Protective element, energy supply system, communications system and motor vehicle

Abstract

A protective element (102) for improving electromagnetic compatibility, the protective element (102) comprising the following: a shielding layer (114) for protection against electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

Description

[0001] Protective element, power supply system, communication system and motor vehicle

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of protective elements for increasing electromagnetic compatibility.

[0003] Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) refers to the freedom from interference between electrical or electronic devices and their environment.

[0004] Modern motor vehicles are at least partially powered by electricity. For this purpose, in addition to powerful electrochemical energy storage devices, the vehicles also incorporate inverters and electric motors that propel or accelerate the vehicle. The various components are connected to each other via power cables.

[0005] An inverter converts the direct current provided by the electrochemical energy storage device into alternating current. Inverters are also called power converters.

[0006] Consequently, modern motor vehicles contain strong sources of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0007] In addition, more and more devices that communicate via electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic signals or electromagnetic waves are being integrated into motor vehicles or used by vehicle occupants in motor vehicles.

[0008] Ensuring EMC compliance is therefore becoming a growing challenge. This should be achieved with the lowest possible component weight, so that the weight of the vehicle is increased only minimally or not at all.

[0009] The present invention is based on the object of providing an effective protective element, an effective power supply system, an effective communications system, and an effective and reliable motor vehicle with minimal effort. In particular, the aim is to enable the most flexible possible use of available installation space during the manufacture of a motor vehicle. In particular, this should allow for minimal consideration of the electromagnetic compatibility of various components of a power supply system and a communications system of a motor vehicle.

[0010] The object is achieved according to the invention by the protective element according to the relevant independent claim.

[0011] The protective element is a protective element for increasing electromagnetic compatibility, wherein the protective element comprises a shielding layer for protection against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0012] The shielding layer may, for example, be a first shielding layer. References herein to a first shielding layer or the first shielding layer may refer to the shielding layer.

[0013] The protective element can, for example, be a protective element for increasing electromagnetic compatibility, wherein the protective element comprises a shielding layer, e.g., a first shielding layer, for protection against electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields and a second shielding layer for protection against electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0014] When reference is made herein to a shielding layer or the shielding layer, this may in particular mean the first shielding layer.

[0015] Unless explicitly stated otherwise herein and unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “a first shielding layer” and “a shielding layer” may preferably be synonymous and interchangeable.

[0016] Unless explicitly stated otherwise herein and unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms "the first shielding layer" and "the shielding layer" may preferably be synonymous and interchangeable. The protective element may be suitable for enhancing electromagnetic compatibility.

[0017] The protective element can be used to increase electromagnetic compatibility.

[0018] The protective element can in particular be a protective element for increasing electromagnetic compatibility in the near field (wavelength in the meter range).

[0019] The term "in particular" is used in this description and the appended claims to describe possible optional and / or facultative features.

[0020] The electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields can, for example, be electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields that are characteristic of electromagnetic radiation. The electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields can be electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields of electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic radiation.

[0021] The shielding layer may be a shielding layer for protection against electromagnetic radiation.

[0022] The first shielding layer may be a first shielding layer for protection against electromagnetic radiation.

[0023] The second shielding layer may be a second shielding layer for protection against electromagnetic radiation.

[0024] Shielding layers used to protect against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, in particular shielding layers suitable for shielding against electromagnetic radiation, are known to experts in the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility.

[0025] It may be advantageous if the protective element comprises a contacting zone, wherein it may be advantageous if, by means of the contacting zone, an electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer and a device to which the protective element can be connected, e.g. mounted.

[0026] It may be advantageous if the protective element comprises a second shielding layer to protect against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0027] It may be advantageous if, by means of the contacting zone, an electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer of the protective element and / or at least one of the shielding layers of the protective element and a device to which the protective element can be connected, e.g. mounted.

[0028] It may be advantageous if the contacting zone is a surface of the shielding layer and / or a surface of at least one of the shielding layers; and / or the contacting zone is located on a surface of the shielding layer and / or on a surface of at least one of the shielding layers; and / or the contacting zone is an outer surface contacting zone, wherein the outer surface contacting zone is formed on an outer surface of the shielding layer and / or on an outer surface of at least one of the shielding layers.

[0029] It may be advantageous if the protective element comprises a contacting element, wherein it may be advantageous if an electrical contact, in particular a direct or indirect electrical contact, can be established or stabilized between the contacting zone and the device by means of the contacting element, and / or an electrical contact bridged by the contacting element can be established between the contacting zone and the device, wherein it may be advantageous if one surface of the contacting element is in electrically conductive contact with the contacting zone, and a further surface of the contacting element can be brought into electrically conductive contact with the device, wherein the contacting element is electrically conductive.

[0030] It may be advantageous if the contacting element is deformable and / or elastic. It may be advantageous if the contacting element is arranged on a carrier, wherein the carrier may preferably be deformable and / or elastic. It may be advantageous if the contacting element extends in at least one section of the carrier from an inner side and / or protective element side of the carrier, which may in particular face the contacting zone, to an outer side and / or device side of the carrier, which may in particular face away from the contacting zone.

[0031] It may be advantageous if the contacting element contains or is made from an electrically conductive material, wherein the electrically conductive material can preferably be a metallic material, which can in particular contain aluminium. The electrically conductive material can be, for example, a metallic foil, a metallic grid, a metallic net or a metallic fabric, in particular an aluminium foil, an aluminium grid, an aluminium net or an aluminium fabric, wherein the aluminium foil, the aluminium grid, the aluminium net or the aluminium fabric contains aluminium, preferably in the form of an alloy containing at least 50 wt.% Al, preferably at least 60 wt.% Al, e.g. at least 85 wt.% Al.

[0032] It may be advantageous if the contacting element extends in at least one section of the carrier on the carrier only on one side, for example on an edge side of the carrier, which may face a protective element edge, or on a side of the carrier facing away from the edge, which may face away from a protective element edge, from the inside and / or protective element side to the outside and / or device side.

[0033] The support may preferably have a polygonal, e.g., square, round, or oval cross-section, wherein the support may be rounded at the corners. A square cross-section, in particular a rectangular cross-section, with rounded corners may be particularly advantageous.

[0034] It may be advantageous if the protective element has a sealing element and / or a sealing element receptacle into which a sealing element can be fully or partially received, wherein it may be advantageous if the protective element has the sealing element and the sealing element receptacle, wherein it may be advantageous if the sealing element is fully or partially received in the sealing element receptacle and / or extends in the sealing element receptacle on the protective element; and / or the protective element has a sealing element, which can preferably be a liquid seal.

[0035] It may be advantageous if the sealing element comprises the contacting element and / or the carrier; and / or the carrier is deformable and / or elastic, wherein it may be advantageous if the contacting element is arranged on the deformable and / or elastic carrier; and / or the contacting element comprises or forms the sealing element.

[0036] It may be advantageous if the contacting element and / or the carrier is connected in or to the contacting zone, wherein it may be advantageous if the contacting element and / or the carrier is connected in or to the contacting zone in such a way that an electrical contact of the contacting element to the contacting zone exists or can be produced or stabilized.

[0037] For example, the contacting element and / or the carrier can be connected in or to the contacting zone in such a way that there is electrical contact between the contacting element and the contacting zone.

[0038] It may be advantageous if the contacting element and / or the carrier is connected in or to the contacting zone via a connecting material arranged in a connecting zone.

[0039] It may be advantageous if the contacting element and / or the carrier is connected to the contacting zone by means of an auxiliary element, which may be a sealing element, for example, in such a way that electrical contact between the contacting element and the contacting zone exists or can be established or stabilized. It may be advantageous if the auxiliary element is connected to the contacting zone or in another region of the protective element and the contacting element and / or the carrier is connected to the auxiliary element. It may be advantageous if the auxiliary element is connected to the contacting zone or in the other region of the protective element via a connecting material arranged in a connecting zone. And / or the contacting element and / or the carrier is connected to the auxiliary element via a connecting material arranged in a connecting zone.

[0040] It may be advantageous if the protective element has at least two sealing elements, wherein one of the sealing elements is one of the sealing elements described up to this point or hereinafter, and / or one of the sealing elements is arranged closer to a protective element edge than another of the sealing elements.

[0041] It may be advantageous if the carrier and / or the sealing element and / or at least one of the sealing elements contains an elastic sealing material and / or is made of an elastic sealing material, wherein it may be advantageous if the elastic sealing material contains or consists of a natural or synthetic rubber, e.g. an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, a silicone rubber and / or a fluororubber, a polyurethane, and / or an ethylenetetrafluoroethylene.

[0042] An ethylene propylene diene rubber is also abbreviated as EPDM.

[0043] The silicone rubber can be, for example, methyl vinyl silicone rubber. Methyl vinyl silicone rubber is also abbreviated to VMQ.

[0044] The fluororubber can be FKM, for example. Polyurethane is also abbreviated to PU.

[0045] Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene is also abbreviated as ETFE.

[0046] It may be particularly advantageous if the carrier contains and / or is made of an elastic sealing material. It may be advantageous if the elastic sealing material contains or consists of a natural or synthetic rubber, e.g., an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, a silicone rubber, and / or a fluorocarbon rubber, a polyurethane, and / or an ethylenetetrafluoroethylene. It may be particularly advantageous if the carrier contains and / or is made of an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.

[0047] It may be advantageous if the protective element has a positioning and / or alignment element, which may be or have, for example, a positioning and / or alignment projection, wherein it may be advantageous if at least a portion of the positioning and / or alignment element can be arranged on at least a portion of the contacting zone; and / or at least a portion of the carrier and / or the sealing element and / or at least one of the sealing elements and / or the contacting element and / or the connecting zone extends along at least a portion of the positioning and / or alignment element.

[0048] It may be advantageous if the protective element has a base body, e.g., a plastic base body, wherein the shielding layer is arranged on the base body, e.g., a plastic base body, and / or extends through the base body, e.g., a plastic base body, and / or at least one of the shielding layers is arranged on the base body, e.g., a plastic base body, and / or extends through the base body, e.g., a plastic base body. For example, the shielding layer can extend through the base body, e.g., a plastic base body, and extend further to a surface of the plastic base body and form the contacting zone there, e.g., an outer surface contacting zone, and / or comprise a bead and / or a raised zone and / or a fold.

[0049] The plastic base body can, for example, consist of and / or be manufactured from a fibrous plastic material.

[0050] It may be advantageous if the protective element has a reinforcement zone, wherein the reinforcement zone has reinforcing fibers and a fiber connecting material, wherein in the reinforcement zone at least some of the reinforcing fibers are connected to the fiber connecting material.

[0051] It can be advantageous if reinforcing fibers are bonded together in the reinforcement zone using the fiber bonding material.

[0052] It may be advantageous if at least one section of the shielding layer, e.g. the first shielding layer, forms a layer composite with at least one section of the reinforcement zone.

[0053] It may be advantageous if the at least one section of the shielding layer, e.g., the first shielding layer, which forms the layer composite with the at least one section of the reinforcement zone, has the contacting zone.

[0054] It may be advantageous if the at least one section of the shielding layer, e.g., the first shielding layer, which forms the layer composite with the at least one section of the reinforcement zone, is directly connected to the at least one section of the reinforcement zone in the layer composite.

[0055] It may be advantageous if the at least one section of the shielding layer, e.g., the first shielding layer, which forms the layer composite with the at least one section of the reinforcement zone, is indirectly connected to the at least one section of the reinforcement zone in the layer composite, e.g., via at least one intermediate layer.

[0056] It may be advantageous if the protective element is an underbody protection element and / or a battery housing part. It may be particularly advantageous if the protective element is an underbody protection element.

[0057] Underbody protection elements on motor vehicles are used in particular to protect pressure vessels or pressure tanks and / or electrical components, such as a high-voltage battery device, especially when driving over uneven ground, e.g., thresholds, bollard traps, or curbs.

[0058] It may be advantageous if the reinforcement zone is a suspension zone or extends into or through a suspension zone.

[0059] It may be advantageous if the protective element and / or underbody protection element and / or battery housing part can be connected, e.g. mounted, to the device in the suspension zone.

[0060] The protective element and / or underbody protection element and / or battery housing part can be connected, e.g., mounted, to the device, for example, by means of a mounting recess extending through the suspension zone and a screw or a bolt in the suspension zone.

[0061] It may be advantageous if a component, e.g. a component of a high-voltage battery device, can be connected, e.g. mounted, to the protective element and / or underbody protection element and / or battery housing part in the suspension zone.

[0062] For example, a component, e.g., a component of a high-voltage battery device, can be connected, e.g., mounted, to the protective element and / or underbody protection element and / or battery housing part in the suspension zone by means of a mounting recess extending through the suspension zone and a screw or bolt. It can be advantageous if the protective element and / or underbody protection element and / or battery housing part has a side wall and an interior space, wherein the interior space is completely or partially surrounded by the side wall, wherein the reinforcement zone extends through at least a portion of the side wall.

[0063] It may be advantageous if a mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone is at least 70%, preferably at least 72%, particularly preferably at least 76%, e.g. at least 77.5%.

[0064] It may be advantageous if a mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone is at most 90%, preferably at most 88%, particularly preferably at most 84%, e.g. at most 82.5%.

[0065] It may be particularly advantageous if a mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone is 70% to 90%, preferably 72% to 88%, particularly preferably 76% to 84%, e.g. 77.5% to 82.5%.

[0066] It may be advantageous if a volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone is at least 70%, preferably at least 72%, particularly preferably at least 76%, e.g. at least 77.5%.

[0067] It may be advantageous if a volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone is at most 90%, preferably at most 88%, particularly preferably at most 84%, e.g. at most 82.5%.

[0068] It may be particularly advantageous if a volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone is 70% to 90%, preferably 72% to 88%, particularly preferably 76% to 84%, e.g. 77.5% to 82.5%.

[0069] Advantageously, the tensile modulus of elasticity of the protective element in the reinforcement zone can be at least 40 GPa, preferably at least 42 GPa, particularly preferably at least 44 GPa, e.g., at least 47 GPa. It has been shown that such high stiffnesses can be achieved, in particular, with the high mass fractions of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone mentioned herein. Advantageously, the tensile modulus of elasticity of the protective element in the reinforcement zone can be at most 300 GPa, preferably at most 200 GPa, particularly preferably at most 150 GPa, e.g., at most 130 GPa.

[0070] For example, a tensile modulus of elasticity of the protective element in the reinforcement zone can be 40 GPa to 300 GPa, preferably 42 GPa to 200 GPa, particularly preferably 44 GPa to 150 GPa, e.g. 47 GPa to 130 GPa.

[0071] The tensile modulus of elasticity is also known as the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus. It is used in component testing to evaluate the stiffness of a material or component. It is defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic range of the material. The tensile modulus of elasticity indicates how strongly a material responds to tensile loading and how much it deforms under tension.

[0072] The values ​​for the tensile modulus of elasticity stated herein are measurable values, particularly at 20 °C. The tensile modulus of elasticity can be determined or determinable, in particular, according to DIN EN ISO 527-4:2023 or, especially in the case of only unidirectional reinforcement, according to DIN EN ISO 527-5:2021.

[0073] The reinforcing fibers may be or contain mineral fibers, in particular glass fibers or basalt fibers, carbon fibers or polymer fibers, in particular polyamide fibers, e.g. aramid fibers.

[0074] It can be advantageous if the reinforcing fibers are glass fibers.

[0075] A mass fraction of reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone can be determined as follows:

[0076] 1. Sampling: A representative sample of the material used to form the reinforcement zone is taken from the protective element. This ensures that the sample contains a uniform amount of reinforcement fibers and fiber bonding material.

[0077] 2. Drying: The sample is thoroughly dried to remove any moisture that could affect the results. This can be done by air drying or using a drying oven. 3. Total mass determination: The dry sample is weighed on a precision balance to determine its total mass.

[0078] 4. Removal of the fiber bonding material: A chemical method can be used to separate the reinforcing fibers from the fiber bonding material. For example, the chemical method can be incineration or pyrolysis of the fiber bonding material. Incineration is particularly suitable when the reinforcing fibers are mineral fibers, e.g., glass fibers or basalt fibers. Pyrolysis is particularly suitable when the reinforcing fibers are carbon fibers.

[0079] 5. Determination of fiber mass: The mass of the reinforcing fibers remaining after the chemical method is determined on a precision balance.

[0080] 6. Calculation of the mass fraction: The mass of the reinforcing fibers is divided by the total mass and the result is multiplied by 100 to obtain the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in percent.

[0081] A volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone can be determined as follows:

[0082] 1. Sampling: A representative sample of the material used to form the reinforcement zone is taken from the protective element. This ensures that the sample contains a uniform amount of reinforcement fibers and fiber bonding material.

[0083] 2. Making cuts: Cuts are made in different cutting directions.

[0084] 3. Determine the total cutting area: The total cutting area of ​​the generated cutting surfaces is calculated.

[0085] 4. Determine the fiber cross-sectional area: The total cross-sectional area occupied by the reinforcing fibers within the sections is determined by microscopy. 5. Calculate the volume fraction: The fiber cross-sectional area is divided by the total cross-sectional area and the result is multiplied by 100 to obtain the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers as a percentage.

[0086] It may be advantageous if the reinforcement zone comprises a fiber fabric and / or the reinforcement fibers, e.g., the glass fibers, are unidirectionally aligned in at least one layer of the reinforcement zone.

[0087] The fiber fabric may contain glass fibers.

[0088] The fiber fabric can, for example, be a glass fiber fabric.

[0089] It may be advantageous if the reinforcing fibers, e.g., the glass fibers, are unidirectionally aligned in at least one further layer of the reinforcement zone, wherein the alignment of the reinforcing fibers, e.g., the glass fibers, in the at least one further layer of the reinforcement zone differs from the alignment of the reinforcing fibers, e.g., the glass fibers, in the at least one layer of the reinforcement zone.

[0090] For example, the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in one layer to the orientation of the reinforcing fibers in the further layer can assume an angle of at least 2°, preferably at least 4°, particularly preferably at least 10°, very particularly preferably at least 20°, in particular at least 30°, e.g. at least 45°.

[0091] It can be advantageous if the reinforcement zone has several UD tape layers.

[0092] The term “UD tape layer” can in particular refer to a layer of the reinforcement zone that is made of a UD tape.

[0093] The term "UD tape" is familiar to experts. UD tapes enable the lightweight construction of high-strength structural elements with high material efficiency. Unidirectional tapes, also called UD tapes, are continuous fiber-reinforced strips of various widths with unidirectionally aligned reinforcing fibers. It can be advantageous if the tensile modulus of elasticity is measured in the fiber direction.

[0094] It may be advantageous if the fiber connecting material contains a thermoplastic material and / or is made of a thermoplastic material.

[0095] It may be advantageous if the melt mass flow rate (abbreviated, for example, also referred to as MFR, colloquially, for example, also as MFI) of the fiber connecting material is at least 50 g / 10 minutes, in particular at least 100 g / 10 minutes, preferably at least 200 g / 10 minutes, particularly preferably at least 400 g / 10 minutes, very particularly preferably at least 650 g / 10 minutes, e.g., at least 1100 g / 10 minutes.

[0096] It may be advantageous if the melt mass flow rate of the fiber connecting material is at most 10,000 g / 10 minutes, in particular at most 5,000 g / 10 minutes, preferably at most 4,500 g / 10 minutes, particularly preferably at most 4,000 g / 10 minutes, very particularly preferably at most 3,500 g / 10 minutes, e.g. at most 3,200 g / 10 minutes.

[0097] It may be particularly advantageous if the melt mass flow rate of the fiber connecting material is 50 g / 10 minutes to 10,000 g / 10 minutes, in particular 100 g / 10 minutes to 5,000 g / 10 minutes, preferably 200 g / 10 minutes to 4,500 g / 10 minutes, particularly preferably 400 g / 10 minutes to 4,000 g / 10 minutes, very particularly preferably 650 g / 10 minutes to 3,500 g / 10 minutes, e.g. 1,100 g / 10 minutes to 3,200 g / 10 minutes.

[0098] The thermoplastic material may preferably be a thermoplastic copolymer or homopolymer material.

[0099] The thermoplastic material can be, for example, a polyolefin material, preferably a polypropylene material.

[0100] Many different commercially available thermoplastic materials are considered for the manufacture of and / or as components of the thermoplastic material. In particular, many different commercially available polymers and thermoplastic materials exhibit melt mass-flow rates within the ranges specified herein.

[0101] Good impregnation could be achieved quickly in the reinforcement zone, even with the high mass fractions and / or volume fractions of reinforcing fibers specified herein, especially when a thermoplastic material with a high MFR was used as the fiber bonding material.

[0102] However, it was observed that surfaces of the reinforcement zone then appeared less homogeneous and individual fibers were sometimes clearly visible.

[0103] It turns out that sealing materials pressed onto these areas were not always able to reliably achieve the desired sealing effect. This created the challenge of achieving the desired sealing effect with greater reliability, even directly at reinforcement zones, using conventional sealing materials.

[0104] It was also shown that common UD tapes are manufactured with matrix systems or fiber bonding materials that sink less deeply into the tape's interior and tend to form a more closed tape surface. Therefore, components or protective elements manufactured with such tapes have a significantly more homogeneous surface with lower roughness. However, this improved surface quality with these UD tapes comes at the cost of poor impregnation of the tape, which is significantly reflected in the mechanical properties, especially under impact loads. This reduction in properties is undesirable and / or not permissible for impact-loaded components, such as underbody protection elements.

[0105] It may be advantageous if the protective element has a sealing layer, wherein it may be advantageous if at least a portion of the sealing layer is arranged on the reinforcement zone and seals at least a portion of the reinforcement zone.

[0106] The sealing layer can completely or partially fill pores and / or depressions present on the surface of the reinforcement zone and / or reduce surface roughness of the reinforcement zone, thereby achieving the desired sealing effect on the surface with greater reliability. At the same time, the fiber bonding material can achieve greater resistance to impact loads. If the sealing is achieved through the sealing layer, the fiber bonding material is not required. The fiber bonding material can therefore penetrate into a core area of ​​the reinforcement zone and bond reinforcing fibers there as well, which appears to increase overall resistance to impact loads.

[0107] It may be advantageous if the at least one sealed section of the reinforcement zone is a section of the suspension zone or the suspension zone and / or extends around the mounting recess.

[0108] It may be advantageous if the sealing layer does not contain any reinforcing fibers or if a mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer is lower than the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone or if a volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer is lower than the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone.

[0109] It may be advantageous if the sealing layer contains and / or consists of and / or is made of a sealing plastic. The sealing plastic can contain or be a polyolefin, e.g., polypropylene.

[0110] It may be advantageous if the sealing layer is made of a plastic film and / or contains a plastic film and / or consists of a plastic film, wherein the plastic film contains a sealing plastic and / or consists of a sealing plastic and / or is made of a sealing plastic.

[0111] The plastic film may preferably be a polyolefin film, e.g. a polypropylene film.

[0112] The sealing plastic preferably has a melt flow rate of less than 50 g / 10 minutes, more preferably less than 20 g / 10 minutes, most preferably less than 10 g / 10 minutes, e.g., less than 5 g / 10 minutes. If the sealing layer does not contain reinforcing fibers, the average thickness of the sealing layer can preferably be 10 micrometers to 500 micrometers, more preferably 25 micrometers to 400 micrometers, e.g., 30 micrometers to 250 micrometers.

[0113] The melt mass flow rate values ​​given herein refer to the melt mass flow rate measured according to ISO 1133-1:2012 at 230°C and 2.16 kg.

[0114] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the sealing layer can be created with a tape, especially UD tape.

[0115] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone may be at least 1.1 times the mass fraction, preferably at least 1.2 times the mass fraction, of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer.

[0116] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone may be at most 30 times the mass fraction, preferably at most 20 times the mass fraction, of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer.

[0117] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone may be 1.1 times to 30 times the mass fraction, preferably 1.2 times to 20 times the mass fraction, of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer.

[0118] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone may be at least 1.1 times the volume fraction, preferably at least 1.2 times the volume fraction, of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer.

[0119] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone can correspond to a maximum of 30 times the volume fraction, preferably a maximum of 20 times the volume fraction, of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer. If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, the volume fraction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcement zone can correspond to 1.1 times to 30 times the volume fraction, preferably 1.2 times to 20 times the volume fraction, of the reinforcing fibers in the sealing layer.

[0120] If the sealing layer contains reinforcing fibers, an average thickness of the sealing layer may preferably be 50 micrometers to 500 micrometers, particularly preferably 80 micrometers to 400 micrometers, e.g., 125 micrometers to 250 micrometers.

[0121] It may be advantageous if the protective element comprises a shielding zone in which the first and second shielding layers are spaced apart from one another.

[0122] In the shielding zone, the thickness of all shielding layers together can, for example, be 0.005% to 80% of an average wall thickness of the protective element.

[0123] The average wall thickness of the protective element can be an average wall thickness in the shielding zone.

[0124] The thickness of all shielding layers together can in particular be 0.01% to 50%, preferably 0.05% to 30%, e.g. 0.05% to 15%, of this average wall thickness.

[0125] A density of the protective element may preferably be at most 2.0 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably not more than 1.7 g / cm 3 , The density of the protective element can in particular be in a range of 0.03 g / cm 3 and 2.0 g / cm 3 e.g., in a range of 0.04 g / cm 3 up to 1.7 g / cm 3 .

[0126] The density of the protective element can, in particular, be an average density of the protective element. The average density can be determined from the mass and volume of the protective element. The volume of the protective element can, for example, correspond to the volume of a liquid, e.g., water, that is displaced by the protective element when immersed in the liquid, e.g., water. At least one layer of the protective element can be foamed. The at least one foamed layer of the protective element can, for example, contain a foamed plastic.

[0127] A particularly low density can be achieved, for example, by foaming at least one layer of the protective element and keeping the thickness of the shielding layer and / or all shielding layers combined as small as possible. This can, in particular, contribute to achieving pronounced shielding attenuation with a particularly lightweight protective element, ultimately increasing the effectiveness and operational safety of a motor vehicle.

[0128] Surprisingly, tests described in more detail herein in connection with Figs. 12 to 16 showed that highly pronounced shielding effects can be achieved with two shielding layers according to the invention. This is achieved with very little shielding material.

[0129] In this respect in particular, the protective element according to the invention can be produced effectively and with particularly low expenditure on shielding material.

[0130] The number of shielding layers comprised by the protective element is not limited to two. For example, the protective element may comprise only one shielding layer or more than two shielding layers.

[0131] It may be advantageous if the protective element comprises a third shielding layer to protect against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0132] It can be particularly advantageous if the protective element comprises a fourth shielding layer to protect against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0133] It may be advantageous if, in the shielding zone in which the first and second shielding layers are spaced apart from one another, the second and third shielding layers are also spaced apart from one another. In at least one region of the shielding zone in which the first and second shielding layers are spaced apart from one another, a distance between the second and third shielding layers may differ from a distance between the first and second shielding layers.

[0134] It may be advantageous if the protective element comprises a reinforcement layer or multiple reinforcement layers, wherein it may be advantageous if the reinforcement layer or at least one of the reinforcement layers contains fibers, e.g., glass fibers, particularly in the form of glass fibers contained in unidirectional tapes. In a layered structure of the protective element, the reinforcement layer or at least one of the reinforcement layers can be arranged, at least in a portion of the protective element, closer to an outer surface of the protective element than the shielding layer and / or closer to an outer surface of the protective element than at least one of multiple shielding layers of the protective element.

[0135] It may be advantageous if an intermediate layer is arranged between the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer.

[0136] The intermediate layer may preferably comprise a plastic layer and / or a reinforcement layer.

[0137] The intermediate layer may comprise a plastic layer.

[0138] The intermediate layer may comprise a reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer may contain reinforcing elements, e.g., fibers.

[0139] The intermediate layer may comprise a plastic layer and a reinforcing layer.

[0140] The term “interlayer” may refer herein to a single-layer interlayer or to a multi-layer interlayer structure.

[0141] Preferably, the intermediate layer can be arranged in the shielding zone between the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer. If the protective element comprises a third shielding layer for protection against electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, a further intermediate layer can be arranged between the second shielding layer and the third shielding layer. The layer structure of the further intermediate layer can correspond to the layer structure of the intermediate layer or differ from the layer structure of the intermediate layer.

[0142] Preferably, the further intermediate layer can be arranged in the shielding zone between the second shielding layer and the third shielding layer.

[0143] The protective element is not limited in terms of the type and number of layers. In particular, the protective element may comprise additional layers in addition to the layers mentioned.

[0144] It can be particularly advantageous if there is a layer composite zone in which the first and second shielding layers are connected by means of the intermediate layer.

[0145] Advantageously, a layer composite zone in which the first and second shielding layers are connected by means of the intermediate layer can be present in the shielding zone.

[0146] The protective element can be a layered composite protective element or a layered composite component.

[0147] It may be particularly advantageous if the first shielding layer, the second shielding layer and the intermediate layer arranged between the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer represent the layer structure or part of the layer structure of the layer composite protective element or the layer composite component.

[0148] The protective element, e.g. the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component, can be obtained entirely or partially by compression molding.

[0149] The protective element, e.g., the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component, can be obtained, in particular, entirely or partially, by a compression molding process, wherein a precursor material of an intermediate layer is arranged between a precursor of a first shielding layer and a precursor of a second shielding layer. The protective element precursor obtained in this way can be converted into the protective element, e.g., the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component.

[0150] The protective element, e.g. the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component, can be obtained at least partially by injection molding.

[0151] The protective element, e.g., the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component, can in particular be obtained entirely or partially by an injection molding process, wherein a flowable precursor mass of an intermediate layer or a portion of an intermediate layer is introduced between a precursor of a first shielding layer and a precursor of a second shielding layer. The protective element precursor obtained in this way can be converted into the protective element, e.g., the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component.

[0152] The conversion of the protective element precursor into the protective element can be carried out, for example, in a forming tool, e.g. in a compression molding tool or an injection molding tool.

[0153] Preferably, the forming tool can be used to form the protective element, e.g., the layered composite protective element or the layered composite component. In this case, an interior space of the protective element described herein and / or a recess of the protective element described herein can be formed in whole or in part.

[0154] A shielding layer may differ from other layers or another layer of the protective element, for example, in that the electrical conductivity of the shielding layer is greater than an electrical conductivity of the other layers or the other layer of the protective element.

[0155] It can be particularly advantageous if the shielding layer is electrically conductive and / or the shielding layers are electrically conductive. Reference herein to the electrical conductivity of a shielding layer refers in particular to the electrical conductivity of the shielding layer in the layer plane. The electrical conductivity can exist in at least one direction within the layer plane.

[0156] An electrical conductivity of a shielding layer can be at least 5 S / m, preferably at least 20 S / m, e.g. at least 100 S / m, within the layer plane in at least one direction.

[0157] It may be advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., the first shielding layer, has a permeability rof at least 10. Preferably, the permeability number can be at least 50, more preferably at least 250, most preferably at least 1000, e.g. at least 5000. The permeability number r can be 10 to 1,000,000, preferably 50 to 2,000,000, particularly preferably 250 to 1,500,000.

[0158] It can be advantageous if the permeability r the first shielding layer is at least 10 times as large, particularly preferably at least 50 times as large, e.g. at least 400 times as large as the permeability number r the second shielding layer.

[0159] It can be advantageous if the permeability numbers of the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer behave according to the following formula:

[0160] Mr(1) = k |j r (2) wherein

[0161] |y r (1) for the permeability number r the first shielding layer, |jr (2) for the permeability number r the second shielding layer and the factor k is at least 10, preferably at least 10 2 , particularly preferably at least 10 3 , most preferably at least 10 4 , e.g. at least 10 5 , can amount to.

[0162] A particularly high permeability of the first shielding layer can be advantageous. The factor k can be up to 10 7 , preferably up to 5 times 10 6 , particularly preferably up to 2 times 10 6 , most preferably up to 8 times 10 5 , e.g. up to 6 times 10 5 , amount to.

[0163] The factor k can advantageously be in the range of 10 to 10 7 , preferably in the range of 10 to 5 times 10 6 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 2 up to 5 times 10 6 , most preferably in the range of 10 3 up to 2 times 10 6, e.g. in the range of 10 4 up to 6 times 10 5 , lay.

[0164] It may be particularly advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. the first shielding layer, is ferromagnetic.

[0165] Preferably, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., the first shielding layer, may contain a mu-metal, a permalloy, or a supermalloy, or may be formed from a mu-metal, a permalloy, or a supermalloy.

[0166] It may be advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. the first shielding layer, contains a mu-metal or is formed from a mu-metal.

[0167] It may be advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. the first shielding layer, contains a permalloy or is formed from a permalloy.

[0168] It may be advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., the first shielding layer, contains a supermalloy or is formed from a supermalloy.

[0169] For certain applications where a particularly pronounced shielding effect is desired, it has proven particularly helpful to design the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers in such a way that the permeability p ris high, or to manufacture the at least one shielding layer from a ferromagnetic material, e.g., from a mu-metal. In connection with the invention, it has been found that particularly effective shielding in the near field can be achieved in this way. It can be particularly advantageous if the protective element comprises a contact zone in which the first and second shielding layers are in electrical contact or in which an electrical contact can be established between the first and second shielding layers.

[0170] In the contact zone, the first and second shielding layers can be in electrical contact. The first and second shielding layers can be in direct electrical contact in the contact zone. One of the two shielding layers can be extended up to the other of the two shielding layers in the contact zone. In the contact zone, a surface of the first shielding layer can extend along the surface of the second shielding layer, in contact with a surface of the second shielding layer.

[0171] In the contact zone, the first and second shielding layers can be in indirect electrical contact. An electrically conductive connecting element can be provided in the contact zone, connecting the first and second shielding layers. Preferably, the electrically conductive connecting element can bridge the first and second shielding layers via an intermediate layer.

[0172] The electrically conductive connecting element can bridge the first and second shielding layers, for example, through the intermediate layer. Alternatively, the electrically conductive connecting element can bridge the first and second shielding layers at an edge. The edge can be an edge of an intermediate layer or an edge of the protective element, wherein the first and second shielding layers can preferably extend up to the edge of the protective element.

[0173] In the contact zone, an electrical contact can be established between the first and second shielding layers. In the contact zone, an electrical contact can be established between the first and second shielding layers, preferably via an arrangement zone. The arrangement zone can, for example, be designed such that an electrically conductive connecting element can be arranged in or on the arrangement zone. The arrangement zone can, for example, be a receiving zone or comprise a receiving zone, wherein the electrically conductive connecting element or a part of the electrically conductive connecting element can be received in the receiving zone. It can be advantageous if the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer each extend up to the arrangement zone, e.g., up to the receiving zone.

[0174] The electrically conductive connecting element described herein may be, for example, a sleeve, a screw, a rivet, a hose, in particular a fully knitted hose, or a sheet metal part, in particular a sheet metal part formed by forming a sheet metal.

[0175] Preferably, the protective element comprises a contact zone.

[0176] By means of the contacting zone, an electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer and a device to which the protective element can be connected, e.g. mounted.

[0177] By means of the contacting zone, an electrical contact can be established between at least one of the shielding layers of the protective element and a device to which the protective element can be connected, e.g. mounted.

[0178] By means of the contacting zone, an electrical contact can be established between at least one of the shielding layers of the protective element and a device to which the protective element can be connected, e.g. mounted.

[0179] The contacting zone may preferably be a surface of the shielding layer and / or a surface of at least one of the shielding layers and / or be located on a surface of the shielding layer and / or on a surface of at least one of the shielding layers.

[0180] The electrical contact that can be established between the contact zone and the device can be a direct electrical contact or an indirect electrical contact between the surface of the at least one shielding layer and the device. If the contact is an indirect contact, the contact can be an electrical contact that can be bridged or is bridged by a bridging element between the at least one shielding layer and the device. It can be particularly advantageous if the protective element comprises a contacting element.

[0181] Preferably, an electrical contact, in particular a direct or indirect electrical contact, between the contact zone and the device can be established or stabilized by means of the contacting element.

[0182] For example, a direct electrical contact between the contact zone and the device can be established or stabilized by means of the contacting element.

[0183] In this case, the contacting element can be pressed onto the at least one shielding layer from an inner region of the protective element in the region of the contacting zone. As a result, the at least one shielding layer can be supported from an inner region of the protective element in the region of the contacting zone in such a way that an outer surface of the at least one shielding layer, which can be the contacting zone, can be firmly pressed onto the device.

[0184] For example, a protrusion element can be pressed onto the shielding layer so that the contacting zone there, e.g., at a point, bulges toward the device, thereby enabling a more stable electrical contact to the device. The contacting element can then be electrically conductive or electrically insulating. This is because it can promote the establishment or stabilization of direct electrical contact between the at least one shielding layer and the device essentially through a supporting effect. The contacting element itself then does not need to conduct electrical current.

[0185] Preferably, an electrical contact bridged by the contacting element can be established between the contacting zone and the device. For example, one surface of the contacting element can be in electrically conductive contact with the contacting zone, which can be, for example, a surface of the at least one shielding layer, and another surface of the contacting element can be brought into electrically conductive contact with the device. The contacting element is then electrically conductive. Preferably, the contacting element can be annular. The annular contacting element can be a sleeve. Such a shape can be advantageous because, for fastening the protective element to the device, a connecting element, e.g., a screw, can be passed through the opening of the annular contacting element or the sleeve.

[0186] Advantageously, at least part of the contacting element can be integrally connected to the intermediate layer and / or at least part of the contacting element can be integrated into the intermediate layer. This can be achieved in a particularly elegant manner, for example, by positioning the contacting element at the desired location between the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer in a molding process, so that a precursor material of the intermediate layer, e.g., a plastic material and / or a reinforcing material, in particular a plastic melt, can spread around the contacting element and integrate the contacting element into the resulting intermediate layer.

[0187] Preferably, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers may comprise a shielding layer overhang.

[0188] It may be advantageous if the shielding layer overhang encompasses the contacting zone.

[0189] The shielding layer overhang can be understood in particular as the area of ​​a shielding layer that projects beyond another layer of the layer structure of the protective element.

[0190] Advantageously, an electrically conductive connecting element, e.g., a sleeve, via which an electrical contact between the first and second shielding layers is or can be established in the contact zone, can simultaneously provide a receptacle for a connecting element to which the protective element can be connected, e.g., mounted.

[0191] Preferably, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers extends into a contacting zone. The contacting zone can be an outer surface contacting zone. In the outer surface contacting zone, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers can form a cover layer of a multilayered structure of the protective element.

[0192] The cover layer is always referred to as the layer that forms the final layer in the layer structure of the protective element. One of the main surfaces of the cover layer then forms one of the main surfaces of the protective element.

[0193] The protective element can preferably comprise an offset zone. In the offset zone, at least one of the shielding layers can extend toward the other shielding layer or toward another shielding layer. The offset zone can be arranged at a transition from the shielding zone to the contact zone.

[0194] It may be advantageous if at least one of the shielding layers comprises a bead and / or a raised zone and / or a fold. The bead can be a half-bead or a full bead. Electrical contact can be established between the first and second shielding layers via the bead, the raised zone, and / or the fold. Alternatively or additionally, electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer and a device and / or between at least one of the shielding layers and a device via the bead, the raised zone, and / or the fold in the contacting zone.

[0195] It can be particularly advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. at least the second shielding layer, contains the following: a metallic alloy, where the metallic alloy can be, for example, a metallic alloy based on aluminum, copper, iron or silver; a conductive carbon material, where the conductive carbon material can contain, for example, carbon fibers or graphite; a composite of a metal and a textile material, preferably a metallic-coated textile material, where the textile material can preferably be a knit, a woven, a scrim, a knitted fabric, a braid or a nonwoven, e.g. a composite of an aluminum foil and a PET nonwoven; a film, preferably a metal foil, e.g. an aluminum foil; an expanded metal; a regular fiber-containing sheet-like structure, where the regular fiber-containing sheet-like structure can be, for example,a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, a scrim, a knitted fabric, or a braid; and / or an irregular fibrous sheet material, where the irregular fibrous sheet material may be, for example, a nonwoven fabric.

[0196] The shielding layer or layers may each independently contain at least one of the alternatives listed above.

[0197] Preferably, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., at least the second shielding layer, can be present as a foil, a sheet, a regular fibrous sheet, wherein the regular fibrous sheet can be, e.g., a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or a braid, or as an irregular fibrous sheet, wherein the irregular fibrous sheet can be, e.g., a nonwoven fabric.

[0198] The foil can be a metal foil, e.g. an aluminum foil.

[0199] Preferably, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. at least the second shielding layer, can be selected from: an aluminum foil, an aluminum grid, a stainless steel grid, a bronze grid, a copper grid, a plastic nonwoven (e.g. PET nonwoven) with applied aluminum film, a plastic nonwoven (e.g. PET nonwoven) coated on one side with copper, a carbon fiber-containing unidirectional tape, a nonwoven made of recycled carbon fibers, a graphite foil and a polymer (e.g. polypropylene) in combination with an aluminum grid.

[0200] It may be particularly advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. at least the second shielding layer, contains a metal, e.g. aluminum, copper, iron and / or silver.

[0201] It may be particularly advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. at least the second shielding layer, contains aluminum.

[0202] It may be particularly advantageous if a thickness of the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. a thickness of the second shielding layer, is at most 3 mm.

[0203] Preferably, the thickness of the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. a thickness of the second shielding layer, can be 50 pm to 2.5 mm, particularly preferably 100 pm to 2 mm, very particularly preferably 200 pm to 1.5 mm, e.g. 0.001 mm to 0.7 mm.

[0204] Preferably, the thickness of the shielding layer and / or of at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., the thickness of the second shielding layer, may be an average thickness of the respective shielding layer.

[0205] It may be advantageous if the thickness of the shielding layer and / or all shielding layers, e.g. the thickness of the first shielding layer, the thickness of the second shielding layer and, if present, the thickness of at least one further shielding layer, is in each case at most 3 mm, preferably 50 μm to 2.5 mm, particularly preferably 100 μm to 2 mm, very particularly preferably 200 μm to 1.5 mm, e.g. 0.001 mm to 0.7 mm.

[0206] It may be particularly advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., at least the second shielding layer, is an aluminum foil or an aluminum sheet. The thickness of the aluminum foil or the aluminum sheet may in particular be 0.02 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 0.25 mm, e.g., 0.12 mm to 0.18 mm.

[0207] Advantageously, the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g., the first shielding layer, can have a permeability p r of at least 10, be ferromagnetic and / or contain a mu-metal or be formed from a mu-metal, and the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers, e.g. at least the second shielding layer, can be a foil, a metal foil, an aluminum foil, a metal sheet or an aluminum sheet.

[0208] It can be particularly advantageous if the foil, metal foil, aluminum foil, metal sheet, or aluminum sheet, e.g., the foil, metal foil, or aluminum foil, is bonded to an adjacent layer by means of an adhesion promoter. The adjacent layer can be, for example, the intermediate layer, the plastic layer, and / or the reinforcement layer.

[0209] It may be advantageous if the shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers is formed on a surface of a substrate layer.

[0210] The shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers can be formed on the surface, preferably by deposition from a surrounding medium. The surrounding medium can be a surrounding fluid, e.g., a surrounding gas phase.

[0211] Experts are familiar with methods for depositing layers on surfaces from surrounding media.

[0212] The shielding layer and / or at least one of the shielding layers may be deposited on the surface, for example by vapor deposition.

[0213] The substrate layer may be the intermediate layer described herein, e.g., a plastic layer forming the intermediate layer described herein or contained in the intermediate layer described herein, or a reinforcing layer forming the intermediate layer described herein or contained in the intermediate layer described herein. Preferably, the protective element may comprise a protective element surface for attaching the protective element to a device susceptible to interference by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields or to a source of electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0214] The protective element may, for example, comprise a protective element surface for attaching the protective element to a device that can be disturbed by electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0215] The protective element may, for example, comprise a protective element surface for attaching the protective element to a source of electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0216] The protective element can be an emission protection element. Preferably, the emission protection element can comprise a protective element surface for attaching the emission protection element to a device susceptible to interference by electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0217] The protective element may be an emission protection element. Preferably, the emission protection element may comprise a protective element surface for attaching the emission protection element to a source of electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0218] The protective element can have a recess and / or define an interior space. The interior space can extend into the recess. It can be advantageous if the sealing element or the carrier, or at least two of the at least two sealing elements that the protective element can have, extend completely or partially around the recess. This can contribute to the sealing of the interior space from the environment.

[0219] A first dimension, e.g., length, of the protective element measurable in a first direction can be greater than a second dimension, e.g., width, of the protective element measurable in a second direction oriented orthogonally to the first direction. A first dimension, e.g., length, of the protective element measurable in a first direction can be greater than a third dimension, e.g., depth, of the protective element measurable in a third direction oriented orthogonally to the first direction.

[0220] It may be advantageous if the third direction is aligned orthogonally to the first direction and orthogonally to the second direction.

[0221] It may be advantageous if the extent measurable in the first direction is 0.7 m to 4.0 m, preferably 1.0 m to 3.5 m, in particular 1.2 m to 3.2 m, e.g. 1.5 m to 3.0 m.

[0222] It may be advantageous if the extent measurable in the second direction is at most 90% of the extent measurable in the first direction and / or is 0.2 m to 3.0 m, preferably 0.3 m to 2.8 m, in particular 0.5 m to 2.6 m, e.g. 0.8 m to 2.3 m.

[0223] It may be advantageous if the extent measurable in the third direction is at most 30% of the extent measurable in the first direction and / or is 3 cm to 120 cm, preferably 4 cm to 100 cm, in particular 5 cm to 90 cm, e.g. 6 cm to 80 cm.

[0224] Preferably, the protective element surface can extend from a protective element edge to one or the recess of the protective element for attachment of the protective element.

[0225] The protective element surface may be a surface of a flange.

[0226] The protective element surface may have a plurality of contact zones. Each of the contact zones may be a contact zone described herein.

[0227] The average spacing of the contact zones can preferably be in a range of 0.5 cm to 80 cm, particularly preferably in a range of 1 cm to 50 cm, e.g., in a range of 1.5 cm to 30 cm. The recess can extend into an interior space of the protective element.

[0228] The device which can be disturbed by electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields can be incorporated or accommodated in the interior in whole or in part.

[0229] The source of electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields may be absorbed or incorporated into the interior space in whole or in part.

[0230] A wall, e.g., a side wall, of the protective element may extend to the protective element surface. The wall may completely or partially surround the interior space or extend completely or partially around the interior space.

[0231] The protective element may have at least one feedthrough zone.

[0232] The feedthrough zone can extend into the interior of the protective element. The feedthrough zone can extend, for example, through the wall, e.g., through the side wall, into the interior.

[0233] The protective element can be a housing element. The protective element can be, for example, an inverter housing element. An inverter can be accommodated or incorporated in the interior, either completely or partially.

[0234] A cable may extend through a feedthrough zone to the inverter. The cable shield is preferably connected circumferentially and / or completely and / or continuously to the housing shield.

[0235] The object is achieved according to the invention by the energy supply system according to the relevant independent claim.

[0236] The energy supply system can, for example, be an energy supply system for a fully or partially electrically powered vehicle. In particular, the energy supply system can be designed and configured to provide all or part of the energy required to accelerate the motor vehicle. The energy supply system comprises at least two conversion devices.

[0237] A conversion device is referred to herein in particular as a device which is designed and configured to convert energy or electrical current from one form into another form.

[0238] One of the at least two conversion devices can be, for example, an inverter. The inverter can be designed and configured to convert direct current, which can be supplied to the inverter from an electrochemical energy storage device, into alternating current.

[0239] At least one of the at least two conversion devices can be an electrical machine, e.g., an electric motor. The electrical machine, e.g., the electric motor, can be designed and configured to convert electrical energy, which can be supplied to the electrical machine, e.g., the electric motor, as alternating current, into a rotational movement with which the motor vehicle can be accelerated.

[0240] The energy supply system comprises a connecting device that connects the at least two conversion devices. Preferably, the connecting device can electrically connect the at least two conversion devices.

[0241] The energy supply system comprises at least one protective element described herein on at least one of the at least two conversion devices and / or on the connection device for protecting an environment of the energy supply system from electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0242] Preferably, the energy supply system may comprise a protective element as described herein on at least one of the at least two conversion devices. The at least one protective element may serve to protect the environment of the energy supply system from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0243] Preferably, the energy supply system can comprise at least one protective element described herein on the connecting device. The at least one protective element can serve to protect an environment of the energy supply system from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0244] Preferably, the energy supply system can comprise at least one protective element described herein on at least one of the at least two conversion devices and on the connecting device. The at least one protective element can serve to protect an environment of the energy supply system from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0245] Preferably, the energy supply system can comprise at least one first protective element described herein on at least one first of the at least two conversion devices and at least one second protective element on at least one second of the at least two conversion devices. Preferably, the second protective element can also be a protective element described herein. The at least two protective elements serve to protect an environment of the energy supply system from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0246] It is preferred if, in order to protect the environment, at least one of the at least two conversion devices and / or the connecting device is accommodated entirely or partially in an interior space or in a recess of the at least one protective element.

[0247] The connecting device may preferably comprise a cable or a cable harness.

[0248] The at least two conversion devices and the connecting device can represent sources of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. The at least one protective element comprising the power supply system can preferably be an emission protection element that can protect devices in the vicinity of the power supply system that are susceptible to interference from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0249] It may be advantageous if a first of the conversion devices is configured to convert an electrical current that can be supplied to the first conversion device into an electrical current that can be output from the first conversion device. The first of the conversion devices can preferably be a power converter, for example, an inverter.

[0250] It may be advantageous if a second of the conversion devices is configured to convert an electrical current that can be supplied to the second conversion device into a rotational movement.

[0251] Preferably, the shielding layer, e.g., the first shielding layer, which has, for example, a permeability p rof at least 10, preferably of at least 50, particularly preferably of at least 250, very particularly preferably of at least 1000, e.g. of at least 5000; and / or is ferromagnetic; and / or contains a mu-metal or is formed from a mu-metal, be arranged closer to an inner surface of a recess of the protective element than another of the shielding layers, e.g. the second shielding layer.

[0252] In particular, a source of electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields that is fully or partially incorporated into an interior space or recess of the protective element can be effectively shielded. It has been found that a better shielding effect can be achieved if a shielding layer with one of the specified permeabilities, for example, one that is ferromagnetic and / or contains the mu-metal, is placed particularly close to the source to be shielded.

[0253] It may be advantageous if a sealing material is applied or arranged on the suspension zone in the energy supply system, wherein it may be advantageous if the sealing material extends around the mounting recess.

[0254] It may be advantageous if a sealing material is applied or arranged on the sealing layer in the energy supply system.

[0255] The object is achieved according to the invention by a communication system according to the relevant independent claim.

[0256] The communication system can, for example, be a communication system for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle. However, it is also conceivable that the communication system is a communication system for communication between different devices, for example, different motor vehicles.

[0257] A communication system can be understood as any system that enables the transmission of information between communication devices within the communication system. In particular, the communication system can be designed and configured to transmit information in the form of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signals.

[0258] Communication can be understood in particular as any transmission of electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic signals, any control effected by this means and any connection of communication devices of the communication system effected by this means.

[0259] The communication system comprises a first communication device having an interface for emitting an electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic signal.

[0260] In particular, various communication devices are installed in motor vehicles that enable communication between different components of the vehicle or between one or more components of the motor vehicle and passengers of the motor vehicle.

[0261] The first communication device can be, for example, a control device or a telecommunications device.

[0262] The communication system comprises a second communication device having an interface for receiving the electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic signal of the first communication device.

[0263] The second communication device can be, for example, a control unit or a telecommunications device. The interfaces can be designed and configured to transmit the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal via a transmission device extending from the interface of the first communication device to the interface of the second communication device. The transmission device can comprise, for example, a cable.

[0264] Alternatively, the interfaces can be designed and configured to transmit the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal through a medium surrounding the interfaces. The medium can, for example, contain air or be air. Preferably, the interface of the first communication device can have a transmitting device or be connected to a transmitting device with which the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal can be emitted.

[0265] The interface of the second communication device may comprise a receiving device or be connected to a receiving device that can receive the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal from the first communication device. The receiving device may be designed and configured to receive the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal from the first communication device.

[0266] The communication system comprises at least one protective element described herein for protecting at least one of the communication devices from electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, wherein it is preferred if, in order to protect the at least one of the communication devices from electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, the at least one of the communication devices is accommodated wholly or partially in an interior space or in a recess of the protective element.

[0267] It may be advantageous if a sealing material is applied or arranged on the suspension zone in the communication system, wherein it may be advantageous if the sealing material extends around the mounting recess.

[0268] It may be advantageous if a sealing material is applied or arranged on the sealing layer in the communication system. This object is achieved according to the invention by a motor vehicle according to the relevant independent claim.

[0269] The motor vehicle may, for example, be a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle.

[0270] The motor vehicle contains a source of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0271] The source may advantageously be a conversion device of a power supply system of the motor vehicle, e.g. an electric motor or an inverter, or a connecting device.

[0272] The connecting device can connect two conversion devices to each other. Preferably, the connecting device can electrically connect two conversion devices to each other.

[0273] The motor vehicle comprises a device that can be disturbed by electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, wherein the device that can be disturbed by electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields can be or comprise, for example, a communication device of the motor vehicle.

[0274] The motor vehicle comprises at least one protective element as described herein, wherein the protective element is arranged wholly or partly between the source of the device which can be disturbed by the electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0275] It may be advantageous if a sealing material is applied or arranged on the suspension zone in the motor vehicle, wherein it may be advantageous if the sealing material extends around the mounting recess.

[0276] It may be advantageous if a sealing material is applied or arranged on the sealing layer in the motor vehicle. This object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to the relevant independent claim.

[0277] The method is a method for producing a protective element, an underbody protection element and / or a battery housing part described herein, wherein a sealing of a surface region of a base body of the protective element, the underbody protection element and / or the battery housing part is carried out by applying a plastic-containing sealing material.

[0278] It may be advantageous if the base body has a shielding layer and / or a shielding layer extends through the base body and / or along a surface of the base body.

[0279] The shielding layer may in particular be the shielding layer described herein or one of the shielding layers described herein.

[0280] The shielding layer may, for example, be the shielding layer described herein in connection with the protective element or one of the shielding layers described herein in connection with the protective element.

[0281] It may be advantageous if the base body is formed in a forming tool from a plurality of starting materials which are partially or completely overlapped on one another in a planar manner, wherein it may be advantageous if at least one of the starting materials is fiber-reinforced, wherein the plastic-containing sealing material is also introduced into the forming tool and / or the sealing of the surface area in the forming tool by the plastic-containing sealing material takes place directly during the production of the fiber-reinforced base body.

[0282] It can be advantageous if one of the partially or completely overlapping starting materials is the shielding layer.

[0283] It may be advantageous if the base body contains a fiber bonding material and / or the fiber bonding material is incorporated into the forming tool. The fiber bonding material may preferably be the fiber bonding material described herein in connection with the protective element.

[0284] Preferably, the fiber-reinforced starting material may be a UD tape, wherein the UD tape comprises the fiber connecting material.

[0285] For example, the plastic-containing sealing material can be introduced into the forming tool and the sealing of the surface area in the forming tool by the plastic-containing sealing material can take place directly during the production of the fiber-reinforced base body.

[0286] It may be advantageous if the base body is a fiber-reinforced base body and the surface area is porous and / or a part of the reinforcing fibers of the base body reaches the surface area of ​​the base body.

[0287] The surface area may be a surface area existing at a reinforcement zone described herein. The reinforcement zone may be created in the forming tool during formation of the base body.

[0288] It may be advantageous if the plastic-containing sealing material is a plastic film, in particular a plastic film described herein. Advantageously, the average thickness of the plastic film may preferably be 10 micrometers to 500 micrometers, particularly preferably 25 micrometers to 400 micrometers, e.g., 30 micrometers to 250 micrometers.

[0289] It may be advantageous if one of the sealing layers described herein is formed with the plastic film.

[0290] It can be advantageous if the plastic-containing sealing material contains reinforcing fibers. The plastic-containing sealing material containing reinforcing fibers can, in particular, be a UD tape.

[0291] It may be advantageous if the UD tape is used to form a sealing layer containing the reinforcing fibers described herein. It may be advantageous if the application of the sealing material reduces the roughness of the surface area.

[0292] The protective element, underbody protection element and / or battery housing part described herein can be a protective element, underbody protection element and / or battery housing part produced by the method according to the invention.

[0293] Of course, features described in connection with one subject matter according to the invention can also form features of another subject matter according to the invention described herein. Subject matters according to the invention include, in particular, the protective element, the energy supply system, the communication system, the motor vehicle, and the method.

[0294] Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

[0295] The drawings show:

[0296] Fig. 1 : a schematic sectional view of a section of a protective element;

[0297] Fig. 2: a schematic sectional view of a section of a protective element;

[0298] Fig. 3: a schematic sectional view of a section of a protective element arranged on a mass of a motor vehicle;

[0299] Fig. 4: Section AA from Fig. 3;

[0300] Fig. 5: Section BB from Fig. 3;

[0301] Fig. 6: a schematic sectional view of a section of a protective element arranged on a mass of a motor vehicle;

[0302] Fig. 7: Section CC from Fig. 6; Fig. 8: Section DD from Fig. 6;

[0303] Fig. 9: a schematic sectional view of a section of a protective element arranged on a mass of a motor vehicle;

[0304] Fig. 10: Section EE from Fig. 9;

[0305] Fig. 11 : Section FF from Fig. 9;

[0306] Fig. 12-14: schematic representations of test setups for testing the shielding effect of various protective elements;

[0307] Fig. 15: Shielding attenuations for the test setup from Fig. 12;

[0308] Fig. 16: Shielding attenuations for the test setup from Fig. 13;

[0309] Fig. 17: a schematic perspective view of a protective element;

[0310] Fig. 18: a schematic perspective view of part of an energy supply system;

[0311] Fig. 19: a section through Fig. 18;

[0312] Fig. 20: a schematic representation of a communication system;

[0313] Fig. 21 : a schematic perspective view of a protective element;

[0314] Fig. 22: a detail of a section through the protective element shown in Fig. 21;

[0315] Fig. 23: a section through a further protective element;

[0316] Fig. 24: another representation of a protective element;

[0317] Fig. 25: a roughly simplified representation of a section through a protective element; Fig. 26: a section through another protective element;

[0318] Fig. 27: an alternative arrangement of contacting element and sealing element;

[0319] Fig. 28: a contacting element on a carrier;

[0320] Fig. 29: a section of a protective element in perspective view;

[0321] Fig. 30: another contacting element on a carrier;

[0322] Fig. 31 : a section through a further protective element;

[0323] Fig. 32: a section through a further protective element;

[0324] Fig. 33: a section through a further protective element;

[0325] Fig. 34: a section through a further protective element;

[0326] Fig. 35: a section through a further protective element;

[0327] Fig. 36: a section through a further protective element;

[0328] Fig. 37: a perspective view of a section through a protective element with reinforcement zone; and

[0329] Fig. 38: an enlarged view of a section of Fig. 37.

[0330] Fig. 1 shows a protective element 102 embodied as an aluminum component 100. The protective element 102 includes reinforcing ribs 104, which are also made of aluminum. The protective element 102 shown can be installed as a battery housing part 106. In particular, it can function as an underbody protection element 108.

[0331] The protective element 102 comprises an insulating layer 110, which may be made of a foam material, for example. The protective element 102 comprises a protective element surface 119 for attaching the protective element to a device susceptible to interference by electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, or to a source of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

[0332] The protective element shown in Fig. 2 differs from the protective element shown in Fig. 1 in that it is not designed as an aluminum component 100, but rather consists of a separate shielding component 109 and another housing component 112. The shielding component 109 and the housing component 112 are manufactured separately and subsequently joined. The shielding component 109 can be made of aluminum, for example, and form a shielding layer 114 that is capable of shielding electromagnetic radiation to the greatest possible extent.

[0333] Fig. 3 shows a protective element 102. The protective element 102 comprises a shielding layer 114. The shielding layer 114 is a foil 105, e.g., an aluminum foil 116. The protective element 102 comprises a plastic layer 118.

[0334] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 3 comprises a contacting zone 120. The contacting zone 120 is an outer surface contacting zone 154. The protective element surface 119 comprises the outer surface contacting zone 154.

[0335] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 3 comprises reinforcement layers 124. These are reinforcement layers 124 reinforced with fibers 126. The reinforcement layers 124 reinforced with fibers 126 are organic sheets 128.

[0336] The protective element shown in Fig. 3 comprises a protective layer 130. The protective layer 130 is an insulating layer 110. The insulating layer 110 can be electrically insulating and can be an electrically insulating protective layer 130. Alternatively or additionally, the insulating layer can be a high-temperature thermal insulation layer.

[0337] The mass 142, also shown in Fig. 3, forms part of a device on which the protective element 102 can be arranged. In a motor vehicle, as well as in motorcycles and bicycles, the ground potential is the body or frame. The term "ground" refers to this ground potential. In Fig. 3, the mass 142 is a frame 146 belonging to a support structure 144. Electrical contact exists between the shielding layer 114 and the frame 146 encompassed by the device via the contact zone 120.

[0338] Fig. 4 shows section AA of Fig. 3. An outer surface 156 of the shielding layer 114 forms the outer surface contacting zone 154.

[0339] In the area of ​​the protective element 102 shown in section AA, the shielding layer 114 is located at the very outermost layer structure. It forms a cover layer 152. The outer surface contact zone 154 is in direct electrical contact with the ground 142. Thus, by means of the outer surface contact zone 154, an electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer 114 and the device comprising the ground 142.

[0340] Fig. 5 shows section BB of Fig. 3. The plastic layer 118 is a plastic core 148 arranged between reinforcement layers 124. One of the reinforcement layers 124 forms a cover layer 150. In the layered composite, the cover layer 150 forms a cover layer 152. The shielding layer 114 is arranged between the other reinforcement layer 124 and the insulation layer 110, which forms a protective layer 130. The insulation layer 110 represents a further cover layer 150, which forms a further cover layer 152 in the layered composite.

[0341] The cover layer 152 is referred to herein as a final layer in the layer structure of the layer composite.

[0342] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 6 comprises a first shielding layer 114 for protection against electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields and a second shielding layer 115 for protection against electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0343] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 6 comprises a shielding zone 113 in which the first and second shielding layers 114 and 115 are spaced apart from one another. An intermediate layer 107 is arranged between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115. In the example shown here, the intermediate layer 107 is a reinforcement layer 124. The intermediate layer 107 is arranged in the shielding zone 113 between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115.

[0344] A layer composite zone 117 is present, in which the first and second shielding layers are connected by means of the intermediate layer 107. The layer composite zone 117, in which the first and second shielding layers are connected by means of the intermediate layer 107, is present in the shielding zone 113.

[0345] The two shielding layers 114 and 115 are electrically conductive.

[0346] In the layer composite zone 117, an insulation layer 110 is also bonded to a surface of the first shielding layer 114, and a plastic layer 118 is bonded to a surface of the second shielding layer 115. The plastic layer 118 lies between a protective layer 130 and the second shielding layer 115 in the layer structure. The layer structure is particularly clear from Fig. 8, which shows the section through the protective element 102 from Fig. 6 along the line DD. The insulation layer 110 on the first shielding layer 114 represents a cover layer 150, which forms a cover layer 152 in the layer composite. The protective layer 130 on the plastic layer 118 represents a further cover layer 150, which forms a further cover layer 152 in the layer composite.

[0347] From Figs. 6 and 8, it is clear that the shielding layers 114 and 115 are each foils 105. For example, they may each be aluminum foils 116.

[0348] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 6 comprises a contact zone 111 in which the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are in electrical contact.

[0349] The protective element 102 also includes a protective element surface 119. The protective element surface can be used to attach the protective element 102 to a device that can be disturbed by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields or to a source of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0350] The mass 142, also shown in Fig. 6, forms part of such a device. The protective element 102 can be arranged on this device. In the example shown here, the mass 142 is a frame belonging to a support structure 144, e.g., of a motor vehicle.

[0351] Fig. 7 shows a section through the protective element from Fig. 6 along the line CC.

[0352] The section shown in Fig. 7 also extends through mass 142.

[0353] In particular, it is clear from Fig. 7 that the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are in electrical contact in the contact zone 111, through which the cut shown in Fig. 7 is made. The reinforcing layer 124, which functions as the intermediate layer 107, does not extend into the contact zone 111. Facing surfaces of the shielding layer 114 and the shielding layer 115 are in electrical contact in the contact zone 111.

[0354] Fig. 7 also shows that the protective element 102 shown in Fig. 6 includes a contacting zone 120. The contacting zone 120 is an outer surface contacting zone 154. The protective element surface 119 includes the outer surface contacting zone 154.

[0355] In the area of ​​the protective element 102 shown in section CC, the first shielding layer 114 is located at the very outermost layer structure. It forms a cover layer 152.

[0356] The outer surface contacting zone 154 is in direct electrical contact with the ground 142. Thus, by means of the outer surface contacting zone 154, an electrical contact can be established between the first shielding layer 114 and the device comprising the ground 142.

[0357] Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of another protective element 102. The protective element 102 comprises a first shielding layer 114 and a second shielding layer 115. In the example shown, the two shielding layers are foils 105, which can be, for example, aluminum foils 116. In a shielding zone 113 encompassed by the protective element 102, the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are spaced apart from one another. Between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115, the protective element 102 comprises an intermediate layer 107. In the example shown here, the intermediate layer 107 is a plastic layer 118. The plastic layer 118 forms a plastic core 148 of the protective element 102.

[0358] The protective element shown in Fig. 9 also comprises a protective layer 130. The protective layer 130 is a plastic layer 118. The protective layer 130 is arranged on a surface of the second shielding layer 115 facing away from the intermediate layer 107. The first shielding layer 114, the intermediate layer 107, the second shielding layer 115, and the protective layer 130 form a layered composite.

[0359] The first shielding layer 114 and the protective layer 130 represent cover layers 152 of the protective element 102. This is particularly clear from Fig. 11, which shows a section through the protective element 102 shown in Fig. 9 along the line FF.

[0360] The protective element shown in Fig. 9 comprises a contact zone 111 in which the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are in electrical contact.

[0361] Fig. 10 shows a section through the protective element of Fig. 9 along line EE. In particular, Fig. 10 clearly shows that the facing surfaces of the two shielding layers 114 and 115 are in direct electrical contact. The intermediate layer 107 does not extend into the contact zone 111.

[0362] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 9 comprises a protective element surface 119. The protective element 102 can be attached to the protective element surface 119 on a device susceptible to interference by electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, or on a source of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Fig. 9 illustrates one possibility of attaching the protective element 102 to a mass 142 via the protective element surface 119. The mass 142 can be part of a device to which the protective element 102 is attached. The mass can be a frame 146 belonging to a support structure 144.

[0363] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 9 also comprises a contacting zone 120. The contacting zone 120 is an outer surface contacting zone 154. The protective element surface 119 comprises the outer surface contacting zone 154. An outer surface 156 of the first shielding layer 114 forms the outer surface contacting zone 154.

[0364] In the contact zone 111 shown in Fig. 10, the first shielding layer 114 is located at the very outermost layer structure. It forms a cover layer 152. The outer surface contacting zone 154 is in direct electrical contact with the ground 142. Thus, by means of the outer surface contacting zone, an electrical contact can be established between the first shielding layer and the device comprising the ground 142.

[0365] Figs. 12 to 14 each schematically show a test setup for measuring shielding effectiveness. Figs. 12 to 14 each show the same holding element 139, which also represents a mass 142. A protective element 102 is arranged in each holding element 139. The protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 12 to 14 are different. In the setup shown in Fig. 12, an aluminum component 100 in the form of an aluminum plate 101 served as the protective element 102. The protective element thickness 213 corresponds to the thickness of the aluminum plate 101.

[0366] In the experimental setup shown in Fig. 13, the protective element 102 is a protective element comprising a first shielding layer 114 and a second shielding layer 115. Both shielding layers are foils 105. They are aluminum foils 116.

[0367] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 13 comprises a shielding zone 113 in which the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are spaced apart from each other.

[0368] Fig. 13 also shows that a multilayer intermediate layer 107 is arranged between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115. The multilayer intermediate layer 107 comprises two plastic layers 118 and a reinforcement layer 124.

[0369] The two shielding layers 114 and 115 each form a cover layer 152. The cover layers 152 located on the outside in the layer structure are each connected to the reinforcement layer 124 via one of the plastic layers 118. The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 13 comprises a contact zone 111. In the contact zone 111, an electrical contact is established between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 via a copper strip 221.

[0370] In Fig. 14, the protective element 102 comprises a first shielding layer 114 and a second shielding layer 115. The first shielding layer 114 is a shielding layer formed from a mu-metal 103. It is a foil 105 formed from the mu-metal 103. In a shielding zone 113 encompassed by the protective element 102, the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are spaced apart from one another. An intermediate layer 107 is arranged between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115. The intermediate layer is arranged in the shielding zone 113 between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115. The intermediate layer 107 is a plastic layer 118.

[0371] The protective element shown in Fig. 14 has a layer composite zone 117 in which the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are connected by means of the intermediate layer 107. The layer composite zone 117, in which the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer are connected by means of the intermediate layer 107, is located in the shielding zone 113.

[0372] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 14 also differs from the protective element 102 shown in Fig. 13 in that it does not include a contact zone 111. In the protective element shown in Fig. 14, the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 are not in electrical contact with one another. No electrical contact is established between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 either. The establishment of such electrical contact between the first shielding layer 114 and the second shielding layer 115 is not provided for in the protective element shown in Fig. 14.

[0373] Fig. 14 also shows a source 127 of electromagnetic radiation. The source 127 can be, for example, a transmitter 125. The transmitter is arranged at a distance 129 from the protective element 102. The distance 129 can be varied as desired. Fig. 14 also shows a receiver 137, which can, for example, comprise a sensor with which a power density can be measured at a given distance 131 from the protective element 102.

[0374] Fig. 15 shows the shielding attenuation in the test setup shown in Fig. 12 as a function of the distance 131 to the receiver 137 (horizontal axis) and as a function of the distance 129 of the transmitter 125 (vertical axis).

[0375] Fig. 16 shows the shielding attenuation in the test setup shown in Fig. 13 as a function of the distance 131 to the receiver 137 (horizontal axis) and as a function of the distance 129 of the transmitter 125 (vertical axis).

[0376] The shielding attenuations shown in Figs. 15 and 16 are shielding attenuations of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 0.15 MHz.

[0377] In the area designated with reference number 141, a shielding attenuation of 70 to 72 dB was achieved.

[0378] In the area marked with reference number 143, a shielding attenuation of 68 to 70 dB was achieved.

[0379] In the area designated with reference number 145, a shielding attenuation of 66 to 68 dB was achieved.

[0380] In the area marked with reference number 147, a shielding attenuation of 64 to 66 dB was achieved.

[0381] In the area marked with reference number 149, a shielding attenuation of

[0382] 59.5 to 60.5 dB is reached.

[0383] In the area marked with reference number 151, a shielding attenuation of

[0384] 58.5 to 59.5 dB was achieved. In the area designated with reference number 153, a shielding attenuation of 57.5 to 58.5 dB was achieved.

[0385] The thickness 217 of the first shielding layer 114 in the test setup of Fig. 13 was only 0.15 mm. The thickness 219 of the second shielding layer 115 was only 0.2 mm in the same test setup. In contrast, an aluminum plate 101 with a thickness of 10 mm was used in the test setup of Fig. 12. In the test setup of Fig. 13, the thickness of the intermediate layer 107 was selected such that the protective element 102 also had a total thickness of 10 mm in this test setup. In both test setups, the protective element thickness was therefore 10 mm. However, in the test setup of Fig. 13, only about 3.5% of the aluminum contained in the aluminum plate 101 of the test setup shown in Fig. 12 was used.

[0386] Surprisingly, despite the significantly lower content of electrically conductive material, the protective element 102 of the test setup from Fig. 13 consistently measured stronger shielding attenuations at all tested distances 129 and 131 than the aluminum plate 101 of the test setup from Fig. 12.

[0387] It is assumed that the reflection can be increased with protective elements 102 according to the invention. An increased reflection factor presumably contributes to the enhanced shielding effect.

[0388] It is assumed that similar increases in shielding properties can be achieved, particularly in the near field (wavelengths in the meter range), with a protective element as shown in Fig. 14. A ferromagnetic shielding layer can be used to redirect magnetic field components. It has been shown that this is possible even without establishing electrical contact between the ferromagnetic shielding layer and another shielding layer.

[0389] Fig. 17 shows a protective element 102. The protective element 102 is an inverter housing element 161. However, it can also serve as a housing for another source of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields and thus be used elsewhere as a housing element 163. The protective element shown in Fig. 17 comprises an interior space 157. The interior space 157 is surrounded by a side wall 171 and extends into a recess 197 as far as a wall 173, from which the side wall 171 extends around the interior space 157. The side wall 171 extends from the wall 173 as far as a protective element surface 119. The protective element surface 119 is formed on a flange 165 that extends as far as a protective element edge 167. The side wall 171 separates the interior space 157 from an exterior space 159 surrounding the protective element 102.

[0390] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 17 comprises a plurality of feedthrough zones 155. Connecting devices 211, in particular electrical conductors, e.g., cables 191 or cable harnesses 193, can extend through the feedthrough zones 155 from the outer space 159 to an inverter that can be accommodated in the inner space 157.

[0391] Fig. 18 shows a section of a schematically illustrated energy supply system 199. The energy supply system 199 is an energy supply system 199 for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle.

[0392] The energy supply system 199 comprises several conversion devices 183. The conversion devices 183 are shown only schematically.

[0393] One of the conversion devices 183 is an electric motor 187 in the section of a power supply system 199 shown.

[0394] Another conversion device 183 is an inverter 185.

[0395] The electric motor 187 forms a conversion device 183 since it is capable of converting electrical energy into a rotational movement.

[0396] The inverter 185 is a conversion device 183, as it is capable of converting direct current, which can be supplied to the inverter 185, for example, from an electrochemical energy storage device, into alternating current. The alternating current can be supplied to the electric motor 187. The energy supply system 199 comprises a connecting device 211. This can be seen particularly in the section shown in Fig. 19. The associated sectional plane 189 is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 18.

[0397] The connecting device 211 connects the two conversion devices 183.

[0398] The connecting device 211 comprises a cable 191. The cable may belong to a cable harness 193 shown in Fig. 19.

[0399] The connecting device 211, the cable 191 and the cable harness 193 each form a source of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0400] The energy supply system 199 comprises a protective element 102. The protective element 102 is arranged on the connecting device 211 for protecting an environment of the energy supply system 199 from electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0401] To protect the environment, the connecting device 211 is accommodated in an interior space 157 of the protective element 102. The interior space 157 is formed by a recess 197 of the protective element 102. The connecting device 211 is accommodated in the recess 197 of the protective element 102.

[0402] The interior space 157 represents a feedthrough zone 155 extending from one end of the protective element 102 facing the inverter 185 to another end of the protective element 102 facing the electric motor 187.

[0403] The protective element 102 is shown in a highly simplified form in Figs. 17, 18, and 19. Each of these is a protective element according to the invention. However, the layer structure is not shown.

[0404] The protective elements 102 of the housing element 163 or the power supply system 199 can, for example, be constructed as shown in one of Figs. 6 to 14. The protective element 102 shown in Figs. 18 and 19 merely has a specific shape that serves to shield cable-shaped sources 195. The protective element 102 can, for example, be a cable shielding element 181.

[0405] It comprises a protective element surface 119. The protective element surface 119 serves to attach the protective element to a support structure 144 of a frame 146, which serves as a ground 142. Since the source 195 extends along a surface of the support structure 144, the protective element surface 119 also serves to attach the protective element 102 to the source 195 of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0406] Fig. 20 schematically shows a communication system. The communication system 201 is a communication system 201 for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle.

[0407] The communication system 201 comprises a first communication device 203, which has an interface 207 for emitting an electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal 209. The first communication device 203 also has further interfaces 207.

[0408] The communication system 201 comprises a second communication device 205, which has an interface 207 for receiving the electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic signal 209 of the first communication device.

[0409] In the example shown, a cable connection serving to transmit the signal 209 from an interface 207 of the first communication device 203 to an interface 207 of the second communication device 205 is indicated.

[0410] However, the signal 209 could also be transmitted wirelessly. For example, the first communication device 203 could have an interface 207 for emitting the signal 209, which transmits the signal 209 to a surrounding medium, e.g., air. The second communication device 205 could have an interface for receiving the signal 209 from the medium, e.g., air. For example, the interface 207 of the first communication device 203 could comprise a transmitter, and the interface 207 of the second communication device 205 could comprise a receiver. Like the first communication device 203, the second communication device 205 can also have further interfaces 207, which are indicated in Fig. 20.

[0411] The first communication device 203 can be, for example, a control unit of a motor vehicle.

[0412] The second communication device 205 can be, for example, a control unit of a motor vehicle.

[0413] The two communication devices 203 and 205 can, for example, be control units of a motor vehicle.

[0414] In particular, if the signal 209 is a signal 209 transmitted via the medium, e.g., air, the first communication device 203 may be a communication device of a motor vehicle and the second communication device 205 may be a communication device of another motor vehicle.

[0415] The communication system 201 shown in Fig. 20 comprises a protective element 102, which is only shown schematically in Fig. 20. The protective element 102 serves to protect the first communication device 203 from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. The layer structure of the protective element 102 is not shown.

[0416] Fig. 20 shows, in addition to the communication system 201, a conversion device 183. The conversion device 183 can be, for example, an electric motor 187 or an inverter 185. The protection element 102 serves to protect a communication device 203 from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields that can be generated by the conversion device 183.

[0417] Fig. 21 shows a roughly simplified protective element 102, which can be, for example, a battery housing component 106 or a housing tray for an electrochemical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, for example for a high-voltage battery device.

[0418] Fig. 21 also shows a contact zone 120 of the protective element 102. Fig. 22 shows a section of the protective element 102 from Fig. 21 along the dot-dash line, with further details being shown in the section.

[0419] The contacting element 132, additionally shown in Fig. 22, is deformable and elastic. The contacting element 132 has fibers 268 contained in a fibrous material 270.

[0420] The contacting zone 120 is an outer surface contacting zone 154, wherein the outer surface contacting zone 154 is formed on an outer surface 156 of the shielding layer 114.

[0421] The fibrous material 270 of the contacting element 132 extends around a compression zone 272. When the protective element 102 is mounted on a motor vehicle, the contacting element 132 can be deformed, wherein the contacting element 132 and its compression zone 272 are compressed, e.g., compressed, in particular in the mounting direction.

[0422] The contacting element 132 shown is a hollow contacting element 274 through which the compression zone 272 extends. The contacting element 132 can be, for example, a fiber material tube 278, e.g., a fabric tube 276.

[0423] The protective element 102 has a positioning and / or alignment element 280, which in the example shown here is a positioning and / or alignment projection 282.

[0424] The positioning and / or alignment element 280 is arranged at the contacting zone 120.

[0425] The fiber material tube 278, e.g., the fabric tube 276, is arranged on the positioning and / or alignment element 280, e.g., on the positioning and / or alignment projection 282, and on the contacting zone 120.

[0426] The protective element has two sealing elements 180, each partially accommodated in a sealing element receptacle 182. The sealing elements 180 can, independently of one another, contain or be made of an elastic sealing material, for example, a natural or synthetic rubber, e.g., an ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), a silicone rubber (VMQ) and / or a fluororubber (FKM or FPM), a polyurethane (PU) and / or an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).

[0427] Fig. 23 shows a section through another protective element 102, which differs from the protective element 102 shown in Figs. 21 and 22 with regard to the contacting element 132. The contacting element 132 is arranged on a deformable and / or elastic carrier 300. The contacting element 132 extends from an inner side 302 of the carrier 300 to an outer side 306 of the carrier 300. The inner side 302 of the carrier 300 is also a protective element side 304 of the carrier 300. It faces the contacting zone 120. The outer side 306 of the carrier is also a device side 308 of the carrier 300, which faces away from the contacting zone 120.

[0428] The carrier 300 contains an elastic sealing material 338, from which the carrier 300 can preferably be made. The elastic sealing material 338 can be, for example, an ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM).

[0429] An electrical contact bridged by the contacting element 132 can be established between the contacting zone 120 and a device to be contacted, wherein one surface of the contacting element 132 is in electrically conductive contact with the contacting zone 120, and another surface of the contacting element 132, on the outer side 306 of the carrier, can be brought into electrically conductive contact with the device.

[0430] The contacting elements 132 shown in Figs. 22 and 23 are each electrically conductive.

[0431] The contacting element 132 shown in Fig. 23 contains an electrically conductive material 310. The electrically conductive material 310 can be or contain a metallic material 312, in particular aluminum 314.

[0432] Fig. 24 shows the protective element 102, which is also shown in Figs. 21 and 22, in a top view. The protective element 102 shown in Figs. 21, 22, and 24 has an extension 318 in a first direction 316 that is greater than an extension 322 of the protective element 102 in a second direction 320, which is oriented orthogonally to the first direction 316.

[0433] The extension 322 of the protective element 102 in the second direction 320 is greater than an extension 326 of the protective element 102 in a third direction 324, which is oriented orthogonally to the first direction 316 and to the second direction 320.

[0434] The first extent 318 may be a length of the protective element 102. The second extent 322 may be a width of the protective element 102. The third extent 326 may be a depth of the protective element 102.

[0435] For example, the length can be about 2 m to 3 m, the width about 1 m to 2 m and the depth about 5 cm to 50 cm.

[0436] It is clearly visible from Fig. 23 that the contacting element 132 extends around the carrier. It extends on both sides, on an edge side 328 of the carrier 300, which faces a protective element edge 167, and on a side 330 of the carrier 300 facing away from the protective element edge 167, from the inner side 302 and / or protective element side 304 to the outer side 306 and / or device side 308.

[0437] Figs. 25, 26, 29, and 31 to 33 each illustrate, in highly simplified representations, further protective elements 102, each comprising differently designed contact elements 132. The protective elements 102 shown there, like the protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 22 to 24, each comprise a sealing element 180 and a sealing element receptacle 182. At least one of a plurality of sealing elements 180 extends into the sealing element receptacle 182 on the protective element 102.

[0438] In the protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 25, 26, 29, and 31 to 33, one of the sealing elements 180 each comprises the contacting element 132 and the carrier 300. The contacting element 132 is arranged on the deformable and / or elastic carrier 300. It would also be possible, for example, for the contacting element 132 to comprise or form the sealing element 180. For example, the sealing element 180 could be formed by a metallic spring element acting as the contacting element 132, which can have legs that are elastically deformable relative to one another, wherein one leg could be placed against the device and the other leg could bear against the contacting zone.

[0439] Figs. 28 and 30 each show a contacting element 132 which extends on the carrier 300 only on one side from the inner side 302 and / or protective element side 304 to the outer side 306 and / or device side 308.

[0440] For example, the contacting element 132 can extend from the inner side 302 and / or protective element side 304 to the outer side 306 and / or device side 308 on an edge side 328 of the carrier 300, which in an installed state on the protective element 102 can face a protective element edge 167 (Fig. 30, 31).

[0441] Alternatively, the contacting element 132 can extend on a side 330 of the carrier 300 facing away from the edge, which can be facing away from a protective element edge 167, from the inner side 302 and / or protective element side 304 to the outer side 306 and / or device side 308 (Fig. 28 in conjunction with Fig. 31).

[0442] It may be advantageous if the contacting element 132 and / or the carrier 300 are connected in or to the contacting zone 120. For example, the contacting element 132 and / or the carrier 300 can be connected in or to the contacting zone 120 such that electrical contact between the contacting element 132 and the contacting zone 120 exists, can be established, or can be stabilized. Various possibilities exist for this. Some of these possibilities are indicated in Figs. 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, and 33.

[0443] For example, as shown in Figs. 31 to 33, the contacting element 132 and / or the carrier 300 can be connected in or to the contacting zone 120 via a connecting material 334 arranged in a connecting zone 332. Figs. 28 and 30 also provide a connecting material 334 arranged in a connecting zone 332 on the contacting element 132 and / or the carrier 300 for connection in or to a contacting zone 120. Alternatively, the contacting element 132 and / or the carrier 300 can be connected to the contacting zone 120 by means of an auxiliary element 336, which can be a sealing element 180, for example, such that electrical contact between the contacting element 132 and the contacting zone 120 exists or can be established or stabilized.

[0444] This is indicated in Figs. 26 and 27. For example, the auxiliary element 336 can be connected to the contacting zone 120 or in another region of the protective element 102, and the contacting element 132 and / or the carrier 300 can be connected to the auxiliary element 336 (Fig. 26). Fig. 27 shows a reversed arrangement of the contacting element 132 arranged on the carrier 300 and the auxiliary element 336 in an uninstalled state.

[0445] With regard to Fig. 26, it should be noted that it can be particularly advantageous if, instead of the carrier 300 provided with the contacting element 132 and the sealing element 180 shown to the left of it, a carrier shown in Fig. 28 or in Fig. 30, which is provided with a contacting element 132 and which can simultaneously serve as a sealing element 180, is used.

[0446] Figs. 34 to 36 show sectional views of edge regions of protective elements 102. The protective elements 102 shown there each have a base body 339, e.g., a plastic base body 340. In the protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 34 and 35, the shielding layer 114 extends through the base body 339. In the protective element 102 shown in Fig. 36, the shielding layer 114 is arranged on the base body 339.

[0447] The protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 34 to 36 each have an auxiliary coupling element 342. The auxiliary coupling element 342 can be, for example, a sleeve 344. A screw or a bolt can be passed through the auxiliary coupling element 342.

[0448] The protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 34 to 36 each have a sealing element 180.

[0449] The protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 34 and 35 each have a sealing element receptacle 182. In the protective elements 102 shown in Figs. 34 and 35, the sealing element 180 is partially received in the sealing element receptacle 182. Figs. 34 and 35 show that the protective element 102 shown therein has two positioning and / or alignment elements 280, each of which is a positioning and / or alignment projection 282.

[0450] The positioning and / or alignment element 280 shown further to the right is arranged at the contacting zone.

[0451] The sealing element extends along the two positioning and / or alignment elements 280 in the sealing element receptacle 182 located therebetween.

[0452] Figures 34 and 35 show that the contacting zone can each be formed by a raised zone 346, e.g. by a fold 348.

[0453] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 35 has a contact zone 350 in which the shielding layer 114 overlaps the coupling auxiliary element 342.

[0454] Instead of the sealing element 180 and the sealing element receptacle 182 shown in Figs. 34 and 35, the protective element shown in Fig. 36 has a sealing element 180 in the form of a liquid seal 184.

[0455] Fig. 37 shows a small section of a protective element 102 in a perspective sectional view. Fig. 38 shows an enlarged section of Fig. 37 in a highly simplified schematic representation. The section shown there is a section through a mounting recess 360. A screw or bolt, shown in dashed lines, can be passed through the mounting recess 360.

[0456] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 37 can be, for example, an underbody protection element 108 and / or a battery housing part 106. A contact zone 120, which can be, for example, an outer surface contact zone 154, can be laterally offset from the section shown. This is indicated in Fig. 37 by the reference numerals 120 and 154.

[0457] For example, one of the protective elements 102 shown or indicated in whole or in part in Figs. 2, 3, 6, 9, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 may have a mounting recess 360 and there each have one or more of the features described here in connection with Figs. 37 and 38.

[0458] For example, in the protective element 102 shown in Fig. 31, a mounting recess 360 shown in Fig. 37 may be present or formed between the sealing element receptacle 182 and the protective element edge 167. The coupling aid element 342 shown in Figs. 34 to 36 may be seated in a mounting recess 360, which may have one or more of the features shown in Figs. 37 and 38. In Figs. 22 and 23, a mounting recess located close to the protective element edge 167 is indicated, but is not provided with a reference symbol there.

[0459] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 37 has a reinforcement zone 352. The reinforcement zone 352 has reinforcing fibers 354 and a fiber bonding material 356. In the reinforcement zone 352, the reinforcing fibers 354 are bonded to the fiber bonding material 356.

[0460] The reinforcement zone 352 extends through a suspension zone 358.

[0461] The protective element 102 shown in Fig. 37 can be, for example, an underbody protection element 108. It can be mounted in the suspension zone 358 by means of the mounting recess 360 extending through the suspension zone 358 and the screw shown in dashed lines on a device not shown.

[0462] Alternatively, it would be possible for a component, e.g., a component of a high-voltage battery device, to be connectable, e.g., mountable, to the protective element 102, e.g., underbody protection element 108, in the suspension zone 358, for example, by means of a mounting recess 360 extending through the suspension zone 358 and a screw or a bolt.

[0463] However, the reinforcement zone 352 may alternatively or additionally extend into other regions of the protective element 102 not shown in Fig. 37. For example, as indicated in Fig. 17, the protective element may have a side wall 171 and an interior space 157, wherein the interior space 157 is surrounded by the side wall 171. The reinforcement zone 352 may, for example, extend through at least a portion of the side wall 171 or reinforce the entire side wall 171.

[0464] The reinforcing fibers 354 in the protective element 102 shown in Figs. 37 and 38 are glass fibers 362.

[0465] The reinforcement zone 352 has a fiber fabric 358. The fiber fabric 358 is a glass fiber fabric 364. It is multi-layered, as indicated in Fig. 38. The glass fibers 362 serving as reinforcement fibers 354 are unidirectionally aligned in at least one layer 366 of the reinforcement zone 352.

[0466] The glass fibers 362 serving as reinforcing fibers 354 are unidirectionally aligned in at least one further layer 368 of the reinforcing zone 352, wherein the alignment of the glass fibers 362 in the at least one further layer 368 of the reinforcing zone 352 differs from the alignment of the reinforcing fibers 354, e.g., the glass fibers 362, in the at least one layer 366 of the reinforcing zone 352. In one layer 366, the glass fibers 362 run along the cutting plane. In the further layer 368, the glass fibers 362 run transversely to the cutting plane. Particularly with regard to the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers 354, Fig. 38 represents a gross simplification, since a large portion of the reinforcing fibers 354 has been omitted therein.

[0467] The protective element 102, shown in Figs. 37 and 38, has a sealing layer 370. Shown in both figures is a portion of the sealing layer 370 that is disposed at the reinforcement zone 352 and seals at least a portion of the reinforcement zone 352.

[0468] The at least one sealed portion of the reinforcement zone 352 is a portion of the suspension zone 358 that extends around the mounting recess 360.

[0469] The sealing layer 370 shown therein does not contain any reinforcing fibers. It may contain a thermoplastic, e.g., polypropylene, and / or be made of a thermoplastic, e.g., polypropylene. List of Reference Symbols

[0470] Aluminium component Aluminium plate Protective element Mu-metal Reinforcing rib Foil Battery housing part Intermediate layer Underbody protection element Shielding component Insulation layer Contact zone Housing component Shielding zone , 115 Shielding layer

[0471] Aluminium foil layer composite zone plastic layer protective element surface contact zone reinforcement layer transmitter fibers source organic sheet, 131 distance

[0472] Protective layer Contacting element Sensor Receiver Holding element , 143, 145, 147, 149, 151 , 153 Area Mass

[0473] Support structure

[0474] Frame

[0475] plastic core

[0476] Top layer

[0477] Top layer

[0478] Outer surface contact zone

[0479] Implementation zone

[0480] outer surface

[0481] Interior

[0482] Outdoor space

[0483] Inverter housing element

[0484] Housing element

[0485] flange

[0486] Protective element edge

[0487] side wall

[0488] wall

[0489] Sealing element

[0490] Cable shielding element

[0491] Sealing element holder

[0492] Conversion device

[0493] Liquid sealant

[0494] Inverter

[0495] electric motor

[0496] Cutting plane

[0497] Cable

[0498] cable harness

[0499] source

[0500] Deepening

[0501] Energy supply system

[0502] Communication system first communication device second communication device

[0503] interface

[0504] Signal connecting device protective element thickness, 219 thickness

[0505] copper tape

[0506] Fibers fibrous material

[0507] compression zone

[0508] Hollow contact element

[0509] fabric hose

[0510] Fiber material hose

[0511] Positioning and / or alignment element

[0512] Alignment lead

[0513] carrier

[0514] Inside of the carrier

[0515] Protective element side of the carrier

[0516] Outside of the carrier

[0517] Device side of the carrier electrically conductive material metallic material

[0518] Aluminum first direction

[0519] Extension in the first direction second direction

[0520] Extension in the second direction third direction

[0521] Expansion in the third direction

[0522] Edge side of the beam, side facing away from the edge, connection zone

[0523] Connecting material

[0524] Auxiliary element

[0525] Sealing material

[0526] Basic body

[0527] Plastic base body coupling auxiliary element 344 sleeve

[0528] 346 sublime zone

[0529] 348 fold

[0530] 350 contact zone

[0531] 352 Reinforcement Zone

[0532] 354 reinforcing fibers

[0533] 356 Fiber connecting material

[0534] 358 Suspension zone

[0535] 360 mounting recess

[0536] 362 glass fibers

[0537] 364 glass fiber scrims

[0538] 366 Location of the reinforcement zone

[0539] 368 further location of the reinforcement zone

[0540] 370 sealing layer

[0541] 372 sealing ring

[0542] 374 Sealing material

[0543] 376 sealing surface

[0544] Certain objects of the invention can be further described by the following sentences:

[0545] 1. A protective element (102) for increasing electromagnetic compatibility, the protective element (102) comprising: a first shielding layer (114) for protection against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields and a second shielding layer (115) for protection against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

[0546] 2. The protective element (102) according to sentence 1, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises: a shielding zone (113) in which the first and second shielding layers (114, 115) are spaced apart from one another. The protective element (102) according to one of sentences 1 or 2, characterized in that an intermediate layer (107) is arranged between the first shielding layer (114) and the second shielding layer (115), wherein the intermediate layer (107) is preferably arranged in the shielding zone (113) between the first shielding layer (114) and the second shielding layer (115).Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that a layer composite zone (117) is present, in which the first and second shielding layers (114, 115) are connected by means of the intermediate layer (107), wherein the layer composite zone (117), in which the first and second shielding layers (114, 115) are connected by means of the intermediate layer (107), is preferably present in the shielding zone (113). Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the shielding layers (114, 115) are electrically conductive. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. the first shielding layer (114), has a permeability number. rof at least 10, e.g., of at least 5000. The protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, preferably according to sentence 6, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., the first shielding layer (114), is ferromagnetic. The protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, preferably according to sentence 6 or 7, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., the first shielding layer (114), contains a mu-metal (103) or is formed from a mu-metal (103). Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, preferably according to one of the preceding sentences 1 to 5, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises the following: a contact zone (111) in which the first and the second shielding layer (114, 115) are in electrical contact or in which a contact zone (111) is formed between the first and the second shielding layer (114,115) an electrical contact can be established. The protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., at least the second shielding layer (115), contains the following: a metallic alloy, wherein the metallic alloy can be, for example, a metallic alloy based on aluminum, copper, iron, or silver; a conductive carbon material, wherein the conductive carbon material can contain, for example, carbon fibers or graphite; a composite of a metal and a textile material, preferably a metallic-coated textile material, wherein the textile material can preferably be a knit, a woven fabric, a scrim, a knitted fabric, a braid, or a nonwoven, e.g., a composite of an aluminum foil and a PET nonwoven; a foil, preferably a metal foil, e.g., an aluminum foil; an expanded metal; a regular fibrous sheet material,wherein the regular fibrous sheet material can be, for example, a knit, a woven fabric, a scrim, a knitted fabric, or a braid; and / or an irregular fibrous sheet material, wherein the irregular fibrous sheet material can be, for example, a nonwoven fabric. The protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., at least the second shielding layer (115), is present as a film (105), a sheet, a regular fibrous sheet material, wherein the regular fibrous sheet material can be, for example, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or a braid, or as an irregular fibrous sheet material, wherein the irregular fibrous sheet material can be, for example, a nonwoven fabric. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115),e.g., at least the second shielding layer (115) is selected from: an aluminum foil (116), an aluminum grid, a stainless steel grid, a bronze grid, a copper grid, a plastic nonwoven (e.g., PET nonwoven) with an applied aluminum film, a plastic nonwoven (e.g., PET nonwoven) coated on one side with copper, a carbon fiber-containing unidirectional tape, a nonwoven made of recycled carbon fibers, a graphite foil, and a polymer (e.g., polypropylene) in combination with an aluminum grid. The protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., at least the second shielding layer (115), contains a metal, e.g., aluminum, copper, iron, and / or silver. It is preferred if at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., at least the second shielding layer (115),Contains aluminum. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that a thickness of at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., a thickness of the second shielding layer (115), is at most 3 mm, e.g., 0.001 to 0.7 mm. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., at least the second shielding layer (115), is an aluminum foil (116) or an aluminum sheet. Protective element (102) according to one of sentences 10 to 15, characterized in that the foil (105), metal foil, or aluminum foil (116) is bonded to an adjacent layer, e.g., an intermediate layer (107), by means of an adhesion promoter. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) is formed on a surface of a substrate layer,wherein the at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) on the surface is preferably formed by deposition from a surrounding medium, wherein the at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) can be deposited on the surface, for example, by vapor deposition. A protective element (102) according to any one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises: a protective element surface (119) for attaching the protective element to a device susceptible to interference by electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields or to a source of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. An energy supply system (199), e.g., for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the energy supply system (199) comprises: at least two conversion devices (183), a connecting device (211) connecting the at least two conversion devices (183),and at least one protective element (102) according to one of sentences 1 to 18 on at least one of the at least two conversion devices (183) and / or on the connecting device (211) for protecting an environment of the energy supply system (199) from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, wherein it is preferred if, to protect the environment, at least one of the at least two conversion devices (183) and / or the connecting device (211) is entirely or partially accommodated in an interior space (157) or in a recess (197) of the at least one protective element (102). Communication system (201), e.g., for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the communication system (201) comprises the following: a first communication device (203) having an interface (207) for emitting an electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal (209), a second communication device (205),which has an interface (207) for receiving the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal (209) of the first communication device, and at least one protective element (102) according to one of sentences 1 to 18 for protecting at least one of the communication devices (203, 205) from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. It is preferred that, in order to protect the at least one of the communication devices (203, 205) from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, the at least one of the communication devices (203, 205) be accommodated entirely or partially in an interior space (157) or in a recess (197) of the protective element (102). A motor vehicle, e.g., a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the motor vehicle comprises: a source (195) of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields,wherein the source (195) can advantageously be a conversion device (183) of a power supply system (199) of the motor vehicle, e.g., an electric motor (187) or an inverter (185), or a connecting device (211), wherein the connecting device (211) can connect two conversion devices (183) to one another, a device that can be disturbed by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, wherein the device that can be disturbed by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields can be or comprise, e.g., a communication device (203, 205) of the motor vehicle, and at least one protective element (102) according to one of sentences 1 to 18, wherein the protective element (102) is arranged entirely or partially between the source (195) and the device that can be disturbed by the electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A protective element (102) for increasing electromagnetic compatibility, wherein the protective element (102) comprises: a shielding layer (114), which may be, for example, a first shielding layer (114), for protection against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

2. Protective element (102) according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises a contacting zone (120), wherein it can be advantageous if, by means of the contacting zone (120), an electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer (114) and a device to which the protective element (102) can be connected, e.g. mounted.

3. Protective element (102) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises: a second shielding layer (115) for protection against electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

4. Protective element (102) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that by means of the contacting zone (120) an electrical contact can be established between the shielding layer (114) of the protective element and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) of the protective element (102) and a device to which the protective element can be connected, e.g. mounted.

5. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the contacting zone (120) is a surface of the shielding layer (114) and / or a surface of at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115); and / or the contacting zone (120) is located on a surface of the shielding layer (114) and / or on a surface of at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115); and / or the contacting zone (120) is an outer surface contacting zone (154), wherein the outer surface contacting zone is formed on an outer surface (156) of the shielding layer (114) and / or on an outer surface (156) of at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115).

6. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises a contacting element (132), wherein it can be advantageous if an electrical contact, in particular a direct or indirect electrical contact, can be established or stabilized between the contacting zone (120) and the device by means of the contacting element (132), and / or an electrical contact bridged by the contacting element (132) can be established between the contacting zone and the device, wherein it can be advantageous if one surface of the contacting element (132) is in electrically conductive contact with the contacting zone (120), and another surface of the contacting element (132) can be brought into electrically conductive contact with the device, wherein the contacting element (132) is electrically conductive.

7. Protective element (102) according to claim 6, characterized in that the contacting element (132) is deformable and / or elastic.

8. Protective element (102) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the contacting element (132) is arranged on a carrier (300), wherein the carrier (300) can preferably be deformable and / or elastic, wherein it can be advantageous if the contacting element (132) is arranged in at least one section of the carrier (300) from an inner side (302) and / or Protective element side (304) of the carrier, which can in particular face the contacting zone (120), extends to an outer side (306) and / or device side (308) of the carrier (300), which can in particular face away from the contacting zone (120).

9. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the contacting element (132) contains or is made of an electrically conductive material (310), wherein the electrically conductive material (310) can preferably be a metallic material (312), which can in particular contain aluminum (314).

10. Protective element (102) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the contacting element (132) extends in at least one section of the carrier (300) on the carrier (300) only on one side, for example on an edge side (328) of the carrier (300), which can face a protective element edge (167), or on a side (330) of the carrier (300) facing away from the edge, which can face away from a protective element edge (167), from the inside (302) and / or protective element side (304) to the outside (306) and / or device side (308).

11. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) has a sealing element (180) and / or a sealing element receptacle (182) into which a sealing element (180) can be received in whole or in part, wherein it may be advantageous if the protective element (102) has the sealing element (180) and the sealing element receptacle (182), wherein it may be advantageous if the sealing element (180) is received in whole or in part in the sealing element receptacle (182) and / or extends in the sealing element receptacle (182) on the protective element (102); and / or the protective element (102) has a sealing element (180), which can preferably be a liquid seal (184).

12. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the sealing element (180) has the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300); and / or the carrier (300) is deformable and / or elastic, wherein it can be advantageous if the contacting element (132) is arranged on the deformable and / or elastic carrier (300); and / or the contacting element (132) has or forms the sealing element (180).

13. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300) is connected in or to the contacting zone (120), wherein it may be advantageous if the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300) is connected in or to the contacting zone (120) in such a way that an electrical contact of the contacting element (132) to the contacting zone (120) exists or can be produced or stabilized.

14. Protective element (102) according to claim 13, characterized in that the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300) is connected in or to the contacting zone (120) via a connecting material (334) arranged in a connecting zone (332).

15. Protective element (102) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300) is connected to the contacting zone (120) by means of an auxiliary element (336), which may be, for example, a sealing element (180), such that an electrical contact of the contacting element (132) to the contacting zone (120) exists or can be produced or stabilized, wherein it may be advantageous if the auxiliary element (336) is connected to the contacting zone (120) or in another region of the protective element (102) and the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300) is connected to the auxiliary element (336), wherein it may be advantageous if the auxiliary element (336) is connected to the contacting zone (120) or in the other region of the protective element (102) via a connecting material (334) arranged in a connecting zone (332); and / or the contacting element (132) and / or the carrier (300) is connected to the auxiliary element (336) via a connecting material (334) arranged in a connecting zone (332).

16. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the protective element has at least two sealing elements (180), wherein one of the sealing elements (180) is a sealing element (180) mentioned in claim 11, 12 or 15, and / or one of the sealing elements (180) is arranged closer to a protective element edge (167) than another of the sealing elements (180).

17. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that the carrier (300) and / or the sealing element (180) and / or at least one of the sealing elements (180) contains an elastic sealing material (338) and / or is made from an elastic sealing material (338), wherein it may be advantageous if the elastic sealing material (338) contains or consists of a natural or synthetic rubber, e.g. an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, a silicone rubber and / or a fluororubber, a polyurethane and / or an ethylenetetrafluoroethylene.

18. The protective element (102) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises a positioning and / or alignment element (280), which may be or comprise, for example, a positioning and / or alignment projection (282), wherein it may be advantageous if at least a portion of the positioning and / or alignment element (280) can be arranged on at least a portion of the contacting zone (120); and / or at least a portion of the carrier (300) and / or the sealing element (180) and / or at least one of the sealing elements (180) and / or the contacting element (132) and / or the connecting zone (332) extends along at least a portion of the positioning and / or alignment element (280).

19. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) has a plastic base body (340), wherein the shielding layer (114) is arranged on the plastic base body (340) and / or extends through the plastic base body (340), and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) is arranged on the plastic base body (340) and / or extends through the plastic base body (340).

20. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) has a reinforcement zone (352), wherein the reinforcement zone (352) has reinforcing fibers (354) and a fiber connecting material (356), wherein in the reinforcement zone (352) at least some of the reinforcing fibers (354) are connected to the fiber connecting material (356).

21. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) is an underbody protection element (108) and / or a battery housing part (106).

22. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the reinforcement zone (352) is a suspension zone (358) or extends into a suspension zone (358) or through a suspension zone (358), wherein it can be advantageous if the protective element (102) and / or underbody protection element (108) and / or battery housing part (106) can be connected, e.g. mounted, to the device in the suspension zone (358), for example by means of a mounting recess (360) extending through the suspension zone (358) and a screw or a bolt; and / or to the protective element (102) and / or underbody protection element (108) and / or battery housing part (106) in the suspension zone (358), for example by means of a mounting recess (360) extending through the suspension zone (358) and a screw or a bolt, a component, e.g. a component of a high-voltage battery device, can be connected, e.g.mountable.

23. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the protective element (102) and / or underbody protection element (108) and / or battery housing part (106) has a side wall (171) and an interior space (157), wherein the interior space (157) is completely or partially surrounded by the side wall (171), wherein the reinforcement zone (352) extends through at least a portion of the side wall (171).

24. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that a mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers (354) in the reinforcing zone (352) is at least 70%, e.g. at least 77.5%.

25. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers (354) are glass fibers (362).

26. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the reinforcement zone (352) comprises a fiber fabric (358), e.g., a glass fiber fabric (364), and / or the reinforcement fibers (354), e.g., the glass fibers (362), are unidirectionally aligned in at least one layer (366) of the reinforcement zone (352).

27. The protective element (102) according to claim 26, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers (354), e.g., the glass fibers (362), are unidirectionally aligned in at least one further layer (368) of the reinforcing zone (352), wherein the alignment of the reinforcing fibers (354), e.g., the glass fibers (362), in the at least one further layer (368) of the reinforcing zone (352) differs from the alignment of the reinforcing fibers (354), e.g., the glass fibers (362), in the at least one layer (366) of the reinforcing zone (352).

28. The protective element (102) according to claim 27, characterized in that the protective element (102) has a sealing layer (370), wherein it may be advantageous if at least a portion of the sealing layer (370) is arranged on the reinforcement zone (352) and seals at least a portion of the reinforcement zone (352), wherein it may be advantageous if the at least one sealed portion of the reinforcement zone (352) is a portion of the suspension zone (358) or the suspension zone (358); and / or extends around the mounting recess (360).

29. Protective element (102) according to claim 28, characterized in that the sealing layer (370) does not contain any reinforcing fibers or a mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers (354) in the sealing layer (370) is lower than the mass fraction of the reinforcing fibers (354) in the reinforcing zone (352).

30. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 3 to 29, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises: a shielding zone (113) in which the first and second shielding layers (114, 115) are spaced apart from one another.

31. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 3 to 30, characterized in that an intermediate layer (107) is arranged between the first shielding layer (114) and the second shielding layer (115), wherein the intermediate layer (107) is preferably arranged in the shielding zone (113) between the first shielding layer (114) and the second shielding layer (115).

32. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 31, characterized in that a layer composite zone (117) is present in which the first and the second shielding layer (114, 115) are connected by means of the intermediate layer (107), wherein the layer composite zone (117) in which the first and the second shielding layer (114, 115) are connected by means of the intermediate layer (107) is preferably present in the shielding zone (113).

33. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) is electrically conductive and / or the shielding layers (114, 115) are electrically conductive.

34. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. the first shielding layer (114), has a permeability rof at least 10, e.g. of at least 5000.

35. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, preferably according to claim 34, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. the first shielding layer (114), is ferromagnetic.

36. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, preferably according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. the first shielding layer (114), contains a mu-metal (103) or is formed from a mu-metal (103).

37. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 3 to 36, preferably according to one of claims 3 to 33, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises the following: a contact zone (111) in which the first and the second shielding layer (114, 115) are in electrical contact or in which an electrical contact can be established between the first and the second shielding layer (114, 115).

38. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. at least the second shielding layer (115), contains the following: a metallic alloy, where the metallic alloy can be, for example, a metallic alloy based on aluminum, copper, iron, or silver; a conductive carbon material, where the conductive carbon material can contain, for example, carbon fibers or graphite; a composite of a metal and a textile material, preferably a metallic-coated textile material, where the textile material can preferably be a knit, a woven fabric, a scrim, a knitted fabric, a braid, or a nonwoven, for example, a composite of an aluminum foil and a PET nonwoven; a foil, preferably a metal foil, for example, an aluminum foil; an expanded metal; a regular fibrous sheet-like structure, where the regular fibrous sheet-like structure can be, for example, a knit, a woven fabric, a scrim, a knitted fabric, or a braid; and / or an irregular fibrous sheet-like structure, where the irregular fibrous sheet-like structure can be, for example, a nonwoven.

39. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. at least the second shielding layer (115), is present as a film (105), a sheet, a regular fibrous sheet material, wherein the regular fibrous sheet material can be e.g. a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a braid, or as an irregular fibrous sheet material, wherein the irregular fibrous sheet material can be e.g. a nonwoven fabric.

40. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. at least the second shielding layer (115), is selected from: an aluminum foil (116), an aluminum grid, a stainless steel grid, a bronze grid, a copper grid, a plastic fleece (e.g. PET fleece) with applied aluminum film, a plastic fleece (e.g. PET fleece) coated on one side with copper, a carbon fiber-containing unidirectional tape, a fleece made of recycled carbon fibers, a graphite foil and a polymer (e.g. polypropylene) in combination with an aluminum grid.

41. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. at least the second shielding layer (115), contains a metal, e.g. aluminum, copper, iron and / or silver, wherein it is preferred if at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. at least the second shielding layer (115), contains aluminum.

42. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thickness of the shielding layer (114) and / or a thickness of at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g., a thickness of the second shielding layer (115), is at most 3 mm, e.g., 0.001 to 0.7 mm.

43. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115), e.g. at least the second shielding layer (115), is an aluminum foil (116) or an aluminum sheet.

44. Protective element (102) according to one of claims 38 to 43, characterized in that the film (105), metal foil or aluminum foil (116) is bonded to an adjacent layer, e.g. intermediate layer (107), by means of an adhesion promoter.

45. Protective element (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding layer (114) and / or at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) is formed on a surface of a substrate layer, wherein the shielding layer (114) and / or the at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) is preferably formed on the surface by deposition from a surrounding medium, wherein the shielding layer (114) and / or the at least one of the shielding layers (114, 115) can be deposited on the surface, for example by vapor deposition.

46. ​​A protective element (102) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective element (102) comprises: a protective element surface (119) for attaching the protective element to a device susceptible to interference by electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields or to a source of electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

47. Energy supply system (199), e.g. for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the energy supply system (199) comprises the following: at least two conversion devices (183), a connecting device (211) which connects the at least two conversion devices (183), and at least one protective element (102) according to one of claims 1 to 46 on at least one of the at least two conversion devices (183) and / or on the connecting device (211) for protecting an environment of the energy supply system (199) from electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, wherein it is preferred if, for the protection of the environment, at least one of the at least two conversion devices (183) and / or the connecting device device (211) is received entirely or partially in an interior space (157) or in a recess (197) of the at least one protective element (102).

48. A communication system (201), e.g., for a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the communication system (201) comprises: a first communication device (203) having an interface (207) for emitting an electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal (209), a second communication device (205) having an interface (207) for receiving the electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic signal (209) of the first communication device, and at least one protective element (102) according to one of claims 1 to 46 for protecting at least one of the communication devices (203, 205) from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, wherein it is preferred if, for protecting the at least one of the communication devices (203, 205) from electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, the at least one of the communication devices (203,205) is wholly or partially accommodated in an interior space (157) or in a recess (197) of the protective element (102).

49. Motor vehicle, e.g., a fully or partially electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the motor vehicle comprises the following: a source (195) of electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, wherein the source (195) can advantageously be a conversion device (183) of a power supply system (199) of the motor vehicle, e.g., an electric motor (187) or an inverter (185), or a connecting device (211), wherein the connecting device (211) can connect two conversion devices (183) to one another, a device that can be disturbed by electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields, wherein the device that can be disturbed by electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields can be, for example, or comprise a communication device (203, 205) of the motor vehicle, and at least one protective element (102) according to one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the protective element (102) is arranged wholly or partially between the source (195) and which is arranged in a device which is disturbed by the electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.

50. A method for producing a protective element (102), an underbody protection element (108) and / or a battery housing part (106) according to one of claims 1 to 46, wherein a sealing of a surface region of a base body of the protective element (102), the underbody protection element (108) and / or the battery housing part (106) is carried out by applying a plastic-containing sealing material.

51. Method according to claim 50, characterized in that the base body is formed in a shaping tool from a plurality of starting materials which are partially or completely overlapped on one another in a planar manner, it being advantageous if at least one of the starting materials is fiber-reinforced, the plastic-containing sealing material being introduced into the shaping tool and / or the sealing of the surface region in the shaping tool by the plastic-containing sealing material taking place directly during the production of the fiber-reinforced base body.

52. Method according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that the base body is a fiber-reinforced base body and the surface region is porous and / or a part of the reinforcing fibers of the base body reaches the surface region of the base body.

53. Method according to one of claims 50 to 52, characterized in that the plastic-containing sealing material is a plastic film.

54. Method according to one of claims 50 to 52, characterized in that the plastic-containing sealing material contains reinforcing fibers.

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