Battery pack and vehicle including same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery pack including: a plurality of battery modules each including a plurality of battery cells; cooling pipe assemblies for supplying a cooling medium to respective battery modules; and a plurality of insertion ports each connecting a battery module to a cooling pipe assembly, wherein each cooling pipe assembly has a communication hole to communicate with an insertion port, a communication hole being provided for every insertion port, and the communication holes have differential cross-sectional areas such that the amount of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules through the communication hole becomes equal.

Description

Battery pack and vehicle containing it

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a battery pack and a vehicle capable of evenly distributing the flow rate of a cooling medium flowing into a battery module.

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0077599, filed on June 16, 2023, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of the said application are incorporated by reference into this application.

[0003] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0018004, filed on February 6, 2024, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of the said application are incorporated by reference into this application.

[0004] Secondary batteries, which boast high electrical properties such as high energy density and easy applicability across a wide range of product categories, are widely used not only in portable devices but also in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) powered by electrical power sources. These batteries are attracting attention as a new energy source for environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, not only because they can dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, but also because they produce no byproducts from energy use.

[0005] Commonly used secondary batteries today include lithium-ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and nickel-zinc batteries. When high output voltage is required, multiple battery cells are connected in series to form a battery module or battery pack. Furthermore, to increase charge / discharge capacity, multiple battery cells are connected in parallel to form a battery module or pack. Therefore, the number of battery cells included in a battery module or pack can vary depending on the required output voltage or charge / discharge capacity.

[0006] Meanwhile, since battery cells undergo chemical reactions during charging and discharging, heat may be generated, and if the allowable temperature is quickly reached, battery output is limited, which can lead to problems in using the battery pack efficiently.

[0007] Accordingly, a battery module including a plurality of battery cells includes a heat sink for cooling the battery cells that generate heat. In addition, a battery pack including a plurality of battery modules supplies a cooling medium to the heat sink of each battery module to lower the temperature of the battery cells when they generate heat.

[0008] However, if the flow rate of cooling medium flowing into the heat sinks of each battery module is not uniform, the cooling performance of each heat sink will differ, resulting in a temperature difference between the battery modules. For example, if less cooling medium flows into one battery module, the battery cells contained in that battery module will reach their allowable temperature more quickly and degrade more quickly than the battery cells contained in other battery modules. If the cooling medium does not flow evenly into each battery module, resulting in a temperature difference between battery cells, the lifespan of the battery cells will vary, preventing all battery cells from reaching their maximum performance.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need to develop a battery pack structure that can evenly cool battery cells and minimize temperature differences between battery cells by making the flow rate of cooling medium flowing into the heat sink of each battery module as even as possible.

[0010] Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a battery pack and a vehicle including the same that can minimize temperature deviation between battery cells or battery modules by equalizing the flow rate of cooling medium supplied to each battery module.

[0011] However, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below.

[0012] In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a battery pack comprising: a plurality of battery modules including a plurality of battery cells; a cooling pipe assembly supplying a cooling medium to each of the plurality of battery modules; and a plurality of insertion ports configured to connect each of the plurality of battery modules and the cooling pipe assembly to each other, wherein a communication hole configured to communicate with the insertion port is formed in each of the plurality of insertion ports in the cooling pipe assembly, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole is differentially configured so that the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules through the communication hole is equalized.

[0013] The cooling pipe assembly includes a plurality of cooling pipes configured to allow the cooling medium to flow; and a plurality of connectors for connecting the insertion port to an adjacent cooling pipe among the plurality of cooling pipes; and the communication hole can be configured to communicate with each of the plurality of connectors.

[0014] A battery pack according to the present invention further includes a pack case configured to accommodate the plurality of battery modules and the cooling pipe assembly, wherein the plurality of connectors and the plurality of insertion ports are arranged along one direction of the pack case, and a cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole may be provided to become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

[0015] The cooling pipe assembly is provided in pairs facing each other based on the plurality of battery modules, and further includes an inlet port provided on one side of the pack case and configured to allow the cooling medium to flow in, and a discharge port provided on one side of the pack case and configured to face the inlet port and to allow the cooling medium to flow out, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole may be provided to become larger the farther away it is from the inlet port or the discharge port.

[0016] Each of the plurality of battery modules may further include a heat sink for cooling the plurality of battery cells, and the insertion port may be configured to connect the heat sink and the plurality of connectors, respectively.

[0017] Each of the plurality of connectors may include a port insertion portion into which the insertion port is inserted and which includes the communication hole, and a pipe insertion portion configured to communicate with the port insertion portion and to which at least one of the plurality of cooling pipes is coupled.

[0018] The above insertion port may include a catch portion configured to protrude outwardly at least in part and catch on a distal end of the port insertion portion.

[0019] The above insertion port may be coupled upward from the lower portion of the port insertion portion so that the end of the port insertion portion is supported by the catch.

[0020] The battery pack according to the present invention may further include an insertion pipe inserted into the insertion port so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole is different for each insertion port.

[0021] The inner diameter of the above insertion pipe may be provided to become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

[0022] The above insertion pipe may include a body portion inserted into the insertion port and a mounting portion extending from the body portion and mounted at the end of the insertion port.

[0023] The insertion pipe may include a guide protrusion at least partially protruding outward, and the insertion port may include a guide groove at least partially recessed to correspond to the guide protrusion so that the guide protrusion is configured to be slidably engaged.

[0024] The above port insertion portion may be provided with a first connector hole into which the insertion port is inserted and the end of the insertion port is located, and a second connector hole that is defined as a portion excluding the first connector hole and extending in the insertion direction of the insertion port from the first connector hole, and configured to have a different cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole for each insertion port.

[0025] The cross-sectional area of ​​the second connector hole may be provided to become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

[0026] The above port insertion portion may further include a protrusion protruding inward from at least a portion of the second connector hole.

[0027] The length of the above protrusion may be provided to become smaller as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

[0028] At least one of the protrusions is provided, and the number of the protrusions may decrease as one direction of the pack case progresses.

[0029] The spacing between the above protrusions may be provided to become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

[0030] And, the present invention provides an automobile characterized by including a battery pack according to the present invention.

[0031] According to one aspect of the present invention, when a battery cell generates heat, a cooling medium is evenly supplied to each battery module to lower the temperature of the battery cell and extend the life of the battery cell.

[0032] In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, the performance of the battery pack can be maximized by minimizing the temperature difference between battery cells or battery modules by equalizing the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each battery module.

[0033] In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, in manufacturing a battery pack, a cooling medium is supplied using an insertion port of the same size for each battery module, thereby facilitating design changes and improving productivity.

[0034] In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, in manufacturing a battery pack, the possibility of mixing when assembling a battery module into a battery pack is reduced, thereby improving the assembling efficiency and reducing cost and time.

[0035] In addition, the present invention may have various other effects, which will be described in each embodiment configuration, or the description of effects that can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art will be omitted.

[0036] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to matters described in such drawings.

[0037] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the main components of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part A of Figure 3.

[0041] Figure 5 is an enlarged view of part B of Figure 4.

[0042] FIG. 6 is a modified drawing of FIG. 5, showing an insertion pipe included in a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 is an XZ cross-sectional view of Figure 6.

[0044] FIG. 8 is an XZ cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Fig. 9 is a drawing for explaining a modified example of an insertion pipe.

[0046] Fig. 10 is a drawing for explaining another modified example of an insertion pipe.

[0047] FIG. 11 is an XY cross-sectional perspective view of a connector included in a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 12 is an XZ cross-sectional view of Figure 11.

[0049] FIG. 13 is an XZ cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] FIG. 14 is an XY cross-sectional perspective view of a connector included in a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle including a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, it should be noted that the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as limited to their conventional or dictionary meanings. Based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of terms to best explain his or her invention, they should be interpreted in a way that aligns with the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0053] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0054] In the drawings, the sizes of each component or a specific part of that component are exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated for convenience and clarity of explanation. Therefore, the size of each component does not entirely reflect the actual size. If a detailed description of a related known function or configuration is judged to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, such description will be omitted. For reference, in this specification, terms indicating directions are terms based on the components shown in the accompanying drawings, and are relative terms that may change depending on the actual position or location of the components.

[0055] Meanwhile, in this specification, terms indicating directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and back may be used, but these terms are only for convenience of explanation, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that these terms may vary depending on the location of the target object or the location of the observer.

[0056] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the X-axis direction shown in the drawing may mean a horizontal direction or a front-back direction, the Y-axis direction may mean a left-right direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction on a horizontal plane (XY plane), and the Z-axis direction may mean an up-down direction (vertical direction) perpendicular to both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

[0057] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of major components of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 4.

[0058] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 5, a battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a battery module (100), a cooling pipe assembly (200), and an insertion port (400).

[0059] The battery module (100) may include a plurality of battery cells (110). The battery cells (110) may be any type of secondary battery, such as square, cylindrical, or pouch-shaped battery cells. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the battery cells (110) are provided as cylindrical battery cells as an example.

[0060] The plurality of battery cells (110) may be arranged in rows and columns within the battery module (100). For example, the plurality of battery cells (110) may be arranged in a row in a horizontal direction (X-axis direction) and in a left-right direction (Y-axis direction) and an up-down direction (Z-direction) while lying down, as illustrated in FIG. 3. At this time, the plurality of battery cells (110) may be electrically connected to each other. According to one embodiment, the plurality of battery modules (100) may each include battery cells (110) arranged in two rows in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction).

[0061] A plurality of battery modules (100) including a plurality of such battery cells (110) may be provided in a battery pack (10). For example, a plurality of battery modules (100) may be arranged in a row in a horizontal direction (X-axis direction) as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0062] Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 2 to 4, the cooling pipe assembly (200) may be configured to supply a cooling medium to each of a plurality of battery modules (100).

[0063] Referring to FIGS. 3 to 5, an insertion port (400) may be configured to connect a plurality of battery modules (100) and a cooling pipe assembly (200) to each other. A plurality of insertion ports (400) may be provided to individually connect a plurality of battery modules (100) and a cooling pipe assembly (200). The insertion port (400) may be configured to be coupled to the cooling pipe assembly (200). Specifically, the insertion port (400) may be configured to be inserted into and coupled to the cooling pipe assembly (200). The insertion port (400) is configured to communicate with the cooling pipe assembly (200) so that a cooling medium supplied from the cooling pipe assembly (200) can flow. Accordingly, the cooling medium supplied from the cooling pipe assembly (200) can flow to the battery module (100) through the insertion port (400).

[0064] The above insertion port (400) may be provided in a hollow shape including an outer wall and an inner wall. The outer diameter of the insertion port (400) may be provided to be the same as the inner diameter of the portion of the cooling pipe assembly (200) into which the insertion port (400) is inserted.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 5, when the insertion port (400) is coupled to the cooling pipe assembly (200), a communication hole (H) may be formed in the cooling pipe assembly (200). The communication hole (H) may be defined as a portion where the cooling pipe assembly (200) communicates with the insertion port (400). For example, in FIG. 5, the communication hole (H) may be defined as the end of the insertion port (400). The communication hole (H) may be formed in each of a plurality of insertion ports (400).

[0066] The cross-sectional areas of the communication holes (H) may be configured differently so that the flow rates of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules (100) through the communication holes (H) are equalized. The flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into any one communication hole (H) is proportional to the product of the flow rate of the cooling medium at that location and the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H). The flow rate of the cooling medium in the communication hole (H) may vary depending on the location of the communication hole (H) within the battery pack (10). In such a case, the cross-sectional areas of the communication holes (H) may be configured differently depending on the location so that the flow rates of the cooling medium can be equalized regardless of the location within the battery pack (10).

[0067] For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may be configured differently for each insertion port (400). Here, the cross-sectional area may be defined as the cross-sectional area obtained by cutting the battery pack (10) in a horizontal direction, i.e., the cross-sectional area in the XY plane. In other words, the diameter of the communication hole (H) may be configured differently for each insertion port (400). This is because the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) is proportional to the square of (diameter / 2) of the communication hole (H).

[0068] That is, the diameters of the communication holes (H) that communicate with the insertion ports (400) provided in each of the plurality of battery modules (100) may be provided differently so that the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules (100) becomes equal. By means of such an implementation configuration, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into the plurality of battery modules (100) can be controlled to distribute it equally to each battery module (100).

[0069] At this time, even if the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) changes, the outer diameter of the insertion port (400) can be provided to be constant. Accordingly, when the cooling medium flows into the insertion port (400) through the communication hole (H), the state in which the insertion port (400) is coupled to the cooling pipe assembly (200) can be maintained.

[0070] According to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, when the battery cell (110) generates heat, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) is evenly distributed, thereby lowering the temperature of the battery cell (110) and extending the life of the battery cell (110).

[0071] In addition, according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each battery module (100) is made equal, thereby minimizing the temperature difference between the battery modules (100), thereby maximizing the performance of the battery pack (10).

[0072] Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, in order to maintain a plurality of battery cells (110) in a single unit state by grouping them together, the battery module (100) may include a module frame (120). The module frame (120) may be configured to maintain the spacing between the battery cells (110). The module frame (120) may be made of, for example, a metal material or a plastic material. The module frame (120) may have holes formed into which a plurality of battery cells (110) are inserted.

[0073] The above module frame (120) may include a module top frame (121) and a module bottom frame (122).

[0074] The above module top frame (121) may be configured to maintain the spacing between the battery cells (110) at the top of the plurality of battery cells (110). Holes into which the upper portions of the plurality of battery cells (110) are inserted may be formed in the module top frame (121).

[0075] In addition, a plurality of battery cells (110) may be mounted on the module bottom frame (122). The module bottom frame (122) may be provided at the bottom of the plurality of battery cells (110) so that the plurality of battery cells (110) may be mounted and fixed. The module bottom frame (122) may have a structure formed into which the lower portions of the plurality of battery cells (110) are inserted.

[0076] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, two module bottom frames (122) in one battery module (100) may be provided to face each other.

[0077] Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling pipe assembly (200) may include a cooling pipe (210) and a connector (220).

[0078] The cooling pipe (210) may be configured in a hollow shape so that a cooling medium can flow. The cooling pipe (210) may be provided in multiple numbers, and may be arranged on both sides of the multiple battery modules (100). In addition, the multiple cooling pipes (210) may be arranged in a row. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the multiple cooling pipes (210) may be provided in a ㅡ-shaped pipe shape, may be arranged in a row along the front-back direction (X-axis direction), and may be arranged to face each other on both sides of the multiple battery modules (100).

[0079] The connector (220) may be configured to couple two adjacent cooling pipes (210) among a plurality of cooling pipes (210). In addition, the connector (220) may be configured to couple an insertion port (400). That is, the connector (220) may be configured to couple at least one cooling pipe (210) and an insertion port (400) simultaneously.

[0080] The above connectors (220) may be provided in multiple numbers and arranged in a row. In addition, the connectors (220) may be arranged on both sides of the multiple battery modules (100). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the multiple cooling pipes (210) may be arranged in a row along the front-rear direction (X-axis direction) and may be arranged to face each other on both sides of the multiple battery modules (100).

[0081] The above communication hole (H) may be configured such that a plurality of connectors (220) and a plurality of insertion ports (400) are individually communicated with each other. In other words, the communication hole (H) may be formed at each portion where the insertion ports (400) are coupled within the plurality of connectors (220). At this time, the cross-sectional areas of the communication holes (H) may be configured differently so that the amount of cooling medium flowing in from the connectors (220) is uniform.

[0082] According to the above implementation configuration, even if the inner diameter of the insertion port (400) inserted into the connector (220) is provided to be the same, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) can be made different to evenly distribute the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100). As a result, since one size of insertion port (400) can be used for each battery module (100), design changes can be made easy and productivity can be improved.

[0083] Meanwhile, in the embodiment configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a pack case (300).

[0084] The pack case (300) may be configured to accommodate a plurality of battery modules (100) and a cooling pipe assembly (200). To this end, the pack case (300) may include a case frame (310) that forms a lower surface of the pack case (300) and includes a square bottom surface on which a plurality of battery modules (100) are mounted, and side surfaces extending upward from each corner of the bottom surface to surround the plurality of battery modules (100). For example, in the present exemplary configuration, the bottom surface may be provided in an approximately square plate shape, and the side surfaces may include walls in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

[0085] Additionally, the pack case (300) may include a pack lid (320) configured to cover the upper portion of the case frame (310).

[0086] The above plurality of connectors (220) and the insertion port (400) may be arranged along one direction of the pack case (300). For example, as in FIG. 3, one direction of the pack case (300) may be defined as the +X-axis direction.

[0087] The cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may become larger as it goes in the +X-axis direction. In other words, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) provided on the other side of the pack case (300) may be larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) provided on one side of the pack case (300).

[0088] Referring primarily to FIGS. 2 and 3, the cooling pipe assemblies (200) may be provided in pairs facing each other with respect to a plurality of battery modules (100). For example, as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, a plurality of cooling pipes (210) and connectors (220) may be provided facing each other on both sides of a plurality of battery modules (100) and may be provided symmetrically with respect to each other with respect to the Y-axis.

[0089] The cooling pipe assembly (200) may include an inlet port (230) and a discharge port (240). Both the inlet port (230) and the discharge port (240) may be provided on one side of the pack case (300), for example, the front side. The inlet port (230) may be configured to allow a cooling medium to be introduced. The discharge port (240) may be provided to face the inlet port (230). The discharge port (240) may be configured to allow a cooling medium to be discharged. The inlet port (230) and the discharge port (240) may be provided to communicate with the cooling pipe (210).

[0090] Meanwhile, the pack case (300) may include an inlet (I) through which a cooling medium is introduced from the outside and an outlet (O) through which the cooling medium is discharged to the outside. The inlet (I) and outlet (O) may be provided to be connected to an inlet port (230) and an outlet port (240), respectively.

[0091] The cross-sectional area of ​​the above communication hole (H) may be provided to be larger as it gets farther away from the inlet port (230) or the discharge port (240). For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the inlet port (230) and the discharge port (240) are provided on one side of the pack case (300), for example, the front side, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may be provided to be larger as it gets farther away from the pack case (300) in one direction (+X-axis direction).

[0092] When the inner diameter of the insertion port (400) is the same, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into the battery module (100) may gradually decrease as the battery module (100) is located farther away from the inlet (I) or outlet (O) of the pack case (300). As in one embodiment of the present invention, since the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) is provided to be larger the farther away from the inlet port (230) or outlet port (240), the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) can be made equal regardless of the distance between each battery module (100) and the inlet (I) or outlet (O). As a result, the safety of the battery pack (10) can be improved by minimizing the temperature difference between the battery modules (100).

[0093] Referring to FIG. 4, each of the plurality of battery modules (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a heat sink (130).

[0094] The heat sink (130) may be configured to cool a plurality of battery cells (110) or battery modules (100). The heat sink (130) may be provided between a plurality of module frames (120). For example, in one battery module (100), two module bottom frames (122) may be provided to face each other, and the heat sink (130) may be provided between the two module bottom frames (122). The heat sink (130) may be provided closer to the lower portion than the upper portion of the pack case (300). At this time, the insertion port (400) may be provided in an L-shape to connect the heat sink (130) and the connector (220) provided at the lower portion.

[0095] The above insertion port (400) is configured to individually connect the heat sink (130) and a plurality of connectors (220), so that the cooling medium flowing through the cooling pipe assembly (200) can be introduced into each battery module (100). With this configuration, the cooling medium can be directly introduced into the heat sink (130), thereby quickly lowering the temperature of each battery module (100) when it generates heat.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 5, each of the plurality of connectors (220) may include a port insertion portion (221) and a pipe insertion portion (222).

[0097] The above port insertion portion (221) may be configured to allow the insertion port (400) to be inserted. The inner diameter of the port insertion portion (221) may be provided to be the same as or similar to the outer diameter of the insertion port (400).

[0098] The above pipe insertion portion (222) may be configured to communicate with the port insertion portion (221). The pipe insertion portion (222) may be configured to be coupled with at least one of a plurality of cooling pipes (210). Specifically, the outer diameter of the pipe insertion portion (222) may be provided to be inserted into the inner diameter of the cooling pipe (210). At this time, the outer diameter of the pipe insertion portion (222) is provided to be larger than the inner diameter of the cooling pipe (210), so that the cooling pipe (210) can be forcefully fitted when inserted into the pipe insertion portion (222). This can prevent leakage of the cooling medium when it flows between the cooling pipe (210) and the pipe insertion portion (222).

[0099] In addition, for example, a plurality of cooling pipes (210) may be inserted into both sides of the pipe insertion portion (222). That is, the plurality of connectors (220) may be configured so that at least one cooling pipe (210) and an insertion port (400) are coupled simultaneously. According to one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the connector (220) may be provided in a T shape so that two cooling pipes (210) may be inserted into both sides in the X-axis direction, and the insertion port (400) may be inserted into the Z-axis direction.

[0100] The above port insertion portion (221) may be provided with a communication hole (H) inside. That is, the communication hole (H) may be formed at a portion where the port insertion portion (221) and the insertion port (400) communicate.

[0101] Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 5, the insertion port (400) may include a catch (410). The catch (410) may be provided so that at least a portion of the outer wall of the insertion port (400) protrudes outward. The catch (410) may be provided so as to catch on the end of the port insertion portion (221). That is, the outer diameter of the catch (410) may be provided to be larger than the inner diameter of the port insertion portion (221). Accordingly, the insertion depth of the insertion port (400) when inserted into the port insertion portion (221) can be adjusted.

[0102] According to one embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the insertion port (400) can be coupled upwardly from the lower portion of the port insertion portion (221). When the insertion port (400) is coupled upwardly from the port insertion portion (221), the lower end of the port insertion portion (221) can be provided to be supported by the catch (410). With this embodiment, the insertion port (400) can be inserted into the port insertion portion (221) only to a certain depth, thereby allowing the cooling medium to smoothly flow into the insertion port (400) through the communication hole (H).

[0103] Below, we will look in detail at several embodiments in which the inner diameter of the insertion port (400) is the same, while the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) is different, so that the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) can be evenly distributed.

[0104] FIG. 6 is a modified drawing of FIG. 5, showing an insertion pipe included in a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is an XZ cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is an XZ cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] According to one embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include an insertion pipe (500). The insertion pipe (500) may be configured to be inserted into the insertion port (400). The insertion pipe (500) may be provided in a pipe shape including an outer wall and an inner wall. The outer diameter of the insertion pipe (500) may be provided to be the same as or similar to the inner diameter of the insertion port (400).

[0106] The above insertion pipe (500) may be provided so that each communication hole (H) has a different cross-sectional area. At this time, the communication hole (H) may be formed at a portion where the connector (220) and the insertion pipe (500) communicate. The cross-sectional area of ​​the insertion pipe (500) may be provided differently for each insertion port (400) into which the insertion pipe (500) is inserted, so that the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing in through the communication hole (H) can be evenly distributed. Even if the cross-sectional areas of the communication holes (H) are different, the outer diameters of the insertion pipes (500) may be provided to be the same. That is, the cross-sectional area or inner diameter of the insertion pipe (500) inserted into the insertion port (400) is different, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) is different.

[0107] Meanwhile, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the insertion pipe (500) can be inserted downward (in the -Z-axis direction) from the top of the insertion port (400).

[0108] As in the embodiment configuration, since the cross-sectional area or inner diameter of the insertion pipe (500) inserted into the insertion port (400) is provided differently, only the insertion port (400) of the same size needs to be manufactured without changing the inner diameter of the insertion port (400) regardless of the position of each battery module (100), so the problem of module mixing during assembly is minimized, and thus the assembling efficiency can be improved.

[0109] In addition, according to this implementation configuration, after assembling the battery module (100) and the insertion port (400) into the pack case (300), an insertion pipe (500) having a set inner diameter according to the position of each battery module (100) is inserted into the insertion port (400), so that productivity can be improved when assembling the battery pack (10).

[0110] If the inner diameter of each insertion port (400) is different to control the flow rate, there is a disadvantage in that insertion ports (400) with various inner diameters must be developed, and there is also a risk of mixing when assembling the battery module (100) into the battery pack (10). According to the present invention, there is no need to provide insertion ports (400) with various inner diameters, and the insertion port (400) is provided in only one size, and instead, the insertion pipe (500) inserted into the insertion port (400) can be made different to produce the effect of differentially configuring the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H). In this case, after assembling all battery modules (100) in the pack case (300), different insertion pipes (500) can be inserted into the insertion port (400) of each battery module (100), and thus the mixing problem of the battery modules (100) can be avoided.

[0111] The inner diameter (D) of the insertion pipe (500) may become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). That is, the inner diameter of the insertion pipe (500) may become larger as it goes in the +X-axis direction. The +X-axis direction may be defined as a direction away from the inlet (I) or the outlet (O). Accordingly, the diameter of the communication hole (H) may also become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). That is, the inner diameter of the insertion pipe (500) may be provided to be the same as the diameter of the communication hole (H).

[0112] Referring to Fig. 8, the inner diameter (D1) of the insertion pipe (500) inserted into the insertion port (400) connected to the battery module (100) that is provided closest to the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) may be provided to be the smallest. In addition, the inner diameter (D3) of the insertion pipe (500) inserted into the insertion port (400) connected to the battery module (100) that is provided farthest from the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) may be provided to be larger than D1.

[0113] The further away the battery module (100) is from the inlet (I) or outlet (O) of the pack case (300), the smaller the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into the battery module (100). However, as in one embodiment of the present invention, the further away the battery module (100) is from the inlet (I) or outlet (O), the larger the inner diameter of the insertion pipe (500) is, and thus the larger the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) is, so that the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) can be made equal.

[0114] Fig. 9 is a drawing for explaining a modified example of an insertion pipe.

[0115] Referring to FIG. 9, the insertion pipe (500) may include a body portion (510) and a mounting portion (520).

[0116] The above body part (510) may be a part inserted into the inside of the insertion port (400). The body part (510) may be provided in a pipe shape, and the outer diameter of the body part (510) may be provided to be the same as the inner diameter of the insertion port (400). The inner diameter of the body part (510) may be provided to become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). That is, the inner diameter of the body part (510) may be provided to become larger as it goes in the +X-axis direction.

[0117] The above-mentioned mounting portion (520) may be formed in a plate shape and extend from the body portion (510). A hole configured to allow a cooling medium to pass through may be formed in the mounting portion (520). The diameter of the hole may be the same as the inner diameter of the body portion (510). Accordingly, when the insertion pipe (500) is inserted into the insertion port (400), the communication hole (H) may be defined by the hole.

[0118] Referring to FIG. 9, the mounting portion (520) may be configured to extend from the upper portion of the body portion (510) in the outer diameter direction of the insertion port (400) and be mounted on the upper end of the insertion port (400). The outer diameter of the mounting portion (520) may be provided to be larger than the diameter of the hole, but may not extend beyond the outermost wall of the insertion port (400).

[0119] In addition, the thickness of the mounting portion (520) may be provided to be very small compared to the thickness of the body portion (510). Even if the inner diameter of the body portion (510) is provided differently for each insertion pipe (500), the thickness of the mounting portion (520) may be provided to be constant. As a result, the flow of the cooling medium flowing from the connector (220) to the body portion (510) may not be impeded.

[0120] According to this embodiment, when the body part (510) of the insertion pipe (500) is inserted into the insertion port (400), the depth at which the body part (510) is inserted into the insertion port (400) can be determined as the mounting part (520) is mounted in the insertion port (400). In addition, according to this embodiment, even if the insertion pipe (500) is assembled incorrectly into the insertion port (400), the mounting part (520) can be held to easily remove the insertion pipe (500).

[0121] Fig. 10 is a drawing for explaining another modified example of an insertion pipe.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 10, the insertion pipe (500) may include a guide protrusion (530). The guide protrusion (530) may be formed on the outer wall of the insertion pipe (500). Specifically, the guide protrusion (530) may be provided such that at least a portion of the outer wall of the insertion pipe (500) protrudes outward. The guide protrusion (530) may be formed continuously or intermittently along the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction) of the insertion pipe (500). For example, a plurality of guide protrusions (530) may be formed radially on the outer wall of the insertion pipe (500). The length of the guide protrusion (530) may be provided to be smaller than the length at which the insertion pipe (500) is inserted into the insertion port (400). For example, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 10, the guide protrusion (530) may be provided to be shorter than the length from the end of the insertion port (400) to the catch (410).

[0123] Meanwhile, the insertion port (400) may include a guide groove (420) configured to allow the guide protrusion (530) to be inserted. The guide groove (420) may be formed on the inner wall of the insertion port (400). Specifically, the guide groove (420) may be provided by recessing at least a portion of the inner wall of the insertion port (400). The recessed depth, position, etc. of the guide groove (420) may be provided to correspond to the guide protrusion (530).

[0124] In addition, the guide groove (420) may be configured to allow the guide protrusion (530) to be slidably engaged from above. The guide groove (420) may be continuously formed along the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction) of the insertion port (400). The guide groove (420) may be formed to correspond to a certain portion of the longitudinal direction of the insertion port (400), that is, the length of the guide protrusion (530). At this time, the guide groove (420) may be provided with a catch for supporting the distal end of the guide protrusion (530).

[0125] According to this implementation configuration, when the insertion pipe (500) is inserted into the insertion port (400), the lower end of the guide protrusion (530) is caught on the catch of the guide groove (420), so that the depth at which the insertion pipe (500) is inserted can be determined.

[0126] FIG. 11 is an XY cross-sectional perspective view of a connector included in a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 12 is an XZ cross-sectional view of FIG. 11, and FIG. 13 is an XZ cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0127] According to another embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the port insertion portion (221) may be provided with a first connector hole (C1) and a second connector hole (C2). The first connector hole (C1) may be defined as a portion where the insertion port (400) is inserted and where the end of the insertion port (400) is located. The second connector hole (C2) may be provided at a portion extending from the first connector hole (C1) in the insertion direction of the insertion port (400). The insertion port (400) is not inserted into the second connector hole (C2), and may be defined as the remaining portion of the port insertion portion (221) excluding the first connector hole (C1).

[0128] At this time, the communication hole (H) may be defined as a portion where the second connector hole (C2) of the connector (220) and the insertion port (400) communicate. That is, the communication hole (H) may be defined as a second connector hole (C2). The second connector hole (C2) may be configured to have a different cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) for each insertion port (400). For example, as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connector hole (C2) may become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). Accordingly, the diameter of the communication hole (H) may also become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). That is, the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) may be provided to be the same as the diameter of the communication hole (H).

[0129] The inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) provided on the other side of the pack case (300) may be larger than the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) provided on one side of the pack case (300). In other words, as illustrated in FIG. 13, the inner diameter (D'1) of the second connector hole (C2) formed in the connector (220) provided closest to the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) may be provided to be the smallest. In addition, the inner diameter (D'3) of the second connector hole (C2) formed in the connector (220) provided farthest from the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) may be provided to be larger than D'1.

[0130] According to this embodiment, since the cross-sectional area or inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2), which is the part where the insertion port (400) is not inserted, is provided differently, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) is also provided differently, so that the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) can be made equal regardless of the position of each battery module (100). Accordingly, since only the outer diameter of the port insertion portion (221) of the connector (220) into which the insertion port (400) is inserted or the outer diameter and inner diameter of the insertion port (400) need not be changed, only the insertion port (400) of the same size needs to be manufactured, so that productivity can be improved. In addition, according to this embodiment, since the insertion port (400) needs to be developed in only one size, the design change of each battery module (100) or the insertion port (400) can be easily made.

[0131] In this way, in this embodiment, the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2), which is the part where the insertion port (400) is not inserted, is made different, so that the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) can be differentially applied depending on the location within the battery pack (10) of the battery module (100) as in the previously described embodiment.

[0132] Specifically, we examine the results of analyzing the flow rate of the cooling medium actually flowing into the heat sink (130) of each battery module (100). The flow analysis was performed using the commercial STAR-CCM+ program commonly used in CFD flow analysis. Three-dimensional steady state, gravity in the -Z direction of 9.81 m / s. 2 was considered, and realizable k-ε was applied as the turbulence model. In the actual flow analysis experiment, as shown in Fig. 2, 9 battery modules (100) were used, and the total flow rate of the cooling medium was set to 10 LPM. That is, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each of the 9 battery modules (100) must be evenly distributed as 1.11 LPM (11.1%), which is 10 LPM / 9, to maximize the performance of the battery pack including such battery modules (100).

[0133] First, in the case of a comparative example in which the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) of the connector (220) is assumed to be 14.15 mm, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) was calculated, and as a result, the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) was sequentially introduced at a rate of 16.5%, 14.5%, 12.8%, 11.3%, 10.3%, 9.4%, 8.7%, 8.3%, and 8.2%, starting from the battery module (100) closest to the inlet (I) or the outlet (O), respectively. At this time, it can be seen that the cooling medium flowing in gradually decreases from the battery module (100) closest to the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) to the battery module (100) farthest from the inlet (I) or the outlet (O), and is thus uneven. When the difference between the maximum flow rate and the minimum flow rate is called the flow rate deviation, the flow rate deviation in the comparative example is 8.3% (0.83 LPM), which is 16.5%-8.2%.

[0134] Meanwhile, for example, when the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) of the connector (220) is increased to 5.8 mm, 6.3 mm, 6.8 mm, 7.3 mm, 8.3 mm, 9.3 mm, 11.5 mm, 12.5 mm, and 14.2 mm in the battery module (100) provided closest to the inlet (I) or the outlet (O), the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100) was calculated and it was flowed in at a rate of 11.0%, 11.1%, 11.3%, 11.1%, 11.6%, 11.5%, 11.2%, 10.7%, and 10.5%, respectively. At this time, it can be seen that the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing from the battery module (100) that is installed closest to the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) to the battery module (100) that is installed farthest from the inlet (I) or the outlet (O) is almost equal without a tendency to decrease as in the comparative example. In this way, the differential application of the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) of the connector (220) corresponds to the present invention, and the flow rate deviation at this time is 1.1% (0.11 LPM), which is 11.6%-10.5%. That is, the flow rate deviation of 1.1% in the case of the present invention that is differentially applied is significantly smaller than the flow rate deviation of 8.3% in the comparative example in which the inner diameters (D') of the second connector holes (C2) of the connectors (220) are all the same, so that the temperature deviation between the battery modules (100) can be minimized according to the present invention.

[0135] Of course, unlike the actual flow analysis experiment, the inner diameter (D') of the second connector hole (C2) of the connector (220) may vary to more evenly distribute the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing into each battery module (100), and the optimal size may be found based on the flow analysis experiment.

[0136] FIG. 14 is an XY cross-sectional perspective view of a connector included in a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the port insertion portion (221) may further include a protrusion (P). The protrusion (P) may be provided to protrude inward from at least a portion of the second connector hole (C2). The protrusion (P) may be provided in an annular shape along the inner circumference of the second connector hole (C2). By providing the protrusion (P), the diameter or cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may be changed by the protrusion (P) without changing the inner diameter of the second connector hole (C2) itself.

[0138] Specifically, the length of the protrusion (P) protruding from the second connector hole (C2) may be provided to become smaller as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). That is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connector hole (C2) shielded by the protrusion (P) may be provided to become smaller as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). Accordingly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connector hole (C2) may be provided to become larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case (300). By this configuration, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may be differentially configured so that the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules (100) through the communication hole (H) becomes equal.

[0139] According to one embodiment of the configuration illustrated in FIG. 14, at least one protrusion (P) may be provided. The protrusions (P) may be intermittently provided along the inner circumferential surface of the second connector hole (C2). When a plurality of protrusions (P) are provided and the areas of the plurality of protrusions (P) are the same, the number of the protrusions (P) may become smaller as they go in one direction of the pack case (300). Alternatively, when the areas of the plurality of protrusions (P) are the same, the interval between the protrusions (P) may become larger as they go in one direction of the pack case (300). With this configuration, the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole (H) may be differentially configured so that the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules (100) through the communication hole (H) becomes equal.

[0140] FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle including a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] Referring to FIG. 15, a vehicle (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include one or more battery packs (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle (1) according to the present invention may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle. The vehicle (1) includes a four-wheel vehicle and a two-wheel vehicle. The vehicle (1) operates by receiving power from the battery pack (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0142] Since the battery pack (10) has the various effects mentioned above, the vehicle (1) including it can also have all of these effects. Specifically, the battery pack (10) can lower the temperature of the battery cells (110) by evenly supplying a cooling medium to each battery module (100) when the battery cells (110) generate heat. In addition, the temperature difference between the battery cells (110) or battery modules (100) can be minimized. The battery pack (10) can be used without some battery cells (110) quickly reaching an acceptable temperature first, thereby limiting battery output. Accordingly, the performance of all battery cells (110) in the battery pack (10) can be maximized, the service life of the battery pack (10) can be extended, and the replacement cycle can be extended. In addition, the vehicle (1) including it has an advantage in terms of maintenance.

[0143] As described above, although the present invention has been described by limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

Claims

1. A plurality of battery modules comprising a plurality of battery cells; A cooling pipe assembly for supplying a cooling medium to each of the plurality of battery modules; and comprising a plurality of insertion ports configured to connect each of the plurality of battery modules and the cooling pipe assembly to each other; The above cooling pipe assembly includes A battery pack characterized in that a communication hole configured to communicate with the insertion port is formed for each of the plurality of insertion ports, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole is differentially configured so that the flow rate of the cooling medium supplied to each of the plurality of battery modules through the communication hole is equalized.

2. In paragraph 1, The above cooling pipe assembly a plurality of cooling pipes configured to allow the cooling medium to flow; and A plurality of connectors are included, wherein adjacent cooling pipes among the plurality of cooling pipes are connected to the insertion port; A battery pack characterized in that the above communication hole is configured to communicate with each of the plurality of connectors.

3. In paragraph 2, Further comprising a pack case configured to accommodate the plurality of battery modules and the cooling pipe assembly; The plurality of connectors and the plurality of insertion ports are arranged along one direction of the pack case, A battery pack characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the above communication hole becomes larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

4. In paragraph 3, The above cooling pipe assembly The above multiple battery modules are provided in pairs facing each other, It further includes an inlet port provided on one side of the pack case and configured to allow the cooling medium to be introduced, and an outlet port provided on one side of the pack case facing the inlet port and configured to allow the cooling medium to be discharged. A battery pack characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the above communication hole becomes larger the farther away it is from the inlet port or the outlet port.

5. In paragraph 2, Each of the above plurality of battery modules Further comprising a heat sink for cooling the plurality of battery cells, A battery pack, characterized in that the insertion port is configured to connect the heat sink and the plurality of connectors, respectively.

6. In paragraph 3, Each of the above multiple connectors The above insertion port is inserted and the port insertion part including the communication hole and A battery pack characterized by including a pipe insert configured to communicate with the port insert and to which at least one of the plurality of cooling pipes is coupled.

7. In paragraph 6, The above insertion port is A battery pack characterized in that it includes a catch portion configured to protrude outwardly at least in part and catch on a terminal end of the port insertion portion.

8. In paragraph 7, A battery pack characterized in that the insertion port is coupled upward from the lower portion of the port insertion portion so that the end of the port insertion portion is supported by the catch.

9. In paragraph 3, A battery pack characterized in that it further includes an insertion pipe inserted into the inside of the insertion port and making the cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole different for each insertion port.

10. In paragraph 9, A battery pack characterized in that the inner diameter of the above insertion pipe becomes larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

11. In paragraph 9, The above insert pipe A body part inserted into the above insertion port and A battery pack characterized by including a mounting portion extending from the body portion and mounted at the end of the insertion port.

12. In paragraph 9, The above insertion pipe includes a guide projection at least partially protruding outward, A battery pack characterized in that the insertion port includes a guide groove configured such that at least a portion thereof is sunken to correspond to the guide protrusion so that the guide protrusion is slidably engaged.

13. In paragraph 6, The above port insertion part A first connector hole into which the insertion port is inserted and into which the end of the insertion port is located; and A battery pack characterized in that a second connector hole is provided, which extends from the first connector hole in the insertion direction of the insertion port and is defined as a portion remaining excluding the first connector hole, and is configured to have a different cross-sectional area of ​​the communication hole for each insertion port.

14. In paragraph 13, A battery pack characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connector hole becomes larger as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

15. In paragraph 13, The above port insertion part A battery pack further characterized by including a protrusion protruding inward from at least a portion of the second connector hole.

16. In paragraph 15, A battery pack characterized in that the length of the protrusion becomes smaller as it goes in one direction of the pack case.

17. In paragraph 15, At least one of the above protrusions is provided, A battery pack characterized in that the number of protrusions decreases as one direction of the pack case increases.

18. In paragraph 15, A battery pack characterized in that the protrusion is provided to be supported by the end of the insertion port.

19. A vehicle characterized by including a battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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