Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives higher layer signaling related to a beam indication via a relay device; and a control unit that controls transmission / reception of at least one of a specific signal and a specific channel on the basis of the beam indication. The higher layer signaling includes information related to a forwarding resource set. A beam indication type is set for at least one of a plurality of forwarding resources included in the forwarding resource set. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, communication in a wireless communication system using a high frequency band can be appropriately performed.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (for example, after NR), the use of the sub-terahertz band is being considered.

[0006] However, the details of how to achieve high data rates and wide coverage in such high frequency bands have not been fully explored, and if these details are not clear, there is a risk that communication quality and system throughput will be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station for appropriately performing communication in a wireless communication system using the sub-terahertz band.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives upper layer signaling regarding a beam instruction via a relay device, and a control unit that controls transmission and reception of at least one specific signal and channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the upper layer signaling includes information regarding a forwarding resource set, and a type of beam instruction is set for at least one of a plurality of forwarding resources included in the forwarding resource set.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, communication can be performed appropriately in a wireless communication system that uses a high frequency band.

[0010] FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example of a user in a high frequency band. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication using an NCR configuration. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication using a RIS. FIGS. 4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating examples of long-range and short-range beamforming methods. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system architecture including a RIS. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a precoder for a RIS. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reference point. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a precoder for a RIS. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of association of a combination index, a codebook index, and codebook-related parameters according to option 2 of the second embodiment. FIGS. 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating an example of RRC configuration according to the fourth embodiment. FIGS. 11A to 11D are diagrams illustrating an example of RRC configuration / MAC CE activation according to the fourth embodiment. FIGS. 12A to 12C are diagrams illustrating an example of MAC CE activation according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of information related to beam instruction included in DCI according to the eighth embodiment. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of information related to a beam instruction included in DCI according to the eighth embodiment. Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an example of information related to a beam instruction included in DCI according to the eighth embodiment. Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 19 is a diagram showing an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Use of Sub-Terahertz Waves) In future wireless communication systems (for example, 6G and beyond), it is being considered to achieve a data rate of 100 Gbps while maintaining sufficient coverage by utilizing the sub-terahertz band (spectrum) (for example, 100 GHz to 300 GHz), which is a higher frequency band than existing systems (for example, NR Rel. 15 / 16 / 17).

[0012] One of the challenges is to design a line-of-sight (LOS)-MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) transmission method suitable for access links, with the target of 100 GHz, 100 Gbps, and 100 m (coverage).

[0013] 1A is a diagram showing an example of a distant user in a high frequency band, in which orthonormal transmission is not possible for the distant user due to the size limitations of the mega-MIMO base station (BS).

[0014] 1B illustrates an example of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) user in the high frequency band, where blockages (e.g., buildings) prevent efficient LOS-MIMO transmission to the non-line-of-sight user.

[0015] Existing NR MIMO (NR MIMO) does not support LOS-MIMO. Existing NR requires a very large bandwidth to achieve a data rate of 100 Gbps, which is difficult to secure.

[0016] NR MIMO is designed for antenna far-field applications, supporting only rank-1 transmission per polarization direction in LOS channels. Using dual polarization enables rank-2 multiplexing, but ranks higher than this are not available. Achieving 100 Gbps requires a bandwidth of several tens of GHz, which is difficult to achieve in practical systems and places high demands on RF components.

[0017] The LOS-MIMO schemes that have already been considered have the problem that they are not suitable for access links because they require fixed transmitting and receiving positions, or that they require too large an array size.

[0018] For this reason, the introduction of fixed widely spaced antenna arrays, Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)-MIMO, and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-aided Mega MIMO are being considered.

[0019] For NCR (Network-controlled Repeater) in Rel. 18 and later, multi-layer transmission is not supported in terms of channel, hardware, and specifications (standards).

[0020] In terms of channels, in a LOS scenario, the channel between the BS and NCR (BS-NCR) is rank 1 because the size of the NCR array is relatively small. In terms of hardware, if there is one RF chain in the NCR, for example, to reduce hardware costs, the cascaded channel between the BS, NCR, and UE (BS-NCR-UE cascaded channel) is a keyhole channel with rank 1. In terms of specifications, the number of beams in the access link (A link) / backhaul link (B link) is 1, generating highly correlated signals.

[0021] (NCR (Network-controlled Repeater)) Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of communication using the NCR configuration. The NCR may include an NCR-mobile termination (MT) and an NCR-forwarding (Fwd). The NCR-MT communicates with the BS (gNB) via a control link.

[0022] The communication between the NCR-MT and the BS may include at least one of receiving configuration / instruction / control information from the BS and sending requests / reports / responses to the BS. The NCR-Fwd relays communications between the BS and the UE by relaying / amplifying signals from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link.

[0023] Incidentally, NCR Rel. 18 and later supports periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic beam pointing.

[0024] <Periodic Beam Indication> Forwarding resource sets may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC). In this case, the maximum number of forwarding resource sets may be 32. Each forwarding resource set may include up to 1024 forwarding resources.

[0025] A periodicity may be set for each transmission resource set, and a beam index / time resource may be defined for each transmission resource.

[0026] Semi-persistent beam direction: Forwarding resource sets may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC). In this case, the maximum number of forwarding resource sets may be 32. Each forwarding resource set may include 128 forwarding resources.

[0027] A periodicity may be set for each transmission resource set, and a beam index / time resource may be defined for each transmission resource.

[0028] The MAC CE may activate / deactivate one transmission resource set and may update beam indices of multiple transmission resources included in one transmission resource set.

[0029] <Aperiodic Beam Indication> One DCI may indicate L beam index fields and T time resource fields (T may be L), where T may be configured by RRC up to a maximum of 32.

[0030] A maximum of 64 beam indices may be supported. Information for characterizing the physical beam corresponding to the beam index may be processed by OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum).

[0031] (RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface)) In future wireless communication systems, the introduction of RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) into communication networks is being considered.

[0032] The RIS is an example of a device that provides a flexible and cost-effective approach to network deployment compared to new types of network (NW) nodes such as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), RF Repeater, and Network-Controlled Repeater (NCR).

[0033] The RIS may be constructed from a number of reconfigurable scattering components.

[0034] The RIS may control the direction of the reflected signal or the direction of the transmitted (refracted) signal.

[0035] In the present disclosure, reflection, transmission, and refraction may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0036] While the NCR amplifies the signals it relays, the RIS may not require an RF amplifier, which can reduce power consumption.

[0037] While the RIS can obtain beam gain with narrowband beams, an increase in the number of RIS beams (beams reflected / refracted by the RIS) is required.

[0038] The RIS may reflect / refract signals other than the target frequency.

[0039] The RIS may be made of a material such as a liquid crystal, a metal, a semiconductor, etc. For example, a RIS using a liquid crystal has a slower beam sweep speed than a semiconductor, and is therefore considered unsuitable for current beam sweep operations.

[0040] Due to its thin and flexible shape, the RIS may be installed on an object such as a building.

[0041] 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication using a RIS. The RIS relays communication between a BS and a UE by controlling a reflection angle in at least one of a reflection from a backhaul link to an access link and a reflection from the access link to a backhaul link.

[0042] By utilizing the RIS, it is possible to generate a beam from the RIS to a dedicated UE with more accurate beamforming control, which can significantly improve the SNR in the coverage hole area.

[0043] (Far-field and Near-field Beamforming Methods) Several methods are currently being considered as far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) beamforming methods.

[0044] For example, the beamforming method may be DFT-based beamforming (BF), beamfocusing with optimum phase, and beamfocusing with near-field (NF) steering vector.

[0045] The DFT-based BF may be used primarily for transmitting signals to terminals at long distances, and may use a precoder (matrix) based on an angle-dependent linear phase.

[0046] Figure 4A shows an example of DFT-based beamforming (BF), where x is a uniform, linear array. ｎ is the distance from the array center to element n in the array and is the angle of the beam with respect to the axis normal to the array.

[0047] Beam focusing with optimal phase may be used primarily for transmitting signals to terminals at short distances, and may use a precoder (matrix) based on a position (distance)-dependent non-linear phase.

[0048] FIG. 4B shows an example of beam focusing with optimal phase. Note that FIG. 4B shows an example of a uniform linear array. In this example, D Ｆ is the focal length and x' is the distance from the axis normal to the array to the focal point.

[0049] Beam focusing with short-range steering vectors may be used primarily for transmitting signals to short-range terminals. Beam focusing with short-range steering vectors may use a precoder (matrix) based on angle- and position (distance)-dependent quadratic phase.

[0050] Figure 4C shows an example of beam focusing with near-field (NF) steering vectors, showing an example of a uniform linear array, where D is the distance from the center of the array to the focal point, and ω is the angle from the axis normal to the array to the line connecting the array center and the focal point.

[0051] (System Architecture Including RIS) Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a system architecture including a RIS. Below, a system architecture including a RIS will be described with reference to Fig. 5, but this is merely an example.

[0052] A system architecture that includes a RIS may include multiple (eg, two) design phases.

[0053] For example, a system architecture including a RIS may include an aperture pre-adaptation phase.

[0054] In the aperture pre-adaptation phase, UE positioning may be performed first. In the UE positioning, the UE may report information about its position / attitude to the network (NW). In addition, in the UE positioning, the NW (base station) may estimate information about the UE's position / attitude based on a signal (e.g., UL RS) transmitted from the UE.

[0055] Note that UE positioning in the aperture pre-adaptation phase may be omitted.

[0056] Then, in an aperture pre-adaptation phase, a pre-adaptation of the aperture (eg, antenna elements) of the RIS may be performed.

[0057] In this disclosure, aperture adaptation may mean determining / determining / selecting which antenna elements / arrays to use.

[0058] Then, in an aperture pre-adaptation phase, pre-adaptation of the aperture (eg, antenna elements) of the BS may be performed.

[0059] A system architecture including a RIS may also include a beamforming phase.

[0060] The beamforming phase may, for example, follow an aperture pre-adaptation phase.

[0061] In the beamforming phase, beamforming may be performed first at the BS.

[0062] Then, in the beamforming phase, beamforming in the RIS may be performed.

[0063] Reception may then occur in the beamforming phase by the UE, which may use a CSI reception (CSIR) based MIMO receiver.

[0064] Note that reception by the UE in the beamforming phase may be omitted.

[0065] Beam Pointing in RIS Codebook / precoder design for RIS is described.

[0066] The codebook / precoder may be a codebook / precoder for short distance (NF) or a codebook / precoder for long distance (FF).

[0067] In the present disclosure, a short distance may mean a distance less than (or equal to or less than) a certain threshold. In the present disclosure, a long distance may mean a distance greater than (or equal to or greater than) a certain threshold.

[0068] The RIS (RIS-NCR) may receive information for the precoder / codebook from the NW. The information may be, for example, information about the location of another node (e.g., a UE / NW node). The information about the location may be, for example, information about angle and / or information about distance.

[0069] The codebook / precoder for RIS will be described in the following aspects 1 to 4. Any one of the following aspects 1 to 4 may be applied, or at least two of aspects 1 to 4 may be applied in combination.

[0070] The precoder may be calculated, for example, as the output of a particular multiplication of different precoders / matrices.

[0071] In the present disclosure, the terms codebook, precoder, codeword, matrix, term, vector, and element may be interchangeable.

[0072] <Aspect 1> The precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that decouples angle-dependent terms and distance (position)-dependent terms.

[0073] The codebook / precoder of this aspect may be called a single-sided NF codebook / precoder.

[0074] Aspect 1 may be used, for example, for beamforming / focusing of NCR including RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0075] The precoder in RIS may be, for example, a distance-dependent precoder / matrix (e.g., W Ｒｉｎｇ ) and angle-dependent precoder / matrix (e.g., W ＤＦＴ ) (for example, a Hadamard product (for example, an element-by-element product)).

[0076] For example, the precoder may be calculated using the following equation 1.

[0077] Here, D Ｆ may be the axial distance between the array and the focal position. The quantization of distance will be described in detail in aspect 2.

[0078] In the present disclosure, a phase shift associated with a distance-dependent precoder may be referred to as a ring-type phase distribution, and a codebook associated with a distance-dependent precoder may be referred to as a ring-type codebook (RTC).

[0079] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a precoder for a RIS according to aspect 1. An example of a uniform linear array is shown in FIG. 6. In the example shown in FIG. 6, beam focusing at the boresight is performed first. The above-mentioned distance-dependent precoder may be used for the beam focusing. k is an index corresponding to the phase in the DFT.

[0080] In the example shown in Figure 6, the focal position is then shifted by the DFT vector, which may utilize the angle-dependent precoder described above.

[0081] According to the first aspect, by utilizing the angle-dependent term and the distance (position)-dependent term, it is possible to appropriately transmit signals to targets at long and short distances, and it is also easy to implement.

[0082] <Aspect 2> The precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that uses piecewise linear approximation with DFT vectors.

[0083] The codebook / precoder of this aspect may be called a single-sided NF codebook / precoder.

[0084] For example, the precoder may be a precoder that includes a term for each subarray (one or more arrays) and a distance (position) dependent term.

[0085] Aspect 2 may be used, for example, for beamforming / focusing of NCR including RIS (RIS-NCR) and / or coherent transmission of multiple panels (e.g., widely spaced panels).

[0086] Moreover, the second embodiment is suitable for subarray-based RIS-NCR.

[0087] The precoder in the RIS may be calculated, for example, by the product (for example, the Hadamard product (for example, element-by-element product)) of a precoder for each subarray (one or more arrays) and an angle-dependent precoder.

[0088] The precoder for each subarray (one or more arrays) may be expressed, for example, as the product of a phase offset for each subarray and an angle offset of the subarray.

[0089] For example, the precoder may be calculated using the following equation 2.

[0090] where φ （ｉ，ｊ） ＰＯ may represent the phase offset of subarray (i, j). The phase offset of subarray (i, j) may be quantized with specific bits (e.g., b bits) that can take on specific values ​​(e.g., values ​​from 0 to 2π). （ｉ，ｊ） ＡＯ may denote the angular offset of subarray (i,j).

[0091] W （ｉ，ｊ） ＡＯ may be calculated based on the dot product of the vector from the reference point of the array to the reference point of subarray (i,j) and the vector from the reference point of subarray (i,j) to antenna element (m,n) in subarray (i,j).

[0092] For example, W （ｉ，ｊ） ＡＯ may be calculated using the following equation 3:

[0093] where D may be the distance from the array (e.g., the reference point of the array) to the object (e.g., the UE). （ｉ，ｊ） ＳＡ denotes the vector from the reference point of the array to the reference point of the subarray (i,j), and r （ｍ，ｎ） ＡＥ may denote the vector from the reference point of subarray (i,j) to antenna element (m,n) in subarray (i,j) (see FIG. 7).

[0094] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a precoder for a RIS according to aspect 2. Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a uniform and linear array. In the example illustrated in Fig. 8, first, beam direction focusing is performed for multiple arrays (each subarray) using a phase offset (Step 1). For this beam focusing, a precoder based on the above-described phase offset and angle offset may be used.

[0095] In the example shown in Figure 8, the focal position is then shifted by the DFT vector (step 2), which may utilize the angle-dependent precoder described above.

[0096] According to the second aspect, by using a term for each subarray (one or more arrays) and a distance (position) dependent term, it is possible to transmit a signal appropriately to targets at long and short distances.

[0097] <Aspect 3> The precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that uses a term relating to a short distance and a term relating to a long distance.

[0098] The codebook / precoder of this aspect may be called a single-sided NF codebook / precoder.

[0099] Aspect 3 may be used, for example, to acquire CSI in either or both of FF and NF (not limited to FF and NF), or may be used for localization / sensing of NF.

[0100] The precoder in the RIS may be calculated by, for example, multiplying a first precoder and a second precoder (e.g., a Kronecker product (e.g., an element-wise product)). The first / second precoder may include a term corresponding to a long distance (or angle dependency) and a term corresponding to a short distance (or distance dependency).

[0101] The precoder in this embodiment may be applied in a uniform planar array.

[0102] For example, the precoder W may be expressed by the following equation 4.

[0103] where W is the first precoder W Ｎ＿１，Ｏ＿１，ｋ＿１，Ｄ，Ｌ＿１ and the second precoder W Ｎ＿２，Ｏ＿２，ｋ＿２，Ｄ，Ｌ＿２ It is expressed as the Kronecker product of

[0104] W Ｎ＿ｉ，Ｏ＿ｉ，ｋ＿ｉ，Ｄ，Ｌ＿ｉ may be expressed, for example, by the following Equation 5:

[0105] Here, the number of antenna elements (scattering elements) in the i-th axial direction in the RIS array is N ｉ and the number of oversamplings in the i-th axis direction O ｉ may be the same as the NR DFT-based codebook defined in the existing NR. i=1 may correspond to the x-axis direction (horizontal direction). i=2 may correspond to the z-axis direction (vertical direction). Also, k ｉ is the codeword index, and k′ may represent a quadratic term.

[0106] Also, N ＲＰmay be a value that depends on the reference point of the RIS array. For example, N ＲＰ is N ＲＰ = 2(d ＲＰ -d ０ ) / Δd.

[0107] For example, d ＲＰ -d ０ may denote the distance between a particular antenna element (e.g., antenna element #0) and the reference point, and Δd may denote the antenna element spacing.

[0108] For example, if the bottom leftmost element of the array is used as the reference point, then N ＲＰ may be 0.

[0109] For example, if the center coordinate of the array is used as the reference point, N ＲＰ is N ｉ It may be calculated as -1.

[0110] D may represent the normalized distance between the reference point and the focal length, for example, D may be calculated as (focal length) / λ.

[0111] L may be a value related to a normalized equivalent aperture, and may be calculated, for example, as ON·Δd / λ.

[0112] <Aspect 4> The precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that uses a precoder for an access link (between the UE and the RIS) and a precoder for a backhaul link (between the BS and the RIS).

[0113] For example, the precoder may be a precoder that includes a term for each subarray (one or more arrays) and a distance (position) dependent term.

[0114] Aspect 4 may be used, for example, for beamforming / focusing of NCR with RIS (RIS-NCR) on the backhaul link / access link and / or cascaded LoS-MIMO (e.g., LoS-MIMO requiring joint focal points indication).

[0115] The precoder in the RIS may be calculated, for example, by the product (e.g., Hadamard product, e.g., element-by-element product) of the precoder for the access link and the precoder for the backhaul link.

[0116] For example, the precoder may be calculated using the following equation 6.

[0117] Here, W ＡＣ may represent the precoder of the beam (access beam, beam for UE) in the access link of RIS-NCR. ＢＨ may denote the precoder of the beam (backhaul beam, beam for BS) in the backhaul link of RIS-NCR.

[0118] W ＡＣ and W ＢＨ At least one of the above may be a precoder calculated by at least one of the methods described in aspects 1 to 3 above.

[0119] W ＡＣ and W ＢＨ The focal lengths of W may be selected / determined independently or jointly. ＡＣ and W ＢＨ The focal lengths of may be selected / determined in a conjugate symmetric manner.

[0120] According to aspect 4, it is possible to appropriately design precoders / codebooks not only for the access link but also for the backhaul link.

[0121] <Parameters Related to Codebook / Precoder> The parameters of the formulas in the above-mentioned aspects 1 to 4 will be described below.

[0122] L may be a parameter related to an aperture (e.g., an antenna element), and may be reported as the capability of the RIS-NCR (NCR-MT).

[0123] L may be reported by the RIS, for example, as antenna number / spacing in n dimensions (eg, n is 2).

[0124] L may be reported by the RIS, for example, as the length of a side of the RIS (eg, antenna number x antenna spacing).

[0125] N ｉ , O ｉ , k ｉ , k ｉｐ , D ｉ (i=1 or 2) may be a parameter related to the codebook of the access link / backhaul link.

[0126] N ｉ and O ｉ may be related to a codebook of the RIS, which may be preset for the RIS or may be predefined in the specification.

[0127] N ｉ and O ｉ may be determined based on reports on the capabilities of the RIS or may be determined independently of the dimensions of the RIS.

[0128] k ｉ may be related to a codebook of the RIS, which may be indicated to the RIS.

[0129] k ｉｐ may be calculated at the RIS based on specific settings / instructions for the RIS.

[0130] D ｉ (e.g., i=1) may be a parameter related to the distance between the BS and the RIS. ｉ(eg, i=2) may be a parameter related to the distance between the UE and the RIS.

[0131] For example, D １ may be pre-configured by the BS for the RIS, or D ２ may be indicated by the BS to the RIS.

[0132] For example, D １ and D ２ may be commanded by the BS (using a compound CW).

[0133] For example, D １ may be pre-configured by the BS for the RIS, or D ２ may be measured by RIS.

[0134] For example, D １ and D ２ may be measured by RIS.

[0135] For example, D １ and D ２ Logarithmic quantization may be used to determine .

[0136] N ＲＰ may be a parameter related to the reference point of the RIS. ＲＰ may be, for example, a parameter relating to the offset of the reference point of the RIS.

[0137] N ＲＰ may be related to a codebook of the RIS, which may be indicated to the RIS.

[0138] A reference point in a RIS may refer to a specific location.

[0139] For example, the reference point for the RIS may be the location of an antenna / subarray at a particular location (eg, the bottom left most).

[0140] For example, the reference point for the RIS may be the location of the center point of the RIS, which is appropriate for a single large RIS or multiple separate sub-arrays.

[0141] For example, the reference point of the RIS may be reported by the RIS. The reference point of the RIS may be determined according to the reference point reported by the RIS.

[0142] A parameter indicating an adaptation (aperture adaptation) mode may be defined, which may be used for aperture control of the RIS.

[0143] The parameter indicating the adaptation mode may be associated with a codebook of the RIS, which may be indicated to the RIS.

[0144] Parameters may be defined that indicate the shape / size of the RIS, which may be used to control the aperture of the RIS.

[0145] A parameter indicating the shape / size of the RIS may be associated with a codebook of the RIS, which may be indicated to the RIS.

[0146] The parameter may be indicated by a bitmap. Alternatively, the parameter may be indicated by the direction and length of two sides of an aperture forming a parallelogram. Alternatively, the parameter may be indicated by the arrangement of subarrays (e.g., direction / spacing / subarray number / subarray size). Alternatively, the parameter may be indicated by at least one of the direction / length of two sides of an aperture forming a parallelogram (which may be called a general mode), the subarray number (sampling rate), and the subarray size.

[0147] A parameter may be defined that indicates the roll-off factor.

[0148] Parameters for a conjugate symmetric RTC may be defined, which may be parameters for a reference point related to the location of the UE.

[0149] A reference point for the location of a UE may refer, for example, to an antenna port (e.g., antenna port #0) of a particular UE.

[0150] The reference point for the UE's location may refer to, for example, a particular (eg, central) UE array established by the BS.

[0151] (Analysis) <Analysis 1> As described above, when RIS is used to transmit UE-specific signals / channels or group / cell-common signals / channels, various methods using codebook-based beam direction / beam index-based beam direction may be applied.

[0152] These methods provide increased flexibility in selecting an appropriate beamforming technique based on the specific requirements of a communication scenario, and allow for effective use of RIS for transmitting both control channels (e.g., PUCCH / PDCCH) and data channels (e.g., PUSCH / PDSCH).

[0153] Codebook-based beam pointing for RIS can be used for the transfer of UE-specific signals / channels, while other pointing methods (e.g., beam-index-based beam pointing) can be used for the transfer of group / cell-common signals / channels.

[0154] Alternatively, codebook-based beam direction may be used for both UE-specific and group / cell-wide signal / channel transmission, where different parameters may be used in constructing the codebook, i.e., multiple types of beam direction may be required for beam control in the RIS.

[0155] For example, it is conceivable to apply codebook-based beam direction to UE-specific signals / channels, and to apply beam index-based beam direction to group / cell-common signals / channels.

[0156] Also, different codebook structures / representations may be used for different signals / channels.

[0157] Alternatively, a unified codebook structure / representation may be used for different signals / channels, in which case different codebook-related parameters may be used for different signals / channels.

[0158] In this way, beam control using RIS is expected to support multiple types of beam instruction.

[0159] <Analysis 2> As described above, a plurality of parameters are specified in the codebook / precoder for RIS. For example, the parameters include a parameter related to the codebook (k ｉ (which may be called codebook index), a parameter related to the distance between the BS / UE and the RIS (D ｉ ), etc.

[0160] However, it is not clear whether these parameters should be specified in separate or common fields for each beam (type). If these considerations are not sufficient, communication quality / system throughput may be reduced.

[0161] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for solving the above problems.

[0162] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0163] (Various Alternative Readings, etc.) In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interchangeable. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0164] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0165] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0166] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0167] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0168] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0169] In this disclosure, terms such as aperture, antenna array, array, subarray (multiple antenna elements, part of an array), panel, RIS, RIS array, scattering element array, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as antenna, antenna element, scattering element, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0170] In the present disclosure, NCR, RIS, NCR including RIS, NCR-MT, NCR-Fwd, network node, device, IAB, IAB-MT (Mobile Termination), IAB-DU (Distribution Unit), IAB-CU (Central Unit), terminal, base station, relay station, relay device, repeater, reflector, transmittance plate, RIS-NCR, RIS type NCR, extended NCR, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0171] In the present disclosure, spatial relationship, spatial relationship information, spatial relationship assumption, spatial domain transmit filter, UE spatial domain transmit filter, spatial domain filter, UE transmit beam, UL transmit beam, DL-RS, QCL assumption, SRI, and spatial relationship based on SRI, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0172] The terms TCI state, TCI state or QCL assumption, QCL assumption, spatial domain receive filter, UE spatial domain receive filter, spatial domain filter, UE receive beam, DL receive beam, and DL-RS may be interchangeable. The terms RS of QCL type D, DL-RS associated with QCL type D, DL-RS having QCL type D, source of DL-RS, SSB, CSI-RS, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0173] In the present disclosure, beam, spatial relationship, spatial domain filter, spatial domain parameter, TCI state, forwarding state, and forwarding configuration may be read interchangeably.

[0174] In the present disclosure, TRP, panel, CC, RIS panel, and group of RIS elements, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0175] In the present disclosure, the terms codebook, precoder, and beam may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0176] In the present disclosure, the types of beam instructions, beam index-based, codebook-based, Type A, and Type B may be read interchangeably.

[0177] In the present disclosure, information regarding beam instruction, (information regarding) the type of beam instruction, codebook-related parameters, codebook index, beam index, RIS-related parameters, parameters related to the distance between BS-RIS / RIS-UE, parameters related to the distance, capability information to support RIS, information regarding transmission resource set / transmission resources, transmission resource set, transmission resource, and time resource may be read as interchangeable.

[0178] In this disclosure, periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic may be read interchangeably.

[0179] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling, RRC, RRC configuration, MAC CE, MAC CE activation, physical layer signaling, DCI, and signaling for beam indication may be read interchangeably.

[0180] (Wireless communication method) The embodiments of the present disclosure can be broadly categorized as follows: 0th to 3rd embodiments: framework of beam instruction in RIS, 4th to 6th embodiments: higher layer configuration for beam instruction in RIS (RRC / MAC CE), 7th and 8th embodiments: beam instruction in RIS by DCI.

[0181] <Tenth Embodiment> The tenth embodiment will explain a framework for beam direction in a RIS in relation to the above-mentioned analyses 1 and 2.

[0182] In the present disclosure, the indicated beam / codebook may be applied to a RIS-UE link (e.g., a RIS-UE connection via an access link), in which case the beam / codebook for a BS-RIS link (e.g., a BS-RIS connection via a control link / backhaul link) may be indicated separately.

[0183] Alternatively, the indicated beam / codebook may be applied to both the RIS-UE link and the BS-RIS link, in which case the beam / codebook for the RIS-UE link and the BS-RIS link may be commonly / jointly indicated.

[0184] In the RIS, periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic beam pointing may be supported.

[0185] <Periodic Beam Indication> Forwarding resource sets may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC). Each forwarding resource set may include multiple forwarding resources.

[0186] A periodicity may be set for each transmission resource set, and a beam / codebook instruction and a time resource may be defined for each transmission resource set.

[0187] Semi-persistent beam direction: Forwarding resource sets may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC). Each forwarding resource set may include multiple forwarding resources.

[0188] A periodicity may be set for each transmission resource set, and a beam / codebook instruction and a time resource may be defined for each transmission resource set.

[0189] The MAC CE may activate / deactivate one forwarding resource set.

[0190] Aperiodic Beam Indication Beam / codebook indication and corresponding time resources may be indicated in the DCI.

[0191] According to the 0th embodiment described above, it is possible to clearly define the beam instruction in the RIS.

[0192] First Embodiment The first embodiment describes a framework for beam direction in a RIS.

[0193] [Type of Beam Indication] In the present disclosure, a type of beam indication may represent the following (codebook-based indication / beam index-based indication).

[0194] <Codebook-based Indication> In codebook-based indication, the structure / representation of the codebook may be defined in the specification, and the codebook index / codebook-related parameters may be set / indicated from the NW / BS to the RIS.

[0195] Different codebook structures / representations (if the codebook structures / representations are different) may be considered to be different types of beam direction. Also, the same codebook structure / representation (even if the codebook structures / representations are the same) may be considered to be different types of beam direction if the semi-statically configured upper layer parameters are different.

[0196] <Beam Index Based Indication> In beam index based indication, information to characterize the physical beam corresponding to the beam index may be processed by OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) or by RRC based on a capability report to RIS (supporting RIS).

[0197] Specifically, for beam index-based indication, different types may exist. For example, a RIS may have (be assigned) beam indexes #1 to #N of type A and beam indexes #1 to #M of type B. Information about the beam type, like information for characterizing physical beams, may be processed by the OAM or by the RRC based on a capability report (supporting RIS) to the RIS.

[0198] Periodic / Semi-persistent / Aperiodic Beam Pointing Periodic / Semi-persistent / Aperiodic beam pointing for RIS can apply at least one of the following options 1 to 4.

[0199] <Option 1> The types of beam pointing supported in periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic beam pointing may be predefined and fixed by a specification. For example, beam index-based pointing (beam pointing) may be supported in periodic / semi-persistent beam pointing, and codebook-based pointing (beam pointing) may be supported in aperiodic beam pointing.

[0200] <Option 2> The type of beam direction supported for periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic beam direction may be configured by higher layer parameters.

[0201] <Option 3> The type of beam pointing supported for periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic beam pointing may be subject to RIS capabilities (may be reported as RIS capabilities).

[0202] <Option 4> The type of beam direction supported, periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic beam direction, may be handled by the OAM.

[0203] <Variations> One (one type) or multiple (multiple types) periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic beam indications may be supported. Also, if multiple (types) of beam indications are supported, the type of beam indication may be indicated in the signaling of periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic beam indication.

[0204] According to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to clearly distinguish between types of beam instructions in the RIS.

[0205] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic beam pointing.

[0206] Regarding periodic / semi-persistent / non-periodic beam pointing, at least one of the following options 1-2 may be applied.

[0207] <Option 1> The codebook index and each codebook-related parameter may be indicated by separate fields.

[0208] <Option 2> The codebook index and the codebook-related parameter may be combined (integrated) and indicated as a combination index. For example, each combination index may indicate a combination of the codebook index and the codebook-related parameter (see FIG. 9 below).

[0209] The mapping (association) between the combination index, the codebook index, and the codebook-related parameters may be provided by the RRC / MAC CE / DCI or the OAM.

[0210] Regarding beam indication in the RIS, in the beam indication including multiple beams and multiple time resources, the multiple beams and multiple time resources correspond to multiple UEs. According to Option 2, the network can determine the optimal beam as a combination of codebook index and codebook-related parameters for each UE communicating through the RIS. Furthermore, the network can configure the combination in the RIS in advance.

[0211] Also, if the optimal beam for a UE is changed, the network can instruct the RIS to update the combination. In the beam indication signaling, the network may indicate only the combination index.

[0212] <Specific Example> A specific example of option 2 will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of associations between combination indexes, codebook indexes, and codebook-related parameters according to option 2.

[0213] 9 illustrates, as an example of the codebook-related parameter, a parameter related to the distance between the RIS and the UE, but is not limited to this. The codebook-related parameter may be a parameter related to the distance between the BS and the RIS, or a parameter related to the codebook of the RIS.

[0214] 9, combination indexes may be assigned x+1 indices from #0 to #x (x may be any integer). Codebook indexes may be assigned any value from #0 to #m (m may be an integer smaller than x). Codebook-related parameters may be assigned indices from #d0 to #dn (n is any integer and may be the same as x).

[0215] For example, {combination index #0} = {codebook index #0, codebook-related parameter #d0}, {combination index #1} = {codebook index #0, codebook-related parameter #d1}, {combination index #2} = {codebook index #1, codebook-related parameter #d2}, ..., {combination index #x} = {codebook index #m, codebook-related parameter #dn} may be associated.

[0216] 9, a codebook index may be associated with a common value across combination indexes (among a plurality of combination indexes). For example, codebook index #0 may be associated with combination indexes #0 and #1.

[0217] The association of the combination index, the codebook index, and the codebook-related parameters as shown in Fig. 9 may be provided by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), which may be separate from the signaling for beam direction.

[0218] For example, in periodic / semi-persistent beam direction, in codebook-based direction, each transmission resource can refer to a combination index and a time resource, i.e., a codebook-related parameter corresponds to a time resource, and the time resource may be associated with a combination index / codebook index.

[0219] In addition, in aperiodic beam indication, one or more combination indexes may be indicated in the DCI in codebook-based indication.

[0220] According to the second embodiment described above, beam instructions regarding the RIS can be performed appropriately.

[0221] Third Embodiment In the third embodiment, application of beam instruction taking multi-TRP into consideration to RIS will be described.

[0222] In NCR Rel. 18 and later, beam control that takes into account a multi-TRP / multi-CC framework is being considered. Such beam instructions for NCR may be applied to RIS.

[0223] For example, beam instruction in the RIS may be applied to each CC / TRP. More specifically, beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters may be indicated for each CC / TRP (which may be read as a RIS panel). Furthermore, CC index / TRP index may be included in the beam instruction signaling.

[0224] Multiple beam indexes / codebook indexes / codebook related parameters may be indicated for one time resource and may be applied simultaneously for one time resource.

[0225] For example, in periodic / semi-persistent beam indication signaling, multiple beam indices / codebook indices / codebook-related parameters may be indicated in one transmission resource.

[0226] In addition, in aperiodic beam indication signaling, multiple beam indices / codebook indices / codebook-related parameters may be indicated / mapped (associated) to one transmission resource.

[0227] According to the third embodiment described above, beam instruction in the NCR can be utilized to appropriately perform beam instruction in the RIS.

[0228] Fourth Embodiment In the fourth embodiment, a higher layer configuration (RRC) for a beam instruction from a RIS will be described.

[0229] The UE may receive configuration regarding beam direction using RIS via higher layer signaling (RRC).

[0230] For periodic / semi-persistent beam pointing using RIS, if multiple types of beam pointing are supported, the following options 1-2 may be applied.

[0231] <Option 1> All transmission resources in one transmission resource set may follow the same type of beam direction, where the type of beam direction may be configured for each transmission resource set, i.e., the type of beam direction may be different for each transmission resource set.

[0232] In option 1, the maximum number of transmission resource sets may be defined. For example, the maximum number of transmission resource sets may be defined for each beam designation type (Alt1). That is, different numbers (maximum numbers of transmission resource sets) may be defined for different beam designation types. Alternatively, the maximum number of transmission resource sets may be defined commonly for all beam designation types (Alt2).

[0233] In Option 1, the maximum number of transmission resources included in one transmission resource set may be defined differently for each type of beam indication, i.e., the maximum number of transmission resources included in one transmission resource set may be defined separately for each type of beam indication.

[0234] <Option 2> One transmission resource set may include transmission resources with different types of beam indication, i.e., the type of beam indication may be set for each transmission resource.

[0235] In option 2, the maximum number of transmission resources included in each transmission resource set may be defined. For example, the maximum number of transmission resources included in each transmission resource set may be defined for each type of beam direction (Alt 1). That is, different numbers (maximum numbers of transmission resources) may be defined for different types of beam direction. Alternatively, the maximum number of transmission resource sets may be defined commonly for all types of beam direction (Alt 2).

[0236] <Specific Example> A specific example of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 10 . Figs. 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating an example of RRC configuration according to the fourth embodiment. Specifically, Figs. 10A and 10B correspond to Option 1, and Fig. 10C corresponds to Option 2. Information regarding a certain transfer resource set (information indicating a certain transfer resource set) as shown in Fig. 10 may be included in higher layer signaling (RRC). Furthermore, Fig. 10 illustrates the configuration of one transfer resource set, but the configuration may exist for each transfer resource set (i.e., multiple transfer resource sets).

[0237] As shown in Figure 10A, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with a type of beam indication and multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer depending on the maximum number)). A beam indication type may be assigned / associated with {beam index base}.

[0238] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with {beam index, time resource}. Among multiple transmission resources, {beam index, time resource} may have some / all common values ​​or different values.

[0239] As shown in Figure 10B, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with a type of beam instruction, multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer depending on the maximum number)). A type of beam instruction may be assigned / associated with {codebook-based}.

[0240] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with {codebook index, codebook-related parameters, time resource}. Among multiple transmission resources, {codebook index, codebook-related parameters, time resource} may have some / all common values ​​or different values.

[0241] As shown in FIG. 10C, a certain transfer resource set may include / associate multiple transfer resources (transfer resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer according to the maximum number)). FIG. 10C shows a case where the types of beam instructions are different among the multiple transfer resources. Note that the transfer resources with different types of beam instructions are not limited to the example shown in FIG. 10C and may be any transfer resources.

[0242] Among the multiple transmission resources, a certain transmission resource (e.g., transmission resource #1) may be assigned / associated with {beam instruction type, beam index, time resource}. Other transmission resources (e.g., transmission resources #2 to #X) may be assigned / associated with {beam instruction type, codebook index, codebook-related parameters, time resource}. Among the multiple transmission resources, some / all of {beam instruction type, codebook index, codebook-related parameters, time resource} may be common values ​​or may have different values.

[0243] 10A-10C, depending on the structure / representation of the codebook, a codebook index may be indicated, or both a codebook index and other codebook-related parameters may be indicated. Furthermore, a codebook index and other codebook-related parameters may be indicated together with the combination (combination index) described in the second embodiment. That is, a combination index may be associated with each transmission resource in FIG. 10 in addition to or instead of a codebook index and a codebook-related parameter.

[0244] According to the fourth embodiment described above, beam instruction in the RIS can be performed appropriately.

[0245] Fifth Embodiment In the fifth embodiment, higher layer configuration (RRC / MAC CE) for a beam instruction from a RIS will be described.

[0246] The UE may receive the configuration regarding the RIS-based beam indication through higher layer signaling (RRC). The UE may also receive the RIS-based beam indication through higher layer signaling (MAC CE). That is, after receiving the configuration regarding the RIS-based beam indication through RRC, the UE may activate / update a specific beam indication through MAC CE.

[0247] For semi-persistent beam direction using RIS, if a semi-persistent transmission resource set / resource is activated, the transmission resource may be updated by the MAC CE. Specifically, the UE may apply the following options 1-2.

[0248] <Option 1> When the MAC CE indicates activation of a semi-persistent transmission resource set / transmission resource, the MAC CE may update / indicate the beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters for a certain transmission resource.

[0249] That is, in option 1, the UE may use the MAC CE to update / activate the beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters for a certain transmission resource.

[0250] <Variation of Option 1> In the case of codebook-based beam direction, some of the codebook-related parameters may be updated / instructed by the MAC CE, while other parts of the codebook-related parameters may not be updated / instructed by the MAC CE. For example, the codebook index may be updated, while other codebook-related parameters may not be updated.

[0251] <Option 2> When the activation of a semi-persistent transmission resource set / transmission resource is indicated by the MAC CE, the beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters for a certain transmission resource may not be updated / indicated by the MAC CE.

[0252] That is, in option 2, the UE does not need to use MAC CE to update / activate beam index / codebook index / codebook related parameters for a certain transmission resource.

[0253] <Other Variations> Depending on the type of beam indication, different options may be applied. Also, for a certain type of beam indication (e.g., beam index-based / codebook-based), whether the beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters of the transmission resource can be updated / indicated using the MAC CE may be predefined in the specification, may depend on the capability of the RIS, or may be configured by higher layer signaling.

[0254] <Specific Example> A specific example of the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 11 . Figs. 11A to 11D are diagrams illustrating an example of RRC configuration / MAC CE activation according to the fifth embodiment. Specifically, Fig. 11A corresponds to the RRC configuration of option 1, and Fig. 11B corresponds to the MAC CE activation of option 1. Furthermore, Fig. 11C corresponds to a variation of the RRC configuration of option 1, and Fig. 11D corresponds to a variation of the MAC CE activation of option 1. Furthermore, although Fig. 11 illustrates an example of an RRC / MAC CE for one transmission resource set, the RRC / MAC CE may exist for each transmission resource set (i.e., multiple RRC / MAC CEs).

[0255] As shown in FIG. 11A, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer according to the maximum number)).

[0256] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with {codebook index #m (m may be any integer), codebook-related parameter #x (x may be any integer), and time resource}. Among multiple transmission resources, some / all of the {codebook index, codebook-related parameter, and time resource} may be common values, or may have different values.

[0257] As shown in FIG. 11B, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer according to the maximum number)).

[0258] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with {codebook index #n (n may be any integer) and codebook-related parameter #y (y may be any integer)}. Some / all of the {codebook index, codebook-related parameter} may be common values ​​among multiple transmission resources, or may have different values.

[0259] That is, the MAC CE may not include information about time resources. The MAC CE shown in Figure 11B may update the corresponding codebook index / codebook-related parameters.

[0260] FIG. 11C has the same content as FIG. 11A, so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0261] As shown in FIG. 11D, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer according to the maximum number)).

[0262] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with only {codebook index #n (n may be any integer)}. Among multiple transmission resources, some / all of the {codebook indexes} may be common values, or may have different values.

[0263] That is, the MAC CE may not include information about codebook-related parameters and time resources, and the MAC CE shown in Fig. 11D may only update the corresponding codebook index.

[0264] According to the fifth embodiment described above, beam instruction in the RIS can be performed appropriately.

[0265] Sixth Embodiment In the sixth embodiment, higher layer configuration (RRC / MAC CE) for a beam instruction from a RIS will be described.

[0266] The UE may receive the beam indication using RIS via higher layer signaling (MAC CE), i.e., the UE may activate / update a specific beam indication via MAC CE.

[0267] For periodic / semi-persistent beam indication using RIS, if multiple types of beam indication are supported and semi-persistent transmission resource sets / transmission resources are activated, the type of beam indication may be updated by the MAC CE. Specifically, the UE may apply the following options 1 and 2.

[0268] <Option 1> When activation of a semi-persistent transmission resource set / transmission resource is indicated by the MAC CE, the beam index / codebook index / codebook related parameters for a certain transmission resource may be updated / indicated by the MAC CE according to the same type of beam indication as that used in the RRC configuration.

[0269] That is, in option 1, the UE may use MAC CE to update / activate beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters for a certain transmission resource according to the type of beam indication configured in RRC.

[0270] <Option 2> When activation of a semi-persistent transmission resource set / transmission resource is indicated by the MAC CE, the beam index / codebook index / codebook related parameters for a certain transmission resource may be updated / indicated by the MAC CE using a type of beam indication different from the type of beam indication used in the RRC configuration.

[0271] That is, in option 2, the UE may use MAC CE to update / activate beam index / codebook index / codebook related parameters for a certain transmission resource based on a beam indication type different from the beam indication type configured in RRC.

[0272] In option 2, the MAC CE may indicate the type of beam indication. For example, the MAC CE may indicate the type of beam indication for each transmission resource set (option 2-1). Alternatively, the MAC CE may indicate the type of beam indication for each transmission resource (option 2-2).

[0273] Depending on the type of beam indication, different options may be applied, and whether MAC CE can be used to allow different types of beam indication than RRC configuration may be predefined in the specification, may depend on the capabilities of the RIS, or may be configured by higher layer signaling.

[0274] <Other Variations> For example, the MAC CE may update from a beam instruction of type A to a beam instruction of type B. On the other hand, the MAC CE may not update from a beam instruction of type B to a beam instruction of type A.

[0275] <Specific Example> A specific example of the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 12. Figs. 12A to 12C are diagrams illustrating an example of MAC CE activation according to the sixth embodiment. Specifically, Figs. 12A and 12B correspond to Option 2-1, and Fig. 12C corresponds to Option 2-2. Information regarding a certain forwarding resource set (information indicating a certain forwarding resource set) as shown in Fig. 12 may be included in higher layer signaling (MAC CE). Furthermore, Fig. 12 illustrates the configuration of one forwarding resource set, but the configuration may exist for each forwarding resource set (i.e., multiple sets).

[0276] As shown in Figure 12A, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with a type of beam indication and multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer depending on the maximum number)). A {beam index base} may be assigned / associated with the type of beam indication.

[0277] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with a {beam index}. Among multiple transmission resources, some / all of the {beam index} may be a common value, or may have different values.

[0278] As shown in Figure 12B, a transmission resource set may include / be associated with a type of beam instruction, multiple transmission resources (transmission resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer depending on the maximum number)). A type of beam instruction may be assigned / associated with {codebook-based}.

[0279] Each transmission resource may be assigned / associated with {codebook index, codebook-related parameters}. Some / all of the {codebook index, codebook-related parameters} may be common values ​​among multiple transmission resources, or may have different values.

[0280] As shown in FIG. 12C, a certain transfer resource set may include / be associated with multiple transfer resources (transfer resources #1 to #X (X may be any integer according to the maximum number)). FIG. 12C shows a case where the types of beam instructions are different among the multiple transfer resources. Note that the transfer resources with different types of beam instructions are not limited to the example of FIG. 12C and may be any transfer resources.

[0281] Among the multiple transmission resources, a certain transmission resource (e.g., transmission resource #1) may be assigned / associated with {beam instruction type, beam index, time resource}. Other transmission resources (e.g., transmission resources #2 to #X) may be assigned / associated with {beam instruction type, codebook index, codebook-related parameters, time resource}. Among the multiple transmission resources, some / all of {beam instruction type, codebook index, codebook-related parameters, time resource} may be common values ​​or may have different values.

[0282] According to the sixth embodiment described above, beam instruction in the RIS can be performed appropriately.

[0283] Seventh Embodiment In the seventh embodiment, a beam instruction of a RIS by DCI will be described.

[0284] The UE may receive beam instructions using the RIS via physical layer signaling (DCI).

[0285] For aperiodic beam indication using RIS, one or more beam indications may be indicated by one DCI. Specifically, the UE may apply the following options 1 to 3.

[0286] <Option 1> Multiple beam indices / codebook indices / codebook-related parameters and multiple time resources may be indicated in one DCI, where the beam indices / codebook indices / codebook-related parameters / time resources may be associated with each other, and each beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameter may be applied to the corresponding time resource(s).

[0287] <Option 2> One beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameter and one time resource may be indicated in one DCI.

[0288] <Option 3> One beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameter and multiple time resources may be indicated in one DCI, and the beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameter may apply to multiple time resources.

[0289] According to the seventh embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately control the beam instruction of the RIS using the DCI.

[0290] Eighth Embodiment In the eighth embodiment, a beam instruction of a RIS by DCI will be described.

[0291] The UE may receive beam instructions using the RIS via physical layer signaling (DCI).

[0292] For aperiodic beam indication using RIS, if multiple types of beam indication are supported, different types of beam indication may be indicated by separate / single DCI. Specifically, the UE may apply the following options 1 to 3.

[0293] <Option 1> Different types of beam instructions may use different DCI formats / different RNTIs.

[0294] Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of information related to beam instructions included in DCI according to Option 1. As shown in Fig. 13, a certain DCI format #x or DCI scrambled by RNTI #x (#x may represent any index) may include beam index instructions #1 to #N and time resource instructions #1 to #N.

[0295] Furthermore, a certain DCI format #y or a DCI scrambled by RNTI #y (#y may represent any index) may include codebook index indications #1 to #N, codebook-related parameters #1 to #N, combination indexes #1 to #N, and time resource indications #1 to #N. Some or all of the codebook index indications, codebook-related parameters, and combination indexes may be included in the DCI.

[0296] <Option 2> Different types of beam indications may use the same DCI format / same RNTI. One DCI can only indicate one type of beam indication for beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameters. If multiple beam indexes / codebook indexes / codebook-related parameters are included in one DCI, all beam indexes / codebook indexes / codebook-related parameters may correspond to the same type of beam indication. One field in the DCI may indicate the type of beam indication.

[0297] 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of information related to beam indication included in DCI according to Option 2. As illustrated in FIG. 14, a certain DCI format or DCI scrambled by RNTI may include a type of beam indication, beam indexes #1 to #N, codebook index indications #1 to #N, codebook-related parameters #1 to #N, combination indexes #1 to #N, and time resource indications #1 to #N. Some or all of the beam indexes, codebook index indications, codebook-related parameters, and combination indexes may be included in the DCI.

[0298] <Option 3> One DCI may indicate beam indexes / codebook indexes / codebook-related parameters using multiple types of beam indications. When one DCI is used to indicate multiple beam indexes / codebook indexes / codebook-related parameters, each beam index / codebook index / codebook-related parameter may correspond to a different type of beam indication. Multiple fields in the DCI may indicate multiple (different) types of beam indications. Each type of beam indication may be associated with each beam indication / codebook indication in turn.

[0299] 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of information regarding beam indication included in DCI according to Option 3. As illustrated in FIG. 15, a certain DCI format or DCI scrambled by RNTI may include beam indication types #1 to #N, beam indexes #1 to #X, codebook indexes #1 to #Y, codebook-related parameters #1 to #Y, combination indexes #1 to #Y, and time resource indications #1 to #N. Here, X + Y may equal N. Some or all of the beam index, codebook index indication, codebook-related parameters, and combination index may be included in the DCI.

[0300] <Variations> In options 2 / 3, to align the DCI size, the DCI size may be determined based on the maximum size required for different types of beam indication. If there are unused bits depending on the type of beam indication, these bits may be reserved bits, set to 0 or 1, or ignored.

[0301] According to the eighth embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately control the beam instruction of the RIS using the DCI.

[0302] <Supplementary Information> [Notification of Information to UE / Relay Device] In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) to a UE / relay device (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE / relay device) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, signaling by OAM), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0303] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0304] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0305] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE / relay device in the above embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic.

[0306] [Notification of Information from UE / Relay Device] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE / relay device (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE / relay device to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, signaling by OAM), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0307] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0308] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0309] Furthermore, any information from the UE / relay device in the above embodiments may be notified periodically, semi-persistently or aperiodically.

[0310] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE, a relay device, or a BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0311] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs / relay devices that have reported or support a particular capability (capability, capability information, UE capability, relay capability).

[0312] The specific capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting specific processes / operations / controls / information for at least one of the above embodiments; Supporting RIS types NCR / NCR / NCR-MT / NCR-Fwd / RIS; Supporting codebooks for NF / FF; Supporting aperture adaptation.

[0313] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0314] Furthermore, the specific capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (for example, Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0315] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a UE / relay device configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiment (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiment) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating that the operations of the above-described embodiment are enabled, any RRC parameters for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19 or later), etc.

[0316] If the UE / relay does not support at least one of the specific capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, it may apply the behavior of, for example, Rel. 15 / 16 / 17 / 18.

[0317] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding an embodiment (0th to 3rd embodiments) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a receiver that receives higher layer signaling related to a beam instruction via a relay device; and a controller that controls transmission and reception of at least one of a specific signal and a channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the higher layer signaling includes information on a forwarding resource set. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the higher layer signaling includes information on a type of the beam instruction. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the beam instruction is indicated by at least one of a codebook index, a codebook-related parameter, and a combination index indicating a combination of the codebook index and the codebook-related parameter. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the beam instruction is indicated for each component carrier or for each transmission and reception point.

[0318] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding an embodiment (fourth to sixth embodiments) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a receiver that receives higher layer signaling related to a beam instruction via a relay device; and a controller that controls transmission and reception of at least one of a specific signal and a channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the higher layer signaling includes information related to a forwarding resource set, and a type of beam instruction is set for at least one of a plurality of forwarding resources included in the forwarding resource set. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the forwarding resource set is associated with at least one of a beam index, a codebook index, and a time resource. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiver receives Radio Resource Control (RRC) and MAC Control Element (MAC CE) related to the beam instruction, and the controller activates a specific beam instruction by the MAC CE from among a plurality of beam instructions set by the RRC. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the control unit activates a specific beam instruction based on the beam instruction when the semi-persistent transmission resource set is activated.

[0319] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding an embodiment (seventh to eighth embodiments) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal comprising: a receiver that receives downlink control information (DCI) related to a beam instruction via a relay device; and a controller that controls transmission and reception of at least one of a specific signal and a channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the DCI includes information on at least one of one or more beam indexes, codebook indexes, and time resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the DCI includes information on a combination index that indicates a combination of the codebook index and the codebook-related parameter. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein one DCI indicates at least one of one or more beam indexes, codebook indexes, and time resources. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the DCI is a DCI in a certain DCI format or scrambled by a certain Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), and different types of beam instructions are indicated by separate or one DCI.

[0320] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0321] 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0322] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0323] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0324] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0325] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0326] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0327] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0328] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0329] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node, an NCR, or a RIS-NCR.

[0330] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0331] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0332] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0333] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0334] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0335] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0336] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0337] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0338] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0339] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0340] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0341] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0342] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0343] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0344] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0345] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0346] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0347] (Base Station) Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0348] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0349] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0350] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0351] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0352] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0353] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0354] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0355] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0356] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0357] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0358] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0359] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0360] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0361] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0362] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0363] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0364] The transceiver 120 may transmit higher layer signaling / downlink control information (DCI) regarding the beam instruction via the relay device. The controller 110 may control transmission and reception of at least one of a specific signal and a channel based on the beam instruction.

[0365] (User Terminal) Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0366] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0367] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0368] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0369] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0370] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0371] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0372] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0373] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0374] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0375] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0376] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0377] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0378] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0379] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0380] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0381] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0382] Note that the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0383] The transceiver 220 may receive higher layer signaling / downlink control information (DCI) related to the beam direction via a relay device. The transceiver 220 may receive radio resource control (RRC) and MAC control elements (MAC CE) related to the beam direction.

[0384] The higher layer signaling may include information regarding a transmission resource set. The higher layer signaling may include information regarding a type of the beam indication. The beam indication may be indicated by at least one of a codebook index, a codebook-related parameter, and a combination index indicating a combination of the codebook index and the codebook-related parameter.

[0385] The beam indication may be indicated for each component carrier or for each transmitting / receiving point. A type of beam indication may be configured for at least one of a plurality of transmission resources included in the transmission resource set. At least one of a beam index, a codebook index, and a time resource may be associated with the transmission resource set.

[0386] The DCI may include information on at least one of one or more beam indexes, codebook indexes, and time resources. The DCI may include information on a combination index indicating a combination of the codebook index and the codebook-related parameter. At least one of one or more beam indexes, codebook indexes, and time resources may be indicated by one DCI. The DCI may be a DCI in a certain DCI format or scrambled by a certain Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), and different types of beam indications may be indicated by separate DCIs or by one DCI.

[0387] The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception of at least one of a specific signal and a channel based on the beam indication. The control unit 210 may activate a specific beam indication from among multiple beam indications set by the RRC using the MAC CE. The control unit 210 may activate the specific beam indication based on the beam indication when the semi-persistent transmission resource set is activated.

[0388] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0389] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0390] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0391] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0392] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0393] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0394] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0395] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0396] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0397] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0398] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0399] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0400] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0401] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0402] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0403] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0404] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0405] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0406] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0407] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0408] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0409] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0410] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0411] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0412] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0413] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0414] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0415] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0416] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0417] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0418] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0419] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0420] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0421] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0422] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0423] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0424] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0425] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0426] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0427] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0428] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0429] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0430] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0431] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0432] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0433] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0434] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0435] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0436] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0437] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0438] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0439] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0440] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0441] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0442] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0443] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0444] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0445] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0446] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0447] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0448] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0449] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0450] 20 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0451] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0452] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0453] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0454] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0455] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0456] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0457] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0458] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0459] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0460] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0461] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0462] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0463] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0464] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0465] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0466] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0467] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0468] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0469] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0470] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0471] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0472] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0473] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0474] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0475] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0476] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0477] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0478] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0479] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0480] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0481] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0482] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0483] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0484] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives higher layer signaling regarding a beam instruction via a relay device; and a control unit that controls transmission and reception of at least one specific signal and channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the higher layer signaling includes information regarding a forwarding resource set; and a type of beam instruction is set for at least one of a plurality of forwarding resources included in the forwarding resource set.

2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the transmission resource set is associated with at least one of a beam index, a codebook index, and a time resource.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a radio resource control (RRC) and a MAC control element (MAC CE) related to the beam instruction, and the control unit activates a specific beam instruction by the MAC CE among a plurality of beam instructions set by the RRC.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit activates a specific beam instruction based on the beam instruction when the semi-persistent transmission resource set is activated.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of receiving higher layer signaling regarding a beam instruction via a relay device; and a step of controlling transmission and reception of at least one specific signal and channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the higher layer signaling includes information regarding a forwarding resource set; and a type of beam instruction is set for at least one of a plurality of forwarding resources included in the forwarding resource set.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits higher layer signaling regarding a beam instruction via a relay device; and a control unit that controls transmission and reception of at least one specific signal and channel based on the beam instruction, wherein the higher layer signaling includes information regarding a transfer resource set; and a type of beam instruction is set for at least one of a plurality of transfer resources included in the transfer resource set.

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