Fabric, method for dyeing fabric, and method for manufacturing fabric

Abstract

This fabric includes an aliphatic polyamide yarn composed of an aliphatic polyamide resin, wherein, in a scattering intensity profile obtained by integrating the scattering intensity in the range of ±45° from the equatorial direction with the origin as the center, among two-dimensional scattering images obtained by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements with a crystal's c-axis as a fiber axis, the aliphatic polyamide resin has a greater maximum value of a scattering intensity when scattered by γ-crystals, than a maximum value of a scattering intensity when scattered by α-crystals.

Description

Fabric, fabric dyeing method, and fabric manufacturing method

[0001] The present invention relates to a fabric comprising aliphatic polyamide yarns, a method for dyeing the fabric, and a method for producing the fabric.

[0002] Aliphatic polyamide resins, which have an aliphatic skeleton bonded by multiple amide bonds, are also called nylons and have properties such as light weight (low specific gravity), high mechanical strength, excellent abrasion resistance, and excellent chemical resistance (good resistance to washing). Utilizing these properties, aliphatic polyamide resins are used in a variety of textile products, including outdoor wear and other clothing, small items such as bags and wallets, curtains, and car seats.

[0003] A conventionally known method for dyeing fabrics made using yarns made of aliphatic polyamide resin involves immersing the fabric in an aqueous dispersion containing a dye and then heating the aqueous dispersion at a high temperature of about 100° C. In particular, when an acid dye is used as the dye, the ionic bond between the acid dye and the aliphatic polyamide resin results in fabrics with excellent color fastness to light, washing, and the like.

[0004] However, conventional dyeing methods require high-temperature heat treatment at around 100°C during dyeing in order to fully absorb the dye into the fabric to achieve the desired dyeing depth and to prevent uneven dyeing, which requires a large amount of energy and time to heat up the fabric, as well as equipment that can process the fabric at temperatures close to the boiling point of water.

[0005] Therefore, techniques have been proposed to moderate dyeing conditions such as dyeing temperature and dyeing time. For example, a technique is known in which polyamide fibers are obtained by blending an aliphatic polyamide resin, such as polyamide 6 (nylon 6), which is commonly used as a fiber, with polyamide 5.X (X is an integer of 4 to 16) produced from pentamethylenediamine and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid during melt spinning and extrusion of polyamide fibers (Patent Document 1).

[0006] Special table 2018-524488 publication

[0007] However, using a special resin such as polyamide 5.X is disadvantageous in terms of cost, and therefore there has been a demand for a technology that can be applied to inexpensive aliphatic polyamide yarns that are mass-produced, such as nylon 6.

[0008] The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fabric containing aliphatic polyamide yarn that has high dyeability even under mild dyeing conditions such as dyeing temperature and dyeing time, a method for dyeing the fabric, and a method for manufacturing the fabric.

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the fabric, fabric dyeing method, and fabric manufacturing method of the present invention has the following configuration.

[0010] (1) One aspect of the fabric according to the present invention is a fabric containing an aliphatic polyamide yarn made of an aliphatic polyamide resin, wherein in a scattering intensity profile obtained by integrating the scattering intensity in a range of ±45° from the equator direction around the origin in a two-dimensional scattering image obtained by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement with the c-axis of the crystal as the fiber axis direction, the aliphatic polyamide resin contains an aliphatic polyamide yarn in which the maximum value of the scattering intensity due to gamma crystals is greater than the maximum value of the scattering intensity due to alpha crystals.

[0011] (2) In one aspect of the fabric according to the present invention, the aliphatic polyamide yarn may be any one of the following (A) to (C):

[0012] (A) Aliphatic polyamide yarn obtained by condensation polymerization of a diamine having an even number of carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having an even number of carbon atoms.

[0013] (B) Aliphatic polyamide yarn having an amino acid skeleton with an odd number of carbon atoms as a repeating unit.

[0014] (C) Aliphatic polyamide yarn made of nylon 4 or nylon 6.

[0015] (3) In one embodiment of the fabric according to the present invention, the fabric is dyed with an acid dye, and has a wash fastness of discoloration or fading grade 3 or higher and staining grade 3 or higher according to JIS L 0844 Method A, No. A-2, and a dry cleaning fastness of discoloration or fading grade 3 or higher and staining grade 3 or higher according to JIS L 0860 Method A-1.

[0016] (4) The method for dyeing fabric according to the present invention involves immersing the fabric in an aqueous dispersion containing an acid dye and dyeing the fabric at a temperature of 90°C or less.

[0017] (5) In the method for dyeing fabric according to the present invention, it is preferable to pre-set the fabric at a temperature of 170°C or less before the dyeing process.

[0018] (6) A method for producing a fabric according to the present invention is the method for producing the fabric described above, in which the aliphatic polyamide yarn is false-twisted at a temperature of 180° C. or less.

[0019] According to the fabric of the present invention, it is possible to provide a fabric containing aliphatic polyamide yarn that has high dyeability even when dyeing conditions such as dyeing temperature and dyeing time are mild.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing X-ray scattering intensity profiles of aliphatic polyamide yarns collected from fabrics immediately before dyeing in Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 1.

[0021] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Note that each of the embodiments described below represents a preferred specific example of the present invention. Therefore, the numerical values, shapes, materials, components, etc. shown in the following embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Therefore, among the components in the following embodiments, components that are not described in the independent claims that represent the highest concept of the present invention will be described as optional components.

[0022] (Aliphatic polyamide yarn) The aliphatic polyamide yarn contained in the fabric according to the present embodiment is a yarn made of an aliphatic polyamide resin. In the aliphatic polyamide resin constituting the aliphatic polyamide yarn, in a two-dimensional scattering image obtained by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement with the c-axis of the crystal as the fiber axis direction, the maximum value of the scattering intensity of scattering due to gamma crystals is greater than the maximum value of the scattering intensity of scattering due to alpha crystals in a scattering intensity profile obtained by integrating the scattering intensity in a range of ±45° from the equator direction around the origin, centered on the origin.

[0023] The crystalline structure formed by aliphatic polyamide resins, unless special processing is performed, consists of α crystals (α-type crystals) and γ crystals (γ-type crystals). Aliphatic polyamide resins tend to form γ crystals under reaction kinetics-controlled conditions, and when subjected to heating or shearing sufficient to overcome the activation energy peak, thermodynamically stable α crystals tend to form and the amount of γ crystals tends to decrease.

[0024] Aliphatic polyamide resins with a high content of monoclinic α crystals have more densely packed molecules and a stronger crystalline structure than triclinic γ crystals. Furthermore, in aliphatic polyamide resins, α crystals are formed by the interaction of NH segments and CO segments in extended aliphatic polyamide chains. Therefore, compared with γ crystals, which have bends and twists in the molecular chain due to the interaction between NH segments and CO segments, they tend to fold and grow larger lamellar structures. Therefore, in aliphatic polyamide yarns made from aliphatic polyamide resins with a high content of α crystals, the diffusion of dye molecules within the yarn is hindered. In contrast, in aliphatic polyamide yarns made from aliphatic polyamide resins with a high content of γ crystals, dye molecules diffuse relatively quickly within the yarn. Furthermore, since dyes such as acid dyes and reactive dyes bind to the NH segments in the aliphatic polyamide chains, γ crystals, which consume fewer dye sites due to the formation of crystals and lamellar structures, are more likely to bind to the dye. In other words, it is preferable to use aliphatic polyamide yarns made from aliphatic polyamide resins with a high content of γ crystals. Due to the above effects, the aliphatic polyamide yarn according to this embodiment has high dyeability even when dyeing conditions such as dyeing temperature and dyeing time are moderate.

[0025] The amount of gamma crystals contained in an aliphatic polyamide yarn can be qualitatively determined from the scattering intensity profile obtained by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement. For example, when nylon 6 is measured using Cu Kα rays (wavelength: 0.15418 nm) as an X-ray source, scattering due to gamma crystals appears at 2θ = 21 to 22° (planar spacing: 0.42 to 0.40 nm), and scattering due to α crystals appears at 2θ = 19.5 to 20.5° (planar spacing: 0.46 to 0.43 nm) and 2θ = 23 to 24° (planar spacing: 0.39 to 0.37 nm). In the case of an aliphatic polyamide yarn using nylon 6 as the aliphatic polyamide resin, if the maximum value of the scattering intensity at 2θ = 21 to 22° is higher than the maximum values ​​of the scattering intensity at 2θ = 19.5 to 20.5° and 23 to 24°, the aliphatic polyamide resin can be evaluated as having a high gamma crystal fraction and the aliphatic polyamide yarn can have high dyeability.

[0026] Aliphatic polyamide yarns are usually stretched in the fiber axis direction to increase their strength. During this stretching process, artifacts (artificial crystal structures) may form in the fiber axis direction, making it necessary to eliminate the effects of these artifacts. In the present invention, evaluation was performed using a scattering intensity profile obtained by integrating the scattering intensity in a range of ±45° from the equator around the origin in a two-dimensional scattering image obtained by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement with the c-axis of the crystals of the aliphatic polyamide resin as the fiber axis direction. This eliminated the effects of crystals in the fiber axis direction that appeared on the meridian of the two-dimensional scattering image.

[0027] In aliphatic polyamide resins other than nylon 6, the interplanar spacing of each crystal may differ, but the amount of gamma crystals can be evaluated by comparing the maximum scattering intensity of scattering derived from gamma crystals and alpha crystals of the aliphatic polyamide resins constituting each of the target aliphatic polyamide yarns.

[0028] The aliphatic polyamide yarn according to this embodiment may be any one of the following (A) to (C).

[0029] (A) Aliphatic polyamide yarn obtained by condensation polymerization of a diamine having an even number of carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having an even number of carbon atoms.

[0030] (B) Aliphatic polyamide yarn having an amino acid skeleton with an odd number of carbon atoms as a repeating unit.

[0031] (C) Aliphatic polyamide yarn made of nylon 4 or nylon 6.

[0032] In an aliphatic polyamide yarn corresponding to any of the above (A) to (C), when two aliphatic polyamide molecules are aligned parallel to one another, the NH segment and the CO segment are in a position where they are likely to overlap in an extended chain state, and therefore, unless treated under special conditions, a large amount of α crystals will be produced in the aliphatic polyamide yarn. Therefore, if a conventional aliphatic polyamide yarn corresponding to the above (A) to (C) is used as is, its dyeability will be inferior to other aliphatic polyamide yarns.

[0033] In contrast, the aliphatic polyamide yarn according to the present embodiment can have a high proportion of gamma crystals, and therefore can improve dyeability even when using aliphatic polyamide yarns that fall under any of (A) to (C) above. In other words, when using aliphatic polyamide yarns that fall under any of (A) to (C) above, by increasing the proportion of gamma crystals, dyeability can be improved, and particularly high effects can be obtained.

[0034] In the present invention, the number of carbon atoms in (A) and (B) is counted as the number of carbon atoms in the main chain between N atoms constituting the amide bonds that appear repeatedly in the aliphatic polyamide molecule, including the carbon atoms constituting the amide bonds, but does not include the number of carbon atoms present in the side chains.

[0035] The aliphatic polyamide yarn according to the present embodiment may be any of a spun yarn made of many staple fibers, a monofilament yarn made of one long fiber, and a multifilament yarn made of several long fibers, and may be any of a non-twisted yarn, a twisted yarn, and a textured yarn. The textured yarn is not particularly limited, but examples that can be used include false twist textured yarn, forced textured yarn, shaped textured yarn, rubbed textured yarn, taslan textured yarn, interlaced textured yarn, crimped yarn, and side-by-side composite textured yarn.

[0036] In the aliphatic polyamide yarn according to the present embodiment, the method for adjusting the maximum scattering intensity of γ crystals is not limited, as long as it is greater than the maximum scattering intensity of α crystals. Methods for increasing the production of γ crystals include the addition of a crystal nucleating agent such as water or inorganic particles, accelerating the crystallization rate by rapid cooling after melt spinning or stretching, adjusting the heating temperature during melt spinning or stretching to achieve crystallization under kinetically governing conditions, adjusting the stretch ratio to promote or inhibit crystallization, and combinations of these. From the perspective of ease of control, the heating temperature during melt spinning or stretching is preferably 180°C or less, more preferably 170°C or less. Furthermore, when stretching is performed, the stretch ratio is preferably 1.05 to 1.20. Furthermore, twisting or false twisting may be performed simultaneously during stretching.

[0037] False twisting may be performed on a yarn to impart volume, stretchability, a matte finish, and the like to the yarn, and to obtain a wrinkle-resistant fabric. Generally, when spinning is performed at a high speed, e.g., 2000 m / min or higher, the gamma crystals in the aliphatic polyamide yarn undergo a structural phase transition to alpha crystals, and the amount of gamma crystals tends to decrease. On the other hand, slowing the spinning speed to suppress the structural phase transition from gamma crystals to alpha crystals naturally results in poor productivity. In this regard, false twisting of a yarn involves heating and cooling treatments, which can promote the formation of gamma crystals in the yarn. Therefore, false twisting of an aliphatic polyamide yarn can produce an aliphatic polyamide yarn containing a large amount of gamma crystals without significantly affecting productivity. However, if the heat treatment temperature (heater temperature) is too high, thermodynamically stable α crystals are likely to be formed, and therefore, the heat treatment temperature (heater temperature) when false twisting aliphatic polyamide yarn is preferably 180°C or less, and more preferably 170°C or less.

[0038] (Fabric containing aliphatic polyamide yarn) The fabric according to the present embodiment contains the aliphatic polyamide yarn, and its form is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, etc. In this case, the fabric containing the aliphatic polyamide yarn can be produced by a known method.

[0039] Furthermore, the fabric according to the present embodiment may be a fabric that is woven or knitted with, in addition to the aliphatic polyamide yarn, an aliphatic polyamide yarn that does not satisfy the above conditions, and / or yarns made of other materials, such as polyester yarn or yarns spun from natural fibers. If yarns with different dyeability are included, a fabric can be obtained that allows for visual changes to be enjoyed through dyeing. On the other hand, if you want to dye a fabric uniformly in a single color, it is best to use only aliphatic polyamide yarns that satisfy the above conditions, and even more preferably, to use only a single type of aliphatic polyamide yarn.

[0040] The fabric according to this embodiment is dyed with a dye, and the washing fastness according to JIS L 0844, Method A, No. A-2, is preferably at least grade 3 for discoloration and at least grade 3 for staining, and the dry cleaning fastness according to JIS L 0860, Method A-1, is preferably at least grade 3 for discoloration and at least grade 3 for staining. Examples of dyes used for dyeing include acid dyes, disperse dyes, reactive dyes, direct dyes, and pigments, and among these, it is preferable to use acid dyes that have high fastness to aliphatic polyamide yarns.

[0041] The fabric according to the present embodiment has high dyeability, and even when immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing an acid dye and subjected to a dyeing process at a temperature of 90°C or less, the dye can be sufficiently fixed to the fabric. This results in a fabric containing aliphatic polyamide yarns with high dyeability. Furthermore, even when subjected to a dyeing process at a temperature of 90°C or less, which tends to deteriorate various fastnesses, the fabric can still maintain the various fastnesses described above.

[0042] Furthermore, in the fabric according to the present embodiment, various functional agents such as matting agents such as titanium oxide, antioxidants, stabilizers, discoloration inhibitors, flame retardants, antistatic agents, heat-resistant agents, antibacterial and deodorizing agents, bacteriostatic agents, antiviral agents, SR agents, inorganic particles, dyeing aids, cooling agents, moisturizing agents, moisture absorbents, water-repellent agents, fragrances, etc. may be added to the aliphatic polyamide yarn or attached to the yarn surface, so long as the intended purpose is not deviated from. These functional agents may be used alone or in combination, and may further be combined with a binder to increase the amount of attachment or prevent the attached functional agents from detaching.

[0043] Furthermore, the fabric according to the present embodiment may be given a pattern by printing or transfer, a gloss by calendaring, a three-dimensional effect by pleating, or an embossing.

[0044] (Dyeing Method) Next, the dyeing method according to this embodiment will be described.

[0045] In the dyeing method according to the present embodiment, the fabric is immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing an acid dye and dyed at a temperature of 90° C. or less.

[0046] As the dyes used for dyeing, various acid dyes with high fastness to aliphatic polyamide yarns can be used. However, when dyeing fabrics containing yarns other than aliphatic polyamide yarns, dyes suitable for each material may be used in combination. As acid dyes, leveling type, half-milling type, milling type, and metal-containing type are used. From the viewpoint of reducing the burden on the environment, it is preferable to use leveling type, half-milling type, and milling type acid dyes as acid dyes. These acid dyes are dispersed in water and used for dyeing processing.

[0047] A known dyeing assistant may be added to the aqueous dispersion containing the dye. Examples of the dyeing assistant include an acid, a pH adjuster, a chelating agent, a dye accelerator, a dye leveling agent, a dye retarder, a dispersant, and a carrier. In particular, when dyeing is performed using a plurality of dyes with different dyeing rates, for example, different types of dyes such as a leveling type and a milling type, it is preferable to add a dye leveling agent or a pH adjuster, particularly a pH slide agent that can change the acidity of the aqueous solution depending on the temperature, to the aqueous dispersion containing the dye in order to suppress uneven dyeing caused by the dyeing rate.

[0048] The dyeing machine used for dyeing is not particularly limited, and may be a jet dyeing machine, a Zigger dyeing machine, a beam dyeing machine, etc. The fabric is immersed in an aqueous dispersion containing the acid dye filled in the dyeing machine to perform the dyeing process.

[0049] The fabric according to the present invention can be dyed sufficiently even when dyed at a temperature of 90°C or less, which is lower than the dyeing temperature of fabrics made of conventional polyamide yarn. This allows the energy input and the temperature rise time to be reduced. Furthermore, the dyeing temperature can be set to 85°C or less. There is no particular restriction on the lower limit of the dyeing temperature, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently dyeing the fabric, the dyeing temperature is preferably 55°C or more, and more preferably 60°C or more. In the present invention, "dyeing temperature" means the maximum temperature reached by the aqueous dispersion during the dyeing process.

[0050] The dyed fabric is dried to become an intermediate material for manufacturing textile products. The drying method is not particularly limited, and hot air drying, net drying, contact drying, infrared drying, dielectric drying, etc. may be used.

[0051] Furthermore, pre-setting may be performed before dyeing for the purposes of facilitating adjustment of fabric properties such as the length, width, weave density, and knitting density of the fabric after dyeing, and of suppressing the occurrence of wrinkles in the fabric during dyeing, which can cause uneven dyeing. When pre-setting is performed, the pre-setting is preferably performed at a temperature of 170°C or less, more preferably 160°C or less, so as not to reduce the gamma crystals in the aliphatic polyamide yarn. The lower limit of the pre-setting temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 130°C or more in order to fully exhibit the effects of the pre-setting.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to improve the washing fastness of dyed fabrics, it is advisable to carry out a soaping treatment in which weakly absorbed dyes and dyeing auxiliaries are washed away with a surfactant, or a fixing treatment in which the dye is firmly fixed to the fabric with synthetic tannins or the like.

[0053] In addition, the dyed fabric may be subjected to various functional treatments such as adjustment of the properties by finishing set, imparting shape memory properties, antistatic treatment, antibacterial treatment, antiviral treatment, SR treatment, cooling sensation imparting treatment, water absorption treatment, water repellent treatment, and fragrance imparting treatment, and various design imparting treatments such as printing or transferring patterns, calendaring, pleating, and embossing.

[0054] According to the dyeing method of this embodiment, the dye can be sufficiently fixed to the fabric even when dyeing is performed at a temperature of 90°C or less. In other words, even if the dyeing conditions such as the dyeing temperature and dyeing time are moderate, it is possible to dye to the desired depth and prevent the occurrence of uneven dyeing. It is also possible to impart the various fastnesses mentioned above to the fabric.

[0055] The fabric according to the present embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Furthermore, various physical properties in the following examples and comparative examples were measured by the following methods.

[0056] (1) Crystalline State of Aliphatic Polyamide Yarn The crystalline state of the aliphatic polyamide yarn was determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement. Specifically, a fully automated multipurpose X-ray diffraction device (SmartLab®) manufactured by Rigaku Corporation was used as the measurement device. The incident radiation source was monochromatized to Kα radiation using Cu, and the conditions were a tube current of 200 mA, a tube voltage of 45 kV, and an irradiation time of 15 minutes. Two-dimensional scattering images were obtained for aliphatic polyamide yarn samples prepared by aligning yarns collected from fabric immediately before dyeing and positioning the yarns so that the c-axis was aligned with the fiber axis. From the obtained two-dimensional scattering images, the scattering intensity was integrated along concentric arcs centered on the origin within a range of ±45° from the equator, and a scattering intensity profile was obtained with 2θ as the horizontal axis and scattering intensity as the vertical axis. Specifically, scattering intensity profiles were obtained for the samples of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 described below. The results are shown in Figure 1. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing scattering intensity profiles of aliphatic polyamide yarns collected from fabrics immediately before dyeing in Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. In Fig. 1, the scattering intensities of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 are shown as relative values.

[0057] In this scattering intensity profile, the maximum value of the scattering intensity in the range of 2θ = 21 to 22°, where scattering originating from γ crystals appears, and the maximum value of the scattering intensity in the ranges of 2θ = 19.5 to 20.5° and 23 to 24°, where scattering originating from α crystals appears, were read and compared.

[0058] (2) Dyeability Dyeability was evaluated in the following two ways (a) and (b).

[0059] (i) The dyed fabric was visually inspected to check for unevenness in the dye.

[0060] (b) Acid was added to the residual solution used for dyeing, and a normal nylon 6 fabric was immersed in the residual solution at a bath ratio (mass ratio) of fabric:residual solution = 1:50, heated to 100°C and held for 30 minutes to obtain a fabric dyed with the residual solution. The fabric dyed with the residual solution was measured using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, COLOR-7x, manufactured by Kurabo Industries, Ltd., with a light source of D65 and a viewing angle of 2°, and the surface density (K / S value) was calculated from the total light reflectance (R) using the following (Equation 1).

[0061] K / S = (1 - R) ２ / 2R... (Formula 1)

[0062] The lower the K / S value, the lighter the dyed fabric dyed with the residual liquor, and the more efficiently the dye was absorbed into the fabric during the original dyeing process.

[0063] (3) Washing fastness: The test was carried out in accordance with Method A, No. A-2 of JIS L 0844, a method for testing color fastness to washing. The attached white cloths were nylon and cotton.

[0064] (4) Dry cleaning fastness: The test was carried out in accordance with the A-1 method described in JIS L 0860, Testing method for color fastness to dry cleaning.

[0065] Example 1 [Melt Spinning Process] Nylon 6 pellets were heated to 265°C to melt them, and spun at a speed of 3900 m / min to obtain nylon 6 filaments.

[0066] [False Twisting Step] Next, the obtained filaments were false twisted to a fineness of 22 dtex (20 filaments) while being drawn 1.15 times at a heater temperature of 150°C, to obtain an aliphatic polyamide yarn.

[0067] [Weaving Step] Next, the obtained yarn was used as the warp and weft to perform plain weaving, thereby obtaining a fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn with a weave density of 195 threads / 2.54 cm x 165 threads / 2.54 cm.

[0068] [Dyeing process] Next, the fabric made of the obtained aliphatic polyamide yarn was immersed in an aqueous dispersion at room temperature containing an acid dye, a leveling agent, and a pH sliding agent (bath ratio 1:50), and the temperature of the aqueous dispersion was raised at a rate of 3°C / min. When the temperature of the aqueous dispersion reached 80°C, the fabric was removed and dried, thereby obtaining a fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye. No uneven dyeing was observed on the obtained fabric, and it was uniformly colored. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0069] (Example 2) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heater temperature in the false twisting step was set to 170°C. The obtained fabric was uniformly colored with no dyeing unevenness observed. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0070] (Example 3) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the fabric was pre-set at 160°C immediately before the dyeing step. The obtained fabric was uniformly colored with no dyeing unevenness observed. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0071] (Example 4) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the pre-setting temperature was 180°C. The obtained fabric was uniformly colored with no dyeing unevenness observed. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0072] (Comparative Example 1) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heater temperature in the false twisting step was 190°C and the draw ratio was 1.23 times. The obtained fabric had warp streaks and uneven dyeing. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0073] (Comparative Example 2) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the pre-setting temperature was set to 190°C. The obtained fabric had vertical streaks and uneven dyeing. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0074] (Comparative Example 3) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an aliphatic polyamide yarn having a fineness of 22 dtex (20 filaments) was obtained from nylon 6 filaments without false twisting. The obtained fabric had warp streaks and uneven dyeing. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Reference Example 1 A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heater temperature in the false twisting step was 190° C. and the draw ratio was 1.23 times.

[0076] Next, the fabric made from the obtained aliphatic polyamide yarn was immersed in an aqueous dispersion at room temperature containing an acid dye, a leveling agent, and a pH sliding agent (bath ratio 1:50). The temperature of the aqueous dispersion was raised at a rate of 1°C / min. When the temperature of the aqueous dispersion reached 98°C, the temperature was maintained for 30 minutes, and then the fabric was removed and dried, yielding a fabric made from aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with an acid dye. The resulting fabric was uniformly colored with no dyeing unevenness. The evaluation results of the obtained fabric are shown in Table 1.

[0077]

[0078] From Table 1, it can be seen that Examples 1 to 4, in which the maximum value of the scattering intensity of scattering due to γ ​​crystals is greater than the maximum value of the scattering intensity of scattering due to α crystals, can be dyed uniformly without unevenness even when dyed at a temperature of 80°C or less, and can dye the fabric with high efficiency.

[0079] (Example 5) [Fixing step] A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with the acid dye obtained in Example 1 was immersed in an aqueous dispersion of synthetic tannin and treated at 70°C for 20 minutes to obtain a fixed-treated fabric.

[0080] The washing fastness of the fabric obtained above was grade 4 for discoloration and grade 4-5 for staining, and the dry cleaning fastness was grade 4-5 for discoloration and grade 4-5 for staining.

[0081] (Reference Example 2) A fabric made of aliphatic polyamide yarn dyed khaki with the acid dye obtained in Reference Example 1 was subjected to a fixing treatment in the same manner as in Example 5 to obtain a fabric. The washing fastness of the obtained fabric was discoloration: grade 4, and staining: grade 4-5, and the dry cleaning fastness was discoloration: grade 4-5, and staining: grade 4-5.

[0082] A comparison between Example 5 and Reference Example 2 reveals that the fabric dyed with the acid dye according to the present embodiment has washing fastness and dry cleaning fastness equivalent to those of fabrics made of aliphatic polyamide yarns dyed with conventional acid dyes.

Claims

1. A fabric including an aliphatic polyamide yarn composed of an aliphatic polyamide resin, A fabric in which, in a two-dimensional scattering image obtained by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement with the c-axis of the crystal in the fiber axis direction, the scattering intensity profile is obtained by integrating the scattering intensity in a range of ±45° from the equator direction centered on the origin, the maximum value of the scattering intensity of scattering due to gamma crystals is greater than the maximum value of the scattering intensity of scattering due to alpha crystals.

2. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic polyamide yarn is any one of the following (A) to (C). (A) Aliphatic polyamide yarn obtained by condensation polymerization of a diamine having an even number of carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having an even number of carbon atoms. (B) An aliphatic polyamide yarn having an amino acid skeleton with an odd number of carbon atoms as a repeating unit. (C) Aliphatic polyamide yarn made of nylon 4 or nylon 6.

3. It is dyed with acid dyes, The fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the washing fastness according to JIS L 0844 A-2 method is discoloration grade 3 or higher and staining grade 3 or higher, and the dry cleaning fastness according to JIS L 0860 A-1 method is discoloration grade 3 or higher and staining grade 3 or higher.

4. A method for dyeing a fabric, comprising immersing the fabric according to claim 1 or 2 in an aqueous dispersion containing an acid dye and carrying out a dyeing process at a temperature of 90° C. or less.

5. The method for dyeing fabric according to claim 4, further comprising presetting the fabric at a temperature of 170°C or less prior to the dyeing process.

6. A method for producing the fabric according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: The aliphatic polyamide yarn is false-twisted at a temperature of 180° C. or less.