Device for remote control of electrical installation

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for remote control of various apparatuses, and can be used in enterprises of the coal, oil, gas and other industries having an explosive atmosphere. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the claimed device, signals to the inputs of the control circuit are supplied from two resistive voltage dividers. To the first voltage divider, a capacitor is connected, to which the rectified voltage of the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source is supplied. To the second voltage divider, the voltage of the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source is supplied through the end diode of the remote control station. Two comparators are used as the control circuit in the device. Each of the two comparators operates to turn on and off the actuating element of the device with different methods of turning on and off the actuating element, while turning on the actuating element is excluded in the event of failure of one of the two comparators. When the output of one comparator is short-circuited, the performance of all functions of the device is ensured by the other, serviceable, comparator. This increases the reliability of the device. The voltage difference at the comparator inputs practically does not change when the comparators are switched from one mode to another. The use of two comparators in the control circuit ensures the reliability and stability of switching on the actuating element when the control circuit resistance decreases below a set value and switching off the actuating element when the control circuit resistance increases above a set value with changes in the AC voltage source voltage and changes in ambient temperature. The operation of the device from rectified voltages of only one positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source increases the stability of the device from the influence of interference in the device connection circuits, thereby increasing the reliability of the device.EFFECT: increasing the reliability and stability of control of the electrical installation controlled by the device when changing the resistance of the control circuit, when changing the voltage of the AC voltage source, when changing the ambient temperature and when violating the integrity of the earth wire included in the control circuit of mobile mechanisms and machines.8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to remote control devices for various devices, and can be used at enterprises in the coal, oil, gas and other industries that have an explosive atmosphere.

[0002] Units and devices for remote control of various devices are known.

[0003] The first device for remote control of a starter with ground resistance monitoring [1] comprises an isolating transformer with two windings, a communication line with a grounding conductor of a cable connected to the first winding of the transformer, a push-button control station with "START" and "STOP" buttons, with an end diode and a limiting resistor, a rectifier bridge connected to the second winding of the transformer, a low-pass filter connected to the limiting resistor and to a measuring element, and an actuator connected to the measuring element. The measuring element is designed as an integral timer operating in the autogenerator mode, and the actuator is connected at the output of the timer and is an audio frequency transformer, to the secondary winding of which a relay coil shunted by a capacitor is connected through a rectifier bridge.

[0004] A drawback of the device [1] is that the signal from the limiting resistor, through which the current from the control line flows, is sent to the measuring element via a multi-link narrow-band RC filter. This results in a certain delay in the activation of the oscillator. Accordingly, the relay at the actuator output also activates with a certain delay after pressing the "START" button on the pushbutton control station.

[0005] Another drawback of the device [1] is a significant delay in turning off the output relay of the actuator after pressing the "STOP" button of the pushbutton control station and stopping the operation of the oscillator. The coil of the output relay of the actuator is connected to the output of the rectifier, which is connected to the alternating voltage of the output winding of the audio frequency transformer. When the oscillator is operating at an audio frequency, a capacitor connected in parallel to the relay coil must have a large capacitance to maintain the on state of the relay. After the oscillator stops operating, voltage remains on the capacitor shunting the relay winding, and the relay remains on until the capacitor is discharged to the voltage at which the relay turns off. This degrades the operational characteristics of the device, since in emergency situations a rapid shutdown of the electrical installation controlled by the device is required.

[0006] Device [2] contains two parallel measuring circuits, two executive relay elements at the output of each measuring circuit, and one output relay. The use of two measuring circuits in device [2] improves the protection against self-switching on of the device's output relay in the event of failure of one of the measuring circuits. However, device [2] has a drawback similar to device [1] - a long turn-off time for the executive relay elements due to the large capacitance of the capacitors connected in parallel to the relay coils of the executive relay element.

[0007] The disadvantages of devices [1] and [2] also include the need to power the devices from two windings of an isolating transformer, which complicates the design and operation of the devices.

[0008] The closest approach to the claimed technical solution is a device for remote control of an electrical apparatus [3], connected to an AC voltage source. This device consists of two measuring units, each consisting of resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and an actuator relay element, a circuit for comparing the currents passing through the elements of the control circuit during the positive and negative half-periods of the AC voltage source. Device [3] is practically implemented in device [4].

[0009] Devices [3] and [4] are controlled by a push-button Control Post, which includes a START button shunted by a resistor, a STOP button, and a limit diode. In each measuring block of devices [3] and [4], during the positive half-period, the current from the AC voltage source passes through two parallel circuits: the first through the push-button Control Post and the limit diode, the second through the first diode with a positive polarity voltage output. A capacitor and a series of resistors are connected to the output of the first diode. During the negative half-period, the current from the AC voltage source goes through the second diode with a negative polarity voltage output. A capacitor and a series of resistors are connected to the output of the second diode. Based on the transistor of the control circuit of each block, a comparison of the currents flowing through the resistors during the positive and negative half-periods of the AC voltage source is performed.When the "START" button is open, the transistor in the control circuit of each unit is turned off, the relay of each measuring unit is de-energized, and the output relay element of the device is de-energized. When the "START" button is closed, the circuit of the first diode and the elements connected in series with the first diode are shunted in each measuring unit. In the current comparison circuit, the current prevails in the circuit that opens the transistor in the control circuit. The transistor in the control circuit of each measuring unit opens, the relay of each measuring unit is energized, and the output relay element of the device is energized. As the resistance in the remote control circuit increases, the current in the circuit that closes the transistor increases, the transistor in the control circuit of each measuring unit closes, the relay of each measuring unit is de-energized, and the output relay element of the device is de-energized.

[0010] The disadvantage of devices [3] and [4] is that the base-emitter voltage of the transistors in the control circuit of each measuring unit changes with changes in the ambient temperature. This leads to changes in the control circuit resistance values ​​at which the control circuit is triggered to turn on and off the actuator relay element when the ambient temperature changes.

[0011] When the AC power source voltage changes, the voltages on the capacitors and resistors connected to them change, sending signals to the base of the control circuit transistors. Changing the voltages on the capacitors and resistors connected to them changes the control currents supplied to the control circuit transistors and changes the resistance values ​​of the remote control circuit, triggering the control circuit to turn on and off the actuator relay element when the voltage supplied to the device from the AC power source changes.

[0012] In known remote control devices [3] and [4], voltages of positive and negative polarity are supplied to the control circuit from an AC voltage source, and interference voltages can affect the device's immunity to interference in both the positive and negative half-periods of the AC voltage supplying the device. The presence of interference in the device's connection circuits only during the negative or positive half-period of the AC voltage source can lead to a violation of the ratio of current values ​​flowing through the resistors from which signals are read to the control circuit transistor during the positive and negative half-periods of the AC voltage source. This can lead to changes in the control circuit's response thresholds for turning on and off the actuator relay element and to false triggering of the device.

[0013] Another disadvantage of devices [3] and [4] is that the contacts of several relays connected in series are used to turn on and off the control circuit of the switching device controlled by the device.

[0014] Due to the burning of contacts of a large number of relays connected in series during frequent switching on and off of the switching device controlled by the device, the reliability of the device is reduced.

[0015] The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is to increase the reliability and stability of an electrical installation controlled by a device. This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed device for remote control of an electrical installation, comprising two inputs of an alternating voltage source, two inputs of a remote control post, a first diode and a second diode connected in series, the anode of the first diode is connected to the circuit of the first input of the alternating voltage source, the anode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the first diode, the first capacitor, with one of its terminals connected to the cathode of the second diode, and the other - to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, a third diode, the anode of which is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode, a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series, the first resistor is connected to the cathode of the third diode, and the second resistor - to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source,a second capacitor, the first terminal of which is connected to the circuit connecting the first and second resistors, and the second terminal to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, a control circuit including a first wire and a second wire, the first terminal of the first wire is connected to the circuit of the first input of the AC voltage source, and the second terminal to the first input of the remote control post, the first terminal of the second wire is connected to the second input of the remote control post, a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series, the third resistor is connected to the second terminal of the second wire, and the fourth resistor to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, a fifth resistor and a third capacitor connected in series, the fifth resistor is connected to the circuit connecting the third resistor and the fourth resistor or to the circuit connecting the third resistor with the second terminal of the second wire, and the third capacitor to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source,a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor connected in series and connected in parallel to the third capacitor, the sixth resistor is connected to the connection circuit of the fifth resistor and the third capacitor, and the seventh resistor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, a control circuit implemented on the first comparator and the second comparator, the outputs of the comparators are implemented on transistors with an open collector, the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator are connected to the connection circuit of the first resistor, the second resistor and the second capacitor, the inverting input of the first comparator and the non-inverting input of the second comparator are connected to the connection circuit of the sixth resistor and the seventh resistor, the eighth resistor and the fourth diode, the first terminal of the eighth resistor is connected to the connection circuit of the inverting input of the first comparator and the non-inverting input of the second comparator,the second terminal of the eighth resistor is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the output of the second comparator, the first transistor whose emitter is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, the actuator whose first terminal is connected to the collector of the first transistor and the second terminal is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, the second transistor and the ninth and tenth resistors connected in series are introduced, the ninth resistor and the emitter of the second transistor are connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, the base of the second transistor is connected to the circuit connecting the ninth and tenth resistors, the tenth resistor is connected to the output of the first comparator, the eleventh and twelfth resistors connected in series, the eleventh resistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor,the output of the second comparator is connected to the connection circuit of the eleventh and twelfth resistors, and the twelfth resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, wherein the resistors and capacitors are selected in such a way that the resistance of the first resistor exceeds the resistance of the second resistor, the resistance of the fifth resistor exceeds the resistance of the fourth resistor, and the product of the resistance of the fifth resistor by the capacitance of the third capacitor and the product of the resistance of the second resistor by the capacitance of the second capacitor are equal to each other, and the voltage at the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator, relative to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, is set equal to the voltage at the inverting input of the first and non-inverting input of the second comparator with such a resistance of the control circuit,in which the switching of the control circuit from the mode of turning on the first transistor and the actuator to the mode of turning off and holding the first transistor and the actuator in the off state is ensured, and the resistance of the eighth resistor is set to such a value that the return of the control circuit from the mode of the off state of the first transistor and the actuator to the mode of turning on and holding the on state of the first transistor and the actuator is ensured with the resistance of the control circuit equal to or less than the value permissible for the transition of the control circuit to the mode of turning on and holding the on state of the first transistor and the actuator, the total resistance of the sixth, seventh and eighth resistors exceeds the resistance of the fifth resistor, the total resistance of the seventh and eighth resistors exceeds the resistance of the sixth resistor.

[0016] A third transistor and a thirteenth resistor can be additionally introduced into the device, the emitter of the third transistor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source ~Uc, one terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the output of the second comparator, and the other to the base of the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the series-connected fourteenth and fifteenth resistors, the fourteenth resistor and the emitter of the fourth transistor are connected to the connection circuit of the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, the fifteenth resistor is connected to the collector of the third transistor, the base of the fourth transistor is connected to the connection circuit of the fourteenth and fifteenth resistors and the second terminal of the actuator is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor.

[0017] A sixteenth resistor and a zener diode connected in series can be additionally introduced into the device. One terminal of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, the other terminal is connected to the cathode of the zener diode, the anode of the zener diode is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, and the ninth resistor and the emitter of the second transistor are connected to the circuit connecting the sixteenth resistor and the cathode of the zener diode, while the stabilization voltage of the zener diode should not exceed the permissible supply voltage of the comparators of the control circuit.

[0018] The actuator of the device can be implemented in the form of a voltage converter containing a high-frequency pulse generator, the plus power supply of which is connected to the circuit connecting the output of the second comparator and the eleventh resistor, and the minus power supply is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the twelfth resistor, a pulse transformer, the first terminal of the primary winding of which is connected to the circuit connecting the first capacitor and the cathode of the second diode, and the second terminal is connected to the collector of the first transistor, a rectifier, the inputs of which are connected to the terminals of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer, and a fourth capacitor and a relay element connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier.

[0019] An additional seventeenth resistor may be introduced into the device, connected between the cathode of the zener diode and the connection circuit of the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator, and the resistance of the seventeenth resistor must be much greater than the resistance of the second resistor.

[0020] An additional fifth diode can be introduced into the device between the first and second diodes, the anode of the fifth diode is connected to the cathode of the first diode, and the cathode is connected to the anode of the second diode, and the anode of the third diode is connected to the connection circuit of the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the fifth diode.

[0021] An eighteenth resistor may be additionally introduced into the device, connected between the connection circuit of the first and second resistors and the connection circuit of the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator, and the resistance of the eighteenth resistor must be much less than the resistance of the seventeenth resistor.

[0022] The device may be additionally equipped with device operability testing elements, including a sixth diode, a button with normally open contacts and an indicator, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the connection circuit of the third resistor and the second terminal of the second wire of the control circuit, the anode of the fifth diode is connected to the first contact of the button, the second contact of the button is connected to the connection circuit of the first input of the AC voltage source and the first terminal of the first wire of the control circuit, and the indicator is connected in parallel to the actuator of the device or in parallel to the relay element of the actuator of the device.

[0023] The proposed features of the invention, different from the prototype, are necessary and sufficient in all cases to which the legal protection of the invention extends.

[0024] The essence of the invention is explained by drawings, which depict:

[0025] - in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 - examples of the implementation of circuits of the proposed device;

[0026] - in Fig. 5 and 6 - diagrams of voltages and currents of circuit elements.

[0027] The device in Fig. 1, 2, 3 contains two inputs of the AC voltage source ~Uc, two inputs of the Remote Control Post, the first diode 1 and the second diode 2 connected in series, the anode of the first diode 1 is connected to the circuit of the first input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the anode of diode 2 is connected to the cathode of diode 1, the first capacitor 3, with one of its terminals connected to the cathode of diode 2, and the other to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the third diode 4, the anode of which is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of diode 1 and the anode of diode 2, the first resistor 5 and the second resistor 6 connected in series, resistor 5 is connected to the cathode of diode 4, and the second resistor 6 to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the second capacitor 7, with one terminal connected to the circuit connecting resistors 5 and 6, and the other to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source -Uc, the control circuit 8, including the first wire 9 and second wire 10,the first terminal of wire 9 is connected to the circuit of the first input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, and the second terminal is connected to the first input of the Remote Control Post, the first terminal of wire 10 is connected to the second input of the Remote Control Post, the third resistor 11 and the fourth resistor 12 are connected in series, resistor 11 is connected to the second terminal of wire 10, and the fourth resistor 12 is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the fifth resistor 13 and the third capacitor 14 are connected in series, resistor 13 is connected to the circuit of connecting resistor 11 and resistor 12 or to the circuit of connecting resistor 11 with the second terminal of wire 10, and capacitor 14 is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the sixth resistor 15 and the seventh resistor 16 are connected in series and connected in parallel to the third capacitor, resistor 15 is connected to the circuit of connecting resistor 13 and capacitor 14, and resistor 16 is connected to the circuit of the second input of alternating voltage source ~Uc,control circuit 17, implemented on the first comparator 18 and the second comparator 19, the output 20 of the comparator 18 and the output 21 of the comparator 19 are implemented on transistors with an open collector, the non-inverting input 22 of the comparator 18 and the inverting input 23 of the comparator 19 are connected to the connection circuit of the resistor 5, resistor 6 and capacitor 7, the inverting input 24 of the comparator18 and the non-inverting input 25 of the comparator 19 are connected to the connection circuit of the resistor 15 and the resistor 16, the eighth resistor 26 and the fourth diode 27, the first terminal of the resistor 26 is connected to the connection circuit of the inputs 24, 25, the second terminal of the resistor 26 is connected to the anode of the diode 27 and the cathode of the diode 27 is connected to the output 21, the first transistor 28, the emitter of which is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating current source voltage ~Uc, actuator 29, the first terminal of which is connected to the collector of the first transistor 28, and the second terminal is connected to the connection circuit of the cathode of the diode 2 and the capacitor 3,a second transistor 30 and a ninth resistor 31 and a tenth resistor 32 connected in series are introduced, resistor 31 and the emitter of transistor 30 are connected to the connection circuit of the cathode of diode 2 and capacitor 3, the base of transistor 30 is connected to the connection circuit of resistors 31 and 32, resistor 32 is connected to output 20, an eleventh resistor 33 and a twelfth resistor 34 connected in series, resistor 33 is connected to the collector of transistor 30, output 21 is connected to the connection circuit of resistors 33, 34, and resistor 34 is connected to the base of transistor 28, wherein the resistors and capacitors are selected in such a way that the resistance of resistor 5 exceeds the resistance of resistor 6, the resistance of resistor 13 exceeds the resistance of resistor 12, and the product of the resistance of resistor 13 by the capacitance of capacitor 14 and the product of the resistance of resistor 6 by the capacitance of capacitor 7 are equal between itself, and the voltage at the inputs is 22,23 relative to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source ~Uc is set equal to the voltage at the inputs 24, 25 with such a resistance of the control circuit 8, which ensures switching of the control circuit 17 from the mode of turning on the transistor 28 and the actuator 29 to the mode of turning off and holding in the off state of the transistor 28 and the actuator 29, and the resistance of the resistor 26 is set to such a value, which ensures the return of the control circuit 17 from the mode of the off state of the transistor 28 and the actuator 29 to the mode of turning on and holding the on state of the transistor 28 and the actuator 29 with the resistance of the control circuit 8, equal to or less than the value permissible for the transition of the control circuit 17 to the mode of turning on and holding the on state of the transistor 28 and the actuator 29, the total resistance of the resistors 15, 16, 26 exceeds the resistance of the resistor 13,the total resistance of resistors 16, 26 exceeds the resistance of resistor 15.,

[0028] In the circuit of Fig. 2, a third transistor 35 and a thirteenth resistor 36 are additionally introduced, the emitter of transistor 35 is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source ~Uc, resistor 36 is connected with one terminal to output 21, and with the other to the base of transistor 35, a fourth transistor 37 and a series-connected fourteenth resistor 38 and fifteenth resistor 39, resistor 38 and the emitter of transistor 37 are connected to the connection circuit of the cathode of diode 2 and capacitor 3, resistor 39 is connected to the collector of transistor 35, the base of transistor 37 is connected to the connection circuit of resistors 38, 39 and the second terminal of the actuator 29 is connected to the collector of transistor 37.

[0029] In the circuit of Fig. 2, a sixteenth resistor 40 and a zener diode 41 are additionally introduced, resistor 40 is connected with one terminal to the connection circuit of the cathode of diode 2 and capacitor 3, with the other terminal to the cathode of zener diode 41, the anode of zener diode 41 is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source ~Uc, and resistor 31 and the emitter of transistor 30 are connected to the connection circuit of resistor 40 and the cathode of zener diode 41, while the stabilization voltage of zener diode 41 should not exceed the permissible supply voltage of comparators 18, 19.

[0030] In the diagram of Fig. 3, the actuator 29 is made in the form of a voltage converter containing a high-frequency pulse generator 42, the plus of the power supply of which is connected to the connection circuit of the output 21 and the resistor 33, and the minus of the power supply is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source ~Uc, the output of the pulse generator 42 is connected to the resistor 34, a pulse transformer 43, the first terminal of the primary winding of which is connected to the connection circuit of the capacitor 3 and the cathode of the diode 2, and the second terminal is connected to the collector of the transistor 28, a rectifier 44, the inputs of which are connected to the terminals of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer 43, and a fourth capacitor 45 and a relay element 46 connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier 44.

[0031] In the diagram of Fig. 3, a seventeenth resistor 47 is additionally introduced into the device, connected between the cathode of the zener diode 41 and the connection circuit of terminals 22, 23 of comparators 18, 19, and the resistance of resistor 47 must be much greater than the resistance of resistor 6.

[0032] In the diagram of Fig. 3, a fifth diode 48 is additionally introduced into the device between diode 1 and diode 2, the anode of diode 48 is connected to the cathode of diode 1, the cathode of diode 48 is connected to the anode of diode 2, and the anode of diode 4 is connected to the connection circuit of the cathode of diode 1 and the anode of diode 48.

[0033] In the diagram of Fig. 3, an eighteenth resistor 49 is additionally introduced into the device, connected between the connection circuit of resistors 5, 6 and the connection circuit of terminals 22, 23 of comparators 18, 19, and the resistance of resistor 48 should be much less than the resistance of resistor 47.

[0034] In the diagrams of Fig. 1, 2 and 3, additional elements for checking the device’s serviceability are introduced, including a sixth diode 50, a button 51 with normally open contacts and an indicator 52, the cathode of the diode 50 is connected to the connection circuit of the resistor 11 and the second terminal of the second wire 10, the anode of the diode 50 is connected to the first contact of the button 51, the second contact of the button 51 is connected to the connection circuit of the first input of the alternating voltage source ~Uc and the first terminal of the first wire 9, and the indicator 52 is connected in parallel to the actuator 29 in the diagrams of Fig. 1 and 2 and in parallel to the relay element 46 in the diagram of Fig. 3.

[0035] Fig. 4 shows the connection of resistor 13 to the connection circuit of resistor 11 and the second terminal of wire 10.

[0036] Remote control post 53 contains two inputs, a "START" button 54, the first contact of which is connected to the first input of Remote control post 53, a "STOP" button 55, the first contact of which is connected to the second contact of the "START" button 54, an end diode 56, the anode of which is connected to the second contact of the "STOP" button 55, and the cathode is connected to the second input of Remote control post 53, and a resistor 57, wherein the first input of Remote control post 53 is connected to the second terminal of wire 9, and the second input of Remote control post 53 is connected to the first terminal of wire 10.

[0037] The resistance of resistor 57 is set to be greater than the resistance value of control circuit 8, at which control circuit 17 switches from the mode of maintaining the off state of transistor 28 and actuator 29 to the mode of turning on transistor 28 and actuator 29.

[0038] Resistor 57 in the diagrams of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is installed in the remote control post 53 parallel to the closing contact of the “START” button 54 to maintain the integrity of the control circuit 8 and maintain the on state of the electrical installation after the “START” button 54 is released.

[0039] The electrical installation can be controlled by a contactor, which is switched on and off by the actuator 29. In this case, the resistor 57 can be connected to the normally open contact of the "START" button 54 via the interlocking contact 58 of the contactor. The connection of contact 58 is shown in the diagram in Fig. 3. The contactor, which switches the electrical installation on and off, is not shown in the diagram in Fig. 3. After switching on the contactor, closing contact 58 and releasing the "START" button 54, the integrity of the control circuit 8 and the switched-on state of the electrical installation are maintained.

[0040] The circuits in Fig. 1 and 2 with a parallel connection of resistor 57 to the contacts of the “START” button 54 are used with a two-wire control line.

[0041] The circuit in Fig. 3 with the connection of resistor 57 to the contacts of the “START” button 54 via contact 58 is used with a three-wire control line.

[0042] The circuit in Fig. 1 with Remote Control Post 53 connected operates as follows.

[0043] During the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source ~Uc, a single-half-cycle current of positive polarity flows through diodes 1 and 2, establishing a constant voltage across capacitor 3. The voltage from capacitor 3 is fed to control circuit 17.

[0044] During the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source ~Uc, a single-half-cycle current of positive polarity flows through diodes 1, 4 and resistors 5, 6. Capacitor 7 is charged through resistor 5, and a constant voltage is established across capacitor 7. The voltage from the connection circuit of resistors 5, 6 and capacitor 7 is fed to inputs 22, 23.

[0045] When the START button 54 is pressed, the contacts of this button are closed, the resistor 57 is shunted and does not affect the operation of the device, the current Iy flows through the closed contact of the START button 54.

[0046] When the START button 54 is released, the contacts of this button open, and resistor 57 is connected to control circuit 8.

[0047] When the contacts of the "START" button 54 are open, during the positive half-period of the alternating voltage source ~Uc, a single-half-period current Iy of positive polarity flows through the wire 9, resistor 57, the closed "STOP" button 55, the end diode 56, the wire 10, resistor 11 and resistor 12, and part of the voltage of positive polarity of the alternating voltage source ~Uc drops across the resistor 12. From the voltage on the resistor 12, the capacitor 14 is charged through the resistor 13, the voltage from the capacitor 14 is fed to the resistors 15, 16, and the voltage from the resistor 16 is fed to the inputs 24 and 25.

[0048] In the negative half-period of the AC voltage source ~Uc, capacitor 7 is discharged through resistor 6, and capacitor 14 is discharged through resistors 13, 12, 15 and 16.

[0049] With a constant input voltage of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the voltage on the capacitor 7 and U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23 does not change when the resistance of control circuit 8 changes.

[0050] When the resistance of the control circuit 8 changes, the control current Iy changes through resistors 11, 12, the voltage drop across resistor 12 changes, and through resistor 13 the voltage on capacitor 14 changes, on resistor 16 and voltage U 24 ,25 at inputs 24, 25 (see diagrams in Fig. 5).

[0051] When the resistance of the control circuit 8 decreases, the control current Iy increases, the voltage drop across the resistor 12 increases, the voltage across the capacitor 14 increases, across the resistor 16 and the voltage U increases 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 (see diagrams in Fig. 5).

[0052] When the resistance of the control circuit 8 increases, the control current Iy decreases, the voltage drop across the resistor 12 decreases, the voltage across the capacitor 14 decreases, across the resistor 16 and the voltage U decreases 24 , 25 at entrances 24, 25.

[0053] Relative to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the voltage U 24 , 25 at inputs 24, 25 is compared with voltage U 22 , 23 at entrances 22, 23.

[0054] Resistor 5 is installed in a position in which control circuit 17 switches from the mode of turning on actuator 29 to the mode of turning off and maintaining the off state of actuator 29 when the total resistance of the control line increases more than the permissible resistance of control circuit 8 and the resistance value of resistor 57. Control circuit 17 switches to the mode of turning off and maintaining the off state of actuator 29 at voltage U 24 , 25at inputs 24, 25 there is less voltage U 22,23 at entrances 22, 23.

[0055] After setting the resistor 5 to the position in which the control circuit 17 switches to the mode of switching off and holding the actuator 29 in the off state, the resistance of the resistor 26 is set to such a value that it ensures the return of the control circuit 17 from the mode of the off state of the actuator 29 to the mode of switching on and holding the on state of the actuator 29 at the resistance value of the control circuit 8, at which switching on of the actuator 29 is permitted.

[0056] When the START button 54 is pressed, the contacts of this button are closed. When the total resistance of the control circuit 8 is equal to or less than the resistance permissible for turning on the actuator 29, the voltage U 24 , 25max at inputs 24, 25 a higher voltage U is set 22 , 23at inputs 22, 23 (see diagram in Fig. 5), the transistor at output 20 opens, the transistor at output 21 closes. The closed transistor at output 21 does not affect the operation of other elements of the circuit. Through the open transistor at output 20 and through resistor 32, transistor 30 is turned on, through resistors 33, 34, transistor 28 is turned on, and actuator 29 is turned on. When the transistor at output 21 is closed, the voltage at the junction of diode 27, resistors 33, 34 rises and is established above voltage U 24 ,2s at inputs 24, 25, the current through diode 27 and resistor 26 is very small or absent, capacitor 14 in the negative half-period of the AC voltage source ~Uc is practically discharged only through resistors 13, 12, 15, 16. With the transistor at output 20 open and the transistor at output 21 closed, control circuit 17 sets the stable switching mode of transistor 28 and actuator 29.

[0057] After switching the control circuit 17 to the mode of turning on and maintaining the on state of the actuator 29, the "START" button 54 is released. When the "START" button 54 is released, the contacts of the "START" button 54 open, a resistor 57 shunting the contacts of the "START" button 54 is additionally included in the control circuit 8, the total resistance of the remote control line increases by the value of the resistance of the resistor 57. After the "START" button 54 is released, a voltage corresponding to maintaining the on state of the actuator 29 is established on the capacitor 14 and on the resistor 16.

[0058] When the total resistance of the control line increases, taking into account the resistance of the control circuit 8 and the resistance 57 is greater than the resistance value corresponding to the switching of the control circuit 17 to the shutdown mode of the actuator 29, the voltage drop across the resistor 12 decreases, the voltage across the capacitor 14 decreases, across the resistor 16, the voltage U 24,25minat inputs 24, 25 a lower voltage U is set 22,23 At inputs 22 and 23, output transistor 20 closes, and output transistor 21 opens. When output transistor 20 is closed, current through resistors 32 and 31 ceases, transistor 30 closes, current through resistors 33 and 34 ceases, transistor 28 closes, and actuator 29 turns off.

[0059] By closing the transistor at output 20, transistors 30, 28 are closed and the first blocking from turning on of actuator 29 is ensured.

[0060] Through the open transistor of output 21, diode 27 is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, resistor 26 and diode 27 are connected in parallel to resistor 16, the total resistance of the parallel-connected resistors 16, 26 and diode 27 becomes even smaller, capacitor 14 through resistors 16, 26 and diode 27 discharges even faster, the voltage on resistor 16 and voltage U 24 , 25minat inputs 24, 25 an even lower voltage U is set 22,23 at inputs 22, 23. When resistor 26 and diode 27 are connected to resistor 16, a stable open state mode of the transistor is established at output 21.

[0061] The open transistor of output 21 shunts resistor 34 and the base of transistor 28, transistor 28 is held in a stable closed state, and actuator 29 is turned off.

[0062] When the output transistor 21 is open, additional retention of the closed state of transistor 28 is ensured, and a second blocking from turning on of actuator 29 is provided.

[0063] After switching circuit 17 to turn off actuator 29, the voltage on capacitor 14, resistor 16 and voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 continues to decrease to a value corresponding to maintaining the off state of actuator 29.

[0064] By connecting diode 27 through open output 21 to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc and by additionally discharging capacitor 14 through resistor 26 and diode 27, a rapid transition of control circuit 17 from the mode of turning on actuator 29 to the mode of turning off actuator 29 is ensured when the resistance of control circuit 8 increases above the value corresponding to the switching of control circuit 17 to the mode of turning off and maintaining the off state of actuator 29.

[0065] When the contacts of the START button 54 are closed and the total resistance of the control circuit 8 decreases to a value equal to or less than the value permissible for switching the control circuit 17 to the mode of switching on the actuator 29, the control current Iy increases, the voltage drop across the resistor 12 increases, the voltage across the capacitor 14 increases, across the resistor 16 and the voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25. When voltage U is reached 24,25at inputs 24, 25 there is more voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23, the transistor at output 20 opens, the transistor at output 21 closes, transistors 30, 28 and the actuator 29 turn on. When the transistor at output 21 is closed, diode 27 is disconnected from the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, the discharge of capacitor 14 through resistor 26 and diode 27 decreases, the voltage on capacitor 14, resistor 16 and voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 increases faster, which leads to control circuit 17 maintaining stable switching on of actuator 29.

[0066] The resistance of resistor 26 is set to such a value that the return of control circuit 17 from the mode of maintaining the off state of actuator 29 to the mode of turning on and maintaining the on state of actuator 29 is ensured with the resistance of control circuit 8 equal to or less than the value permissible for the transition of control circuit 17 to the mode of turning on and maintaining the on state of actuator 29.

[0067] In the mode of connecting to resistor 16 resistor 26 and diode 27 through the open transistor of output 21 and reverse disconnection of resistor 26 and diode 27 from resistor 16 when closing the transistor at output 21, voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 it changes abruptly.

[0068] When the voltage U changes abruptly 24,25 at inputs 24, 25, control circuit 17 abruptly switches to the mode of switching on and stably maintaining the actuator 29 in the on state and back.

[0069] When resistor 26 and diode 27 are connected to resistor 16 and disconnected from it, control circuit 17 operates in hysteresis mode, which ensures rapid switching of control circuit 17 from the mode of holding actuator 29 off to the mode of turning on and holding actuator 29 on, and vice versa. This ensures improved response speed and greater reliability of turning actuator 29 on and off.

[0070] When the AC voltage source ~Uc changes, the voltages on capacitor 14, resistor 16, and capacitor 7 always change synchronously and in the same direction. Accordingly, the voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 changes synchronously with voltage U 22,23 at entrances 22, 23.

[0071] The ratio of the voltage drop across resistor 6 to the voltage drop across resistor 5 and the ratio of the voltage drop across resistor 12 to the voltage drop across wire 9, resistor 57, end diode 56, wire 10 and resistor 11 are maintained when the AC voltage source voltage ~Uc changes, accordingly, the voltage ratio U is maintained 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 to voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23 relative to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc. While maintaining the specified voltage ratios, the resistance values ​​of the control circuit 8 are maintained, at which the control circuit 17 switches to turn on and off the actuator 29 when the voltage of the AC voltage source ~Uc changes.

[0072] When the voltage of the AC voltage source ~Uc changes, the voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 there is always either more or less voltage U 22,23at inputs 22, 23, depending on the resistance of control circuit 8. Control circuit 17 unambiguously maintains the stable on / off mode of actuator 29, regardless of changes in the AC source voltage ~Uc. The resistance values ​​in control circuit 8, at which control circuit 17 switches on and off, and maintains actuator 29 in the on / off state, are maintained when the AC source voltage ~Uc changes. This increases the stability and reliability of control of the electrical installation controlled by the device.

[0073] When the control circuit 8 is short-circuited, the device operates as follows.

[0074] Through diodes 1, 4, only positive polarity voltage is always applied to resistors 5, 6, and capacitor 7 is constantly charged with only positive polarity current during the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source ~Uc. During the negative half-cycle of the AC voltage source ~Uc, capacitor 7 is always discharged through resistor 6. Therefore, when the AC voltage source ~Uc is turned on, voltage U is always present on capacitor 7 and at inputs 22, 23. 22,23 .

[0075] When control circuit 8 is closed, wires 9, 10 and inputs of Remote Control Post 53 are closed, current of positive and negative polarity flows through resistors 11, 12 (see diagrams in Fig. 6), and voltage of positive and negative polarity drops across resistor 12. During the positive half-period of the alternating voltage source ~Uc, capacitor 14 is charged with current I through resistor 13. 13positive polarity, and in the negative half-cycle is discharged by current I 13 through resistors 13, 12, 15 and 16. Voltage U is set on capacitor 14, resistor 16 and inputs 24, 25 24,25 , close to zero. When the control circuit 8 is closed, the voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 there is always less voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23, the operating mode of control circuit 17 when closed in control circuit 8 corresponds to the mode of holding actuator 29 in the off state when voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 there is less voltage U 22,23 at entrances 22, 23.

[0076] When the STOP button 55 is pressed, the control circuit 8 is opened.

[0077] When control circuit 8 is opened, there is no current through remote control post 53, through resistors 11, 12, there is no voltage drop across resistor 12, capacitor 14 does not charge, the voltage across capacitor 14 and resistor 16 decreases, voltage U 24,25at inputs 24, 25 a lower voltage U is set 22,23 at inputs 22, 23, control circuit 17 switches to the shutdown mode of actuator 29.

[0078] Through the open transistor of output 21, diode 27 is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc, resistor 26 and diode 27 are connected in parallel to resistor 16, the total resistance of the parallel-connected resistors 16, 26 and diode 27 becomes even smaller, capacitor 14 through resistors 16, 26 and diode 27 discharges even faster, the voltage on resistor 16 and voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 an even lower voltage U is set 22,23 at inputs 22, 23. When resistor 26 and diode 27 are connected to resistor 16, a stable open state mode of the transistor is established at output 21.

[0079] When the STOP button 55 is released, the contacts of this button close. When the output transistor 21 is open and the circuit 17 switches to the shutdown mode of the actuator 29, voltage U is set at inputs 24, 25 24,25 , corresponding to maintaining the switched-off state of the actuator 29.

[0080] The circuit in Fig. 2 with resistors 36, 38, 39 and transistors 35, 37 installed operates as follows.

[0081] When output transistor 21 is closed, output transistor 20 is open and transistor 30 is turned on, transistors 35, 28 are turned on through resistors 33, 36, 34, transistor 37 is turned on through resistor 39, and actuator 29 is turned on through transistors 37, 28. The operation of the remaining elements of the circuit in Fig. 2 corresponds to the operation of the elements in the circuit in Fig. 1.

[0082] The actuator 29 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be implemented on a relay.

[0083] The circuit in Fig. 3 works as follows.

[0084] When the total resistance of control circuit 8 decreases to a value equal to or less than the value permissible for turning on actuator 29, output transistor 20 opens and transistor 30 turns on. Voltage is supplied to pulse generator 42 through resistor 33, pulse generator 42 starts to operate, pulses from generator 42 are supplied through resistor 34 to transistor 28, and from transistor 28, pulses are supplied to the primary winding of pulse transformer 43. Pulses from the secondary winding of pulse transformer 43 are rectified by rectifier 44, a constant voltage appears on capacitor 45, and relay element 46 is turned on, from which the contactor and electrical installation are turned on. When pulse generator 42 operates at high frequency, a small capacitance of capacitor 45 is sufficient to keep relay element 46 in the on state.

[0085] When the total resistance of control circuit 8 increases above the value at which actuator 29 should turn off, transistor 20 at output closes, transistor 30 turns off, voltage is not supplied to pulse generator 42, pulse generator 42 stops working, pulses are supplied to resistor 34, transistor 28 and to the primary winding of pulse transformer 43. There are no pulses on the secondary winding of transformer 43, there is no voltage at the output of rectifier 44, the voltage on capacitor 45 drops, relay element 46 turns off, the contactor and electrical installation are turned off. With a small capacitance, capacitor 45 discharges quickly, and relay element 46, the contactor and electrical installation quickly turn off.

[0086] The circuit in Fig. 3 with resistors 47, 49 connected works as follows.

[0087] When diode 4 is open, there is no current through resistor 5.

[0088] A small current flows through resistors 47, 49 from the voltage of zener diode 41, capacitor C2 charges to the value of the voltage drop across resistor 6. When the resistance of resistor 47 exceeds the resistance of resistors 6, 49 many times, a small voltage is established across resistor 6 and capacitor 7. When the "START" button 53 is off and contact 58 is open, control circuit 8 is open, and voltage U is applied to inputs 24, 25. 24,25 no. When the START button 54 is off and contact 58 is open, even with a small voltage drop across resistor 6, the voltage across capacitor 7 and voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23 there is always more voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25, the device operates in the control circuit open mode 8, the actuator 29 is switched off.

[0089] When there is an open circuit in the diode 4 circuit and a small voltage U 22,23at inputs 22, 23 the values ​​of the resistances of the control circuit 8 change, at which the actuator 29 is switched on and off, and the device in the diagram of Fig. 3 will perform the functions of switching on and off the actuator 29 and the electrical installation when the “START” 54 and “STOP” 55 buttons are pressed.

[0090] When the circuit from capacitor 7 and resistor 6 to inputs 22, 23 is open, the supply voltage of zener diode 41 is set at inputs 22, 23 through resistor 47. When the circuit from resistor 6 and capacitor 7 to inputs 22, 23 is open, voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23 there is always more voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25, and false activation of actuator 29 and electrical installation is excluded.

[0091] When diode 48 is introduced into the device, capacitor 3 is charged by current through diodes 1, 48 and 2, while the operating modes of other elements in the circuits of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are maintained. When any of the diodes 48 or 2 is closed, the sawtooth voltage shape on capacitor 7 is maintained.

[0092] Device health check items 50, 51, 52 operate as follows.

[0093] When the device is operating in the off mode of the actuator 29, button 51 is pressed, the anode of the diode 50 is connected to the first terminal of the first wire 9, which corresponds to the equivalent connection of the Remote Control Post 53 with zero resistance of the control circuit line 8. In this mode, the control circuit 17 in the device turns on the actuator 29 and the indicator 52. When button 51 is released, the diode 50 is disconnected from the first terminal of the first wire 9, the Remote Control Post 53 with the turned off START button 54 remains connected in the control line, the resistance of the control circuit line 8 is restored, at which the actuator 29 and the indicator 52 are turned off. The turning on of the indicator 52 when button 51 is pressed and the turning off of the indicator 52 when button 51 is released confirm the serviceability of the device.

[0094] Resistor 49 in the circuit in Fig. 3 limits the discharge current of capacitor 7 to an intrinsically safe value when inputs 22, 23 are closed to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source ~Uc.

[0095] In the circuit in Fig. 3, when the actuator 29 is switched off, the contactor is switched off and the contact 58 is opened. When the "STOP" button 55 is released, the contacts of this button are closed, the control circuit 8 remains open with the open contacts of the "START" button 54 and the open contact 58. When the control circuit 8 is open, the control circuit 17 holds the actuator 29 in a stable off state, the contactor and the electrical installation are not switched on.

[0096] The difference in the operation of the circuits in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 3 is as follows.

[0097] In the diagrams in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, when the contacts of the “START” button 54 are open, the control circuit 8 is closed through the resistor 57, the resistance of the control circuit 8 corresponds to the total resistance of the wire 9, the resistor 57 and the wire 10, which is greater than the resistance value permissible for turning on the actuator 29, the actuator 29 and the electrical installation are turned off.

[0098] In the circuit in Fig. 3, when the contacts of the “START” button 54 are open and contact 58 is open, the control circuit 8 is open, the device operates in the mode of an open control circuit 8, the actuator 29 and the electrical installation are switched off.

[0099] When connecting resistor 13 according to the circuit in Fig. 4 to the connection circuit of resistor 11 and the second terminal of the second wire 10 of the control circuit, the operating voltages on capacitors 7, 14 and resistor 16 may differ from the voltages on the same elements in the circuits in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, while the operating principle of the device remains the same.

[0100] In accordance with the electrical installation rules, for continuous monitoring of the integrity of the grounding wire of mobile mechanisms and machines, the grounding wire must be included in the remote control circuit of mobile mechanisms and machines. In the diagrams of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, wire 10 is used as the grounding wire in the remote control circuit 8. If wire 10 is broken or the resistance of the entire control line increases due to a break in the contact of wire 10 with resistor 11 and with the second input of Remote Control Post 53, the control circuit 8 opens or the resistance of the entire control line exceeds the value permissible for the safe operation of the electrical installation, control circuit 17 switches to the mode of switching off and maintaining the off state of the actuator 29, the contactor and the electrical installation are switched off.

[0101] If there is interference voltage in the device connection circuits, this interference is synchronously reflected on resistor 6 and resistor 12. Accordingly, the voltage on capacitor 7, capacitor 14, resistor 16, and voltage U change proportionally and synchronously. 22,23 on the voltage inputs 22, 23 and voltage U 2425 at inputs 24, 25. Accordingly, in the absence or presence of interference, the voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 there is always either more or less voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23 depending on the resistance of control circuit 8.

[0102] In the presence or absence of interference voltage in the device connection circuits, the voltage U 2425 at inputs 24, 25 there is always more voltage U stored 22,23 at inputs 22, 23, if the resistance of control circuit 8 is equal to or less than the value at which control circuit 17 holds actuator 29 in a stable on state (see diagrams in Fig. 5, 6).

[0103] In the presence or absence of interference voltage in the device connection circuits, the voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 there is always less voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23, if the resistance of control circuit 8 is greater than the value at which control circuit 17 holds actuator 29 in a stable off state (see diagrams in Fig. 5, 6).

[0104] When the device is in good working order, control circuit 17 operates only from positive-polarity voltage. Interference during the negative half-cycle of the AC voltage source ~Uc does not affect the operation of the proposed device.

[0105] In the proposed device, during the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage source ~Uc, interference in the device's connection circuits and on the device's components is reflected synchronously. Control circuit 17 unambiguously maintains stable on / off operation of actuator 29, regardless of the presence of interference voltage in the device's connection circuits. The presence of interference voltage in the device's connection circuits does not disrupt the steady-state operation of control circuit 17. Thus, due to the device's improved noise immunity from the influence of interference voltage in the device's connection circuits, the reliability of the proposed device is increased.

[0106] In known devices [2], [3], when a short circuit occurs in the control circuit, all measuring voltage dividers involved in the operation of the devices in the positive and negative half-periods of the AC voltage source ~Uc are closed; the output relay elements of the devices are turned off due to the absence of control currents at the input of the measuring transistors of the control circuits of the devices.

[0107] In the proposed device, control signals are always present, including voltage U is always present at inputs 22, 23 22,23 When the control circuit 8 is closed or opened, voltage U is always set at inputs 24, 25. 24,25 , close to zero or less voltage U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23. In the proposed device, control circuit 17 keeps actuator 29 in the off state not due to the absence of control signals at inputs 24, 25, but in the presence of U 24,25at inputs 24, 25 voltage, which when closing or opening the control circuit 8 is always less than voltage U 22,23 at entrances 22, 23.

[0108] This achieves better reliability and control stability of the proposed device.

[0109] In device [3], maintaining the on / off modes of the output relay is ensured by turning on / off the auxiliary contacts of the contactor. Unlike device [3], in the proposed device, maintaining the on / off modes of the actuator 29 is ensured by control circuit 17 without connecting the auxiliary contacts of the contactor, thereby ensuring better response speed and better control reliability of the proposed device.

[0110] The product of the resistance of resistor 6 and the capacitance of capacitor 7 determines the discharge time constant of capacitor 7.

[0111] The product of the resistance of resistor 13 and the capacitance of capacitor 14 determines the discharge time constant of capacitor 14. The resistance of resistor 13 is set greater than that of resistor 12, and the resistance of resistor 12 can be ignored when calculating the discharge time constant of capacitor 14. The resistances of resistors 15, 16, and 26 are set greater than that of resistor 13, and the resistances of resistors 15, 16, and 26 can be ignored when calculating the discharge time constant of capacitor 14.

[0112] When the discharge time constants of capacitor 7 and capacitor 14 are equal, the shapes of the sawtooth voltages on capacitor 7 and capacitor 14 coincide, and the transition of the sawtooth voltage U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25, there is an up or down movement simultaneously along the entire sawtooth voltage line U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23, which ensures rapid switching of control circuit 17 to the mode of switching on or off actuator 29.

[0113] When connecting inputs 24, 25 to the connection circuit of resistors 15, 16 according to the diagrams in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a stepwise transition up or down of the sawtooth voltage U is ensured 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 relative to the entire sawtooth voltage line U 22,23 at inputs 22, 23. This ensures the operation of control circuit 17 in hysteresis mode, which ensures better stability and control stability of the device when switching control circuit 17 to the mode of turning on or off actuator 29 in accordance with the resistance of control circuit 8.

[0114] Control circuit 17 is implemented on comparators. Voltage difference U 24,25 at inputs 24, 25 and U 22,23at inputs 22, 23, at which outputs 20, 21 switch on and off the actuator 29, changes practically little with changes in the AC source voltage ~Uc and with changes in the ambient temperature. In comparison with devices [2] and [3], in which transistors are used as the comparing element in the control circuits, the proposed device achieves better stability in maintaining parameters with changes in the AC source voltage ~Uc and changes in the ambient temperature.

[0115] When the first diode 1 is closed, the voltage of the positive half-period of the AC voltage source ~Uc is supplied to the capacitor 3 through the serviceable diode 2, the voltage is supplied to the capacitor 7 through the diode 4, the operating mode of the device is not disturbed.

[0116] When diode 4 is closed, the voltage of the positive half-period of the AC voltage source ~Uc is supplied to capacitor 7 through a serviceable diode 1, the operating mode of the device is not disturbed.

[0117] When one of the transistors 28 or 37 in the diagram of Fig. 2 is closed, the switching on and off of the actuator 29 is ensured by the serviceable transistor 37 or 28, the operating mode of the device is not disturbed.

[0118] To turn on and off the actuator 29, comparators 18, 19 operate simultaneously and duplicate each other, but with different methods of turning on and off the actuator 29.

[0119] If control circuit 17 is operational, to turn off actuator 29, comparator 18 stops supplying current to all transistors of the device, comparator 19 shunts the supply of control currents to transistors 28, 35, 37, and if comparator 18 or transistor 30 fails, control currents are additionally shunted by the open transistor of output 21 of comparator 19. Using comparators with different control methods allows maintaining the operability of the device if one of comparators 18 or 19 fails.

[0120] If one of the comparators 18 or 19 fails, the device is controlled by a working comparator 19 or 18, and the operating mode of the device is not disrupted.

[0121] The circuit in Fig. 3 with resistor 47 and contact 58 ensures more reliable operation of the switching off of actuator 29, since when the “START” button 54 is not pressed, there is no current through the remote control post 53, the control circuit 17 operates in the mode of maintaining the switched off state of actuator 29.

[0122] When used in the circuits of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the relay used as the actuator 29 is supplied with direct current, and to keep the relay in the on state, there is no need to connect a large-capacity capacitor in parallel to the relay winding, which is the case in device [1]. This significantly reduces the turn-off time of the actuator 29 and the turn-off of the electrical installation controlled by the device. Compared with device [1], the proposed device is faster.

[0123] The electrical installation controlled by devices [2] and [3] is switched off after several relays are switched off. Compared with devices [2] and [3], in the proposed device, switching off of the electrical installation can be ensured by one actuator 29. Compared with devices [2] and [3], the proposed device is faster-acting.

[0124] In devices [1] and [2], signals from three circuits connecting the device elements are fed to the inputs of two comparators in the control circuits. Each of the two comparators is triggered by a deviation at one of its inputs of the voltage from the low-pass filter output from the value of its reference voltage on the voltage divider of the measuring element. If one of the comparators fails, control of the device-controlled starter may be disrupted.

[0125] In the proposed device, only two voltages active in the circuit are applied to the inputs of two comparators. Both comparators operate simultaneously and duplicate each other in turning on or off the actuator 29, with different methods for interlocking the actuator 29 from turning on. If one comparator fails, the control functions of the device are performed by another, serviceable comparator, and the operating mode of the device is not disrupted. Compared to devices [1] and [2], the proposed device ensures improved control reliability of the electrical installation controlled by the device.

[0126] In device [1], the measuring element is designed as a timer operating in the auto-oscillator mode at an audio frequency, and the actuator with the audio frequency transformer included in its composition is connected to the output of the timer.

[0127] In the proposed device, the high-frequency pulse generator 42 in the diagram of Fig. 3 is not part of the measuring element, as in device [1], but part of the actuator. In device [1], the operation of the autogenerator is limited to the range of audio frequencies. Compared with device [1], in the proposed device, the pulse generator 42 can operate at higher frequencies with a pulse transformer 43 of smaller dimensions and weight. Compared with device [1], a capacitor 45 of smaller capacity can be installed at the output of rectifier 43, which reduces the turn-off time of relay element 46, reduces the turn-off time of the contactor and the electrical installation.

[0128] Compared to device [1], the proposed device achieves improved response speed for shutting down the actuator 29 and the electrical installation controlled by the device. This improves safety in hazardous production environments.

[0129] Compared with devices [3] and [4], in which transistors are used as measuring elements in the control circuits, due to the use of comparators in the control circuit, the proposed device ensures better control stability of the electrical installation controlled by the device when the supply voltage of the device changes and when the ambient temperature changes.

[0130] Compared with devices [1| - [4], by duplicating the functions of many elements of the proposed device, better reliability and stability of control of the electrical installation controlled by the device is achieved.

[0131] Sources of information

[0132] 1. Russian patent RU 2015597, IPC H02H 5 / 10 (2006.01), 1994.

[0133] 2. Russian patent SU 1829083 A1, IPC cl. H02J 13 / 00, H02H 5 / 10, 23.07.93. Bulletin No. 27.

[0134] 3. USSR Author's Certificate No. 1541711, class H02J 13 / 00, 1990 (prototype).

[0135] 4. Catalog of electrical equipment of the Russian Federation. Remote control unit type BDU.

Claims

1. A device for remote control of an electrical installation, comprising two inputs of an alternating voltage source, two inputs of a remote control post, a first diode and a second diode connected in series, the anode of the first diode connected to the circuit of the first input of the alternating voltage source, the anode of the second diode connected to the cathode of the first diode, a first capacitor, one of the terminals of which is connected to the cathode of the second diode, and the other - to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, a third diode, the anode of which is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode, a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series, the first resistor connected to the cathode of the third diode, and the second resistor - to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, a second capacitor, the first terminal of which is connected to the circuit connecting the first and second resistors, and the second terminal - to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, a control circuit,including a first wire and a second wire, the first terminal of the first wire is connected to the circuit of the first input of the AC voltage source, and the second terminal is connected to the first input of the remote control post, the first terminal of the second wire is connected to the second input of the remote control post, a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series, the third resistor is connected to the second terminal of the second wire, the fourth resistor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, a fifth resistor and a third capacitor connected in series, the fifth resistor is connected to the circuit connecting the third resistor and the fourth resistor or to the circuit connecting the third resistor with the second terminal of the second wire, and the third capacitor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor connected in series and connected in parallel to the third capacitor,the sixth resistor is connected to the connection circuit of the fifth resistor and the third capacitor, and the seventh resistor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the AC voltage source, a control circuit implemented on the first comparator and the second comparator, the outputs of the comparators are implemented on transistors with an open collector, the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator are connected to the connection circuit of the first resistor, the second resistor and the second capacitor, the inverting input of the first comparator and the non-inverting input of the second comparator are connected to the connection circuit of the sixth resistor and the seventh resistor, the eighth resistor and the fourth diode, the first terminal of the eighth resistor is connected to the connection circuit of the inverting input of the first comparator and the non-inverting input of the second comparator, the second terminal of the eighth resistor is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the output of the second comparator, the first transistor,the emitter of the first transistor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, the actuator, the first terminal of which is connected to the collector of the first transistor, and the second terminal is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, characterized in that a second transistor and series-connected ninth and tenth resistors are introduced, the ninth resistor and the emitter of the second transistor are connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, the base of the second transistor is connected to the circuit connecting the ninth and tenth resistors, the tenth resistor is connected to the output of the first comparator, series-connected eleventh and twelfth resistors, the eleventh resistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor, the output of the second comparator is connected to the circuit connecting the eleventh and twelfth resistors and the twelfth resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, and the resistors and capacitors are selected in such a way,that the resistance of the first resistor exceeds the resistance of the second resistor, the resistance of the fifth resistor exceeds the resistance of the fourth resistor, and the product of the resistance of the fifth resistor by the capacitance of the third capacitor and the product of the resistance of the second resistor by the capacitance of the second capacitor are equal to each other, and the voltage at the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator, relative to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, is set to be different from the voltage at the inverting input of the first comparator and the non-inverting input of the second comparator with such a resistance of the control circuit, which ensures switching of the control circuit from the mode of turning on the first transistor and the actuator to the mode of turning off and holding the first transistor and the actuator in the off state, and the resistance of the eighth resistor is set to such a value,in which the return of the control circuit from the off-state mode of the first transistor and the actuator is ensured to the on-and-hold mode of the first transistor and the actuator with the control circuit resistance equal to or less than the value permissible for the transition of the control circuit to the on-and-hold mode of the first transistor and the actuator, the total resistance of the sixth, seventh and eighth resistors exceeds the resistance of the fifth resistor, the total resistance of the seventh and eighth resistors exceeds the resistance of the sixth resistor.

2. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a third transistor and a thirteenth resistor are additionally introduced, the emitter of the third transistor is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, the thirteenth resistor is connected with one terminal to the output of the second comparator, and with the other - to the base of the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the series-connected fourteenth and fifteenth resistors, the fourteenth resistor and the emitter of the fourth transistor are connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, the fifteenth resistor is connected to the collector of the third transistor, the base of the fourth transistor is connected to the circuit connecting the fourteenth and fifteenth resistors and the second terminal of the actuator is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor.

3. A device according to any one of paragraphs 1 and 2, characterized in that a sixteenth resistor and a zener diode are additionally introduced in series, the sixteenth resistor is connected with one terminal to the circuit connecting the cathode of the second diode and the first capacitor, with the other terminal to the cathode of the zener diode, and the anode of the zener diode is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, and the ninth resistor and the emitter of the second transistor are connected to the circuit connecting the sixteenth resistor and the cathode of the zener diode, wherein the stabilization voltage of the zener diode should not exceed the permissible supply voltage of the comparators.

4. A device according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, characterized in that the actuator is made in the form of a voltage converter containing a high-frequency pulse generator, the plus power supply of which is connected to the circuit connecting the output of the second comparator and the eleventh resistor, and the minus power supply is connected to the circuit of the second input of the alternating voltage source, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the twelfth resistor, a pulse transformer, the first terminal of the primary winding of which is connected to the circuit connecting the first capacitor and the cathode of the second diode, and the second terminal is connected to the collector of the first transistor, a rectifier, the inputs of which are connected to the terminals of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer, and a fourth capacitor and a relay element connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier.

5. A device according to any one of paragraphs 1-4, characterized in that a seventeenth resistor is additionally introduced, connected between the cathode of the zener diode and the connection circuit of the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator, and the resistance of the seventeenth resistor must be much greater than the resistance of the second resistor.

6. A device according to any one of paragraphs 1-5, characterized in that a fifth diode is additionally introduced between the first and second diodes, the anode of which is connected to the cathode of the first diode, and the cathode to the anode of the second diode, and the anode of the third diode is connected to the circuit connecting the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the fifth diode.

7. A device according to any one of paragraphs 1-6, characterized in that an eighteenth resistor is additionally introduced, connected between the connection circuit of the first and second resistors and the connection circuit of the non-inverting input of the first comparator and the inverting input of the second comparator, wherein the resistance of the eighteenth resistor must be much less than the resistance of the seventeenth resistor.

8. A device according to any one of paragraphs 1-7, characterized in that additional device testing elements are introduced, including a sixth diode, a button with normally open contacts and an indicator, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected to the connection circuit of the third resistor and the first input of the second wire of the control circuit, the anode of the sixth diode is connected to the first contact of the button, the second contact of the button is connected to the connection circuit of the first input of the alternating voltage source and the first output of the first wire of the control circuit and the indicator is connected in parallel to the actuator of the device according to paragraphs 1-3 and 5-7 or in parallel to the relay element of the actuator of the device according to paragraph 4.

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