GAS MIXER AND PRESSURE REDUCER MANIFOLD WITH ADJUSTABLE VOLUME CHAMBER FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATOR.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an oxygen and air mixing manifold and pressure reducer for a ventilator or respirator with an adjustable chamber, particularly useful for medical mechanical ventilators requiring a high flow rate of gases at low pressure, with the following technical characteristics: Three chambers, two for receiving each gas (31 and 33) and one for mixing (32); pressure reduction (from 25 to 1.5 PSI) by changing the diameter (6 mm to 25 mm); a mixing chamber with variable or adjustable volume; and a gas mixture outlet for the patient. One of the advantages of the composition is that, due to the large quantity of dispersants it provides, along with the reinforcement of the redispersible acrylic polymer that absorbs the different elastic or contraction stresses to which the microcement may be subjected, it does not require expansion joints, as is the case with other similar types of coatings.

Description

GAS MIXING MANIFOLD FOR VENTILATOR / RESPIRATOR WITH ADJUSTABLE VOLUME CHAMBER FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention falls within the field of systems for conditioning respiratory gases, particularly in gas mixing devices. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mechanical ventilation is a therapeutic alternative that, thanks to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of respiratory function and technological advances, gives us the opportunity to provide efficient advanced life support to patients who are in critical condition suffering from respiratory failure. . The ventilator is widely accepted as an effective form of therapy and a means of treating patients with respiratory failure. Ventilation is the process of supplying oxygen and washing carbon dioxide from the alveoli in the lungs. When receiving ventilatory support, the patient becomes part of a complex interactive system that is expected to provide adequate ventilation and promote gas exchange to assist in the stabilization and recovery of the patient. In current state-of-the-art fans the following main parts can be distinguished: Programming panel: It establishes the required ventilation and oxygenation treatment and defines the alarms that will report any changes that the established parameters may offer. Programming (parameters and alarms) is done through a command panel and are IVI A / d / ZUZ I / U I UO / I saved by the memory used by the microprocessor. The ventilator sensors report on the most important physical parameters: airway pressure, flow, inspired volume. Electronic system: set of electronic processors that allow memorization, analog / digital conversion, monitoring and control of all available functions. Pneumatic system: set of elements that allow mixing air and oxygen, controlling flow during inspiration and expiration, managing air volumes and measuring pressures. Electrical supply system: either internal to a rechargeable battery and / or connection to an external source. Gas supply system: air, oxygen and in some current models nitric oxide and other medicinal gases. Patient circuit: connects the patient to the equipment, all invasive MVs will have two branches joined by a Y piece, an inspiratory branch that leaves the equipment and reaches the patient and an expiratory branch that goes from the patient to the expiratory valve. These circuits must meet the characteristics defined by each manufacturer, such as a certain length, traps or excess water collectors, monitoring systems such as a thermometer and flow sensor, humidification systems, filters, connection to a mist. The rapid development of mechanical ventilation equipment based on the better understanding of respiratory physiology and the continuous improvement of computer equipment provides a range of possibilities to support the patient, delivering a mixture of gases in different pressure and flow modes. . There are basically two ways to deliver gas in a fan: to. By volume: each respiratory cycle is delivered with the same level of flow and time, which determines a constant volume independent of the patient's effort and the pressure generated. b. By pressure: each respiratory cycle will be delivered in inspiration at a preselected pressure level, for a certain time. The volume and flow vary with the impedance of the respiratory system and with the strength of the inspiratory impulse. In an effort to improve patient tolerance to mechanical ventilation, patient-assisted or patient-activated ventilation modes have been developed and varieties of alternative ventilation modes that address patient needs continue to be developed. The second generation of ventilators have been characterized by better electronics but, unfortunately, due to attempts to replace the continuous high gas flow system with imperfect demand flow valves, they have not been able to deliver high gas flow rates in response. to the patient's inspiratory effort. In recent years, microprocessors have been introduced in modern ventilators. Microprocessor ventilators are typically equipped with sensors that monitor flow, pressure, and volume breath-by-breath and derive mechanical respiratory parameters. Its ability to detect and transduce accurately, combined with computer technology, makes for sophisticated interaction between doctor, patient and ventilator. Prior art computer-controlled ventilators were limited to the precise and inflexible nature of mathematical algorithms that attempted to mimic cause and effect in the ventilator support provided to the patient. Unfortunately, as ventilators become more complicated and offer more options, the number of potentially dangerous clinical decisions increases. Doctors, nurses and respiratory therapists caring for the critically ill face expensive and complicated machines with few clear guidelines for their effective use. MA / a / x'Uí'l / UlUOf 1 Documents have been identified that contemplate the idea of ​​modifying the volume of this type of ventilators and artificial respirators, mainly to adapt to the conditions required by the patient. However, the vast majority of the documents analyzed contemplate making this variation in elements or components outside the mixing chamber of the manifold. The systems that do so use electromechanical control elements and not the screw system proposed by the present invention. In this regard, documents WO1997038742, US5568910 and US3905362 contemplate the adjustment of volume inside the manifold by means of some electromechanical control element, mainly electrovalves, placed at the flow inlet to the manifold. For its part, document WO2004032727A2 explicitly describes the modification of the size of the mixing chamber inside the manifold. However, the mechanism of this drive consists of telescopic and corrugated tubes that contract and expand according to the necessary volume. Documents WO2005046843 and US4838257 describe the variation of the pressure and volume of the mixing chamber by means of a mechanical screw, spring and diaphragm mechanism. In the state of the art, some documents are located where the technical characteristics of variation of the volume of the mixing chamber inside the manifold are disclosed, however, no documents were identified that show all the elements of the manifold of the invention, therefore It is considered that these characteristics as a whole maintain the novel character of the invention. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION One object of the invention is to propose a gas mixing manifold and pressure reducer for a ventilator or respirator with an adjustable chamber. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved gas mixing manifold and pressure reducer, which can be manufactured economically and which allows adjustment of a wide variety of operating states. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The characteristic details of this novel manifold are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, as well as the exploded view that indicates the reference signs to show the figures shown, where the same identifiers are followed to facilitate their understanding and monitoring. in the description. Figure 1 is a perspective view of the gas mixing manifold and pressure reducer for a ventilator or respirator with an adjustable chamber. Figure 2 is a rear perspective view of the gas mixing manifold and pressure reducer for a ventilator or respirator with an adjustable chamber. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the mixing chamber of the manifold. Figure 4 is a side view of the mixing chamber of the manifold. Figure 5 is an explosive perspective view of the gas mixing manifold and pressure reducer for a ventilator or respirator with an adjustable chamber. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a gas mixing manifold and pressure reducer for a ventilator or respirator with an adjustable chamber, particularly useful for being adapted to a medical mechanical ventilator that requires a high flow rate of gases at low pressure, where the following are present: technical characteristics: • Manifold for mixing oxygen and air. • It has 3 chambers, two for receiving each gas (31 and 33) and one for mixing (32) • Pressure reduction (from 25 to 1.5 PSI) by changing the diameter (6mm to 25mm) • Mixing chamber with variable volume o adjustable • One mixing outlet to patient The manifold of the present invention has three assembled chambers, one for receiving oxygen (31), another for receiving air (33) and one more for mixing (32), with a change in the internal diameter from 6mm to 25mm. A pressure reduction is achieved from 25 to 1.5 PSI, and the volume can be adjusted as desired through a screw in the mixing chamber (32). As shown from the attached figures, the oxygen reception chamber (31) has a similar shape to the air reception chamber (33), where both chambers refer to an element that forms a solid block in the shape of a rectangular prism, where said block has a plurality of holes for the entry of accessories and screws. IVIA / a / ZUZl / UlUof Ί Figures 3 and 4 show the mixing chamber (32), where said chamber refers to an element made up of a solid “L”-shaped block, where said block has a plurality of holes for the entry of accessories and screws. The assembly of the three chambers of the present invention (31,32 and 33) is carried out using fixing screws placed in the holes (6) located in the elements that make up the chambers (31 and 33), and which are fixed in the threaded holes (14) provided in the chamber element (32), as shown from the attached figures. Based on said figures, the manifold device is constituted by assembling the elements of said three chambers (31, 32 and 33) and forms a solid block that has interior ducts (34), where said block is essentially in the shape of a rectangular prism. , which has a front face (100), a rear face (101), an upper face (102), two lateral faces (103) and (104) mutually opposite and essentially parallel. In the area of ​​the front face (100) the block has a mixing block duct for connection with the respiratory circuit (8), it also has holes (6) for fixing the block with the respirator case, it also has holes ( 7) for connection with anti-asphyxiation safety valve. In the area of ​​the rear face (101) the block has threaded holes (9) for fixing the block with the respirator case, a threaded hole (10) for connection with the pressure sensor, a hole (11) for connection with overpressure valve, a hole for connection with an oxygen sensor. In the area of ​​the upper face (102) the block has a screw (1) for adjusting volume and pressure, a conduit (3) for coupling the flowmeter (40), and also has threaded holes (4) for coupling the gas block with flowmeter cover and has a bypass (5) from the air block to the oxygen block. In the area of ​​the left side face (103) the block has holes with a box for screws (2) for coupling between the air / oxygen block and the mixture manifold. The volume and pressure adjustment screw (1) allows you to precisely adjust the volume of the gases inside the manifold in an advantageous way, since it does not require any electromechanical control element, such as solenoid valves, which are placed at the flow inlet to the manifold. manifold. Figures 3 and 4 show the mixing chamber (32) of the manifold of the invention, where the element formed by the block (32) referred to said mixing chamber, has a duct (8) for connection with the respiratory circuit, It also has holes (8) for fixing said block (32) with the blocks of said chambers (31 and 33), where the block (32) also has an internal duct (32) for the respiratory circuit. The central element formed by the block (32) also has means for installing a pressure sensor, an oxygen sensor, and an overpressure valve, which are not shown in the attached figures. Where said pressure sensor is the component responsible for monitoring the internal pressure of the mixing block. Where said oxygen sensor is the component responsible for detecting the presence of oxygen within the mixing block. Where said overpressure valve is the element responsible for releasing excess or out-of-range pressure. The side elements that make up the oxygen reception chamber (31) and the air reception chamber (33) also have connectors for the anti-asphyxiation valve and a flow meter for each gas. Where said anti-asphyxiation valve is the component responsible for allowing the free passage of air if an electrical failure occurs in the equipment. iviA / a / zuz ι / u iuoz i Where said flowmeter is the element responsible for measuring the volume of air or oxygen, respectively. Typically, the manifold block is made of cast aluminum deposited in molds. The resulting block weight advantages are notable. On average it is more than 50% lighter. The density of aluminum alloys is one third compared to gray cast iron. Silicon has a positive influence on the strength of the alloy with aluminum. If the proportion is greater than 12%, then high surface hardness can be achieved by special processing, but peel machining is difficult. Excellent casting properties are also achieved in the 12% range. The potential of aluminum alloys for block weight reduction can be improved. For this reason, magnesium is used as a new material. Magnesium is the utility metal with the lowest density. Like aluminum, pure magnesium does not achieve the necessary properties to be able to cast a block. Alloys with other metals compensate for this disadvantage. The melting temperature of magnesium is very similar to that of aluminum. For its part, the melting temperature of steel is significantly higher: • Magnesium: 650 °C • Aluminum: 660 °C • Steel: 1,750 °C The electrical conductivity of aluminum and magnesium is noticeably better than that of steel. For this reason, these materials are especially suitable for shielding electromagnetic anomalies. External ducts and threaded holes are machined from the block material itself. And they are machined to final size after casting. - 10It is important to check the quality of the threaded holes. You must check that the threads are not damaged and that there is no play. A thread tester can be used to verify it. The manifold of the present invention has the advantage that from the change in the internal diameter from 6mm to 25mm a pressure reduction of 25 to 1.5 PSI is achieved, therefore, it can be installed in closed circuit systems, of the type that make almost full use of the oxygen content of the supply gas, by removing user-generated carbon dioxide and adding oxygen mixed with air to the system, when the internal volume falls below a set minimum level value, or when the Partial pressure of oxygen falls below some preset set point. The manifold of the present invention also has the advantage of a mixing chamber with variable or adjustable volume, which can be used in closed circuit breathing systems, where these generally consist of a mouthpiece from which the user breathes and which is connected by two flexible waterproof hoses, one to remove exhaled gas and the other to return the processed gas to a medium to remove carbon dioxide from the breathing gas, replenishing the metabolized oxygen and providing the volume of breathing air-oxygen mixture to maintain the system volume during descent, as gases are compressed within the breathing circuit. Such devices may be provided with a series of check valves located near the mouthpiece so that the gas flow within the breathing circuit is always maintained in a single direction. The addition of the oxygen and air mixture to the ventilator system, through the manifold of the present invention, can be carried out in the case of oxygen by means of oxygen generators, such as the type described in US Patent 2,710,003. , from Hamilton et al., Or the addition of oxygen or a gas that MA / a / ZUZI / U1 UO11 contain oxygen through a constant mass flow orifice or by means of a manually operated or sensor-controlled electronic valve. While only some features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it should be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all modifications and changes that fall within the true spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. - Oxygen and air mixing manifold and pressure reducer for use in a medical mechanical ventilator requiring a high flow of gases at low pressure, consisting of: • Three chambers, two for receiving each gas and one for mixing; • Pressure reduction (from 25 to 1.5 PSI) by changing the diameter (6mm to 25mm); • Mixing chamber with variable or adjustable volume; • One mixing outlet.

2. The gas mixer and pressure reducer manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that it has three assembled chambers, one for receiving oxygen (31), another for receiving air (33) and one more for mixing (32), and with a change in the internal diameter from 6mm to 25mm a pressure reduction from 25 to 1.5 PSI is achieved, it also has a screw (1) in the mixing chamber where the volume can be adjusted as needed.

3. The gas mixing and pressure reducing manifold according to the preceding claims, characterized by being formed by an oxygen receiving chamber (31) with a shape similar to an air receiving chamber (33), where both chambers form a solid block in the shape of a rectangular prism having a plurality of holes for the entry of accessories and screws, a mixing chamber (32), where said chamber forms a solid block in the shape of an “L” having a plurality of holes for the entry of accessories and screws.

4. The gas mixing and pressure reducing manifold according to the preceding claims, characterized by being formed by a solid block having internal channels, said block essentially having the shape of a rectangular prism, having a front face (100), a rear face (101), a top face (102), two mutually opposite and essentially parallel side faces (103) and (104), where in the area of ​​the front face (100) the block has a mixing block channel for connection with a breathing circuit (8), it also has threaded holes (6) for fixing the block to the respirator housing, it also has holes (7) for connection with an anti-asphyxiation safety valve, where in the area of ​​the rear face (101) the block has threaded holes (101) for fixing the block to the respirator housing, a threaded hole (10) for connection with a pressure sensor,a bore (11) for connection with an overpressure valve, a bore (12) for connection with an oxygen sensor, where in the area of ​​the upper face (102) the block has a screw (1) for adjusting volume and pressure, a conduit (3) for coupling a flowmeter, it also has threaded bores (4) for coupling a gas block with a flowmeter cap and it has a bypass (5) from the air block to the oxygen block, where in the area of ​​the left side face (103) the block has bores with a housing for screws (2) for coupling between the air / oxygen block and the mixing manifold.

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