolute value of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 25 μm or more, more preferably 50 μm or more, even more preferably 100 μm or more, particularly preferably 150 μm or more, and most preferably 200 μm or more, and is preferably 3000 μm or less, more preferably 2000 μm or less, even more preferably 1750 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1500 μm or less. When the absolute value of the difference is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, double images in the laminated glass can be effectively suppressed.

[0106] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film can be measured using a contact-type thickness measuring instrument "TOF-4R" (manufactured by Yamabun Denki Co., Ltd.).

[0107] The thickness is measured using the above-mentioned measuring device at a membrane transport speed of 2.00 mm / min to 2.25 mm / min from one end to the other end over the shortest distance.

[0108] The wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film after it has been formed into laminated glass and the thickness of the interlayer film can be measured with a non-contact multilayer film thickness measuring device such as "OPTIGAUGE" (manufactured by Lumetrics). By using this measuring device, the thickness of the interlayer film can be measured in the form of laminated glass.

[0109] The interlayer film has a single layer structure or a two or more layer structure. The interlayer film may have a single layer structure, a two or more layer structure, or a two or more layer structure. The interlayer film may have a three-layer structure, a three or more layer structure, a four-layer structure, a four or more layer structure, a five or more layer structure, or a five or more layer structure. The interlayer film may include only a first layer. The interlayer film may include a first layer and a second layer disposed on a first surface side of the first layer. The interlayer film may include a first layer, a second layer disposed on a first surface side of the first layer, and a third layer disposed on a second surface side of the first layer opposite the first surface. The interlayer film may include a fourth layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The interlayer film may include a fifth layer disposed between the first layer and the third layer. The interlayer film may be a single-layer interlayer film or a multi-layer interlayer film. The structure of the interlayer film may be partially different. For example, the interlayer film may have a portion with a single-layer structure and a portion with a multi-layer structure. The interlayer film may have a structure of 10 layers or less, or a structure of 5 layers or less.

[0110] In the interlayer film, the first layer may or may not be a heat shield layer. The second layer may or may not be a heat shield layer. The third layer may or may not be a heat shield layer. The fourth layer may or may not be a heat shield layer. The fifth layer may or may not be a heat shield layer.

[0111] The glass transition point of the heat shield layer is 15°C or higher, preferably 16°C or higher, more preferably 17°C or higher, and preferably 30°C or lower, more preferably 25°C or lower.

[0112] Of the total planar area (100%) of the interlayer film, the planar area of ​​the portion where the heat shield layer is present is preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, even more preferably 85% or more, even more preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 100%. When the planar area of ​​the portion where the heat shield layer is present is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be even more effectively exhibited. Note that, of the total planar area (100%) of the interlayer film, the planar area of ​​the portion where the heat shield layer is present may be 100% or less, less than 100%, or 95% or less.

[0113] From the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulation performance of the laminated glass, the interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C, and more preferably includes two or more layers having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The first layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The second layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The third layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The fourth layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The fifth layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. The layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C may contain a heat-shielding substance.

[0114] The glass transition temperature of each layer of the interlayer film is measured as follows.

[0115] The interlayer film is stored for at least one month at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 30%. If the interlayer film is single-layered, it is cut into a piece with a diameter of 8 mm to prepare a test piece. If the interlayer film is multilayered, each layer is peeled off and press-molded using a press molding machine to obtain a test piece for the layer to be measured. The glass transition point of each test piece is measured. Examples of devices for measuring the glass transition point include the "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments. The glass transition point is measured using a parallel plate with a diameter of 8 mm as a jig, under conditions of decreasing the temperature from 100°C to -10°C at a rate of 3°C / min, a frequency of 1 Hz, and a strain of 1%. The peak temperature of the loss tangent in the measurement results obtained is taken as the glass transition point (°C).

[0116] The interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The first layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The second layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The third layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The fourth layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The fifth layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The heat shield layer may be the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The interlayer film may include only one layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C, or may include two or more layers. The interlayer film may include 10 or less layers, or may include 5 or less layers, having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.

[0117] The storage modulus at 20°C of the layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C is preferably 5 MPa or more, more preferably 6 MPa or more, and preferably 100 MPa or less, more preferably 80 MPa or less, and even more preferably 60 MPa or less.

[0118] The storage modulus at 20° C. of each layer of the interlayer film is measured as follows.

[0119] If the interlayer film is single-layered, it is cut to a size suitable for the jig to prepare a test specimen. If the interlayer film is multi-layered, the layers are peeled off and press-molded using a press molding machine to obtain a test specimen for the layer to be measured. In the case of laminated glass, the laminated glass may be cooled with liquid nitrogen or the like, and then the laminated glass member and the interlayer film may be peeled off, and a test specimen may be prepared from the peeled interlayer film. Shear viscoelasticity is measured on the test specimen at 20°C in the range of 50 to 100 Hz to measure the storage modulus. Examples of viscoelasticity measuring devices include the "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments and the "DVA-200" manufactured by IT Measurement & Control Co., Ltd.

[0120] From the viewpoint of improving visibility, the refractive index of the interlayer film is preferably 1.46 or more, more preferably 1.47 or more, even more preferably 1.48 or more, and preferably 1.60 or less, more preferably 1.55 or less, even more preferably 1.53 or less.

[0121] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. One end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to one end of the interlayer film. The other end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to the other end of the interlayer film. The distance between one end and the other end of the interlayer film is X.

[0122] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a cross section of an interlayer film 11 in the thickness direction is shown.

[0123] The intermediate film 11 has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11 is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11 has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0124] The interlayer film 11 includes a first layer 1. The interlayer film 11 has a single-layer structure. In the first layer 1, the thickness at one end of the first layer 1 is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1. The first layer 1 has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1 to the other end. In the first layer 1, the amount of increase in thickness is constant from one end of the first layer 1 to the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1 in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0125] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11 within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11 is the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11 within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11 is the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0126] 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11A.

[0127] The intermediate film 11A has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11A at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11A has a region in which the thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0128] The intermediate film 11A includes a first layer 1A, a second layer 2A, and a third layer 3A. The intermediate film 11A has a three-layer structure. The first layer 1A has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1A are surfaces that face each other. The second layer 2A is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1A and is laminated therewith. The third layer 3A is disposed on the second surface side of the first layer 1A and is laminated therewith. The first layer 1A is an intermediate layer. The second layer 2A and the third layer 3A are each surface layers.

[0129] The thickness of the first layer 1A at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end. The first layer 1A has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1A. The amount of increase in thickness of the first layer 1A is constant from one end to the other end of the first layer 1A. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0130] The thickness of the second layer 2A at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2A at the other end. The second layer 2A has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2A. The amount of increase in thickness of the second layer 2A is constant from one end to the other end of the second layer 2A. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0131] The thickness of the third layer 3A at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end. The third layer 3A has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3A. The amount of increase in thickness of the third layer 3A is constant from one end to the other end of the third layer 3A. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0132] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11A within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11A is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11A within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11A is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0133] 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11B.

[0134] The intermediate film 11B has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11B is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11B has a region in which the thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0135] The intermediate film 11B includes a first layer 1B, a second layer 2B, a third layer 3B, a fourth layer 4B, and a fifth layer 5B. The intermediate film 11B has a five-layer structure. The first layer 1B has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1B are opposite each other. A fourth layer 4B is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1B. A fifth layer 5B is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1B. A second layer 2B is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4B opposite the first layer 1B side. A third layer 3B is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fifth layer 5B opposite the first layer 1B side. The first layer 1B, the fourth layer 4B, and the fifth layer 5B are intermediate layers. The second layer 2B and the third layer 3B are each a surface layer.

[0136] In the first layer 1B, the thickness at one end of the first layer 1B is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1B. The first layer 1B has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1B to the other end. In the first layer 1B, the amount of increase in thickness is constant from one end of the first layer 1B to the other end. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0137] The thickness of the second layer 2B at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2B at the other end. The second layer 2B has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2B. The amount of increase in thickness of the second layer 2B is constant from one end to the other end of the second layer 2B. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0138] The thickness of the third layer 3B at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3B. The third layer 3B has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3B. The amount of increase in thickness of the third layer 3B is constant from one end to the other end of the third layer 3B. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0139] The thickness of the fourth layer 4B at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fourth layer 4B. The fourth layer 4B has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4B. The amount of increase in thickness of the fourth layer 4B is constant from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4B. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0140] The thickness of the fifth layer 5B at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fifth layer 5B. The fifth layer 5B has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5B. The amount of increase in thickness of the fifth layer 5B is constant from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5B. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0141] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11B within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11B is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11B within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11B is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0142] 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11C.

[0143] The intermediate film 11C has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11C is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11C has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0144] The interlayer film 11C includes a first layer 1C, a second layer 2C, a third layer 3C, a fourth layer 4C, and a fifth layer 5C. The interlayer film 11C has a five-layer structure. The first layer 1C has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1C are opposite each other. A fourth layer 4C is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1C. A fifth layer 5C is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1C. A second layer 2C is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4C opposite the first layer 1C. A third layer 3C is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fifth layer 5C opposite the first layer 1C. The first layer 1C, the fourth layer 4C, and the fifth layer 5C are intermediate layers. The second layer 2C and the third layer 3C are each a surface layer.

[0145] The thickness of the first layer 1C at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the first layer 1C. The first layer 1C has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1C. The amount of increase in thickness of the first layer 1C is constant from one end to the other end of the first layer 1C. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0146] The thickness of the second layer 2C at one end is greater than the thickness of the second layer 2C at the other end. The second layer 2C has a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2C. The amount of decrease in thickness of the second layer 2C is constant from one end to the other end of the second layer 2C. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0147] The thickness of the third layer 3C at one end is greater than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3C. The third layer 3C has a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3C. The amount of decrease in thickness of the third layer 3C is constant from one end to the other end of the third layer 3C. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0148] The thickness of the fourth layer 4C at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fourth layer 4C. The fourth layer 4C has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4C. The amount of increase in thickness of the fourth layer 4C is constant from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4C. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0149] The thickness of the fifth layer 5C at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fifth layer 5C. The fifth layer 5C has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5C. The amount of increase in thickness of the fifth layer 5C is constant from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5C. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0150] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11C within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11C is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11C within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11C is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0151] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11D.

[0152] The intermediate film 11D has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the one end 11a of the intermediate film 11D is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11D has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0153] The interlayer film 11D includes a first layer 1D, a second layer 2D, a third layer 3D, a fourth layer 4D, and a fifth layer 5D. The interlayer film 11D has a five-layer structure. The first layer 1D has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1D are opposite each other. A fourth layer 4D is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1D. A fifth layer 5D is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1D. A second layer 2D is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4D opposite the first layer 1D side. A third layer 3D is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fifth layer 5D opposite the first layer 1D side. The first layer 1D, the fourth layer 4D, and the fifth layer 5D are intermediate layers. The second layer 2D and the third layer 3D are each a surface layer.

[0154] The thickness of the first layer 1D at one end is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1D. The first layer 1D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1D. The first layer 1D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1D. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0155] The thickness of the second layer 2D at one end is thinner than the thickness of the second layer 2D at the other end. The second layer 2D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2D. The second layer 2D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2D. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0156] The thickness of the third layer 3D at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3D. The third layer 3D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3D. The third layer 3D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3D. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0157] The thickness of the fourth layer 4D at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fourth layer 4D. The fourth layer 4D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4D. The fourth layer 4D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4D. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0158] The thickness of the fifth layer 5D at one end is thinner than the thickness of the other end of the fifth layer 5D. The fifth layer 5D has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5D. The fifth layer 5D has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5D. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0159] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11D within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11D is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11D within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11D is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0160] 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, showing a cross section in the thickness direction of an interlayer film 11E.

[0161] The intermediate film 11E has one end 11a and the other end 11b. The thickness of the intermediate film 11E at the one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b. The intermediate film 11E has a region whose thickness increases from the one end 11a toward the other end 11b.

[0162] The intermediate film 11E includes a first layer 1E, a second layer 2E, a third layer 3E, a fourth layer 4E, and a fifth layer 5E. The intermediate film 11E has a five-layer structure. The first layer 1E has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1E are opposite each other. A fourth layer 4E is disposed and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1E. A fifth layer 5E is disposed and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1E. A second layer 2E is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4E opposite the first layer 1E side. A third layer 3E is disposed and stacked on the surface side of the fifth layer 5E opposite the first layer 1E side. The first layer 1E, the fourth layer 4E, and the fifth layer 5E are intermediate layers. The second layer 2E and the third layer 3E are each a surface layer.

[0163] In the first layer 1E, the thickness at one end of the first layer 1E is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1E. The first layer 1E has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1E. The first layer 1E has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the first layer 1E. The cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0164] The thickness of the second layer 2E at one end is greater than the thickness of the second layer 2E at the other end. The second layer 2E has a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2E. The second layer 2E has a portion where the amount of thickness decrease is greater within the region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2E. The cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0165] The thickness of the third layer 3E at one end is greater than the thickness of the other end of the third layer 3E. The third layer 3E has a region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3E. The third layer 3E has a portion where the amount of thickness decrease is greater within the region where the thickness decreases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3E. The cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0166] The fourth layer 4E has a thickness at one end that is thinner than the thickness at the other end. The fourth layer 4E has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4E. The fourth layer 4E has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fourth layer 4E. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0167] The fifth layer 5E has a thickness at one end that is thinner than the thickness at the other end. The fifth layer 5E has a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5E. The fifth layer 5E has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is greater within the region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the fifth layer 5E. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.

[0168] The maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11E within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11E is at the position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. The minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11E within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11E is at the position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b.

[0169] Hereinafter, the details of each layer constituting the interlayer film according to the present invention and the details of each component contained in each layer will be described.

[0170] (Heat-shielding material) The intermediate film includes a heat-shielding material. The first layer may or may not include a heat-shielding material. The second layer may or may not include a heat-shielding material. The third layer may or may not include a heat-shielding material. The fourth layer may or may not include a heat-shielding material. The fifth layer may or may not include a heat-shielding material. The intermediate film includes a layer including a heat-shielding material (heat-shielding layer). The first layer may or may not be a heat-shielding layer. The second layer may or may not be a heat-shielding layer. The third layer may or may not be a heat-shielding layer. The fourth layer may or may not be a heat-shielding layer. The fifth layer may or may not be a heat-shielding layer. The heat-shielding layer includes a heat-shielding material. The heat-shielding material may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0171] A heat-shielding substance is a component that absorbs a relatively large amount of light of wavelengths outside the visible light region.

[0172] The heat-shielding material preferably contains at least one component X selected from a phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound, and an anthracyanine compound, or contains heat-shielding particles. In this case, the heat-shielding material may contain both the component X and the heat-shielding particles.

[0173] The content of the heat-shielding substance in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the heat-shielding substance (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, or fifth layer) is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, even more preferably 1% by weight or more, particularly preferably 1.5% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less, and most preferably 3% by weight or less. When the content of the heat-shielding substance is at least the above-mentioned lower limit and at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding property is sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently high.

[0174] Component X: The interlayer film preferably contains at least one component X selected from a phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound, and an anthracyanine compound. The first layer preferably contains the component X. The second layer preferably contains the component X. The third layer preferably contains the component X. The fourth layer preferably contains the component X. The fifth layer preferably contains the component X. The heat-shielding layer preferably contains the component X. The component X is a heat-shielding material. Only one type of component X may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0175] There are no particular restrictions on the component X. As the component X, conventionally known phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and anthracyanine compounds can be used.

[0176] Examples of the component X include phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine derivatives, anthracyanine, and anthracyanine derivatives. The phthalocyanine compound and the phthalocyanine derivative preferably have a phthalocyanine skeleton. The naphthalocyanine compound and the naphthalocyanine derivative preferably have a naphthalocyanine skeleton. The anthracyanine compound and the anthracyanine derivative preferably have an anthracyanine skeleton.

[0177] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the component X is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine derivatives, and more preferably at least one of phthalocyanine and phthalocyanine derivatives.

[0178] From the viewpoint of effectively improving the heat-shielding properties and maintaining a higher visible light transmittance for a long period of time, the component X preferably contains a vanadium atom or a copper atom. The component X preferably contains a vanadium atom, and also preferably contains a copper atom. The component X is more preferably at least one of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom and a derivative of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the component X preferably has a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a vanadium atom.

[0179] The content of component X in 100 wt% of the interlayer film or 100 wt% of the layer containing component X (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, or fifth layer) is preferably 0.001 wt% or more, more preferably 0.005 wt% or more, even more preferably 0.01 wt% or more, particularly preferably 0.02 wt% or more, preferably 0.2 wt% or less, more preferably 0.1 wt% or less, even more preferably 0.05 wt% or less, and particularly preferably 0.04 wt% or less. When the content of component X is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit and equal to or less than the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding properties are sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently high. For example, it is possible to achieve a visible light transmittance of 70% or more.

[0180] Heat-shielding particles: The interlayer film preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The first layer preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The second layer preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The third layer preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The fourth layer preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The fifth layer preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The heat-shielding layer preferably contains heat-shielding particles. The heat-shielding particles are a heat-shielding material. The use of heat-shielding particles can effectively block infrared rays (heat rays). Only one type of heat-shielding particle may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0181] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass, the heat-shielding particles are more preferably metal oxide particles, and the heat-shielding particles are preferably particles formed from a metal oxide (metal oxide particles).

[0182] Infrared rays, which have wavelengths of 780 nm or more, which are longer than visible light, have a smaller amount of energy than ultraviolet rays. However, infrared rays have a large thermal effect, and when infrared rays are absorbed by a substance, they are released as heat. For this reason, infrared rays are generally called heat rays. By using the above heat-shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively blocked. Here, heat-shielding particles refer to particles that can absorb infrared rays.

[0183] Specific examples of the heat-shielding particles include metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles; and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB ６ ) particles, etc. Heat-shielding particles other than these may also be used. Metal oxide particles are preferred because of their high heat-ray shielding function, and ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO particles, ITO particles, or tungsten oxide particles are more preferred, with ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles being particularly preferred. In particular, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) are preferred because of their high heat-ray shielding function and ease of availability, and tungsten oxide particles are also preferred.

[0184] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the tungsten oxide particles are preferably metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. The "tungsten oxide particles" include metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. Specific examples of the metal-doped tungsten oxide particles include sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles.

[0185] From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are particularly preferred. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat-shielding properties of the interlayer film and laminated glass, the cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are represented by the formula: Cs ０．３３ WO ３ Preferably, the tungsten oxide particles are represented by the formula:

[0186] The average particle size of the heat-shielding particles is preferably 0.01 μm or more, more preferably 0.02 μm or more, and preferably 0.1 μm or less, more preferably 0.05 μm or less. When the average particle size is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the heat ray shielding property is sufficiently high. When the average particle size is equal to or less than the upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat-shielding particles is high.

[0187] The "average particle size" refers to the volume average particle size. The average particle size can be measured using a particle size distribution analyzer ("UPA-EX150" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) or the like.

[0188] The content of the heat-shielding particles (particularly the content of tungsten oxide particles) in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the heat-shielding particles (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, or fifth layer) is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, even more preferably 1% by weight or more, particularly preferably 1.5% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less, and most preferably 3% by weight or less. When the content of the heat-shielding particles is at least the above-mentioned lower limit and at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding property is sufficiently high, and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently high.

[0189] Other details of the heat-shielding material: The heat-shielding material contained in the interlayer film is preferably a vanadium phthalocyanine compound, ITO particles, or CWO particles, which can further improve the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass.

[0190] The distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film is designated by t. From the viewpoint of improving heat-shielding performance, the heat-shielding substance is preferably present in a region of 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the heat-shielding substance is preferably present in a region of more than 0.2t to 0.4t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the heat-shielding substance is preferably present in a region of more than 0.4t to 0.5t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface.

[0191] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat-shielding performance, the concentration of the heat-shielding material is preferably 0.2 wt % or less in the region from 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the concentration of the heat-shielding material is preferably 0.2 wt % or less in the region from more than 0.2t to 0.4t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the concentration of the heat-shielding material is preferably 0.2 wt % or less in the region from more than 0.4t to 0.59t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface.

[0192] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat-shielding performance, it is preferable that the heat-shielding material be present at the highest concentration, on a weight percent basis, in a region of 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface within the region of 0t to 1.0t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. From the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesive stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, it is preferable that the heat-shielding material be present at the highest concentration, on a weight percent basis, in a region of 0.41t to 0.59t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface within the region of 0t to 1.0t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. It is preferable that the content of the heat-shielding material in the region of 0.41t to 0.59t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface be higher, on a weight percent basis, than the content of the heat-shielding material in the region of 0t to 0.41t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface. It is preferable that the content of the heat-shielding material in the region from 0.41t to 0.59t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface is greater on a weight percent basis than the content of the heat-shielding material in the region from 0.59t to 1t from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface.

[0193] In the heat-shielding layer (a layer containing a heat-shielding substance and having a glass transition point of 15°C or higher), the heat-shielding substance preferably has a concentration distribution in the thickness direction. In the heat-shielding layer, the heat-shielding substance preferably is not uniformly present. In this case, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0194] The heat shield layer preferably has a region in the thickness direction where the concentration of the heat shielding material is 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.02% by weight or more, and even more preferably 0.03% by weight or more, and preferably has a region where the concentration is 5% by weight or less, and more preferably has a region where the concentration is 3% by weight or less. In this case, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0195] In the heat shield layer, the absolute value of the difference in the thickness direction between the concentration of the heat shield material in the region where the concentration is highest and the concentration of the heat shield material in the region where the concentration is lowest is preferably 0.01 wt % or more, preferably 0.02 wt % or more, more preferably 0.03 wt % or more, and is preferably 5 wt % or less. In this case, formula (1) is more easily satisfied and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited more effectively.

[0196] In the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, the concentration of the heat-shielding material in the heat-shielding layer is preferably 0.001 wt % or more, more preferably 0.003 wt % or more, even more preferably 0.005 wt % or more, still more preferably 0.007 wt % or more, and preferably 4 wt % or less, more preferably 2 wt % or less, and even more preferably 1.5 wt % or less. When the concentration of the heat-shielding material is at least the above lower limit and at most the above upper limit, it becomes easier to satisfy formula (1), and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0197] In the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position of the interlayer film, the concentration of the heat-shielding material in the heat-shielding layer is preferably 0.001 wt % or more, more preferably 0.003 wt % or more, even more preferably 0.005 wt % or more, still more preferably 0.007 wt % or more, and preferably 4 wt % or less, more preferably 2 wt % or less, and even more preferably 1.5 wt % or less. When the concentration of the heat-shielding material is at least the above lower limit and at most the above upper limit, it becomes easier to satisfy formula (1), and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0198] In the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, the concentration of the heat-shielding material in the heat-shielding layer is preferably 0.001 wt % or more, more preferably 0.003 wt % or more, even more preferably 0.005 wt % or more, still more preferably 0.007 wt % or more, and preferably 4 wt % or less, more preferably 2 wt % or less, and even more preferably 1.5 wt % or less. When the concentration of the heat-shielding material is at least the above lower limit and at most the above upper limit, it becomes easier to satisfy formula (1), and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0199] In the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position of the thermal barrier layer, the concentration of the thermal barrier material in the thermal barrier layer is preferably 0.001 wt % or more, more preferably 0.003 wt % or more, even more preferably 0.005 wt % or more, still more preferably 0.007 wt % or more, and preferably 4 wt % or less, more preferably 2 wt % or less, and even more preferably 1.5 wt % or less. When the concentration of the thermal barrier material is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it becomes easier to satisfy formula (1), and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0200] In the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position of the heat shield layer within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, the concentration of the heat shield material in the heat shield layer is preferably 0.001 wt % or more, more preferably 0.003 wt % or more, even more preferably 0.005 wt % or more, still more preferably 0.007 wt % or more, and preferably 4 wt % or less, more preferably 2 wt % or less, and even more preferably 1.5 wt % or less. When the concentration of the heat shield material is at least the above lower limit and at most the above upper limit, it becomes easier to satisfy formula (1), and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0201] The concentration of the heat-shielding material in the interlayer film in the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position of the interlayer film is defined as concentration (1). The concentration of the heat-shielding material in the interlayer film in the thickness direction at the minimum thickness position of the interlayer film is defined as concentration (2). The absolute value of the difference between concentration (1) and concentration (2) is preferably 0.01 wt% or more, more preferably 0.02 wt% or more, even more preferably 0.03 wt% or more, and preferably 5 wt% or less, more preferably 3 wt% or less. When the absolute value of the difference is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.

[0202] The concentration of the heat-shielding material in the interlayer film in the thickness direction at the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end is defined as concentration (X1). The concentration of the heat-shielding material in the interlayer film in the thickness direction at the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end of the interlayer film toward the other end is defined as concentration (X2). The absolute value of the difference between concentration (X1) and concentration (X2) is preferably 0.01 wt% or more, more preferably 0.02 wt% or more, even more preferably 0.03 wt% or more, and preferably 5 wt% or less, more preferably 3 wt% or less. When the absolute value of the difference is equal to or greater than the lower limit and equal to or less than the upper limit, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0203] The layer having a glass transition point of less than 15° C. preferably contains a heat-shielding material, which can further enhance the heat-shielding properties of the laminated glass.

[0204] The content of the heat-shielding substance in 100% by weight of the layer having a glass transition point of less than 15° C. is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.02% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.03% by weight or more, still more preferably 0.05% by weight or more, and preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less. When the content of the heat-shielding substance is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the heat-shielding property is sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently high.

[0205] The interlayer film may contain only one type of the heat-shielding material, or may contain two types, two or more types, or three or more types. The interlayer film may contain 10 or less types of the heat-shielding material, or may contain five or less types.

[0206] The content of the heat-shielding material (total content of the heat-shielding material) in 100% by weight of the interlayer film is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.002% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, still more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, and preferably 2.0% by weight or less, more preferably 1.0% by weight or less. In this case, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0207] When the interlayer film contains two or more types of heat-shielding materials, the content of at least one type of heat-shielding material, relative to 100% by weight of the interlayer film, is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, and preferably 1.0% by weight or less. In this case, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0208] When the interlayer film contains two or more types of heat-shielding materials, the content of each of the two or more types of heat-shielding materials relative to 100% by weight of the interlayer film is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, and preferably 1.0% by weight or less. In this case, formula (1) is more easily satisfied, and the effects of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.

[0209] (Colorant) The interlayer film preferably contains a colorant. The first layer may or may not contain a colorant. The second layer may or may not contain a colorant. The third layer may or may not contain a colorant. The fourth layer may or may not contain a colorant. The fifth layer may or may not contain a colorant. The heat-shielding layer may or may not contain a colorant. The interlayer film preferably includes a layer containing a colorant (colored layer). The first layer may or may not be a colored layer. The second layer may or may not be a colored layer. The third layer may or may not be a colored layer. The fourth layer may or may not be a colored layer. The fifth layer may or may not be a colored layer. The colorant is different from the heat-shielding material.

[0210] By including the colorant in the interlayer film, ＊ a ＊ b ＊ Color coordinate L in the color system ＊ , a ＊ or b ＊ The colorant is preferably a component capable of adjusting the color. Examples of the colorant include dyes and pigments.

[0211] Examples of the dye include pyrene-based dyes, aminoketone-based dyes, anthraquinone-based dyes, azo-based dyes, etc. The dyes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0212] Examples of the pyrene dye include Solvent Green 5 (CAS 79869-59-3) and Solvent Green 7 (CAS 6358-69-6).

[0213] Examples of the aminoketone dyes include Solvent Yellow 98 (CAS 12671-74-8), Solvent Yellow 85 (CAS 12271-01-1), Solvent Red 179 (CAS 8910-94-5), and Solvent Red 135 (CAS 71902-17-5).

[0214] Examples of the anthraquinone dyes include Solvent Yellow 163 (CAS 13676091-0), Solvent Red 207 (CAS 15958-69-6), Disperse Red 92 (CAS 12236-11-2), Solvent Violet 13 (CAS 81-48-1), Disperse Violet 31 (CAS 6408-72-6), Solvent Blue 97 (CAS 61969-44-6), Solvent Blue 45 (CAS 37229-23-5), Solvent Blue 104 (CAS 116-75-6), and Disperse Red 92 (CAS 12236-11-2). Blue 214 (CAS 104491-84-1) and the like.

[0215] Examples of the azo dyes include Solvent Yellow 30 (CAS 3321-10-4), Solvent Red 164 (CAS 70956-30-8), and Disperse Blue 146 (CAS 88650-91-3).

[0216] The pigment may be an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment. The organic pigment may be an organic pigment having a metal atom or an organic pigment not having a metal atom. Only one type of the pigment may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0217] Examples of the organic pigment include phthalocyanine compounds, quinacridone compounds, azo compounds, pentaphene compounds, perylene compounds, indole compounds, and dioxazine compounds.

[0218] From the viewpoint of enhancing design, the colorant is preferably a dye or a pigment, and the interlayer film preferably contains a dye or a pigment.

[0219] The content of the colorant in 100% by weight of the layer containing the colorant is preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.0003% by weight or more, and preferably 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.7% by weight or less, and even more preferably 0.5% by weight or less. When the content of the colorant is equal to or more than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, a high Tv value can be maintained. Furthermore, when the content of the colorant is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the haze of the laminated glass can be further reduced.

[0220] (Thermoplastic resin) The intermediate film preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The first layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The second layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The third layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The fourth layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The fifth layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. The heat shield layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. Only one type of thermoplastic resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0221] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, (meth)acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, ionomer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, etc. Thermoplastic resins other than these may also be used.

[0222] The interlayer film preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The first layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The second layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The third layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The fourth layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The fifth layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The heat shield layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin. The thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. Only one type of polyvinyl acetal resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0223] The content of polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of thermoplastic resin contained in each layer constituting the interlayer (the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, or the heat shield layer) is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, most preferably 90% by weight or more, and preferably 100% by weight or less. The main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in each layer constituting the interlayer is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0224] (Plasticizer) From the viewpoint of further increasing the adhesive strength of the interlayer film, it is preferable that the interlayer film contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the first layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the second layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the third layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the fourth layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the fifth layer contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the heat shield layer contains a plasticizer. When the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is a polyvinyl acetal resin, it is particularly preferable that the interlayer film (each layer) contains a plasticizer. It is preferable that the layer containing the polyvinyl acetal resin contains a plasticizer. Only one type of plasticizer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0225] The plasticizer is not particularly limited. Any conventionally known plasticizer can be used as the plasticizer. Only one type of plasticizer may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0226] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphate plasticizers, and organic phosphite plasticizers. The plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer. The plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.

[0227] Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include glycol esters obtained by reacting glycol with a monobasic organic acid. Examples of the glycol include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. Examples of the monobasic organic acid include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptyl acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, n-nonylic acid, decylic acid, and benzoic acid.

[0228] Examples of the polybasic organic acid ester include ester compounds of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure and having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of the polybasic organic acid include adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid.

[0229] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutylene. Examples of suitable organic ester plasticizers include diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl adipate and nonyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified alkyd sebacate, and a mixture of a phosphate ester and an adipate. Organic ester plasticizers other than those listed above may also be used as the organic ester plasticizer. Furthermore, adipate esters other than the above-mentioned adipate esters may also be used as the adipate ester.

[0230] Examples of the organic phosphoric acid plasticizer include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, and triisopropyl phosphate.

[0231] The plasticizer preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate. The plasticizer more preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), and even more preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).

[0232] The content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, and is preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 60 parts by weight or less, even more preferably 50 parts by weight or less. When the content of the plasticizer is at least the above-mentioned lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further improved. When the content of the plasticizer is at most the above-mentioned upper limit, the transparency of the interlayer film is further improved.

[0233] (Other Components) The interlayer film, the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, and the heat-shielding layer may each contain components other than the above-mentioned components, as necessary. Examples of the other components include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, coupling agents, dispersants, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, adhesion modifiers (alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, etc.), moisture-resistant agents, fluorescent brighteners, and infrared absorbers. Each of these other components may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0234] (Other Details of the Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass) As described above, one end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to one end of the interlayer film, and the other end of each layer of the interlayer film corresponds to the other end of the interlayer film.

[0235] In the first layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0236] The first layer may have a region of increasing thickness or a region of decreasing thickness from the one end of the first layer to the other end of the first layer. The first layer may have a region of increasing thickness and a region of decreasing thickness from the one end of the first layer to the other end of the first layer.

[0237] The first layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness increases and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the first layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the first layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the first layer.

[0238] The first layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the first layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the first layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the first layer.

[0239] The cross-sectional shape of the first layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0240] In the second layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0241] The second layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end of the second layer to the other end of the second layer. The second layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end of the second layer to the other end of the second layer.

[0242] The second layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is large and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the second layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the second layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the second layer.

[0243] The second layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the second layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the second layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the second layer.

[0244] The cross-sectional shape of the second layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0245] In the third layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0246] The third layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. The third layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer.

[0247] The third layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is large or a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. The amount of increase in thickness of the third layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the third layer.

[0248] The third layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. The amount of thickness reduction of the third layer may be constant from the one end to the other end of the third layer.

[0249] The cross-sectional shape of the third layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0250] In the fourth layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0251] The fourth layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. The fourth layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.

[0252] The fourth layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is large or a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. The fourth layer may have a constant amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.

[0253] The fourth layer may have a portion where the amount of thickness reduction increases or a portion where the amount of thickness reduction decreases within a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. The fourth layer may have a constant amount of thickness reduction from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.

[0254] The cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0255] In the fifth layer, the thickness at one end and the thickness at the other end may be the same, the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0256] The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer. The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.

[0257] The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer, and may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness increases and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases. The fifth layer may have a constant amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.

[0258] The fifth layer may have a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer, the region having a greater amount of thickness decrease, or the fifth layer may have a region where the amount of thickness decrease decreases. The fifth layer may have a constant amount of thickness decrease from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.

[0259] The cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0260] In the heat shield layer, the thickness at one end may be the same as the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thinner than the thickness at the other end, or the thickness at one end may be thicker than the thickness at the other end.

[0261] The thermal barrier layer may have a region where the thickness increases or decreases from the one end to the other end of the thermal barrier layer. The thermal barrier layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the thermal barrier layer.

[0262] The thermal barrier layer may have a portion where the amount of increase in thickness increases and a portion where the amount of increase in thickness decreases in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the thermal barrier layer. In the thermal barrier layer, the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the thermal barrier layer may be constant.

[0263] The thermal barrier layer may have, in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the thermal barrier layer, a portion where the amount of decrease in thickness increases or a portion where the amount of decrease in thickness decreases. In the thermal barrier layer, the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the thermal barrier layer may be constant.

[0264] The cross-sectional shape of the heat shield layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0265] The interlayer film may be wound into a roll of the interlayer film. The roll may include a winding core and the interlayer film wound around the outer periphery of the winding core.

[0266] The method for producing the interlayer film is not particularly limited. In the case of a single-layer interlayer film, the method for producing the interlayer film includes extruding a resin composition using an extruder. In the case of a multi-layer interlayer film, the method for producing the interlayer film includes, for example, forming each layer using a resin composition for each layer, and then laminating the resulting layers. Furthermore, the method for producing the interlayer film includes co-extruding the resin compositions for each layer using an extruder to laminate the layers. A production method using extrusion molding is preferred because it is suitable for continuous production.

[0267] Examples of methods for laminating layers by co-extrusion include a method in which materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film, melted in one or more extruders, are joined in a mold, and a method in which each layer of the interlayer film is joined in a feed block. From the perspective of successfully producing an interlayer film that satisfies the above formula (1), the interlayer film manufacturing method preferably includes a step of joining materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film, melted in one or more extruders, in a mold, or a step of joining each layer of the interlayer film in a feed block. By adjusting the resin pressure of each layer to change the resin flow rate distribution or the resin flow rate of each layer before joining the layers by co-extrusion, a layer shape having a predetermined thickness can be formed, thereby successfully producing an interlayer film that satisfies the above formula (1). Specific methods for adjusting the flow rate include changing the gap or length of the flow path. From the perspective of successfully producing an interlayer film that satisfies the above formula (1), it is preferable that the flow rate of the molten resin containing the heat-shielding material in thicker areas of the resulting interlayer film is relatively smaller than in other areas. When forming the above-mentioned interlayer film having a structure of three or more layers by coextrusion, the molten resin supplied from one extruder may be branched and then the layers may be merged again to form two or more resin layers. Methods for branching the molten resin by coextrusion include branching in a molten resin transport pipe, branching in a flow path inside a feed block, and branching in a flow path inside a mold. In coextrusion, the flow path diameters and shapes of the molten resin transport pipes do not all need to be the same, and may all be the same. One or more extruders may be used in coextrusion.

[0268] In view of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin. In view of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer. In view of excellent production efficiency of the interlayer film, it is even more preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed from the same resin composition.

[0269] The interlayer film preferably has an uneven shape on at least one of its two surfaces. The interlayer film more preferably has an uneven shape on both surfaces. The method for forming the uneven shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lip embossing (melt fracture), embossing roll, calender roll, and profile extrusion.

[0270] From the viewpoint of improving degassing properties when the interlayer film is attached to a laminated glass member and from the viewpoint of uniformity of the roughness distribution, the interlayer film preferably has an uneven surface imparted by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method.

[0271] The ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the uneven surface is preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 5 μm or more, even more preferably 10 μm or more, still more preferably 15 μm or more, particularly preferably 20 μm or more, and preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 90 μm or less, even more preferably 80 μm or less, particularly preferably 70 μm or less, and most preferably 60 μm or less. When the ten-point average roughness (Rz) is at least the above lower limit and is at most the above upper limit, degassing performance during pressure bonding of the interlayer film and laminated glass member can be improved.

[0272] The ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the textured surface is measured in accordance with JIS B0601:1994. A measuring instrument for measuring the ten-point average roughness (Rz) may be, for example, a "Surfcorder SE300" manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd. More specifically, the ten-point average roughness (Rz) can be measured using a palpator needle with a tip radius of 2 μm and a tip angle of 60° under the following measurement conditions: cutoff value during measurement: 2.5 mm, reference length: 2.5 mm, measurement length: 12.5 mm, preliminary length: 2.5 mm, and palpator needle feed rate: 0.5 mm / sec, under an environment of 23°C and 30% RH. When the surface of the interlayer film is embossed with ruled lines, the ten-point average roughness (Rz) is measured by moving the palpator needle in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ruled lines.

[0273] The ratio of the average thickness of all layers having a glass transition point of less than 15° C. to the average thickness of the interlayer film (average thickness of all layers having a glass transition point of less than 15° C. / average thickness of the interlayer film) is preferably 0.03 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, even more preferably 0.07 or more, and preferably 0.3 or less, more preferably 0.25 or less. When the ratio (average thickness of all layers having a glass transition point of less than 15° C. / average thickness of the interlayer film) is equal to or greater than the above lower limit and equal to or less than the above upper limit, the sound insulation performance can be further improved.

[0274] (Laminated Glass) The laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-described interlayer film. In the laminated glass according to the present invention, the interlayer film is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

[0275] The laminated glass may be a head-up display. When the laminated glass is a head-up display, the laminated glass has a display area for the head-up display. The display area is an area where information can be displayed well.

[0276] A head-up display system can be obtained using the head-up display. The head-up display system includes the laminated glass and a light source device for irradiating the laminated glass with light for image display. The light source device can be attached to the dashboard of a vehicle, for example. An image can be displayed by irradiating the display area of ​​the laminated glass with light from the light source device.

[0277] The first laminated glass member is preferably a first glass plate, and the second laminated glass member is preferably a second glass plate.

[0278] Examples of the first and second laminated glass members include glass plates and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films. The laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like. The laminated glass is a laminate including glass plates, and preferably includes at least one glass plate. It is preferable that the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are each a glass plate or a PET film, and that the laminated glass includes a glass plate as at least one of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.

[0279] Examples of the glass plate include inorganic glass and organic glass. Examples of the inorganic glass include float glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflecting glass, polished glass, patterned glass, lined glass, and green glass. The organic glass is a synthetic resin glass that replaces inorganic glass. Examples of the organic glass include polycarbonate plates and poly(meth)acrylic resin plates. Examples of the poly(meth)acrylic resin plates include polymethyl(meth)acrylate plates.

[0280] The thickness of each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. When the laminated glass member is a glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. When the laminated glass member is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more and preferably 0.5 mm or less.

[0281] The cross-sectional shape of the first laminated glass member may be rectangular or wedge-shaped, and the cross-sectional shape of the second laminated glass member may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.

[0282] The method for producing the laminated glass is not particularly limited. First, an interlayer film is sandwiched between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminate. Next, the air remaining between the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film is removed, for example, by passing the obtained laminate through a pressure roll or placing it in a rubber bag and suctioning it under reduced pressure. Thereafter, a pre-bonded laminate is obtained by pre-bonding at approximately 70°C to 110°C. Next, the pre-bonded laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed at approximately 120°C to 150°C and a pressure of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. In this manner, a laminated glass can be obtained.

[0283] The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can also be used for applications other than these. The interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably interlayer films and laminated glass for vehicles or buildings, and more preferably interlayer films and laminated glass for vehicles. The interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used for automobile windshields, side windows, rear windows, roof glass, backlight glass, etc. The interlayer film and the laminated glass are preferably used in automobiles. The interlayer film is preferably used to obtain laminated glass for automobiles.

[0284] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0285] The polyvinyl acetal resin used was acetalized using n-butylaldehyde having a carbon number of 4. The degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization), degree of acetylation, and hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin were measured by a method conforming to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral." Note that when measured by ASTM D1396-92, the values ​​shown were similar to those obtained by the method conforming to JIS K6728 "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral."

[0286] The following materials were prepared:

[0287] (Thermoplastic resins) Polyvinyl acetal resin (1): Polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 69 mol% Polyvinyl acetal resin (2): Polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 3000, hydroxyl group content 22 mol%, acetylation degree 13 mol%, acetalization degree (butyralization degree) 65 mol%

[0288] (Plasticizer) 3GO: Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate

[0289] (Heat-shielding material) 43V: Vanadium phthalocyanine compound ("NIR-43V" manufactured by Yamada Chemical Co., Ltd.) ITO: Tin-doped indium oxide particles CWO: Cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles

[0290] (Ultraviolet absorber) Tinuvin 326: 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole ("Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF)

[0291] (Antioxidant) BHT: 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol

[0292] In the following examples and comparative examples, interlayer films were produced by blending the components in the amounts shown in Tables 4 to 6, co-extruding using a co-extruder, and joining the extruded materials in a feed block (FB) or mold. In Tables 4 to 6, the content of the plasticizer (3GO) is the content relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin, and the content of components other than the plasticizer is the content relative to 100% by weight of the material.

[0293]

[0294]

[0295]

[0296] (Example 1) Preparation of interlayer film: Interlayer films were prepared by blending the components in the amounts shown in Tables 4 to 6, co-extruding using a co-extruder equipped with extruder A and extruder B, and joining the extruded materials in a feed block (FB). Therefore, the obtained interlayer film had a one-layer structure (first layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in Figure 1).

[0297] Preparation of laminated glass: The obtained interlayer film was sandwiched between two 2 mm thick clear glass sheets (300 mm long x 300 mm wide) conforming to JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag and degassed at a vacuum of 2.6 kPa for 20 minutes, then transferred to an oven in the degassed state and held at 90°C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing to pre-bond the laminate. The pre-bonded laminate was then pressed in an autoclave at 135°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a laminated glass. The obtained laminated glass corresponds to the laminated glass A described above.

[0298] Examples 2 to 7 An interlayer film having a single-layer structure (first layer) (an interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 1 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the types of materials were changed as shown in Tables 4 to 6, the extrusion rate ratio of each extruder was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 6, in addition to the above changes, an extruder was added.

[0299] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 The materials shown in Tables 4 to 6 were extruded using an extruder. In this way, an interlayer film having a single-layer structure (first layer) (an interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 1 ) was obtained. As mentioned above, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view that schematically shows an interlayer film for laminated glass that corresponds to the present invention. However, in the preceding paragraphs and tables, FIG. 1 is cited to facilitate understanding of the cross-sectional shapes of the interlayer films of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which do not correspond to the present invention. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0300] Example 8 Preparation of Interlayer Film: The components were blended in the amounts shown in Tables 4 to 6, co-extruded using a co-extruder equipped with extruder A, extruder B, and extruder C, and the extruded materials were joined in a mold to prepare interlayer films. The resulting interlayer film had a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 2). The second and third layers were formed from the material extruded by extruder A and the material extruded by extruder B, and the first layer was formed from the material extruded by extruder C. The material extruded by extruder A was located on the outer surface side of the interlayer film in the second and third layers, and the material extruded by extruder B was located on the first layer side in the second and third layers.

[0301] Fabrication of Laminated Glass: Laminated glass was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.

[0302] Example 9 An interlayer film was produced by blending the components in the amounts shown in Tables 4 to 6, co-extruding the blends using a co-extruder equipped with extruder A, extruder B, and extruder C, and joining the extruded materials in a feed block (FB). The resulting interlayer film had a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 2). The second and third layers were formed from the material extruded by extruder A and the material extruded by extruder B, respectively, and the first layer was formed from the material extruded by extruder C. The material extruded by extruder A was located on the outer surface side of the interlayer film in the second and third layers, and the material extruded by extruder B was located on the first layer side in the second and third layers.

[0303] Example 10 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 2 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the types of materials were changed as shown in Tables 4 to 6, the extrusion rate ratio of each extruder was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0304] Examples 11 and 12 An interlayer film having a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 2 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the types of materials were changed as shown in Tables 4 to 6, the extrusion rate ratio of each extruder was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0305] Comparative Example 3 An interlayer film was produced by co-extruding the materials shown in Tables 4 to 6 using a co-extruder equipped with extruder A and extruder B, and then joining the extruded materials in a mold. The resulting interlayer film had a three-layer structure (second layer / first layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in Figure 2). As mentioned above, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates an interlayer film for laminated glass that corresponds to the present invention. However, Figure 2 is cited in the preceding paragraph and in the table to facilitate understanding of the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film of Comparative Example 3, which does not correspond to the present invention. In the resulting interlayer film, the second and third layers were formed from materials extruded by extruder A, and the first layer was formed from a material extruded by extruder B.

[0306] Example 13 Preparation of Interlayer Film: The components were blended in the amounts shown in Tables 4 to 6, co-extruded using a co-extruder equipped with extruder A, extruder B, and extruder C, and the extruded materials were joined in a feed block (FB) to prepare interlayer films. The obtained interlayer film had a five-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / fifth layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 3). The second and third layers were formed from the material extruded by extruder A, the fourth and fifth layers were formed from the material extruded by extruder C, and the first layer was formed from the material extruded by extruder B.

[0307] Fabrication of Laminated Glass: Laminated glass was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.

[0308] Example 14 An interlayer film having a five-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / fifth layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 4 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the types of materials were changed as shown in Tables 4 to 6, the extrusion rate was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0309] Example 15 An interlayer film having a five-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / fifth layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 5 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the types of materials were changed as shown in Tables 4 to 6, the extrusion rate was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0310] Example 16 An interlayer film having a five-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / fifth layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in FIG. 6 ) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the types of materials were changed as shown in Tables 4 to 6, the extrusion rate was changed, and the pressure distribution when the materials were joined was adjusted. Furthermore, laminated glass was produced using the obtained interlayer film in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0311] Comparative Example 4 An interlayer film was produced by co-extruding the materials shown in Tables 4 to 6 using a co-extruder equipped with extruder A and extruder B, and then joining the extruded materials in a feed block (FB). The resulting interlayer film had a five-layer structure (second layer / fourth layer / first layer / fifth layer / third layer) (interlayer film having the shape shown in Figure 3). As mentioned above, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an interlayer film for laminated glass corresponding to the present invention. However, Figure 3 is cited in the preceding paragraph and in the table to facilitate understanding of the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film of Comparative Example 4, which does not correspond to the present invention. In the resulting interlayer film, the first, second, and third layers were formed from materials extruded by extruder A, and the fourth and fifth layers were formed from materials extruded by extruder B.

[0312] (Evaluation) (1) Measurement of Interlayer Thickness The thickness of the interlayer was measured using a contact type thickness measuring instrument ("TOF-4R" manufactured by Yamabun Denki Co., Ltd.) by the method described above.

[0313] (2) Measurement of the wedge angle (θ) and partial wedge angle of the interlayer film From the obtained thickness profile of the interlayer film, the wedge angle (θ) of the entire interlayer film and the partial wedge angle at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end of the interlayer film to the other end were calculated using the method described above.

[0314] (3) Glass Transition Point of Each Layer of the Interlayer Film The glass transition point of each layer of the interlayer film was measured by the method described above.

[0315] (4) Measurement of solar transmittance The solar transmittance of the obtained laminated glass (laminated glass A) in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 2500 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, model "U-4100") according to the method described above. From the obtained solar transmittance, it was confirmed whether the relational expression of the above formula (1) was satisfied according to the method described above. Note that positions (1) and (2) for calculating the above formula (1) were respectively the maximum thickness position (X1) and the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end.

[0316] (5) Measurement of Visible Light Transmittance Using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation's "U-4150"), the visible light transmittance of the obtained laminated glass (laminated glass A) in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm was measured by the method described above.

[0317] (6) Unevenness in heat shielding performance of laminated glass ΔTts was calculated from the solar transmittance (Tts1) of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film and the solar transmittance (Tts2) of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film according to the above formula (1-1A). Furthermore, Z was calculated according to the following formula:

[0318] Z=|ΔTts / Tts2|×100

[0319] The unevenness of the heat shielding performance of the laminated glass was evaluated according to the following criteria.

[0320] [Criteria for judging unevenness in the heat-shielding performance of laminated glass] A: Z is less than 2 B: Z is 2 or more but less than 5 C: Z is 5 or more but less than 8 D: Z is 8 or more

[0321] (7) Double Image The double image of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) was evaluated using a HUD evaluation device that displays a virtual image 3 m away from the observer's eyes through the laminated glass. Specifically, the double image was evaluated according to the following criteria by comparing the appearance of the double image between the laminated glass and the comparative laminated glass. The cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film in the comparative laminated glass was adjusted to be the same as that of the interlayer film in the laminated glass A. The interlayer film in the comparative laminated glass did not contain a heat-shielding agent or a colorant, and the visible light transmittance Tv of the comparative laminated glass was 87% or higher. The double image was evaluated based on the number of 20 inspectors who judged that the obtained laminated glass (laminated glass A) had improved double image quality compared to the comparative laminated glass.

[0322] [Double image evaluation criteria] A: 15 or more out of 20 inspectors judged that the double image was reduced more than that of the comparative laminated glass. B: 10 to 14 out of 20 inspectors judged that the double image was reduced more than that of the comparative laminated glass. C: 1 to 9 out of 20 inspectors judged that the double image was reduced more than that of the comparative laminated glass.

[0323] The interlayer structure and results are shown in Tables 7 to 13 below.

[0324]

[0325]

[0326]

[0327]

[0328]

[0329]

[0330]

[0331] 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E...1st layer 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E...2nd layer 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E...3rd layer 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E...4th layer 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E...5th layer 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E...intermediate film 11a...one end 11b...other end

Claims

1. An interlayer for laminated glass having one end and the other end, The interlayer has a region where the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more. The interlayer comprises a heat-shielding layer containing a heat-shielding material and having a glass transition temperature of 15°C or higher. Let X be the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer. Let T1 mm be the thickness of the interlayer at any position (1) of the interlayer within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end. Let T2 mm be the thickness of the interlayer at position (2) in the region from one end to the other end, where the thickness of the interlayer is 25 μm or more less than the thickness of the interlayer at position (1). In a laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching an interlayer between two clear glass sheets, when the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (1) is Tts1% and the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A at position (2) is Tts2%, The interlayer is an interlayer for laminated glass having a portion that satisfies the following formula (1), and having a Tts2 of 79% or less. [Math 1] In equation (1) above, ΔTts, a, and b are values ​​expressed by the following equations (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, where A, B, and C are values ​​shown by the following equations (1-D), (1-E), and (1-F), respectively. [Math 2]

2. The position (1) is the position (X1) with the maximum thickness of the interlayer film in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position (2) is the position (X2) of the minimum thickness of the interlayer in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end.

3. An interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (2). [Math 3] In equation (2), ΔTts, a, and b are the values ​​expressed by equations (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.

95.

4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, satisfying ΔTts > 0 in formula (1).

5. An interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 1, satisfying the following formula (3). [Math 4] In equation (3), ΔTts, a, and b are the values ​​expressed by equations (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.

95.

6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is 76% or less.

7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position showing the maximum value of the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is different from position (1) and also different from position (2).

8. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position that shows the maximum value of the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is position (1) or position (2).

9. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position showing the minimum value of the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is different from position (1) and also different from position (2).

10. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the position that shows the minimum value of the solar transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is position (1) or position (2).

11. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end is 60% or more.

12. An interlayer for laminated glass according to Claim 1, satisfying the following formula. [Math 5] In the above formula, ΔTts, a, and b are the values ​​expressed by formulas (1-1A), (1-1B), and (1-1C), respectively, and K is 0.

60.

13. An interlayer for laminated glass having one end and the other end, The interlayer has a region where the partial wedge angle over a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more. The interlayer comprises a heat-shielding layer containing a heat-shielding material and having a glass transition temperature of 15°C or higher. The heat-shielding layer has a region in the thickness direction where the concentration of the heat-shielding substance is 0.01% by weight or more. The heat-shielding layer is an interlayer for laminated glass, wherein, in the thickness direction, the absolute value of the difference between the concentration of the heat-shielding substance in the region with the highest concentration of the heat-shielding substance and the concentration of the heat-shielding substance in the region with the lowest concentration of the heat-shielding substance is 0.01% by weight or more.

14. An interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer is t, a heat-shielding material exists in a region from 0t to 0.2t toward the second outer surface.

15. An interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer is t, a heat-shielding material exists in a region from greater than 0.2t to 0.4t toward the second outer surface.

16. An interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer is t, a heat-shielding substance exists in a region from the first outer surface toward the second outer surface in a range of more than 0.4t to 0.5t.

17. The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a layer having a glass transition temperature of less than 15°C.

18. The interlayer is an interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising two or more layers having a glass transition temperature of less than 15°C.

19. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 17, wherein the layer having a glass transition temperature of less than 15°C contains a heat-shielding substance.

20. The interlayer for laminated glass according to claim 19, wherein the content of the heat-shielding substance is 0.01% by weight or more in 100% by weight of the layer having a glass transition temperature of less than 15°C.

21. The interlayer is an interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising two or more heat-shielding materials.

22. The interlayer contains two or more heat-shielding materials. The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the content of each of the two or more heat-shielding substances in 100% by weight of the interlayer is 1.0% by weight or less.

23. The interlayer is an interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising three or more heat-shielding materials.

24. An interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the concentration of the heat-shielding substance in the heat-shielding layer is 1.5% by weight or less in the thickness direction of the position of the maximum thickness of the interlayer within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end to the other end.

25. The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the heat-shielding substance contained in the interlayer is a vanadium phthalocyanine compound, ITO particles, or CWO particles.

26. An interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the wedge angle of the entire interlayer is 0.05 mrad or more.

27. ​​The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the interlayer comprises a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.

28. The interlayer comprises a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C. The interlayer has an uneven surface created by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method, and the ten-point average roughness of the uneven surface is 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less. An interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the refractive index of the interlayer is 1.46 or higher.

29. The first laminated glass member, A second laminated glass component, The interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, A laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

30. The thickness of the first laminated glass member is uniform. The laminated glass according to claim 29, wherein the thickness of the second laminated glass member is uniform.

31. A step of obtaining an interlayer for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13 by extrusion molding, A method for manufacturing laminated glass, comprising the steps of: arranging the interlayer for laminated glass between a first laminated glass member and a second laminated glass member to obtain laminated glass.

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