Electric connector and assembling method therefor

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are an electric connector and an assembling method therefor. The electric connector comprises a plug, a socket, and a floating base, the plug comprising a plug base and a pin assembly assembled inside the plug base, the socket comprising a socket base and a jack assembly assembled in the socket base, the pin assembly comprising a sleeve and a twist pin crimped with the sleeve, and the twist pin being located inside the floating base; the floating base and the plug or the socket being slidably inserted by means of an accessory, and the floating base being provided with guide holes for guiding the pin assembly and the jack assembly; and a positioning structure, comprising a first elastic clip disposed on the plug base and a second elastic clip disposed on the socket base, the first elastic clip being suitable for abutting against an edge of the floating base facing the socket base, and the second elastic clip being suitable for pushing the first elastic clip away from the edge when the plug base moves in place to the socket base.

Description

Electrical connector and assembly method thereof

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 15, 2023, with application number 202310714627.2 and application name “Electrical connector and assembly method thereof”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of devices for plugging and separating electrical terminals, and in particular to an electrical connector and an assembly method thereof. Background Art

[0003] In the prior art, when assembling a (micro-rectangular) electrical connector with a twisted pin as the pin assembly, special equipment is first used to crimp the twisted pin 121 and the sleeve 122 to form a pin assembly 12. Then, multiple pin assemblies 12 and jack assemblies 21 are respectively installed into the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 with the help of tools through a small interference fit or a small clearance fit. The first glue layer 14 formed by the first glue filling with 502 glue or DG-3 epoxy glue with the help of tooling is initially positioned (axially). The semi-finished product is installed into the corresponding plug housing 13 and socket housing 22, and then the second glue layer 15 is formed by the second glue filling with 703 or DG-3 epoxy glue to seal the gap to prevent glue leakage during the third glue filling; DG-3 epoxy glue is used to seal the glue cavity for the third time to form a third glue layer 16 and then cured in an oven to achieve complete positioning of the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21. The assembled electrical connector can be referred to Figure 1. Afterwards, manual needle calibration is used to place the twist needle tip at a position offset by ±0.1 mm from the center of the hole in the plug base 11.

[0004] The method of glue filling and manual needle adjustment by workers has the following defects:

[0005] High cost: For example, to produce a 51-core 1.27mm pitch product, the glue filling and pin alignment time is 0.6 to 1 hour, and the industry average is 0.8 hours. An experienced employee can complete the glue filling and pin alignment process of a 51-core product on average every day, with an output of less than 10 pieces. The daily wage of the assembler is calculated at 160 yuan, and the average glue filling and pin alignment cost of a 51-core product is 16 yuan.

[0006] The glue potting process is complex and difficult to inspect and repair: As described above, electrical connector assembly requires at least three glue potting cycles, which also require vacuuming and curing, making the process complex and time-consuming. As shown in Figure 1, the twist pin assembly is located inside the plug base. If one or a few copper wires break during manual calibration, the defect cannot be detected immediately. If the product experiences poor contact at the customer's site, it can only be discovered through destructive inspection.

[0007] Needle alignment is difficult: When aligning needles, it all depends on the workers' experience, and it is difficult to ensure that all the twist needles are placed within the center offset of the base hole within ±0.1 mm. If the jack component is inserted into the twist needle that is not in the center of the jack component, the needle cannot enter the jack component and is pushed back, which is prone to needle collapse.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] In response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the electrical connector and assembly method thereof provided in the present application solve the problem of high cost associated with the existing need for pin alignment.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention objectives, the technical solutions adopted in this application are:

[0011] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an electrical connector, which includes a plug, a socket and a floating base, the plug includes a plug base and a pin assembly assembled inside the plug base, and the socket includes a socket base and a jack assembly assembled inside the socket base; the pin assembly includes a sleeve and a twisted pin crimped with the sleeve, and the twisted pin is located inside the floating base; the floating base is slidably engaged with the plug or the socket, and a guide hole is provided on the floating base to guide the pin assembly and the jack assembly; the positioning structure includes a first elastic clip arranged on the plug base and a second elastic clip arranged on the socket base, the first elastic clip is suitable for pressing against the edge of the floating base facing the plug base, and the second elastic clip is suitable for pushing the first elastic clip away from the edge when the plug base moves into position toward the socket base.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: after the floating base is set in this solution, there is no need to calibrate the plug during production. Even if the twist pin is offset, the floating base can guide the pin assembly and the socket assembly entering the interior thereof when the plug is plugged into the socket, so as to ensure that all the twist pin needles of the plug can be reliably inserted into the socket assembly, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of collapsed pins; since there is no need for needle calibration, the assembly time is shortened and the production cost is reduced; in addition, after the insertion is completed, the floating base can store and protect the pin assembly. This solution can make most of the structure of the pin assembly located inside the floating base, so that the twist pin can be contained and guided to ensure the plugging of the twist pin and the socket assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, the guide hole includes a first-level guide hole arranged at both ends of the floating base for guiding the pin assembly and the jack assembly into the floating base, and the end aperture of the first-level guide hole guiding the jack assembly is larger than the diameter of the jack assembly; the two first-level guide holes are connected through the guide hole, and the guide hole adjacent to one end of the jack assembly is arranged to form a guide cone hole for correcting the pin assembly.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the primary guide holes on both sides can play a primary guiding role for the pin assembly and the jack assembly, so as to ensure that the two can smoothly enter the floating base and adjust the center degree; the pin assembly entering the floating base can be moved to the guide cone hole under the guidance of the guide hole, so that the twisted needle that deviates from the center returns to the center position, so as to ensure the precise alignment of the pin assembly and the jack assembly.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer surface of the jack assembly is provided with an annular barb that limits the backward movement of the jack assembly when the plug and socket are inserted into each other, and an annular boss that limits the jack assembly from separating from the socket base when the plug and socket are separated; a limit platform that cooperates with the annular barb and the annular boss is provided in the through hole in which the jack assembly is installed inside the socket base; the jack assembly and the socket base are clearance-matched.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer surface of the sleeve is provided with an annular barb that limits the backward movement of the pin assembly when the plug and socket are inserted into each other, and an annular boss that limits the pin assembly from separating from the plug base when the plug and socket are separated; a limit platform that cooperates with the annular barb and the annular boss is provided in the through hole in the plug base where the pin assembly is installed.

[0017] The pin assembly and the socket assembly are pressed into the base hole with a small interference fit through the barb structure. After the barb passes the limit table, the base relies on its own elasticity to restore to the size before the barb is installed, thereby realizing bidirectional positioning of the pin assembly and the socket assembly.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: after the annular boss and the annular barb are provided on the pin assembly and the sleeve, the pin assembly and the socket assembly can be limited in two directions of insertion and removal movement to ensure that the pin assembly and the socket assembly are stably fixed inside the corresponding base; after the present solution adopts this structure, when the pin assembly and the socket assembly are fixed, there is no need for multiple adhesive layers to fix the pin assembly, thereby simplifying the assembly process of the electrical connector and reducing costs.

[0019] Furthermore, the electrical connector also includes a locking mechanism for locking the plug and socket when they are inserted together through the floating base. The provision of the locking mechanism improves the stability of the plug and socket connection and ensures the shock resistance of the electrical connector during operation.

[0020] Furthermore, when the pin assembly and the jack assembly are connected to the wire, the locking mechanism includes a fork sleeve installed on the socket base / plug base and a guide sleeve installed on the plug base / socket base; a screw is slidably assembled in the guide sleeve, and the part of the screw located in the guide sleeve is configured as a sleeve with an internal thread; the two arc-shaped blocks of the fork sleeve and the two arc-shaped blocks of the guide sleeve are mated and assembled into a circle; after the plug and the socket are plugged into place, the screw passing through the fork sleeve is used to lock the screw, and the screw is locked to the plug base / socket base through the nut.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: when the plug and socket are plugged in, the fork sleeve and the guide sleeve come into contact first, and can play a preliminary guiding role through the arc block, so that the plug and socket can move on the same horizontal plane, so that the pin assembly and the jack assembly can be relatively accurately aligned with the guide hole on the floating base; the screw in the fork sleeve and the screw entering the guide sleeve cooperate with each other, and the plug and socket that are plugged in and out can be locked to achieve the stability of the connection between the two.

[0022] Furthermore, when the floating base is slidably sleeved on the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve is provided with an anti-fall-off boss to limit the floating base from falling off; the fork sleeve is provided with a stop platform that cooperates with the floating base and moves the floating base toward the plug base / socket base under thrust; the end of the fork sleeve is provided with a positioning ramp, and the thickness of the positioning ramp gradually increases from the end to the stop platform.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: this solution sets the floating base on the guide sleeve, so that the plug, socket and floating base can only move in the length direction of the guide sleeve when plugged in, ensuring the accurate alignment of the three when plugged in; the anti-slip boss can limit the floating base to the guide sleeve, so that when plugging in, there is no need to adjust the alignment of the floating base and the plug and socket.

[0024] Furthermore, a locking mechanism is installed on both sides of the socket base and the plug base. The notch between the two curved pieces of one guide sleeve is perpendicular to the notch between the two curved pieces of the other guide sleeve. This orientation prevents reverse insertion of the socket or plug, completely defining the unique correspondence between each pin assembly and each socket assembly in the plug and socket, preventing incorrect connections.

[0025] Furthermore, when the pin assembly and the socket assembly are connected to the solder pins passing through the printed circuit board, the locking mechanism includes mounting holes opened on the plug base and the socket base and threaded connectors that cooperate with the mounting holes to fix the plug base and the socket base to the printed circuit board.

[0026] Furthermore, an opening is provided on the floating base, and the edge portion is maintained between the walls opposite to the opening; the plug base has a guide wall spaced apart from the first elastic clip, and the edge and the first elastic clip are located between the guide wall and the opening, and the second elastic clip is suitable for moving under the guidance of the guide wall and pushing the first elastic clip into the opening.

[0027] Furthermore, the guide wall includes a first guide section, a second guide section and a third guide section, one end of the second guide section is connected to the third guide section, and the other end extends obliquely in a direction away from the first elastic clip to connect with the first guide section, and the second elastic clip is suitable for moving in a direction close to the first elastic clip under the guidance of the second guide section.

[0028] Furthermore, the bottom of the edge has a first inclined surface parallel to the surface of the second guide section, and the end of the second elastic clip has a second inclined surface and a third inclined surface arranged opposite to each other, the second inclined surface contacts and cooperates with the surface of the second guide section, and the third inclined surface contacts and cooperates with the first inclined surface.

[0029] Furthermore, a first plane is defined between the second inclined surface and the third inclined surface, and the first elastic clip has a second plane facing the guide wall.

[0030] Furthermore, the projections of the first elastic clamp, the second elastic clamp and the edge in the plugging direction overlap; and the first elastic clamp is provided with a third plane suitable for abutting against the edge.

[0031] Furthermore, a fourth inclined surface is provided between the first plane and the second inclined surface, a fifth inclined surface is provided at the top of the edge for guiding and cooperating with the fourth inclined surface, and a fourth plane is provided between the fifth inclined surface and the first inclined surface.

[0032] Furthermore, a sixth slope is provided between the second plane and the third plane, and a seventh slope is provided at the bottom of the edge to cooperate with the sixth slope for guidance; an eighth slope is provided at the edge of the second plane opposite to the sixth slope, and a ninth slope is provided at the top of the edge to cooperate with the eighth slope for guidance.

[0033] Furthermore, a fifth plane is provided between the fifth inclined surface and the ninth inclined surface, and an angle between the fifth plane and the ninth inclined surface is an acute angle.

[0034] In a second aspect, a method for assembling an electrical connector is provided, comprising the steps of:

[0035] Assemble the pin assembly and the jack assembly into the plug base and the socket base respectively, and make the pin assembly and the plug base have clearance fit, and make the jack assembly and the socket base have clearance fit;

[0036] Slidingly install the floating base on the plug base or the socket base and abutting against the positioning structure, and inserting the pin assembly and the socket assembly into the guide hole of the floating base;

[0037] When the socket base contacts the floating base, the floating base is moved toward the plug base until the plug and socket are mated.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: when producing plugs and sockets, this solution does not require multiple glue sealing operations to achieve stable fixation of the pin assembly and the plug assembly in their corresponding bases, thereby shortening the production time; the plugs and sockets are plugged together through a floating base, and there is no need to calibrate the twist needles, further shortening the production cycle and thus significantly reducing production costs.

[0039] Compared with the twist pin electrical connector products in the prior art, it does not require multi-layer glue potting to achieve stable connection of multiple components, and the plug shell does not need to be guided into the interior of the socket shell for insertion, which simplifies the micro rectangular electrical connector structure.

[0040] Since the structure of this solution is simplified, it can reduce the pitch of the twist pin electrical connector (micro rectangular electrical connector) from the current common 1.27mm to 0.635mm. There is no glue filling and pin calibration operation, and the assembly of 0.635mm pitch products can be semi-automated or fully automated, and mass production can be achieved.

[0041] Because the twist pins are located outside the plug base (inside the floating base), there's no need for alignment. This allows for rapid mass production of twist pin (micro-rectangular) connectors, significantly reducing product costs and expanding their use beyond military applications to civilian applications. The product's reworkability improves the first-pass acceptance rate to 99%.

[0042] Compared with existing technologies, the product's electrical performance is more reliable. The environmental performance range is broadened, for example, the product's resistance to high and low temperatures can be expanded (since there is no potting layer, there is no need to worry about the impact of high and low temperatures on the potting compound), allowing it to withstand higher or lower ambient temperatures, making the twist pin electrical connector suitable for wave soldering.

[0043] When the wires of the twist pin electrical connector are replaced with solder pins, the twist pin contact electrical connector can be successfully applied in large quantities to the printed circuit board-to-board structure, replacing the more expensive wire spring jack component structure. The minimum pitch of the printed circuit board electrical connector can be reduced from 1.2mm to 0.635mm, and semi-automatic or fully automated large-scale assembly production can be achieved.

[0044] By replacing the calibration pin method with a floating base, not only rectangular but also micro-circular pins can be widely applied. This includes 0.65 twisted wire pin assemblies with currents exceeding 5A, which can be easily applied to rectangular or circular electrical connector products, thereby reducing product pitch and broadening the application range of twist pin contacts in electrical connector products. Twist pin electrical connectors can be considered for low-current electrical connectors of 5A and below, whether circular or rectangular, in the future. This technology can completely replace the existing J29A series with a pitch of 1.91mm, the J30J series with a pitch of 1.27mm, and the J63A series with a pitch of 0.635mm for micro-rectangular electrical connectors, offering significant improvements and obvious advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0046] FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of a twist pin (micro-rectangular) electrical connector in the prior art.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the assembled electrical connector.

[0048] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the electrical connector in FIG2 from one perspective.

[0049] FIG4 is an enlarged view of portion A in FIG3 .

[0050] FIG5 is an enlarged view of portion B in FIG3 .

[0051] FIG6 is a perspective view of the locking mechanism.

[0052] FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing the assembly of a portion of the locking mechanism with the plug and the floating base.

[0053] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the locking mechanism located on the socket base and mated with the floating base.

[0054] FIG9 is a perspective view of an electrical connector used in conjunction with a circuit (printed) board.

[0055] FIG10 is a cross-sectional view of the electrical connector in FIG2 from another perspective.

[0056] FIG11 is an enlarged view of the floating base in FIG3 ;

[0057] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning structure;

[0058] FIG13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a positioning structure;

[0059] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of the first elastic clip and the second elastic clip being plugged into place;

[0060] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the plug base, the floating base and the socket base;

[0061] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating base;

[0062] FIG17 is a structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0063] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0064] FIG19 is a structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0065] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0066] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0067] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0068] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0069] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug base, floating base and socket base during the plugging process;

[0070] Figure 25 is an enlarged view of portion C in Figure 13;

[0071] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of a shielding structure;

[0072] Figure 27 is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting sleeve;

[0073] FIG28 is an enlarged view of portion D in FIG26 ;

[0074] FIG29 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectangular plate-to-plate shielding structure;

[0075] FIG30 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a rectangular plate-to-plate shielding structure;

[0076] FIG31 is a schematic structural diagram of an outgoing line shielding structure;

[0077] FIG32 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cable;

[0078] FIG33 is a schematic structural diagram of a circular outgoing line shielding structure;

[0079] Figure 34 is a schematic structural diagram of the socket housing;

[0080] FIG35 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the circular outlet shielding structure;

[0081] FIG36 is a schematic structural diagram of the outlet cavity of the socket housing;

[0082] FIG37 is a schematic structural diagram of the wire outlet cavity of the plug housing.

[0083] Among them, 1. Plug; 11. Plug base; 111. First limiting hole; 12. Pin assembly; 121. Twist needle; 122. Sleeve; 13. Plug housing; 14. First glue layer; 15. Second glue layer; 16. Third glue layer; 2. Socket; 21. Jack assembly; 211. Annular boss; 212. Annular barb; 22. Socket housing; 221. Annular groove; 23. Socket base; 24. Limiting platform; 25. Third limiting hole; 3. Floating base; 31. Guide hole; 32. Edge; 3 21. Opening; 322. First inclined plane; 323. Fifth inclined plane; 324. Fourth plane; 325. Seventh inclined plane; 326. Ninth inclined plane; 327. Fifth plane; 328. Second limiting hole; 311. Primary guide hole; 312. Guide hole; 313. Guide tapered hole; 314. End face straight hole; 4. Locking mechanism; 41. Fork sleeve; 411. Arc block; 412. Stop platform; 413. Notch; 414. Positioning ramp; 42. Guide sleeve; 421. Anti-slip boss; 43. Screw; 44. Screw; 4 5. Nut; 5. Circuit board; 6. First elastic clamp; 61. Second plane; 62. Third plane; 63. Sixth inclined plane; 64. Eighth inclined plane; 7. Second elastic clamp; 71. Second inclined plane; 72. Third inclined plane; 73. First plane; 74. Fourth inclined plane; 75. Vertical wall; 8. Guide wall; 81. First guide section; 82. Second guide section; 83. Third guide section; 91. Guide post; 911. First guide section; 912. Second guide section; 913. Third guide section; 914. First step ;915, second step;921, first nut;922, second nut;101, connecting sleeve;1011, straight arm;1012, straight slot;1013, limiting boss;1014, limiting stop;1015, chamfer;102, conductive ring;1031, outlet cavity;1032, shrinkage cavity;1033, sheath fixing groove;1034, shielding net clamping section;1035, wire hole;1036, cable;1037, single-core conductor;1038, circular shielding net;1039, insulating sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] The specific implementation methods of the present application are described below to facilitate understanding of the present application by those skilled in the art. However, it should be clear that the present application is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation methods. For those skilled in the art in the present technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present application as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations conceived using the present application are protected.

[0085] As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 10, the electrical connector provided by this solution includes a plug 1, a socket 2, a floating base 3 and a positioning structure. The socket 2 includes a socket base 23 and a jack assembly 21 assembled in the socket base 23; as shown in Figure 4, the outer surface of the jack assembly 21 is provided with an annular barb 212 for limiting the backward movement of the jack assembly 21 when the plug 1 and the socket 2 are plugged in, and an annular boss 211 for limiting the jack assembly 21 from separating from the socket base 23 when the plug 1 and the socket 2 are separated; a limit platform 24 that cooperates with the annular barb 212 and the annular boss 211 is provided in the through hole of the socket base 23 in which the jack assembly 21 is installed; the jack assembly 21 is clearance-matched with the socket base 23.

[0086] A small clearance is preferably used between the jack assembly 21 and the base. This arrangement helps to reduce the insertion and removal force. When plugged in, each jack assembly 21 has a certain floating space in its radial direction to ensure that it is concentric with the end face straight hole 314 of the corresponding base.

[0087] The plug 1 includes a plug base 11 and a pin assembly 12 assembled inside the plug base 11. The pin assembly 12 includes a sleeve 122 and a twisted pin 121 crimped with the sleeve 122. The twisted pin 121 and part of the sleeve 122 are located inside the floating base 3. As shown in Figure 5, the outer surface of the sleeve 122 is provided with an annular barb 212 for limiting the backward movement of the pin assembly 12 when the plug 1 and the socket 2 are inserted into each other, and an annular boss 211 for limiting the separation of the pin assembly 12 from the plug base 11 when the plug 1 and the socket 2 are separated. The through hole in the plug base 11 in which the pin assembly 12 is mounted is provided with an annular barb 212 and a limit platform 24 that cooperates with the annular boss 211. Similarly, the pin assembly 12 is clearance-fitted with the plug base 11.

[0088] After the present solution provides an annular barb 212 and an annular boss 211 on the pin assembly 12 and the sleeve 122, the pin assembly 12 and the socket assembly 21 can be limited in two directions of insertion and removal movement to ensure that the pin assembly 12 and the socket assembly 21 are stably fixed inside the corresponding base; after the present solution adopts this structure, when the pin assembly 12 and the socket assembly 21 are fixed, there is no need for multiple layers of adhesive to fix the pin assembly 12 and the socket assembly 21, thereby simplifying the assembly process of the electrical connector and reducing costs.

[0089] Referring again to Figures 3 and 10, the floating base 3 slides with the plug base 11 or the socket base 23. The floating base 3 is provided with a guide hole 31 for guiding the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21. In actual use, the plug 1 and the socket 2 of the socket 2 will be fixedly mounted on a component that requires electrical transmission. For this purpose, the present solution preferably slides the floating base 3 (when there is no locking mechanism 4, the sliding installation here can be achieved by providing a guide rod on the socket base 23, and sliding the floating base on the guide rod) on the plug 1. When plugging and disconnecting, the floating base 3 is linked, which is equivalent to a movable split design of the plug 1. When plugged into the socket 2, the socket base 23 pushes the floating base 3 toward the plug base 11, and guides and inserts all the twist needles 121 into the mating position of the jack assembly 21.

[0090] The structure and plug-in connection principle of the twist needle 121: Twist needle 121 is made of 12 fine beryllium copper wires (3 inner and 9 outer), twisted and then bulged (large in the middle and small at the ends). After tempering and stress-relieving, the beryllium copper wires maintain their elasticity. After the small section enters the hole of the jack assembly 21, the large section enters the hole. Because the outer diameter of the large section's circumscribed circle is larger than the hole diameter of the jack assembly 21, the 9 outer copper wires are squeezed and retracted, relying on the elastic force of the copper wires to push back against the wall of the jack assembly 21. This reverse extrusion force is maintained, forming nine points of contact between the twist needle 121 and the jack assembly 21 around the circumference of the jack assembly 21, completing the electrical connection. When the twist needle 121 is separated from the hole of the jack assembly 21, the diameter of the large section returns to its original size due to the elasticity of the material itself, preparing for the next plug-in connection.

[0091] As shown in Figure 11, during implementation, the preferred guide hole 31 of this scheme includes a first-level guide hole 311 provided at both ends of the floating base 3 for guiding the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21 into the floating base 3, and the end aperture of the first-level guide hole 311 guiding the jack assembly 21 is larger than the diameter of the jack assembly 21; the two first-level guide holes 311 are connected through a guide hole 312, and the guide hole 312 is adjacent to one end of the jack assembly 21 to form a guide cone hole 313 for correcting the pin assembly 12.

[0092] The two primary guide holes 311 combined with the guide tapered hole 313 can always place the sleeve 122 of the pin assembly 12 in the hole of the floating base 3. When the electrical connector is plugged in and out, the sleeve 122 of the pin assembly 12 is guided to move in the hole of the floating base 3; the primary guide holes 311 on both sides can play a primary guiding role for the pin assembly 12 and the socket assembly 21 to ensure that the two can smoothly enter the floating base 3 and adjust the center degree; the pin assembly 12 entering the floating base 3 can move to the guide tapered hole 313 under the guidance of the guide hole 312, so that the twisted needle 121 that is off-center returns to the center position.

[0093] In order to ensure that the twist needle 121 is accurately aligned with the floating base 3 to meet the preparation work for the connection between the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21, during implementation, this solution is provided with a positioning structure between the plug base 11 and the socket base 23. The positioning structure is used to keep the floating base 3 in a predetermined position. At the predetermined position, the twist needle 121 mentioned above can be located in the primary guide hole 311 and the guide hole 312, thereby ensuring that after the plug base 11 drives the floating base 3 to move to dock with the jack assembly 21, the twist needle 121 can enter the guide cone hole 313 and the jack assembly 21 in sequence as the floating base 3 moves, thereby achieving accurate and complete entry into the jack assembly 21. The plug base 11 and the socket base 23 complete the plugging or separation by relative movement. The plug base 11 and the socket base 23 can move toward each other at the same time, or the plug base 11 moves toward the socket base 23, or the socket base 23 moves toward the plug base 11, thereby completing the plugging. The separation method is opposite to the above-mentioned movement direction. In order to ensure the simplicity of the text, the following example is used to illustrate the plugging or separation by the plug base 11 moving toward or away from the socket base 23.

[0094] As shown in Figures 12, 13, and 14, the positioning structure specifically includes a first elastic clip 6 disposed on the plug base 11 and a second elastic clip 7 disposed on the socket base 23. The first elastic clip 6 is adapted to abut against an edge 32 of the floating base 3 facing the plug base, and the second elastic clip 7 is adapted to push the first elastic clip 6 away from the edge 32 when the plug base 11 is moved toward the socket base 23. In other words, the plug base 11 drives the first elastic clip 6 to gradually move toward the socket base 23. When the plug base 11 is moved into position, the first elastic clip 6 contacts the second elastic clip 7. During continued insertion, the first elastic clip 6 is pushed away from the edge 32 by the second elastic clip 7, thereby releasing the position restriction on the floating base 3 and allowing the floating base 3 to move toward the plug base 11. The first elastic clip 6 and the second elastic clip 7 extend along the insertion direction, which refers to the direction in which the plug base 11 moves toward or away from the socket base 23. Two first elastic clips 6 are disposed on opposite sides of the plug base 11, two second elastic clips 7 are disposed on opposite sides of the socket base 23, and two edges 32 are disposed on opposite sides of the floating base 3. The first elastic clips 6, second elastic clips 7, and edges 32 on the same side cooperate to ensure that both sides of the floating base 3 are supported by the first elastic clips 6, thereby ensuring that the floating base 3 can accurately insert the twist needle 121 into the jack assembly 21. The structure and cooperation of the first elastic clips 6, second elastic clips 7, and edges 32 on both sides are identical, and will be described in detail below using one side as an example.

[0095] As shown in Figures 12 and 14, when the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 are in a separated state, the top of the first elastic clip 6 abuts against the surface of the edge 32 facing the plug base 11, thereby maintaining the floating base 3 in a predetermined position. At this predetermined position, the twist needle 121 is located in the primary guide hole 311 and the guide hole 312. The floating base 3 moves synchronously with the plug base 11. When the plug base 11 moves to the point where the floating base 3 contacts the jack assembly 21, the first elastic clip 6 just contacts the second elastic clip 7. The plug base 11 continues to move, and the first elastic clip 6 is squeezed by the second elastic clip 7 and moves away from the edge 32. Specifically, as shown in FIG11 , when the opening of the first-level guide hole 311 on the left side of the floating base 3 contacts the jack assembly 21, the first elastic clip 6 contacts the second elastic clip 7. When the opening of the jack assembly 21 contacts the end face straight hole 314, the second elastic clip 7 pushes the first elastic clip 6 away from the edge 32. , the first elastic clip 6 and the edge 32 are released from the abutment state, then the floating base 3 is allowed to move toward the plug base 11. As the plug base 11 further moves toward the socket base 23, the floating base 3 also gradually moves toward the plug base 11. Since the relative positions of the twist needle 121 and the plug base 11 are fixed, the twist needle 121 can enter the jack assembly 21 along the guide hole 312 and the guide cone hole 313 until the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 are plugged into place. During the above process, the jack assembly 21 always maintains contact with the floating base 3, and the twist needle 121 can accurately enter the jack assembly 21.

[0096] As shown in Figures 13, 15, and 16, the floating base 3 is provided with an opening 321. The edge 32 is partially retained between opposing walls of the opening 321, with a portion of the edge 32 positioned outside the opening 321 and another portion positioned inside the opening 321. This allows the first elastic clip 6 to rest against the edge 32 in its natural state, but to deviate from the edge 32 and enter the opening 321 when subjected to an external force. The plug base 11 has a guide wall 8 spaced apart from the first elastic clip 6. The edge 32 and the first elastic clip 6 are positioned between the guide wall 8 and the opening 321. The second elastic clip 7 is adapted to move under the guidance of the guide wall 8 and push the first elastic clip 6 into the opening 321. During the process of the plug base 11 moving toward the socket base 23, the second elastic clip 7 can move to contact the first elastic clip 6 under the guidance of the guide wall 8, and the plug base 11 continues to move. The second elastic clip 7 pushes the first elastic clip 6 away from the edge 32 and toward the opening 321. Then the second elastic clip 7 continues to move toward the plug base 11, and the first elastic clip 6 extends into the opening 321. The first elastic clip 6 releases the pressure against the edge 32, and the floating base 3 can move toward the direction close to the plug base 11 so that the twist needle 121 can extend into the jack assembly 21. This arrangement is conducive to accommodating the first elastic clip 6, making the structure compact.

[0097] As shown in FIG17 , the guide wall 8 includes a first guide section 81, a second guide section 82, and a third guide section 83. One end of the second guide section 82 is connected to the third guide section 83, and the other end extends obliquely away from the first elastic clip 6 until it connects to the first guide section 81. The second elastic clip 7 is adapted to move toward the first elastic clip 17 under the guidance of the second guide section 82. During the movement of the plug base 11 toward the socket base 23, the second elastic clip 7 first enters between the first guide section 81 and the floating base 3, then moves into contact with the second guide section 82. Guided by the second guide section 82, the second elastic clip 7 moves toward the first elastic clip 6 until it contacts the first elastic clip 6. The second elastic clip 7 continues to move, pushing the first elastic clip 6 away from the edge 32 and toward the opening 321. The first elastic clip 6 then enters the opening 321, and the second elastic clip 7 enters the area between the third guide section 83 and the first elastic clip 6. The first guiding section 81 , the second guiding section 82 and the third guiding section 83 can ensure that the second elastic clamp 7 can smoothly push the first elastic clamp 6 into the opening 321 , thereby achieving precise plug-in fit.

[0098] As shown in Figures 17, 20 and 21, the bottom of the edge 32 has a first inclined surface 322 that is parallel to the surface of the second guide section 82. The end of the second elastic clamp 7 has a second inclined surface 71 and a third inclined surface 72 that are arranged opposite to each other. The second inclined surface 71 contacts and cooperates with the surface of the second guide section 82, and the third inclined surface 72 contacts and cooperates with the first inclined surface 322. With this arrangement, when the second elastic clamp 7 enters between the second guide section 82 and the first inclined surface 322, the second inclined surface 71 contacts and slides with the surface of the second guide section 82, and the third inclined surface 72 contacts and slides with the first inclined surface 322, so that the second elastic clamp 7 can move toward the direction of the first elastic clamp 6 under the common limitation of the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82.

[0099] Specifically, the second inclined surface 71 can be a convex arc surface. This is because when the second elastic clip 7 moves to contact with the first elastic clip 6, the second inclined surface 71 will swing relative to the second guide section 82. Compared with surface-to-surface contact, point-to-surface contact is more conducive to the second elastic clip 7 to swing and move smoothly to contact with the first elastic clip 6.

[0100] As shown in Figures 17, 21, and 22, a first flat surface 73 is defined between the second inclined surface 71 and the third inclined surface 72, and the first elastic clip 6 has a second flat surface 61 facing the guide wall 8. When the second elastic clip 7 and the first elastic clip 6 come into contact, the first flat surface 73 and the second flat surface 61 preferentially contact each other. As the second elastic clip 7 continues to move along the second guide section 82, the first flat surface 73 presses the second flat surface 61 toward the opening 321, forcing the first elastic clip 6 to leave the edge 32 and prepare to enter the opening 321.

[0101] As shown in Figures 17 and 18 , the projections of the first elastic clip 6, the second elastic clip 7, and the edge 32 in the insertion direction overlap. The first elastic clip 6 is provided with a third flat surface adapted to abut against the edge 32. The third flat surface 62 abuts against the edge 32, thereby maintaining the floating base 3 in its predetermined position. During the insertion process, the second elastic clip 7 first contacts the edge 32 and undergoes elastic deformation away from the edge 32. It then slides against the edge 32 via the first flat surface 73 until it enters between the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82, entering the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82. Under the action of the restoring force and guided by the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82, the first flat surface 73 gradually moves until it contacts the second flat surface 61, forcing the third flat surface 62 away from the edge 32, thereby releasing the abutment against the floating base 3. During this process, the first elastic clamp 6 also undergoes elastic deformation. After the plug base 11 is subsequently pulled out of the socket base 23, the first elastic clamp 6 moves out of the opening 321 and can rely on its own elastic force to restore to the third plane 62 and press against the edge 32.

[0102] As shown in Figures 17, 18, and 19, a fourth inclined surface 74 is provided between the first flat surface 73 and the second inclined surface 71. A fifth inclined surface 323 is provided at the top of the edge 32 to guide and cooperate with the fourth inclined surface 74. A fourth flat surface 324 is provided between the fifth inclined surface 323 and the first inclined surface 322. During the insertion process, the fourth inclined surface 74 slides in conjunction with the fifth inclined surface 323, and the first flat surface 73 slides in conjunction with the fourth flat surface 324, causing the second elastic clip 7 to deform relative to the edge 32 and slide until it extends between the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82.

[0103] As shown in Figures 17, 18 and 19, a sixth inclined surface 63 is provided between the second plane 61 and the third plane 62, and a seventh inclined surface 325 is provided at the bottom of the edge 32 to guide and cooperate with the sixth inclined surface 63. After the third plane 62 of the first elastic clip 6 moves to leave the bottom of the edge 32, the sixth inclined surface 63 slides and cooperates with the seventh inclined surface 325, so that the first elastic clip 6 smoothly enters the opening 321.

[0104] An eighth bevel 64 is provided on the edge of the second flat surface 61 opposite the sixth bevel 63. A ninth bevel 326 is provided at the top of the edge 32, guiding and engaging with the eighth bevel 64. As the first elastic clip 6 continues to move along the opening 321, the second flat surface 61 slides against the edge 32 due to its tendency to swing toward the edge 32. When the eighth bevel 64 moves to align with the ninth bevel 326, the eighth bevel 64 slides along the ninth bevel 326, allowing the first elastic clip 6 to return to its natural state. This prevents internal material stress in the first elastic clip 6 and ensures that, after exiting the opening 231, the first elastic clip 6 can swing naturally to abut against the surface of the edge 32 facing the plug base 11.

[0105] For the same reason, there is a gap between the third guide section 83 and the first elastic clip 6 , which allows the second elastic clip 7 to extend into and return to a natural state, thereby preventing the second elastic clip 7 from failing.

[0106] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, a fifth plane 327 is provided between the fifth inclined surface 323 and the ninth inclined surface 326. The angle between the fifth plane 327 and the ninth inclined surface 236 is acute. Because the movement path of the second elastic clamp 7 is close to the opening 321, the fifth plane 327 ensures that the second elastic clamp 7 swings only away from the opening 321, preventing the second elastic clamp 7 from accidentally entering the opening 321.

[0107] The above is the structure and matching method of the first elastic card 6 and the second elastic card 7. In order to more clearly describe the plug-in process, the matching relationship between the first elastic card 6 and the second elastic card 7 during the insertion of the plug base 11 into the socket base 23 is described in detail with reference to Figures 17 to 24.

[0108] As shown in FIG17 , before the plug base 11 is inserted into the socket base 23 , the third plane 62 of the first elastic clip 6 abuts against the edge 32 , keeping the floating base 3 in a predetermined position. In this state, the first elastic clip 6 and the second elastic clip 7 both maintain a natural state.

[0109] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, when the plug base 11 is inserted into the socket base 23, the second elastic clip 7 first contacts the edge 32. Specifically, the fourth inclined surface 74 of the second elastic clip 7 slides with the fifth inclined surface 323 of the edge 32, causing the second elastic clip 7 to deform relative to the edge 32 and swing toward the second guide section 82. During this process, the fifth flat surface 327 can prevent the second elastic clip 7 from entering the opening 321. Of course, there can also be a certain gap between the projection of the second elastic clip 7 and the opening 321 in the plugging direction. There is a certain distance between the first flat surface 73 of the second elastic clip 7 and the opening 321. By reasonably designing the structural dimensions, the second elastic clip 7 can be prevented from accidentally entering the opening 321 during the plugging process.

[0110] As shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 , the plug base 11 continues to move toward the socket base 23 , the second elastic clamp 7 is deformed, and after the fourth inclined surface 74 leaves the fifth inclined surface 323 , the first plane 73 slides along the fourth plane 324 .

[0111] As shown in Figures 19 and 20, the plug base 11 continues to move toward the socket base 23. After the first plane 73 leaves the fourth plane 324, the second inclined surface 71 contacts and cooperates with the surface of the second guide section 82, and the third inclined surface 72 contacts and cooperates with the first inclined surface 322.

[0112] As shown in Figures 20 and 21, the plug base 11 continues to move toward the receptacle base 23. The second inclined surface 71 contacts and slides against the surface of the second guide section 82, and the third inclined surface 72 contacts and slides against the first inclined surface 322. This allows the second elastic clamp 7 to move toward the first elastic clamp 6 under the joint restraint of the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82. During this process, the second elastic clamp 7, under the action of the restoring force and guided by the first inclined surface 322 and the second guide section 82, can accurately move to contact the first elastic clamp 6. During this process, as shown in Figure 11, the opening of the primary guide hole 311 on the left side of the floating base 3 contacts the jack assembly 21.

[0113] As shown in Figures 21 and 22, the plug base 11 continues to move toward the receptacle base 23. The first flat surface 73 gradually moves into contact with the second flat surface 61, pushing the third flat surface 62 away from the edge 32, and the sixth inclined surface 63 engages with the seventh inclined surface 325. During this process, the second elastic clamp 7 slides into engagement with the third guide section 83. Simultaneously, the receptacle assembly 21 of the receptacle base 23 and the primary guide hole 311 of the floating base 3 are aligned. Specifically, as shown in Figure 11, the opening of the receptacle assembly 21 contacts the end surface straight hole 314.

[0114] As shown in Figures 22 and 23, the plug base 11 continues to move toward the receptacle base 23. The second elastic clip 7 and the edge 32 simultaneously move into the gap between the third guide section 83 and the first elastic clip 6, and the second elastic clip 7 returns to its natural position. The second flat surface 61 of the first elastic clip 6 slides along the edge 32 at the wall of the opening 321 until the eighth inclined surface 64 contacts and engages with the ninth inclined surface 326. Simultaneously, the twist needle 121 gradually enters the jack assembly 21 through the guide tapered hole 313.

[0115] As shown in Figures 23 and 24, the plug base 11 continues to move toward the socket base 23, the second elastic clamp 7 and the edge 32 move into place, and the eighth inclined surface 64 slides relative to the ninth inclined surface 326 until the first elastic clamp 6 returns to its natural state, thus completing the entire insertion process between the plug base 11 and the socket base 23. At the same time, the twist needle 121 is inserted into the jack assembly 21.

[0116] When the plug base 11 is removed from the socket base 23, the first elastic clip 6, the second elastic clip 7, and the edge 32 engage and reset in the reverse of the above process. It should be noted that when the plug base 11 moves away from the socket base 23, the third inclined surface 72 of the second elastic clip 7 tightly engages with the first inclined surface 322 of the edge 32, driving the edge 32 away from the plug base 11. The ninth inclined surface 326 of the edge 32 pushes the eighth inclined surface 64 of the first elastic clip 6, causing the first elastic clip 6 to enter the opening 321. After leaving the opening 321, the first elastic clip 6 swings under the action of the elastic force until the third flat surface 62 abuts against the edge 32, facilitating the next plug-in connection. During this process, as shown in Figures 17 and 24, the second elastic clip 7 has a vertical wall 75 that slides face-to-face with the third guide section 83. Since the third guide section 83 can ensure that the third inclined surface 72 of the second elastic clip 7 is always tightly fitted with the first inclined surface 322 of the edge 32 by limiting the vertical wall 75, it ensures that the second elastic clip 7 does not deform and ensures that the second elastic clip 7 drives the floating base 3 to move away from the plug base 11 until the first elastic clip 6 leaves the opening 321 and the first elastic clip 6 moves to the top of the edge 32 under the action of its own elastic force.

[0117] During implementation, the first elastic clip 6 and the second elastic clip 7 can be made of elastic metal material and fixed as inserts on the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 respectively through a punching process. That is, the metal parts are positioned inside the plastic molding cavity, and the plastic molding process is completed together, so that the metal parts are embedded and fixed inside the plastic parts and are completely positioned, thereby achieving integration.

[0118] As shown in Figures 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the electrical connector also includes a locking mechanism 4 that locks the plug 1 and receptacle 2 when they are inserted together via the floating base 3. To facilitate installation, mounting holes for the locking mechanism 4 are provided on the plug base 11, the receptacle base 23, and on both sides of the floating base 3. The provision of the locking mechanism 4 improves the stability of the connection between the plug 1 and the receptacle 2, ensuring the electrical connector's shock resistance during operation.

[0119] As shown in Figures 2, 6, 7 and 8, when the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21 are connected to the wire, the locking mechanism 4 includes a fork sleeve 41 installed on the socket base 23 / plug base 11 and a guide sleeve 42 installed on the plug base 11 / socket base 23; a screw 43 is slidably assembled in the guide sleeve 42, and the part of the screw 43 located in the guide sleeve 42 is configured as a sleeve with an internal thread; the two arc-shaped blocks 411 of the fork sleeve 41 and the two arc-shaped blocks 411 of the guide sleeve 42 are mated and assembled into a circle; after the plug 1 and the socket 2 are inserted into place, a screw 44 passing through the fork sleeve 41 is used to lock the screw 43, and the screw 43 is locked to the plug base 11 / socket base 23 by the nut 45.

[0120] When the floating base 3 is slidably mounted on the plug 1 , the fork sleeve 41 is preferably mounted on the socket base 23 . The working principles of the various components described later in this solution will also be explained based on this preferred approach.

[0121] When the plug 1 and the socket 2 are plugged in, the fork sleeve 41 and the guide sleeve 42 come into contact first, and can play a preliminary guiding role through the arc block 411, so that the plug 1 and the socket 2 can move on the same horizontal plane, so that the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21 can be relatively accurately aligned with the guide hole 31 on the floating base 3; the screw 44 in the fork sleeve 41 and the screw 43 entering the guide sleeve 42 cooperate with each other, and the plugged in and out plug 1 and socket 2 can be locked to achieve the stability of the connection between the two, so as to ensure the reliable transmission of electricity or signals.

[0122] The floating base 3 is slidably mounted on the guide sleeve 42, and the guide sleeve 42 is provided with an anti-fall-off boss 421 to limit the floating base 3 from falling off; the fork sleeve 41 is provided with a stopper 412 that cooperates with the floating base 3, and moves the floating base 3 toward the plug base 11 / socket base 23 under the thrust.

[0123] In this solution, the two arc blocks 411 are set on the fork sleeve 41 and the guide sleeve 42. Due to the notch 413 between them, the arc blocks 411 can move towards the center under the action of external force, and can automatically return to their original position after the external force is removed. This makes it easier for the fork sleeve 41 and the guide sleeve 42 to quickly enter the mounting hole on the floating base 3.

[0124] In this solution, the floating base 3 is set on the guide sleeve 42, so that the plug 1, the socket 2 and the floating base 3 can only move in the length direction of the guide sleeve 42 when plugged in, ensuring the accurate alignment of the three when plugged in; the anti-slip boss 421 can confine the floating base 3 on the guide sleeve 42, so that there is no need to adjust the alignment of the floating base 3 and the plug 1 and the socket 2 when plugging in.

[0125] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a locking mechanism 4 is mounted on both sides of the socket base 23 and the plug base 11. The notch 413 between the two curved pieces 411 of one guide sleeve 42 is oriented perpendicularly to the notch 413 between the two curved pieces 411 of the other guide sleeve 42. This orientation prevents reverse insertion of the socket 2 or plug 1, completely defining the unique correspondence between each pin assembly 12 and each socket assembly 21, thus preventing incorrect connections.

[0126] As shown in Figure 9, when the pin assembly 12 and the socket assembly 21 are connected to solder pins extending through the printed circuit board, the locking mechanism 4 includes mounting holes defined in the plug base 11 and the socket base 23, and threaded connectors that engage the mounting holes to secure the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 to the printed circuit board. When the electrical connector is used on a circuit (printed) board 5, both locking mechanisms 4 described in this embodiment can be present simultaneously.

[0127] As mentioned above, when the above-mentioned locking mechanism 4 does not exist, the sliding installation here can be achieved by setting a guide rod on the socket base 233 and sliding the floating base on the guide rod. This solution proposes another structure for guiding and locking the plug base 11 and the floating base 3.

[0128] As shown in Figures 12, 13 and 15, the plug base 11 is provided with a first limiting hole 111, the floating base 3 is provided with a second limiting hole 328, and the socket base 23 is provided with a third limiting hole 25. The first limiting hole 111, the second limiting hole 328 and the third limiting hole 25 are concentrically arranged, and the guide column 91 passes through the second limiting hole 328 and the first limiting hole 111 in sequence and is fixed on the plug base 11. When the plug base 11 moves toward the socket base 23 and is in position, the guide column 91 can extend into the third limiting hole 25. When the socket base 23 contacts the floating base 3, the floating base 3 can move relative to the plug base 11 under the guidance of the guide column 91.

[0129] As shown in Figures 13 and 15, during implementation, the guide column 91 includes a first guide section 911, a second guide section 912 and a third guide section 913 with successively larger diameters. The aperture of the first limiting hole 111 is adapted to the diameter of the first guide section 911, the aperture of the second limiting hole 328 is adapted to the diameter of the second guide section 912, and the aperture of the third limiting hole 25 is adapted to the diameter of the third guide section 913. Then, after the first guide section 911 is inserted into the first limiting hole 111 and is in place, the second guide section 912 cannot move further, and the floating base 3 slides with the second guide section 912 through the second limiting hole 328. The third guide section 913 can limit the floating base 3.

[0130] Specifically, as shown in Figure 25 , due to the different diameters of the first guide segment 911 and the second guide segment 912, a first step 914 is formed between the first guide segment 911 and the second guide segment 912. The first step 914 abuts against the side of the plug base 11 facing the floating base 3, thereby preventing the second guide segment 912 from further extending into the first limiting hole 111. Due to the different diameters of the second guide segment 912 and the third guide segment 913, a second step 915 is formed between the second guide segment 912 and the third guide segment 913. The second step 915 abuts against the side of the floating base 3 facing the socket base 23, thereby preventing the floating base 3 from sliding along the third guide segment 913 and ensuring that the floating base 3 can only slide along the second guide segment 912. In combination with the first elastic clip 6 mentioned above, when the first elastic clip 6 presses against the edge 32 of the floating base 3 facing the surface of the plug base 11, the first elastic clip 6 and the second step 915 jointly maintain the floating base 3 in a predetermined position to ensure that the floating base 3 can be accurately aligned with the jack assembly 21, and to ensure that the twist needle 121 can be accurately inserted into the jack assembly 21.

[0131] As shown in Figures 12, 14, and 15, during implementation, the first guide segment 911 is provided with external threads. The portion of the first guide segment 911 that passes through the first limiting hole 111 is secured to the plug base 11 via a first nut 921, thereby enabling the floating base 3 to move relative to the plug base 11 along the second guide segment 912. The third guide segment 913 is provided with external threads. The third guide segment 913 passes through the third limiting hole 25 and is secured to the socket base 23 via a second nut 922, thereby completing the insertion and fixation of the plug base 11, floating base 3, and socket base 23. A gasket may be provided between the first nut 921 and the plug base 11, and between the second nut 922 and the socket base 23 to ensure stable fixation.

[0132] As shown in Figures 12, 14, and 15, the end of the first guide segment 911 has a guiding chamfer, which facilitates the first guide segment 911 to pass through the floating base 3 and the plug base 11 in sequence, and facilitates the subsequent alignment of the first nut 921 with the external thread of the first guide segment 911. The end of the third guide segment 913 is also provided with a guiding chamfer, which facilitates the third guide segment 913 to extend into and pass through the third limiting hole 25, and facilitates the subsequent alignment of the second nut 922 with the external thread of the third guide segment 913.

[0133] As shown in Figures 12, 14 and 15, during implementation, first limiting holes 111 are provided on both sides of the plug base 11, second limiting holes 328 are provided on both sides of the floating base 3, and third limiting holes 25 are provided on both sides of the socket base 23. The first limiting holes 111, the second limiting holes 328 and the third limiting holes 25 on the same side are concentrically arranged, and the two first limiting holes 111 on different sides have different apertures, the two second limiting holes 328 on different sides have different apertures, and the two third limiting holes 25 on different sides have different apertures. Correspondingly, the two guide columns 91 are respectively plugged into and matched with the first limiting holes 111, the second limiting holes 328 and the third limiting holes 25 on both sides. The diameters of the two guide columns 91 are different. Such an arrangement can avoid the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 from being accidentally plugged into each other.

[0134] Specifically, as shown in Figures 12 and 15, the diameters of the first limiting hole 111, the second limiting hole 328 and the third limiting hole 25 on one side are all smaller than the diameters of the corresponding first limiting hole 111, the second limiting hole 328 and the third limiting hole 25 on the other side. The diameter of one guide column 91 is smaller than the diameter of the other guide column 91. Then, correct alignment and plugging can be achieved through the guide column 91 and the corresponding first limiting hole 111, the second limiting hole 328 and the third limiting hole 25. If the plugging direction is opposite, the plug base 11 cannot be further plugged into the socket base 23, thereby ensuring that the twist needle 121 and the jack assembly 21 are plugged in with the correct alignment relationship.

[0135] Similarly, the specifications of the two first nuts 921 are different, and the specifications of the two second nuts 922 are also different.

[0136] During implementation, both the first nut 921 and the second nut 922 are provided with external threads, and the first nut 921 and the second nut 922 can be secured to the printed circuit board via the third and fourth nuts, respectively. For example, after the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 are fully engaged, the first nut 921 can be inserted into the corresponding through-hole of the printed circuit board. The plug base 11 is then secured to the printed circuit board by the internal threads of the third nut and the external threads of the first nut 921. The second nut 922 is then inserted into the corresponding through-hole of the printed circuit board. The socket base 23 is then secured to the printed circuit board by the internal threads of the fourth nut and the external threads of the second nut 922. The internal and external threads of the first and second nuts 921, 922 rotate in opposite directions, preventing the third and fourth nuts from loosening the first and second nuts 921, 922. Even if slight rotation of the first and second nuts 921, 922 is unavoidable, the third and fourth nuts can still press the plug base 11 toward the socket base 23.

[0137] In another embodiment, the third nut and the fourth nut are not required. After the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 are fitted into place, the guide posts 91 extending from both ends of the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 are respectively inserted into the corresponding through holes of the printed plate. Then, the first nut 921 and the second nut 922 are respectively tightened on the corresponding ends of the guide posts 91 to fix the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 to the printed plate, and at the same time, the plug base 11 can be pressed toward the socket base 23.

[0138] When this technology is used for the electrical connection of two parallel printed circuit boards, the pin assembly 12 can be made into a double twisted pin structure, which can be directly plugged into the connection holes of the two printed circuit boards. Since the plug-in principle is the same, it will not be repeated here, but this structure is also protected by this technology.

[0139] As shown in Figures 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30, the present solution also provides a rectangular board-to-board shielding structure. In addition to the electrical connector mentioned above, the plug housing 13 is a plug shielding shell, the socket housing 22 is a socket shielding shell, and also includes a shielding structure.

[0140] The shielding structure includes a connecting sleeve 101 arranged between the third limiting hole 25 of the socket base 23 and the guide column 91. The connecting sleeve 101 is made of elastic material. The connecting sleeve 101 includes a plurality of straight arms 1011 arranged at intervals. Straight grooves 1012 are formed between the plurality of straight arms 1011. Limiting bosses 1013 are arranged at the ends of the plurality of straight arms 1011. A limiting stop 1014 is provided at one end of the third limiting hole 25 facing the floating base 3. The connecting sleeve 101 can be inserted into the third limiting hole 25 at the end facing away from the floating base 3. Due to the provision of multiple straight grooves 1012, the multiple straight arms 1011 converge when inserted, allowing the limiting boss 1013 to smoothly enter the third limiting hole 25. After the connecting sleeve 101 is inserted into place, the multiple straight arms 1011 move away from each other due to their own elasticity, causing the limiting boss 1013 to abut against the limiting stop 1014, thereby preventing the connecting sleeve 101 from being dislodged from the third limiting hole 25. After the connecting sleeve 101 is fixedly connected to the socket base 23 and the socket housing 22, when the socket connected by the connecting sleeve is mated with the plug via the guide post 91, the outer diameter of the guide post fits the inner hole of the connecting sleeve, preventing the connecting sleeve from shrinking and falling off. The plug housing 13 and the socket housing 22 cooperate with the connecting sleeve 101 to prevent shielding leakage.

[0141] The limiting boss 1013 is provided with a chamfer 1015 so that the limiting boss 1013 can be smoothly pressed into the third limiting hole 25 .

[0142] The shielding structure includes an annular groove 221 provided on the receptacle housing 22, and a conductive ring 102 disposed within the groove. The conductive ring is hollow, elastic, and conductive. When the receptacle housing 22 is mated with the plug housing 13, the conductive ring 102 is compressed by the inner wall of the plug housing 13. Due to its inherent elasticity, the conductive ring 102 maintains a full-circumference press fit within the inner cavity of the plug housing 13, achieving 360-degree shielding and continuous grounding for the electrical connector. In practice, the outer wall of the plug housing 13 forms a guide wall 8, with the first guide segment 81 of the guide wall 8 compressing the conductive ring 102.

[0143] During implementation, grounding rings are provided at opposite ends of the plug housing 13 and the socket housing 22. After the plug housing 13 and the socket housing 22 are fixedly mounted to the printed circuit board, the grounding rings mate with the annular grounding plates of the printed circuit board, achieving 360-degree continuous shielding grounding between the electrical connector shielding shell and the printed circuit board. Simultaneously, the two outer shell holes of the plug housing 13 achieve continuous shielding grounding through a precise sliding gap with the guide post 91, preventing shield leakage. The two outer shell holes of the socket housing 22 achieve continuous shielding grounding through a precise sliding gap with the connecting sleeve 101 and the guide post 91, preventing shield leakage. Through these means, 360-degree continuous shielding grounding is achieved from one printed circuit board at the plug to another printed circuit board at the socket.

[0144] When a grounding ring is not provided, a wire-outlet shielding structure can also be used. As shown in FIG31 , both the plug housing 13 and the socket housing 22 are provided with a wire-outlet structure. Taking the socket housing 22 as an example, the structure includes a wire-outlet cavity 1031, a contraction cavity 1032, a sheath fixing groove 1033, a shielding mesh clamping section 1034, and a wire-through hole 1035. The wires are connected from the socket base 23 and pass through the wire-outlet cavity 1031, contraction cavity 1032, sheath fixing groove 1033, and shielding mesh clamping section 1034, from large to small, to the circular wire-through hole 1035. FIG32 shows the structure of a cable 1036. The central portion of the cable 1036 is composed of multiple single-core wires 1037, each with an insulation layer. The overall shape of the cable 1036 is circular, and the outer portion is a circular shielding mesh 1038 of a certain thickness. The outer portion of the circular shielding mesh 1038 is an insulating sheath 1039, which contains some filler, which is ignored here. The size of the wire hole 1035 is close to or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the circular shielding net 1038 of the cable 1036, and is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed straight slots. After all the wires pass through the wire hole 1035 and are all connected to the electrical connector contacts, the circular shielding net 1038 is completely placed inside the wire hole 1035. The shielding net clamping section 1034 is provided with a plurality of straight slots. The wire hole 1035 is formed in the middle of the shielding net clamping section 1034. The wire hole 1035 can shrink freely and can be tightened with a metal cable tie. The insulating sheath 1039 is fixed to the sheath fixing groove 1033 with a cable tie (to achieve a reliable fixed connection between the cable and the electrical connector). The outlet structure of the plug and the socket is the same. Through the above structure and assembly process, 360° shielding continuity of the plug cable shielding net, the plug housing 13, the conductive ring 102, the socket housing 22 and the socket cable shielding net is achieved.

[0145] When both the plug and the receptacle are configured for outgoing wires, they can be mated and secured with a first nut 921. In practice, the plug housing 13, plug base 11, receptacle housing 22, receptacle base 23, and floating base 3 can be rectangular as shown in FIG31 or circular as shown in FIG33. FIG29 illustrates a rectangular board-to-board shielding structure, while FIG33 illustrates a circular outgoing wire shielding structure. The mating arrangement and shielding structure of the plug housing 13, plug base 11, receptacle housing 22, receptacle base 23, and floating base 3 are identical to those described above and are not further described here.

[0146] As shown in Figures 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37, when the plug housing 13, plug base 11, receptacle housing 22, receptacle base 23, and floating base 3 are circular, the annular groove 221 is a circular groove, and the shape of the conductive ring 102 is adapted to the circular groove. Because the circular structure results in a short spacing between the two guide posts 91, which is not conducive to the contact wires in the electrical connector extending out of the wire hole 1035, the wire outlet cavity 1031 can be a special-shaped cavity, with the opposite ends of the wire outlet cavity 1031 extending a certain distance away from the wire hole 1035, forming two fan-shaped spaces at both ends of the wire outlet cavity 1031, thereby covering the wire outlet position on the plug base 11 or receptacle base 23, and facilitating the wires to bend in the wire outlet cavity 1031 and extend out of the wire hole 1035.

[0147] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for assembling an electrical connector, comprising the steps of:

[0148] The pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly 21 are assembled in the plug base 11 and the socket base 23 respectively, and the pin assembly 12 is loosely matched with the plug base 11; and the jack assembly 21 is loosely matched with the socket base 23.

[0149] Slidingly install the floating base 3 on the plug base 11 or the socket base 23 and abut against the positioning structure, and insert the pin assembly 12 or the socket assembly 21 into the guide hole 31 of the floating base 3;

[0150] When the socket base 23 contacts the floating base 3 , it moves with the floating base 3 toward the plug base 11 until the plug 1 assembly and the socket 2 assembly are mated.

[0151] The following describes in detail the plugging and unplugging process of the electrical connector of this solution with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0152] Principle of plugging and engaging; the two fork sleeves 41 are aligned (to prevent left and right reverse insertion) and are inserted into the two mounting holes of the floating base 3 by their own elastic contraction. After they are in place, they pop up to complete the initial positioning and guiding, and the two guide sleeves 42 cover the mounting holes of the floating base 3 (each occupying half of the circumference). Because the holes of the jack assembly 21 and the socket base 23 are clearance-matched, the jack assembly 21 enters the primary guide hole 311 at the end of the floating base 3 when the fork sleeve 41 is fully in place in the two mounting holes of the floating base 3 and pops up; continue to insert the socket 2 or plug 1 (relative movement), and under the action of the friction between the positioning ramp 414 (Figure 8) at the front of the two claws (two arc-shaped blocks 411) of the fork sleeve 41, the twist needle 121 and the guide hole 312 of the floating base 3, the mouth of the jack assembly 21 is always Maintaining the bottom position of the primary guide hole 311, the stop 412 of the fork sleeve 41 (Figure 8) pushes the floating base 3 toward the plug base 11, and the needle tip of the twist needle 121 slides into the guide tapered hole 313 of the floating base 3 (Figure 11). Even if the needle tip of the twist needle 121 is completely against the wall, it will not affect the needle tip's insertion into the guide tapered hole 313 of the floating base 3 and its end face straight hole 314 (the connecting section where the primary guide hole 311 and the guide tapered hole 313 transition) (Figure 11), nor will it affect the needle tip's insertion into the hole of the jack assembly 21. This is because the jack assembly 21 opening is now located on the other side of the end face straight hole 314, and the flared chamfer of the jack assembly 21 opening can accommodate the center offset (tolerance, clearance, and machining error) between the jack assembly 21 and the end face straight hole 314. Screw the two screws 44 into the threaded holes of the screw rod 43 to complete the plug-in connection between the plug 1 and the socket 2.

[0153] During mating, the electrical connector's mating connection function is fully complete, fully accommodating the uncertainty in the shape and position of the twist pins 121, and eliminating the pin collapse defect of prior art products during mating. This solution can fully ensure that all twist pins 121 can be smoothly inserted into the holes of the jack assembly 21 by adjusting the size of the end face straight hole 314, the size and slope of the flare of the jack assembly 21, the slope of the guide tapered hole 313, or improving the concentricity of the end face straight hole 314 and the guide tapered hole 313.

[0154] The principle of separation is to completely unscrew the two screws 44, pull apart the socket 2 or plug 1. Because the outer diameter of the screw 43 limits the retraction space of the two curved blocks 411 of the fork sleeve 41, the positioning ramp 414 of the fork sleeve 41 ensures that the floating base 3 is pulled out until the two holes of the floating base 3 pass over the positioning ramp 414 of the guide sleeve 42 and approach the starting position before plug connection. Once the floating base 3 is in place, it is blocked by the stop 421 of the guide sleeve 42. The two claws of the fork sleeve 41 retract via the positioning ramp 414 and completely withdraw from the two mounting holes of the floating base 3, completing the separation of the plug 1 and the socket 2, and simultaneously realizing the linkage of the floating base 3. During this process, the twist needle 121 uses its own rear curved segment to retract through the end face straight hole 314 (Figure 11) to its initial position before plug connection.

[0155] To sum up, the plug 1 and socket 2 of the electrical connector of this scheme do not need multiple glue sealing to stably fix the pin assembly 12 and the jack assembly in the corresponding base; the plug 1 and socket 2 are plugged together through the floating base 3, and there is no need to align the twisted pin 121.

Claims

1. An electrical connector, comprising a plug and a socket, wherein the plug comprises a plug base and a pin assembly assembled inside the plug base, and the socket comprises a socket base and a jack assembly assembled inside the socket base; characterized in that: It also includes a floating base, the pin assembly includes a sleeve and a twisted pin crimped with the sleeve, and the twisted pin is located inside the floating base; the floating base is slidably matched with the plug or the socket, and the floating base is provided with a guide hole for guiding the pin assembly and the socket assembly; the positioning structure includes a first elastic clip arranged on the plug base and a second elastic clip arranged on the socket base, the first elastic clip is suitable for abutting against an edge of the floating base facing the socket base, and the second elastic clip is suitable for pushing the first elastic clip away from the edge when the plug base moves into position toward the socket base.

2. The electrical connector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide hole includes a primary guide hole arranged at both ends of the floating base for guiding the pin assembly and the jack assembly to enter the floating base, and the end diameter of the primary guide hole guiding the jack assembly is larger than the diameter of the jack assembly; the two primary guide holes are connected through the guide hole, and one end of the guide hole adjacent to the jack assembly is arranged as a guide cone hole for correcting the pin assembly.

3. The electrical connector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the jack assembly is provided with an annular barb that limits the backward movement of the jack assembly when the plug and socket are inserted into each other, and an annular boss that limits the jack assembly from separating from the socket base when the plug and socket are separated; a limit platform that cooperates with the annular barb and the annular boss is provided in the through hole in the socket base where the jack assembly is installed; the jack assembly is clearance-matched with the socket base.

4. The electrical connector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the sleeve is provided with an annular barb for limiting the backward movement of the pin assembly when the plug and socket are inserted, and an annular boss for limiting the pin assembly from separating from the plug base when the plug and socket are separated; a limit platform cooperating with the annular barb and the annular boss is provided in the through hole for mounting the pin assembly inside the plug base.

5. The electrical connector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model also comprises a locking mechanism for locking the plug and the socket which are inserted into each other through the floating base.

6. The electrical connector according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the pin assembly and the jack assembly are connected to the wire, the locking mechanism includes a fork sleeve installed on the socket base / plug base and a guide sleeve installed on the plug base / socket base; a screw is slidably assembled in the guide sleeve, and the part of the screw located in the guide sleeve is configured as a sleeve with an internal thread; the two arc blocks of the fork sleeve are plugged into the two arc blocks of the guide sleeve to form a circle; after the plug and the socket are plugged into place, the screw passing through the fork sleeve is used to lock the screw, and the screw is locked to the plug base / socket base through a nut.

7. The electrical connector according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the floating base is slidably sleeved on the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve is provided with an anti-dropping boss for limiting the floating base from falling off; the fork sleeve is provided with a stopper for cooperating with the floating base and moving the floating base toward the plug base / socket base under thrust; a positioning ramp is provided at the end of the fork sleeve, and the thickness of the positioning ramp gradually increases from the end to the stopper.

8. The electrical connector according to claim 6, characterized in that: A locking mechanism is installed on both sides of the socket base and the plug base, and the direction of the notch between the two arc blocks of one guide sleeve is perpendicular to the direction of the notch between the two arc blocks of the other guide sleeve.

9. The electrical connector according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the pin assembly and the socket assembly are connected to the solder pins passing through the printed circuit board, the locking mechanism includes a mounting hole opened on the plug base and the socket base and a threaded connector that cooperates with the mounting hole to fix the plug base and the socket base on the printed circuit board.

10. The electrical connector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating base is provided with an opening, and the edge portion is retained between the walls opposite to the opening; the plug base has a guide wall spaced apart from the first elastic card, the edge and the first elastic card are located between the guide wall and the opening, and the second elastic card is suitable for moving under the guidance of the guide wall and pushing the first elastic card into the opening.

11. The electrical connector according to claim 10, characterized in that: The guide wall includes a first guide section, a second guide section and a third guide section, one end of the second guide section is connected to the third guide section, and the other end extends obliquely in a direction away from the first elastic clip to connect with the first guide section, and the second elastic clip is suitable for moving in a direction close to the first elastic clip under the guidance of the second guide section.

12. The electrical connector according to claim 11, characterized in that: The bottom of the edge has a first slope parallel to the surface of the second guide section, and the end of the second elastic clip has a second slope and a third slope oppositely arranged, the second slope is in contact with the surface of the second guide section, and the third slope is in contact with the first slope.

13. The electrical connector according to claim 12, characterized in that: A first plane is defined between the second inclined surface and the third inclined surface, and the first elastic clamp has a second plane facing the guide wall.

14. The electrical connector according to claim 13, characterized in that: The projections of the first elastic clamp, the second elastic clamp and the edge in the plugging direction overlap; the first elastic clamp is provided with a third plane suitable for abutting against the edge.

15. The electrical connector according to claim 14, characterized in that: A fourth inclined surface is provided between the first plane and the second inclined surface, a fifth inclined surface is provided at the top of the edge to cooperate with the fourth inclined surface for guidance, and a fourth plane is provided between the fifth inclined surface and the first inclined surface.

16. The electrical connector according to claim 15, characterized in that: A sixth slope is arranged between the second plane and the third plane, and a seventh slope is arranged at the bottom of the edge to cooperate with the sixth slope; an eighth slope is arranged at the edge of the second plane opposite to the sixth slope, and a ninth slope is arranged at the top of the edge to cooperate with the eighth slope.

17. The electrical connector according to claim 16, characterized in that: A fifth plane is disposed between the fifth inclined surface and the ninth inclined surface, and an angle between the fifth plane and the ninth inclined surface is an acute angle.

18. An assembly method of an electrical connector, applied to the electrical connector according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: Includes steps: Assemble the pin assembly and the socket assembly in the plug base and the socket base respectively, and make the pin assembly and the plug base have clearance fit, and make the socket assembly and the socket base have clearance fit; Slidingly install the floating base on the plug base or the socket base and abutting against the positioning structure, and inserting the pin assembly and the socket assembly into the guide hole of the floating base; When the socket base contacts the floating base, the floating base is moved toward the plug base until the plug and the socket are mated.

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