Multi-component power generation assembly (embodiments)

Abstract

A multi-component power generation assembly relates to nuclear and renewable energy production and comprises a wind turbine, a machinery compartment, a hollow tubular tower, and a base for said tower. A nuclear plant comprises a reactor assembly with a nuclear reactor and a sealed enclosure for said reactor assembly. The reactor assembly is disposed inside the inner cavity of the tower of the wind power generation assembly. The function of the sealed enclosure of the reactor assembly in terms of protecting operators and the general population against ionizing radiation is performed by a radiation shield in the form of an annular structure surrounding the nuclear reactor from the outside, opposite the reactor core. The functions of the sealed enclosure of the reactor assembly in terms of preventing the spread of radioactive substances beyond the sealed enclosure and also protecting the nuclear reactor against extreme external natural or manmade hazards is performed by the walls of the tower of the wind power generation assembly, together with additional partitions, a sealed air lock chamber, and sealed penetrations in the walls of the tower. The technical result consists in eliminating the need to erect a separate structure, the main purpose of which would be to perform the function of a sealed enclosure for preventing the spread of radioactive substances and protecting the reactor assembly against extreme external hazards.

Description

Multi-component power plant (options) Power plants that use renewable and nuclear energy sources to produce thermal or electrical energy A land-based nuclear power plant with an EPR reactor installation by AREVA is known / Status Report 78 – Evolutionary Power Reactor (EPR). [online] International Atomic Energy Agency 2011 [found 2023-01-06] Found in < IAEA's Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS), https: / aris.iaea.org / PDF / EPR.pdf>, sheet 35, section 9.2 / . The nuclear power plant consists of a reactor installation with a nuclear reactor, a hermetic enclosure for the nuclear reactor, storage facilities for fresh and spent nuclear fuel, structures that house equipment for safety systems and normal operation systems, a turbogenerator plant, and other structures and systems. The nuclear reactor and process systems connected to the reactor and containing radioactive substances are located inside the hermetic enclosure.The description shows a double reinforced concrete hermetic enclosure (containment - sheet 35); the inner shell is hermetic and holds radioactive substances that may escape from the reactor, and the outer protective shell protects the reactor and the inner hermetic shell from natural disasters (hurricane winds and objects flying with the wind, tornadoes, flooding, etc.) and damaging factors of man-made accidents (fall of aircraft, shock wave of explosions, etc.). The outer protective shell is not hermetic, but the contour of the outer protective shell is closed. Inclusion of a hermetic enclosure in the NPP safety systems leads to an increase in capital costs for the NPP construction. A land-based nuclear power plant with the AP1000 reactor plant is known / Status Report 81 – Advanced Passive Pressurized Water Reactor (AP 1000) [online] International Atomic Energy Agency 2011 [found 2023-01-06] Found in < IAEA's Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS), https: / aris.iaea.org / PDF / AP1000.pdf>, sheet 13, section 3.2.4 / . The design implements a double hermetic enclosure (containment), with the inner hermetic shell made of metal, and the outer protective shell made of reinforced concrete. A land-based NPP with an APR1400 reactor plant is known / Status Report - APR1400 (KEPCO E&C / KHNP) [online] International Atomic Energy Agency 2020 [found 2023-01-06] Found in < IAEA's Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS), https: / aris.iaea.org / PDF / APR1400_2020May.pdf>, Sheet 8, Section 1.3 / . The description (Sheet 8) presents a single hermetic containment: a cylindrical vessel with a hemispherical dome, made of reinforced concrete, with a sealing metal lining of the inner surface. The single hermetic containment is made hermetic and resistant to external natural and man-made influences. The NuScale low-power nuclear reactor with an integral layout and a passive heat removal system is known / NuScale energy modular scalable reactor [online] International Atomic Energy Agency 2013 [found 2023-01-06] Found in < IAEA's Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS), https: / aris.iaea.org / PDF / NuScale.pdf> / . The core and main equipment of the primary circuit of this reactor (a heat exchanger for transferring heat from the primary coolant to the secondary working fluid, a primary coolant volume compensator, and other elements) are located inside a common reactor vessel. The reactor is housed in a compact metal sealed shell (containment), which is surrounded on the outside by a heat absorber (for example, water). In the event of an accident with the release of the coolant of the first circuit into the internal space of the sealed shell, the metal wall of the shell ensures the transfer of heat from inside the shell to the absorber located outside.The reactor vessel outer diameter is 2830 mm. The sealed shell outer diameter is 4600 mm. Known floating nuclear thermal and electric power station with reactor units KLT-40S / KLT-40S [online] International Atomic Energy Agency [found 2023-04-02] Found in<IAEA's Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS), https: / aris.iaea.org / PDF / KLT-40S.pdf> / . The station is designed as a non-self-propelled vessel. The vessel houses 2 reactor units and, accordingly, 2 nuclear reactors. Each reactor unit is placed in an individual hermetic enclosure (a metal hermetic shell). A floating nuclear power plant is known / patent RU 2188466 C2 (FSUE "St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau "Malakhit"), 27.08.2002, points 1,3 of the formula, drawings / . The patent describes the placement of a nuclear reactor inside a cylindrical container with spherical ends; the said container, together with the walls of the strong hull of the floating power unit, performs the function of a hermetic enclosure of the reactor installation. There are wind power plants that include a wind turbine (with a horizontal or vertical axis of rotation), a machine room (a box-shaped structure with a power frame, inside which the wind turbine rotor support, electric generator, necessary control systems, cooling, lubrication, etc. are located), a base and other systems and elements. The base of the wind power plant can be located on the ground surface (or on the surface of the bottom of a reservoir) with the required depth, or be floating (in the form of one float or several floats connected to each other). If the axis of rotation of the wind turbine is close to the horizontal, then the wind power plant uses a tower, on top of which the machine room is installed. The most common tower design is a hollow tubular structure of a cylindrical shape, or a truncated cone, or telescopic.For example, the Haliade-X wind turbine from GE Renewable Energy / GE Haliade-X 12 MW Offshore Wind Turbine [online] [found 2023-01-06] Found in <4C Offshore website, https: / www.4coffshore.com / windfarms / turbine-ge-energy-haliade-x-12-mw-tid260.html / . The specified wind turbine includes a hollow tubular tower in the shape of a truncated cone with a diameter of about 8 m at the bottom and about 6 meters at the top. The height of the tower is up to 130 m. The total weight of the machine room with the wind turbine, which is installed on the tower, is about 700 tons. Thus, the tower of a high-power wind turbine is characterized by a significant diameter and height, therefore it has an internal cavity of significant volume, surrounded by high-strength walls. A wind turbine tower is known / patent WO / 2002 / 038890 (MALISZEWSKI, Leonard, P.), 2002-05-16, abstract, drawings / , consisting of hollow tubular elements of cylindrical or truncated cone shape, connected to each other by flange joints. Solid walls of the tower create a cavity inside the tower, isolated from the environment on the side, but there is no partition on the upper end of the tower. A wind turbine tower is known / patent US 20090169393 A1 (General Electric Company), 2009-07-02, claims 1,2, drawings / , in which hollow tubular segments of the tower are connected to each other by engaging protrusions and depressions on conical mating surfaces, as well as by an adhesive composition (glue layer) in the gap between the mating surfaces. This method of connecting segments allows sealing the joints of the segments. A wind turbine tower is known / patent WO2005015013 A1 (General Electric Company), 2003-08-09, abstract, drawings / , the upper part of which is a hollow cylindrical or conical metal pipe; the lower part of the tower is a hollow reinforced concrete pipe of cylindrical shape; the upper part of the tower is embedded in the concrete of the lower part using protruding elements. A method for reducing loads on the wind turbine orientation system is known / patent EP 3343027 B1 (NORDEX ENERGY SPAIN SA), 2018-07-04 Description paragraph

[0042] , drawings 1,2 / . From figure 2 in the patent it can be seen that the engine room (nacelle) rests on a bearing which is secured to a flange mounted on the upper end of the hollow tubular tower. The bearing allows the engine room to rotate around a vertical axis. From the drawings in the patent it can be seen that the design of the engine room fastening unit to the upper end of the tower does not ensure isolation of the inner cavity of the tower from the inner cavity of the engine room and from the environment. A method for constructing a reinforced concrete base for a tubular wind turbine tower is known / patent US20170306583 (Ahmed Phuly), 2017-10-26, claim 6, drawing 26 / . From the description of the patent and the drawings, it is clear that the tower is connected to the base by connecting the tower flange to the mating flange included in the base, using bolts or studs. A method for obtaining and using hydrocarbon fuel is known / patent RU 2606948 (Sirota V. A.) 10.01.2017, description, formula / . The patent describes the placement of equipment that implements a comprehensive technology for obtaining hydrocarbon fuel, as well as an object that burns hydrocarbon fuel, inside the building volume of a support tower of a wind turbine. The purpose of placing the said equipment inside the tower volume is to reduce the area of ​​the production site outside the tower. A floating wind power plant is known / patent WO2009036107A2 (Yih-Ho Michael Pao), 2009-03-19, drawing 7A / , which includes a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation. The floating base consists of several hollow floating columns connected to each other by crossbars into a single structure. The hollow columns provide buoyancy to the entire plant. The wind turbine's machine room is located inside the central hollow column. The plant does not include a tower. A method for constructing, assembling and transporting a floating platform for a wind turbine is known / patent CA2976943 (VISELLI, ANTHONY M.), 2016-09-01, claim 2, drawing 2 / . From the description and drawings to the patent, it is clear that the floating platform consists of several hollow floating columns connected to each other into a single structure using a jumper. A wind turbine tower is installed on the central column. The axis of rotation of the wind turbine is close to the horizontal, so the tower is used as part of the installation. A floating platform for a wind turbine is known / patent WO2009131826 (RODDIER, Dominique), 2009-10-29, claim 1, drawing 6 / , consisting of three hollow floating columns connected by beams into a single structure. The columns are partially submerged in water. To ensure the stability of the wind turbine, the cavities inside the columns are partially filled with ballast (water). The wind turbine tower is installed on one of the columns. Table 2 of the patent description indicates the diameter and height of the floats of the floating base: 9 m and 30 m, respectively. A wind power plant is known, consisting of a floating base and two wind turbines installed on this base / patent WO 2011 / 120521 A1 (UGGEN, Per), 2011-10-06, abstract, drawing 1 / . The base is a semi-submerged float. A tubular foundation for a wind turbine buried in the ground is known: (patent CN208395851, CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES, 2019.01.18). The foundation is made of prestressed reinforced concrete. The foundation has an internal cylindrical cavity with a diameter close to the diameter of the lower part of the wind turbine tower, and walls of considerable thickness. A wind turbine base is known, which includes an extended pipe with a vertical axis (patent US20200263380, Dongyuan Wang, 2020.08.20). The pipe is made of reinforced concrete; inside the pipe there is a cavity with a diameter close to the diameter of the lower part of the wind turbine tower. Thus, the base of the wind turbine tower can have an internal cavity of considerable size, surrounded by high-strength walls. In the case of a land base, this is possible if the base includes a hollow reinforced concrete cup (or pipe); in the case of a floating base, the cavity inside one of the floats has the specified properties. A hybrid energy turbine is known / patent US 8330296 B2 (CANDEW SCIENTIFIC LLC), 2012-12-11, abstract, drawings / , using renewable energy sources (wind and solar), in which solar photovoltaic elements are placed on the outer surface of the wind turbine tower. This made it possible to exclude separately standing supports of photovoltaic elements from the hybrid energy plant and to reduce the area of ​​the land plot required for placing the hybrid plant. Thus, in the specified hybrid turbine, the multi-purpose use of an element (namely, a tower) is implemented, originally intended to perform one specific function as part of an energy plant of a certain type. A hybrid energy system is known / patent WO 2020 / 210837 A3 (TERRAPOWER LLC) 2020-10-15; paragraph

[0157] , paragraph

[0218] / , comprising a nuclear thermal power plant, a thermal energy storage facility, a thermal energy to electrical energy conversion unit and additional sources of renewable thermal energy, including solar and wind energy, connected to the thermal energy storage facility. In this system, electrical energy is produced using thermal energy accumulated in the storage facility. The storage facility accumulates thermal energy produced by various sources (a nuclear reactor, a solar collector, a wind turbine) in the form of a reserve of liquid coolant heated to a high temperature at low pressure. In the Description section (line

[0157] , paragraph 1) of the said patent notes that the energy system includes a nuclear reactor, the thermal energy from which is supplied to a single thermal energy storage facility. In the “Description” section (line

[0218] , paragraph 62) of the said patent notes that the energy system may include a wind thermal power station, the energy from which also enters a single storage facility. Thus, the joint use of various energy sources is ensured with the ability to accumulate and store thermal energy in a single storage facility. The said system provides that the nuclear reactor, thermal energy storage facility and wind thermal power station are located on a common production site, but are geographically remote from each other. This system is the closest analogue for both variants of the proposed invention. Technical problem of the prototype, the solution of which is provided by the implementation or use of the invention One of the disadvantages of the closest analogue (a hybrid energy system according to patent WO 2020210837) is the high capital costs of constructing a nuclear power plant with a nuclear reactor; moreover, one of the most expensive capital buildings of the NPP is a hermetic enclosure of the reactor installation with a nuclear reactor. The solution described in the closest analogue provides for the placement of the reactor installation on a separate site, isolated from other elements of the energy system. On the specified separate site, a hermetic enclosure should be erected around the reactor installation; it will be a separate structure and will perform only those functions that are necessary to ensure the safety of the NPP: preventing the release of radioactive substances into the environment, protecting the reactor installation from external natural and man-made impacts, protecting personnel and the population from ionizing radiation.The hermetic enclosure is characterized by high material consumption and long construction time, and, accordingly, will require significant capital expenditures. The need to bear these costs leads to a deterioration in the financial and economic indicators of the hybrid energy system and negatively affects its competitiveness. Thus, the technical problem of the closest analogue is the need to build a separate hermetic enclosure of the reactor installation, which performs only those specific functions that are necessary to ensure the safety of the NPP. While maintaining traditional design solutions for the hermetic enclosure of the reactor facility, a significant reduction in capital investments for its construction is practically impossible. All known reserves for reducing costs that could be found in the area of ​​improving the design, materials used in the design, and construction technologies have already been used. The objective of the invention is to reduce the costs of constructing a multi-component power plant. The object, which is the subject of the invention: a multi-component power plant, the components of which are energy sources of various types, wherein among the components there is at least one wind power plant, and among the components there is at least one nuclear power plant with a nuclear power reactor. The combination of the two specified types of plants in the multi-component power plant allows solving the problem of instability of the wind power plant output. The AS, operating in the power maneuvering mode, will ensure balancing of the unstable output of the wind power plant, i.e. when the wind speed decreases and the corresponding reduction in the output of the wind generator, the AS is transferred to a higher power level, maintaining the total capacity of the multi-component power plant. When implementing this approach, energy storage systems will not be required. The wind power plant includes a wind turbine, a machine room, a base, and an energy conversion system. Also, if the axis of rotation of the wind turbine is close to the horizontal, the wind power plant includes a hollow tubular tower, on the upper end of which the machine room is installed. If the axis of rotation of the wind turbine is close to the vertical, the tower may not be used in the wind power plant; in this case, the machine room is located on the base or in the internal cavity of the base. It is known from the state of the art that the tower of a modern high-power wind turbine is a cylindrical or conical pipe, has a large diameter (up to 10 m at the base) and strong walls, usually made of metal or reinforced concrete. It is also known from the state of the art that the foundation of a modern high-power wind turbine can be ground-based or floating. In both cases, the foundation can have large internal cavities surrounded by strong walls, usually made of metal or reinforced concrete. A nuclear power plant includes a reactor installation with a nuclear reactor, a protective sealed enclosure for the reactor installation, storage facilities for fresh and spent nuclear fuel, a turbogenerator installation, and safety systems. The IAEA Safety Standard, Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design (No. SSR-2 / 1 (Rev. 1)) sets out a requirement for the reactor containment system (Requirement No. 54): “A containment system shall be provided that provides or contributes to the following safety functions at the nuclear power plant: (1) confinement of radioactive materials during operational and accident conditions; (2) protection of the reactor from external natural events and man-made events; and (3) radiation protection during operational and accident conditions.” Clause 21 of the regulatory document of the Russian Federation “Rules for the Design and Operation of Localizing Safety Systems of Nuclear Power Plants” (NP-010-16) (Approved by the Order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated February 24, 2016 No. 70 “On approval of federal norms and rules in the field of atomic energy use “Rules for the Design and Operation of Localizing Safety Systems of Nuclear Power Plants”, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 25, 2016 No. 41574) sets out the requirements for a hermetic enclosure: “The hermetic enclosure must be capable of performing the following functions during normal operation of the NPP and its disturbances, including accidents: - prevention or limitation of the spread of released radioactive substances beyond the boundaries of the hermetic enclosure; - protection of personnel and the population from ionizing radiation; - protection from external natural and man-made impacts in cases provided for by the NPP design, located inside the hermetic enclosure of systems and elements, the failure of which may lead to the release of radioactive substances beyond the limits established by the NPP design in quantities exceeding the established safe operating limits" From the above requirements of the regulatory documents it is evident that the definition of the functions of the hermetic enclosure, set out in the IAEA safety standard SSR-2 / 1 (Rev. 1) and in the Russian regulatory document NP-010-16, are identical. The hermetic enclosure is intended to ensure the safety functions of the NPP. The third safety function of the hermetic enclosure - to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation of the nuclear reactor - is performed by radiation protection, made in the form of a ring structure, encircling the reactor from the outside opposite the active zone, containing substances that moderate and absorb neutrons well, and also absorb gamma radiation well. The technical solution for the use of the above radiation protection to perform the function of the hermetic enclosure to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation is used in most implemented NPP projects. It is envisaged that the above radiation protection will be manufactured and installed in the design position using traditional technology. In terms of performing the safety function of the hermetic enclosure to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation, this application for an invention does not contain any novelty. The creation of multi-component power plants, including energy sources of different nature (based on the use of wind energy, on the use of nuclear energy), located on a common production site, makes it possible to use elements, initially intended to perform one specific function as part of a power plant of a certain type, for multiple purposes. The implementation of such an approach will allow excluding from the composition of a multi-component power plant some elements, traditional for projects of separately constructed power plants. This will reduce the total capital costs for the construction of a multi-component power plant. In variant 1 of the invention, it is proposed to place a nuclear reactor in the internal cavity of a wind turbine tower and seal said cavity using the necessary partitions, a sealed airlock and sealed penetrations, which will ensure the performance of the two safety functions of the sealed enclosure specified in the technical result. The third safety function of the hermetic enclosure - to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation of the nuclear reactor - is performed by radiation protection of a traditional design, manufactured and constructed using traditional technology. In terms of performing the third safety function of the hermetic enclosure, the present application for an invention does not contain any novelty. Placing power generating equipment inside a wind turbine tower is not a new solution; it is known from the state of the art / patent RU 2606948 (Sirota V.A.). 10.01.2017 / . The design of a typical wind turbine tower is such that the cavity inside the tower is not a sealed volume. As a rule, this cavity communicates with the cavity inside the wind turbine engine room, and both of these cavities are not isolated from the atmosphere, since the sealing of these cavities is not required for normal operation of the wind turbine. However, if a reactor installation with a nuclear reactor is placed in the internal cavity of a wind turbine tower, and the walls of the wind turbine tower must become part of the boundary preventing the spread of radioactive substances into the environment, as well as protecting the reactor installation from external natural and man-made impacts, then the internal cavity of the tower in which the reactor installation is placed must be hermetically sealed from the atmosphere. This will require additional partitions that are not included in a typical wind turbine tower, in a quantity necessary and sufficient to ensure the tightness of the cavity inside the said tower in which the reactor installation is located; will require sealed penetrations in the tower wall for pipelines and electric cables penetrating the tower wall and connecting the reactor installation with the nuclear power plant systems located outside the sealed enclosure; will require a sealed airlock penetrating the tower wall, necessary for the technical maintenance and repair of the reactor installation (one or more; for example, one for transporting cargo, the second for personnel passage). Will also require elements sealing the joints between the wind turbine tower walls and the said partitions, penetrations and airlock; it is assumed that the said elements are an integral part of the corresponding partitions, airlocks and penetrations.The specified additional partitions, sealed passages and gateway are necessary to achieve the technical result of the invention. The implementation of variant 1 of the invention is shown in the drawings of Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. In order to perform nuclear fuel reloading and maintenance and repair of the nuclear reactor and systems connected to the reactor, periodic access of personnel and delivery of cargo inside the hermetic enclosure must be ensured. To provide access to the interior of the hermetic enclosure, a hermetic airlock is included in its composition (see drawing Fig. 1). The airlock chamber penetrates the wall of the wind turbine tower; the airlock chamber is equipped with two hermetic doors: one door separates the airlock chamber from the interior of the hermetic enclosure, the other door separates the airlock chamber from the environment. When moving people or cargo through the airlock, the airlock doors open alternately; the airlock doors never open simultaneously. When placing a reactor in the internal cavity of a wind turbine tower, various options for constructing a hermetic enclosure around the reactor are possible. If the reactor is located in the internal cavity of the wind turbine tower, and it is necessary to create a single hermetic enclosure around the reactor, it can be formed: - from the walls of the wind turbine tower, hermetic partitions installed inside the tower below the reactor and above the reactor, a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of the tower, as well as hermetic penetrations in the walls of the tower; the connection points of the tower segments between themselves, with the partitions, with the airlock and hermetic penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding - see drawing Fig. 1; - from the walls of the wind turbine tower, a solid tower base plate, a sealed partition installed inside the tower above the reactor, a sealed airlock penetrating the tower wall, as well as sealed penetrations in the tower walls; the connection points of the tower segments between themselves, with the tower base plate, with the partition, with the airlock and sealed penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding - see drawing. As can be seen from the state of the art, the design and dimensions of modern wind turbine towers are such that their internal cavity can accommodate both a low-power nuclear reactor (e.g., NuScale) and the said nuclear reactor together with its hermetic shell (a compact hermetic vessel surrounding the reactor). In the case of accommodating both the nuclear reactor itself and its hermetic shell inside the tower, the resulting hermetic enclosure will be double, with the outer protective shell being formed by the tower wall and other necessary additional sealing elements (partitions, hermetic gateway, hermetic penetrations for pipelines and electric cables). The possibility of implementing a double hermetic enclosure and the requirements for such an enclosure are provided for by the IAEA safety standard No. SSG-53 "Design of the reactor containment and associated systems for nuclear power plants" (p. 1.3, 4.33, 4.218, 5.13), as well as the regulatory document of the Russian Federation NP-010-16 "Rules for the design and operation of localizing safety systems for nuclear power plants" (p. 27). In order to ensure the reloading of nuclear fuel, maintenance and repair of the nuclear reactor, it will be necessary to periodically depressurize the lid of the inner sealed shell and dismantle it in order to gain access to the reactor, and only after this will it be possible to depressurize and dismantle the lid of the nuclear reactor. During periods when the inner sealed shell and the reactor vessel are depressurized and their lids are dismantled, the outer protective shell remains the only barrier preventing the release of radioactive substances from the primary circuit into the environment, and also protecting the reactor from external natural and man-made impacts. During these periods of time, the outer protective shell performs both functions of the hermetic enclosure specified in the technical result; therefore, the outer protective shell is also hermetic. If the nuclear reactor and its hermetic shell are located in the internal cavity of the wind turbine tower, then the outer protective shell can be formed: - from the walls of the wind turbine tower, two partitions installed inside the tower above and below the internal sealed shell, a sealed airlock penetrating the tower wall, as well as sealed penetrations in the tower wall; the connection points of the tower segments between themselves, with the partitions, with the airlock and sealed penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding - see drawing; - from the walls of the wind turbine tower, a solid tower base plate, a sealed partition installed inside the tower above the internal sealed shell, a sealed airlock penetrating the tower wall, as well as sealed penetrations in the tower wall; the connection points of the tower segments between themselves, with the partition, with the tower base plate, with the airlock and sealed penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding - see drawing. In variant 2 of the invention, it is proposed to place a nuclear reactor in the internal cavity of the base of a wind power plant and seal said cavity using the necessary partitions, a sealed airlock and sealed penetrations, which will ensure the performance of the two safety functions of the sealed enclosure specified in the technical result. The third safety function of the hermetic enclosure - to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation of the nuclear reactor - is performed by radiation protection of a traditional design, manufactured and constructed using traditional technology. In terms of performing the third safety function of the hermetic enclosure, the present application for an invention does not contain any novelty. The placement of power generating equipment in the internal cavity of the wind turbine base is not a new solution; it is known from the state of the art / patent WO2009036107A2 (Yih-Ho Michael Pao), 2009-03-19, drawing 7A / . The base of the wind turbine can be floating or land-based. Both types of bases can have an internal cavity, the dimensions of which are sufficient to accommodate a nuclear reactor. The designs of known wind turbine bases are such that the cavity inside the base may not be hermetically sealed with respect to the atmosphere. The cavity inside the base may communicate with the atmosphere either directly or through the internal cavities of the wind turbine tower and the wind turbine engine room installed on the tower. In the case of a floating base consisting of floats, the cavities inside the floats may communicate with the water body through the pipelines of the ballast pumping and pumping system inside the floats. However, if a reactor installation with a nuclear reactor is placed in the internal cavity of the wind turbine base, and the walls of the wind turbine base that form the said cavity must become part of the boundary that prevents the spread of radioactive substances into the environment, as well as protects the reactor installation from external natural and man-made impacts, then the internal cavity of the base in which the reactor installation is placed must be hermetically sealed from the atmosphere. This will require additional partitions that are not included in the wind turbine base, in a quantity necessary and sufficient to ensure the tightness of the cavity inside the base in which the reactor installation is located; will require sealed penetrations in the wall of the base for pipelines and electric cables penetrating the wall of the base and connecting the reactor installation with the nuclear power plant systems located outside the sealed enclosure; will require a sealed airlock penetrating the wall of the base, necessary for the technical maintenance and repair of the reactor installation (one or more; for example, one for transporting cargo, the second for personnel passage). Will also require elements that seal the joints between the walls of the wind turbine base and the said partitions, penetrations and airlock; it is assumed that the said elements are an integral part of the corresponding partitions, airlocks and penetrations.The specified additional partitions, sealed passages and gateway are necessary to achieve the technical result of the invention. The implementation of variant 2 of the invention is shown in the drawings, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12. In terms of the technical result in relation to a multi-component power plant with a wind turbine on a floating base, the following should be noted. The use of a floating base for a wind turbine implies that a section of the water surface of a deep-water body of water is used as a common production site for the placement of a multi-component power plant, where a wind turbine base resting on the bottom of the body of water cannot be used. The floating base is made in the form of one or more pontoons (or floats). To implement the declared multi-component power plant on the surface of a reservoir using the traditional approach, it will be necessary to place a floating nuclear power plant (i.e. a nuclear power plant similar to the one declared in patent RU 2188466 C2 (FSUE "St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau "Malakhit"), 27.08.2002) next to the floating wind turbine. In accordance with variant 2 of the present invention, it is necessary to place the reactor installation with a nuclear reactor in the internal cavity of the floating base of the wind turbine and to seal the said cavity using additional partitions, sealed penetrations and a sealed airlock. In this case, the walls of the floating base of the wind turbine together with the additional partitions, airlock and penetrations will perform the function of a sealed enclosure to prevent the spread of emitted radioactive substances beyond the boundaries of the sealed enclosure, as well as the function of a sealed enclosure to protect the reactor installation from external extreme natural and man-made impacts. When implementing such a solution, there will be no need to create a separate structure, the main purpose of which will be to perform the two specified functions of a hermetic enclosure, and for the placement of which a place on a separate vessel will be required. Due to this, the technical result of the invention will be achieved. In this case, a separate vessel on which the remaining NPP systems (turbo generator, safety systems, etc.) will be placed may be retained as part of the floating multi-component power plant, but the dimensions of this vessel, its displacement and metal content will be significantly smaller compared to a full-fledged floating NPP (the one declared in patent RU 2188466 C2 (FSUE "St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau "Malakhit"), 27.08.2002). It is also possible to place the turbo generator and other NPP systems in the internal cavities of other floats that are part of the floating base of the wind turbine, if the number and dimensions of the floats allow it. In this case, a separate vessel for placing the NPP equipment will be completely excluded. The variant with the placement of the nuclear reactor in the internal cavity of the floating base of the wind turbine is shown in the drawings. The floating base of the wind turbine tower is several floats connected to each other. The float inside which the reactor is placed is semi-submerged (i.e. part of the float will be submerged in water, and part will protrude above the water level). Access to the sealed cavity inside the float, in which the nuclear reactor is placed, from the environment is provided using a sealed gateway that penetrates the side wall of the float in its above-water part. In the case of a floating base for a wind turbine, it is optimal to create a base of four floats connected to each other. The first float will house a nuclear reactor and systems directly connected to the 1st circuit, the second float will house a steam turbine with a turbine condenser and an electric generator, the third will house equipment for distributing electric power to the shore, and the fourth will house equipment for normal operation systems and safety systems, tanks with reserves of process media of the 1st and 2nd circuits. The distribution of the NPP equipment among the floats can be performed similarly to the distribution of the equipment of a nuclear power plant among the compartments of a nuclear icebreaker or a floating nuclear power plant. If a tower is used as part of a floating wind power plant (this is necessary in the case of a horizontal axis wind turbine), it rests on one of the floats - see the drawing. If a tower is not used as part of a wind power plant (this is possible in the case of a vertical axis wind turbine), then the upper part of the third or fourth float (the floats are numbered in the previous paragraph) houses the wind power plant's engine room (see the drawing). If the nuclear reactor is located in the base of a ground-based wind turbine, the base of the wind turbine includes a hollow reinforced concrete cup (or pipe) partially immersed in the ground (see drawing). The nuclear reactor is placed in the internal cavity of the said cup (or pipe). The said cavity must be sealed using partitions, sealed penetrations and a gateway. Access to the sealed cavity inside the said cup (or pipe), in which the nuclear reactor is located, from the environment is provided using a sealed gateway that penetrates the side wall of the cup (pipe) at ground level. When placing a nuclear reactor in the internal cavity of a wind turbine base, various options for constructing a hermetic enclosure around the reactor are possible. If the reactor is placed in the internal cavity of a floating or land-based wind turbine base, and it is required to create a single hermetic enclosure around the reactor, it can be formed from the walls of the wind turbine base, hermetic partitions installed inside the said base below the reactor and above the reactor, as well as a hermetic airlock and hermetic penetrations penetrating the wall of the said base; the joints of the base walls with the partitions, airlock and penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding (see drawing 6 – placement of the reactor in the cavity of the floating base, drawing – placement of the reactor in the cavity of the land-based base). If the wind turbine engine room is located on top of a hollow tubular tower that rests on the wind turbine base, and the internal cavity of the wind turbine base, in which the nuclear reactor is located, and the internal cavity of the said tower are adjacent to each other, then a variant of combining the said cavities of the tower and base into a single cavity can be implemented. In this case, a single hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor will be formed from the walls of the said tower and base, limiting the combined cavity, partitions inside the tower, partitions inside the cavity in the wind turbine base below the reactor, a hermetic airlock and hermetic penetrations penetrating the wall of the said base; the connection nodes of the tower and the base between themselves, as well as with the said partitions, with the airlock and with the penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding (see drawings).If the base of the wind turbine is floating and consists of several floats, in order to form a combined cavity, the wind turbine tower must be installed on the float inside which the nuclear reactor is located (see drawing). As can be seen from the state of the art, the design and dimensions of modern wind turbine bases are such that their internal cavity can accommodate both a low-power nuclear reactor (e.g., NuScale) and the said nuclear reactor together with its hermetic shell (a compact hermetic vessel surrounding the reactor). In the case of accommodating both the nuclear reactor itself and its hermetic shell inside the wind turbine base, the resulting hermetic enclosure will be double, with the outer protective shell being formed by the walls of the wind turbine base and additional partitions, hermetic penetrations and a hermetic airlock (see drawings, 11 – variant with a floating wind turbine base, drawing – variant with a land-based wind turbine base). In order to ensure the reloading of nuclear fuel, maintenance and repair of the nuclear reactor, it will be necessary to periodically depressurize the lid of the inner sealed shell and dismantle it in order to gain access to the reactor, and only then will it be possible to depressurize and dismantle the lid of the nuclear reactor. During periods when the inner sealed shell and the reactor vessel are depressurized (and their lids are dismantled), the outer protective shell remains the only barrier preventing the release of radioactive substances from the primary circuit into the environment. During these periods of time, the outer protective shell performs both functions of the hermetic enclosure specified in the technical result; therefore, the outer protective shell is also hermetic. The hermetic outer protective shell of the double hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor can be formed from the walls of the wind turbine base, two hermetic partitions installed inside the cavity in the wind turbine base below and above the inner hermetic shell, a hermetic airlock and hermetic penetrations penetrating the wall of the said base; the connection nodes of the base with the said partitions, with the airlock and with the penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding (see drawings, 11 - option with a floating wind turbine base, drawing - option with a land-based wind turbine base). If the wind turbine engine room is located on top of a hollow tubular tower that rests on the wind turbine base, and the internal cavity of the wind turbine base, in which the nuclear reactor and the internal hermetic shell of the reactor are located, and the internal cavity of the said tower are adjacent to each other, then the option of combining the said cavities of the base and tower into a single cavity can be implemented (see the drawing for a floating base, the drawing for a land-based base). In this case, the outer protective shell will be formed from the walls of the tower and the walls of the base, limiting the combined cavity, partitions inside the tower, partitions inside the cavity in the base installed below the internal hermetic shell, a hermetic airlock and hermetic penetrations penetrating the wall of the wind turbine base; the joints of the tower and the base with each other, as well as with the said partitions, with the airlock and with the penetrations are sealed with gaskets or welding.If the wind turbine base is floating and consists of several floats, in order to form a combined cavity, the wind turbine tower must be installed on the float inside which the nuclear reactor and the internal sealed shell are located (see drawing). The technical result of the present invention consists in eliminating the need to construct (manufacture) a separate structure, the main purpose of which will be to perform the following functions of a hermetic enclosure: (1) the function of preventing the spread of released radioactive substances beyond the boundaries of the hermetic enclosure, (2) the function of a hermetic enclosure to protect the reactor installation from external extreme natural and man-made impacts.

Claims

A multi-component power plant, the components of which are energy sources of various types, wherein among the components there is at least one wind power plant, including a wind turbine, a machine room, a hollow tubular tower, a tower base, and among the components there is at least one nuclear power plant, including a reactor plant with a nuclear reactor and a hermetic enclosure of the reactor plant, wherein the reactor plant is located in the internal cavity of the wind power plant tower, wherein the function of the hermetic enclosure of the reactor plant to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation is performed by radiation protection, made in the form of a ring structure, covering the nuclear reactor from the outside opposite the active zone, containing substances that moderate and absorb neutrons well, as well as substances that absorb gamma radiation well, characterized in that,that the function of the hermetic enclosure to prevent the spread of released radioactive substances beyond the boundaries of the hermetic enclosure, as well as the function of the hermetic enclosure to protect the reactor installation from external extreme natural and man-made impacts, is performed by the walls of the wind turbine tower together with additional partitions in a quantity necessary and sufficient to ensure the hermeticity of the cavity inside the said tower in which the reactor installation is located, together with the hermetic airlock and hermetic penetrations in the walls of the said tower. A multi-component power plant according to item 1, characterized in that a single hermetic enclosure around a nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of a wind power plant tower, hermetic partitions installed inside the tower below the reactor and above the reactor, as well as a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of the tower; the connection nodes of the tower segments between themselves, with the partitions and with the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding. A multi-component power plant according to item 1, characterized in that a single hermetic enclosure around a nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of a wind power plant tower, a solid tower base plate, a hermetic partition installed inside the tower above the reactor, and a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of the tower; the connection nodes of the tower segments between themselves, with the tower base plate, with the partition and with the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding. A multi-component power plant according to item 1, characterized in that the hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor is made double, and the inner hermetic shell is made in the form of an independent hermetic vessel placed in the internal cavity of the tower of the wind power plant, and the walls of the said tower together with the hermetic partitions, the gateway, the penetrations form the outer protective shell of the double hermetic enclosure A multi-component power plant according to item 4, characterized in that the outer protective shell of the nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of the wind power plant tower, two partitions installed inside the tower above and below the inner sealed shell, as well as a sealed airlock penetrating the wall of the tower; the connection nodes of the tower segments between themselves, with the partitions and with the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding. A multi-component power plant according to item 4, characterized in that the outer protective shell of the nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of the wind power plant tower, a solid base plate of the tower, a sealed partition installed inside the tower above the inner sealed shell, and also a sealed gateway penetrating the wall of the tower; the connection nodes of the tower segments between themselves, with the partition, with the base plate of the tower and with the gateway are sealed with gaskets or welding A multi-component power plant, the components of which are energy sources of various types, wherein among the components there is at least one wind power plant, including a wind turbine, a machine room, a land or floating base having an internal cavity, and among the components there is at least one nuclear power plant, including a reactor plant with a nuclear reactor and a hermetic enclosure of the reactor plant, wherein the reactor plant is located in the internal cavity of the base of the wind power plant, wherein the function of the hermetic enclosure of the reactor plant to protect personnel and the population from ionizing radiation is performed by radiation protection, made in the form of a ring structure, covering the nuclear reactor from the outside opposite the active zone, containing substances that effectively slow down and absorb neutrons, as well as substances that effectively absorb gamma radiation, characterized in that,that the function of the hermetic enclosure to prevent the spread of released radioactive substances beyond the boundaries of the hermetic enclosure, as well as the function of the hermetic enclosure to protect the reactor installation from external extreme natural and man-made impacts, is performed by the walls of the wind power plant base, forming a cavity inside which the reactor installation is located, together with additional partitions in a quantity necessary and sufficient to ensure the hermeticity of the said cavity, together with a hermetic airlock and hermetic penetrations in the said walls, A multi-component power plant according to item 7, characterized in that a single hermetic enclosure around a nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of the wind power plant base, hermetic partitions installed inside said base below the reactor and above the reactor, as well as a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of said base; the connection points of the walls of the base with the partitions and the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding A multi-component power plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the engine room of the wind power plant is located at the top of a hollow tubular tower that rests on the base of the wind power plant, wherein the internal cavity of the base of the wind power plant, in which the nuclear reactor is located, and the internal cavity of the tower of the wind power plant are adjacent to each other and are united with each other; a single hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of said tower and base, limiting the combined cavity, partitions inside the tower, partitions inside the cavity in the base below the reactor, and a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of said base; the connection nodes of the tower and base between themselves, as well as with said partitions and with the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding A multi-component power plant according to item 7, characterized in that the hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor is made double, and the inner hermetic shell is made in the form of an independent hermetic vessel placed in the internal cavity of the base of the wind power plant, and the walls of the said base together with the hermetic partitions, the gateway, the penetrations form the outer protective shell of the double hermetic enclosure A multi-component power plant according to item 10, characterized in that the outer protective shell of the double hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of the base of the wind power plant, two hermetic partitions installed inside the cavity in the base above and below the inner hermetic shell, as well as a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of said base; the connection nodes of the base with said partitions and with the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding. A multi-component power plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the engine room of the wind power plant is located at the top of a hollow tubular tower that rests on the base of the wind power plant, wherein the internal cavity of the base of the wind power plant, in which the nuclear reactor and the internal hermetic shell are located, and the internal cavity of the tower of the wind power plant are adjacent to each other and are united with each other; wherein the outer protective shell of the double hermetic enclosure of the nuclear reactor is formed from the walls of said tower and base, limiting the combined cavity, partitions inside the tower, partitions inside the cavity in the base below the internal hermetic shell, and a hermetic airlock penetrating the wall of said base; the connection nodes of the tower and the base between themselves, as well as with said partitions and with the airlock are sealed with gaskets or welding

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