Technological line intended for production of fuel gases from waste products containing hydrocarbons

Abstract

Through the present technological line intended for the production of fuel gases from waste products containing hydrocarbons, processing of different types of waste is carried out, generating fuel gases, which represent high calorific heat sources. The technological line intended for the production of combustion gases comprises the following devices connected in series by means conveyor belts for the processing of the feedstock: a first feedstock hopper (1), a second dosing hopper (2), a pyrolysis reactor (3), a flue gas outlet with a heat exchanger (4) connected to a stack (5) equipped with measuring instruments. In the furnace of the pyrolysis reactor (3) there is a second heat exchanger (6) connected to a steam distributor (8), which is connected to a gas generator (1 1) with a fourth burner (12) mounted underneath and to the pyrolysis reactor (3) heated by a first burner (7), a second burner (7.1) and a third burner (7.2) mounted underneath, which are connected to a gas holder (16). The steam distributor (8) is connected to the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the fourth burner (12) is connected to the gas holder (16). The pyrolysis reactor (3) is connected separately to a first cyclone (9) and to a third hopper (10) for coal dust, and in turn the first cyclone (9) is also connected to the third hopper (10). The first cyclone (9) and the third hopper (10) are separately connected to a gas holder (11), the first cyclone (9) also being connected to a first cooler (14) which is connected to a gas holder (16). The gas generator (1 1) is connected to a second cyclone (13), which is connected on one side to an ash hopper (17) and on the other side to a second cooler (15), which is connected to a gas holder (16).

Description

[0001] TECHNOLOGICAL LINE INTENDED FOR PRODUCTION OF FUEL GASES FROM WASTE PRODUCTS CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The technological line for the production of fuel gases from waste products containing hydrocarbons refers to the field of treatment of municipal solid waste to produce fuel gases that are used as source of thermal energy.

[0004] PRIOR ART

[0005] Patent documents are known and made available to the public domain to disclose systems for synthesizing hydrogen from municipal solid waste containing high quantities of hydrocarbon.

[0006] Document WO 2022 141 976 Al, published on 07.07.2022, describes a system for processing municipal solid waste to produce synthesis gas(SynGas) and hydrogen, which serve as energy sources. The system comprises pyrolysis and loop reactors, devices for removal of the resulting synthesis gas and hydrogen used as thermal energy sources.

[0007] Patent document CN 111 266 380 A, published on 12.06.2020, relates to the field of treatment of municipal solid waste modified and converted into RDF, which is subjected to gasification, whereby the hydrogen separated is purified to produce industrial gas, and the remaining gas is fed to a generator to produce electricity.

[0008] The closest document is considered to be US 2022 315 424 Al , published on 10.06.2022, wherein a method and system for synthesizing hydrogen by pyrolysis of hydrocarbon- containing products are disclosed. As end products, carbon particles and hydrogen gas are produced, which are converted into heat or electrical energy. The pyrolysis reactor is equipped with a hydrogen-carbon separation system and the power generation system includes at least one of the following devices: a thermoelectronic converter, an power converter, a thermophotovoltaic converter, a thermoelectric converter, a gas engine, a gas turbine, a fuel cell, a microturbine, an internal combustion engine, a steam turbine or a Stirling engine. In various embodiments, the amount of electricity generated varies between 0.01 kW and 50 kW.

[0009] TECHNICAL NATURE OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The objective which is set by the present invention is to create a technoological line indtended for the production of fuel gases by treating different types of waste, such as raw materials obtained after separation, unsuitable for recycling or reuse, RDF or SRF, waste tires, biological waste, medical waste, carbon, etc.

[0011] The objective is achieved by the plant created according to the invention, which, in comparison with known plants of the prior art, has a simplified construction, by means of which an ecological and waste-free technology is realised, the amount of thermal energy obtained being of about 11 MW / h. This result is due to the selection and connection of the devices in the current technological line, which results in a nominal throughput of 2t / h at a raw material moisture content of 10% and a particle size of 30 / 30 mm.

[0012] The pyrolysis reactor represents seamless nickel tube with a thickness of 25 mm to 28 mm, covered with special thermal insulation, which creates the conditions for synergistic working processes at temperatures from 1000° C to 1100° C.

[0013] For obtaining a higher volume of thermal energy by means of the present installation when compared to the known state of the art, main contributors for that constitute the technical solution of installing in the furnace of the pyrolysis reactor a second heat exchanger, where the output steam from the first heat exchanger is additionally heated up to a temperature of 1100° C, thus ensuring a steam conversion process between the reactor and the gas generator. This solution leads to an improvement of the pyrolysis process, related to an increase of the amount of thermal energy generated up to 11 MW / h compared to known prior art plants. The steam conversion process differentiates the claimed installation from known prior art installations and contributes to achieving an unexpected effect related to the increased amount of thermal energy produced. The process of waste treatment in the pyrolysis reactor takes place in a nickel environment with a dosed supply of highly heated steam above 1000° C to the methane released during solid waste digestion, whereby the steam is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen molecule enriches and increases the volume of the resulting fuel gas, resulting in a faster and more efficient production of a larger quantity of higher calorific value hydrogen steam.

[0014] The only waste that is produced from 2000 kg / h of input raw material is 10 kg of ash, i.e. 0.005% of the input raw material, which constitutes an indisputable proof of the achieved environmentally friendly and waste-free technology.

[0015] The technological line intended for the production of combustion gases comprises the following devices connected sequentially by means of conveyor belts for the processing of the feedstock: a first feedstock hopper (1), a second dosing hopper (2), a pyrolysis reactor (3), a flue gas outlet with a heat exchanger (4) equipped with measuring instruments, connected to a stack (5) equipped with measuring instruments. In the furnace of the pyrolysis reactor (3) is arranged a second heat exchanger (6) , connected to a steam distributor (8), which is connected to a gas generator (11) with a fourth burner (12) mounted below it and to the pyrolysis reactor (3), heated by a first burner (7), a second burner (7.1) and a third burner (7.2) mounted below it, which are connected to a gas holder (16). The steam distributor (8) is connected to the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the fourth burner (12) is connected to the gas-holder (16). The pyrolysis reactor (3) is connected individually to a first cyclone (9) and to a third hopper (10) for coal dust, and in turn the first cyclone (9) is also connected to the third hopper

[0016] (10). The first cyclone (9) and the third hopper (10) are separately connected to a gas holder

[0017] (11), the first cyclone (9) also being connected to a first cooler (14) which is connected to a gas holder (16). The gas generator (11) is connected to a second cyclone (13), which is connected on one side to an ash hopper (17) and on the other side to a second cooler (15), which is connected to a gas holder (16).

[0018] DESCRIPTION OF THE ENCLOSED DRAWINGS

[0019] Fig.l. illustrated a technological line intended for the production of fuel gases

[0020] 1 - first hopper;

[0021] 2 - second dosing hopper; 3 - pyrolysis reactor;

[0022] 4 - flue gas outlet with heat exchanger;

[0023] 5 - stack with measuring instruments;

[0024] 6 - second heat exchanger;

[0025] 7 - first burner;

[0026] 7.1 - second burner;

[0027] 7.2 - third burner;

[0028] 8 - steam distributor;

[0029] 9 - first cyclone;

[0030] 10- third hopper;

[0031] 11 - gas generator;

[0032] 12 - fourth burner;

[0033] 13 - second cyclone;

[0034] 14 - first cooler;

[0035] 15 - second cooler;

[0036] 16 - gas holder;

[0037] 17 - ash hopper;

[0038] EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0039] The attached examples illustrate preferred embodiments on an illustrative basis with respect to the invention but do not limit to the embodiments described herein.

[0040] The incoming raw material is subject to dosage, conducted by means of a screw conveyor with a frequency regulator, into a first hopper 1 intended to collect the raw material. From the first hopper 1, by means of an auger, the feedstock enters a second dosing hopper 2 which feeds the pyrolysis reactor 3 where the actual thermal processing of the incoming feedstock into finished products and associated gases takes place. The pyrolysis reactor 3 constitutes a seamless nickel tube and consists of a furnace and an auger made of heat resistant, stainless materials. In order to distribute the temperature evenly over the entire length of the reactor, it is heated to a temperature of -900-1000° C by means of a first burner 7, a second burner 7.2 and a third burner 7.3 mounted below the pyrolysis reactor 3 and supplied with gas derived from a gas holder 16.

[0041] The pyrolysis reactor 3 is provided with thermal insulation in order to ensure high efficiency. The sealing materials allow the reactor to operate at temperatures of around 1100° C.

[0042] The pyrolysis reactor 3 is connected to a heat exchanger 4, which generates superheated steam from a liquid (condensate). The heat exchanger 4 operates with exhaust flue gases derived from the pyrolysis reactor 3. The superheated steam produced by heat exchanger 4 has an outlet temperature of 370 °C. Heat exchanger 4 is made of steel and is equipped with shut-off and control valves, level, temperature and pressure sensors.

[0043] The exhaust gases from the pyrolysis reactor 3, after passing through the heat exchanger 4, are discharged in a controlled manner into the atmosphere by means of a stack 5. The following systems are installed on the stack 5:

[0044] - intended for continuous, automatic measurement of emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, total organic carbon, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and sulphur dioxide;

[0045] - intended for continuous measurements of the volumetric flow rate, pressure and temperature of waste gases and their oxygen and water vapour content;

[0046] A second heat exchanger 6 is placed in the pyrolysis reactor furnace 3. The outlet steam from the first heat exchanger 4, having a temperature of 370 °C, enters the second heat exchanger 6 for further heating to a temperature of 1 100 °C. It then enters steam distributor 8, which distributes the steam required to carry out the steam conversion process between pyrolysis reactor 3 and gas generator 11 .

[0047] In the pyrolysis reactor 3, initially by means of a first burner 7, a second burner 7. 1 and a third burner 7.3, the combustion process is started by igniting the incoming feedstock. By means of a steam diffuser, 200-250 kg / h of highly heated steam from the steam distributor 8 is injected in a dosed manner and a temperature of 900° to 1100° C is achieved. The oxygen contained in the steam supports the combustion process in the pyrolysis reactor 3. The amount of steam supplied is directly proportional to the amount of feedstock in the second dosing hopper 2. In the pyrolysis reactor 3, under oxygen-free conditions at a temperature of 1000°C to 1300°C, the feedstock (containing hydrocarbons acting as catalyst), together with nickel and highly heated steam at a temperature of 1100°C, forms steam-hydrogen gas, which is used to sustain the combustion process and produce thermal energy. The fuel gas produced in pyrolysis reactor 3 consists of hydrogen, pyrolysis gas and methane in varying proportions, depending on the quality and calorific value of the feedstock. The fuel gas from the pyrolysis reactor 3 enters the first cyclone 9 for cleaning from coal dust. The coal dust is conveyed to a third hopper 10, from where it enters a gas generator 11 for re -treatment. After the fuel gas is purged of the coal dust in the first cyclone 9, it enters a first cooler 14 for cooling, after which it is sent to a gas holder 16 for purposes of a storage.

[0048] The steam diffusion releases coal dust into a third hopper 10, which is discharged by means of an auger out of the pyrolysis reactor 3 and directed to a gas generator 11.

[0049] The gas generator 11 is designed to generate combustible gas from solid and liquid feedstocks in the absence of an oxidant.

[0050] The gas generator 11 comprises a power frame on which all the components of the apparatus are mounted. The body of the gas generator 11 is made of heat-resistant, stainless steel, and is lined with chamotte in particularly stressed areas. A grate device, operating in a continuous cycle, is fitted on the bottom for the discharge of slag and ash. All workflows are automated using control sensors. Gas generator 11 operates in reverse oxidation mode.

[0051] Coal dust from the third hopper 10 and gases from the first cyclone 9 of the pyrolysis reactor 3 are fed into the gas generator 11 and steam is fed from the steam distributor 8 via a diffuser. As a result of steam conversion at a temperature of 1000° C, combustion gases with a predominant hydrogen content are emitted. The combustion gases enter a second cyclone 13 for cleaning and then for cooling in a second cooler 15 and are stored in a gas holder 16. The ash from the second cyclone 13 is separated and conveyed to an ash hopper 17.

[0052] The fuel gases obtained from the pyrolysis reactor 3 and the gas generator 11, stored in the gas holder 16, are in the amount of 2200 m3 / h, have a calorific value of 7.5 kW / m3 and a thermal energy of 11 MW / h.

[0053] The advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0054] By means of a technological line for the production of fuel gases from hydrocarbon-rich municipal solid waste, the full energy value of the feedstock is preserved. The process of converting waste to combustible gases using the present technological line achieves an efficiency of 60-80%, in contrast to similar waste product conversion processes known in the prior art. The resulting thermal energy can be used in various industrial and domestic applications, as well as for electricity generation.

[0055] The municipal solid waste processing plant is combustion-free and provides a zero-emission and environmentally friendly technology, as the waste product is in a minimum quantity of 0,005% and is used in construction and agriculture.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS1. The technological line intended for the production of combustion gases from waste products containing hydrocarbons, comprising a pyrolysis reactor, hoppers and cyclones, characterized in that it comprises a first feedstock hopper (1), a second dosing hoppe (2), the pyrolysis reactor (3), a flue gas outlet with a heat exchanger (4) connected sequentially by means of transport belts, to a stack (5) equipped with measuring instruments, the pyrolysis reactor (3) comprising a furnace in which is placed a second heat exchanger (6) , connected to a steam distributor (8), which is connected to a gas generator (11) with a fourth burner (12) mounted underneath it and to the pyrolysis reactor (3) heated by a first burner (7), a second burner (7. 1) and a third burner (7. 2), which arc connected to the gas holder (16), the steam distributor (8) being connected to the pyrolysis reactor (3) and the fourth burner (12) being connected to the gas holder (16), the pyrolysis reactor (3) being connected separately to the first cyclone (9) and to the third hopper (10), and in turn the first cyclone (9) also being connected to the third hopper (10), wherein the first cyclone (9) and the third hopper (10) are separately connected to a gas holder (11), the first cyclone (9) also being connected to a first cooler (14) which is connected to the gas holder (16), and the gas generator (1 1) being connected to a second cyclone (13) which is on the one hand connected to the ash hopper (17) and on the other hand connected to a second cooler (15) which is connected to the gas holder (16).

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