High-pressure reactor

Abstract

A high-pressure reactor, comprising: a reactor (1), one end of which is a feeding end (101) and the other end thereof is a discharging end (102), wherein a plurality of partition plates (2) are provided in the reactor (1) sequentially in a material flow direction, the plurality of partition plates (2) divide a cavity of the reactor (1) into a plurality of compartments (103), a stirring device (3) is arranged in each compartment (103), upper portions of any two adjacent compartments (103) are in communication with each other, and an ore pulp inlet (4), a steam inlet (5) and an acid inlet (6) are sequentially circumferentially provided on a compartment (103) into which materials are fed in a stirring rotation direction about the stirring device (3), which is taken as an axis. After ore pulp enters the reactor, under the action of stirring of the stirring device (3), the ore pulp entering the reactor comes into contact with steam first, continues to be heated, then comes into contact with an acid to react with the acid in the form of an exothermic reaction, and heat generated by the reaction moves to the ore pulp entering a first ore pulp port (41) in a fluid direction, so as to heat newly fed ore pulp.

Description

A high-pressure reactor Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of reactors, in particular to a high-pressure reactor. Background Art

[0002] With the booming development of my country's new energy vehicle industry and the gradual depletion of high-quality nickel and cobalt resources, demand for Ni, Co, and Mn metals in new energy ternary materials is increasing. The development of laterite nickel ores, which have large reserves but low nickel grades, has become a hot topic in the industry. The hydrometallurgical route of sulfuric acid leaching under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is currently one of the mainstream smelting processes for laterite nickel ores.

[0003] Reactors are the primary equipment for sulfuric acid leaching under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. For example, CN201721318428.6 describes a pressurized hydrometallurgical continuous reactor, which includes a horizontal autoclave with a feed pipe on one side and a discharge pipe on the other. The autoclave also has one or more compartments. The autoclave is equipped with a stirring device, temperature control device, heating device, cooling device, and pressure control device, all of which are controlled using conventional methods.

[0004] In the above-mentioned prior art, a stirring device is usually used to mix the slurry, steam and acid in a horizontal autoclave. However, when mixing materials with a conventional stirring structure, some materials with higher specific gravity will sink to the bottom, and steam is required to heat the newly injected slurry to the required reaction temperature before a reaction can occur. This neither shortens the time required for heating the slurry nor effectively promotes the mixing of the various substances, resulting in an inefficient reaction process. Currently, no effective solution has been proposed to the problems in the related art.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a high-pressure reactor to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the reactor can neither shorten the time required for heating the slurry nor efficiently promote the mixing of various substances.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution of the present invention provides a high-pressure reactor, comprising: a reactor, one end of which is a feed end and the other end is a discharge end, a plurality of partitions are sequentially arranged in the reactor along the material flow direction, the plurality of partitions divide the cavity in the reactor into a plurality of compartments, each of the compartments is provided with a stirring device, and the upper parts of any two adjacent compartments are connected,

[0008] The feed compartment is provided with a slurry inlet, a steam inlet and an acid inlet in sequence along the stirring direction with the stirring device therein as the axis;

[0009] The stirring device includes a driving member, a propulsion stirring paddle and a dispersion disc stirring paddle. The driving member is used to drive the propulsion stirring paddle and the dispersion disc stirring paddle to rotate, and the dispersion disc stirring paddle is located above the propulsion stirring paddle. The propulsion stirring paddle is used to disturb and mix the material and float it, and the dispersion disc stirring paddle is used to tangentially disperse the floated material.

[0010] Furthermore, the slurry inlet includes a first slurry inlet close to the acid inlet and a second slurry inlet close to the steam inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, a spoiler is provided in the compartment for disturbing the internal fluid.

[0012] Furthermore, the spoilers are distributed on the inner walls around the compartment.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of circular holes are unevenly distributed on the spoiler, and the circular holes are used to accelerate the passage of slurry.

[0014] Furthermore, a bottom hole for the slurry to pass through is provided at the bottom of the partition.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper heights of the plurality of partitions are successively lowered along the material flow direction, so that the height differences between the liquid levels of the plurality of compartments are successively formed.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner bottom wall of the reactor is provided with a wear-resistant plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the wear-resistant plate is a titanium alloy plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the dispersion disc stirring paddle is located below the liquid surface of the compartment, and the propulsion stirring paddle is located at the lower part of the compartment.

[0019] Furthermore, the driving member includes a driving motor and a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor, and the propulsion stirring paddle and the dispersion disc stirring paddle are both installed on the rotating shaft.

[0020] Furthermore, the reactor body is divided into three layers, which are a titanium alloy layer, a cast iron layer and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside.

[0021] Furthermore, the thickness of the reactor is 30.5-95 mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the thickness of the titanium alloy layer is 4-30 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 60-140 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the impeller of the propulsion stirring paddle has three blades or four blades, and the angle of the impeller is 12-42°.

[0025] Furthermore, the impeller blade length of the propulsion stirring paddle is 400-1500 mm.

[0026] Furthermore, the rotation speed of the propulsion stirring paddle is 0-960 rpm.

[0027] Furthermore, the wear-resistant plate has a thickness of 4-30 mm.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. According to the stirring direction of the stirring device, the first slurry inlet, the second slurry inlet, the steam inlet and the acid inlet are sequentially arranged around the stirring device. With this arrangement, after the slurry enters the kettle body, it first contacts the steam under the stirring action of the stirring device. The slurry entering the kettle first contacts the steam and continues to heat up. Then it contacts the acid and reacts with the acid. The reaction with the acid is an exothermic reaction. The heat generated by the reaction moves along the fluid direction to the slurry entering the first slurry inlet to heat the newly entered slurry.

[0030] 2. It adopts a double-layer stirring paddle layout, with a propulsion stirring paddle at the bottom and a dispersion disc stirring paddle at the top. The bottom material is floated up and then dispersed, which improves the mixing efficiency and promotes the reaction process.

[0031] 3. The spoiler disturbs the internal fluid and has circular holes for a small part of the slurry to flow through, accelerating the dispersion of the material behind the spoiler and avoiding the formation of the wake zone;

[0032] 4. The stepped liquid level compartment setting, combined with the bottom holes on the partition, promotes a faster flow rate of the slurry;

[0033] 5. Use titanium alloy plate to increase the thickness of the bottom of the kettle and extend the time it takes for the bottom to be worn through. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG1 is an overall schematic diagram of a high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG2 is a front view of the structure of a high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG3 is a top view of the structure of a high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG4 is a left side view of the structure of the high-pressure reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0038] In the figure: 1. Reactor; 101. Feed end; 102. Discharge end; 103. Compartment; 104. Liquid level; 2. Partition; 3. Stirring device; 31. Drive member; 311. Drive motor; 312. Rotating shaft; 32. Propeller stirring paddle; 33. Disperser stirring paddle; 4. Slurry inlet; 41. First slurry port; 42. Second slurry port; 5. Steam inlet; 6. Acid inlet; 7. Spoiler; 701. Circular hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1-4, the present invention provides a high-pressure reactor, comprising a reactor 1, one end of which is a feed end 101 and the other end is a discharge end 102. Slurry, steam, and acid are injected from the feed end 101, and the discharge end 102 is used for discharge. Several partitions 2 are sequentially arranged in the reactor 1 along the direction of material flow. The partitions 2 divide the cavity of the reactor 1 into several compartments 103. Each compartment 103 is provided with a stirring device 3, and any two adjacent compartments 103 are connected at the top. Through the connection at the top of the compartments 103, the bottom also adopts a rathole design, allowing materials to enter from the feed end 101, circulate through each compartment 103 in sequence, and finally be discharged from the discharge end 102. In addition, the materials in each compartment are also stirred and mixed by the stirring device 3.

[0041] To shorten the time required for slurry to heat up during feeding at feed end 101, a slurry inlet 4, a steam inlet 5, and an acid inlet 6 are arranged circumferentially along the direction of stirring rotation, with the stirring device 3 therein as the axis. Slurry is injected into slurry inlet 4, high-temperature steam is injected into steam inlet 5, and acid is injected into acid inlet 6. Because slurry inlet 4, steam inlet 5, and acid inlet 6 are circumferentially distributed along the stirring direction, the slurry, under the stirring of stirring device 3, first contacts steam and is heated to the reaction temperature. It then contacts the acid and reacts with the acid. The reaction with the acid is exothermic, and the heat generated by the reaction is used to preheat the slurry subsequently entering through slurry inlet 4, thereby utilizing the heat released by the reaction and shortening the time required for the slurry to be heated to the reaction temperature by steam.

[0042] Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of mixing the various materials and reduce the amount of materials that settle to the bottom, the stirring device 3 includes a driving member 31, a propeller stirring paddle 32, and a dispersion disc stirring paddle 33. The driving member 31 is used to drive the propeller stirring paddle 32 and the dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 to rotate, and the dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 is located above the propeller stirring paddle 32. The propeller stirring paddle 32 is used to stir and mix the materials and cause them to float. The dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 is used to tangentially disperse the floating materials to achieve the purpose of further mixing. The propeller stirring paddle 32 is used to stir and float the materials with higher specific gravity at the bottom. The dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 can perform high-speed tangential dispersion on the materials that have been disturbed and floated by the propeller stirring paddle 32. The coordinated action of the two stirring paddles improves the mixing efficiency, thereby promoting the reaction process.

[0043] During use, the stirring device 3 cooperates with the circumferentially distributed slurry inlet 4, steam inlet 5 and acid inlet 6 to stir and produce a superimposed slurry heating effect, shortening the time for the slurry to be heated to the reaction temperature. In addition, the stirring device 3, through the coordinated effect of double stirring, disturbs the large materials at the bottom and floats them, and performs high-speed tangential dispersion on the floating materials, thereby efficiently mixing the materials and making the reaction process proceed efficiently.

[0044] The reactor body of the reactor 1 is composed of three layers: a titanium alloy layer, a cast iron layer, and an insulation layer. The reactor 1 has a thickness of 30.5-95 mm. The titanium alloy layer has a thickness of 4-30 mm. The insulation layer has a thickness of 60-140 mm.

[0045] In addition, the impeller of the propulsion stirring paddle 32 has three or four blades, and the impeller angle is 12-42 degrees. The impeller blade length of the propulsion stirring paddle 32 is 400-1500 mm. The rotation speed of the propulsion stirring paddle 32 is 0-960 rpm.

[0046] It should be noted that, according to the capacity of the kettle body, each compartment 103 may be equipped with additional auxiliary tools such as a steam inlet 5 , an acid inlet 6 , an exhaust port, a thermometer, and a liquid level gauge.

[0047] In a certain embodiment, in order to improve the effect of slurry preheating, the slurry inlet 4 includes a first slurry inlet 41 close to the acid inlet 6 and a second slurry inlet 42 close to the steam inlet 5. The slurry is divided and injected. The slurry in the second slurry inlet 42 first contacts the steam and is heated to the reaction temperature. It contacts the acid injected by the acid inlet 6, thereby generating an exothermic reaction and contacting the slurry injected by the first slurry inlet 41. Since the first slurry inlet 41 is closer to the acid inlet 6, it can be exposed to the heat generated by the reaction more quickly and the time of contact with the steam injected by the steam inlet 5 is extended, thereby making its preheating time longer. The slurry is divided and injected and circulated to fully utilize the exothermic reaction between the slurry and the acid to achieve better heating efficiency.

[0048] It can be understood that due to the diversion of the slurry, the slurry in the second slurry port 42 can more fully exchange heat with the steam, while the slurry in the first slurry port 41 is preheated under the exothermic reaction, reducing the heat required for subsequent steam exchange, thereby achieving the effect of fully utilizing the exothermic reaction between the slurry and the acid.

[0049] In one embodiment, in order to make the various materials mix more evenly, a spoiler 7 for disturbing the internal fluid is provided in the compartment 103. When the spoiler 7 is provided, the flow trajectory of the logistics can be disturbed, thereby achieving the effect of turbulent mixing.

[0050] Furthermore, in order to achieve a more sufficient disrupting effect, the spoilers 7 are distributed on the inner walls around the compartment 103 .

[0051] Furthermore, in order to reduce the material deposition and scaling caused by the spoiler 7, a plurality of circular holes 701 are unevenly distributed on the spoiler 7, and the circular holes 701 are used to accelerate the passage of the slurry.

[0052] As can be understood, when spoiler 7 is sufficiently large, a large wake zone forms on the back side of spoiler 7. The flow velocity within this wake zone is very low, making it prone to material deposition and scaling. If spoiler 7 is too small, the flow disruption effect is less pronounced. The circular holes 701, however, accelerate the passage of slurry through spoiler 7, impacting the disturbed slurry and accelerating the dispersion of material behind the spoiler, thus preventing the formation of a wake zone.

[0053] In one embodiment, in order to make the slurry flow faster between the compartments 103, a bottom hole for the slurry to pass through is opened at the bottom of the partition 2, and the bottom hole forms a connecting channel at the lower part of the compartment 103 for the slurry to flow.

[0054] Furthermore, the upper heights of the plurality of baffles 2 are successively lowered along the material flow direction, so that a height difference between the liquid levels 104 is formed in the plurality of compartments 103. This generates a pressure difference at the bottom of the compartments 103, driving the slurry at the bottom of the compartments 103 to flow through the bottom holes, thereby achieving a faster flow rate of the slurry.

[0055] It is understandable that under the conditions of increasing the slurry flow rate and determining the reaction time, the kettle can be made larger and the processing capacity can be stronger.

[0056] It should be noted that the reaction between the slurry and the acid lasts from the time the slurry enters the reactor 1 to the time it leaves the reactor 1. The high-pressure reactor 1 is dimensioned so that the time the slurry takes to flow through the reactor 1 is equal to or slightly longer than the time it takes for the slurry to fully react.

[0057] In one embodiment, in order to prolong the time it takes for the bottom of the reactor 1 to be worn through, a wear-resistant plate is provided on the inner bottom wall of the reactor 1 .

[0058] Furthermore, the wear-resistant plate is a titanium alloy plate, which is resistant to acid corrosion and wear. The installation of the wear-resistant plate essentially increases the thickness of the easily worn bottom of the tank, extending the time it takes for the bottom to wear through. The thickness of the wear-resistant plate is 4-30 mm.

[0059] It should be noted that the titanium alloy plate is made of TA10 titanium alloy, and the wear-resistant plate is provided in a local area at the bottom of the reactor 1 .

[0060] In a certain embodiment, in order to have an effective stirring effect in each compartment, the dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 is positioned below the liquid surface 104 of the compartment 103, and the propulsion stirring paddle 32 is located at the lower part of the compartment 103, so that stirring is performed within the liquid surface 104, so that each compartment 103 has an effective mixing effect.

[0061] Furthermore, in order to achieve the effect of coaxial rotation, the driving member 31 includes a driving motor 311 and a rotating shaft 312, the rotating shaft 312 is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 311, and the propulsion stirring paddle 32 and the dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 are both installed on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft 312 vertically penetrates downward from the top of the reactor 1, and the dispersion disc stirring paddle 33 and the propulsion stirring paddle 32 are distributed on the rotating shaft 312 from top to bottom.

[0062] The specific working process of the present invention is as follows: a first slurry port 41, a second slurry port 42, a steam inlet 5 and an acid inlet 6 are provided on the compartment 103 at the feed end 101, and are distributed in sequence around the stirring device. Under stirring, the slurry in the second slurry port 42 contacts the steam, heats to the reaction temperature and reacts with the acid. Under the exothermic reaction, the slurry injected into the first slurry port 41 is preheated; during stirring, the material near the lower part of the compartment 103 is floated by the propulsion stirring paddle 32, and the floating material is tangentially dispersed by the dispersion disk stirring 33 to mix the materials; during the stirring and mixing process, the material is disturbed by the spoiler 7, and part of the slurry is accelerated to pass through the circular hole 701, and the disturbed slurry is impacted, thereby reducing the deposition and scaling of the material while improving the turbulence effect.

[0063] The entire workflow is complete, and all contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high pressure reactor comprising: A reactor, one end of which is a feed end and the other end is a discharge end, wherein a plurality of partitions are sequentially arranged in the reactor along the material flow direction, wherein the plurality of partitions divide the cavity in the reactor into a plurality of compartments, wherein a stirring device is arranged in each compartment, and the upper parts of any two adjacent compartments are connected, wherein: The feed compartment is provided with a slurry inlet, a steam inlet and an acid inlet in sequence with the stirring device therein as the axis and circumferentially along the stirring rotation direction; The stirring device includes a driving member, a propulsion stirring paddle and a dispersion disc stirring paddle. The driving member is used to drive the propulsion stirring paddle and the dispersion disc stirring paddle to rotate, and the dispersion disc stirring paddle is located above the propulsion stirring paddle. The propulsion stirring paddle is used to disturb and mix the materials and float them, and the dispersion disc stirring paddle is used to tangentially disperse the floated materials.

2. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry inlet includes a first slurry inlet close to the acid inlet and a second slurry inlet close to the steam inlet.

3. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spoiler for disturbing the internal fluid is arranged in the compartment.

4. The high pressure reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spoilers are distributed on the inner walls around the compartment.

5. The high pressure reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spoiler is provided with a plurality of circular holes in an uneven distribution, and the circular holes are used for accelerating the passage of slurry.

6. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the partition is provided with a bottom hole for the slurry to pass through.

7. The high pressure reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper heights of the plurality of partitions are successively reduced along the material flow direction, so that the height differences between the liquid levels of the plurality of compartments are successively formed.

8. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner bottom wall of the reactor is provided with a wear-resistant plate.

9. The high pressure reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The wear-resistant plate is a titanium alloy plate.

10. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion disc stirring paddle is located below the liquid surface of the compartment, and the propulsion stirring paddle is located at the lower part of the compartment.

11. The high pressure reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The driving member comprises a driving motor and a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is connected to an output shaft of the driving motor, and the propulsion-type stirring paddle and the dispersion-disk-type stirring paddle are both mounted on the rotating shaft.

12. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor body is divided into three layers, which are a titanium alloy layer, a cast iron layer and a heat preservation layer from the inside to the outside.

13. The high pressure reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that: The thickness of the reactor is 30.5-95 mm.

14. The high pressure reactor according to claim 13, characterized in that: The thickness of the titanium alloy layer is 4-30 mm.

15. The high pressure reactor according to claim 14, characterized in that: The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 60-140 mm.

16. The high pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impeller of the propulsion stirring paddle has three blades or four blades, and the angle of the impeller is 12-42°.

17. The high pressure reactor according to claim 16, characterized in that: The impeller blade length of the propulsion stirring paddle is 400-1500 mm.

18. The high pressure reactor according to claim 17, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the propulsion stirring paddle is 0-960 rpm.

19. The high pressure reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the wear-resistant plate is 4-30 mm.

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