Formulation using amino acid and carboxylic acid, organic salt, and composition comprising same and use thereof

Abstract

Provided are a novel formulation using an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, said formulation being excellent in water retentivity, moisture absorbency, dissolution properties for a hardly soluble substance, antimicrobial properties, low skin irritation, biodegradability and gel-forming properties (thickening effect), an organic salt and a composition comprising the same. The formulation of the present invention comprises the following components (A) and (B). (A) An amino acid or a salt thereof. (B) A carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a formulation using an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, an organic salt thereof, and a composition comprising the same and a use thereof.BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Conventionally, formulations used in the fields of cosmetics or daily goods require physical safety and / or reduced environmental burden, and balancing of which with their functionality are being extensively discussed.

[0003] Further, a variety of antimicrobials has been used to date in various fields for preventing contamination or festering by microorganisms or for treating and / or preventing infection with microorganisms. Public health is becoming an increasingly important concern in recent years due to, for example, the outbreaks of new infectious diseases. In view of such historical background, there is a growing need of an agent for keeping the surfaces of human body or of an object to be in contact with the human body in a sanitary condition. Alcohol-based agents such as ethanol have normally been used for these purposes. Unfortunately, they have issues in that they are difficult to use for people who are constitutionally sensitive to alcohols and have poor long-term antimicrobial properties because they are highly volatile and do not remain on the surface. As an alternative, chlorine-based agents such as sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution or hypochlorous acid aqueous solution have been used. However, sodium hypochlorite is a strong alkaline for which an application of it to the human body is not recommended, and sodium hypochlorite releases chlorine gas when mixed with an acidic solution, which are examples of restrictions in use to which these agents are subjected. Moreover, hypochlorous acid solution has been problematic in that, for example, it is poor in long lasting antimicrobial property due to its problematic preservation stability, and that the active chlorine concentration is prone to be reduced when used. Thus, there is a need for an antimicrobial agent that is excellent in terms of safety, has low impact to the human body, and has low volatility and long-lasting efficacy.

[0004] Further, it is known that ingredients for imparting a water / moisture retention effect are added to a cosmetic for hair treatment and skin care, etc. However, these ingredients may sometimes cause a poor feeling of use such as a stickiness; desired are ingredients satisfying a water / moisture retention property and a feeling(s) of use.

[0005] Hair dries upon losing the moisture content therein due to, for example, a dry air, a shampoo with strong detergency, the heat of a dryer, natural drying after bathing, and damages from getting one's hair permed or colored. When the moisture content in the hair has reached an inadequate level due the drying of the hair, cuticle peeling will occur more easily; the cuticles are important tissues for imparting a gloss to the hair and keeping the hair healthy by covering the surface of the hair so as to prevent water from evaporating. As a result of cuticle peeling, the hair will dry and, for example, due to a loss in smoothness and a dryness of the hair, not only a poor flexibility and finger-combing capability of the hair will be observed, but the hair will be more likely to spread, and split ends and breakages will occur more easily. Therefore, water / moisture retention of the hair is essential in terms of avoiding problems owing to the drying of the hair and keeping the hair beautiful and healthy.

[0006] Conventionally, it is suggested that a multivalent alcohol(s) as a moisture-retaining ingredient be added to a hair treatment composition such as a shampoo (e.g., Patent documents 1 and 2). However, in the case of a conventional hair treatment composition, for example, there may not be achieved a satisfactory water / moisture retention property under a low-humidity environment such as an environment involving dryness after washing one's hair and an environment involving dryness during winter season, and the water / moisture retention property may not be able to be maintained for a long period of time due to a volatility of the composition; a novel hair treatment composition capable of compensating for these imperfections has been desired.

[0007] In Patent document 3, there are disclosed organic ammonium salts such as imidazolium salt, pyrrolidinium salt, piperidinium salt, pyridinium salt and phosphonium salt. While these types of organic ammonium salts have a property of retaining moisture, they have, for example, safety problems as well as a problem of not being able to exert a satisfactory water / moisture retention effect when used on the hair.

[0008] Although the applicant of the present invention has proposed an organic salt (ionic liquid) having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in a cation or an anion (Patent documents 4 and 5), there has not specifically been considered any water / moisture retention effect thereof using an amino acid-based compound(s) as well as an application thereof to the hair and for skin care purpose.

[0009] It is known that skin roughness is mainly caused by reduction in moisture of the skin. For example, skin dries due to, for example, a dryness in the air during the winter season, skin cleansing, aging and a reduction in skin secretion. If neglecting a dry condition of the skin, the resilience and / or glow of the skin will decrease, which will easily lead to a so-called rough condition of the skin. In order to avoid skin roughness, it is essential to maintain a normal skin function by preventing the reduction in moisture contained in the horny layer. In order to retain the moisture content in the horny layer, there are conventionally known various skin care agents for moisture retention purpose that are capable of imparting a proper amount of moisture to the skin.

[0010] Conventionally, it is suggested that a multivalent alcohol(s) as a moisture-retaining ingredient be added to a skin care agent (See, e.g., Patent document 1). However, in the case of a conventional skin care agent, for example, there may not be achieved a satisfactory water / moisture retention property under a low-humidity environment such as an environment involving dryness during winter season, and the water / moisture retention property may not be able to be maintained for a long period of time due to a volatility of the agent; a novel skin care agent capable of compensating for these imperfections has been desired.

[0011] In Patent document 3, there are disclosed organic ammonium salts such as imidazolium salt, pyrrolidinium salt, piperidinium salt, pyridinium salt and phosphonium salt. While these types of organic ammonium salts have a property of retaining moisture, they have, for example, safety problems as well as a problem of not being able to exert a satisfactory water / moisture retention effect when used for skin care purpose.

[0012] The applicant has proposed an organic ammonium salt (ionic liquid) that is liquid at room temperature having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in cations or anions (Patent documents 4 and 5).PRIOR ART DOCUMENTSPatent Documents

[0013] Patent document 1: JP-A-2014-131974

[0014] Patent document 2: JP-A-2014-131975

[0015] Patent document 3: JP-A-2019-023185

[0016] Patent document 4: WO2020 / 166674(A1)

[0017] Patent document 5: WO2020 / 166678(A1)SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONProblems to be Solved by the Invention

[0018] Nevertheless, a new compound that is suitable for the above-mentioned problems is highly desired. Moreover, no study has ever been made for a combination of an anion and an amine as a cation of an organic ammonium salt, particularly for a compound having a cationic structure of an amino acid, with the focuses on water retentivity, moisture absorbency, dissolution properties for a hardly soluble substance, antimicrobial properties, low dermal irritancy, biodegradability and gel-forming properties (thickening effect).

[0019] The present invention has been made in view of the aforementioned circumstances. A main object of the present invention is to provide a novel formulation using an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, said formulation being excellent in water retentivity, moisture absorbency, dissolution properties for a hardly soluble substance, antimicrobial properties, low skin irritation, biodegradability and gel-forming properties (thickening effect), an organic salt and a composition comprising the same. It is also an object of the invention to maintain the above-mentioned properties for a long period of time without having any volatility.Means to Solve the Problems

[0020] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provide a formulation comprising of the following components (A) and (B): (A) an amino acid or a salt thereof; and (B) a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

[0021] Further, the present invention provides an organic salt formed by a cation originated from the component (A); and an anion originated from anionic residues of the component (B), wherein the cation originated from the component (A) optionally contains a cationic residue of the component (B). The invention also provides the formulation containing the same.

[0022] The composition according to the present invention contains the above-mentioned formulation.

[0023] The formulation or composition may also be used for cosmetics to impart water retentivity, moisture absorbency and / or antimicrobial properties. The formulation or composition may also be used as a gel composition that contains a polymer compound and water.Effects of the Invention

[0024] The novel formulation using the amino acid and the carboxylic acid as well as the composition containing the same, according to the present invention, are excellent in water retentivity, moisture absorbency, dissolution properties for a hardly soluble substance, antimicrobial properties, low skin irritation, biodegradability and gel-forming properties (thickening effect). They have no volatility and are excellent in retaining the above-listed effects for a long time.MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention is described in detail hereunder.

[0026] The term “formulation” as used herein includes the one having components (A) and (B) being compounded before finally preparing the intended formulation. The term also encompasses a case in which a salt is formed by the components (A) and (B) as starting materials, and the salt is used as a formulation, and a case in which the aforementioned salt is mixed, as needed, with further components such as water to make a formulation. The formulation as used herein may be a mixture composed only of the components (A) and (B) (including a case in which the salts thereof are contained therein), or a composition further containing a component, such as water, other than the components (A) and (B) and their salts, or a composition serving as an additive to be added when manufacturing a product, or a composition for a product such as antibacterial / antivirus agents and cosmetics. The number of carbon atoms as used herein is an integer.

[0027] The component (A) according to the present invention is an amino acid or a salt thereof. In the present invention, the amino acid encompasses a compound having a carboxy group (—COOH), as an acidic group, and an amino group (primary amino group, secondary amino group, tertiary amino group), as a basic group, in the molecule. Typical preferable examples of such include, for example, a proteinogenic amino acid and a free amino acid in a living body.

[0028] An example of the amino acid salt includes a carboxylate salt in which at least one of the carboxy groups of the amino acid is substituted by a cation (such as an alkali metal cation, alkali earth metal cation or ammonium cation).

[0029] It is preferred that the component (A) be represented by the following formula (I):

[0030] [Chemical formula 1]R11N HmC(R2)2(R3COOX)  (I)

[0031] wherein R1 represents a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R3 represents a bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, 1 represents any one of 0 to 2, m represents any one of 0 to 2, and n represents 0 or 1. R1 and R2 may together form a ring having 3 to 22 carbon atoms. X represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation. In the formula (I), 1 is preferably 0 or 1, and m is preferably 1 or 2. The wording “R1 and R2 may together form a ring having 3 to 22 carbon atoms” as used herein refers to that R1 and R2 in combination form a ring of R1, R2 and C having nitrogen N in the ring in the unit of R11NHmCR2 with the total number of carbons being 3 to 22, preferably 4 to 10. The ring optionally contains not only 3 to 22 carbons that form the ring but also a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.[Organic Group]

[0032] The “organic group” as used herein essentially contains carbon atom(s) and optionally contains at least one further species selected from hydrogen atom and heteroatoms. Examples of the heteroatoms are not particularly limited but preferably include oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom, and halogen atom among which more preferred are oxygen atom, nitrogen atom and sulfur atom. Examples of atom group(s) contained in the organic group include, but are not limited to, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, and a substituent group as set forth in the section of “substituent group” to be hereinafter described. Examples of such also include a group in which the organic group or the substituent group, as set forth in the section of “substituent group” to be hereinafter described, or other group substitutes a hydrogen atom (s) in a hydrocarbon group, interrupts a hydrocarbon group, and / or is present at a base end(s) of a hydrocarbon group, as well as a group in which the substituent group, as set forth in the section of “substituent group” to be hereinafter described, or other group forms a condensed ring with an aromatic hydrocarbon group.[Hydrocarbon Group]

[0033] Examples of the hydrocarbon group as used herein include, but are not limited to, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a hydrocarbon group of any combination of the preceding. The group may be monovalent or multivalent depending on the context of the application, and examples of the saturated or unsaturated monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include, but are not limited to, a linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group, and alkynyl group. Examples of the alkyl group include linear or branched ones, and include, but are not particularly limited to, a methyl group, ethane-1-yl group, propane-1-yl group, 1-methyl ethane-1-yl group, butane-1-yl group, butane-2-yl group, 2-methyl propane-1-yl group, 2-methyl propane-2-yl group, pentane-1-yl group, pentane-2-yl group, hexane-1-yl group, heptane-1-yl group, octane-1-yl group, 2-ethyl hexane-1-yl group, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butane-1-yl group, nonane-1-yl group, decane-1-yl group, undecane-1-yl group, dodecane-1-yl group, tridecane-1-yl group, tetradecane-1-yl group, pentadecane-1-yl group, hexadecane-1-yl group, 2-hexyl decane-1-yl group, heptadecane-1-yl group, octadecane-1-yl group, nonadecane-1-yl group, icosane-1-yl group, henicosane-1-yl group, docosane-1-yl group, and 4,8,12-trimethyl tridecane-1-yl group. Examples of the alkenyl group include linear or branched ones, and include, but are not particularly limited to, a vinyl group, prop-1-en-1-yl group, allyl group, isopropenyl group, but-1-en-1-yl group, but-2-en-1-yl group, but-3-en-1-yl group, 2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl group, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl group, pent-1-en-1-yl group,pent-2-en-1-yl group, pent-3-en-1-yl group, pent-4-en-1-yl group, 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group, 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl group, hex-1-en-1-yl group, hex-2-en-1-yl group, hex-3-en-1-yl group,hex-4-en-1-yl group, hex-5-en-1-yl group, 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group, hept-1-en-1-yl group, hept-6-en-1-yl group, oct-1-en-1-yl group, oct-7-en-1-yl group, non-1-en-1-yl group, non-8-en-1-yl group, dec-1-en-1-yl group, dec-9-en-1-yl group, undec-1-en-1-yl group, undec-10-en-1-yl group, dodec-1-en-1-yl group, dodec-11-en-1-yl group, tridec-1-en-1-yl group, tridec-12-en-1-yl group, tetradec-1-en-1-yl group, tetradec-13-en-1-yl group, pentadec-1-en-1-yl group, pentadec-14-en-1-yl group, hexadec-1-en-1-yl group, hexadec-15-en-1-yl group, heptadec-1-en-1-yl group, heptadec-16-en-1-yl group, octadec-1-en-1-yl group, octadec-9-en-1-yl group, octadec-17-en-1-yl group, nonadec-1-en-1-yl group, icos-1-en-1-yl group, henicos-1-en-1-yl group, and docos-1-en-1-yl group. Examples of the alkynyl group include linear or branched ones, and include, but are not particularly limited to, an ethynyl, prop-1-yn-1-yl group, prop-2-yn-1-yl group, but-1-yn-1-yl group, but-3-yn-1-yl group, 1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl group, pent-1-yn-1-yl group, pent-4-yn-1-yl group, hex-1-yn-1-yl group, hex-5-yn-1-yl group, hept-1-yn-1-yl group, hept-6-yn-1-yl group, oct-1-yn-1-yl group, oct-7-yn-1-yl group, non-1-yn-1-yl group, non-8-yn-1-yl group, dec-1-yn-1-yl group, dec-9-yn-1-yl group, undec-1-yn-1-yl group, undec-10-yn-1-yl group, dodec-1-yn-1-yl group, dodec-ii-yn-1-yl group, tridec-1-yn-1-yl group, tridec-12-yn-1-yl group, tetradec-1-yn-1-yl group, tetradec-13-yn-1-yl group, pentadec-1-yn-1-yl group, pentadec-14-yn-1-yl group, hexadec-1-yn-1-yl group, hexadec-15-yn-1-yl group, heptadec-1-yn-1-yl group, heptadec-16-yn-1-yl group, octadec-1-yn-1-yl group, octadec-17-yn-1-yl group, nonadec-1-yn-1-yl group, icos-1-yn-1-yl group, henicos-1-yn-1-yl group, and a docos-1-yn-1-yl group.

[0034] The saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and examples of which include, but are not particularly limited to, as monovalent groups, a cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group, as well as groups containing alicyclic residues of those or other residues.

[0035] Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include, but are not particularly limited to, a phenyl group, naphthalene group, an anthracene group, as well as groups containing aromatic ring residues of those or other residues. The group may form a condensed ring together with the substituent groups as set forth in [Substituent Group] to be described below. Examples of the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group include, but are not particularly limited to, a phenyl group, 2-methylphenyl group, 3-methylphenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, 2,4-dimethylphenyl group, 2,5-dimethylphenyl group, 3,4-dimethylphenyl group, 3,5-dimethylphenyl group, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl group, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group, 4-ethylphenyl group, 4-propylphenyl group, 4-isopropylphenyl group, 4-butylphenyl group, 4-tert-butylphenyl group, benzyl group, α,α-dimethylbenzyl group, 4-pentylphenyl group, 4-tert-pentylphenyl group, 2,4-bis(4-tert-pentyl)phenyl group, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylphenyl group, 2-methyl-5-tert-butylphenyl group, 4-pentylphenyl group, 4-hexylphenyl group, 4-heptylphenyl group, 4-octylphenyl group, 4-nonylphenyl group, 4-decanylphenyl group, 4-undecylphenyl group, 4-dodecylphenyl group, 4-tridecylphenyl group, 4-tetradecylphenyl group, 4-pentadecylphenyl group, 4-hexadecylphenyl group, 4-heptadecylphenyl group, 4-octadecylphenyl group,4-biphenyl group, 2-methoxyphenyl group, 3-methoxyphenyl group, 4-methoxyphenyl group, 2-ethoxyphenyl group, 3-ethoxyphenyl group, 4-ethoxyphenyl group, 2-chlorophenyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl group, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl group, 4-hydroxyphenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthracenyl group, 2-anthracenyl group and 9-anthracenyl group.

[0036] Examples of the bivalent aromatic group include groups having a structure established by subtracting one hydrogen atom from the aforementioned groups.[Substituent Group]

[0037] Examples of the above-mentioned substituent group include, but are particularly limited to, a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, and a halogen. The substituent group also includes a group to which these substituent groups are connected. Examples of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group include those listed in [Substituent Group] as mentioned above.

[0038] Although not particularly limited, examples of the oxygen-containing group include a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, an acetyl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxy group, a carboxylate group, a urea group, a urethane group, an amide group, an imide group, an ether group, a carbonyl group, an ester group, an oxazole group, a morpholin group, a carbamate group, a carbamoyl group, a polyoxyethylene group, a tocopheryl group, a chroman group, a dihydropyran group, a glyceryl group, and a glyceryl ether group.

[0039] Examples of the nitrogen-containing group include, but are not particularly limited to, a cyano group, a cyanato group, an isocyanate group, a nitro group, a nitroalkyl group, an amide group, a urea group, a urethane group, an imide group, a carbodiimide group, an azo group, a pyridine group, a guanidino group, an imidazolyl group, an indolyl group, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium group, and an aminoalkyl group.

[0040] Examples of the sulfur-containing group include, but are not particularly limited to, a sulfate group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfonate group, a mercapto group, a thioether group, a thiocarbonyl group, a thiourea group, a thiocarboxy group, a thiocarboxylate group, a dithiocarboxy group, a dithiocarboxylate group, a sulfuric ester, a thiophene group, a thiazole group, a thiol group, a sulfo group, a sulfide group, a disulfide group, a thioester group, a thioamide group, a thiocarbamate group, and a dithiocarbamate group, and esters thereof.

[0041] Examples of the phosphorus-containing group include, but are not particularly limited to, a phosphate group, a phosphorous acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphinic acid group, a phosphonous acid group, a phosphinous acid group, a pyrophosphate group, a phosphate group, a phosphorous acid ester group, a phosphonic acid ester group, a pyrophosphate group and esters thereof. Examples of the halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0042] Examples of the organic group for R1 or R2 in the formula (I) include hydrocarbon groups which optionally contain a substituent group(s), and the hydrocarbon moiety thereof may contain an oxygen atom(s). Regarding such hydrocarbon group, the list as described in [Substituent Group] shown above may be referred to. The hydrocarbon group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, among which a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (such as an alkyl group) is more preferred. Such alkyl group may be, for example, a linear or branched group having 1 to 22, 1 to 10, or 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0043] The aforementioned hydrocarbon groups may contain a substituent group(s), and examples of such substituent groups include, but are not particularly limited to, those listed in the [Substituent Group] as mentioned above. Among the substituent groups, preferred are those having an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, and a sulfur-containing group, among which a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a carboxylate group, an ester group, an ether group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an amide group, a guanidino group a imidazolyl group an indolyl group a mercapto group and a thioether group are preferred.

[0044] The aforementioned hydrocarbon moiety may contain an oxygen atom(s), and in which case such hydrocarbon moiety contains the aforementioned oxygen-containing group, and forms or contains, for example, an ether bond, a carbonyl group, a hydroxy group, a carboxylate group, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond or a urethane bond. Therefore, in this invention, the wording “hydrocarbon moiety contains an oxygen atom(s)” as used herein encompasses a case where the hydrocarbon moiety is interrupted by, or the hydrogen atom(s) thereof are substituted by a group, serving as an oxygen atom-containing atom group, that even may contain a hetero atom(s) such as a nitrogen atom, or a case where the group is contained therein is present at its base end.

[0045] The aforementioned hydrocarbon groups may have a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s), and examples of the hydrogen-bonding functional group include, but not particularly be limited to, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, and a hydrogen atom directly bonded to nitrogen which are all as listed in the above.

[0046] Examples of the organic group for R3 in the formula (I) include hydrocarbon groups which optionally contain a substituent group(s), and the hydrocarbon moiety thereof may contain an oxygen atom(s). Examples of the hydrocarbon group include the contents as referred to and set forth in the section of [Substituent Group] which are bivalent groups having a structure established by subtracting one hydrogen atom from the aforementioned hydrocarbon groups. The hydrocarbon group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, among which a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (such as an alkylene group) is more preferred. Such alkylene group may be, for example, a linear or branched group having 1 to 22, 1 to 10 or 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0047] The aforementioned hydrocarbon groups may contain a substituent group(s), and examples of such substituent group include, but are not particularly limited to, those listed in the [Substituent Group] as mentioned above.

[0048] The component (A) in (I) is preferably an amino acid wherein X is a hydrogen atom.

[0049] The amino acid includes a compound having, in one molecule, at least one amino group (primary, secondary, and / or tertiary amino group(s)) and at least one carboxy group (—COO—). The amido group is not included in the amino group.

[0050] Preferable embodiments of the amino acids in terms of isoelectric point and the ratio between the number of amino groups and the number of carboxy groups include the following (heteafter referred to as amino acids (a) through (f)).Amino acid (a):

[0051] A ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups in the component (A) is greater than 1.

[0052] Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, arginine, histidine, lysine and tryptophan.Amino acid (b):

[0053] A ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups in the component (A) is 1.

[0054] Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, valine, serine, alanine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, aminobutyric acid, cysteine, glycine and methionine.Amino acid (c):

[0055] A ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups in the component (A) is less than 1.

[0056] Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, glutamic acid and aspartic acid.Amino acid (d):

[0057] The component (A) has an isoelectric point of greater than 7.

[0058] Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, those categorized as basic amino acids such as arginine (10.76), histidine (7.59), lysine (9.75) and aminobutyric acid (7.85). The numerals in the parenthesis indicate isoelectric points of the respective amino acids.Amino acid (e):

[0059] The component (A) has an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less.

[0060] Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, those categorized as neutral amino acids such as leucine (5.98), isoleucine (6.02), phenylalanine (5.48), proline (6.30), valine (5.96), tryptophan (5.89), serine (5.68), alanine (6.00), threonine (6.16), glutamine (5.65), asparagine (5.41), cysteine (5.07), glycine (5.97), methionine (5.74) and tyrosine (5.66). The numerals in the parenthesis indicate isoelectric points of the respective amino acids.Amino acid (f):

[0061] The component (A) has an isoelectric point of less than 4.

[0062] Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, those categorized as acidic amino acids such as glutamic acid (3.22) and aspartic acid (2.77). The numerals in the parenthesis indicate isoelectric points of the respective amino acids. Examples of preferable combinations of R1, R2 and R3 in the formula (I) are as follows.

[0063] In the formula (I), R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R2 is a hydrocarbon group that may contain an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and / or a sulfur atom, and R3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, arginine, histidine, lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, valine, tryptophan, serine, isoleucine, alanine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, aminobutyric acid, cysteine, glycine and methionine.

[0064] In the formula (I), I is 0, m is 2, n is 0, and R2 is a primary amino group or a hydrocarbon group having at least two nitrogen atoms. Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, arginine, histidine and lysine.

[0065] In the formula (I), R1 and R2 are each a hydrocarbon group where at least one of them contains a carboxy group. Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, glutamic acid and aspartic acid.

[0066] In the formula (I), R1 and R2 are each a hydrocarbon group where at least one of them contains any one of a hydroxy group, an amide group, a secondary amino group and a sulfur-containing group, or R1 and R2 together form a ring. Examples of such amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, valine, tryptophan, serine, isoleucine, alanine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, aminobutyric acid, cysteine, glycine and methionine.

[0067] Examples of the amino acids include, but are not particularly limited to, those categorized as amino acids having isoelectric points of more than 7, those categorized as amino acids having isoelectric points of 4 or more and 7 or less, and amino acids having isoelectric points of less than 4.

[0068] Examples of the amino acids having isoelectric points of 4 or more and 7 or less include, but are not particularly limited to, an amino acid having an alkyl-chain in R2, an amino acid having a hydroxy group in R2, an amino acid having sulfur in R2, an amino acid having an amide group in R2, an amino acid having an imino group in R2, an amino acid having an aromatic group in R2, and β-, γ-, δ-, and ε-amino acids.

[0069] Examples of the amino acid having an alkyl-chain in R2 include, but are not particularly limited to, amino acids where R2 is an hydrogen atom or a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples thereof include, for example, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and sarcosine.

[0070] The amino acid having a hydroxy group in R2 may be an amino acid where R2 is a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms and having 1 to 3, preferably one, hydroxy group(s). In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The case where I is 0 is more preferred. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples thereof include, for example, serine and threonine.

[0071] Examples of the amino acid having sulfur in R2 include an amino acid where R2 is represented by the following formula:(—R21—)a1(—S—)a2R22  [Chemical formula 2]

[0072] (In the formula, R21 represents a methylene group and R22 represents a methyl group or —CH2CH(NH2)(COOH). a1 indicates any of 1 to 5, preferably of 1 to 3, and a2 indicates any of 1 to 4, preferably of 1 or 2. The a1 sets of S and a2 sets of R22 may be in any order.)

[0073] In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The case where I is 0 is more preferred. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples thereof include, for example, cysteine, methionine and cystathionine.

[0074] Examples of the amino acid having an amide group in R2 include an amino acid where R2 is represented by the following formula:—R23—C(═O)N H2  [Chemical formula 3](In the formula, R23 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms.)In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having a secondary amino group and 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The case where I is 0 is more preferred. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples thereof include, for example, asparagine, glutamine and citrulline.

[0076] Examples of the amino acid having an imino group in R2 include a compound where N and R1 together form a hetero ring. R1 represents an alkylene group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms and optionally having a hydroxy group, and forms a pyrrolidine ring or a piperidine ring. It is preferred that R1 form a pyrrolidine ring. In this case, 1 is preferably 0. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples thereof include, for example, proline and hydroxyproline. Examples of the amino acid having an aromatic group in R2 include an amino acid where R2 is represented by the following formula:—R24—R25  [Chemical formula 4]

[0077] (In the formula, R24 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms and R25 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituted group, or a hetero ring group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.) R25 preferably represents a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group or an indole group.

[0078] In this case, 1 is preferably 0, or it is preferred that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a group having 1 to 3 carbon atom(s) and a secondary amino group. The case where I is 0 is more preferred. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples of such include, for example, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, 1-methyl histidine, 3-methyl histidine, anserine, and carnosine.

[0079] Examples of the β, γ, δ, or ε-amino acid include an amino acid where R3 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is more preferred that 1 be 0. It is also preferred that n be 1. Specific examples of such include, for example, β-alanine, β-aminoisobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and ε-aminocaproic acid.

[0080] Examples of the amino acid having an isoelectric point of less than 4 include an amino acid where R2 is represented by the following formula:—R26COOH  [Chemical formula 5]

[0081] (In the formula, R26 represents a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.)

[0082] In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is more preferred that 1 be 0. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples of such include, for example, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and α-aminoadipic acid.

[0083] Examples of the amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 include an amino acid where R2 is represented by the following formula:—R27—R28  [Chemical formula 6]

[0084] (In the formula, R27 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which optionally has a hydroxy group, and R28 represents —NH2, —NHC(═NH)(NH2), or an imidazolyl group.)

[0085] In this case, it is preferred that 1 be 0, or that 1 be 1 and R1 be a liners or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is more preferred that 1 be 0. It is also preferred that n be 0. Specific examples of such include, for example, arginine, lysine, histidine, 5-hydroxylysine and omithine.

[0086] According to the present invention, the component (B) is a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. It is preferred that the component (B) be a carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid is an organic acid having at least one carboxy group (—COO—) in the molecule, and optionally contains, for example, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a hydrocarbon group, among which a carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon group is preferred. Examples of the carboxylic acid having a hydrocarbon group include, but are not particularly limited to, those having a carboxy group and a hydrocarbon group of, for example, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group or the combination of the preceding, and the specific examples include, for example, a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic carboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, a saturated aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, an unsaturated aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydroxycarboxylic acid, an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, a carbonyl carboxylic acid, an alkyl ether carboxylic acid and a halogen carboxylic acid. Note that the number of carbon atoms as used hereunder include the number of carbons in carboxy group(s).

[0087] The saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and at least one carboxy group, and preferabley has 1 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of the saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid include, for example, a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having one carboxy group and a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having two carboxy groups. The saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and one carboxy group, and preferably has 1 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly, preferred are a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid selected from HCOOH and CH3(CH2)pCOOH (p is an integer of 0 to 8) and a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having a branched-chain. Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosylic acid, behenic acid, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, isovaleric acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isononanoic acid, isopalmitic acid and isostearic acid. The saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and two carboxy groups, and preferably has 2 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly, a saturated dicarboxylic acid represented by HOOC(CH2)xCOOH (x is an integer of 0 to 4) is preferred. Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and glutamic acid.

[0088] The unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and at least one carboxy group, and preferably has 3 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of the unsaturated aliphatic carboxyli c acid include, for example, an unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having on e carboxy group and an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having two carboxy groups. The unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and one carboxy group, and preferably has 1 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly, preferred is an unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid represented by R1CH═CH(CH2)rCOOH (R1 represents a hydrogen atom or CH3(CH2)q—(q is an integer of 0 to 7) and r represents an integer of 0 to 4). Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for ex ample, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, and arachidonic acid. The unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and two carboxy groups, and preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, maleic acid and fumaric acid.

[0089] The saturated or unsaturated alicyclic carboxylic acid is comprised of a non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated carbon ring and at least one carboxy group, and preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Particularly, a saturated alicyclic carboxylic acid having a cyclohexane ring skeleton is preferred. Examples of the saturated or unsaturated alicyclic carboxylic acid include a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic monocarboxylic acid having one carboxy group and a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic dicarboxylic acid having two carboxy groups. Although not particularly limited, specific examples of the saturated or unsaturated alicyclic monocarboxylic acid include, for example, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Although not particularly limited, specific examples of the saturated or unsaturated alicyclic dicarboxylic acid include, for example, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.

[0090] The aromatic carboxylic acid is comprised of one or multiple aromatic rings and at least one carboxylic acid, and preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Particularly, an aromatic carboxylic acid having a benzene ring skeleton is preferred. Examples of the aromatic carboxylic acid include an aromatic monocarboxylic acid having one carboxy group and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid having two carboxy groups. Although not particularly limited, specific examples of the aromatic monocarboxylic acid include, for example, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. Although not particularly limited, examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include, for example, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.

[0091] The saturated aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or b ranched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, at least one carboxy group and at least one hydroxy group, and preferably has 2 to 24 carbon atoms. Particularly, a saturated aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having 1 to 5 hydroxy groups and 2 to 7 carbon atoms is preferred. Examples of the saturated aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid include a saturated aliphatic hydroxy monocarboxylic acid having one carboxy group and a saturated aliphatic hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid having two or three carboxy groups. The saturated aliphatic hydroxy monocarboxylic acid has preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms. It is preferred that the number of hydroxy groups be 1 to 5. Particularly, a saturated aliphatic hydroxy monocarboxylic acid represented by (R2)3C(C(R3)2)sCOOH is preferred (s represents an integer of 1 to 4, and the three R2's and the 2×s R3's each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group. The total number of hydroxy groups is 1 to 5). Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glyceric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxydecanoic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, dihydroxystearic acid, cerebronic acid, leucine acid, mevalonic acid, pantoic acid, gluconic acid, galactonic acid, mannonic acid, arabinonic acid, fructuronic acid, tagathuronic acid, and aldonic acid. It is preferred that the saturated aliphatic hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid has 4 to 22 carbon atoms. It is preferred that the number of hydroxy groups be 1 to 3. Particularly, a saturated hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid represented by HOOCC(R4R5)C(R6R7)C(R1R9)COO— is preferred (R4 to R9 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group or a carboxy group, the total number of hydroxy groups is 1 to 2, and the total number of carboxy groups is 2 to 1.) Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, tartronic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citramalic acid, citric acid and isocitric acid

[0092] The unsaturated aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid is comprised of a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, at least one carboxy group and at least one hydroxy group, and preferably has 3 to 22 carbon atoms. Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include ricinolic acid, ricinoleic acid, and ricineraidic acid.

[0093] The aforementioned saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydroxycarboxylic acid is comprised of a non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated carbon ring, at least one carboxy group and at least one hydroxy group, and preferably has 4 to 20 carbon at oms. Particularly, an alicyclic hydroxycarboxylic acid having a six-membered ring skeleton and 1 to 4 hydroxy groups is preferred. Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid, dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid, quinic acid (1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid), shikimic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, mannuronic acid, id uronic acid and guluronic acid. Further, hydroxy group-containing cyclic lactones may also be preferably used; although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid.

[0094] The aforementioned aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid is comprised of one or multiple aromatic rings, at least one carboxy group and at least one hydroxy group, and preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Particularly, an aromatic carboxylic acid having a benzene ring skeleton and 1 to 3 hydroxy groups is preferred; Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, salicylic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, trihydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxymethylbenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, orsellinic acid, mandelic acid, benzylic acid, atrolactic acid, phloretic acid, coumaric acid, umbellic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid.

[0095] The carbonyl carboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid having a carbonyl group (s) in a molecule and having 3 to 22 carbon atoms; preferred is a carbonyl carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carbonyl groups and 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Particularly, preferred is a carbonyl carboxylic acid represented by CH3((CH2)pCO(CH2)q)COO−(p and q each represent an integer of 0 to 2). Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, pyruvic acid.

[0096] The alkyl ether carboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid having an ether group (s) in a molecule, and having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, including a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether carboxylic acid; preferred is an alkyl carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 ether groups and 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly, preferred is an alkyl ether carboxylic acid or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acid represented by CH3(CH2)rO (CH2)sCOO— (r and s each represents an integer of 0 to 4). Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, methoxyacetic acid, ethoxyacetic acid, methoxybutyric acid and ethoxybutyric acid.

[0097] The halogen carboxylic acid is preferably a halogen carboxylic acid having 2 to 22 carbon atoms. Although not particularly limited, specific examples thereof include, for example, halogen-substituted halogen carboxylic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, tribromoacetic acid, pentafluoropropionic acid, pentachloropropionic acid, pentabromopropionic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perchlorononanoic acid and perbromononanoic acid.

[0098] Among the above-mentioned carboxylic acids, preferred are a linear or branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a saturated hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, a hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acid, and a hydroxy group-containing cyclic lactone, among which a linear or branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, a linear or branched unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a saturated hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, and a hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acid are more preferred.

[0099] In a preferable embodiment, the component (B) is a carboxylic acid having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in the hydrocarbon moiety. That is, it is preferred that the carboxylic acid contain not only one carboxy group(˜COOH) but also a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s). Although not particularly limited, examples of the hydrogen-bonding functional group include, for example, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, and a phosphorus-containing group as listed in the above. Among them, in terms of exhibiting the advantages of the formulation or composition according to the present invention, it preferably contains an oxygen-containing group, particularly preferably a hydroxy group or a carboxy group. It is preferred that the hydrogen-bonding functional group be a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group. It is preferred that the hydrogen-bonding functional group be a hydroxy group. It is preferred that both of the hydroxy and carboxy groups are contained therein as hydrogen-bonding functional groups.

[0100] In a preferable embodiment, the component (B) is an unsaturated or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0101] In a preferable embodiment, the formulation according to the present invention contains an organic salt of the components (A) and (B). It is preferred that the formulation contain a cation originated from the component (A); and an anion originated from anionic residues of the component (B), wherein the cation originated from the component (A) optionally contains a cationic residue of the component (B).

[0102] The residues in the component (B) as used herein refer to atoms or atomic groups without a charge, and those having charges and of cations are referred to as cationic residues while those of anions are referred to as anionic residues.

[0103] In the present invention, the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof of the component (B) has cationic and anionic residues. The cationic residues are hydrogen atoms, or groups (atom groups) that are bonded to nitrogen atom of the component (A) to be hydrogen-bonding functional groups or organic groups. It is preferred that the acid of the component (B) be a compound composed of a hydrogen atom(s), serving as a proton, and an anionic residue(s).

[0104] The organic salt according to the present invention may be formed from an amino acid and a carboxylic acid and represented by the following formula (II):

[0105] [Chemical formula 7][R11N+HmC(R2)2(R3nCOOX)]R4COO−  (1 I)

[0106] (In the formula, R1 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R3 represents a bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, 1 represents 0 to 3, m represents 0 to 3, and n represents 0 or 1, R1 and R2 together and optionally form a ring of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and X represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation.) It is preferred in the formula (II) that 1 be 0 or 1 and m be 2 or 3.

[0107] As for the amino and carboxylic acids forming the organic salt of the formula (II), those already listed above may be referred to. For specific details and preferred examples, all the above descriptions of components (A), (B) and formula (I) are referenced and cited as explanations of formula (II). In addition to that, preferred embodiments of the organic salts of formula (II) are listed below. It is preferred that X be a hydrogen atom. In a preferable embodiment, a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups in the amino acid (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) is greater than 1. In another preferable embodiment, a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups in the amino acid (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) is 1. In another preferable embodiment, a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups in the amino acid (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) is less than 1. In a preferable embodiment, the amino acid has an isoelectric point of greater than 7. In another preferable embodiment, the amino acid has an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less. In another preferable embodiment, the amino acid has an isoelectric point of less than 4. In a preferable embodiment, R4 in formula (II) is a hydrocarbon group having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s). In this case, it is preferred that R4 in formula (II) be a hydrocarbon group having a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group. Alternatively, it is preferred that R4 in formula (II) be a hydrocarbon group having a hydroxy group. Alternatively, it is preferred that R4 in formula (II) be a hydrocarbon group having both of the hydroxy and carboxy groups. In another preferable embodiment, R4 in formula (II) is an unsaturated or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms.

[0108] The formulations of the invention may be prepared, for example, by the methods as explained below although the methods shall not particularly be limited. An amino acid and a carboxylic acid are mixed and stirred in water. Although the preparation temperature and time depend on, for example, the type of raw materials, it can be done at room temperature for about 1 hour to 1 day. The water is then distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an intended formulation.

[0109] The formulation according to the present invention may exhibit advantages that are innate to the component (A) and / or (B). For example, although not limited to the followings, skin moisturizing and hair repairing effects can be obtained when arginine or histidine is used as the component (A); stratum corneum transparency retaining effect can be obtained when lysine is used as the component (A); improvement in skin barrier functionality and epidermal cell growth can be obtained when γ-aminobutyric acid is used as the component (A); melanin production suppressing effect can be obtained when cysteine is used as the component (A); and melanin production suppressing effect can also be obtained when linolenic acid is used as the component (B).

[0110] As for the formulation of the present invention, it may be provided that the mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) is in an anhydrous state (anhydride) or a hydrate that has absorbed the water in the air. A hydrate refers to a compound whose moisture rate has reached a saturated state after being left in the air at 25° C. and absorbing the water therein. A compound that does not absorb water after having being left in the air at 25° C. is not a hydrate but an anhydride.

[0111] As for the formulation of the present invention, the mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) may be either a liquid or a solid at 25° C. in an anhydrous or hydrous state. Nevertheless, for example, when a liquid having the formulation of the present invention is sprayed or applied onto the application site and then the solvent is evaporated, the formulation remains in liquid state, which allows the formulation to exsert its functionality in an extensive area without causing any usage problems such as crystal precipitation, solidification and agglomeration. Further, if the formulation is liquid at 25° C., it may be used as a solvent or a base when the formulation is used in combination with another additive. In view of these respects, it is preferred that an anhydride and / or hydrate of the mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) be in a liquid state at 25° C. It is more preferred that the anhydride or hydrate thereof be liquid at 25° C.

[0112] In order to allow the mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) to be liquid at 25° C., preferable examples of the combination of components (A) and (B) include a combination in which the component (A) is an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a saturated hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid.

[0113] Preferable examples of the combination of the components (A) and (B), in terms of allowing the mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) to be liquid at 25° C. are listed in the followings:

[0114] A) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which the component (A) is an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, preferably having a multiple of hydroxy groups, which is more preferably gluconic acid.

[0115] B) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which the component (A) is an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid, preferably having at least three hydroxy groups, which is more preferably citric acid.

[0116] C) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0117] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably a nitrogen-containing group, even more preferably having a primary amino group, which is particularly more preferably L-lysine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0118] the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, preferably having a multiple of hydroxy groups, which is more preferably gluconic acid.

[0119] D) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0120] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably a nitrogen-containing group, even more preferably having a guanidino group, which is particularly more preferably L-arginine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0121] the component (B) is a branched aliphatic carboxylic acid.

[0122] E) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0123] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably a nitrogen-containing group, even more preferably having a guanidino group, which is particularly more preferably L-arginine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0124] the component (B) is an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid.

[0125] F) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0126] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably a nitrogen-containing group, even more preferably having a guanidino group, which is particularly more preferably L-arginine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0127] the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid or a saturated hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid.

[0128] G) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0129] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably a nitrogen-containing group, even more preferably having an imidazolyl group, which is particularly preferably L-histidine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0130] the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid.

[0131] H) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0132] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R3 has an organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms, which is particularly preferably γ-aminobutyric acid, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 1; and

[0133] the component (B) is an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid.

[0134] I) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0135] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R3 has an organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms, which is particularly preferably γ-aminobutyric acid, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 1; and

[0136] the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid.

[0137] J) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0138] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably an oxygen-containing group, still more preferably having a hydroxy group, and even more preferably having a hydroxy group at a terminal end of the hydrocarbon group, which is most preferably L-serine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0139] the component (B) is preferably a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, more preferably having at least two hydroxy groups, which is still more preferably gluconic acid.

[0140] K) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0141] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R2 has an organic group, preferably having a substitute group, which is more preferably an oxygen-containing group, still more preferably having a hydroxy group, even more preferably having a hydroxy group at a terminal end of the hydrocarbon group, which is most preferably L-serine, and 1 is 0, m is 2, and n is 0; and

[0142] the component (B) is preferably a saturated hydroxy di- or tri-carboxylic acid, preferably having one hydroxy group and at least two hydroxy groups, and is still more preferably malic acid or citric acid.

[0143] L) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0144] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups, preferably forming a ring, and is more preferably L-proline, and 1 is 1, m is 1 and n is 0; and

[0145] the component (B) is a branched aliphatic carboxylic acid.

[0146] M) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0147] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups, preferably forming a ring, and is more preferably L-proline, and 1 is 1, m is 1 and n is 0; and

[0148] the component (B) is an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid.

[0149] N) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0150] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups, preferably forming a ring, and is more preferably L-proline, and 1 is 1, m is 1 and n is 0; and

[0151] the component (B) is a saturated hydroxy monocarboxylic acid.

[0152] O) Combination of the components (A) and (B) in which

[0153] the component (A) is an amino acid of formula (I) where R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups, preferably forming a ring, and is more preferably L-proline, and 1 is 1, m is 1 and n is 0; and

[0154] the component (B) is preferably a saturated hydroxy di- or tri-carboxylic acid, preferably having one hydroxy group and at least two carboxy groups, and is still more preferably malic acid or citric acid.

[0155] Specifically, in order to allow the mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) to be liquid at 25° C., preferable examples of the combination and molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) include the followings:

[0156] 1) Molar ratio of components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is lysine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0157] 2) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is lysine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0158] 3) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is lysine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0159] 4) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 3:2, where the component (A) is lysine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0160] 5) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is isostearic acid.

[0161] 6) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is isostearic acid.

[0162] 7) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is oleic acid.

[0163] 8) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is oleic acid.

[0164] 9) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is linoleic acid.

[0165] 10) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is linoleic acid.

[0166] 11) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0167] 12) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0168] 13) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is lactic acid.

[0169] 14) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is lactic acid.

[0170] 15) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is malic acid.

[0171] 16) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is malic acid.

[0172] 17) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0173] 18) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 3:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0174] 19) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is tartaric acid.

[0175] 20) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is tartaric acid.

[0176] 21) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is arginine and the component (B) is benzoic acid.

[0177] 22) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is histidine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0178] 23) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is histidine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0179] 24) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:2, where the component (A) is histidine and the component (B) is lactic acid.

[0180] 25) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is histidine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0181] 26) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 3:2, where the component (A) is histidine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0182] 27) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is glycine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0183] 28) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is γ-aminobutyric acid and the component (B) is oleic acid.

[0184] 29) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is γ-aminobutyric acid and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0185] 30) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is γ-aminobutyric acid and the component (B) is lactic acid.

[0186] 31) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is γ-aminobutyric acid and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0187] 32) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is serine and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0188] 33) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is serine and the component (B) is malic acid.

[0189] 34) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is serine and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0190] 35) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is isostearic acid.

[0191] 36) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is oleic acid.

[0192] 37) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is linoleic acid.

[0193] 38) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is gluconic acid.

[0194] 39) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is lactic acid.

[0195] 40) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is malic acid.

[0196] 41) Molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 1:1, where the component (A) is proline and the component (B) is citric acid.

[0197] The formulation according to the present invention contains the components (A) and (B) wherein the amino acid of the component (A) has a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s)(a carboxy group, a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen atom), which allows it to improve the affinity to water and make it excellent in water retentivity and moisture absorbency.

[0198] In terms of water retentivity, it is preferred that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) be a carboxylic acid having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in the hydrocarbon moiety. It is more preferred that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) be a hydroxycarboxylic acid. It is even more preferred that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) be a hydroxy tricarboxylic acid. Among them, it is particularly preferable for the combinations of the components (A) and (B) to be the above-listed combinations of 3, 4, 17, 18, 25 to 27, 31, 34 and 41.

[0199] In terms of moisture absorbency, it is preferred that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 and the component (B) be an unsaturated carboxylic acid. It is more preferred that the component (A) be L-arginine and the component (B) be oleic acid. Among them, it is even more preferred that the combinations of the components (A) and (B) be the combinations of 7 and 8 in the above-mentioned list.

[0200] As for the formulation according to the present invention, the components (A) and (B) are respectively an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, which therefore makes it excellent in solubility of a hardly soluble substance. The formulation therefore allows a hardly soluble substance to be compounded at a higher concentration, on top of which the hardly soluble substance may persistently remain in a dissolved form to be uniformly coated on the surface of a target even if the hardly soluble substance is in a solid form, which therefore makes it fully demonstrate the effects of the hardly-soluble substance.

[0201] The formulation according to the present invention has the components (A) and (B), which renders the formulation excellent, when applied to cosmetics, in all aspects of feeling of use for the spreadability thereof when applied to the skin, a moisture retention feeling and a non-stickiness; and is particularly superior in a persistent moisturizer feeling due to the non-volatility of the mixture or organic salt of the components (A) and (B) used in the present invention.

[0202] Especially, a mixture, organic salt or the solution of the preceding of the components (A) and (B) having a melting point of lower than 25° C. is superior in feeling of use, such as the spreadability, moisture retention feeling, non-stickiness and refreshing feeling.

[0203] It is preferred in terms of sensory evaluation that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 or an amino acid having an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less, and the component (B) have a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in the hydrocarbon moiety, said hydrogen-bonding functional group preferably having a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group, more preferably having at least two carboxy groups.

[0204] Moreover, it is preferred that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 or an amino acid having an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less, and the component (B) be an unsaturated or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid; it is more preferred that the component (A) be arginine or proline and the component (B) be an unsaturated or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid. It is preferred in terms of feeling of use that the compounding molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) be 1:9 to 9:1, more preferably 3:1 to 1:3, and even more preferably 3:2 to 1:2.

[0205] Among them, it is preferred that the combinations of the components (A) and (B) be the above-listed combinations of 3 to 10, 15 to 20, 25 to 27, 31, 33 to 37 among which the combinations of 6, 8, 25, 26, 31, 33 to 37, 40, 41 are more preferred.

[0206] When a target surface to which the formulation of the present invention is applied contains a functional group that interacts or couples to a hydrogen-bonding functional group in the formulation of the present invention, such as an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group and a phosphorus-containing group, the hydrogen-bonding functional group contained in the components (A) and / or (B) allows it to be favorably attached to the target for a long period of time, which therefore enables it to demonstrate the effects thereof. Examples of such target include organic or inorganic objects such as, although not particularly limited to the followings, living tissues (hair or skin), resins, papers, metals and metal oxides.

[0207] It is preferred in terms of adherability to the hair or skin that the component (B) be a carboxylic acid having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in the hydrocarbon moiety; the hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) preferably having a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group, more preferably having a hydroxy group, particularly preferably having both of the hydroxy and carboxy groups, and most prefer ably having a hydroxy group and at least two carboxy groups.

[0208] Moreover, it is preferred that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of greater than 7 or be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less, and the component (B) be an unsaturated or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid.

[0209] Among them, it is preferred that the combinations of the components (A) and (B) be the above-listed combinations of 1 to 4, 11, 12, 17, 18, 25 to 27, 31, 32, 34, 38 and 41.

[0210] Thus, the formulation according to the present invention is superior in antibiotic properties due to the carboxy group in the component(s) (A) and / or (B). As for the total number of amino groups and the number of carboxy groups in the components (A) and (B), it is preferable for the combination to have a greater number of carboxy groups, and when the components (A) and (B) form an organic salt, it is preferred that un-neutralized carboxy groups(—COOH) remain therein. That is, it is preferable for a ratio of the number of the amino groups to the number of the carboxy groups (the number of amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the components (A) and (B) to be 1 or less.

[0211] As for the formulation according to the present invention, the mixture or organic salt of the components (A) and (B) is non-volatile, and the liquid mixture or salt thereof in particular is capable of being coated in a uniform and highly concentrated manner after the volatile components are evaporated, which therefore provides an effective and persistent antimicrobial property. Moreover, the formulation is also effective as a solvent for an agent effective on bacterium and / or viruses, such as existing antibacterial agents and / or antivirals, which not only allows the existing antibacterial agents and / or antivirals to be compounded therein at high concentration but also allows it to be persistently remained in a dissolved form and uniformly coated on the surface of a target even if the hardly soluble substance is in a solid form, which therefore makes it fully demonstrate the effect of, for example, the existing antibacterial agents, antivirals and / or disinfectants in addition to the antimicrobial property of the formulation according to present invention. Further, the formulation of the present invention may also offer the prospect of synergistic effects with the existing antibacterial agents, antivirals and / or disinfectants, which enables it to have, for example, antibacterial and / or antiviral properties at a lower concentration.

[0212] It is preferred in terms of antimicrobial property that the component (A) be an amino acid having an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less, and the component (B) have a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in the hydrocarbon moiety. It is preferable for the hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) to have a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group, more preferably to have both of the hydroxy and carboxy groups, and particularly preferably to have a hydroxy group and at least two carboxy groups. Moreover, as for the combinations of the components (A) and (B), it is preferred that a ratio of the number of the amino groups to the number of the carboxy groups in the components (A) and (B) (the number of amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) be 1 or less. Among them, it is preferred that the combinations of the components (A) and (B) be the above-listed combinations of 3, 16, 17, 20, 25, 27, 31, 33, 34, 40 and 41.

[0213] The formulation according to the present invention is favorable in terms of safety, and particularly the formulation having the components (A) and (B) that are listed in Japanese standards of quasi-drug ingredients (JSQI), Japanese standards of quasi-drug additives, Japanese pharmacopoeia (JP), Japanese pharmaceutical codex (JPC), Japanese pharmaceutical excipients (JPE), Japanese standards of quasi-drug additives, and Japan's specifications and standards for food additives (JSFA) will be superior in terms of safety and have a reduced skin irritancy, which therefore enables the applications for the cosmetics or daily goods.

[0214] As for the formulation according to the present invention, the components (A) and (B) are respectively an amino acid and a carboxylic acid, which therefore allows it to be readily degraded in terms of biodegradability. The formulation containing components (A) and (B) of natural origin, in particular, is useful because it is excellent in biodegradability and has a low impact on the environment.

[0215] As to the combination with water or polymers, the formulation of the present invention has a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in both or either one of the components (A) and (B), which therefore allows it to have a favorable affinity with water or polymers, thereby making is suitable for forming a gel or for enhancing viscosity. The hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) further facilitates polymers to form a gel, which therefore makes it favorable in terms of enhancing viscosity.

[0216] The gel composition containing the formulation of the present invention, a polymer and water is useful in terms of exhibiting thixotropy—the property of becoming less viscous when subjected to a shearing stress, thus enabling it to be readily applied to a target, while this viscosity increases when not subjected to a shearing stress, which therefore cause the liquid less likely to be trickled from the application surface.

[0217] The formulation of the present invention may be the one containing only of the components (A) and (B), or be a solution of the components (A) and (B) diluted with a solvent, or a mixture with or a composition of a further component.

[0218] As for the formulation according to the present invention, the compounding molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) may be, although not particularly limited to the followings, 1:99 to 99:1, preferably 1:9 to 9:1, and more preferably 1:5 to 5:1.

[0219] The amount of the components (A) and (B) contained in the formulation according to the present invention may be, although not limited to the followings, for example, 0.01 to 100 wt %, 0.1 to 100 wt %, or 1 to 95 wt % based on the total amount of the formulation.

[0220] Examples of the solvent include, but are not particularly limited to, water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, isoprene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, benzyl alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethyl ether, acetone, toluene, hexane, heptane and acetonitrile; they may be used alone or in combination with two or more species thereof.

[0221] Examples of the further component include, but are not particularly limited to, water, surfactants (such as an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant), an oil agent, a solvent, an oil agent, a cationic polymer, a water-soluble polymer, a viscosity regulator, a resin, a resin particle, a gloss imparting agent, a higher alcohol, a multivalent alcohol, a higher fatty acid, amidoamines, a hydrocarbon, a wax, esters, a silicone derivative, a physiologically active ingredient, extracts, an antioxidant, a sequestrant, a preservative, an ultraviolet absorber (such as organic or inorganic ones), a perfume, a moisturizer, carbons, metal oxides, minerals, salts, a neutralizer, a pH adjuster, a refrigerant, an insect repellent, an enzyme, dye compound, an organic colorant, a inorganic colorant, a colorant, a coloring agent, a pearling agent, a pearlizing agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, an antifoaming agent, a whitening agent, a wrinkle ameliorating agent, vitamins, amino acids, a hair growing agent, an antibacterial agent, a hormonal agent, a plant extract ingredient, a seaweed extract ingredient, a crude drug ingredient, an activator, a blood circulation promoter, and organic modified clay minerals; they may be used alone or in combination with two or more species thereof.

[0222] The formulation of the present invention may be used for imparting water retentivity, moisture absorbency and / or antimicrobial property, as well as for cosmetics. The formulation of the present invention may also be used for a gel composition containing a polymer and water. The formulation of the present invention is excellent in feeling of use (such as the spreadability, moisture retention feeling, non-stickiness and refreshing feeling), adherability to the hair, antimicrobial property, skin irritancy, biodegradability and gel-forming property, which therefore allows the formulation to be suitably used for various applications such as, for example, a water / moisture retention agent, a moisture absorbent, a conductive material, a electrolyte material, a antistatic agent, a solvents for dissolving biomaterial, a dispersion solvent, a preservation solvents and culture media, thickening agents, dissolving or dispersing solvents of organic or inorganic material (including, but not particularly limited to a metal, a metal oxide (including, but not particularly limited to, silica, aluminum oxide (alumina), zirconia, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), cobalt blue (CoO—Al2O3), antimony oxide, zinc oxide, cesium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, cadmium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, indium oxide, boron oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, thorium oxide, indium tin oxide and ferrite), or carbon material), a surface treatment agent, a beauty product (emulsion, lotion, lipstick, etc.), a cosmetic (fabric softener, detergent, etc.), a sanitary / hygiene product, a pharmaceutical product, a topical product, a transdermal absorbent, a soil conditioner, a soil water retention agent, a soil improvement agent, a waterstop, a road-bedding material, a concrete treatment agent, a water retention agent for greening a material for civil engineering and construction (flame retardants, heat insulators, etc.), a food packaging material, a food additive (freshness preservative, etc.), a sheet, a concrete admixture / modifier, a sealant, a waterproofing agent, a shock absorber, an adsorbent, an extractant, a medical / pharmaceutical material (medical sensor, oral cleanser, etc.), a drug delivery system, a lubricant, a reaction solvent, a heat transfer medium, a refrigerant, a food, an agricultural material (seed coating agent, etc.), an agrichemical, a fertilizer, a pesticide pigment, a dye, a paint, a dye, an ink pigment treatment, an adhesive, a swelling agent, a wetting agent, an antibacterial agent, a paper treatment agent (lotion tissue agent, paper coating liquid, etc.),a textile material (fiber treatment agent, etc.), a flower delivery agent, an electronic material (electronic material cleaning agent, etc.).a biomaterial (artificial skin, etc.),a sanitary material, a deodorant, an air freshener base material, an exothermic material (warmer, etc.),a cold storage agent, a cooling sheet, a pet supply (absorbent sheet),a material for daily necessity (sleepwear, bedding, etc.),a glass material (glass treatment agent (anti-condensation agent), etc.) and a material for industrial product (gas detecting agent, desiccant, adhesive, resin modifier, etc.).(Composition)

[0223] The composition of the present invention contains a formulation as explained in the above. The formulation of the present invention may contain an organic salt as explained in the above. These formulations or compositions may be used for imparting water retentivity, moisture absorbency and / or antimicrobial property, as well as for cosmetics. The formulation of the present invention may also be used as a gel composition containing a polymer and water. The composition containing the formulation according to the present invention may be, for example, in a form of, although not particularly limited to the followings, liquid, solid or gel.

[0224] As for the preferable combinations of the components (A) and (B) in the composition containing the formulation according to the present invention, the combinations as listed in the above may be referred to depending on their intended applications.

[0225] Examples of the further component other than the components (A) and (B) in the composition, having the formulation of the present invention, to be used for imparting antimicrobial property include, but are not particularly limited to, for example, the aforementioned solvents, an agent effective on bacteria or viruses such as an antibacterial agent, an antiviral and / or disinfectant, a surfactant (such as an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant), a resin, a UV-absorber (including an organic or inorganic absorber), a perfume, a moisturizer, a metal oxide, a neutralizer, a pH adjuster, a colorant, an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator and a antifoaming agent; they may be used alone or in combination with two or more species thereof.

[0226] Examples of the further component other than the components (A) and (B) in the composition, having the formulation of the present invention, to be used as cosmetics include, but are not particularly limited to, for example, water, a surfactant, an oil agent, a solvent, a cationic polymer, a water-soluble polymer, a viscosity regulator, a resin, resin particles, a gloss imparting agent, a higher alcohol, a multivalent alcohol, a higher fatty acid, amidoamines, a hydrocarbon, a wax, esters, a silicone derivative, a physiologically active ingredient, an extract, an antioxidant, a sequestrant, a preservative, an ultraviolet absorber (organic or inorganic), a perfume, a moisturizer, carbons, metal oxides, minerals, salts, a neutralizer, a pH adjuster, a refrigerant, an insect repellent, an enzyme, dye compound, an organic colorant, an inorganic colorant, a coloring agent, a pearling agent, a pearlizing agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, a whitening agent, a wrinkle ameliorating agent, vitamins, amino acids, a hair growing agent, an antibacterial agent, a hormonal agent, a plant extract ingredient, a seaweed extract ingredient, a crude drug ingredient, an activator, a blood circulation promoter, and an organic modified clay mineral.

[0227] When applied to the skin, the composition of the present invention is capable of imparting a moisture retention feeling, and thus achieving a favorable feeling with no stickiness, due to the effects of the short- or long-term water and moisture retention property and antistatic property (static protection property) owing to the non-volatility of the mixture or organic salt of the components (A) and (B). Further, due to the safety of the formulation and an affinity, permeability, and low-irritating property thereof to the skin or the like, even as a skin care composition, there can be obtained a skin-care composition with a high safety, a favorable skin compatibility, a favorable skin elasticity and being low-irritating to the skin or the like. Furthermore, since the aforementioned formulation is useful as a base material for a skin care composition even in that there can be achieved a high solubility of the active ingredients, and since the formulation is superior in permeability into the skin or the like, the formulation can bring an excellent water / moisture retention effect to the skin or the like, and can thus also be used as a carrier of the active ingredients. Other than skin application, the formulation may also be used in cuticles, nails, and inner regions of oral and nasal cavities where the effects of the present invention are sought. Moreover, the formulation is superior in terms of biodegradability, and therefore may be regarded as a formulation having a low impact on the environment.

[0228] The gel composition containing the formulation of the present invention may contain not only the formulation of the components (A) and (B) but also a polymer and water. Examples of the polymer compound include, but are not particularly limited to, a synthetic polymer compound, a semisynthetic polymer compound and a natural polymer compound, among which a polymer having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s), particularly a polymer compound having at least any one selected from a hydroxy group, a carbonyl group, a carboxy group and a carboxylate group, is preferred because a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) contained in a polymer compound allows the compound to have an interaction with water, the component (A) and / or the component (B) which in turn enhances the affinity to them. Particularly, in terms of safety, preferred are a semisynthetic polymer compound and a natural polymer compound, of which a natural polymer compound is more preferred. They may be used alone or in combination with two or more species.

[0229] Examples of the synthetic polymer include, but are not particularly limited to, polymers based on, for example, polyacrylic acid, vinyl acetate copolymer, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polymaleimide, polyurethane, polycarbonate and polyacrylate.

[0230] Examples of the semisynthetic polymer include, but are not particularly limited to, for example, cellulose derivatives (carboxymethylcellulose sodium, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and crystalline cellulose), alginate sodium, an ester gum, and a soluble starch. Examples of the natural polymer include, but are not particularly limited to, for example, a polysaccharide, a cellulose, a nucleic acid or the salt thereof, a ribonucleic acid or the salt thereof, a hydrosoluble protein (such as casein, collagen, gelatin, albumin, fibroin, elastin, keratin and sericin), hyaluronic acid or the salt thereof, and a mucoperiosteum (such as chondroitin sulfate), among which a polysaccharide is preferred.

[0231] Examples of the polysaccharide include, but are not particularly limited to, natural polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, carrageenan, tamarind seed gum, gellan gum, guar gum, pectin, gum arabic, karaya gum, locust bean gum, diutan gum, sodium alginate, agarose, hyaluronic acid, polygalacturonic acid; carboxyalkyl polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl pullulan, carboxymethyl chitin, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl mannan, carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl dextran, carboxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl pullulan; oxidized polysaccharides such as oxidized cellulose and oxidized starch; and polysaccharides having sulfate groups such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparin and heparan sulfate.

[0232] Among them, preferred is a polymer compound having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s), and more preferred is a hydrosoluble polymer compound. As such polymer compound, preferred are xanthan gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, guar gum, diutan gum and sodium alginate, among which xanthan gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, guar gum, diutan gum are more preferred, and xanthan gum and guar gum are even more preferred.

[0233] The component (A), the component (B), polymer compound and water in the gel composition of the present invention may be compounded in any ratio, and the compounding amount thereof is not particularly limited. Nevertheless, in terms of forming a gel or imparting an enhanced viscosity, it is preferred that the total sum of the components (A) and (B) in the composition be 90 wt % or less, more preferably 50 wt % or less, even more preferably 30 wt % or less, and particularly more preferably 10 wt % or less. Meanwhile, it is preferable for the polymer to be contained in the composition in an amount of 0.01 wt % or more, more preferably 0.1 wt % or more, and even more preferably 1 wt % or more.

[0234] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. Nevertheless, the invention shall not be limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be made within the scope that does not depart from the gist of the invention. Further, for each of the above preferred examples shown in formula (I), the combination of them with each of the above preferred examples shown in the component (B), and each of the above preferred examples shown in Formula (II), at least one of the combinations of them may be preferred embodiments based on the results of the following working examples. Furthermore, the combination of them with the properties of mixtures of the components (A) and (B) or salts of the components (A) and (B), or even with their respective preferred examples of polymeric compounds, may be more preferred embodiments based on the results of the working examples.WORKING EXAMPLES

[0235] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.1. Preparation of Formulations (Organic Salts) 1-427

[0236] Formulations (salts) 1-427 as shown in Tables 1A-1D were prepared in a manner to be explained below. The reagents used for the components (A) and (B) are as listed hereinbelow:

[0237] L-lysine, γ-aminobutyric acid, hexanoic acid, linoleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, and ascorbic acid manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd;

[0238] L-arginine, L-histidine, glycine, L-valine, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, L-cysteine, L-tryptophan, L-aspartic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, gluconic acid, L-malic acid, Tartaric acid and cinnamic acid manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation;

[0239] L-alanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, and L-glutamic acid manufactured by Peptide Institute. INC;

[0240] L-proline made by Sigma-Aldrich Japan;

[0241] Isostearic acid and oleic acid manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd;

[0242] Lactic acid, butyric acid, adipic acid, and succinic acid manufactured by Kanto Kagaku Co., Ltd.<Working example 48>Formulation (salt) 48

[0243] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and isostearic acid (28.45 g, 0.10 mol) in 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol were stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, and then the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of colorless liquid of L-arginine and isostearic acid.Formulation (salt) 48

[0244] FT-IR (KBr): 3165 cm−1, 2925 cm−1, 1854 cm−1, 1653 cm−1, 1406 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.86-0.94 (m, 6H, Isostearic acid, —CH3), 1.69-1.79 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.87-1.94 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.32-3.40 (m, 1H, Isostearic acid, —CH(COOH)—), 3.58-3.61 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH).

[0245] 1.31 (m, 22H), 1.59-1.63 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.21 (t, 2H), 3.21-3.25 (t, 2H): (Isostearic acid, CH3(CH2)8CH((CH2)6CH3)COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 25.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.6 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 41.9 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 55.6 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 56.2 (Isostearic acid, —CH(COOH)—), 158.8 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.7 (Arg, COOH), 182.6 (Isostearic acid, COOH). 29.5, 30.8, 38.8, 48.4, 48.6, 48.8, 49.0, 49.2, 49.5 (Isostearic acid, CH3(CH2)8CH((CH2)6CH3)COOH).<Working examples 1-6, 22-27, 43-48, 64-69, 85-90, 106-111>Formulations (salts) 1-6, 22-27, 43-48, 64-69, 85-90, 106-111

[0246] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table TA and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 48 to obtain formulations (salts) 1 to 6, 22 to 27, 43 to 48, 64-69, 85-90, 106-111. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 69

[0247] FT-IR (KBr): 2925 cm−1, 2854 cm−1, 1677 cm−1, 1542 cm−1, 1464 cm−1, 1405 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.86-0.94 (m, 6H, Isostearic acid, —CH3), 1.69-1.79 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.87-1.94 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.32-3.40 (m, 1H, Isostearic acid, —CH(COOH)—), 3.58-3.61 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH).

[0248] 1.31 (m, 22H), 1.59-1.63 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.21 (t, 2H), 3.21-3.25 (t, 2H): (Isostearic acid, CH3(CH2)8CH((CH)6CH3)COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 27.0 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 30.6 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 41.8(Arg, —CH2NH—), 49.7 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 158.8 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 180.5 (Isostearic acid, COOH).

[0249] 29.5, 30.8, 38.8, 48.4, 48.6, 48.8, 49.0, 49.2, 49.5 (Isostearic acid, CH3(CH2)8CH((CH2)6CH3)COOH).<Working example 49>Formulation (salt) 49

[0250] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and oleic acid (28.45 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol at room temperature for 3 hours, and then the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of yellow liquid of L-arginine and oleic acid.Formulation (salt) 49

[0251] FT-IR (KBr): 3347 cm−1, 2925 cm−1, 1737 cm−1, 1636 cm−1, 1404 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.90-0.94 (t, 3H, Oleic acid, —CH3), 1.71-1.78 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.88-1.94 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.21-3.25 ((t, 2H, Oleic Acid, —CH2COOH), (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—)), 3.59-3.62 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 5.35-5.37 (t, 2H, Oleic acid, —CH═CH—).

[0252] 1.31-1.35 (m, 20H), 1.59-1.62 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.20 (t, 2H): (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.5 (Oleic acid CH3—), 23.8, (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 25.7 (Oleic acid), 27.7 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 41.9 (—CH2NH—), 55.5 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 130.8, 130.9 (Oleic acid, —CH═CH—), 158.9 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.9 (Arg, COOH), 182.9 (Oleic acid, COOH).

[0253] 25.7, 28.1, 28.2, 29.5, 30.4, 30.47, 30.57, 30.64, 30.8, 30.9, 32.7, 33.1, 39.1 (Oleic acid, CH3 (CH2) 7CH═CH(CH2) 7COOH).<Working examples 7, 8, 28, 29, 49, 50, 70, 71, 91, 92, 112, 113>Formulation (salt) 7, 8, 28, 29, 49, 50, 70, 71, 91, 92, 112, 113

[0254] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 49 to obtain formulations (salts) 7, 8, 28, 29, 49, 50, 70, 71, 91, 92, 113 and 114. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 50

[0255] FT-IR (KBr): 3346 cm−1, 3166 cm−1, 2926 cm−1, 1645 cm−1, 1404 cm−1. 1 HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.90-0.95 (m, 3H, Linoleic acid, —CH3), 1.68-1.80 m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.84-1.93 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH (NH2)COOH), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH— 1, 3.57-3.60 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH (NH 2)COOH), 5.30-5.42 (m, 4H, Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—).

[0256] 1.30-1.41 (m, 12H), 1.59-1.64 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.11 (q, 4H), 2.78-2.81 (t, 2H), 3.21-3.25 (t, 2H), 3.31-3.34 (t, 2H): (Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4(CH═CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.7 (Linoleic acid, —CH3), 23.7 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.7 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 41.9 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 55.6 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 56.3 (Linoleic acid, —CH2COOH), 129.7 (Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—), 130.9 (Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—), 158.8 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.8 (Arg, COOH), 182.7 (Linoleic acid, COOH). 26.6, 28.2, 30.5, 30.8, 38.9, 48.6, 48.8, 49.0, 49.2, 49.5, 49.7 (Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4(CH═CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH).Formulation (salt) 70

[0257] FT-IR (KBr): 3411 cm−1, 2924 cm−1, 1762 cm−1, 1635 cm−1, 1063 cm−1, 963 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.80-0.89 (t, 6H, Oleic acid, —CH3), 1.60-1.70 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.78-1.84 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.50-3.55 (m, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 5.25-5.27 (t, 4H, Oleic acid,—CH═CH—). 1.21-1.24 (m, 40H) 1.49-1.53 (m, 4H), 1.92-1.99 (m, 8H), 2.12-2.15 (t, 4H): (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.5 (Oleic acid —CH3), 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.0 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 41.9 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 55.5 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 130.9, 131.0 (Oleic acid, —CH═CH—), 158.8 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.4 (Arg, COOH), 180.6 (Oleic acid, COOH). 25.7, 28.1, 28.2, 29.3, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6, 30.7, 30.8, 32.7, 33.1, 37.2, 58.0 (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH).Formulation (salt) 71

[0258] FT-IR (KBr): 3347 cm−1, 2927 cm−1, 2855 cm−1, 2361 cm−1, 1680 cm−1, 1405 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.91-0.95 (t, 6H, Linoleic acid, —CH3), 1.71-1.80 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.88-1.97 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.21-3.26 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.60-3.63 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 5.31-5.42 (m, 8H, Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—).

[0259] 1.30-1.42 (m, 24H), 1.60-1.64 (m, 4H), 2.06-2.11 (q, 8H), 2.23-2.30 (m, 4H), 3.21-3.25 (t, 4H), 3.31-3.34 (t, 4H): (Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4(CH═CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.7 (Linoleic acid, —CH3), 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.8 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 41.9 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 49.7 (Linoleic acid, —CH2COOH), 55.5 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 129.1, 130.9 (Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—), 158.8 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 180.0 (Linoleic acid, COOH).

[0260] 26.8, 28.2, 28.6, 29.9, 30.5, 30.8, 31.1, 32.0, 32.7, 36.5, 36.8, 37.1 (Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4(CH═CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH).<Working example 52>Formulation (salt) 52

[0261] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and 30 wt. % of lactic acid (30.01 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of colorless liquid of L-arginine and lactic acid.Formulation (salt) 52

[0262] FT-IR (KBr): 3366 cm−1, 3189 cm−1, 1718 cm−1, 1141 cm−1, 863 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.20-1.22 (d, 3H, Lactic acid, —CH3), 1.49-1.61 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.77-1.83 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.64-3.67 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 3.97-4.02 (q, 1H, Lactic acid, —CHOH—). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 20.0 (Lactic acid, —CH3), 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.3 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 68.4 (Lactic acid, —CHOH—), 156.8 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 182.4 (Lactic acid, —COOH).<Working examples 9, 10, 30, 31, 51, 52, 72, 73, 93, 94, 115, 116>Formulations (salts) 9, 10, 30, 31, 51, 52, 72, 73, 93, 94, 114 and 115

[0263] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 52 to obtain formulations (salts) 9, 10, 30, 31, 51, 52, 72, 73, 93, 94, 114 and 115. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 9

[0264] FT-IR (KBr): 3392 cm−1, 2954 cm−1, 1720 cm−1, 1155 cm−1, 903 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.25-1.44 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 1.56-1.63 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 1.75-1.83 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.88-2.92 (t, 2H, Lys, —CH2NH2), 3.52-3.55 (t, 1H, Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.63-3.72 3.52-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.92-3.93 (d, 1H), 4.00-4.02 (d, 1H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 21.4 (Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 26.4 (Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 29.8 (Lys, —CH2NH2), 38.6 (Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 54.5 (Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH), 174.6 (Lys, COOH), 178.5 (gluconic acid, COOH). 62.6, 70.9, 71.1, 72.5, 74.0 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 30

[0265] FT-IR (KBr): 3394 cm−1, 1811 cm−1, 1687 cm−1, 1590 cm−1, 1160 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.31-1.48 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 1.60-1.69 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 1.81-1.88 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.93-2.97 (t, 2H, Lys, —CH2NH2), 3.56-3.60 (t, 1H, Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.68-3.81 (m, 8H), 3.98-4.01 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.19 (m, 2H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 21.3 (Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 26.2 (Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 29.9 (Lys, —CH2NH2), 39.1 (Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 54.7 (Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH), 174.5 (Lys, COOH), 177.5 (Gluconic acid, COOH).

[0266] 62.3, 70.4, 71.9, 72.4, 73.7 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH),Formulation (salt) 51

[0267] FT-IR (KBr): 3365 cm−1, 1720 cm−1, 1149 cm−1, 836 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.47-1.63 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.74-1.80 (m, 2H, Arg, CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.09-3.13 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.63-3.66 (m, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.51-3.71 (m, 4H), 3.89-3.90 (d, 1H), 3.99-4.00 (d, 1H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.6 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.6 (Arg, COOH), 178.5 (Gluconic acid, COOH).

[0268] 62.5, 70.9, 71.1, 72.5, 74.0 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 72

[0269] FT-IR (KBr): 3365 cm−1,1795 cm−1, 1153 cm−1, 835 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.45-1.62 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.73-1.81 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.08-3.11 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.63-3.66 (m, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH).

[0270] 3.49-3.69 (m, 8H) 3.93-3.94 (d, 2H), 4.12-4.13 (d, 2H):(Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 177.5 (gluconic acid, COOH).

[0271] 62.6, 70.8, 71.0, 72.1, 73.3 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 73

[0272] FT-IR (KBr): 3366 cm−1, 3203 cm−1, 1763 cm−1, 1149 cm−1, 866 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.23-1.25 (d, 6H, Lactic acid, —CH3), 1.48-1.69 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.75-1.81 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.09-3.13 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.63-3.66 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.09-4.15 (q, 2H, Lactic acid, —CHOH—). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 19.6 (Lactic acid, —CH3), 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 67.4 (Lactic acid, —CHOH—), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.2 (Arg, COOH), 180.5 (Lactic acid, COOH).Formulation (salt) 93

[0273] FT-IR (KBr): 3373 cm−1, 3159 cm−1, 1735 cm−1, 1082 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 3.89 (s, 2H, His, —CH2—), 3.87-3.90 (t, 1H, His, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.20-3.70 (m, 5H), 4.00 (s, 1H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 7.23 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H): (His, Imidazole). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.9 (His, —CH2—), 53.6 (His, —CH(NH2)COOH), 172.6 (His, COOH), 178.5 (Gluconic acid, COOH). 62.5, 70.9, 71.1, 72.5, 74.0 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 117.6, 127.7, 134.1 (His, Imidazole).Formulation (salt) 114

[0274] FT-IR (KBr): 3378 cm−1, 2928 cm−1, 1677 cm−1, 1152 cm−1, 894 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 3.21-3.33 (d, 2H, His, —CH2—), 3.88-3.89 (t, 1H, His, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.51-3.65 (m, 8H), 3.92-3.94 (m, 2H), 4.09-4.10 (m, 2H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 7.26 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H): (His, Imidazole). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.7 (His, —CH2—), 53.5 (His, —CH(NH2)COOH), 172.5 (His, COOH), 177.4 (Gluconic acid, COOH). 62.5, 71.8, 72.0, 73.2 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 117.6, 127.3, 133.9 (His, Imidazole).Formulation (salt) 115

[0275] FT-IR (KBr): 3384 cm−1, 3155 cm−1, 1775 cm−1, 1125 cm−1, 875 cm −1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.21-1.22 (d, 6H, Lactic acid, —CH3), 3.19-3.21 (d, 2H, His, —CH2—), 3.87-3.90 (t, 1H, His, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.07-4.11 (q, 2H, Lactic acid, —CHOH—). 7.24 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H): (His, Imidazole). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 19.6 (Lactic acid, CH3—), 25.7 (His, —CH2—), 53.5 (His, —CH(NH2)COOH), 67.4 (Lactic acid, —CHOH—), 172.5 (His, COOH), 180.5 (Lactic acid, —COOH). 117.6, 127.3, 133.9 (His, Imidazole).<Working example 53>Formulation (salt) 53

[0276] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and adipic acid (14.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-arginine and adipic acid.Formulation (salt) 53

[0277] FT-IR (KBr): 3131 cm−1, 2940 cm−1, 1752 cm−1, 1427 cm−1, 857 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.47-1.66 (m, 4H, Adipic acid, —CH2—), 1.48-1.69 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.82 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.18-2.20 (t, 4H, Adipic acid, —CH2COOH), 3.10-3.13 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.64-3.66 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 24.6 (Adipic acid, —CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 35.3 (Adipic acid, —CH2COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 181.1 (Adipic acid, COOH).<Working examples 11-13, 32-34, 53-55, 74-76, 95-97, 116-118>Formulation (salt) 11-13, 32-34, 53-55, 74-76, 95-97, 116-118

[0278] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 53 to obtain formulations (salts) 11 to 13, 32 to 34, 53 to 55, 74-76, 95-97, 116-118.<Working example 56>Formulation (salt) 56

[0279] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and fumaric acid (11.60 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-arginine and adipic acid.Formulation (salt) 56

[0280] FT-IR (KBr): 3147 cm−1, 1749 cm−1, 1632 cm−1, 1555 cm−1, 1375 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.47-1.65 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.83 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.10-3.13 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.65-3.68 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 6.56 (s, 2H, Fumaric acid, —CH═CH—). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.6 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 134.7 (Fumaric acid, —CH═CH—), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 171.7 (Fumaric acid, COOH), 174.2 (Arg, COOH)<Working examples 14, 35, 56, 77, 98, 119>Formulations (salts) 14, 35, 56, 77, 98, 119

[0281] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 56 to obtain formulations (salts) 14, 35, 56, 77, 98 and 119.<Working example 16>Formulation (salt) 16

[0282] L-lysine (14.63 g, 0.10 mol) and citric acid (19.39 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 3 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of yellow liquid of L-lysine and citric acid.Formulation (salt) 16

[0283] FT-IR (KBr): 3432 cm−1, 3148 cm−1, 1764 cm−1, 1217 cm−1, 848 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.26-1.44 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 1.55-1.63 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 1.74-1.81 (m, 2H, Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.62-2.65 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.75-2.78 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.86-2.90 (t, 2H, Lys, —CH2NH2), 3.62-3.65 (t, 1H, Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 21.4 (Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 26.3 (Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 29.8 (Lys, —CH2NH2), 39.0 (Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 43.7 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 54.4 (Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH), 73.8 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 174.4 (Lys, COOH) 174.7 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 178.6 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).<Working examples 15-17, 36-38, 57-59, 78-80, 99-101, 120-122>Formulation (salt) 15-17, 36-38, 57-59, 78-80, 99-101, 120-122

[0284] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 16 to obtain formulations (salts) 15 to 17, 36 to 38, 57 to 59, 78-80, 99-101, 120-122. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 37

[0285] FT-IR (KBr): 3400 cm−1, 1762 cm−1, 1575 cm−1, 853 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.33-1.48 (m, 6H, Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 1.62-1.70 (m, 6H, Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 1.81-1.88 (m, 6H, Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.62-2.78 (d, 8H, Citric acid, CH2(COOH)—), 2.94-2.98 (t, 6H, Lys, —CH2NH2), 3.71-3.74 (t, 3H, Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 21.4 (Lys, —CH2CH2NH2), 26.4 (Lys, —CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 29.8 (Lys, —CH2NH2), 39.1 (Lys, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 43.6 (Citric acid, CH2(COOH)—), 54.6 (Lys, —CH(NH2)COOH), 73.5 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 174.0 (Lys, COOH), 174.3 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 177.8 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).Formulation (salt) 57

[0286] FT-IR (KBr): 3368 cm−1, 3203 cm−1, 1763 cm−1, 1398 cm−1, 918 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.47-1.64 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.82 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.48-2.72 (m, 2H, Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 3.10-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.64-3.67 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.25-4.28 (t, 1H, Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.1 (Malic acid, —CH2—), 40.4 (Arg,—CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 68.6 (Malic acid, —CHOH—), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 176.4 (Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 179.1 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 58

[0287] FT-IR (KBr): 3365 cm−1, 3207 cm−1, 1763 cm−1, 1217 cm−1, 850 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.47-1.66 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.81 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.62-2.79 (d, 4H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.10-3.13 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.64-3.67 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 43.7 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 73.8 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 174.8 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 178.7(Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).Formulation (salt) 59

[0288] FT-IR (KBr): 3364 cm−1, 3211 cm−1, 1764 cm−1, 1154 cm−1, 854 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.49-1.66 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.77-1.82 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.11-3.14 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.65-3.68 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.40 (s, 2H, Tartaric acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 72.8 (Tartaric acid, —CH(OH)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.2(Arg, COOH), 176.5 (Tartaric acid, COOH).Formulation (salt) 78

[0289] FT-IR (KBr): 3368 cm−1, 3203 cm−1, 1763 cm−1, 1128 cm−1, 918 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.48-1.64 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.82 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH—), 2.60-2.78 (d, 4H, Malic acid, CH2COOH—), 3.10-3.13 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.65-3.68 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.35-4.37 (t, 2H, Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.4 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 39.1 (Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 67.6 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.2 (Arg, COOH), 175.3 (Malic acid, CH2COOH), 177.9 (Malic acid, CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 79

[0290] FT-IR (KBr): 3365 cm−1, 3194 cm−1, 1764 cm−1, 1213 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.48-1.65 (m, 6H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.82 (m, 6H, Arg, CH(COOH)(NH2)CH2—), 2.57-2.61 (d, 4H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.69-2.72 (d, 4H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.10-3.13 (t, 6H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.63-3.67 (t, 3H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.4 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 39.1 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.2 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 67.6 (Citric acid, —C(OH)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.2 (Arg, COOH), 175.3 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 177.9 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).Formulation (salt) 80

[0291] FT-IR (KBr): 3365 cm−1, 3215 cm−1, 1693 cm−1, 1150 cm−1, 725 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.46-1.65 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.76-1.82 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.09-3.12 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.66-3.69 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.49 (s, 4H, Tartaric acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.4 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.0 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 72.3 (Tartaric acid, —CH(OH)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, C(NH)NH2), 174.0 (Arg, COOH), 175.5 (Tartaric acid, COOH).Formulation (salt) 100

[0292] FT-IR (KBr): 3408 cm−1, 3149 cm−1, 1715 cm−1, 1225 cm−1, 828 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.62-2.66 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.74-2.78 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.21-3.23 (d, 2H, His, —CH2—), 3.89-3.92 (t, 1H, His, —CH(NH2)COOH). 7.23 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H): (His, Imidazole). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.7 (His, —CH2—), 43.6 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 53.5 (His, —CH(NH2)COOH), 73.8 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 172.5 (His, COOH), 174.7 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 178.7 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—). 117.6, 127.7, 134.1 (His, Imidazole).Formulation (salt) 121

[0293] FT-IR (KBr): 3387 cm−1, 3249 cm−1, 1710 cm−1, 924 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.50-2.54 (d, 4H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.63-2.67 (d, 4H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.16-3.18 (d, 6H, His, —CH2—), 3.84-3.87 (t, 3H, His, —CH(NH2)COOH). 7.23 (s, 3H), 8.47 (s, 3H): (His, Imidazole). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.6 (His, —CH2—), 43.6 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 53.5 (His, —CH(NH2)COOH), 73.8 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 172.6 (His, COOH), 175.8 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 179.5 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—). 117.6, 127.7, 134.1 (His, Imidazole).<Working example 60>Formulation (salt) 60

[0294] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and benzoic acid (12.21 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of colorless liquid of L-arginine and benzoic acid.Formulation (salt) 60

[0295] FT-IR (KBr): 3366 cm−1, 3189 cm−1, 1718 cm−1, 1191 cm−1, 848 cm−1, 738 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.41-1.59 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.70-1.76 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 2.99-3.03 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.59-3.61 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH (NH2)COOH), 7.31-7.35 (t, 2H, Benzoic acid, Ph), 7.38-7.42 (t, 1H, Benzoic acid, Ph), 7.72-7.74 (d, 2H, Benzoic acid, Ph). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —NHCH2CH2—), 54.3 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 128.3 (Benzoic acid, Ph), 128.6 (Benzoic acid, Ph), 131.2 (Benzoic acid, Ph), 136.1 (Benzoic acid, Ph), 156.6 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 175.6 (Benzoic acid, COOH).<Working examples 18, 39, 60, 81, 102, 123>Formulation (salt) 18, 39, 60, 81, 102, 123

[0296] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 60 to obtain formulations (salts) 18, 39, 60, 81, 102 and 123.<Working example 61>Formulation (salt) 61

[0297] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and cinnamic acid (14.81 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-arginine and cinnamic acid.Formulation (salt) 61

[0298] FT-IR (KBr): 3088 cm−1, 1637 cm−1, 1532 cm−1, 1381 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.44-1.63 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.74-1.80 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.05-3.08 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.61-3.64 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH (NH2)COOH), 6.37-6.42 (d, 2H, Cinnamic acid, —CH═CH—), 7.25-7.33 (m, 3H, Cinnamic acid, Ph), 7.49-7.51 (d, 2H, Cinnamic acid, Ph). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.5 (Arg, —NHCH2CH2—), 54.3 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 124.1, 127.7, 129.0, 129.6, 135.1, 140.8 (Cinnamic acid, Ph, —CH═CH—),156.6 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH), 175.7 (Cinnamic acid, COOH).<Working examples 19, 40, 61, 82, 103, 124>Formulations (salts) 19, 40, 61, 82, 103, 124

[0299] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 61 to obtain formulations (salts) 19, 40, 61, 82, 103 and 124.<Working example 62>Formulation (salt) 62

[0300] L-arginine (11.78 g, 0.10 mol) and L-ascorbic acid (17.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of white solid formulation (salt) of L-arginine and L-ascorbic acid.Formulation (salt) 62

[0301] FT-IR (KBr): 3161 cm−1, 1559 cm−1, 1342 cm−1, 1108 cm−1, 900 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.50-1.68 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 1.77-1.84 (m, 2H, Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 3.12-3.16 (t, 2H, Arg, —CH2NH—), 3.89-3.94 (t, 1H, Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.61-3.69 (m, 3H), 4.41-4.42 (d, 1H): (Ascorbic acid, CHyeio, —CH(OH)CH2OH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.8 (Arg, —CH2CH2CH2—), 27.5 (Arg, —CH2CH(NH2)COOH), 40.4 (Arg, —CH2NH—), 54.4 (Arg, —CH(NH2)COOH), 156.7 (Arg, —C(NH)NH2), 174.3 (Arg, COOH). 62.5, 69.1, 78.3, 113.1, 177.8: (Ascorbic acid, CHeycio, —CH(OH)CH2OH).<Working examples 20, 21, 41, 42, 62, 63, 83, 84, 104, 105, 125, 126>Formulations

[0302] (salts) 20, 21, 41, 42, 62, 63, 83, 84, 104, 105, 125, 126 Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1A and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 62 to obtain formulations (salts) 20, 21, 41, 42, 62, 63, 83, 84, 104, 105, 125 and 126.<Working example 170>Formulation (salt) 170

[0303] γ-aminobutyric acid (10.31 g, 0.10 mol) and acetic acid (6.01, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of γ-aminobutyric acid and acetic acid.Formulation (salt) 170

[0304] FT-IR (KBr): 2931 cm−1, 2209 cm−1, 1653 cm−1, 1574 cm−1, 1029 cm−1, 659 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.77-1.87 ((m, 3H, Acetic acid, —CH3), (m, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—)), 2.19-2.23 (quin, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 2.90-2.94 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.4 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 34.1 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 39.2 (Acetic acid, —CH3), 39.4 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 180.2 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, COOH), 181.3 (Acetic acid, COOH).<Working examples 127-132, 147-152, 167-172, 187-191, 204-208, 221-225, 238-242, 255-259, 272-276, 289-293, 306-310, 323-327, 340-345, 360-364, 377-381>Formulations (salts) 127-132, 147-152, 167-172, 187-191, 204-208, 221-225, 238-242, 255-259, 272-276, 289-293, 306-310, 323-327, 340-345, 360-364, 377-381

[0305] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 170 to obtain formulations (salts) 127 to 132, 147 to 152, 167 to 172, 187-191, 204-208, 221-225, 238-242, 255-259, 272-276, 289-293, 306-310, 323-327, 340-345, 360-364 and 377-381. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 345

[0306] FT-IR (KBr): 2925 cm−1, 2855 cm−1, 1712 cm−1, 1616 cm−1, 1463 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.86-0.94 (m, 6H, Isostearic acid, —CH3), 3.32-3.40 (m, 1H, Isostearic acid, —CH(COOH)—). 1.31 (s, 22H), 1.59-1.63 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.21 (t, 2H), 3.21-3.25 (t, 2H): (Isostearic acid, CH3(CH2)8CH((CH)6CH3)COOH). 1.89-2.27 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.34 (m, 2H), 4.00-4.06 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2 hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 56.2 (Isostearic acid, —CH(COOH)—), 174.1 (Pro, COOH), 182.6 (Isostearic acid, COOH). 29.5, 30.8, 38.8, 48.4, 48.8, 49.0, 49.5 (Isostearic acid, CH3(CH2)8CH((CH2)6CH3)COOH). 23.6, 28.9, 46.0, 61.0: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).<Working example 173>Formulation (salt) 173

[0307] γ-aminobutyric acid (10.31 g, 0.10 mol) and oleic acid (28.25 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethanol at room temperature for 3 hours, and then the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of colorless liquid of γ-aminobutyric acid and oleic acid.Formulation (salt) 173

[0308] FT-IR (KBr): 2925 cm−1, 2854 cm−1, 1711 cm−1, 1552 cm−1, 1406 cm−1, 1244 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.90-0.94 (m, 3H, Oleic acid, —CH3), 1.86-1.93 (quin, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 2.35-2.39 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 2.97-3.00 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.32-3.34 (m, 2H, Oleic acid, —CH2COOH), 5.35-5.38 (m, 2H, Oleic acid, —CH═CH—). 1.31-1.35 (m, 20H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.29 (m, 2H): (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.5 (Oleic acid, —CH3), 23.7 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 32.7 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 40.9 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 130.9 (Oleic acid, —CH═CH—), 178.8 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, COOH), 179.8 (Oleic acid, COOH). 24.7, 26.4, 28.2, 30.3, 30.37, 30.39, 30.48, 30.52, 30.6, 30.8, 33.1, 35.4, 35.9 (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH).<Working examples 133, 134, 153, 154, 173, 174, 346, 347>Formulations (salts) 133, 134, 153, 154, 173, 174, 346, 347

[0309] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C prepared under the same condition as in Working example 173 to obtain formulations (salts) 133, 134, 153, 154, 173, 174, 346 and 347. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 346

[0310] FT-IR (KBr): 2938 cm−1, 2855 cm−1, 1711 cm−1, 1616 cm−1, 1410 cm−1, 1291 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.90-0.94 (t, 3H, Oleic acid, —CH3), 5.32-5.41 (t, 2H, Oleic acid, —CH═CH—). 1.31-1.35 (m, 20H), 1.60-1.64 (t, 2H), 1.96-2.17 (m, 4H), 2.27-2.37 (m, 2H): (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH). 1.96-2.37 (m, 4H), 3.23-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.98-4.00 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2 hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.7 (Oleic acid, —CH3), 63.1 (Oleic acid, —CH2COOH), 130.8, 130.9 (Oleic acid, —CH═CH—), 174.1 (Pro, COOH), 177.8 (Oleic acid, COOH). 25.2, 26.2, 27.7, 29.7, 30.3, 30.5, 30.7, 30.8, 33.1, 34.8, 35.1 (Oleic acid, CH3(CH2)7CH═CH(CH2)7COOH). 23.8, 28.2, 48.4, 62.2: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).Formulation (salt) 347

[0311] FT-IR (KBr): 2927 cm−1, 2856 cm−1, 1711 cm−1, 1617 cm−1, 1410 cm−1, 1252 cm−1. 1HNMR (MeOD, 400 MHz): 0.91-0.95 (t, 3H, Linoleic acid, —CH3), 5.31-5.42 (m, 4H, Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—). 1.31-1.41 (m, 12H), 1.59-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.18 (q, 4H), 2.78-2.81 (t, 2H), 3.23-3.29 (t, 2H), 3.30-3.33 (t, 2H): (Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4(CH═CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH). 1.89-2.38 (m, 4H), 3.23-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.98-4.06 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2 hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (MeOD, 100 MHz): 14.7 (Linoleic acid, —CH3), 129.1, 130.9(Linoleic acid, —CH═CH—), 174.0 (Pro, COOH), 177.8 (Linoleic acid, COOH). 26.6, 27.8, 28.6, 29.6, 30.1, 30.3, 30.5, 30.7, 32.7, 34.8, 35.1, 35.3, 47.1 (Linoleic acid, CH3(CH2)4(CH═CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH). 26.2, 28.2, 48.4, 62.2: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).<Working example 176>Formulation (salt) 176

[0312] L-aminobutyric acid (10.31.78 g, 0.10 mol) and 30 wt. % of lactic acid (30.01 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 3 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of colorless liquid of γ-aminobutyric acid and lactic acid.Formulation (salt) 176

[0313] FT-IR (KBr): 3406 cm−1, 2984 cm−1, 1764 cm−1, 878 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.22-1.24 (d, 3H, Lactic acid, —CH3), 1.76-1.84 (quin, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 2.28-2.34 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 2.88-2.91 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 4.06-4.11 (q, 1H, Lactic acid, —CHOH—). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 19.7 (Lactic acid, —CH3), 22.6 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 32.0 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 38.9 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 67.6 (Lactic acid, —CHOH—), 178.7 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, COOH), 180.9 (Lactic acid, COOH).<Working examples 135, 136, 155, 156, 175, 176, 192, 193, 209, 210, 226, 227, 243, 244, 260, 261, 277, 278, 294, 295, 311, 312, 328, 329, 348, 349, 365, 366, 382, 383>Formulations (salts) 135, 136, 155, 156, 175, 176, 192, 193, 209, 210, 226, 227, 243, 244, 260, 261, 277, 278, 294, 295, 311, 312, 328, 329, 348, 349, 365, 366, 382, 383

[0314] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C prepared under the same condition as in Working example 176 to obtain formulations (salts) 135, 136, 155, 156, 175, 176, 192, 193, 209, 210, 226, 227, 243, 244, 260, 261, 277, 278, 294, 295, 311, 312, 328, 329, 348, 349, 365, 366, 382 and 383. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 175

[0315] FT-IR (KBr): 3378 cm−1, 2971 cm−1, 1672 cm−1, 1157 cm−1, 904 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.75-1.85 (quin, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 2.27-2.35 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 2.90-2.94 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH). 3.20-3.70 (m, 5H), 4.00 (s, 1H): (Gluconic acid, 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 22.6 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 32.1 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 38.9 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 177.7 (gluconic acid, COOH), 178.8 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, COOH). 62.6, 70.8, 71.1, 72.2, 73.5 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 243

[0316] FT-IR (KBr): 3385 cm−1, 2958 cm−1, 1684 cm−1, 1162 cm−1, 833 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 3.47-3.52 (qd, 2H, Ser, —CH2OH), 3.93-3.95 (t, 1H, Ser, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.59-3.81 (m, 5H), 4.22 (s, 1H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 56.0 (Ser, —CH2OH), 59.9 (Ser, —CH(NH2)COOH), 172.0 (Ser, COOH), 176.4 (Gluconic acid, COOH). 60.0, 62.5, 70.6, 71.0, 72.5 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 348

[0317] FT-IR (KBr): 3404 cm−1, 1685 cm−1, 1156 cm−1, 899 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 3.53-3.68 (m, 4H), 4.00-4.06 (d, 2H), 4.22 (s, 1H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 1.89-2.27 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.34 (m, 2H) 3.98-4.06 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 174.4 (Pro, COOH), 176.2 (Gluconic acid, COOH). 62.6, 70.6, 70.8, 71.0, 72.5 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 23.6, 28.9, 46.0, 61.0: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).Formulation (salt) 349

[0318] FT-IR (KBr): 3404 cm−1, 1685 cm−1, 1156 cm−1, 899 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.22-1.24 (d, 3H, Lactic acid, —CH3), 4.06-4.11 (q, 1H, Lactic acid, —CHOH—). 1.89-2.27 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.34 (m, 2H), 4.00-4.06 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2 hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 19.7 (Lactic acid, —CH3), 67.6 (Lactic acid, —CHOH—),174.4 (Pro, COOH), 180.9 (Lactic acid, COOH). 23.6, 28.9, 46.0, 61.0: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).<Working example 157>Formulation (salt) 157

[0319] L-alanine (8.91 g, 0.10 mol) and adipic acid (14.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of arginine and adipic acid.Formulation (salt) 157

[0320] FT-IR (KBr): 3076 cm−1, 2692 cm−1, 1735 cm−1, 1693 cm−1, 1475 cm−1, 1025 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.35-1.37 (m, 4H, Adipic acid, —CH2—), 1.50-1.53 (d, 3H, Ala, —CH3), 2.27-2.30 (m, 4H, Adipic acid, —CH2COOH), 3.64-3.71 (q, 1H, Ala, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 16.0 (Ala, —CH3), 23.7 (Adipic acid, —CH2—), 33.6 (Adipic acid, —CH2COOH), 50.4 (Ala, —CH(NH2)COOH), 175.6 (Ala, COOH), 178.9 (Adipic acid, COOH).<Working examples 137-139, 157-159, 177-179, 194-196, 211-213, 228-230, 245-247, 262-264, 279-281, 296-298, 313-315, 330-332, 350-352, 367-369, 384-386>Formulations (salts) 137-139, 157-159, 177-179, 194-196, 211-213, 228-230, 245-247, 262-264, 279-281, 296-298, 313-315, 330-332, 350-352, 367-369, 384-386

[0321] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 157 to obtain formulations (salts) 137 to 139, 157 to 159, 177 to 179, 194-196, 211-213, 228-230, 245-247, 262-264, 279-281, 296-298, 313-315, 330-332, 350-352, 367-369, 384-386.<Working example 160>>Formulation (salt) 157

[0322] L-alanine (8.91 g, 0.10 mol) and fumaric acid (11.60 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of arginine and adipic acid.Formulation (salt) 160

[0323] FT-IR (KBr): 3081 cm−1, 1735 cm−1, 1588 cm−1, 1025 cm−1, 658 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.39-1.43 (d, 3H, Ala, —CH3), 3.76-3.82 (q, 1H, Ala, CH(NH2)COOH), 6.71 (s, 2H, Fumaric acid, —CH═CH—). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 15.5 (Ala, —CH3), 50.3 (Ala, —CH(NH2)COOH), 134.6 (Fumaric acid, —CH═CH—), 169.7 (Fumaric acid, COOH), 174.8 (Ala, COOH).<Working examples 140, 160, 180, 197, 214, 231, 248, 265, 282, 299, 316, 333, 353, 370, 387>Formulations (salts) 140, 160, 180, 197, 214, 231, 248, 265, 282, 299, 316, 333, 353, 370, 387

[0324] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C prepared under the same condition as in Working example 160 to obtain formulations (salts) 140, 160, 180, 197, 214, 231, 248, 265, 282, 299, 316, 333, 353, 370, 387.<Working example 182>>Formulation (salt) 182>

[0325] L-aminobutyric acid (10.31 g, 0.10 mol) and citric acid (19.21 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 3 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a colorless liquid. The obtained liquid was cleaned to obtain a formulation (salt) of colorless liquid of γ-aminobutyric acid and citric acid. Formulation (salt) 182 FT-IR (KBr): 3441 cm−1, 3207 cm−1, 1708 cm−1, 1213 cm−1, 844 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.72-1.85 (quin, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 2.32-2.36 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 2.63-2.66 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.77-2.80 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.89-2.92 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 22.2 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 31.2 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 38.8 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 43.5 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 73.7 (Citric acid, —C(OH)COOH), 174.4 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 177.7 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, COOH), 178.3 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).<Working examples 141-143, 161-163, 181-183, 198-200, 215-217, 232-234, 249-251, 266-268, 283-285, 300-302, 317-319, 334-336, 354-256, 371-373, 388-390>Formulations (salts) 141-143, 161-163, 181-183, 198-200, 215-217, 232-234, 249-251, 266-268, 283-285, 300-302, 317-319, 334-336, 354-256, 371-373, 388-390

[0326] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 182 to obtain formulations (salts) 141 to 143, 161 to 163, 181 to 183, 198-200, 215-217, 232-234, 249-251, 266-268, 283-285, 300-302, 317-319, 334-336, 354-256, 371-373, 388-390. Spectroscopy data for representative formulations (salts) are listed below.Formulation (salt) 142

[0327] FT-IR (KBr): 3450 cm−1, 3171 cm−1, 1713 cm−1, 1215 cm−1, 950 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.66-2.70 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.82-2.86 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.52 (s, 2H, Gly, CH2(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 40.9 (Gly, CH2(NH2)COOH), 43.3 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 73.4 (Citric acid, —C(OH)COOH), 171.5 (Gly, CH2(NH2)COOH), 173.7 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 177.3 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).Formulation (salt) 249

[0328] FT-IR (KBr): 3423 cm−1, 3228 cm−1, 1715 cm−1, 1236 cm−1, 854 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.68-2.81 (qd, 2H, Ser, —CH2OH), 3.78-3.80 (t, 1H, Ser, —CH(NH2)COOH), 3.85-3.86 (d, 2H, Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 4.43-4.46 (t, 1H, Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 38.6 (Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 56.0 (Ser, —CH2OH), 59.9 (Ser, —CH(NH2)COOH), 67.0 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH), 171.8 (Ser, COOH), 174.7 (Malic acid, CH2COOH), 177.0 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH).Formulation (salt) 250

[0329] FT-IR (KBr): 3477 cm−1, 3211 cm−1, 1717 cm−1, 1217 cm−1, 845 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.71-2.74 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.87-2.91 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 3.82-3.83 (t, 1H, Ser, —CH(NH2)COOH), 3.66-3.80 (d, 2H, Ser, —CH2OH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 43.3 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 55.8 (Ser, —CH2OH), 59.9 (Ser, —CH(NH2)COOH), 73.4 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 171.7 (Ser, COOH), 173.4 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 177.2 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—).Formulation (salt) 354

[0330] FT-IR (KBr): 3424 cm−1, 3203 cm−1, 1775 cm−1, 1126 cm−1, 807 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.68-2.82 (m, 2H, Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 4.43-4.46 (t, 1H, Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 1.87-2.28 (m, 4H), 3.18-3.31 (m, 2H), 4.03-4.07 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2 hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 38.6 (Malic acid, —CH2—), 67.0 (Malic acid, —CHOH—), 174.1(Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 174.6 (Pro, COOH), 176.8 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 23.6, 28.9, 46.0, 61.0: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).Formulation (salt) 355

[0331] FT-IR (KBr): 3449 cm−1, 3203 cm−1, 1716 cm−1, 1218 cm−1, 845 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.71-2.75 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 2.88-2.92 (d, 2H, Citric acid, —CH2COOH). 1.86-2.29 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.34 (m, 2H), 4.05-4.09 (t, 1H): (Pro, CH2 hetero, CH hetero). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 43.3 (Citric acid, —CH2—), 73.4 (Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—), 173.6 (Citric acid, —CH2COOH), 174.0 (Pro, COOH), 177.1(Citric acid, —C(OH)(COOH)—). 23.6, 28.9, 46.0, 61.0: (Pro, CH2hetero, CH hetero).<Working example 184>Formulation (salt) 184

[0332] γ-aminobutyric acid (10.31 g, 0.10 mol) and benzoic acid (12.12.01, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 3 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of γ-aminobutyric acid and benzoic acid.Formulation (salt) 184

[0333] FT-IR (KBr): 2953 cm−1, 1752 cm−1, 1518 cm−1, 1388 cm−1, 1282 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.76-1.83 (quin, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 2.23-2.27 (t, 2H, γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 2.89-2.93 (d, 2H, citric acid, —CH2COOH), 7.37-7.41 (d, 2H, Benzoic acid, Ph), 7.47-7.50 (t, 1H, Benzoic acid, Ph), 7.81-7.83 (t, 2H, Benzoic acid, Ph). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.1 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2CH2CH2—), 33.2 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2NH2), 39.1 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, —CH2COOH), 128.9, 129.1, 131.8, 134.1 (Benzoic acid, Ph), 174.2 (γ-Aminobutyric acid, COOH), 180.2 (Benzoic acid, COOH).<Working examples 144, 164, 184, 201, 218, 235, 252, 269, 286, 303, 320, 337, 357, 374, 391>Formulations (salts) 144, 164, 184, 201, 218, 235, 252, 269, 286, 303, 320, 337, 357, 374, 391

[0334] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C prepared under the same condition as in Working example 184 to obtain formulations (salts) 144, 164, 184, 201, 218, 235, 252, 269, 286, 303, 320, 337, 357, 374 and 391.<Working example 165>Formulation (salt) 165

[0335] L-alanine (8.91 g, 0.10 mol) and L-ascorbic acid (17.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-alanine and L-ascorbic acid.Formulation (salt) 165

[0336] FT-IR (KBr): 3157 cm−1, 1791 cm−1, 1591 cm−1, 1110 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.37-1.39 (d, 3H, Ala, —CH3), 3.95-3.99 (q, 1H, Ala, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.64-3.74 (m, 3H), 4.81 (s, 1H): (Ascorbic acid, CHarom, —CH(OH)CH2OH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 15.6 (Ala, —CH3), 50.5 (Ala, —CH(NH2)COOH), 175.4 (Ala, COOH). 62.3, 68.5, 76.1, 117.2, 157.8, 173.8: (Ascorbic acid, CHeycio, —CH(OH)CH2OH).<Working examples 145, 146, 165, 166, 185, 186, 202, 203, 219, 220, 236, 237, 253, 254, 270, 271, 287, 288, 304, 305, 321, 322, 338, 339, 358, 359, 375, 376, 392, 393>Formulations (salts) 145, 146, 165, 166, 185, 186, 202, 203, 219, 220, 236, 237, 253, 254, 270, 271, 287, 288, 304, 305, 321, 322, 338, 339, 358, 359, 375, 376, 392, 393

[0337] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Tables 1B and 1C prepared under the same condition as in Working example 165 to obtain formulations (salts) 145, 146, 165, 166, 185, 186, 202, 203, 219, 220, 236, 237, 253, 254, 270, 271, 287, 288, 304, 305, 321, 322, 338, 339, 358, 359, 375, 376, 392 and 393.<Working example 414>Formulation (salt) 414

[0338] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and hexanoic acid (11.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and hexanoic acid.Formulation (salt) 414

[0339] FT-IR (KBr): 3197 cm−1, 1685 cm−1, 1509 cm−1, 1271 cm−1, 817 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 0.75-0.78 (t, 3H, Hexanoic acid, —CH3), 1.18-1.22 (m, 4H, Hexanoic acid, —CH2—), 1.48-1.52 (m, 2H, Hexanoic acid, —CH2—), 2.01-2.08 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.25-2.29 (t, 2H, Hexanoic acid, —CH2COOH), 2.44-2.48 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 3.69-3.72 (t, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 21.6 (Hexanoic acid), 24.0 (Hexanoic acid), 25.5 (Glu, —CH2—), 29.9 (Glu, —CH2COOH), 31.1, 33.8, (Hexanoic acid), 54.0 (Glu, CH(NH2)COOH), 173.7 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 177.0 (Glu, COOH), 179.5 (Hexanoic acid, COOH).<Working examples 394-398, 411-415>Formulations (salts) 394-398, 411-415

[0340] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 414 to obtain formulations (salts) 394-398 and 411-415.<Working example 416>Formulation (salt) 416

[0341] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and 50 wt. % of gluconic acid (38.32 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and gluconic acid.Formulation (salt) 416

[0342] FT-IR (KBr): 3411 cm−1, 3065 cm−1, 1734 cm−1, 1514 cm−1, 1353 cm−1, 1127 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.01-2.14 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.47-2.52 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 3.69-3.80 (t, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.53-3.68 (m, 4H), 4.03-4.05 (d, 1H), 4.31-4.34 (s, 1H): (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.4 (Glu, —CH2—), 29.8 (Glu, —CH2COOH), 53.7 (Glu, CH(NH2)COOH), 173.6 (Glu, CH(NH2)COOH), 176.3 (Gluconic acid, COOH), 176.9 (Glu, COOH). 62.3, 70.6, 71.0, 72.5, 79.6 (Gluconic acid, HOCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)COOH).<Working examples 399, 400, 416, 417>Formulations (salts) 399, 400, 416, 417

[0343] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 416 to obtain formulations (salts) 399, 400, 416, and 417.<Working example 418>Formulation (salt) 418

[0344] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and adipic acid (14.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and adipic acid.Formulation (salt) 418

[0345] FT-IR (KBr): 3031 cm−1, 2951 cm−1, 1756 cm−1, 1692 cm−1, 1508 cm−1, 1256 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.47-1.50 (m, 4H, Adipic acid, —CH2—), 1.97-2.11 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.27-2.31 (t, 4H, Adipic acid, —CH2COOH), 2.42-2.47 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 3.68-3.72 (t, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 23.6 (Adipic acid, —CH2—), 25.5 (Glu, —CH2—), 29.9 (Glu, CH2COOH), 33.4 (Adipic acid, —CH2COOH), 53.8 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 173.7 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 177.0 (Glu, COOH), 178.7 (Adipic acid, COOH).<Working examples 401-403, 418-420>Formulations (salts) 401-403, 418-420

[0346] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 418 to obtain formulations (salts) 401-403 and 418-420.<Working example 421>Formulation (salt) 421

[0347] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and fumaric acid (11.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and fumaric acid.Formulation (salt) 421

[0348] FT-IR (KBr): 3040 cm−1, 1748 cm−1, 1510 cm−1, 1444 cm−1, 727 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.98-2.12 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.44-2.49 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 3.73-3.77 (t, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 6.69 (s, 2H, Fumaric acid, —CH═CH—). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.3 (Glu, —CH2—), 29.7 (Glu, —CH2COOH), 53.5 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 134.2 (Fumaric acid, —CH═CH—), 169.6 (Fumaric acid, COOH), 173.4 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 176.7 (Glu, COOH).<Working examples 404 and 421>Formulations (salts) 404, 421

[0349] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 421 to obtain formulations (salts) 404 and 421.<Working example 422>Formulation (salt) 422

[0350] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and L-malic acid (13.41 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and L-malic acid.Formulation (salt) 422

[0351] FT-IR (KBr): 3041 cm−1, 1722 cm−1, 1511 cm−1, 1257 cm−1, 1102 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.10-2.16 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.48-2.52 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 2.72-2.86 (m, 2H, Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 3.77-3.80 (t, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 4.47-4.50 (t, 1H, Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.3 (Glu, —CH2—), 29.8 (Glu, —CH2COOH), 38.7 (Malic acid, —CH2COOH), 53.9 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 67.1 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH), 173.4 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 174.7 (Malic acid —CH2COOH), 176.6 (Glu, COOH), 176.9 (Malic acid, —CH(OH)COOH).<Working examples 405-407 and 422-424>Formulations (salts) 405-407 and 422-424

[0352] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 422 to obtain formulations (salts) 405-407 and 422-424.<Working example 425>Formulation (salt) 425

[0353] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and benzoic acid (12.12 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and benzoic acid.Formulation (salt) 425

[0354] FT-IR (KBr): 3030 cm−1, 1637 cm−1, 1509 cm−1, 1258 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 2.04-2.14 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.47-2.51 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 3.72-3.75 (t, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 7.46-7.50 (t, 2H, Benzoic acid, Ph), 7.60-7.62 (t, 1H, Benzoic acid, Ph), 7.95-7.97 (d, 2H, Benzoic acid, Ph). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.5 (Glu, —CH2—), 30.1 (Glu, —CH2COOH), 53.6 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 128.1, 128.9, 129.5, 129.7 (Benzoic acid, Ph), 173.8 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 175.6 (Benzoic acid, COOH), 177.1 (Glu, COOH).<Working examples 408, 425>Formulations (salts) 408, 425

[0355] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 425 to obtain formulations (salts) 408 and 425.<Working example 426>Formulation (salt) 426

[0356] L-glutamic acid (14.71 g, 0.10 mol) and L-ascorbic acid (17.61 g, 0.10 mol) were stirred in 50 mL of water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the water was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid formulation (salt) of L-glutamic acid and L-ascorbic acid.Formulation (salt) 426

[0357] FT-IR (KBr): 3055 cm−1, 1805 cm−1, 1509 cm−1, 1268 cm−1, 815 cm−1. 1HNMR (D2O, 400 MHz): 1.96-2.10 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2—), 2.42-2.47 (m, 2H, Glu, —CH2COOH), 3.72-3.75(m, 1H, Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH). 3.62-3.97 (m, 3H), 4.82 (s, 1H): (Ascorbic acid, CHCye io, —CH(OH)CH2OH). 13CNMR (D2O, 100 MHz): 25.4 (Glu, —CH2—), 29.9 (Glu, —CH2COOH), 53.7 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 173.7 (Glu, —CH(NH2)COOH), 176.9 (Glu, COOH). 62.0, 68.9, 76.3, 117.4, 173.6: (Ascorbic acid, CHeycio, —CH(OH)CH2OH).<Working examples 409, 410, 426 and 427>Formulations (organic salts) 409, 410, 426 and 427

[0358] Similarly, the components (A) and (B) were used in the compounding ratio as listed in Table 1D and prepared under the same condition as in Working example 426 to obtain formulations (salts) 409, 410, 426 and 427.2. Appearance of formulation (organic salt)

[0359] Formulations 1 to 427 shown in Tables 1A to 1D were prepared by the above-described method using the components (A) and (B) at the compounding molar ratios shown in the tables, and their states at 25° C. were observed.TABLE 1A-1Component (A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-lysine (9.75)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A):Component (B))Component (B)1:11:23:2Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 1:WorkingFormulation 22:——monocarboxylicexample 1Solidexample 22SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 2:WorkingFormulation 23:——example 2Solidexample 23SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 3:WorkingFormulation 24:——example 3Solidexample 24SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 4:WorkingFormulation 25:——example 4Solidexample 25SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 5:WorkingFormulation 26:——example 5Solidexample 26SolidIsostearic acidWorkingFormulation 6:WorkingFormulation 27:——example 6Solidexample 27SolidUnsaturatedOleic acidWorkingFormulation 7:WorkingFormulation 28:——aliphaticexample 7Solidexample 28Solidcarboxylic acidLinoleic acidWorkingFormulation 8:WorkingFormulation 29:——example 8Solidexample 29SolidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 9:WorkingFormulation 30:——monocarboxylicexample 9Liquidexample 30LiquidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 10:WorkingFormulation 31:——example10Solidexample 31SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 11:WorkingFormulation 32:——dicarboxylic acidexample11Solidexample 32Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 12:WorkingFormulation 33:——example12Solidexample 33SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 13:WorkingFormulation 34:——example13Solidexample 34SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 14:WorkingFormulation 35:——dicarboxylic acidexample14Liquidexample 35SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 15:WorkingFormulation 36:——di- orexample15Solidexample 36Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 16:——WorkingFormulation 37:example16Liquidexample 37LiquidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 17:WorkingFormulation 38:——example17Solidexample 38SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 18:WorkingFormulation 39:——carboxylic acidexample18Solidexample 39SolidCinnamic acidWorkingFormulation 19:WorkingFormulation 40:——example19Solidexample 40SolidHydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 20:WorkingFormulation 41:——group-containingexample20Solidexample 41Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 21:WorkingFormulation 42:——example21Liquidexample 42SolidTABLE 1A-2Component (A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-arginine (10.76)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A):Component (B))Component(B)1:11:23:2Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 43:WorkingFormulation 64:——monocarboxylicexample 43Solidexample 64SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 44:WorkingFormulation 65:——example 44Solidexample 65SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 45:WorkingFormulation 66:——example 45Solidexample 66SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 46:WorkingFormulation 67:——example 46Solidexample 67SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 47:WorkingFormulation 68:——example 47Solidexample 68SolidIsostearic acidWorkingFormulation48:WorkingFormulation69:——example 48Liquidexample 69LiquidUnsaturatedOleic acidWorkingFormulation49:WorkingFormulation70:——aliphaticexample 49Liquidexample 70Liquidcarboxylic acidLinoleic acidWorkingFormulation50:WorkingFormulation71:——example 50Liquidexample 71LiquidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation51:WorkingFormulation72:——monocarboxylicexample 51Liquidexample 72LiquidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation52:WorkingFormulation73:——example 52Liquidexample 73LiquidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 53:WorkingFormulation 74:——dicarboxylic acidexample 53Solidexample 74Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 54:WorkingFormulation 75:——example 54Solidexample 75SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 55:WorkingFormulation 76:——example 55Solidexample 76SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 56:WorkingFormulation 77:——dicarboxylic acidexample 56Solidexample 77SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 57:WorkingFormulation78:——di- orexample 57Liquidexample 78Liquidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 58:——WorkingFormulation 79:example 58Liquidexample 79LiquidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 59:WorkingFormulation80:——example 59Liquidexample 80LiquidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 60:WorkingFormulation81:——carboxylic acidexample 60Liquidexample 81SolidCinnamic acidWorkingFormulation 61:WorkingFormulation82:——example 61Solidexample 82SolidHydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 62:WorkingFormulation83:——group-containingexample 62Solidexample 83Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 63:WorkingFormulation84:——example63Solidexample 84SolidTABLE 1A-3Component (A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-histidine (7.59)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A):Component (B))Component(B)1:11:23:2Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 85:WorkingFormulation106:——monocarboxylicexample 85Solidexample106SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 86:WorkingFormulation107:——example 86Solidexample107SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 87:WorkingFormulation108:——example 87Solidexample108SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 88:WorkingFormulation109:——example 88Solidexample109SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 89:WorkingFormulation110:——example 89Solidexample110SolidIsostearic acidWorkingFormulation 90:WorkingFormulation111:——example 90Solidexample111SolidUnsaturatedOleic acidWorkingFormulation 91:WorkingFormulation112:——aliphaticexample 91Solidexample112Solidcarboxylic acidLinoleic acidWorkingFormulation 92:WorkingFormulation113:——example 92Solidexample113SolidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 93:WorkingFormulation114:——monocarboxylicexample 93Liquidexample114LiquidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 94:WorkingFormulation115:——example 94Solidexample115LiquidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 95:WorkingFormulation116:——dicarboxylic acidexample 95Solidexample116Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 96:WorkingFormulation107:——example 96Solidexample117SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 97:WorkingFormulation108:——example 97Solidexample118SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 98:WorkingFormulation109:——dicarboxylic acidexample 98Solidexample119SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 99:WorkingFormulation 120:——di- orexample 99Solidexample120Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation100:——WorkingFormulation121example 100Liquidexample121LiquidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation101:WorkingFormulation122:——example 101Solidexample122SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation102:WorkingFormulation123:——example 102Solidexample123Solidcarboxylic acidCinnamic acidWorkingFormulation103:WorkingFormulation124:——example 103Solidexample124SolidHydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation104:WorkingFormulation125:——group-containingexample 104Solidexample125Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation105:WorkingFormulation126:——example 105Solidexample126SolidTABLE 1B-1Component(A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)GlycineL-alanineγ-aminobutyric acid(5.97)(6.00)(7.85)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A):Component (B))Component(B)1:11:11:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingWorkingFormulation 147:WorkingFormulation 167:monocarboxylicexample127example147Solidexample167SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 128:WorkingFormulation 148:WorkingFormulation 168:example128Solidexample148Solidexample168SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 129:WorkingFormulation 149:WorkingFormulation 169:example129Solidexample149Solidexample169SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 130:WorkingFormulation 150:WorkingFormulation 170:example130Solidexample150Solidexample170SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 131:WorkingFormulation 151:WorkingFormulation 171:example131Solidexample151Solidexample171SolidIsostearic acidWorkingFormulation 132:WorkingFormulation 152:WorkingFormulation 172:example132Solidexample152Solidexample172SolidUnsaturatedOleic acidWorkingFormulation 133:WorkingFormulation 153:WorkingFormulation173:aliphaticexample133Solidexample153Solidexample173Liquidcarboxylic acidLinoleic acidWorkingFormulation 134:WorkingFormulation 154:WorkingFormulation 174:example134Solidexample154Solidexample174SolidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 135:WorkingFormulation 155:WorkingFormulation175:monocarboxylicexample135Solidexample155Solidexample175LiquidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 136:WorkingFormulation 156:WorkingFormulation176:example136Solidexample156Solidexample176LiquidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 137:WorkingFormulation 157:WorkingFormulation 177:dicarboxylic acidexample137Solidexample157Solidexample177Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 138:WorkingFormulation 158:WorkingFormulation 178:example138Solidexample158Solidexample178SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 139:WorkingFormulation 159:WorkingFormulation 179:example139Solidexample159Solidexample179SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 140:WorkingFormulation 160:WorkingFormulation 180:dicarboxylic acidexample140Solidexample160Solidexample180SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 141:WorkingFormulation 161:WorkingFormulation 181:di- orexample141Solidexample161Solidexample181Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 142:WorkingFormulation 162:WorkingFormulation182:example142Liquidexample162Solidexample182LiquidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 143:WorkingFormulation 163:WorkingFormulation 183:example143Solidexample163Solidexample183SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 144:WorkingFormulation 164:WorkingFormulation 184:example144Solidexample164Solidexample184Solidcarboxylic acidCinnamic acid——————HydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 145:WorkingFormulation 165:WorkingFormulation 185:group-containingexample145Solidexample165Solidexample185Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 146:WorkingFormulation 166:WorkingFormulation 186:example146Solidexample166Solidexample186SolidTABLE 1B-2Component (A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-valineL-leucineL-isoleucine(5.96)(5.98)(6.02)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A): Component (B))Component(B)1:11:11:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 187:WorkingFormulation204:WorkingFormulation221:monocarboxylicexample187Solidexample204Solidexample221SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 188:WorkingFormulation205:WorkingFormulation222:example188Solidexample205Solidexample222SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 189:WorkingFormulation206:WorkingFormulation223:example189Solidexample206Solidexample223SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 190:WorkingFormulation207:WorkingFormulation224:example190Solidexample207Solidexample224SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 191:WorkingFormulation208:WorkingFormulation225:example191Solidexample208Solidexample225SolidIsostearic acid——————UnsaturatedOleic acid——————aliphaticcarboxylic acidLinoleic acid——————Saturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 192:WorkingFormulation209:WorkingFormulation226:monocarboxylicexample192Solidexample209Solidexample226SolidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 193:WorkingFormulation210:WorkingFormulation227:example193Solidexample210Solidexample227SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 194:WorkingFormulation211:WorkingFormulation228:dicarboxylic acidexample194Solidexample211Solidexample228Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 195:WorkingFormulation212:WorkingFormulation229:example195Solidexample212Solidexample229SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 196:WorkingFormulation213:WorkingFormulation230:example196Solidexample213Solidexample230SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 197:WorkingFormulation214:WorkingFormulation231:dicarboxylic acidexample197Solidexample214Solidexample231SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 198:WorkingFormulation215:WorkingFormulation232:di- orexample198Solidexample215Solidexample232Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 199:WorkingFormulation216:WorkingFormulation233:example199Solidexample216Solidexample233SolidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 200:WorkingFormulation217:WorkingFormulation234:example200Solidexample217Solidexample234SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 201:WorkingFormulation218:WorkingFormulation235:example201Solidexample218Solidexample235Solidcarboxylic acidCinnamic acid——————HydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 202:WorkingFormulation219:WorkingFormulation236:group-containingexample202Solidexample219Solidexample236Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 203:WorkingFormulation220:WorkingFormulation237:example203Solidexample220Solidexample237SolidTABLE 1B-3Component(A)Amino acids(values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-serineL-threonine(5.68)(6.16)Compounding molar ratio(Component (A): Component (B))Component (B)1:11:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 238:WorkingFormulation 255:monocarboxylicexample238Solidexample255SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 239:WorkingFormulation 256:example239Solidexample256SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 240:WorkingFormulation 257:example240Solidexample257SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 241:WorkingFormulation 258:example241Solidexample258SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 242:WorkingFormulation 259:example242Solidexample259SolidIsostearic acid————UnsaturatedOleic acid————aliphaticLinoleic acid————carboxylic acidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 243:WorkingFormulation 260:monocarboxylicexample243Liquidexample260SolidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 244:WorkingFormulation 261:example244Solidexample261SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 245:WorkingFormulation 262:dicarboxylic acidexample245Solidexample262Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 246:WorkingFormulation 263:example246Solidexample263SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 247:WorkingFormulation 264:example247Solidexample264SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 248:WorkingFormulation 265:dicarboxylic acidexample248Solidexample265SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 249:WorkingFormulation 266:di- orexample249Liquidexample266Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 250:WorkingFormulation 267:example250Liquidexample267SolidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 251:WorkingFormulation 268:example251Solidexample268SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 252:WorkingFormulation 269:carboxylic acidexample252Solidexample269SolidCinnamic acid————HydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 253:WorkingFormulation 270:group-containingexample253Solidexample270Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 254:WorkingFormulation 271:example254Solidexample271SolidTABLE 1C-1Component(A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-aspartic acidL-glutamic acidL-cysteine(5.41)(5.65)(5.07)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A):Component (B))Component(B)1:11:11:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 272:WorkingFormulation 289:WorkingFormulation 306:monocarboxylicexample272Solidexample 289Solidexample 306SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 273:WorkingFormulation 290:WorkingFormulation 307:example273Solidexample 290Solidexample 307SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 274:WorkingFormulation 291:WorkingFormulation 308:example274Solidexample 291Solidexample 308SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 275:WorkingFormulation 292:WorkingFormulation 309:example275Solidexample 292Solidexample 309SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 276:WorkingFormulation 293:WorkingFormulation 310:example276Solidexample 293Solidexample 310SolidIsostearic acid——————UnsaturatedOleic acid——————aliphaticcarboxylic acidLinoleic acid——————Saturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 277:WorkingFormulation 294:WorkingFormulation 311:monocarboxylicexample277Solidexample 294Solidexample 311SolidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 278:WorkingFormulation 295:WorkingFormulation 312:example 278Solidexample 295Solidexample 312SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 279:WorkingFormulation 296:WorkingFormulation 313:dicarboxylic acidexample279Solidexample 296Solidexample 313Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 280:WorkingFormulation 297:WorkingFormulation 314:example280Solidexample 297Solidexample 314SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 281:WorkingFormulation 298:WorkingFormulation 315:example281Solidexample 298Solidexample 315SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 282:WorkingFormulation 299:WorkingFormulation 316:dicarboxylic acidexample282Solidexample 299Solidexample 316SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 283:WorkingFormulation 300:WorkingFormulation 317:di- orexample283Solidexample 300Solidexample 317Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 284:WorkingFormulation 301:WorkingFormulation 318:example284Solidexample 301Solidexample 318SolidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 285:WorkingFormulation 302:WorkingFormulation 319:example285Solidexample 302Solidexample 319SolicAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 286:WorkingFormulation 303:WorkingFormulation 320:example286Solidexample 303Solidexample 320Solidcarboxylic acidCinnamic acidHydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 287:WorkingFormulation 304:WorkingFormulation 321:group-containingexample287Solidexample 304Solidexample 321Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 288:WorkingFormulation 305:WorkingFormulation 322:example288Solidexample 305Solidexample 322SolidTABLE 1C-2Component(A)Amino acids (values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-methionineL-prolineL-phenylalanine(5.74)(6.30)(5.48)Compounding molar ratio (Component (A):Component (B))Component(B)1:11:11:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 323:WorkingFormulation 340:WorkingFormulation 360:monocarboxylicexample 323Solidexample340Solidexample360SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 324:WorkingFormulation 34:WorkingFormulation 361:example 324Solidexample341Solidexample361SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 325:WorkingFormulation 342:WorkingFormulation 362:example 325Solidexample342Solidexample362SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 326:WorkingFormulation 343:WorkingFormulation 363:lexample 326Solidexample343Salidexample363SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 327:WorkingFormulation 344:WorkingFormulation 364:example 327Solidexample344Solidexample364SolidIsostearic acid——WorkingFormulation 345:——example345LiquidUnsaturatedOleic acid——WorkingFormulation 346:——aliphaticexample346Liquidcarboxylic acidLinoleic acid——WorkingFormulation 347:——example347LiquidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 328:WorkingFormulation 348:WorkingFormulation 365:monocarboxylicexample 328Solidexample348Liquidexample365SolidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 329:WorkingFormulation 349:WorkingFormulation 366:example 329Solidexample349Liquidexample366SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 330:WorkingFormulation 350:WorkingFormulation 367:dicarboxylic acidexample 330Solidexample350Solidexample367Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 331:WorkingFormulation 351:WorkingFormulation 368:example 331Solidexample351Solidexample368SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 332:WorkingFormulation 352:WorkingFormulation 369:example 332Solidexample352Solidexample369SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 333:WorkingFormulation 353:WorkingFormulation 370:dicarboxylic acidexample 333Solidexample353Solidexample370SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 334:WorkingFormulation 354:WorkingFormulation 371:di- orexample 334Solidexample354Liquidexample371Salidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 335:WorkingFormulation 355:WorkingFormulation 372:example 335Solidexample355Liquidexample372SolidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 336:WorkingFormulation 356:WorkingFormulation 373:example 336Solidexample356Solidexample373SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 337:WorkingFormulation 357:WorkingFormulation 374:example 337Solidexample357Solidexample374Solidcarboxylic acidCinnamic acid——————HydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 338:WorkingFormulation 358:WorkingFormulation 375:group-containingexample 338Solidexample358Solidexample375Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 339:WorkingFormulation 359:WorkingFormulation 376:example 339Solidexample359Solidexample376SolidTABLE 1C-3Component (A)Amino acids (values inparentheses are isoelectric points)L-tryptophan(5.89)Compounding molar ratio(Component (A): Component (B))Component(B)1:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 377:monocarboxylicexample377SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 378:example378SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 379:example379SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 380:example380SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 381:example381SolidIsostearic acid——UnsaturatedOleic acid——aliphaticLinoleic acid——carboxylic acidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 382:monocarboxylicexample382SolidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 383:example383SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 384:dicarboxylic acidexample384Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 385:example385SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 386example386SolidUnsaturatedFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 387:aliphaticexample387SoliddicarboxylicacidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 388:di- orexample388Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 389:example389SolidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 390:example390SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 391:carboxylic acidexample391SolidCinnamic acid——HydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 392:group-containingexample392Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 393:example393SolidTABLE 1DComponent (A)Amino acids(values in parentheses are isoelectric points)L-aspartic acidL-glutamic acid(2.77)(3.22)Compounding molar ratio(Component (A): Component (B))Component (B)1:11:1Saturated aliphaticFormic acidWorkingFormulation 394:WorkingFormulation 411:monocarboxylicexample394Solidexample411SolidacidAcetic acidWorkingFormulation 395:WorkingFormulation 412:example395Solidexample412SolidPropionic acidWorkingFormulation 396:WorkingFormulation 413:example396Solidexample413SolidHexanoic acidWorkingFormulation 397:WorkingFormulation 414:example397Solidexample414SolidButyric acidWorkingFormulation 398:WorkingFormulation 415:example398Solidexample415SolidIsostearic acid————UnsaturatedOleic acid————aliphaticLinoleic acid————carboxylic acidSaturated hydroxyGluconic acidWorkingFormulation 399:WorkingFormulation 416:monocarboxylicexample399Solidexample416SolidacidLactic acidWorkingFormulation 400:WorkingFormulation 417:example400Solidexample417SolidSaturated aliphaticAdipic acidWorkingFormulation 401:WorkingFormulation 418:dicarboxylic acidexample401Solidexample418Solidsuccinic acidWorkingFormulation 402:WorkingFormulation 419:example402Solidexample419SolidL-glutamic acidWorkingFormulation 403:WorkingFormulation 420:example403Solidexample420SolidUnsaturated aliphaticFumaric acidWorkingFormulation 404:WorkingFormulation 421:dicarboxylic acidexample404Solidexample421SolidSaturated hydroxyL-malic acidWorkingFormulation 405:WorkingFormulation 422:di- orexample405Solidexample422Solidtricarboxylic acidCitric acidWorkingFormulation 406:WorkingFormulation 423:example406Solidexample423SolidTartaric acidWorkingFormulation 407:WorkingFormulation 424:example407Solidexample424SolidAromaticBenzoic acidWorkingFormulation 408:WorkingFormulation 425:carboxylic acidexample408Solidexample425SolidCinnamic acid————HydroxyL-ascorbic acidWorkingFormulation 409:WorkingFormulation 426:group-containingexample409Solidexample426Solidcyclic lactoneErythorbic acidWorkingFormulation 410:WorkingFormulation 427:example410Solidexample427SolidFrom the results in Tables 1A-ID, those of the working examples 9, 16, 30, 37, 48-52, 57-60, 69-73, 78-80, 93, 100, 114, 115, 121, 142, 173, 175, 176, 182, 243, 249, 250, 345-349, 354 and 355 were confirmed to be liquid at 25° C.This suggests that combinations of A to O as indicated in the description tend to be liquid.3. Water Retention Evaluation80 wt. % aqueous solutions of the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 428 to 459 and comparative examples 1 to 5 in Tables 2A and 2B were prepared, and the water contents were measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter (CA-200 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.). It was confirmed that the water contents of them were 20.0 wt. % (moisture content before test: A). Each of the 1.0 g samples was added to a screw tube, and left uncovered to stand still for 24 hours in a constant temperature and humidity bath (KCL-2000W manufactured by Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Ltd.) which was set at 35° C. and 25% RH. Moisture contents after being left for 24 hours were measured again (moisture content after test: B) to evaluate their water retention property by using the following formula for calculating the moisture reduction rates. After that, it was left to stand still until the moisture content remained unchanged, and determinations of the hydrate and the number of hydrated water were made based on the final moisture contents.Moisture content before test: A (%)Moisture content after test: B (%)Moisture⁢ reduction⁢ rate⁢ (%)=[(A⁢ (%)-B⁢ (%)) / A⁢ (%)]×100TABLE 2AWater retention test ofCompounding80 wt. % aqueous solutionmolar ratioMoistureMoisture(ComponentcontentcontentMoisturePresence orComponentComponent(A):ComponentState atbeforebeforeeductionabsence ofn-Formulation(A)(B)(B))25° C.test (A)test (B)ratehydrateshydrateWorkingFormulationL-lysineGluconic acid1:1Liquid20.0%15.4%22.9%PresentDihydrateexample 4289WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%16.8%16.0%PresentMono-example 42916hydrateWorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:2Liquid20.0%11.5%42.7%Present1.5-example 43030hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2Liquid20.0%15.5%22.4%PresentDihydrateexample 43137WorkingFormulationL-arginineGluconic acid1:1Liquid20.0%15.3%23.7%PresentMono-example 43251hydrateWorkingFormulationLactic acid1:1Liquid20.0%15.1%24.3%PresentMono-example 43352hydrateWorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1Liquid20.0%15.4%22.8%PresentMono-example 43457hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%15.6%21.8%Present1.5-example 43558hydrateWorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:1Liquid20.0%13.9%30.5%Present1.5-example 43659hydrateWorkingFormulationBenzoic acid1:1Liquid20.0%8.2%58.9%PresentDihydrateexample 43760WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:2Liquid20.0%13.6%31.9%Present1.5-example 43872hydrateWorkingFormulationLactic acid1:2Liquid20.0%10.2%49.3%PresentMono-example 43973hydrateWorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:2Liquid20.0%13.7%31.5%PresentMono-example 44078hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2Liquid20.0%15.1%24.3%PresentDihydrateexample 44179WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:2Liquid20.0%12.4%37.9%PresentMono-example 44280hydrateWorkingFormulationL-histidineGluconic acid1:1Liquid20.0%15.9%20.4%Present1.5-example 44393hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%16.9%15.4%PresentDihydrateexample 444100WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:2Liquid20.0%12.8%35.9%PresentMono-example 445114hydrateWorkingFormulationLactic acid1:2Liquid20.0%9.3%53.4%PresentMono-example 446115hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2Liquid20.0%13.8%30.9%PresentMono-example 447121hydrateWorkingFormulationL-lysineHexanoic acid1:1Solid20.0%8.0%60.2%Absent—example 4484ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid1:1Solid20.0%2.5%87.5%Absent—example 1428ComparativeFormulationL-lysineChloride1:1Solid20.0%6.4%68.2%Absent—example 2429ComparativeFormulationTetrabutylammonium bromide—Solid20.0%6.0%70.0%Absent—example 3430ComparativeFormulation1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium—Liquid20.0%5.7%71.5%Absent—example 4431tetrafluoroborateComparativeFormulationGlycerin—Liquid20.0%2.1%89.7%Absent—example 5432TABLE 2BWater retention test ofCompounding80 wt. % aqueous solutionmolar ratioMoistureMoisture(ComponentcontentcontentMoisturePresence orComponentComponent(A):ComponentState atbeforebeforeeductionabsence ofn-Formulation(A)(B)(B))25° C.test (A)test (B)ratehydrateshydrateWorkingFormulationGlycineCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%13.6%32.2%PresentHemi-example 449142hydrateWorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricGluconic acid1:1Liquid20.0%12.7%36.7%PresentMono-example 450175acidhydrateWorkingFormulationLactic acid1:1Liquid20.0%8.0%60.0%PresentMono-example 451176hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%14.2%29.0%PresentMono-example 452182hydrateWorkingFormulationL-serineGluconic acid1:1Liquid20.0%11.7%41.6%PresentMono-example 453243hydrateWorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1Liquid20.0%11.5%42.5%PresentMono-example 454249hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%12.2%39.2%Present1.5-example 455250hydrateWorkingFormulationL-prolineGluconic acid1:1Liquid20.0%10.6%46.8%PresentMono-example 456348hydrateWorkingFormulationLactic acid1:1Liquid20.0%7.0%64.9%PresentHemi-example 457349hydrateWorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1Liquid20.0%7.7%61.6%PresentHemi-example 458354hydrateWorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Liquid20.0%10.2%48.9%PresentMono-example 459355hydrateWorkingFormulationL-lysineHexanoic acid1:1Solid20.0%8.0%60.2%Absent—example 4484ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid1:1Solid20.0%2.5%87.5%Absent—example 1428ComparativeFormulationL-lysineChloride1:1Solid20.0%6.4%68.2%Absent—example 2429ComparativeFormulationTetrabutylammonium bromide—Solid20.0%6.0%70.0%Absent—example 3430ComparativeFormulation1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium—Liquid20.0%5.7%71.5%Absent—example 4431tetrafluoroborateComparativeFormulationGlycerin—Liquid20.0%2.1%89.7%Absent—example 5432As shown from the results in Tables 2A and 2B, the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 428 to 459 of 80 wt. % aqueous solutions had moisture reduction rates smaller than Comparative examples 1 to 5, and therefore they were excellent in water retention property.Comparison of the working examples 433, 439, and 446 with the comparative example 1 in which all of them employ lactic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt) shows that the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples have higher water retention properties, which therefore manifest superiority of the components (A).A comparison of the working examples 428 to 431 with the comparative example 2 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A) of the formulation (organic salt) manifests superiority of carboxylic acid as the component (B).Comparison of the working examples 428 to 459 with the comparative example 5a—a conventional water retention agent-shows that they are excellent in water retention property, which therefore suggests contributions of the combinations of components (A) and (B) to the water retention property.Comparison of the working examples 428 to 459 with comparative examples 3 and 4 of salt structures showed that they are excellent in water retention property, which therefore suggests usability of the combination of components (A) and (B) which can form salt structures.From the comparison among the formulation with a common the component (B), it was confirmed that the formulations having components (A) of amino acids with isoelectric points of more than 7 (working examples 428, 429, 432, 435, 443, 444, 450 and 452) are excellent in water retention property in comparison to the formulations having amino acids with isoelectric points of 4 or more and 7 or less (working examples 449, 453, 455, 456 and 459).It was suggested that among amino acids having isoelectric points of more than 7, amino acids having two or more nitrogen atoms are excellent in water retention property.As can be seen from comparison of the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 428 to 431 with the formulation (organic salt) of the working example 448 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A), the formulations having carboxylic acids as the component (B) that have a hydrogen-bonding functional group (hydroxy group and / or carboxy group) were shown to have superiorities. Further, as can be seen from comparison among the formulations with components (A) of amino acids having isoelectric points of more than 7, it was confirmed that the formulations having citric acid —a hydroxytricarboxylic acid—as components (B) in the working examples 429, 431, 435, 441, 444a and 447 and 452 were shown to be excellent in water retention property in comparison to the formulations in the working examples 428, 430, 432 to 434, 436 to 440, 442, 443, 445, 446, 450 and 451 having carboxylic acids as components (B) which are not citric acid.

[0373] This result suggests that the formulation of the present invention is suitable as a water retention agent used in, for example, cosmetics because of its excellent water retention property.4. Hygroscopicity Evaluation

[0374] The working examples 460 to 470 and the comparative example 6 in Table 3 were completely dried in a vacuum dryer at 60° C. for 18 hours, and then left to stand still at room temperature for 1 month whose moisture contents were then measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter (CA-200 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) to evaluate their hygroscopicity.TABLE 3CompoundingHygroscopicitymolar ratiotest(ComponentMoisturePresence orComponentComponent(A):ComponentState atcontentabsence ofFormulation(A)(B)(B))25° C.after testhydratesn-hydrateWorkingFormulationL-lysineOleic acid1:1Solid2.1%PresentMultihydrateexample 4607WorkingFormulationL-arginineIsostearic acid1:1Liquid6.5%PresentMultihydrateexample 46148WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1Liquid9.1%PresentMultihydrateexample 46249WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1Liquid4.5%PresentMultihydrateexample 46350WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid2:1Liquid0.8%PresentMultihydrateexample 46469WorkingFormulationOleic acid2:1Liquid9.4%PresentMultihydrateexample 46570WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid2:1Liquid0.9%PresentMultihydrateexample 46671WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricOleic acid1:1Liquid1.4%PresentMultihydrateexample 467173acidWorkingFormulationL-prolineIsostearic acid1:1Liquid0.2%PresentMultihydrateexample 468345WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1Liquid0.3%PresentMultihydrateexample 469346WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1Liquid0.8%PresentMultihydrateexample 470347ComparativeFormulationSodiumOleic acid—Solid0.0%——example 6433

[0375] From the results in Table 3, examples 460 to 470 had a higher moisture content in a saturated state than the comparative example 6 and were excellent in hygroscopicity.

[0376] When comparing the working examples 460, 462, 465, 467 and 469 (organic salt) with the comparative example 2 in which all of them employ oleic acids as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was confirmed that the formulations employing an amino acid as the component (A) were excellent, and therefore suitable as hygroscopic agents.

[0377] Among them, when comparing the component (A) among those having the same component (B) (i.e.; comparing examples 460, 462, 465 and 467 having amino acids of isoelectric points of more than 7 with examples 469 having an amino acid of an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less; comparing examples 461 and 464 having amino acids with isoelectric points of more than 7 with example 468 having an amino acid of an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less; comparing examples 463 and 466 having amino acids with isoelectric points of more than 7 with example 470 having an amino acid of isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less), amino acids with isoelectric points of more than 7 were excellent in hygroscopicity. Furthermore, it was confirmed that L-arginine is superior among amino acids having isoelectric points of more than 7.

[0378] From this, it was suggested that the one containing an amino acid having an isoelectric point of more than 7 as the component (A) is excellent in hygroscopicity. It will therefore be suggested that the formulation of the present invention is suitable as a hygroscopic agent used in, for example, cosmetics because of its excellent hygroscopicity.5. Sensory Evaluation 1

[0379] Each formulation (organic salt) described in examples 471-502 and comparative examples 7-9 in Tables 4A and 4B was diluted to a concentration of 20 wt. %, placed in a spray bottle, and was sprayed by a constant amount on the skin to evaluate their spreadability, moisture retention feeling, and non-stickiness when it was applied. Five panel members were randomly selected regardless of age and sex, and the average values were calculated and used as the evaluation values.

[0380] As for the spreadability after application, an aqueous solution of each formulation (organic salt) was applied to the skin, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the formulation was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where a spreadability was felt significantly, 3 was given to examples where a spreadability was felt, and 1 was given to examples where no spreadability was felt.

[0381] As for the moisture retention feeling after application, an aqueous solution of each formulation (organic salt) was applied to the skin, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the formulation was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where a moisture retention feeling was felt significantly, 3 was given to examples where a moisture retention feeling was felt, and 1 was given to examples where no moisture retention feeling was felt.

[0382] As for the non-stickiness after application, an aqueous solution of each formulation (organic salt) was applied to the skin, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the formulation was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where a non-stickiness was felt significantly, 3 was given to examples where a non-stickiness was felt, and 1 was given to examples where no non-stickiness was felt.TABLE 4ACompoundingSensory evaluation 1molar ratioMoistureComponentComponent(ComponentretentionNonFormulation(A)(B)(A):Component (B))SpreadabilityfeelingstickinessWorkingFormulationL-lysineGluconic acid1:14.14.83.5example 4719WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:14.74.04.7example 47216WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:24.24.53.8example 47330WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:24.84.34.5example 47437WorkingFormulationL-arginineGluconic acid1:13.54.83.5example 47551WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:14.04.04.0example 47652WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:14.04.04.5example 47757WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:14.74.04.8example 47858WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:13.04.03.5example 47959WorkingFormulationBenzoic acid1:13.04.53.0example 48060WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:23.54.54.0example 48172WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:24.54.54.8example 48273WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:24.04.54.0example 48378WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:24.74.04.8example 48479WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:23.04.03.5example 48580WorkingFormulationL-histidineGluconic acid1:13.04.53.0example 48693WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:15.04.84.8example 487100WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:24.04.04.0example 488114WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:24.54.04.5example 489115WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:24.54.74.5example 490121WorkingFormulationL-lysineHexanoic acid1:13.23.53.2example 4914ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid1:11.21.42.4example7428ComparativeFormulationL-lysineChloride1:11.41.52.2example8429ComparativeFormulationGlycerin—2.83.32.1example9432TABLE 4BCompoundingSensory evaluation 1molar ratioMoistureComponentComponent(ComponentretentionNonFormulation(A)(B)(A):Component (B))SpreadabilityfeelingstickinessWorkingFormulationGlycineCitric acid1:14.84.54.8example 492142WorkingFormulationγ-Gluconic acid1:13.34.23.2example 493175aminobutyricWorkingFormulationacidLactic acid1:14.74.23.6example 494176WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:14.64.54.5example 495182WorkingFormulationL-serineGluconic acid1:14.14.43.3example 496243WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:14.54.64.6example 497249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:14.74.74.6example 498250WorkingFormulationL-prolineGluconic acid1:14.34.14.1example 499348WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:14.73.74.5example 500349WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:14.64.54.5example 501354WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:14.84.54.8example 502355WorkingFormulationL-lysineHexanoic acid1:13.23.53.2example 4914ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid1:11.21.42.4example 7428ComparativeFormulationL-lysineChloride1:11.41.52.2example 8429ComparativeFormulationGlycerin—2.83.32.1example 9432As can be seen from Tables 4A and 4B, it was confirmed that the working examples 471 to 502 using the formulation (organic ammonium salt(s)) of the present invention were superior to the comparative examples 7 to 9, in any of the feelings of use including spreadability, moisture retention feeling and non-stickiness.

[0384] When comparing the working examples 476, 482, 489, 494 and 500 (organic salt) with the comparative example 7 in which all of them employ lactic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was confirmed that the formulations employing an amino acid as the component (A) were excellent.

[0385] A comparison of the working examples 471 to 474 with the comparative example 8 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A) of the formulation (organic salt) shows that formulations having carboxylic acid as the component (B) exhibited favorable feeling of use.

[0386] Furthermore, the formulations (organic salts) of examples 471 to 502 were also compared with the comparative example 9—a general water retention agent-indicating structural superiority of the formulation (organic salt) of the component (A) having a cationic residue of the invention and the component (B) having an anionic residue of the invention.

[0387] As can be seen from comparison of the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 471 to 474 with the formulation (organic salt) of the working example 491 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A) of the formulation, the formulations having carboxylic acids as the component (B) that have a hydrogen-bonding functional group (hydroxy group and / or carboxy group) were shown to have superiorities.

[0388] Furthermore, the formulations of the working examples 472, 474, 477, 478, 483 484, 487, 490, 492, 495, 497, 498, 501 and 502 had favorable feelings of use, where they each contains: as the component (A) an amino acid having an isoelectric point of more than 7 or an amino acid having an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less; and as the component (B) L-malic acid or citric acid.

[0389] It will therefore be suggested that the formulation of the present invention is suitable as, for example, a cosmetic because of its excellent feelings of use when applied to the skin6. Sensory Evaluation 2

[0390] For each formulation (organic salt) described in the working examples 503 to 514 and comparative examples 10 and 11 in Table 5, the formulations (organic salt) obtained in “4. Hygroscopicity evaluation” (they were left to stand still at room temperature for 1 month) were used as evaluation samples. The evaluation concentration was calculated from the moisture content obtained in the above-described test. As the evaluation method, the evaluation samples were each applied to the skin by a constant amount to evaluate their spreadability, refreshing feeling and non-stickiness when applied to the skin. Five panel members were randomly selected regardless of age and sex, and the average values were calculated and used as the evaluation values.

[0391] As for the spreadability after application, each of the evaluation materials was applied to the skin, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the formulation was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where a spreadability was felt significantly, 3 was given to examples where a spreadability was felt, and 1 was given to examples where no spreadability was felt.

[0392] As for the refreshing feeling after application, each of the evaluation materials was applied to the skin, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the material was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where a refreshing feeling was felt significantly, 3 was given to examples where a refreshing feeling was felt, and 1 was given to examples where no refreshing feeling was felt.

[0393] As for the non-stickiness after application, each of the evaluation materials was applied to the skin, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the material was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where no stickiness was felt, 3 was given to examples where a subtle stickiness was felt, and 1 was given to examples with stickiness.TABLE 5Compoundingmolar ratioSensory evaluation 2ComponentComponent(ComponentConcentrationRefreshingNonFormulation(A)(B)(A):Component (B))(wt. %)SpreadabilityfeelingstickinessWorkingFormulationL-lysineOleic acid1:1984.14.84.4example 5037WorkingFormulationL-arginineIsostearic acid1:1943.14.44.1example 50448WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1914.64.74.5example 50549WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1963.13.13.2example 50650WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid1:2994.54.54.5example 50769WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:2914.84.94.7example 50870WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:2993.13.13.2example 50971WorkingFormulationγ-Isostearic acid1:1993.33.53.2example 510172aminobutyricWorkingFormulationacidOleic acid1:1993.54.13.1example 511173WorkingFormulationL-prolineIsostearic acid1:1994.54.84.6example 512345WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1994.84.74.8example 513346WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1994.84.64.8example 514347ComparativeFormulationSodiumOleic acid—991.01.01.0example 10433ComparativeFormulationPetrolatum—992.62.82.1example 11434

[0394] As can be seen from Table 5, it was confirmed that the working examples 503 to 514 using the formulation (organic ammonium salt(s)) of the present invention were superior to the comparative examples 10 and 11 which are used as conventional cosmetic oil-based base materials in any of the feelings of use including spreadability, refreshing feeling and non-stickiness when applied to the skin.

[0395] When comparing the working examples 503, 505, 508, 511 and 513 (organic salt) with the comparative example 10 in which all of them employ oleic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was confirmed that formulations employing amino acids as the component (A) were excellent.

[0396] The formulations of the working examples 507, 508, and 512-514 particularly had favorable feelings of use. Furthermore, the comparisons between the working examples 504 and 507 and between the working examples 505 and 508 showed superior feelings of use for the formulations having components (A) and (B) in the compounding ration of 1:2. It will therefore be suggested that the formulation (organic salt) of the present invention is suitable as a cosmetic because of its excellent feelings of use when applied to the skin.7. Adhesiveness to Hair 1

[0397] 80 wt. % aqueous solutions of the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 515 to 544 and comparative examples 12 to 16 in Tables 6A and 6B were prepared, and the water contents were measured using a Karl Fischer moisture meter (KF-200 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.). It was confirmed that the water contents of them were 20.0 wt. %. As the healthy hair, chemically untreated healthy hair (manufactured by Beaulax Co.,Ltd., black human hair) was used.

[0398] 0.05 g of hairs (hair weight A before test) were respectively immersed for 60 minutes in 3.0 g of 80 wt. % aqueous solutions of the working examples 515 to 544 and comparative examples 12 to 16. After the immersion, the hairs were each taken out and the composition (organic salt) was wiped off with a Kimwipe until no change in weight had been observed, after which their weight were measured (hair weight B after the test).

[0399] The adhesion rate of the formulation (organic salt) to hair was calculated using the following formula.Adhesion⁢ rate⁢ (%)⁢ of⁢ formulation⁢ (organic⁢ salt)=[(hair⁢ weight⁢ B⁢ (g)⁢ after⁢ test-hair⁢ weight⁢ A⁢ (g)⁢ before⁢ test) / hair⁢ weight⁢ A⁢ (g)⁢ before⁢ test]×100TABLE 6ACompoundingmolar ratioAdhesionComponentComponent(Component (A):rate ofFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))formulationWorkingFormulationL-lysineGluconic acid1:11.7%example5159WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:11.6%example51616WorkingFormulationL-arginineGluconic acid1:11.7%example51751WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:11.5%example51852WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:11.9%example51957WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12.0%example52058WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:11.4%example52159WorkingFormulationBenzoic acid1:11.2%example52260WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:21.7%example52372WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:21.4%example52473WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:21.8%example52578WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:21.9%example52679WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:21.8%example52780WorkingFormulationL-histidineGluconic acid1:12.1%example52893WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12.1%example529100WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:21.5%example530114WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:21.3%example531115WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:21.6%example532121WorkingFormulationL-lysineHexanoic acid1:11.3%example5334ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid1:10.4%example12428ComparativeFormulationL-lysineChloride1:10.6%example13429ComparativeFormulationTetrabutylammonium bromide—1.0%example14430ComparativeFormulation1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium—0.6%example15431tetrafluoroborateComparativeFormulationGlycerin—1.1%example16432TABLE 6BCompoundingmolar ratioAdhesionComponentComponent(Component (A):rate ofFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))formulationWorkingFormulationGlycineCitric acid1:12.1%example534142WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricGluconic acid1:12.5%example535175acidWorkingFormulationLactic acid1:11.5%example536176WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12.3%example537182WorkingFormulationL-serineGluconic acid1:11.7%example538243WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:11.7%example539249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:11.8%example540250WorkingFormulationL-prolineGluconic acid1:11.7%example541348WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:11.4%example542349WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:12.0%example543354WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12.2%example544355WorkingFormulationL-lysineHexanoic acid1:11.3%example5334ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid1:10.4%example12428ComparativeFormulationL-lysineChloride1:10.6%example13429ComparativeFormulationTetrabutylammonium bromide—1.0%example14430ComparativeFormulation1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium—0.6%example15431tetrafluoroborateComparativeFormulationGlycerin—1.1%example16432As shown from the results in Tables 6A and 6B, the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 515 to 544 had adhesions to the healthy hairs which were superior to those of comparative examples 12 to 16.When comparing the working examples 518, 524, 531, 536 and 542 (organic salt) with the comparative example 12 in which all of them employ lactic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was confirmed that the formulations employing an amino acid as the component (A) were excellent.

[0402] A comparison of the working examples 515 to 516 with the comparative example 13 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A) of the formulation (organic salt) manifests superiority of carboxylic acid as the component (B).

[0403] Comparison of the working examples 515 to 544 with the comparative example 16 shows that they are excellent in adhesion to the hair, which therefore suggests contributions of the combinations of components (A) and (B) to the adhesiveness to the hair.

[0404] Comparison of the working examples 515 to 544 with comparative examples 14 and 15 of salt structures shows that they are excellent in the adhesiveness to the hair, which therefore suggests that the combinations of components (A) and (B), potentially forming salt structures, are useful in terms of adhesiveness to the hair.

[0405] As can be seen from comparison of the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 515 and 516 with the formulation (organic salt) of the working example 533 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A) of the formulation, the formulations having carboxylic acids as the component (B) that have a hydrogen-bonding functional group (hydroxy group and / or carboxy group) were shown to have superiorities.

[0406] Further, as can be seen from comparisons of the formulations (organic salts) between the working examples 518 and 523 and between the working examples 523 and 524 in which all of them employ L-lysine as the component (A) of the formulation, it was suggested that a carboxylic acid having a plurality of hydroxy groups in the hydrocarbon moiety carboxylic acids as the component (B) is shown to have superiority.

[0407] As can be seen from comparison of the formulations (organic salts) among the working examples 518 to 520 and 524 to 526 in which all of them employ L-arginine as the component (A) of the formulation, it was suggested that citric acid having a plurality of carboxy groups in the hydrocarbon moiety as the component (B) is shown to have superiority.

[0408] This result suggests excellency in adhesiveness of a formulation (organic salt) having functional group(s) (hydroxy group, carboxyl group, etc.) interacting with the hydrogen-bonding functional groups of proteins on the surface of the hair.8. Adhesion to Hair 2

[0409] For the working examples 545 to 555 and comparative examples 17 and 18 in Table 7, the formulations (organic salts) as prepared according to “4. Hygroscopicity evaluation” were used in the same manner as explained in “7. Adhesiveness to hair 1” to evaluate their adhesiveness.TABLE 7Compoundingmolar ratioAdhesionComponentComponent(Component (A):rate ofFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))formulationWorkingFormulationL-lysineOleic acid1:11.4%example7545WorkingFormulationL-arginineIsostearic acid1:11.6%example48546WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:11.7%example49547WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:11.7%example50548WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid1:21.3%example69549WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:21.2%example70550WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:21.3%example71551WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricOleic acid1:11.8%example173acid552WorkingFormulationL-prolineIsostearic acid1:11.5%example345553WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:11.6%example346554WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:11.7%example347555ComparativeFormulationSodiumOleic acid—0.9%example17433ComparativeFormulationLiquid paraffin—0.9%example18435

[0410] As shown from the results in Table 7, the formulations (organic salts) of the working examples 545 to 555 had adhesions to the healthy hairs which were superior to those of comparative examples 17 and 18 which are used as conventional cosmetic oil-based base materials.

[0411] When comparing the working examples 545, 547, 550 and 552 (organic salt) with the comparative example 17 in which all of them employ oleic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was confirmed that formulations employing amino acids as the component (A) were excellent.9. Antibacterial Property

[0412] The following reagents, etc, were used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement and halo test.

[0413] Staphylococcus aureus: strain of NBRC15035, NITE

[0414] Escherichia coli: strain of NBRC 15035, NITE

[0415] Potassium lactate manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical

[0416] Medium of Muller-Hinton broth: Becton, Dickinson and Company

[0417] Media for revival of L-dried specimens “DAIGO” manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical

[0418] Calcium chloride manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical

[0419] Magnesium chloride manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical

[0420] Skim milk: Megmilk Snow Brand

[0421] Meat extract: from Solabia Biokar Diagnostics

[0422] Peptone: from Solabia Biokar Diagnostics

[0423] Sodium chloride manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical

[0424] Agar manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical9-1. Antibacterial Property Evaluation 1 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for Formulation (Organic Salt)

[0425] Working examples 556 to 583 and the comparative example 19 shown in Tables 8A and 8B were subjected to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by the broth microdilution method (as described in the standard method of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy) to study antibacterial activities of the formulations (organic salt). Formulation (organic salt) concentrations at 250, 200, 150, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 8, 4, 2, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg / mL were evaluated, and the MICs are shown in Tables 8A and 8B.TABLE 8ARatio of the total number ofamino groups to the totalCompoundingnumber of carboxy groupsmolar ratio(Total number of aminoMIC(Componentgroups / Total number of(mg / mL)ComponentComponent(A):Componentcarboxy groups) inState atStaphylococcusEscherichiaFormulation(A)(B)(B))components (A) and (B)25° C.aureuscoliWorkingFormulationL-lysineCitric acid1:10.50Liquid88example 55616(hydrate)WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:20.67Liquid825example 55730(hydrate)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:20.86Liquid12.525example 55837(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-arginineL-malic acid1:10.67Liquid2525example 55957(hydrate)WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:10.50Liquid812.5example 56058(hydrate)WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:10.67Liquid88example 56159(hydrate)WorkingFormulationBenzoic acid1:11.00Liquid2525example 56260(hydrate)WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:20.67Liquid12.525example 56372(hydrate)WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:20.67Liquid48example 56473(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:20.40Liquid48example 56578(hydrate)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:20.86Liquid2550example 56679(hydrate)WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:20.40Liquid44example 56780(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:10.50Liquid88example 568100(hydrate)WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:20.67Liquid12.525example 569114(hydrate)WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:20.67Liquid48example 570115(hydrate)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:20.86Liquid2525example 571121(hydrate)ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid——Solid150100example 19428TABLE 8BRatio of the total number ofamino groups to the totalCompoundingnumber of carboxy groupsmolar ratio(Total number of aminoMIC(Componentgroups / Total number of(mg / mL)ComponentComponent(A):Componentcarboxy groups) inState atStaphylococcusEscherichiaFormulation(A)(B)(B))components (A) and (B)25° C.aureuscoliWorkingFormulationGlycineCitric acid1:10.25Liquid24example 572142(hydrate)WorkingFormulationγ-Lactic acid1:10.50Liquid48example 573176aminobutyric(hydrate)WorkingFormulationacidCitric acid1:10.25Liquid44example 574182(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-serineGluconic acid1:10.50Liquid48example 575243(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:10.33Liquid24example 576249(hydrate)WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:10.25Liquid44example 577250(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-prolineGluconic acid1:10.50Liquid88example 578348(hydrate)WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:10.50Liquid44example 579349(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:10.33Liquid44example 580354(hydrate)WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:10.25Liquid44example 581355(hydrate)WorkingFormulationL-ascorbic acid1:10.50Solid88example 582358WorkingFormulationErythorbic acid1:10.50Solid88example 583359ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acid——Solid150100example 19428From the results in Tables 8A and 8B, examples 556 to 583 showed antimicrobial activities that were higher than that of the comparative example 19, and their MICs were 2 mg / mL to 50 mg / mL.

[0427] When comparing the working examples 564, 570, 573, 579 (organic salt) with the comparative example 19 in which all of them employ lactic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was confirmed that the formulations employing an amino acid as the component (A) were excellent.

[0428] As can be seen from comparison of the formulations (organic salts) among the working examples 556, 558, 560, 566, 568, 571, 572, 574, 577 and 581 in which all of them employ citric acid as the component (B) of the formulation, it was shown that the component (A) of amino acids having isoelectric points of 4 or more and 7 or less tend to have superior antibacterial activity to those having isoelectric points of more than 7.

[0429] It was conformed that a formulation having a value of 1 or less with respect to a ratio of the total number of amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the components (A) and (B) (Tables 8A and 8B) has an excellent antibacterial activity.9-2. Antibacterial Property Evaluation 2 of Formulation (Organic Salt) (Halo Test 1)

[0430] A halo test with Staphylococcus aureus was performed based on JISL1902, 21 μm / m test strips of filter paper for KIRIYAMA ROHTO (Manufactured by Kiriyama glass.CO.) were each used and put on a culture media containing the microbials to which a 100Lp aqueous solution of the formulation (organic salt) (working examples 584 and 585 and comparative examples 20 and 21) was dropped at a concentration as shown in Table 9. After that, culture was performed, and the presence or absence of halos was visually confirmed, which is as shown in Table 9.9-3. Adhesiveness Evaluation and Antibacterial Property Evaluation 3 of Formulation (Organic Salt) (Halo Test 2)9-3-1. Adhesiveness Evaluation

[0431] Into 21 μm / m filter papers for KIRIYAMA ROHTO (Manufactured by Kiriyama glass.CO.) were each dropped a 100Lp aqueous solution of the formulation (organic salt) (working examples 584 and 585) at an concentration as shown in Table 9, and subjected to vacuum dehydration for 8 hours at 60° C. The adhesion rates of the samples were each calculated from the weight change of the filter paper (Table 9). As a blank test, 100 μL of water was dropped on the filter paper, and this filter paper was dried in a vacuum. The change in weight was measured and used as the correction value.Weight⁢ of⁢ adhered⁢ sample=Weight⁢ of⁢ filter⁢ paper⁢ after⁢ drying⁢ (mg)-Weight⁢ of⁢ filter⁢ paper⁢ before⁢ test⁢ (mg)+correction⁢ value⁢ (1.15 mg)AWeight⁢ of⁢ applied⁢ sample=Weight⁢ of⁢ 100⁢ μL⁢ aqueous⁢ solution⁢ (mg)×concentration⁢ (wt. %) / 100BAdhesion⁢ rate⁢ (%)=100×A / B9-3-2. Halo Test 2

[0432] A halo test with Staphylococcus aureus was performed based on JISL1902 using filter papers as test strips which were each subjected to vacuum dehydration for 8 hours at 60° C. after dropping the respective aqueous solution of the formulation (organic salt) according to 9-3-1. After the test, culture was performed, and the presence or absence of halos was visually confirmed, which is as shown in Table 9.TABLE 9Compoundingmolar ratioHalo test 1Halo test 2(ComponentPresenceAdhesionPresenceComponentComponent(A):ComponentState atConcentrationor absencerateor absenceFormulation(A)(B)(B))25° C.(Wt. %)of halo(%)of haloWorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:1Liquid10Present94.3Presentexample584249(hydrate)WorkingFormulation50Present92.8Presentexample585249ComparativeFormulationEthanol—Liquid10Absent——example20436ComparativeFormulation50Absent——example21436

[0433] The ethanol, which is widely known for its bactericidal and antibacterial effects, was volatilized during the culture and could not exhibit an antibacterial effect, and no halo was observed. In contrast, halos were observed in the formulations of the working examples. It will therefore be suggested that the formulations of the present invention are not volatile, and remain involatile on the filter paper which in turn allows the formulations to have long-lasting antibacterial properties.

[0434] It was conformed that the ethanol was volatilized in the halo test 2, and did not adhere to the filter paper, whereas the formulations of the working examples adhered well to the filter paper having a hydrogen-bonding functional group since the formulations of the working examples each has a hydrogen-bonding functional group, and the formulations were non-volatile after subjecting them to heat vacuum dehydration, and exhibited long-lasing antibacterial activity for a long period of time.9-4. Stability Evaluation and Solubility Evaluations of Poorly-Soluble Substances to the Formulations.

[0435] Into 20 wt. % aqueous solutions of the formulations (organic salts) shown in Table 10 are dissolved methylparaben (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei, hereinafter, paraben) at 1.0 wt. %, 0.5 wt. % and 0.25 wt. % at 80° C. to prepare the respective antibacterial compositions. The composition was then left to stand still at 25° C. for 24 hours under closed conditions, and the appearance of each antibacterial composition was visually observed to evaluate the solubility according to the following criteria (Table 10).

[0436] ⊚: 1.0 wt. % or more; no crystal precipitation was observed

[0437] o: 0.5 wt. % or more and less than 1.0 wt. %; no crystal precipitation was observed

[0438] Δ: 0.25 wt. % or more and less than 0.5 wt. %; no crystal precipitation was observed

[0439] x: less than 0.25 wt. %; no crystal precipitation was observed

[0440] Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (hereinafter referred to as AE) which is an antiviral substance recognized to be effective against viruses was also subjected to the similar procedure to evaluate the solubility based on the above-mentioned criteria. As the AE, Peletex 2465, manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fats Co., Ltd., was used. (Table 10)TABLE 10CompoundingSolubility into 20molar ratiowt. % aqueous solutionComponentComponentState at(Componentof the formulationsFormulation(A)(B)25° C.(A):Component (B))ParabenAEWorkingFormulationL-arginineBenzoic acidLiquid1:1⊚⊚example 58660WorkingFormulationL-arginineGluconic acidLiquid2:1◯⊚example 58772WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acidLiquid1:1◯⊚example 588100WorkingFormulationL-histidineGluconic acidLiquid2:1◯⊚example 589114WorkingFormulationL-histidineLactic acidLiquid2:1⊚⊚example 590115WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricCitric acidLiquid1:1⊚⊚example 591182acidWorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acidLiquid1:1◯⊚example 592249WorkingFormulationL-serineCitric acidLiquid1:1◯⊚example 593250WorkingFormulationL-prolineL-malic acidLiquid1:1⊚⊚example 594354WorkingFormulationL-prolineCitric acidLiquid1:1⊚⊚example 595355WorkingFormulationL-prolineAscorbic acidSolid1:1◯⊚example 596358ComparativeFormulationPotassiumLactic acidSolid1:1X⊚example 22428ComparativeFormulationL-prolineChlorideSolid1:1X⊚example 23437ComparativeFormulationTetrabutylammonium bromideSolid—X⊚example 24430ComparativeFormulation1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumSolid—X⊚example 25431tetrafluoroborateComparativeFormulationWaterLiquid—Δ⊚example 26438

[0441] It was observed that the formulations (organic salt) of the present invention favorably dissolve poorly soluble antibacterial agents and other antiviral substances, and no crystals precipitate was observed after being left to stand still at 25° C. for 24 hours, thereby providing a stable solution. Accordingly, the formulation of the present invention imparted antibacterial or antiviral property by adding, for example, an antibacterial agent. It is suggested that an antibacterial composition can be obtained thereby.

[0442] When comparing the working example 590 (organic salt) with the comparative example 22 in which both of them employ lactic acid as the component (B) of the formulation (organic salt), it was observed that the formulations employing amino acid as the component (A) tend to have a high solubility to paraben.

[0443] A comparison of the working examples 594 to 596 with the comparative example 23 in which all of them employ L-proline as the component (A) of the formulation (organic salt) shows superiority of carboxylic acid as the component (B).

[0444] A comparison of the working examples 586 to 596 with the comparative examples 24 and 25 of salt structures shows that they are excellent in solubility of poorly-soluble substances, which therefore suggests that the combinations of components (A) and (B), potentially forming salt structures, are useful in terms of solubility of poorly-soluble substances.9-5. Antibacterial Evaluation of Antibacterial Composition (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)

[0445] Antibacterial compositions prepared to have the composition having the components (A) and (B) and paraben in an equal amount (working examples 597 to 612, wherein 1.0 mg / mL of paraben and 1.0 mg / mL of the respective working examples 597 to 612 are combined to be 2.0 mg / mL of the composition); the comparative example 27 containing only of water and paraben (at the concentration of 1.0 mg / mL of paraben); and reference example 1 containing L-lysine and citric acid (at the concentration of 1.0 mg / mL) were each subjected to a test performed by a method similar to and as explained in the section of 9-1 based on the presence or absence of the bacterial growth to evaluate the presence or absence of the antibacterial activity.TABLE 11Total concentration ofantibacterial agentsCompounding(mg / mL)molar ratio(concentration of the(Componentformulation (mg / mL) +ComponentComponent(A):ComponentConcentration of parabeAntibacterialFormulation(A)(B)(B))(mg / mL))activity isWorkingFormulationL-lysineCitric acid1:12presentexample 59716(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-arginineL-malic acid1:12presentexample 59857(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12presentexample 59958(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:12presentexample 60059(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationBenzoic acid1:12presentexample 60160(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-malic acid2:12presentexample 60278(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:22presentexample 60379(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationTartaric acid2:12presentexample 60480(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:12presentexample 605100(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:22presentexample 606121(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationGlycineCitric acid1:12presentexample 607142(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricCitric acid1:12presentexample 608182acid(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:12presentexample 609249(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-serineCitric acid1:12presentexample 610250(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-prolineL-malic acid1:12presentexample 611354(1 + 1)WorkingFormulationL-prolineCitric acid2:12presentexample 612355(1 + 1)ComparativeFormulationWater—1absentexample 27438(0 + 1)ReferenceFormulationL-lysineCitric acid1:11absentexample 116(1 + 0)

[0446] Although 1 mg / mL of paraben of the comparative example 27 and reference example 1 or the formulation (organic salt) alone does not exhibit any antibacterial activity, the working examples 597 to 612 in which 1 mg / mL of paraben and 1 mg / mL of the formulation (organic salt) are mixed with each other to make in total 2 mg / mL of antibacterial composition provided antibacterial activity of paraben on top of the antibacterial properties of the formulations (organic salts), which thereby exhibited antibacterial properties as compositions.

[0447] That is, the formulation (organic salt) of the present invention may be added with a further additive to impart an advantage of the additive to a composition containing the formulation. For example, a composition obtained by adding (dissolving) an antiviral substance as explained in the section of 9-4 impart not only an antiviral property but also an antibacterial activity.9-6. Stability Evaluation of Antibacterial Composition

[0448] Into 50 wt % of formulations 597 to 612 were respectively added paraben of 20 wt. % water solution which were put into sample vials with the open top and left to stand still for 8 hours at 50°. The appearance of each antibacterial composition was visually observed.

[0449] Water was evaporated and crystals of paraben were deposited for a case where only water is used. Meanwhile, as for 50 wt. % aqueous solutions of the formulations 597 to 612, the liquids were not completely evaporated and no crystal precipitation was observed, which indicates that the compositions of the present invention exhibit favorably stability and maintain solubility of an additive due to the non-volatility of the compounds (organic salts) of the present invention, thus exhibiting the effect(s) of the additive in an efficient manner for a long period of time.10. Evaluation of Skin Irritation

[0450] The skin irritation tests of the working examples 613 to 619 in Table 12 were carried out based on a skin irritation test method using LabCyte EPI-MODEL24 (3-D Cultured Human Epidermis Model) manufactured by Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. (J-TEC). Note that the measurement concentration was determined to be 50 wt. %. The irritancy was determined from the obtained cell viability based on the following criteria.

[0451] Viability: <50% Irritating

[0452] Viability: >50% non-irritatingTABLE 12Compoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(Component (A):Formulation(A)(B)Component (B))Skin irritationWorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:1Non-irritatingexample613100WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:2Non-irritatingexample614115WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2Non-irritatingexample615121WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricCitric acid1:1Non-irritatingexample616182acidWorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:1Non-irritatingexample617249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1Non-irritatingexample618250WorkingFormulationL-prolineCitric acid1:1Non-irritatingexample619355

[0453] As shown in Table 12, the skin irritation test shows that the working examples 613 to 619 were non-irritating, suggesting that the formulations of the present invention are safe and secure for the skin.

[0454] Therefore, it is therefore suggested that the formulation of the present invention is suitable for use in cosmetics and daily necessities because of its safety when applied to the skin.11. Biodegradability Assessment

[0455] The biodegradability test of the working examples 620-623 in Table 13 was conducted according to the OECD test guidelines of 301C test. In this test, a general activated sludge was used as a microorganism source, and into 300 ml of the prepared standard test culture solution was added a microorganism source and a test substance such that they reach to the concentrations of 30 mg / L and 100 mg / L in the test period of 28 days using aniline as a standard material. Regarding the degradation rate, a BOD sensor by Actac.LTD was used for measuring the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and the degradation rate was calculated from the calculated theoretical degradation rate. Specifically, when the BOD degradations for 28 days were 60% or more, they were determined as being readily degradable (herein denoted as O), and when the BOD degradations were less than 60%, they were determined as being not readily degradable (herein denoted as x).TABLE 13Compoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(Component (A):Formulation(A)(B)Component (B))BiodegradabilityWorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:1◯example620100(Readily degradable)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2◯example621121(Readily degradable)WorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:1◯example622249(Readily degradable)WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example623250(Readily degradable)

[0456] The results in Table 13 suggest that the working examples 620 to 623 are readily degradable in terms of biodegradability, which therefore suggests that the formulations (organic salts) of the present invention have excellent biodegradability and cause less impact on the environment.12. Gel Composition Preparation

[0457] Xanthan gum (Echo Gum T: manufactured by DSP Gokyo Food & Chemical Co., Ltd), carrageenan (SEA-PI GUM FA: manufactured by DSP Gokyo Food & Chemical), gellan gum (KELCOGEL: manufactured by San-Ei-gen F.F.I., INC), guar gum (SUPERGEL CSA 200 / 50: manufactured by Sansho Co., Ltd.), diutan gum (KELCO-VIS DG: manufactured by Sansho Co., Ltd.) were used as polymer compounds; L-arginine, γ-aminobutyric acid and L-serine were used as the amino acids of the component (A); and benzoic acid, citric acid, and L-malic acid were used as the component (B).

[0458] The respective compositions were prepared by the following method (Table 14). After the components (A) and (B) described in Table 14 were mixed in water, the water was distilled off, and the resulting mixtures or salts were a hydrate and liquid at 25° C.<Working example 624>Composition 1

[0459] 0.059 g of L-arginine as an amine compound (component (A)) and 0.041 g of benzoic acid as an acid (component (B)) (in which molar ratio of the components (A) and (B) is component (A):component (B)=1:1; concentration of (component (A)+component (B)) is 1 wt. %), 0.1 g of xanthan gum as being a polymer compound (concentration of the polymer compound in the composition is 1 wt. %) and 9.8 g of water are mixed and then heated and stirred at 50° C. for 30 minutes for dissolution, after which the mixture was cooled to room temperature over 60 minutes to obtain a composition 1 in the form of a gel.<Working examples 625 to 651>Compositions 2 to 28

[0460] Similarly, predetermined amounts of amino acids (component (A)), carboxylic acids (component (B)), and polymer compounds as shown in Table 14 were respectively prepared under the same condition as in the working example 624 to obtain gel compositions 2 to 28.

[0461] Further, each of the amino acids (component (A)), acid (component (B)) described in the working examples 625 to 651 and water were mixed in advance in the same preparing amounts as described above to synthesize an organic salt, and then a polymer compound was added thereto, which was heated, stirred, dissolved and cooled under the same condition as in the working example 624, as a result of which a gel composition was obtained also in this way. From this, a thickening effect was recognized.TABLE 14FormulationConcen-PolymerCom-tration ofcom-pounding(Compo-poundmolarnent (A) +concen-ratioCompo-trationCom-(Compo-nent (B))inpo-Com-nent (A):in compo-compo-sitionFormu-ComponentponentCompo-sitionPolymersitionappear-Compositionlation(A)(B)nent (B))(Wt. %)compound(Wt. %)anceWorking example 624 Working example 625 Working example 626 Working example 627 Working example 628Composition 1 Composition 2 Composition 3 Composition 4 Composition 5Formu- lation 60Benzoic acid1:1 1Xanthan gum Carrageenan Gellan gum Guar gum Diutan1Gel Gel Gel Gel GelWorking example 629Composition 610Xanthan gumGelWorking example 630Composition 7Guar gumGelWorking example 631Composition 8Diutan gumGelWorking example 632 Working example 633 Working example 634 Working example 635 Working example 636Composition 9 Composition 10 Composition 11 Composition 12 Composition 13Formu- lation 16Citric acid 1    10Xanthan gum Guar gum Diutan gum Xanthan gum Guar gumGel Gel Gel Gel GelWorking example 637Composition 14Diutan gumGelWorking example 638 Working example 639 Working example 640 Working example 641 Working example 642 Working example 643 Working example 644Composition 15 Composition 16 Composition 17 Composition 18 Composition 19 Composition 20 Composition 21Formu- lation 249L-malic acid 1    10Xanthan gum Guar gum Diutan gum Xanthan gum Carrageenan Guar gum Diutan gumGel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel GelWorking example 645Composition 22Formu-Citric  1Xanthan gumWorking example 646Composition 23lationacidGuar gumGelWorking example 647Composition 24250Diutan gumGelWorking example 648Composition 25Xanthan gumGelWorking example 649Composition 2610CarrageenanGelWorking example 650Composition 27Guar gumGelWorking example 651Composition 28Diutan gumGel13. Solubility Evaluation of Active Ingredients

[0462] Solubilities of active ingredients were evaluated for the compositions shown in Table 15. As the active ingredients, there were used a poorly-soluble gallic acid having an antioxidant effect, and glutamic acid having a moisture retention effect. While the solubility of the comparative example 28 (Ion-exchange water) was less than 1.0 g, the working examples 652 to 659 exhibited a high solubility of 1.0 g or more. A similar tendency was also resulted for the cases of gallic acid. The formulations 182, 354 and 355 were particularly superior for dissolving gallic acid, and the formulations 100, 121 and 182 were particularly superior for dissolving glutamic acid.

[0463] A comparison of the working examples 653 to 659 with the working example 652 shows that a hydroxycarboxylic acid to be used as the component (B) increases the solubility.

[0464] From a comparison of the working examples 656 to 657 with the working examples 658 to 659, when hydroxycarboxylic acid was used as the component (B) in the case where gallic acid was dissolved, it was shown that an employment of L-proline rather than L-serine leads to an enhanced solubility. Further, from a comparison of the working example 655 with the working example 659, when citric acid was used as the component (B), it was shown that an employment of L-proline or γ-aminobutyric acid rather than L-serine leads to an enhanced solubility.

[0465] From a comparison of the working examples 653 to 655 and the working examples 657 and 659, when glutamic acid was dissolved, using γ-aminobutyric acid and L-histidine with an isoelectric point of 7.0 or more as the component (A) increased the solubility. From the working example 653 and the working example 654, it was shown that the solubility increased regardless of the compounding ratio.TABLE 15Compoundingmolar ratioCompoundSolubility (g / 100 g)ComponentComponent(ComponentConcentrationGallicGlutamicFormulation(A)(B)(A):Component (B))(wt %)acidacidWorkingFormulationL-arginineBenzoic acid1:1231.51.0example 65260WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:1—≥2.5example 653100WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2—≥2.5example 654121WorkingFormulationL-aminoCitric acid1:1≥3.5≥2.5example 655182butyric acidWorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:13.02.0example 656249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12.02.0example 657250WorkingFormulationL-prolineL-malic acid1:1≥3.52.0example 658354WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1≥3.52.0example 659355ComparativeFormulationWater——1.0<1.0example 2843814. Evaluation of Skin Surface Improvement

[0466] The skin permeability test of the working examples 660 to 667 in Table 16 was evaluated by the following microscopic observation of the stratum corneum. Formulation 439 of the comparative example 31 was prepared in the same manner as formulation (salt) 52.

[0467] As the evaluation method, first, 1.0 wt. % aqueous solutions of the working examples 660 to 667 and the comparative examples 30 and 31 were used as sample solutions. In the comparative example 29, water was used as the sample solution. The obtained sample solution was continuously applied to the skin of the inner side of an upper arm of each of the 10 test subjects by a constant amount once a day for one month. After that, a Cellotape (manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.) was applied to the inner side of an upper arm of each of the ten test subjects who have been kept in quiet for 30 minutes under constant temperature and humidity to delaminate the horny cell layer. The Cellotape attached with the horny cell layer was adhered on a slide glass that was thinly coated in advance with a Cemedine for polyvinyl products (manufactured by Cemedine Co., Ltd.) such that the horny cell layer and the resin surface are faced with each other. It was immersed in ethanol for ten minutes and then immersed in xylene for two hours, after which the tape was solely peeled off from the slide glass and then it was immersed in xylene for another one hour and taken out of it for evaporating the xylene on the slide glass. After that, it was subjected to the staining for four minutes in a stain solution (0.5 wt. % of brilliant green, 1.0 wt. % of gentian violet), washed with running water and dried to make an observation sample. Based on the observation results of the samples, each sample was observed using an optical microscope (Axio Image. A2m manufactured by ZEISS Microscopy) to make evaluations for four items based on the following criteria to thereby evaluate the skin surface improvement in a comprehensive manner.1: Delamination of Multilayered Stratum CorneumGood: Delamination of multilayered stratum corneum cells was reduced compared to the one before the application

[0469] Unchanged: No change was observed in the delamination of multilayered stratum corneum cells with reference to the one before the application.

[0470] No good: Delamination of multilayered stratum corneum cells was increased compared to the one before the application2. Alignment RegularityGood: Horny cells had alignments that were more aligned than those before the application

[0472] Unchanged: No change was observed in the alignment of horny cells with reference to the one before the application.

[0473] No good: Horny cells had alignments that were less aligned than those before the application3. Surface Size UniformityGood: Horny cells had surfaces that were more uniform in size compared to those before the application.

[0475] Unchanged: No change was observed in the size uniformity of horny cells with reference to the one before the application

[0476] No good: Horny cells had surfaces that were less uniform in size compared to those before the application.4: Presence or Absence of Nucleated CellsGood: Horny cells having cell nucleus are decreased in number compared to those before the application.

[0478] Unchanged: No change was observed in the number of horny cells having cell nucleus

[0479] No Good: Horny cells having cell nucleus are increased in number compared to those before the application.Comprehensive Evaluationo: Skin surface condition was ameliorated compared to the condition before the application

[0481] Δ: No change was observed in skin surface condition compared to that before the application

[0482] x: Skin surface condition got worse condition compared to the condition before the applicationTABLE 16Compoundingmolar ratioSkin(Component (A):improvementFormulationComponent (A)Component (B)Component (B))effectWorkingFormulationL-arginineBenzoic acid1:1◯example66060WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:1◯example661100WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2◯example662121WorkingFormulationL-aminoCitric acid1:1◯example663182butyric acidWorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:1◯example664249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example665250WorkingFormulationL-prolineL-malic acid1:1◯example666354WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example667355ComparativeFormulationWater—Xexample29438ComparativeFormulationPetrolatum—Δexample30434ComparativeFormulationTrisLactic acid—Δexample31439(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

[0483] As indicated from the results shown in Table 16, it was found that the working examples 660 to 667 exhibit favorable skin surface improvement effects compared to the comparative examples 29 to 31. From these results, it was suggested that this favorable improvement in skin surface is superior to the comparative example 30 (petrolatum) that has been conventionally used for the purpose of reducing dryness of skin, or even to the comparative example 31 in which an organic salt that employs no amino acid for the component (A) was used. In view of this, since the amino acids in these formulations are major components of moisturizing ingredients (Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF)) that are present in horny layer, it may be inferred that the formulations permeated in the skin supplement the NMFs of the skin to thereby promote moisturization, which thereby ameliorated the balance of the skin surface. NMF is a component that plays an important role for retaining moisture in the horny layer by means of hydrogen bonding with water in the skin. It was therefore suggested that that the formulations according to the present invention are effective for improving skin surface.15. Evaluation on Permeability to Skin

[0484] The following tape stripping method was used for carrying out the evaluation of skin permeability test on each of the working examples 668 to 675 in Table 17.

[0485] As for the evaluation method, into each of 10 wt. % aqueous solutions of the working examples 668 to 675 and the comparative example 32 is added ascorbyl glucoside until it has an amount of 5 wt. % of ascorbyl glucoside to prepare a sample solution. As for the comparative example 33, ascorbyl glucoside was added so as to be 5% by mass with respect to water to prepare a sample solution. Then, a cotton material impregnated with the prepared 750 μL sample solution was applied to a 1 cm×3 cm area of the inner side of an upper arm for each of the 5 test subjects who have been kept in quiet for 30 minutes under constant temperature and humidity, and allowed to stand still for 5 minutes. After removing the cotton material, a new cotton material was used to remove the sample having been left on the skin surface and then allowed to stand still for 30 minutes. The horns in the first to eighth layers were then harvest from the application site using a Cellotape® (manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.), and all of the layers obtained from the tape were used as samples for assay.

[0486] The obtained sample for assay was then extracted with 2 ml of ion-exchange water over the course of 10 min. A 0.2 μm syringe filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC, INC) was used to remove extraneous materials to obtain an extraction liquid from which a permeation amount of ascorbyl glucoside (μg / cm2) was measured using HPLC. The measured values of the samples for assay that were harvested from the 5 test subjects were averaged, and the averaged value was regarded as the permeation amount (μg / cm2) to make a comparison of the total permeation amounts for the first to eighth layers. Finally, the working examples 668 to 675 and the comparative examples 32 and 33, having been evaluated this time, were compared with each other to evaluate them as the relative infiltration rates.

[0487] A high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC, Ultimate 3000 manufactured by Thermo Scientific Inc.) was used to perform quantitative analysis of ascorbyl glucoside under the following conditions:

[0488] Column: Trinity P1 (100×2.1 mm, 3 μm)

[0489] Solvent: A: water, B: acetonitrile, C: 200 mM ammonium formate (pH=4)

[0490] Mobile phase: B: 70%, C: 30%.

[0491] Detection: UV (270 nm)

[0492] Flow rate: 0.3 mL / min.

[0493] Column temperature: 30° C.

[0494] Syringe wash: 200 mM ammonium formate (pH=4)

[0495] Inject: 10 μLTABLE 17Relative infiltration ratesof active component(ascorbyl glucoside) intoskin (comparison amongCompoundingWorking examples 666 to 673molar ratioand Comparative examplesComponentComponent(Component (A):32 and 33)Formulation(A)(B)Component (B))1(Slow) + 5(Fast)WorkingFormulationL-arginineLactic acid1:11example66852WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:12example669100WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:21example670121WorkingFormulationL-aminoCitric acid1:11example671182butyric acidWorkingFormulationL-serineL-malic acid1:14example672249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12example673250WorkingFormulationL-prolineL-malic acid1:11example674354WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:12example675355ComparativeFormulationGlycerin—5example32432ComparativeFormulationWater—5example33438

[0496] As it turned out from the results in Table 17, the comparison among the working examples 668 to 675 and the comparative examples 32 and 33 shows that the infiltration rates of the working examples 668 to 675 were slower than those of the comparative examples 32 and 33. The working examples 668 to 671 and 673 to 675 had particularly slow infiltration rates, which indicates that these examples would be effective for the case of slowly infiltrating an active ingredient into the skin where a slow-acting active component is required. Meanwhile, example 672 had a fast infiltration rate which is similar to the comparative examples 32 and 33, indicating that this example would be effective for the case of instantly infiltrating an active ingredient into the skin where a quick-acting active component is required. Further, as the infiltration rates of the inventive formulations varied in accordance with the combinations of components (A) and (B), it can be inferred that the formulation is useful as a material for controlling the infiltration rate of an active component.16. Sensory Evaluation 3

[0497] For each formulation described in the working examples 676 to 687 and the comparative examples 34 and 35 in Table 18, the formulations (organic salt) obtained in “4. Hygroscopicity evaluation” (they were left to stand still at room temperature for 1 month) were used as evaluation samples. The evaluation concentrations were calculated from the moisture contents obtained in the above-described test. Further, the formulation 440 (Dimeticone) of FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation was used.

[0498] As the evaluation method, the evaluation samples were each applied to the hair by a constant amount to evaluate their spreadability when applied to the hair and cohesiveness after applying them to the hair. Five panel members were randomly selected regardless of age and sex, and the average values were calculated and used as the evaluation values.

[0499] As for the spreadability during the application, each of the evaluation materials was applied thereto, and a feeling of the skin when spreading the formulation was then evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where a spreadability was felt significantly, 3 was given to examples where a spreadability was felt, and 1 was given to examples where no spreadability was felt.

[0500] As for the cohesiveness of hair after the application, each of the evaluation materials was applied thereto to evaluate the cohesiveness of hair when the materials were settled based on a scale of 1 to 5, in which 5 was given to examples where the hair was favorably cohesive, 3 was given to examples where the hair was cohesive, and 1 was given to examples where the hair was not cohesive.TABLE 18Compoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(ComponentConcentrationSensory evaluation 3Formulation(A)(B)(A):Component (B))(wt. %)SpreadabilityCohesivenessWorkingFormulationL-lysineOleic acid1:1984.14.8example 6767WorkingFormulationL-arginineIsostearic acid1:1943.64.4example 67748WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1914.24.7example 67849WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1963.64.4example 67950WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid1:2993.94.5example 68069WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:2914.24.9example 68170WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:2993.64.4example 68271WorkingFormulationγ-Isostearic acid1:1993.64.4example 683172aminobutyricWorkingFormulationacidOleic acid1:1994.24.7example 684173WorkingFormulationL-prolineIsostearic acid1:1994.04.4example 685345WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1994.34.7example 686346WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1994.04.6example 687347ComparativeFormulationSodiumOleic acid—991.01.0example 34433ComparativeFormulationDimeticone—993.53.6example 35440

[0501] As shown in Table 18, it was found that the working examples 676 to 687 had superior spreadability when applied to the hair and superior cohesiveness after applying them to the hair compared to those of the comparative examples 34 and 35. Among them, the working examples 676, 678, 681, 684 and 686 employing olein acid as the component (B) had excellent feelings of use. Further, the working examples 676 to 687 employed the components (A) and (B) that were listed in JSQI and therefore were suggested to have a high degree of safety. It can therefore be inferred that the formulations of the present invention are suitable as hair treatment agents.17. Evaluation on Hair Surface Improvement

[0502] The following evaluation method was performed for the working examples 668 to 731 in Tables 20A to 20C as the test of the hair surface improvement in which the following formulations 441 to 445 were prepared: Formulation 441 (L-arginine) manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical

[0503] Formulation 442 as prepared by the same method as Formulation (salt) 52

[0504] Formulation 443 (L-proline) manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan;

[0505] Formulation 444 (Lactic acid) manufactured by Kianto Klagaku Co., Ltd.

[0506] Regarding the evaluation method, as an operation of the bleach treatment, 1 g of bleaching agent (Table 19) was first applied to 1 g by mass of untreated black hair (manufactured by Beaulax Co., Ltd), which was allowed to stand still for 30 minutes and then sufficiently rinsed with 40° C. warm water. This bleach treatment operation was repeated 5 times to prepare damaged hairs. Then, the formulations of the working examples 688 to 731 and the comparative examples 36 to 40 were dissolved into 50 wt. % ethanol aqueous solution so that they reach 1 wt. % to prepare sample materials. Each of the prepared 1 g of damaged hairs was immersed into the material for 15 minutes, rinsed with 40° C. warm water for 30 seconds, dried with a towel and then subjected to air drying to make a post-treatment hair. Surface conditions of the hair bundles before and after the treatment were observed using a scanning electron microscope (S-3400N SEM manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Corporation) to evaluate improvements in the hair surfaces based on the following criteria.

[0507] ⊚: No cuticles are raised.

[0508] o: Almost no cuticles are raised.

[0509] Δ: Some of the cuticles are raised

[0510] x: Almost all of the cuticles are raisedTABLE 19ComponentAmount (parts by mass)30% hydrogen peroxide solution9.628% ammonia water4Monoethanolamine1.5Ammonium hydrogen carbonate1Ion-exchange waterRemainderTotal100TABLE 20ACompoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(Component (A):Hair surfaceFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))improving effectWorkingFormulationL-lysineGluconic acid1:1◯example6889WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example68916WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:2⊚example69030WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2◯example69137WorkingFormulationL-arginineGluconic acid1:1◯example69251WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:1◯example69352WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1◯example69457WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1⊚example69558WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:1◯example69659WorkingFormulationBenzoic acid1:1◯example69760WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:2⊚example69872WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:2◯example69973WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:2◯example70078WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2◯example70179WorkingFormulationTartaric acid1:2◯example70280WorkingFormulationL-histidineGluconic acid1:1◯example70393WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1⊚example704100WorkingFormulationGluconic acid1:2⊚example705114WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:2◯example706115WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2◯example707121TABLE 20BCompoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(Component (A):Hair surfaceFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))improving effectWorkingFormulationGlycineCitric acid1:1◯example708142WorkingFormulationγ-Gluconic acid1:1◯example709175aminobutyricWorkingFormulationacidLactic acid1:1◯example710176WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example711182WorkingFormulationL-serineGluconic acid1:1◯example712243WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1◯example713249WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example714250WorkingFormulationL-prolineGluconic acid1:1◯example715348WorkingFormulationLactic acid1:1◯example716349WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1◯example717354WorkingFormulationL-glutamicGluconic acid1:1◯example718416acidWorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1◯example719422WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example720423TABLE 20CCompoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(Component (A):Hair surfaceFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))improving effectWorkingFormulationL-arginineIsostearic acid1:1◯example72148WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1◯example72249WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1◯example72350WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid2:1◯example72469WorkingFormulationOleic acid2:1◯example72570WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid2:1◯example72671WorkingFormulationHexanoic acid1:1Δexample72746WorkingFormulationγ-aminobutyricOleic acid1:1◯example728173acidWorkingFormulationL-prolineIsostearic acid1:1Δexample729345WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1Δexample730346WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1Δexample731347ComparativeFormulationL-arginine——Xexample36441ComparativeFormulationhydrochloric acid1:1Xexample37442ComparativeFormulationL-proline——Xexample38443ComparativeFormulation—Lactic acid—Xexample39444As shown in Table 20A to 20C, a comparison of the working examples 6881 to 731 and the comparative examples 36 to 39 shows that the raisings of cuticles of the working examples 688 to 731 were suppressed, which therefore indicate an improvement in the hair surface. Among them, it was shown that formulations 30, 58, 72, 100 and 114 had particularly excellent hair surface improving effects.It was found from comparisons between the working examples 692 to 702, 721 to 727 and the comparative example 36 (arginine), between the working examples 715 to 717, 729 to 731 and the comparative example 38, and between the working examples 693, 699, 706, 710, 716 and the comparative example 39 that the coexistence of both components (A) and (B) results in a superior hair surface improving effect compared to the case where only one of the components (A) and (B) is solely used. It was also found from a comparison between the working examples 692 to 702, 721 to 727 and the comparative example 37 that the component (B) of an organic acid leads to improvement in the hair surface. It was found from a comparison between the working examples 692 to 702, 721 to 726 and the working example 727 that the formulations of liquid lead to excellent hair surface improving effects.Particularly, as shown from the working examples 690, 695, 698, 704 and 705, it was found that the formulations have high levels of hair surface improvement effects in the cases where the component (A) is of basic amino acid and a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups in the component (A) to the number of carboxy groups in the component (B) is 1 or less.

[0514] That is, since a use of the formulations according to the present invention resulted in an excellent hair surface improvement effect, it was indicated that the formulation is useful as a hair treatment agent.18. Evaluation on Stabilization of Protein (Keratin) of Hair and Skin

[0515] 1 g of a powdery keratin (by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (pre-test keratin) was added into 2 g of a 10 wt. % aqueous solution of each of the working examples 732 to 749, followed by performing stirring at 25° C. for 24 hours. After stirring, filtration was performed, and the resultant powdery keratin was then dried so as to obtain a keratin that had been treated (post-test keratin). The same operation was performed on 2 g of water as a comparative example 41.

[0516] Here, 0.3 g of the resultant post-treated keratin was placed into a thermostatic device of 130° C., and left to stand still therein for seven days. After seven days, an IR spectrum of the resultant keratin was measured to observe an absorption derived from the α-helix secondary structure of amide to thereby evaluate a stabilization effect of the hair treatment agent on the structure of keratin.

[0517] As a result of measuring the powder of the keratin before heating using IR, an absorption was observed at 1654 cm−1 which was derived from the α-helix secondary structure of amide. Next, IR measurement was carried out after performing the heating test at 130° C. to obtain the respective peaks derived from each amide and an intensity ratio(s) thereof to a reference peak (reference peak (derived from C—N) 1086 cm−1, peak 1654 cm−1 derived from the α-helix secondary structure of amide). The intensity ratio (X) was evaluated as “intensity of reference peak: intensity of peak derived from amide=1: X,” by reading the absorption intensity of the reference peak and the intensity of the peak derived from amide, and their comparisons were made based on the following criteria.

[0518] ⊚:0.6<X 1.0

[0519] 0:0.3<X 0.6

[0520] Δ:0<X:0.3

[0521] x: X=0TABLE 21CompoundingPresence orIntensitymolar ratioabsence ofratio (X) toComponentComponent(Componentamide peakreferenceFormulation(A)(B)(A):Component (B))(Peak wavelength)peakWorkingFormulationL-arginineBenzoic acid1:1Present⊚example 73260(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid1:1PresentΔexample 73348(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1Present⊚example 73449(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1Present⊚example 73550(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationIsostearic acid1:2PresentΔexample 73669(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:2Present⊚example 73770(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:2Present⊚example 73871(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:1Present◯example 739100(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2PresentΔexample 740121(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationγ-Oleic acid1:1Present◯example 741173aminobutyric(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationacidCitric acid1:1PresentΔexample 742182(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationL-serineCitric acid1:1Present⊚example 743249(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1Present◯example 744250(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationL-prolineIsostearic acid1:1PresentΔexample 745345(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationOleic acid1:1Present◯example 746346(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationLinoleic acid1:1Present◯example 747347(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1PresentΔexample 748354(1654 cm−1)WorkingFormulationL-malic acid1:1Present◯example 749355(1654 cm−1)ComparativeFormulationWater—AbsentXexample 40438

[0522] As can be seen from the results shown in Table 21, in the case of a comparative example 41 of water, it was found that the peak derived from the α-helix secondary structure of amide had disappeared, i.e., the α-helix secondary structure of keratin failed to be maintained. In contrast, the α-helix secondary structure of keratin was confirmed to have been maintained in the cases of the working examples 732 to 749, because a peak(s) derived from the α-helix secondary structure of amide were observed.

[0523] It was shown from a comparison between the working examples 734, 735, 737 and 738 and the working examples 741,746 and 747 that an employment of L-arginine as the component (A) rather than γ-aminobutyric acid or L-proline leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin. It was also found from a comparison between the working examples 732, 734, 735, 736, 738 and the working examples 733, 736 and between the working examples 746, 747 and the working example 743 that an employment of an aromatic carboxylic acid or an unsaturated fatty acid as the component (B) rather than a saturated fatty acid leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin. Further, it was shown from the working examples 734, 735 and the working examples 736, 738 that an employment of an unsaturated fatty acid as the component (B) leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin regardless of their compounding molar ratios.

[0524] It was shown from a comparison between the working example 741 and the working example 742 that an employment of an unsaturated fatty acid as the component (B) rather than a hydroxycarboxylic acid leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin.

[0525] It was shown from a comparison between the working examples 743, 744 and the working examples 748, 749 that, when a hydroxycarboxylic acid is used as the component (B), an employment of L-proline rather than L-serine leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin.

[0526] It was found from a comparison between the working examples 739, 742, 748 and the working example 743 that, when a citric acid is used as the component (B), an employment of L-serine rather than L-histidine, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-proline leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin. These results indicate that an employment of an amino acid, as the component (A), having a hydroxy group or an isoelectric point of 6 or less leads to an excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin.

[0527] It was shown from a comparison between the working example 739 and the working example 740 that, when a hydroxycarboxylic acid is used as the component (B), a compounding ratio having an equivalent molar ratio thereof have a superior excellent stabilizing effect of α-helix secondary structure of keratin compared to the compounding ratio in which the total number of primary or secondary amino groups is equivalent to the number of carboxy groups.

[0528] In this way, since the formulation of the present invention has an effect of stabilizing keratin, there can be realized a water and moisture retention of the hair, health and quality maintenance of the hair, suppression of hair damages caused by heat from a dryer or the like, and even, for example, water and moisture retention of skin proteins such as cuticles and nails as well as health maintenance thereof.19. Dispersibility Evaluation of Metallic Oxide

[0529] As for the working examples 750 to 756 and the comparative example 41 (poly(oxyethylene)nonylphenylether: PERETEX 1225 manufactured by Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.) as shown in table 22, 0.5g of an 80% aqueous solution of each of the formulations and 0.5g of zirconium oxide (IV) (Manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation; Reagent of special grade; about 5 to 30 μm) were mixed for 1 minutes for five times at 2000 rpm using a planetary centrifugal mixer (ARE-310 manufactured by THINKY CORPORATION) after which their dispersing conditions were visually observed.TABLE 22Compoundingmolar ratioComponentComponent(Component (A):DispersibilityFormulation(A)(B)Component (B))(zirconium oxide (IV))WorkingFormulationL-arginineBenzoic acid1:1◯example75060WorkingFormulationL-histidineCitric acid1:1◯example751100WorkingFormulationCitric acid3:2◯example752121WorkingFormulationL-aminoCitric acid1:1◯example753182butyric acidWorkingFormulationL-serineCitric acid1:1◯example754250WorkingFormulationL-prolineL-malic acid1:1◯example755354WorkingFormulationCitric acid1:1◯example756355ComparativeFormulationPoly(oxyethylene)nonylphenyl-—Xexample41445ether

[0530] A comparison between the working examples 750 to 756 and the comparative example 41 as shown in Table 22 shows that the formulations of the working examples each dispersed zirconium oxide (IV) in a favorable manner and resulted in a dispersion liquid while an agglomeration or precipitation of the zirconium oxide (IV) was observed for the comparative example 41. That is, since the formulation of the present invention is comprised of a cation having a hydrogen-bonding functional group (i.e., having hydrogen donating property or coordination), it can be inferred that the structural characteristics of having a high-affinity to the oxygen atom of zirconium oxide (IV)—a hydrogen bond receptor-played an advantageous role for dispersing the zirconium oxide (IV) in a favorable manner. The formulations of the present invention were excellent in the affinity to inorganic oxides, which therefore suggests that the formulations would be useful for fields that utilize dispersions of such materials, such as the fields of cosmetics, paints, inks, electronic components and batteries.

Claims

1. A formulation comprising the following components:(A) an amino acid or a salt thereof, and(B) a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

2. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) is represented by the following formula:[Chemical formula 1]R11NHmC(R2)2(R3nCOOX)  (I)wherein R1 represents a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R3 represents a bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, 1 represents any one of 0 to 2, m represents any one of 0 to 2, and n represents 0 or 1, R1 and R2 optionally together form a ring of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and X represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation.

3. The formulation according to claim 2, wherein X is a hydrogen atom.

4. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the component (A) is greater than 1.

5. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the component (A) is 1.

6. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the component (A) is less than 1.

7. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) has an isoelectric point of greater than 7.

8. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) has an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less.

9. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) has an isoelectric point of less than 4.

10. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) is a carboxylic acid.

11. The formulation according to claim 10, wherein the component (B) is a carboxylic acid having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) in a hydrocarbon moiety.

12. The formulation according to claim 11, wherein the hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) is / are a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group.

13. The formulation according to claim 12, wherein the hydrogen-bonding functional group(s) is a hydroxy group.

14. The formulation according to claim 12, wherein the formulation comprises both a hydroxy group and a carboxy group as hydrogen-bonding functional groups.

15. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) is an unsaturated or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

16. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises an organic salt formed by: a cation originated from the component (A); and an anion originated from an anionic residue of the component (B), wherein said cation optionally contains a cationic residue of the component (B).

17. The formulation according to claim 1, wherein an anhydride and / or hydrate of a mixture or salt of the components (A) and (B) is liquid at 25° C.

18. A composition comprising the formulation according to claim 1.

19. An organic salt formed by the amino acid and the carboxylic acid according to claim 1, wherein the organic salt is represented by the following formula (II):[Chemical formula 2][R11N+HmC(R2)2(R3nCOO X)]R4COO−  (II)wherein R1 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent or bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R3 represents a bivalent organic group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, 1 represents any one of 0 to 3, m represents any one of 0 to 3, and n represents 0 or 1, R1 and R2 optionally together form a ring of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and X represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation.

20. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein X is hydrogen atom.

21. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the amino acid is greater than 1.

22. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the amino acid is 1.

23. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein a ratio of the total number of primary or secondary amino groups to the number of carboxy groups (the total number of primary or secondary amino groups / the number of carboxy groups) in the amino acid is less than 1.

24. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein the amino acid has an isoelectric point of greater than 7.

25. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein the amino acid has an isoelectric point of 4 or more and 7 or less.

26. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein the amino acid has an isoelectric point of less than 4.

27. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein R4 in the formula (II) is a hydrocarbon group having a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s).

28. The organic salt according to claim 27, wherein R4 in the formula (II) is a hydrocarbon group having a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group.

29. The organic salt according to claim 28, wherein R4 in the formula (II) is a hydrocarbon group having a hydroxy group.

30. The organic salt according to claim 28, wherein R4 in the formula (II) is a hydrocarbon group having both a hydroxy group and a carboxy group.

31. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein R4 in the formula (II) is an unsaturated or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms.

32. The organic salt according to claim 19, wherein an anhydride and / or hydrate of the organic salt is liquid at 25° C.

33. A composition comprising the organic salt according to claim 19.

34. The composition according to claim 18 as a gel composition, wherein the gel composition comprises water and a polymer compound.

35. The gel composition according to claim 34, wherein the polymer compound has a hydrogen-bonding functional group(s).

36. The gel composition according to claim 34, wherein the polymer compound is a polysaccharide.

37. The gel composition according to claim 36, wherein the polysaccharide is of at least one species selected from xanthan gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, guar gum and diutan gum.

38. The gel composition according to claim 34, wherein the composition has an enhanced viscosity or the composition is for enhancing viscosity.39-43. (canceled)44. A method for imparting water retentivity, wherein the method comprises a use of the formulation according to claim 1.

45. A method for imparting hygroscopicity, wherein the method comprises a use of the formulation according to claim 1.

46. A method for imparting antibacterial activity, wherein the method comprises a use of the formulation according to claim 1.

47. The method according to claim 46, wherein a ratio of the total number of amino groups to the total number of carboxy groups (the total number of amino groups / the total number of carboxy groups) in the components (A) and (B) is less than 1.

48. A cosmetic comprising the formulation according to claim 1.

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