Display device and vehicle including same

Abstract

This display device comprises: a first substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on the first substrate and covering at least a portion of the pixel electrode; a second substrate disposed on the pixel defining layer and spaced apart from the first substrate and the pixel defining layer to define a space between the second substrate and the pixel defining layer; and a light blocking pattern disposed on one surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and overlapping the pixel defining layer on a planar surface.

Description

Display device and vehicle including same

[0001] The present invention relates to a display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a display device that provides visual information and a vehicle including the same.

[0002] If impurities such as moisture or oxygen enter the display device from the outside, the lifespan of the transistors included in the display device may be shortened and the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting element may be reduced.

[0003] Accordingly, the display device may be encapsulated to isolate the interior of the display device from the exterior and prevent impurities such as moisture from penetrating. For example, the display device may include a substrate and an encapsulating substrate that forms a cover or cap on the substrate. The substrate and the encapsulating substrate may be integrally joined by a sealing member.

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a display device with improved display quality.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle including the display device.

[0006] However, the purpose of the present invention is not limited to the above-described purposes, and may be expanded in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-described object of the present invention, a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a first substrate, a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate, a pixel defining film disposed on the first substrate and covering at least a portion of the pixel electrode, a second substrate disposed on the pixel defining film and spaced apart from the first substrate and the pixel defining film to define a space between the first substrate and the pixel defining film, and a light-blocking pattern disposed on one surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and overlapping the pixel defining film on a plane.

[0008] In one embodiment, the distance (X) between the edge of one side of the pixel defining film facing the second substrate and the edge of one side of the light-shielding pattern facing the second substrate may satisfy the following mathematical expression 1.

[0009] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0010]

[0011] (Wherein, D is the distance between the one side of the pixel defining film and the one side of the second substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the space, n2 is the refractive index of the second substrate, n3 is the refractive index of air, and θ is the viewing angle)

[0012] In one embodiment, the width (W) of one side of the shading pattern can satisfy the following mathematical expression 2.

[0013] [Equation 2]

[0014]

[0015] (However, G is the width of the above-mentioned one side of the above-mentioned pixel definition film)

[0016] In one embodiment, the display device may further include a spacer disposed between the pixel defining film and the light-blocking pattern.

[0017] In one embodiment, the sum of the thickness of the shading pattern and the thickness of the spacer may be greater than 3 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.

[0018] In one embodiment, the shading patterns are multiple, and the spacer can overlap at least one of the shading patterns on a plane.

[0019] In one embodiment, the maximum width of the shading pattern may be greater than the width of the spacer.

[0020] In one embodiment, the display device may further include a light-emitting layer disposed on the pixel electrode, a common electrode disposed on the light-emitting layer, the pixel defining film, and the spacer, and a capping layer disposed on the common electrode.

[0021] In one embodiment, the shading pattern may include a black matrix.

[0022] In one embodiment, the display device may further include a sealing member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate along an edge of each of the first substrate and the second substrate, and connecting the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0023] In one embodiment, the second substrate may comprise a glass substrate.

[0024] In one embodiment, the space may be an empty space.

[0025] In one embodiment, the space can be filled with a filler.

[0026] In order to achieve another object of the present invention described above, a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a body defining an interior space, and a display device disposed in the interior space. The display device may include a first substrate, a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate, a pixel defining film disposed on the first substrate and covering at least a portion of the pixel electrode, a spacer disposed on the pixel defining film, a second substrate disposed on the spacer and spaced apart from the first substrate and the spacer to define a space between the first substrate and the pixel defining film, a transparent pattern disposed on one surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and overlapping the pixel defining film in a plane, and a light-shielding pattern disposed on the transparent pattern and defining an opening capable of accommodating at least a portion of the spacer.

[0027] In one embodiment, the shading pattern may cover at least a portion of a side surface of the spacer.

[0028] In one embodiment, the shading patterns are plural, and the spacer can be accommodated in the opening of at least one of the shading patterns.

[0029] In one embodiment, the transmissive pattern may comprise a transparent organic material.

[0030] In one embodiment, the shading pattern may include a black matrix.

[0031] In one embodiment, the display device may further include a sealing member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate along an edge of each of the first substrate and the second substrate, and connecting the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0032] In one embodiment, the second substrate may comprise a glass substrate.

[0033] In one embodiment, the space may be an empty space.

[0034] In one embodiment, the space can be filled with a filler.

[0035] In one embodiment, the vehicle may further include a cluster, a center fascia adjacent to the cluster, and a passenger dashboard adjacent to the center fascia. The display device may be disposed on at least one of the cluster, the center fascia, and the passenger dashboard.

[0036] In a display device according to embodiments of the present invention, a light-blocking pattern may be disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, the light-blocking pattern overlapping a pixel-defining film on a plane. The light-blocking pattern may block incident light incident from the outside and reflected light reflected by the pixel-defining film from the incident light. In addition, the thickness of the space between the first substrate and the second substrate may be increased. Accordingly, coherence may be reduced, and a rainbow-shaped color shift phenomenon recognized from a side viewing angle may be effectively improved.

[0037] However, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and may be expanded in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II' of Figure 1.

[0040] Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of area A of Figure 2.

[0041] Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of area B of Figure 3.

[0042] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of Figure 3.

[0043] Figure 6 is a plan view showing a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II' of Figure 6.

[0045] Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of Fig. 7.

[0046] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of Fig. 9.

[0048] FIG. 11 is a drawing schematically showing the exterior of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 12 is a drawing schematically showing the interior space of the vehicle of Figure 11.

[0050] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. Identical components in the drawings will be designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions of identical components will be omitted.

[0051] Fig. 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, “plane” may mean a case when viewed in the thickness direction (i.e., the third direction (DR3)) of the first substrate (SUB1, see Fig. 2).

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, a display device (10) may include a display area (DA) and a non-display area (NDA). The display area (DA) may be an area capable of generating light or displaying an image by controlling the transmittance of light provided from an external light source. The non-display area (NDA) may be an area that does not display an image. The non-display area (NDA) may be located around the display area (DA). For example, the non-display area (NDA) may entirely surround the display area (DA).

[0053] A plurality of pixels (PX) may be arranged in the display area (DA). The plurality of pixels (PX) may be arranged in a matrix form along a first direction (DR1) and a second direction (DR2) intersecting the first direction (DR1). For example, the first direction (DR1) may be perpendicular to the second direction (DR2). Each of the plurality of pixels (PX) may emit light. As each of the plurality of pixels (PX) emits light, the display area (DA) may display an image.

[0054] In the above display area (DA), additional wires connected to the plurality of pixels (PX) may be arranged. For example, the wires may include data signal wires, gate signal wires, power wires, etc.

[0055] In the non-display area (NDA), driving units for driving the plurality of pixels (PX) may be arranged. For example, the driving units may include a data driving unit, a gate driving unit, a power voltage generating unit, a timing controller, etc. The plurality of pixels (PX) may emit light based on signals received from the driving units.

[0056] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II' of Figure 1.

[0057] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the display device (10) may include a first substrate (SUB1), a second substrate (SUB2), and a sealing member (SM).

[0058] The first substrate (SUB1) may include a transparent or opaque material. For example, the first substrate (SUB1) may include a rigid glass substrate, a polymer substrate, a flexible film, a metal substrate, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination. In one embodiment, the first substrate (SUB1) may include a rigid glass substrate.

[0059] The second substrate (SUB2) may be disposed on the first substrate (SUB1). The second substrate (SUB2) may face the first substrate (SUB1). The second substrate (SUB2) may be spaced apart from the first substrate (SUB1) in a third direction (DR3) intersecting the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2), respectively. For example, the third direction (DR3) may be perpendicular to the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2), respectively. Accordingly, a space (SP) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2) may be defined. In one embodiment, the space (SP) may be an empty space (e.g., a vacuum state). In another embodiment, the space (SP) may be filled with a filler.

[0060] The second substrate (SUB2) may include a transparent or opaque material. For example, the second substrate (SUB2) may include a rigid glass substrate, a polymer substrate, a flexible film, a metal substrate, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination. In one embodiment, the second substrate (SUB2) may include a rigid glass substrate.

[0061] The sealing member (SM) may be disposed between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2), and may be disposed along the edges of each of the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2). That is, the sealing member (SM) may be disposed along the non-display area (NDA) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2). The first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2) may be coupled by the sealing member (SM). Since the space (SP) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2) is sealed by the sealing member (SM), external moisture, air, impurities, etc. may be prevented from penetrating into the space (SP). For example, the sealing member (SM) may include an organic material such as an epoxy resin.

[0062] Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of area A of Figure 2. Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of area B of Figure 3.

[0063] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the display device (10) may include the first substrate (SUB1), a buffer layer (BUF), a transistor (TR), a gate insulating layer (GI), an interlayer insulating layer (ILD), a via insulating layer (VIA), a pixel defining layer (PDL), a light emitting element (LD), a spacer (SPC), a capping layer (CPL), a light-shielding pattern (BP), and the second substrate (SUB2).

[0064] The above transistor (TR) may include an active pattern (ACT), a gate electrode (GE), a source electrode (SE), and a drain electrode (DE). The above light-emitting element (LD) may include a pixel electrode (PE), a light-emitting layer (EL), and a common electrode (CE).

[0065] The buffer layer (BUF) may be disposed on the first substrate (SUB1). The buffer layer (BUF) may prevent metal atoms or impurities from diffusing from the first substrate (SUB1) to the transistor (TR). In addition, the buffer layer (BUF) may improve the flatness of the surface of the first substrate (SUB1) when the surface of the first substrate (SUB1) is not uniform. The buffer layer (BUF) may be formed of silicon oxide (SiO). x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include inorganic substances such as these. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0066] The above active pattern (ACT) may be disposed on the buffer layer (BUF). The active pattern (ACT) may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region positioned between the source region and the drain region. The active pattern (ACT) may include a silicon semiconductor material or an oxide semiconductor material. Examples of the silicon semiconductor material may include amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, etc. Examples of the oxide semiconductor material may include indium gallium zinc oxide ("IGZO"), indium tin zinc oxide ("ITZO"), etc. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0067] The gate insulating layer (GI) may be disposed on the buffer layer (BUF). The gate insulating layer (GI) may sufficiently cover the active pattern (ACT) and may have a substantially flat upper surface without generating a step around the active pattern (ACT). Optionally, the gate insulating layer (GI) may cover the active pattern (ACT) and may be disposed along the profile of the active pattern (ACT) with a uniform thickness. The gate insulating layer (GI) may be formed of silicon oxide (SiO). x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon carbide (SiC) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ), silicon dioxide (SiO x C y ) may include inorganic substances such as these. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0068] The gate electrode (GE) may be disposed on the gate insulating layer (GI). The gate electrode (GE) may overlap the channel region of the active pattern (ACT) on a plane. The gate electrode (GE) may include a metal, an alloy, a conductive metal oxide, a metal nitride, etc. Examples of the metal may include silver (Ag), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), platinum (Pt), scandium (Sc), etc. Examples of the conductive metal oxide may include indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, etc. Examples of the metal nitride may include aluminum nitride (AlN). x ), tungsten nitride (WN x ), chromium nitride (CrN x ) etc. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0069] The interlayer insulating layer (ILD) may be disposed on the gate insulating layer (GI). The interlayer insulating layer (ILD) may sufficiently cover the gate electrode (GE) and may have a substantially flat upper surface without forming a step around the gate electrode (GE). Optionally, the interlayer insulating layer (ILD) may cover the gate electrode (GE) and may be disposed along the profile of the gate electrode (GE) with a uniform thickness. The interlayer insulating layer (ILD) may include an inorganic material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon oxycarbide. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0070] The source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may be disposed on the interlayer insulating layer (ILD). The source electrode (SE) may be connected to the source region of the active pattern (ACT) through a first contact hole penetrating the gate insulating layer (GI) and a first portion of the interlayer insulating layer (ILD). In addition, the drain electrode (DE) may be connected to the drain region of the active pattern (ACT) through a second contact hole penetrating the gate insulating layer (GI) and a second portion of the interlayer insulating layer (ILD). For example, each of the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE) may include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0071] Accordingly, the transistor (TR) including the active pattern (ACT), the gate electrode (GE), the source electrode (SE), and the drain electrode (DE) can be placed on the first substrate (SUB1).

[0072] The via insulation layer (VIA) may be disposed on the interlayer insulation layer (ILD). The via insulation layer (VIA) may sufficiently cover the source electrode (SE) and the drain electrode (DE). The via insulation layer (VIA) may include an organic material such as a phenolic resin, a polyacrylate resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, a siloxane resin, an epoxy resin, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0073] The pixel electrode (PE) may be disposed on the via insulating layer (VIA). The pixel electrode (PE) may be connected to the drain electrode (DE) through a contact hole penetrating the via insulating layer (VIA). The pixel electrode (PE) may include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination with each other. For example, the pixel electrode (PE) may function as an anode.

[0074] The pixel defining layer (PDL) may be disposed on the via insulating layer (VIA). The pixel defining layer (PDL) may cover at least a portion of the pixel electrode (PE). For example, the pixel defining layer (PDL) may cover an edge of the pixel electrode (PE). That is, an opening exposing at least a portion of an upper surface of the pixel electrode (PE) may be defined in the pixel defining layer (PDL). The pixel defining layer (PDL) may include an inorganic material and / or an organic material. For example, the pixel defining layer (PDL) may include an organic material such as an epoxy resin, a siloxane resin, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination with each other. As another example, the pixel defining layer (PDL) may include an inorganic material and / or an organic material containing a light-blocking material having a black color.

[0075] The spacer (SPC) may be disposed on the pixel defining layer (PDL). Specifically, the spacer (SPC) may protrude from the upper surface of the pixel defining layer (PDL) in a thickness direction (for example, in the third direction (DR3)). The spacer (SPC) may prevent display characteristics from being deteriorated by external impact. The spacer (SPC) may serve to maintain the space (SP) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2). In addition, the spacer (SPC) may serve to support a fine metal mask (FMM) used for depositing an organic light-emitting material. The spacer (SPC) may include an inorganic material and / or an organic material.

[0076] For example, the spacer (SPC) may be formed simultaneously with the pixel defining film (PDL) through the same process. In this case, the spacer (SPC) may include the same material as the pixel defining film (PDL). In another example, the spacer (SPC) may be formed through a separate process from the pixel defining film (PDL). In this case, the spacer (SPC) may include a different material from the pixel defining film (PDL) or may include the same material.

[0077] The above light-emitting layer (EL) may be disposed on the pixel electrode (PE). Specifically, the light-emitting layer (EL) may be disposed in the opening of the pixel defining layer (PDL). The light-emitting layer (EL) may include an organic light-emitting material that emits light of a preset color. For example, the light-emitting layer (EL) may include an organic light-emitting material that emits red light, green light, or blue light.

[0078] The common electrode (CE) may be disposed on the light-emitting layer (EL), the pixel defining layer (PDL), and the spacer (SPC). The common electrode (CE) may be a plate electrode. The common electrode (CE) may include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, or the like. These may be used alone or in combination with each other. For example, the common electrode (CE) may function as a cathode.

[0079] Accordingly, the light-emitting element (LD) including the pixel electrode (PE), the light-emitting layer (EL) and the common electrode (CE) can be placed on the first substrate (SUB1). The light-emitting element (LD) can be electrically connected to the transistor (TR).

[0080] The capping layer (CPL) may be disposed on the common electrode (CE). The capping layer (CPL) may protect the common electrode (CE). The capping layer (CPL) may include an organic insulating material and / or an inorganic insulating material.

[0081] In one embodiment, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may be disposed between the capping layer (CPL) and the second substrate (SUB2). Specifically, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may be disposed on one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) facing the first substrate (SUB1). The light-shielding pattern (BP) may contact each of the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) and the capping layer (CPL). In addition, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may overlap each of the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the spacer (SPC) on a plane. The light-shielding pattern (BP) may, together with the spacer (SPC), serve to maintain the space (SP) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2).

[0082] The above-mentioned light-shielding pattern (BP) may include a light-shielding material. For example, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may include a black matrix. The light-shielding pattern (BP) may absorb or block incident light (L1) incident from the outside through the second substrate (SUB2). In addition, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may absorb or block reflected light (L2) reflected by the pixel defining layer (PDL) from the incident light (L1).

[0083] When the light-shielding pattern (BP) is not arranged between the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the second substrate (SUB2), interference may occur between the reflected light (L2) reflected and emitted by the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the re-reflected light emitted after the reflected light (L2) is re-reflected by the second substrate (SUB2). At this time, due to the interference, a color shift of a rainbow spot may be recognized at a side viewing angle (θ). The viewing angle (θ) at which the color shift is recognized by the user may be about 60° or less. Here, the viewing angle (θ) may be defined as the maximum angle between the user's viewing direction and a normal vector of the upper surface of the second substrate (SUB2) that is parallel to the third direction (DR3). Here, the user's viewing direction may be a direction in which the user can view an image output from the display device (10) with a preset acceptable quality. That is, when the display device (10) is viewed from a vertical direction, the viewing angle (θ) can be approximately 0°.

[0084] On the other hand, when the light-shielding pattern (BP) is disposed between the pixel defining film (PDL) and the second substrate (SUB2), the light-shielding pattern (BP) absorbs or blocks the incident light (L1) and the reflected light (L2), thereby reducing coherence. That is, the color shift at the side viewing angle (θ) due to the interference can be effectively reduced.

[0085] At this time, the shading pattern (BP) can be arranged so that the color shift does not occur at the viewing angle (θ) of about 60°. In other words, the shading pattern (BP) can be arranged so that the color shift does not occur when the viewing angle (θ) of the light (L3) emitted to the outside by the reflected light (L2) being refracted by the second substrate (SUB2) is about 60°.

[0086] However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the viewing angle (θ) considered in the arrangement of the shading pattern (BP) may be varied. Optionally, when the display device (10) is used in a vehicle, the shading pattern (BP) may be arranged so that the color shift does not occur at the viewing angle (θ) of about 0° to about 10°.

[0087] In one embodiment, the distance (X) between the edge of one side (S2) of the light-shielding pattern (BP) facing the second substrate (SUB2) and the edge of one side (S3) of the pixel defining film (PDL) facing the second substrate (SUB2) may have a certain range. The distance (X) may satisfy the following mathematical expression 1.

[0088] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0089]

[0090] Here, D may be the distance between the one surface (S3) of the pixel defining film (PDL) and the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2), and θ may be the viewing angle. In addition, n1 may be the refractive index of the space (SP), n2 may be the refractive index of the second substrate (SUB2), and n3 may be the refractive index of the outside.

[0091] In one embodiment, when the space (SP) is in a vacuum state, the refractive index (n1) of the space (SP) may be the refractive index of the vacuum (e.g., about 1). In another embodiment, when the space (SP) is filled with the filler, the refractive index (n1) of the space (SP) may be the refractive index of the filler.

[0092] In one embodiment, the external refractive index (n3) may be the refractive index of the external air. That is, the external refractive index (n3) may be about 1.

[0093] For example, the space (SP) may be in a vacuum state, and the refractive index (n1) of the space (SP) may be about 1. The refractive index (n2) of the second substrate (SUB2) may be about 1.5, and the refractive index (n3) of the outside may be about 1. The viewing angle (θ) may be about 60°, and the distance (X) may be about 4 μm to about 6 μm. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0094] In addition, the width (W) of the one side (S2) of the shading pattern (BP) may satisfy the following mathematical expression 2. In this case, the width (W) of the shading pattern (BP) may be the length of the one side (S2) of the shading pattern (BP) in the second direction (DR2).

[0095] [Equation 2]

[0096]

[0097] Here, G may be the width of the one side (S3) of the pixel defining film (PDL), and X may be the distance between the edge of the one side (S2) of the light-shielding pattern (BP) facing the second substrate (SUB2) and the edge of the one side (S3) of the pixel defining film (PDL) facing the second substrate (SUB2).

[0098] At this time, the width (G) of the pixel defining film (PDL) may be the length of the one side (S3) of the pixel defining film (PDL) in the second direction (DR2), and the width (W) of the one side (S2) of the light-shielding pattern (BP) may be a positive number.

[0099] In one embodiment, the maximum width (e.g., the width (W) of the one side (S2)) of the shading pattern (BP) in the second direction (DR2) may be greater than the width of the spacer (SPC). In this case, the width of the spacer (SPC) may be the length of the spacer (SPC) in the second direction (DR2). However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Optionally, in another embodiment, the width (W) of the shading pattern (BP) may be less than or equal to the width of the spacer (SPC).

[0100] In addition, the sum of the thickness (L) of the shading pattern (BP) and the thickness (H) of the spacer (SPC) may be greater than about 3 μm and less than or equal to about 20 μm. At this time, the thickness (L) of the shading pattern (BP) and the thickness (H) of the spacer (SPC) may be the lengths of the shading pattern (BP) and the spacer (SPC) in the third direction (DR3), respectively. For example, the thickness (L) of the shading pattern (BP) may be about 1.2 μm to about 1.8 μm, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0101] By placing the light-shielding pattern (BP) between the spacer (SPC) and the second substrate (SUB2), the interference causing the color shift can be effectively reduced as the length of the space (SP) in the third direction (DR3) becomes relatively thicker.

[0102] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of Figure 3.

[0103] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, the display device (10) may include the first substrate (SUB1), the buffer layer (BUF), the transistor (TR), the gate insulating layer (GI), the interlayer insulating layer (ILD), the via insulating layer (VIA), the pixel defining film (PDL), the light emitting element (LD), the spacer (SPC), the capping layer (CPL), the light-shielding pattern (BP), and the second substrate (SUB2).

[0104] However, the display device (10) described with reference to FIG. 5 may be substantially the same as or similar to the display device (10) described with reference to FIG. 3, except for the spacer (SPC). Hereinafter, overlapping descriptions are omitted or simplified.

[0105] The buffer layer (BUF), the active pattern (ACT), the gate insulating layer (GI), the gate electrode (GE), the interlayer insulating layer (ILD), the source electrode (SE), the drain electrode (DE), the via insulating layer (VIA), the pixel electrode (PE), the pixel defining film (PDL), and the light-emitting layer (EL) can be sequentially arranged on the first substrate (SUB1).

[0106] The spacer (SPC) may be disposed on the pixel defining layer (PDL). In one embodiment, the spacer (SPC) may be disposed on some of the pixel defining layers (PDL). That is, the spacer (SPC) may overlap some of the pixel defining layers (PDL) on a plane, and may not overlap other parts of the pixel defining layers (PDL).

[0107] The common electrode (CE) may be disposed on the light-emitting layer (EL), the pixel defining film (PDL), and the spacer (SPC), and the capping layer (CPL) may be disposed on the common electrode (CE).

[0108] The above-mentioned shading pattern (BP) may be disposed between the capping layer (CPL) and the second substrate (SUB2). Specifically, the shading pattern (BP) may be disposed on the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) facing the first substrate (SUB1).

[0109] In one embodiment, some of the light-shielding patterns (BP) may overlap with each of the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the spacer (SPC) on a plane. Other some of the light-shielding patterns (BP) may overlap with the pixel defining layer (PDL) on a plane and may not overlap with the spacer (SPC). That is, the spacer (SPC) may overlap with at least one of the light-shielding patterns (BP) on a plane.

[0110] In other words, some of the shading patterns (BP) may be in contact with each of the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) and the capping layer (CPL). Other some of the shading patterns (BP) may be in contact with the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) and may not be in contact with the capping layer (CPL).

[0111] In the display device (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may be disposed on the second substrate (SUB2) so as to overlap the pixel-defining film (PDL) on a plane. The light-shielding pattern (BP) may block the incident light (L1) incident from the outside and the reflected light (L2) reflected by the pixel-defining film (PDL) from the incident light (L1). In addition, the thickness of the space (SP) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2) may increase. Accordingly, coherence may be reduced, and a rainbow-shaped color shift phenomenon recognized from a side viewing angle may be effectively improved.

[0112] Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II' of Fig. 6.

[0113] In the following, any content overlapping with the display device (10) described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 is omitted or simplified.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 6, the display device (20) may include a display area (DA) and a non-display area (NDA). The display area (DA) may be an area capable of displaying an image, and the non-display area (NDA) may be an area that does not display an image. A plurality of pixels (PX) may be arranged in the display area (DA), and driving units for driving the plurality of pixels (PX) may be arranged in the non-display area (NDA).

[0115] Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the display device (20) may include a first substrate (SUB1), a buffer layer (BUF), a transistor (TR), a gate insulating layer (GI), an interlayer insulating layer (ILD), a via insulating layer (VIA), a pixel defining layer (PDL), a light emitting element (LD), a spacer (SPC), a capping layer (CPL), a transmission pattern (TP), a light-shielding pattern (BP), and a second substrate (SUB2).

[0116] The above transistor (TR) may include an active pattern (ACT), a gate electrode (GE), a source electrode (SE), and a drain electrode (DE). The above light-emitting element (LD) may include a pixel electrode (PE), a light-emitting layer (EL), and a common electrode (CE).

[0117] The buffer layer (BUF), the active pattern (ACT), the gate insulating layer (GI), the gate electrode (GE), the interlayer insulating layer (ILD), the source electrode (SE), the drain electrode (DE), the via insulating layer (VIA), the pixel electrode (PE), the pixel defining layer (PDL), the spacer (SPC), the light-emitting layer (EL), the common electrode (CE), and the capping layer (CPL) may be sequentially arranged on the first substrate (SUB1).

[0118] In one embodiment, the transparent pattern (TP) may be disposed between the capping layer (CPL) and the second substrate (SUB2). Specifically, the transparent pattern (TP) may be disposed on one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) facing the first substrate (SUB1). For example, the transparent pattern (TP) may contact each of the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) and the capping layer (CPL). In addition, the transparent pattern (TP) may overlap each of the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the spacer (SPC) on a plane. The transparent pattern (TP) may, together with the spacer (SPC), serve to maintain a space (SP) between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2).

[0119] The above-described transmission pattern (TP) can transmit light. The above-described transmission pattern (TP) can transmit incident light (L1) incident from the outside through the second substrate (SUB2). In addition, the above-described transmission pattern (TP) can transmit light (L4) emitted to the outside from the light-emitting element (LD). In one embodiment, the above-described transmission pattern (TP) can include a transparent organic material.

[0120] The above-described shading pattern (BP) may be disposed on the above-described transparent pattern (TP). In one embodiment, the shading pattern (BP) may define an opening (OP) that can accommodate at least a portion of the spacer (SPC). The shading pattern (BP) may cover at least a portion of a side surface of the spacer (SPC) accommodated in the opening (OP). That is, at least a portion of each of the spacer (SPC), the common electrode (CE) disposed on the spacer (SPC), and the capping layer (CPL) disposed on the spacer (SPC) may fill the opening (OP). In addition, the opening (OP) may expose at least a portion of the transparent pattern (TP). The transparent pattern (TP) and the capping layer (CPL) may be in contact with each other in the opening (OP).

[0121] The above-mentioned light-shielding pattern (BP) may include a light-shielding material. For example, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may include a black matrix. The light-shielding pattern (BP) may absorb or block the incident light (L1) incident from the outside through the second substrate (SUB2) and the reflected light (L2) reflected by the pixel definition layer (PDL).

[0122] Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of Fig. 7.

[0123] Referring to FIGS. 6 and 8, the display device (20) may include the first substrate (SUB1), the buffer layer (BUF), the transistor (TR), the gate insulating layer (GI), the interlayer insulating layer (ILD), the via insulating layer (VIA), the pixel defining film (PDL), the light emitting element (LD), the spacer (SPC), the capping layer (CPL), the transmission pattern (TP), the light-shielding pattern (BP), and the second substrate (SUB2).

[0124] However, the display device (20) described with reference to Fig. 8 may be substantially the same as or similar to the display device (20) described with reference to Fig. 7, except for the spacer (SPC). Hereinafter, overlapping descriptions are omitted or simplified.

[0125] The buffer layer (BUF), the active pattern (ACT), the gate insulating layer (GI), the gate electrode (GE), the interlayer insulating layer (ILD), the source electrode (SE), the drain electrode (DE), the via insulating layer (VIA), the pixel electrode (PE), the pixel defining film (PDL), and the light-emitting layer (EL) can be sequentially arranged on the first substrate (SUB1).

[0126] The spacer (SPC) may be disposed on the pixel defining layer (PDL). In one embodiment, the spacer (SPC) may be disposed on some of the pixel defining layers (PDL). That is, the spacer (SPC) may overlap some of the pixel defining layers (PDL) on a plane, and may not overlap other parts of the pixel defining layers (PDL).

[0127] The common electrode (CE) may be disposed on the light-emitting layer (EL), the pixel defining film (PDL), and the spacer (SPC), and the capping layer (CPL) may be disposed on the common electrode (CE).

[0128] The above-mentioned transparent pattern (TP) may be arranged between the capping layer (CPL) and the second substrate (SUB2). Specifically, the above-mentioned transparent pattern (TP) may be arranged on the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) facing the first substrate (SUB1).

[0129] In one embodiment, some of the transmission patterns (TP) may overlap with each of the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the spacer (SPC) on a plane. Other some of the transmission patterns (TP) may overlap with the pixel defining layer (PDL) on a plane and may not overlap with the spacer (SPC). That is, the spacer (SPC) may overlap with at least one of the transmission patterns (TP) on a plane.

[0130] In other words, some of the above-described transmission patterns (TP) may be in contact with each of the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) and the capping layer (CPL). Others of the above-described transmission patterns (TP) may be in contact with the one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) and may not be in contact with the capping layer (CPL).

[0131] The above-described shading pattern (BP) may be arranged on the above-described transmission pattern (TP). The above-described shading pattern (BP) may define an opening (OP) that can accommodate at least a portion of the spacer (SPC). That is, the opening (OP) of the shading pattern (BP) may accommodate at least a portion of the spacer (SPC) that overlaps the transmission pattern (TP) on a plane. In other words, the spacer (SPC) may be accommodated in the opening (OP) of at least one of the shading patterns (BP). The above-described shading pattern (BP) may cover at least a portion of a side surface of the spacer (SPC) accommodated in the opening (OP).

[0132] In addition, the opening (OP) of the shading pattern (BP) can expose at least a portion of the transparent pattern (TP). When the transparent pattern (TP) and the spacer (SPC) overlap each other on a plane, the transparent pattern (TP) and the capping layer (CPL) can contact each other at the opening (OP).

[0133] In the display device (20) according to one embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting pattern (TP) and the light-blocking pattern (BP) may be arranged on the second substrate (SUB2) to overlap the pixel defining layer (PDL) on a plane. As the transmitting pattern (TP) transmits the light (L4) emitted from the light-emitting element (LD), a viewing angle can be secured when the light-emitting element (LD) emits light. In addition, as the light-blocking pattern (BP) blocks the incident light (L1) and the reflected light (L2), a rainbow-shaped color shift phenomenon recognized from a side viewing angle can be effectively improved.

[0134] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. For example, Fig. 9 may correspond to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 7.

[0135] In the following, any content overlapping with the display device (10) described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 is omitted or simplified.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 9, the display device (30) may include a first substrate (SUB1), a buffer layer (BUF), a transistor (TR), a gate insulating layer (GI), an interlayer insulating layer (ILD), a via insulating layer (VIA), a pixel defining layer (PDL), a spacer (SPC), a light emitting element (LD), a capping layer (CPL), a transmission pattern (TP), a light-shielding pattern (BP), and a second substrate (SUB2).

[0137] The above transistor (TR) may include an active pattern (ACT), a gate electrode (GE), a source electrode (SE), and a drain electrode (DE). The above light-emitting element (LD) may include a pixel electrode (PE), a light-emitting layer (EL), and a common electrode (CE).

[0138] The above-mentioned transmission pattern (TP) may be arranged between the capping layer (CPL) and one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) facing the first substrate (SUB1). In one embodiment, the transmission pattern (TP) may overlap each of the pixel defining film (PDL) and the spacer (SPC) on a plane.

[0139] The above-mentioned shading pattern (BP) may be disposed on the capping layer (CPL). The shading pattern (BP) may overlap the pixel defining layer (PDL) on a plane. The shading pattern (BP) may include a first shading pattern (BP1) and a second shading pattern (BP2).

[0140] The above first shading pattern (BP1) may overlap with the pixel defining film (PDL) on a plane and may not overlap with the spacer (SPC).

[0141] The second blocking pattern (BP2) may be disposed on the transparent pattern (TP). The second blocking pattern (BP2) may overlap the pixel defining layer (PDL) and the spacer (SPC) on a plane. The second blocking pattern (BP2) may define an opening (OP) that can accommodate at least a portion of the spacer (SPC) and expose at least a portion of the transparent pattern (TP). The second blocking pattern (BP2) may cover at least a portion of a side surface of the spacer (SPC) accommodated in the opening (OP).

[0142] The above-mentioned light-shielding pattern (BP) may include an organic light-shielding material and / or an inorganic light-shielding material. The light-shielding pattern (BP) may absorb or block incident light (L1) incident from the outside through the second substrate (SUB2). In addition, the light-shielding pattern (BP) may absorb or block reflected light (L2) reflected by the pixel defining layer (PDL) from the incident light (L1).

[0143] Fig. 10 may be a cross-sectional view showing another example of Fig. 9.

[0144] Referring to FIG. 10, the display device (30) may include the first substrate (SUB1), the buffer layer (BUF), the transistor (TR), the gate insulating layer (GI), the interlayer insulating layer (ILD), the via insulating layer (VIA), the pixel defining film (PDL), the light emitting element (LD), the capping layer (CPL), the low-reflection layer (LRL), and the second substrate (SUB2).

[0145] However, the display device (30) described with reference to Fig. 10 may be substantially the same as or similar to the display device (30) described with reference to Fig. 9, except for the low-reflection layer (LRL). Hereinafter, overlapping descriptions are omitted or simplified.

[0146] In one embodiment, the low-reflection layer (LRL) may be disposed between the capping layer (CPL) and the second substrate (SUB2). Specifically, the low-reflection layer (LRL) may be disposed on one surface (S1) of the second substrate (SUB2) facing the first substrate (SUB1). For example, the low-reflection layer (LRL) may have a multilayer structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated. The low-reflection layer (LRL) may reduce the reflectance of incident light (L1) incident from the outside.

[0147] In the display device (30) according to one embodiment of the present invention, either the light-shielding pattern (BP) or the low-reflection layer (LRL) may be disposed between the first substrate (SUB1) and the second substrate (SUB2). Accordingly, the rainbow-shaped color shift phenomenon recognized from a side viewing angle can be effectively improved.

[0148] Fig. 11 is a schematic drawing showing the exterior of a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a schematic drawing showing the interior space of the vehicle of Fig. 11.

[0149] Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, a vehicle (1000) may be a device that moves a transported object, such as a human, an object, an animal, etc., from a starting point to a destination. For example, the vehicle (1000) may include a three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle, construction equipment, a two-wheeled vehicle, a motorized device, a bicycle, a train running on a track, a ship running on the sea or a river, etc.

[0150] The above vehicle (1000) may include a body (100) and a chassis.

[0151] The body (100) forms the exterior of the vehicle (1000) and may define an interior space in which a driver and passengers ride. For example, the body (100) may include a front window glass (200), a bonnet, a roof panel, a rear panel, a trunk, etc. The chassis may include mechanical devices necessary for driving. For example, the chassis may include a power generation device, a power transmission device, a driving device, a steering device, a braking device, a suspension device, a transmission device, a fuel device, etc.

[0152] The above vehicle (1000) may include a cluster (310), a center fascia (320), a passenger seat dashboard (330), and a display device (40).

[0153] The above cluster (310) may be located in front of the steering wheel. The cluster (310) may be equipped with a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant temperature gauge, a fuel gauge, a turn signal indicator, a high beam indicator, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, an odometer, an automatic transmission selector indicator, a door open warning light, an engine oil warning light, a low fuel warning light, and the like.

[0154] The center fascia (320) may be adjacent to one side of the cluster (310). A control panel having a plurality of buttons for adjusting an audio device, an air conditioning device, and a seat heater may be placed on the center fascia (320).

[0155] The passenger seat dashboard (330) may be adjacent to one side of the center fascia (320). That is, the passenger seat dashboard (330) may be spaced apart from the cluster (310) with the center fascia (320) interposed therebetween. In one embodiment, the cluster (310) may be arranged corresponding to the driver's seat, and the passenger seat dashboard (330) may be arranged corresponding to the passenger seat.

[0156] The above display device (40) can be placed in the indoor space. The above display device (40) can correspond to the display devices (10, 20, 30) described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. That is, the above display device (40) can have a structure substantially identical to or similar to the above display devices (10, 20, 30) described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.

[0157] The display device (40) may be arranged in at least one of the cluster (310), the center fascia (320), and the passenger seat dashboard (330). In other words, the display device (40) may include at least one of a first display device (41) arranged in the cluster (310), a second display device (42) arranged in the center fascia (320), and a third display device (43) arranged in the passenger seat dashboard (330). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the arrangement of the display device (40) may be variously changed. Optionally, the display device (40) may be arranged in other components of the vehicle (1000), such as the front window glass (200), a rearview mirror, etc.

[0158] For example, the first display device (41) may be arranged on the cluster (310) to provide the driver with vehicle information, speed information, etc. The second display device (42) may be arranged on the center fascia (320) to provide map information, information regarding vehicle settings, etc. The third display device (43) may be arranged on the passenger dashboard (330) to provide entertainment information, etc. to the passenger. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the information provided by the first to third display devices (41, 42, 43) may be variously changed.

[0159] In one embodiment, the first to third display devices (41, 42, 43) can minimize light traveling toward the front window glass (200) so as not to obstruct the driver's forward driving field of vision. In addition, any one of the first to third display devices (41, 42, 43) can be switched between a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode.

[0160] In Fig. 12, the first to third display devices (41, 42, 43) are illustrated as being spaced apart from each other, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Optionally, in another embodiment, the first to third display devices (41, 42, 43) may be connected to each other.

[0161] The present invention can be applied to display devices and vehicles including such devices. For example, the present invention can be applied to high-resolution smartphones, mobile phones, smart pads, smart watches, tablet PCs, vehicle navigation systems, televisions, computer monitors, laptops, and the like.

[0162] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.

[0163] The present invention can be applied to display devices and vehicles including such devices. For example, the present invention can be applied to high-resolution smartphones, mobile phones, smart pads, smart watches, tablet PCs, vehicle navigation systems, televisions, computer monitors, laptops, and the like.

[0164] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.

[0165] <Explanation of symbols>

[0166] 10, 20, 30, 40: Display device

[0167] SUB1: First substrate

[0168] SUB2: Second substrate

[0169] PE: pixel electrode

[0170] PDL: Pixel Definition Layer

[0171] SPC: Spacer

[0172] SP: Space

[0173] BP: Shading pattern

[0174] TP: Transmission pattern

[0175] OP: Open mouth

[0176] SM: Sealing absence

[0177] 1000: Vehicle

[0178] 310: Cluster

[0179] 320: Center fascia

[0180] 330: Passenger side dashboard

Claims

1. First substrate; A pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate; A pixel defining film disposed on the first substrate and covering at least a portion of the pixel electrode; A second substrate disposed on the pixel defining film and spaced apart from the first substrate and the pixel defining film to define a space between the first substrate and the pixel defining film; and A display device including a light-blocking pattern disposed on one surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and overlapping the pixel defining film on a plane.

2. A display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (X) between the edge of one side of the pixel defining film facing the second substrate and the edge of one side of the light-shielding pattern facing the second substrate satisfies the following mathematical expression 1. [Mathematical Formula 1] (Wherein, D is the distance between the one side of the pixel definition film and the one side of the second substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the space, n2 is the refractive index of the second substrate, n3 is the refractive index of air, and θ is the viewing angle) 3. A display device according to claim 2, characterized in that the width (W) of one side of the light-shielding pattern satisfies the following mathematical expression 2. [Mathematical formula 2] (Wherein, G is the width of one side of the pixel definition film) 4. A display device according to claim 1, further comprising a spacer disposed between the pixel defining film and the light-blocking pattern.

5. A display device according to claim 4, characterized in that the sum of the thickness of the light-shielding pattern and the thickness of the spacer is greater than 3 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.

6. A display device according to claim 4, characterized in that the light-shielding patterns are plural, and the spacer overlaps at least one of the light-shielding patterns on a plane.

7. A display device according to claim 4, characterized in that the maximum width of the shading pattern is greater than the width of the spacer.

8. In the fourth paragraph, a light-emitting layer disposed on the pixel electrode; a common electrode disposed on the light-emitting layer, the pixel defining film and the spacer; and A display device characterized by further comprising a capping layer disposed on the common electrode.

9. A display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the light-shielding pattern includes a black matrix.

10. A display device according to claim 1, further comprising a sealing member disposed along an edge of each of the first substrate and the second substrate between the first substrate and the second substrate, and connecting the first substrate and the second substrate.

11. A display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second substrate includes a glass substrate.

12. A display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the space is an empty space.

13. A display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the space is filled with a filler.

14. The body defining the interior space; and Including a display device placed in the above indoor space, The above display device, 1st substrate; A pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate; A pixel defining film disposed on the first substrate and covering at least a portion of the pixel electrode; A spacer disposed on the pixel defining film; A second substrate disposed on the spacer and spaced apart from the first substrate and the spacer to define a space between the first substrate and the pixel defining film; A transparent pattern disposed on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate and overlapping the pixel defining film on a plane; and A vehicle comprising a shading pattern disposed on the above-described transmission pattern and defining an opening capable of accommodating at least a portion of the spacer.

15. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the shade pattern covers at least a portion of a side surface of the spacer.

16. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the shading patterns are plural, and the spacer is accommodated in the opening of at least one of the shading patterns.

17. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the transparent pattern includes a transparent organic material.

18. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the shading pattern includes a black matrix.

19. In the 14th paragraph, the display device, A vehicle further characterized by including a sealing member disposed along an edge of each of the first substrate and the second substrate between the first substrate and the second substrate, and connecting the first substrate and the second substrate.

20. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the second substrate comprises a glass substrate.

21. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the space is an empty space.

22. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the space is filled with a filler.

23. In paragraph 14, cluster; A center fascia adjacent to the above cluster; and Further including a passenger seat dashboard adjacent to the above center fascia, A vehicle characterized in that the display device is arranged on at least one of the cluster, the center fascia, and the passenger seat dashboard.

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