Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that receives, via a target, a downlink (DL) sensing resource transmitted from a base station; and a control unit that controls measurement of the DL sensing resource. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, measurement / reporting of the sensing resource can be appropriately performed.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Various sensing methods are being considered for future wireless communication systems. For example, a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) / base station (e.g., gNB) may transmit sensing resources to the base station / UE via a target.

[0006] However, the details of how to measure and report sensing resources have not been clarified. If these issues are not sufficiently addressed, there is a risk that sensing accuracy and communication quality will be reduced.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately measure and report sensing resources.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a receiving unit that receives downlink (DL) sensing resources transmitted from a base station via an object, and a control unit that controls measurement of the DL sensing resources.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, sensing resources can be measured / reported appropriately.

[0010] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example of monostatic sensing at a BS. FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating an example of monostatic sensing at a UE. FIGS. 2A to 2D are diagrams illustrating examples of bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing architecture. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating switching between OFDM and Chirp based on a unified framework. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of Option 1-3-1. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of Option 1-3-2. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of Option 1-3-3. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (TCI, spatial relationship, QCL) In NR, it is considered to control the reception processing (e.g., at least one of reception, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and transmission processing (e.g., at least one of transmission, mapping, precoding, modulation, and encoding) in a UE of at least one of a signal and a channel (referred to as a signal / channel) based on a transmission configuration indication state (TCI state).

[0012] The TCI state may represent that which is applied to a downlink signal / channel, and the equivalent of the TCI state that is applied to an uplink signal / channel may be expressed as a spatial relation.

[0013] The TCI state is information about the Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) of signals / channels, and may also be called spatial reception parameters, spatial relation information, etc. The TCI state may be configured in the UE for each channel or signal.

[0014] The QCL is an index indicating the statistical properties of signals / channels. For example, if a signal / channel has a QCL relationship with another signal / channel, it may mean that it can be assumed that at least one of a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, an average delay, a delay spread, and a spatial parameter (e.g., a spatial Rx parameter) is the same between these different signals / channels (i.e., the signals / channels have a QCL with respect to at least one of these).

[0015] The spatial reception parameters may correspond to a reception beam (e.g., a reception analog beam) of the UE, and the beam may be identified based on a spatial QCL. The QCL (or at least one element of the QCL) in the present disclosure may be replaced with sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0016] A plurality of types (QCL types) of QCL may be defined. For example, four QCL types A to D may be provided, each having different parameters (or parameter sets) that can be assumed to be the same. The parameters (which may be referred to as QCL parameters) are as follows: QCL type A (QCL-A): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread QCL type B (QCL-B): Doppler shift and Doppler spread QCL type C (QCL-C): Doppler shift and mean delay QCL type D (QCL-D): Spatial reception parameters.

[0017] The UE's assumption that a Control Resource Set (CORESET), channel, or reference signal has a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) relationship with another CORESET, channel, or reference signal may be referred to as a QCL assumption.

[0018] The UE may determine at least one of a transmit beam (Tx beam) and a receive beam (Rx beam) for a signal / channel based on the TCI condition or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0019] The TCI state may be, for example, information about the QCL between the channel of interest (in other words, the Reference Signal (RS) for that channel) and another signal (e.g., another RS). The TCI state may be set (indicated) by higher layer signaling, physical layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0020] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0021] The channel for which the TCI state or spatial relationship is set (specified) may be, for example, at least one of a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), and an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)).

[0022] Furthermore, the RS that has a QCL relationship with the channel may be, for example, at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a tracking CSI-RS (also called a tracking reference signal (TRS)), and a QCL detection reference signal (also called a QRS).

[0023] An SSB is a signal block including at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). An SSB may also be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0024] An RS of QCL type X in a TCI state may refer to an RS that has a QCL type X relationship with a certain channel / signal (DMRS), and this RS may be called a QCL source of QCL type X in the TCI state.

[0025] (Wireless sensing technology) Sensing technologies that use radio waves (wireless sensing technology, object detection, etc.) are being studied. Wireless sensing technology is thought to have the following advantages over other sensing technologies: - Sensing that uses moving images or infrared rays is only applicable to specific directions, whereas wireless sensing technology is not limited to a specific direction and can make use of characteristics such as diffraction. - Wireless sensing technology can be implemented at a low cost compared to moving image capture functions.

[0026] With wireless sensing technology, sensing results can be collected at a base station (BS), and the collected information can be used to generate advanced cyberspace, or to provide feedback to the real world.

[0027] Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) The motivation for ISAC is to achieve high sensing performance and new / extended services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and possible requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address different target industries / applications are considered, and some use cases may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, camera).

[0028] Use cases include, for example, intruder detection in smart home environments, sensing for railway (train) intrusion detection, flood sensing in smart cities, and sensing for traffic management in tourist destinations.

[0029] ISAC considers sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered. Furthermore, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC are considered, including higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing.

[0030] In ISAC, the challenges are unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmit signals, receive signals) and sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmit signals, reflected signals) through beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI / DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmit signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals).

[0031] Three types of radar and communication systems have been considered based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth. The three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). In the following, we focus on ISAC systems, in which hardware and bandwidth are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0032] Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radars, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.

[0033] <Sensing Method> In the ISAC system, sensing may be achieved by, for example, the following six methods: In this disclosure, a target (sensing target) may be a person, an animal, or an object (e.g., a car, rain, other obstacles, etc.). The target may be different for each use case.

[0034] [Sensing method 1] Monostatic sensing at BS (gNB).

[0035] The example of Figure 1A is monostatic sensing at a BS. In this example, the sensing transceiver is a BS. The sensing transceiver transmits a sensing signal / ISAC signal (DL signal) and receives an echo signal (UL signal) from a target. The BS may also transmit a communication signal / ISAC signal to a UE. The UE may receive the communication signal / ISAC signal from the BS and feed back the reception result to the BS.

[0036] [Sensing Method 2] Monostatic sensing at the UE.

[0037] The example of Figure 1B is monostatic sensing in a UE. In this example, the sensing transceiver is the UE. The sensing transceiver transmits a sensing signal / ISAC signal (UL signal) and receives an echo signal (DL signal) from the target. The UE transmits a communication signal / ISAC signal to the BS. The BS receives the communication signal / ISAC signal from the UE and may feed back the reception result to the UE.

[0038] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Methods 1 and 2 include sensing targets close to the sensing transceiver (BS or UE), high or medium signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for Sensing Methods 1 and 2 include full duplex (a high requirement) at the BS or UE. Sensing performance of Sensing Methods 1 and 2 includes high accuracy due to no quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.

[0039] The following sensing methods 3 to 6 relate to bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing in a BS / UE. A sensing transmitter transmits a communication signal, and a sensing receiver receives the signal affected by an object. In this example, the sensing transmitter is a BS or a UE, and the sensing receiver is an associated BS or an associated UE.

[0040] [Sensing method 3] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between gNBs.

[0041] The example in Figure 2A is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS (gNB) and BS (gNB). At the base station side, signal transmission (DL) is performed, and at another base station side, sensing of echo / reflection (UL) from the target is performed.

[0042] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Method 3 include very tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. The capability requirements for Sensing Method 3 include half-duplex (low requirement) and synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (high requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Method 3 includes high accuracy without quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and medium latency.

[0043] [Sensing method 4] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between UE and gNB.

[0044] The example of Figure 2B is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between a UE and a BS (gNB). At the UE side, signal transmission (UL) is performed, and at the base station side, sensing of echoes / reflections (UL) from targets is performed. This signal / echo / reflection may be referred to as an UL sensing resource.

[0045] [Sensing method 5] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between gNB and UE.

[0046] The example of Figure 2C is bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing between BS (gNB) and UE. Signal transmission (DL) is performed on the base station side, and sensing of echo / reflection (DL) from the target is performed on the UE side. This signal / echo / reflection may be called a DL sensing resource.

[0047] [Sensing Method 6] Bistatic / multistatic sensing between UEs.

[0048] The example of Fig. 2D is UE-to-UE bistatic / multistatic sensing, where a signal is transmitted (UL) at a UE side and an echo / reflection (DL) from an object is sensed at another UE side.

[0049] Scenarios suitable for Sensing Methods 4 to 6 include UEs communicating around the sensing target. The performance requirements for Sensing Methods 4 to 6 are half-duplex (low requirement) and UEs with high computational resources (high requirement). The performance requirements for Sensing Methods 5 and 6 may further include UEs with high computational resources / detection of reflected signals (high requirement). The sensing performance of Sensing Methods 4 to 6 includes medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.

[0050] The echo / reflection signal may be an echo / reflection signal of a communication signal or an echo / reflection signal of a radar signal.

[0051] (Key performance indicators (KPIs) for sensing (from a use case perspective)) ISAC's KPIs include the area or range coverage of the sensing service, resolution (distance / speed), latency, refreshing rate, probability of non-detection or detection, confidence level, and false detection.

[0052] The positioning KPIs considered were location accuracy, velocity accuracy, heading accuracy, timestamp accuracy, availability, latency, time to first decision, update rate, power consumption, energy per decision, and system scalability.

[0053] Different KPIs may be applied to different use cases. Some KPIs for sensing and positioning may be the same. The same KPIs may be applied to at least some of the use cases in sensing and positioning. Therefore, the design for NR positioning may serve as a baseline for sensing.

[0054] <Sensing Method> The sensing method may be at least one of the above-described sensing methods 1 to 6. Multiple sensing methods may require different capabilities for the UE / BS. The sensing signal may be a signal for a sensing function.

[0055] The sensing signal may be at least one of a communication signal and a communication waveform. The sensing signal may be a signal with at least one of a CP-OFDM and a DFT-s-OFDM waveform in a communication system. The signal may be at least one of a PRS, an SRS, a CSI-RS, an SSB, a PDSCH, and a PUSCH, for example.

[0056] The sensing signal may be at least one of a radar signal and a radar waveform. In a radar system, the sensing signal may be a signal with at least one of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), a linear frequency modulation (LFM), and a chirp waveform (CW).

[0057] The sensing signal may be at least one of an ISAC signal and an ISAC waveform. The UE may be a terminal with communication capabilities. The sensing target may or may not have communication capabilities.

[0058] In 5G wireless sensing, 5G system (5GS) functionality provides the ability to use NR RF signals to obtain information about at least one of characteristics of an environment and objects within the environment. The information may include at least one of shape, size, velocity, position, distance, and relative movement between multiple objects. In some cases, 5GS functionality may provide the ability to obtain information predefined in EPC / E-UTRA.

[0059] The sensing transmitter may be an entity that emits sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be an NR radio access network (RAN) node or a UE. The sensing transmitter may be located within the same entity as the sensing receiver or within a different entity from the sensing receiver.

[0060] The sensing receiver may be an entity that receives sensing signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing receiver may be an NR RAN node or a UE. The sensing receiver may be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or in a different entity from the sensing transmitter.

[0061] A sensing group may be a set of one or more UEs that support sensing operations, the locations of all UEs in the set may be known, and sensing measurement data for the set of UEs may be collected simultaneously.

[0062] The sensing measurement data may be data collected on radio / wireless signals affected by the object or environment targeted for sensing.

[0063] The sensing measurement process in the present disclosure may be a process of collecting sensing measurement data.

[0064] The sensed result (measurement result) in this disclosure may be information derived from processing of sensed measurement data, for example, a property of an object or an environment.

[0065] Sensing types in this disclosure may include monostatic, monostatic with cooperation (of two or more transmitters and receivers), bistatic, bistatic with cooperation (of two or more receivers), multistatic, or passive sensing.

[0066] (Examples of Sensing Methods / Architectures / Protocols) Sensing Modes / Methods Sensing modes / methods may be defined in the specification. The modes / methods may follow at least one of the following options:

[0067] -Option 1 Similar to the NR positioning mode / method, the sensing mode / method may be categorized and supported into UE-based (UE-RAN-based), UE-assisted, LMF-based, SMF-based, and NG-RAN node-assisted (UE-assisted) versions.

[0068] - Option 2 Sensing modes / methods may be classified and supported, such as from the sensing methods mentioned above.

[0069] <Sensing Architecture and Protocol (1)> Sensing may reuse / repurpose the NR positioning architecture and protocol, or may be an extension based on the NR positioning architecture and protocol.

[0070] 3 shows an example of a sensing architecture. The AMF is extended for managing sensing requests. The LMF is extended for managing coordination and scheduling resources required for sensing.

[0071] Between the NG-RAN node and the LMF, the NRPPa may be extended to support sensing functions, which may include at least one of forwarding sensing-related measurements from the ng-eNB to the LMF, collecting sensing-related data from the gNB, and sending measurement configuration information from the LMF to the NG-RAN node.

[0072] Between the UE and the LMF, the LPP may be extended to support sensing functions for sensing modes / methods related to UE assistance. Multiple sensing information message request / response pairings may be defined for different sensing methods / modes and sensing capability transfer.

[0073] <Sensing Architecture and Protocol (2)> The new sensing architecture and protocol differ from the NR positioning architecture and protocol and may include at least one of the following features: - A new AMF is introduced for managing sensing requests. - A new function, sensing management function (SMF), is introduced for managing coordination and scheduling resources required for sensing. - A new protocol (such as NRPPa or based on NRPPa) between the NG-RAN node and the new SMF may be introduced. - A new protocol (such as LPP or based on LPP) between the UE and the new SMF may be introduced.

[0074] New measurements for each sensing method / mode (RSRP, time difference, AOA, AOD, delay, CSI, channel impulse response, power / delay / time domain profile, measurement timing, Doppler / velocity, absence, probability of detection / false alarm, etc.) may be introduced.

[0075] (Flexible Switching Between OFDM and Chirp Based on a Unified Framework) The following describes an overview of flexible switching between OFDM and Chirp based on a unified framework in this disclosure. The UE / base station generates a communication waveform (OFDM) and a sensing waveform (chirp) based on the structure of the communication transmitter, respectively, to realize ISAC ultra-long-distance sensing.

[0076] Figure 4 shows an overview of OFDM and chirp switching based on a unified framework. A resource containing communication symbols and sensing symbols is divided into communication symbols and sensing symbols. The UE then changes the modulation mode and pattern of the sensing symbols to generate a set of orthogonal chirp waveforms. This enables remote sensing and communication (Feature 1).

[0077] The UE / base station performs spectrum shaping on the sensing symbols and then performs resource mapping. In spectrum shaping, a frequency domain shaping operation is performed, dynamically generating different types of chirp waveforms (linear / triangular / trapezoidal) depending on the sensing accuracy and algorithm complexity (Feature 2). Note that the mth element of spectrum shaping is the given chirp waveform e jφ(t) are the Fourier coefficients of

[0078] Then, the TDM switch switches between communication symbols and sensing symbols, and the output signal undergoes an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), parallel / serial (P / S) conversion, and cyclic prefix (CP) assignment.

[0079] The UE / base station controls resource mapping that multiplexes sensing resources using chirp waveforms and communication resources using OFDM. The UE / base station transmits sensing RSs using ZC sequences / pre-chirp sequences in the sensing resources. The communication resources include, for example, at least one of RSs other than the sensing RS and data (PUSCH / PDSCH), and the sensing resources include, for example, RSs (sensing RSs).

[0080] [Option 1] A TDM-based sensing RS design may be used. The UE allocates the entire bandwidth (frequency band) to the sensing RS. The sensing RS and other communication RSs / data are transmitted using the TDM method. In this case, since the entire bandwidth is allocated to the sensing RS, distance sensing performance is improved.

[0081] The entire band may be, for example, a frequency resource / bandwidth allocated / configured / defined in units such as resource block (RB) / resource block group (RBG) of an RS, a BWP set in a UE, a channel bandwidth in a band, or a combination thereof, but is not limited to these definitions.

[0082] [Option 2] An FDM-based sensing RS design may be used. The UE allocates resources for the entire time period to the sensing RS. The sensing RS and other communication RSs / data are transmitted using FDM. In this case, the sensing RS occupies all symbols in the time domain, resulting in high speed sensing performance.

[0083] Resources for the entire time period are, for example, time resources allocated / configured / designated in units such as symbols (groups) / slots (groups) / subframes for RS sensing, or resources in which specific frequency resources / subbands are always used only for RS sensing, but are not limited to these.

[0084] [Option 3] A Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) based sensing RS design may be used. By using CDM, the UE can fully utilize the time / frequency resources for both the sensing RS and the communication RS / data. CDM provides orthogonality between sensing and communication. This case is characterized by high sensing resolution and ambiguity range for distance and velocity.

[0085] [Option 4] A Polarization Division Multiplex (PDM)-based sensing RS design may be used. When PDM is used, both the sensing RS and the communication RS / data fully occupy the time / frequency resources. Different powers are allocated to sensing and communication. The PDM-based sensing RS design has the advantages of good resolution and ambiguity range for distance and velocity detection.

[0086] PDM and CDM may be used jointly. In this case, the CDM code may be a sequence using time domain orthogonal codes (TD-OCC) / frequency domain orthogonal codes (FD-OCC), or another orthogonal or non-orthogonal sequence.

[0087] [Option 5] A Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)-based sensing RS design is described. In SDM-based sensing RS, both the sensing RS and communication RS / data fully utilize the time / frequency resources. To achieve SDM, sensing and communication use different spatial precoders / beamformers. In this case, the detection resolution of distance and velocity is high and the ambiguity range is also wide.

[0088] <Applicability of DL and UL Sensing RS Design> The applicability of DL and UL sensing RS design will be described. Different RS patterns have different advantages and application scenarios. To support different requirements in different scenarios, it is preferable to apply each RS pattern based on the applicability of each RS design option in DL and UL.

[0089] For example, the UE / base station may receive a configuration indicating a requirement for sensing RS design, and based on that requirement, determine the method of multiplexing (TDM / FDM / CDM / SDM / PDM) between the sensing resources and the communication resources.

[0090] [TDM-based] Advantages: Simple implementation of transmitter and receiver is possible. Sensing performance and communication performance do not affect each other. Good distance detection performance. Application scenarios: Cases where high distance detection performance and low communication efficiency requirements must be achieved with low complexity.

[0091] [FDM-based] Advantages: - Simple implementation of transmitter and receiver is possible. - Sensing performance and communication performance do not affect each other. - Good speed detection performance. Application scenarios: - Cases where high-speed sensing performance and low communication efficiency are required to be achieved with low complexity.

[0092] [CDM-based] Advantages: Good resolution for distance and speed detection. High communication efficiency. Application scenarios: Cases where high distance / speed sensing resolution and high communication efficiency are required along with high complexity.

[0093] [PDM-based] Advantages: Good resolution for distance and speed detection. High communication efficiency. Application scenarios: Cases where high distance / speed sensing resolution and high communication efficiency are required along with high complexity.

[0094] [SDM-based] Advantages: Good resolution for distance and speed detection. High communication efficiency. Application scenarios: Cases where high distance / speed sensing resolution and high communication efficiency are required along with high complexity.

[0095] [Application Scope of DL Sensing RS Design] The application scope of DL sensing RS design will be described. For DL, it is preferable to design a sensing RS taking into consideration the transmission power and communication efficiency of the network, compatibility with a complex UE receiver, and the like.

[0096] Option 1: TDM-based sensing RS pattern with ZC and pre-chirp sequence and FDM-based sensing RS are applied in DL considering the requirement of low receiving complexity.

[0097] Option 2: CDM-, PDM- and SDM-based RS patterns using ZC and pre-chirp sequences are applied to UEs that support (have the capability of) high reception complexity and DL for those UEs, considering high communication efficiency.

[0098] Option 3: CDM-, PDM-, SDM-based RS patterns with ZC and pre-chirp sequences are not applied to UEs that do not support (are not capable of) high reception complexity and to the DL for those UEs.

[0099] [Scope of application of UL sensing RS design] The scope of application of UL sensing RS design will be described. In the UL, it is preferable to design the sensing RS taking into consideration that the UE has low requirements for transmission power and communication efficiency, and the network needs to be capable of supporting high reception complexity.

[0100] Option 1: A TDM-based sensing RS pattern and pre-chirp sequence is applied in the UL, which tolerates lower PAPR performance.

[0101] Option 2: TDM-based sensing RS patterns and FDM-based sensing RSs using ZC sequences are not applicable to the UL where high PAPR performance is required.

[0102] Option 3: CDM-based, PDM-based, and SDM-based RS patterns and pre-chirp sequences are applied to the UL, where low PAPR performance is permitted and network capability to support high reception complexity is required.

[0103] Option 4: CDM-based, PDM-based, and SDM-based RS patterns with ZC sequences are not applied to the UL where high PAPR performance is required.

[0104] (Analysis) As mentioned above, various sensing methods are being considered for future wireless communication systems. For example, a UE / base station (e.g., a gNB) may transmit sensing resources to the base station / UE via a target. However, details of how the UE / base station measures / reports UL / DL sensing resources have not been clarified. If these are not thoroughly considered, there is a risk of degradation in sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0105] Therefore, the present inventors have studied a method for appropriately measuring / reporting UL / DL sensing resources.

[0106] (Various Replacements, etc.) Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0107] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0108] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0109] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0110] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0111] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0112] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0113] In the present disclosure, beam, spatial domain filter, spatial setting, TCI state, TCI state pool, multiple TCI states, UL TCI state, unified TCI state, unified beam, common TCI state, common beam, QCL assumption, QCL parameter, spatial domain receive filter, UE spatial domain receive filter, UE receive beam, DL beam, DL receive beam, DL precoding, DL precoder, DL-RS, RS of QCL type D for TCI state / QCL assumption, RS of QCL type A for TCI state / QCL assumption, spatial relationship, spatial domain transmit filter, UE spatial domain transmit filter, UE transmit beam, UL beam, UL transmit beam, UL precoding, UL precoder, and PL-RS may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, QCL type X-RS, DL-RS associated with QCL type X, DL-RS having QCL type X, source of DL-RS, SSB, CSI-RS, and SRS may be read interchangeably.

[0114] In the present disclosure, the sensing transmitter may be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In the present disclosure, the sensing receiver may be a BS / UE / wireless communication device. In the present disclosure, the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be one BS / UE / sensing transceiver / wireless communication device.

[0115] In the present disclosure, sensing target, target, target, non-UE target, UE target, and sensing target may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, a sensing target may or may not have communication capability. In the present disclosure, a sensing target may include a UE. In the present disclosure, UE target, target with communication capability, target device, and UE may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, non-UE target and target without communication capability may be interchangeable.

[0116] In the present disclosure, the terms echo signal, signal impacted by an object, signal reflected by an object, signal refracted by an object, signal diffracted by an object, signal transmitted and received by a sensing transceiver, and signal received by a sensing receiver may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms communication signal, RS, radar signal, hybrid communication and radar signal, integrated signal, ISAC signal, and sensing signal may be interchangeable.

[0117] In the present disclosure, a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver at the same location, a sensing transceiver, an integrated sensing transceiver, and a BS may be read interchangeably.

[0118] In the present disclosure, the terms BS, UE, IAB, repeater, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), sensing transmitter, sensing receiver, sensing transceiver, wireless communication device, and target may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] In the present disclosure, server, sensing server, positioning server, 5GC, core network, LMF, AMF, sensing Management Function (SMF), Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP), BS, network (NW), management function, and function may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0120] In the present disclosure, base station (BS), NG-RAN node, gNB, ng-eNB, NG-RAN, RAN, network (NW), Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), Transmission Point (TP), and Reception Point (RP) may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0121] In the present disclosure, location, positioning, position, position measurement, position estimation, measurement value, estimated value, measurement result, and sensing may be read interchangeably.

[0122] In the present disclosure, sensing, wireless sensing, and measurement may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, measurement value, sensing information, measurement quantity, measurement result, measurement content, and measurement type may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, spatial transmit filter, spatial receive filter, spatial domain transmit filter, spatial domain receive filter, spatial domain filter, spatial filter, and beam may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, setting / instructing and transmitting setting / instruction may be interchangeable. RS / data used for sensing and sensing resources may be interchangeable. Transmission and reporting may be interchangeable.

[0123] (Wireless communication method) <Problem 1> In sensing between a BS (gNB) and a UE, such as the example of sensing method 5 (FIG. 2C), a base station (e.g., a gNB) transmits RS / data (DL sensing resources) used for DL ​​sensing. The UE then measures the RS / data received via the target and reports the sensing results to the NW (e.g., a gNB).

[0124] Depending on the use case, different measurement quantities (measurement contents / measurement results) may be applied. However, the UE is not clear about what measurement quantities to measure and report. Therefore, the present inventors have devised a method for appropriately measuring / reporting sensing resources.

[0125] <First embodiment> As shown in the example of Figure 2C, the UE receives sensing RS / data (DL sensing resource) transmitted from the base station (gNB) via the target and measures (controls measurement). The UE may receive settings / instructions regarding this measurement amount (measurement content / measurement result) from the NW (base station) in advance. For example, the measurement amount may be at least one of the following types:

[0126] [Embodiment 1.1] The UE may measure sensing resources (RS / data) and transmit (report) direct measurement results to the NW (base station). The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following Type 1 (1-0 to 1-5):

[0127] Type 1-0: At least one of the following may be included in the NR positioning measurement results for the UE-assisted positioning method: code phase measurement (also called pseudorange), Doppler measurement, carrier phase measurement (also called cumulative delta range), carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, measurement quality parameters for each measurement, measurement information for additional paths (non-Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) related measurement information), measured cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), UE receive-transmit time difference, timestamp, barometric pressure sensor measurement, round-trip time, measurement characteristics, reference position, reference time, quality for each measurement, and line-of-sight (LOS) / non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0128] Type 1-1: At least one of L3-RSRP, L3-RSRQ, L3-RSSI, L1-RSRP, L1-Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), codebook setting (e.g., Type I / II / port selection), Doppler, Non-Coherent Joint Transmission (NCJT) CSI, Coherent Joint Transmission (CJT) CSI, and time domain correlation profile (TDCP).

[0129] Type 1-2: Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and other transforms.

[0130] Type 1-2': Radar cross section (RCS) and other transformations.

[0131] Types 1-3: power delay profile (PDP), or delay profile (DP), or range / delay-Doppler / angle map.

[0132] Type 1-4: At least one of power, delay, phase, and timing of channel response.

[0133] Type 1-5: At least one metric from Types 1-1 to 1-4 may be measured for one or more paths. For example, the strongest X paths may be selected for reporting. "Strongest" may mean that the value of each type of metric is large.

[0134] Each type of measurement may be reported along with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0135] According to embodiment 1.1, the UE can determine an appropriate reporting amount for the DL sensing resource and perform appropriate measurements / reports.

[0136] [Embodiment 1.2] The UE may perform measurements on sensing resources (RS / data) according to a use case and transmit (report) the measurement results. The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following Type 2 (2-0 to 2-4).

[0137] Type 2-0: At least one of latitude / longitude / altitude (with uncertainty shape), velocity (with uncertainty shape), reference time (e.g., with time correlation from GNSS to NG-RAN and uncertainty shape), indication of positioning / sensing method used, measured cell ID, RSID, ARFCN, measurement timing, UE position estimate (with uncertainty shape), timestamp, reference position, reference time, quality per measurement, LOS / NLOS information. This information may be included in the NR positioning measurement results for UE-based positioning methods.

[0138] Type 2-1: One or more detected objects.

[0139] Type 2-1': Presence or absence of a detected object. In other words, the reported number may be 0.

[0140] Type 2-2: Range of the object to be detected. In other words, it may be not only a specific location, but also a range corresponding to a specific location.

[0141] Type 2-2': Size of the object to be detected.

[0142] Type 2-3: State of the detected object (e.g., speed, direction of movement, path, distance to the object, angle, object identification result, shape identification result, posture identification result, material identification result).

[0143] Types 2-4: Reliability.

[0144] The UE may measure / report statistics (e.g., mean / cumulative distribution function (CDF) / probability density function (PDF) etc.) of the measurement quantities (e.g., each of the above types of information).

[0145] It should be noted that each type of measurement quantity may be measured / reported together with other information (e.g., at least one of cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, and quality / reliability of each measurement).

[0146] The UE may transmit the supported use cases as UE capability information. The UE may receive in advance via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling a configuration / instruction of measurement quantities to be measured for each use case, and perform measurements / reports based on the configuration / instruction.

[0147] According to embodiment 1.2, the UE can perform appropriate measurement / reporting on the DL sensing resource depending on the use case, thereby achieving the best communication for each use case.

[0148] [Embodiment 1.3] The UE may transmit (report) at least one direct measurement result (Type 1, i.e., any type in embodiment 1.1) and at least one use case-dependent measurement result (Type 2, i.e., any type in embodiment 1.2) separately or together.

[0149] Option 1-3-1: The UE may measure and transmit (report) only measurement quantities of type 1 (any type in embodiment 1.1).

[0150] 5 is a flowchart showing an example of Option 1-3-1. The UE measures DL sensing resources (RS / data) (S101). The UE transmits (reports) direct measurement results (Type 1 measurement results, e.g., related to CSI) based on the measurements of S101 to the gNB / LMF (S102). The gNB / LMF performs calculations / processing / measurements according to the use case based on the reported measurement results to obtain final sensing results (S103). The sensing results of S103 correspond to Type 2 measurement results (any of the types in Embodiments 1.2).

[0151] According to option 1-3-1, the UE's processing load can be reduced by limiting the UE's measurements to Type 1 only.

[0152] Option 1-3-2: The UE may obtain and transmit (report) measurement results of Type 2 (any type in embodiment 1.2) based on measurement results of Type 1 (any type in embodiment 1.1).

[0153] 6 is a flowchart showing an example of Option 1-3-2. The UE measures DL sensing resources (RS / data) (S201). The UE obtains direct measurement results (Type 1 measurement results, e.g., related to CSI) based on the measurement of S201 (S202). The UE performs calculations / processing / measurements according to the use case based on the measurement results of S202, obtains final sensing results, and reports them to the gNB / LMF (S203). The sensing results of S203 correspond to Type 2 measurement results (any of the types in Embodiments 1.2).

[0154] According to Option 1-3-2, the UE can also acquire Type 2 measurement results, allowing it to quickly perform processing according to the measurement results.The UE can also select transmission content according to the Type 2 measurement results.

[0155] Option 1-3-3: The UE may transmit (report) both measurement results of type 1 (any type in embodiment 1.1) (all or part of the measurement results) and measurement results of type 2 (any type in embodiment 1.2) (all or part of the measurement results).

[0156] 7 is a flowchart showing an example of Option 1-3-3. The UE measures DL sensing resources (RS / data) (S301). The UE obtains direct measurement results (Type 1 measurement results, e.g., related to CSI) based on the measurements of S301 (S302). The UE performs calculations / processing / measurements according to the use case based on the measurement results of S302 and obtains measurement results (all or part of the measurement results) (S303). The sensing results of S303 correspond to Type 2 (any type in Embodiment 1.2) measurement results. The UE reports the direct measurement results of S302 (all or part of the measurement results) and the measurement results according to the use case of S303 (all or part of the measurement results) to the gNB / LMF (S304).

[0157] According to Option 1-3-3, the UE can select and transmit (report) measurement results of Type 1 and Type 2 depending on the use case, etc.

[0158] Regarding the transmission method when the UE transmits (reports) measurement results, the following options 1-3-4 and 1-3-5 may be applied.

[0159] Option 1-3-4: The UE may transmit the measurement results to the NW using PUCCH / PUSCH as UCI (CSI or other UL control information) or MAC CE or Radio Resource Control (RRC) information element (IE).

[0160] Option 1-3-5: The UE may transmit to the extended LMF for sensing or the new SMF / Sensing Function (SF) using the extended LPP protocol for sensing or the new LPP protocol for sensing, or a protocol based on the LPP protocol. The extended LMF, the new SMF, the LPP protocol, or the protocol based on the LPP protocol may correspond to the sensing architecture and protocols (1) and (2) described above.

[0161] [Variation] The UE may transmit (report) the amount of reporting when at least one of the reporting amounts of each type exceeds a threshold. The threshold may be preset / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The threshold may be different for each target / path.

[0162] The Type 1 measurement results and the Type 2 measurement results may be transmitted using different methods or the same method. For example, the UE may transmit Type 1 measurement results on the PUCCH and Type 2 measurement results on the PUSCH. The protocols for transmitting Type 1 and Type 2 may be different.

[0163] According to the first embodiment, the measurement quantity / measurement method in sensing between the BS (gNB) and the UE is clarified. This allows the UE to appropriately measure / report DL sensing resources, thereby preventing degradation of sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0164] <Problem 2> As described in the first embodiment, when measurement quantities and measurement methods for DL ​​sensing resources are applied, it is unclear what settings are made to the UE and what operations the UE performs. For example, it is unclear how to configure / select spatial transmit filters / spatial receive filters. Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a configuration / operation method for appropriately receiving / measuring / reporting sensing resources.

[0165] Second Embodiment The following options may be applied to the configuration related to measurement of DL sensing resources and the corresponding report of the configuration. The UE may receive a configuration / instruction from a NW (e.g., a base station) indicating that the same measurement RS resource (DL sensing resource) is repeatedly transmitted R times (R>=1) in consecutive symbols / slots / specific time units. Then, the UE may receive and measure (control the measurement) the repeatedly transmitted RS resource (DL sensing resource) via a target based on the configuration / instruction.

[0166] This embodiment may be applied in combination with the first embodiment. That is, the UE may receive downlink (DL) sensing resources repeatedly transmitted from the base station (gNB) and received via the target, and control measurement of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources.

[0167] [Embodiment 2.1] The same spatial transmit filter may be used for each of the repeatedly transmitted RS resources (DL sensing resources). The UE may receive from the NW a configuration / instruction regarding the RS resources to be repeatedly transmitted using the same spatial transmit filter (e.g., the same TCI state / QCL-D source RS). For example, if the base station can identify / estimate the target location (range), the measurement accuracy of the UE can be improved by repeatedly transmitting using the same spatial transmit filter (beam).

[0168] <<Option 1>> The UE may change the spatial receive filter for each measurement. The UE may determine the spatial receive filter without using any configuration / instruction. In this case, the UE may apply the following options 1-1 to 1-3. When reporting the measurement quantities (measurement results) of the first embodiment, the following options 1-1 to 1-3 may also be applied.

[0169] Option 1-1: The UE may select / report one (best) measurement result for one measurement sample for reporting, and may further report information / assumptions about the selected spatial receive filter (e.g., TCI state, RS ID of QCL resource, beam ID, RS ID of DL / UL, etc.) corresponding to the selected / reported measurement result.

[0170] Option 1-2: The UE may select up to X (best) measurement results / measurement RSs for reporting, where X<=R, and X may be configured by RRC based on the UE capabilities transmitted by the UE. Then, the UE may report the selected measurement results and also report information / assumptions about spatial receive filters for receiving the selected measurement RSs.

[0171] Option 1-2-1: The UE reports measurements for X resources, in which case the overhead increase is X times that of one resource.

[0172] Option 1-2-2: If some measurement quantities for X resources are the same, the UE may report the same measurement quantity only once. If the measurement quantities for X resources are different, the UE may report the measurement quantities for the X resources. This reduces the number of times the same measurement quantities are reported, thereby reducing overhead.

[0173] Option 1-3: The UE may average / filter X (e.g., best X) measurements and report one processed measurement result. The UE may send this X as UE capability information or it may be configured by RRC signaling.

[0174] The selection of the UE in options 1-1 and 1-2 may be based on calculation results such as the highest / lowest / average strength / range / quality / probability of the measurement results, or may be based on specific rules.

[0175] The UE may assume that the spatial transmit filter for RS transmission and the spatial receive filter for RS reception are the same.

[0176] Option 2: The spatial receive filter of the UE for each measurement may be configured by the network. In this case, Options 1-1 to 1-3 may also be applied. However, in Option 2, the UE does not need to report information / assumptions about its spatial receive filter.

[0177] Note that option 2 may only be applied when R=1.

[0178] If a particular spatial receive filter is applied, the UE may not detect the sensing RS.

[0179] The UE may transmit in advance, as UE capability information, capabilities related to a spatial receive filter for receiving measurement RSs.

[0180] [Embodiment 2.2] A different spatial transmit filter may be used for each of the repeatedly transmitted RS resources (DL sensing resources). The UE may receive from the NW a configuration / instruction of R sensing resources that are repeatedly transmitted using different spatial transmit filters (e.g., via RS in the TCI state / QCL-D). For example, if it is difficult for the base station to identify / estimate the location (range) of the target, repeatedly transmitting using different spatial transmit filters (beams) allows the UE to perform accurate measurements regardless of the target's location.

[0181] <<Option 1>> The UE may use the same spatial receive filter for each measurement. The UE may determine the spatial receive filter without using any configuration / instruction. In this case, the UE may apply the following options 1-1 to 1-3. When reporting the measurement quantities (measurement results) of the first embodiment, the following options 1-1 to 1-3 may also be applied.

[0182] Option 1-1: The UE may select one (best) measurement result for one measurement sample for reporting. Then, the UE may further report information / assumptions about the selected spatial transmit filter (e.g., TCI state, RS ID of QCL resource, beam ID, reordered RS index, etc.) corresponding to the selected / reported measurement result. The UE may or may not report information / assumptions about the spatial receive filter.

[0183] Option 1-2: The UE may select up to X (best X) measurement results for reporting, where X<=R, and X may be configured by RRC based on the UE capabilities transmitted by the UE. Then, the UE may further report information / assumptions about the selected RS / spatial transmit filters corresponding to the selected / reported measurement results. The UE may not report information / assumptions about the spatial receive filters.

[0184] Option 1-2-1: The UE reports measurements for X resources, in which case the overhead increase is X times that of one resource.

[0185] Option 1-2-2: If some measurement quantities for X resources are the same, the UE may report the same measurement quantity only once. If the measurement quantities for X resources are different, the UE may report each measurement quantity for the X resources. This reduces the number of times the same measurement quantities are reported, thereby reducing overhead.

[0186] Option 1-3: The UE may average / filter X (e.g., best X) measurements and report one processed measurement result. The UE may transmit this X as UE capability information or it may be configured by RRC signaling, etc.

[0187] The selection of the UE in options 1-1 and 1-2 may be based on calculation results such as the highest / lowest / average strength / range / quality / probability of the measurement results, or may be based on specific rules.

[0188] <<Option 2>> The UE may use the same spatial receive filter for each measurement. The spatial receive filter of the UE for each measurement may be configured by the network through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, etc. The UE may report the configured reporting amount in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In option 2, options 1-1 to 1-3 may also be applied. However, in option 2, the UE may not need to report information / assumptions regarding the spatial receive filter.

[0189] <<Option 3>> The UE may use a different spatial receive filter for each measurement. The spatial receive filter of the UE for each measurement may be determined by the UE. The UE may report the configured reporting amount in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In Option 3, Options 1-1 to 1-3 may be similarly applied.

[0190] <<Option 4>> The UE may use a different spatial receive filter for each measurement. The spatial receive filter of the UE for each measurement may be configured by the network through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, etc. The UE may report the configured reporting amount in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In option 4, options 1-1 to 1-3 may also be applied. However, in option 4, the UE may not need to report information / assumptions regarding the spatial receive filter.

[0191] If a particular spatial receive filter is applied, the UE may not detect the sensing RS.

[0192] The UE may transmit in advance, as UE capability information, capabilities related to a spatial receive filter for receiving measurement RSs.

[0193] According to the second embodiment, the method of setting / selecting a spatial transmit filter / spatial receive filter in sensing between the BS (gNB) and the UE is clarified. This allows the UE to properly receive, measure, and report DL sensing resources (beams), thereby preventing degradation of sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0194] <Problem 3> In sensing between a UE and a BS (gNB) as in the example of FIG. 2B, the UE transmits, for example, RS / data (UL sensing resources) used for UL sensing. Then, the base station (e.g., gNB) performs measurement of the RS / data received via the target and reports the sensing results.

[0195] Depending on the use case, different measurement quantities (measurement contents) may be applied. However, it is not clear to the gNB what measurement quantities to measure and report. Therefore, the present inventors have devised a method for appropriately measuring / reporting sensing resources.

[0196] <Third embodiment> As shown in the example of Figure 2B, the base station (gNB) receives and measures the sensing RS / data (UL sensing resource) transmitted from the UE via a target. The gNB may transmit (report) the measurement quantity (measurement result) to the UE, the extended LMF for sensing, or the new SMF / SF using a protocol based on the NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) protocol for sensing or the new NRPPa protocol for sensing. This measurement quantity (measurement result) may be, for example, at least one of the following types:

[0197] [Embodiment 3.1] A base station (gNB) may measure sensing resources (RS / data) and transmit (report) direct measurement results. The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following types 3 (3-0 to 3-4).

[0198] Type 3-0: Cell ID, timing advance, angle of arrival (azimuth, elevation), RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, ARFCN, timing information of cell / TRP / RS, DL / UL sensing RS (SSB / CSI-RS / Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) / SRS / new RS) configuration of cell / TRP, reception-transmission time difference at gNB, timestamp, quality of each measurement, beam information of each measurement, LoS / NLoS At least one of these may be included in the NR positioning measurement results for gNB-based positioning methods.

[0199] Type 3-1: CIR and other conversions.

[0200] Type 3-1': Radar cross section (RCS) and other transformations.

[0201] Type 3-2: Power delay profile (PDP), or delay profile (DP), or range / delay-Doppler / angle map.

[0202] Type 3-3: At least one of power, delay, phase, and timing of channel response.

[0203] Type 3-4: At least one of the measurements of types 3-1 to 3-3 may be measured for one or more paths. For example, the strongest X paths may be selected for reporting.

[0204] Each type of measurement may be reported along with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0205] According to embodiment 3.1, the gNB can determine the appropriate reporting amount for the UL sensing resource and perform appropriate measurements / reports.

[0206] [Embodiment 3.2] The gNB may perform measurements on UL sensing resources (RS / data) according to the use case and transmit (report) the measurement results. The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following types 4 (4-1 to 4-4).

[0207] Type 4-1: Number of detected targets, one or more.

[0208] Type 4-1': Presence or absence of a detected object. In other words, the reported number may be 0.

[0209] Type 4-2: Range of the object to be detected. In other words, it may be not only a specific location, but also a range corresponding to a specific location.

[0210] Type 4-2': Size of the object to be detected.

[0211] Type 4-3: State of the detected object (e.g., speed, direction of movement, path, distance to the object, angle, object identification result, shape identification result, posture identification result, material identification result).

[0212] Type 4-4: Reliability.

[0213] The UE may measure / report statistics (eg, mean / Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) / Probability Density Function (PDF) etc.) of the measurement quantities (eg, each of the above types of information).

[0214] The gNB may transmit (report) at least one direct measurement result of the measurement (type 3, i.e., any type of embodiment 3.1) and at least one measurement result according to the use case (type 4, i.e., any type of embodiment 3.2) individually or together.

[0215] Each type of measurement may be reported along with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0216] The example of embodiment 1.3 may be similarly used for embodiments 3.1 and 3.2. That is, in embodiment 1.3, Type 1 may be replaced with Type 3, Type 2 with Type 4, DL with UL, UE with gNB, and gNB / LMF (destination) with LMF / SMF / SF.

[0217] The gNB may receive in advance via upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling settings / instructions on the measurement quantities to be measured for each use case, and perform measurements / reports based on those settings / instructions.

[0218] According to embodiment 3.2, the gNB can perform appropriate measurement / reporting on the UL sensing resource depending on the use case, thereby enabling the best communication for each use case.

[0219] <Problem 4> As described in the third embodiment, when the measurement amount and measurement method for the UL sensing resource are applied, it is not clear what settings are made to the gNB and what operations the gNB / UE will perform. For example, the settings / selection of the spatial transmit filter / spatial receive filter are not clear. Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a setting / operation method for appropriately receiving / measuring / reporting the sensing resource.

[0220] <Fourth embodiment> The following options may be applied to the settings related to measurement of UL sensing resources, reports corresponding to the settings, RS transmission from a UE, etc. The NW (base station, gNB) may transmit to the UE a setting / instruction indicating that the same UL RS resource (UL sensing resource) is to be repeatedly transmitted R times (R>=1) in consecutive symbols / slots / specific time units. The gNB may receive the UL RS resource (UL sensing resource) repeatedly transmitted from the UE via an object and measure it (may control the measurement).

[0221] Option A: The NW may configure the UE with RS resources that are repeatedly transmitted in the same spatial transmission filter, which may be determined by the UE.

[0222] Option B: The NW may configure the UE with RS resources that are repeatedly transmitted in the same spatial transmit filter, which may be configured / instructed by the NW (e.g., using the TCI state ID or QCL-D source RS).

[0223] Option C: The NW may configure the UE with RS resources that are repeatedly transmitted in different spatial transmission filters, which may be determined by the UE.

[0224] Option D: The NW may configure the UE with RS resources that are repeatedly transmitted in different spatial transmit filters, which may be determined by the NW.

[0225] In options A to D, the NW (gNB) may use the same or different spatial receive filters. When the gNB measures the sensing resource (RS / data) and reports the measurement results as in the third embodiment, the following options 1 to 3 may be applied.

[0226] Option 1: The gNB may select one (best) measurement result for one measurement sample for reporting. The gNB may report information / assumptions about the selected RS / spatial transmit filter (e.g., TCI state, RS ID of QCL resource, beam ID, reordered RS index, etc.) corresponding to the selected / reported measurement result. The gNB may or may not report information / assumptions about the spatial receive filter.

[0227] Option 2: The gNB may select up to X (best X) measurement results to report, where X<=R, and X may be set by RRC based on the UE capabilities transmitted by the UE. The gNB may then further report information / assumptions regarding the selected RS / spatial transmit filters corresponding to the selected / reported measurement results.

[0228] Option 2-1: The gNB reports measurements of X resources. In this case, the overhead increase is X times that of one resource.

[0229] Option 2-2: If some measurement quantities for X resources are the same, the gNB may report the same measurement quantity only once. If the measurement quantities for X resources are different, the gNB may report each measurement quantity for the X resources. This reduces the number of times the same measurement quantity is reported, thereby reducing overhead.

[0230] Option 3: The gNB may average / filter X (e.g., best X) measurements and report one processed measurement, where X may be configured by RRC signaling, etc.

[0231] The selection of a gNB in ​​options 1 and 2 may be based on calculation results such as the highest / lowest / average strength / range / quality / probability of the measurement results, or may be based on specific rules.

[0232] When the NW configures a UE with a different spatial transmission filter, it may configure a gap for repeated transmission of the UL sensing resource. The gap may be defined in the specification or may be transmitted by the UE as UE capability information. The gap is the time interval between transmissions of RSs using different spatial transmission filters.

[0233] According to the fourth embodiment, the method of setting / selecting a spatial transmit filter / spatial receive filter in sensing between a UE and a BS (gNB) is clarified. As a result, the gNB can properly receive, measure, and report UL sensing resources (beams), thereby preventing degradation of sensing accuracy / communication quality.

[0234] <Supplementary Information> [Notification of Information to UE] In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0235] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0236] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0237] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0238] [Notification of Information from UE] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0239] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0240] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0241] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0242] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE / BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0243] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a specific UE capability. Note that "supporting" and "whether to support" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0244] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing / operations / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments; - Supported types (measurement / reportable types in the first embodiment); - Changing / switching spatial receive filters for each measurement of repeatedly transmitted UL / DL sensing resources; - Number of repeatedly transmitted UL / DL sensing resources (e.g. R in the second and fourth embodiments); - Number of measurement results to be measured / reported (e.g. X in the second and fourth embodiments); - Supporting repeatedly transmitted RS resources in the same spatial transmit filter; - Supporting repeatedly transmitted RS resources in different spatial transmit filters; - Length of the gap between repeated transmissions of UL sensing resources.

[0245] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0246] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0247] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when the UE configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiment (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiment) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19), etc.

[0248] If the UE does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, the UE may apply, for example, the behavior of Rel. 15 / 16 / 17.

[0249] (Supplementary Note) The following invention is supplementary note regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure: [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal including: a receiver that receives downlink (DL) sensing resources transmitted from a base station via an object; and a controller that controls measurement of the DL sensing resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, further comprising a transmitter that transmits, as direct measurement results of the measurements, at least one of a code phase measurement value, a Doppler measurement value, a carrier phase measurement value, a carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, a measurement quality parameter of each measurement value, non-Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) related measurement information, a measured cell ID, an RS ID, measurement timing, a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), an Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), a time difference between reception and transmission, a time stamp, a barometric pressure sensor measurement value, a round trip time, measurement characteristics, a reference position, a reference time, quality for each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit performs the measurements according to a use case. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the control unit performs the measurement according to a use case, and further includes a transmission unit that transmits both a direct measurement result of the measurement and a measurement result according to the use case.

[0250] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are further supplementary to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives downlink (DL) sensing resources repeatedly transmitted from a base station via an object; and a controller that controls measurement of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, in which the same spatial transmit filter is used for each of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, in which a different spatial transmit filter is used for each of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 3, in which the controller uses the same spatial receive filter for each of the measurements.

[0251] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are further supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A base station comprising: a receiver that receives uplink (UL) sensing resources transmitted from a terminal via an object; and a controller that controls measurement of the UL sensing resources. [Supplementary Note 2] The base station according to Supplementary Note 1, further comprising: a transmitter that transmits at least one of a cell ID, a timing advance, an angle of arrival, a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), an Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), timing information of a cell, a Transmission / Reception Point (TRP) or an RS, a setting of a DL or UL sensing RS of a cell or a TRP, a time difference between reception and transmission, a time stamp, quality for each measurement, beam information for each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information as a direct measurement result of the measurement. [Supplementary Note 3] The base station according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit performs the measurement according to a use case. [Supplementary Note 4] The base station according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit performs the measurement according to a use case, and further comprises a transmission unit that transmits both a direct measurement result of the measurement and a measurement result according to the use case.

[0252] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0253] 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0254] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0255] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0256] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0257] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0258] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0259] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0260] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0261] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0262] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0263] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0264] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0265] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0266] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0267] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0268] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0269] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0270] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0271] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0272] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0273] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0274] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0275] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0276] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0277] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0278] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0279] (Base Station) Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0280] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0281] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0282] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0283] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0284] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0285] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0286] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0287] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0288] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0289] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0290] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0291] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0292] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0293] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0294] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0295] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0296] The transceiver 120 may transmit downlink (DL) sensing resources to the terminal via the target.

[0297] The control unit 110 may control reception of the measurement results of the DL sensing resource.

[0298] The transceiver 120 may receive, via a target, an uplink (UL) sensing resource repeatedly transmitted from the terminal.

[0299] The controller 110 may control measurement of the repeatedly transmitted UL sensing resource.

[0300] The transceiver 120 may receive an uplink (UL) sensing resource transmitted from the terminal via a target.

[0301] The controller 110 may control the measurement of the UL sensing resource.

[0302] The transceiver unit 120 may transmit at least one of the following as direct measurement results of the measurement: cell ID, timing advance, angle of arrival, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), timing information of the cell, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP) or RS, setting of the DL or UL sensing RS of the cell or TRP, time difference between reception and transmission, time stamp, quality for each measurement, beam information for each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0303] The control unit 110 may perform the measurements according to the use case.

[0304] The transceiver 120 may transmit both the direct measurement result of the measurement and the measurement result according to the use case.

[0305] (User Terminal) Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0306] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0307] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0308] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0309] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0310] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0311] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0312] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0313] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0314] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0315] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0316] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0317] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0318] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0319] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0320] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0321] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0322] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0323] The transceiver 220 may receive downlink (DL) sensing resources transmitted from a base station via a target.

[0324] The controller 210 may control the measurement of the DL sensing resource.

[0325] The transceiver unit 220 may transmit at least one of the following as direct measurement results of the measurements: a code phase measurement, a Doppler measurement, a carrier phase measurement, a carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, a measurement quality parameter of each measurement, non-Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) related measurement information, a measured cell ID, an RS ID, measurement timing, a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), an Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), a time difference between reception and transmission, a time stamp, a barometric pressure sensor measurement, a round trip time, measurement characteristics, a reference position, a reference time, quality for each measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

[0326] The control unit 210 may perform the measurements according to the use case.

[0327] The transceiver 220 may transmit both the direct measurement result of the measurement and the measurement result according to the use case.

[0328] The transceiver 220 may receive downlink (DL) sensing resources repeatedly transmitted from the base station via the target.

[0329] The controller 210 may control the measurement of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resource.

[0330] The same spatial transmit filter may be used for each of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources.

[0331] A different spatial transmit filter may be used for each of the repeatedly transmitted DL sensing resources.

[0332] The control unit 210 may use the same spatial receive filter for each measurement.

[0333] The transceiver 220 may transmit uplink (UL) sensing resources to the base station via the target.

[0334] The controller 210 may control reception of the measurement results of the UL sensing resource.

[0335] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0336] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0337] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0338] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0339] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0340] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0341] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0342] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0343] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0344] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0345] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0346] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0347] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0348] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0349] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0350] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0351] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0352] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0353] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0354] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0355] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0356] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0357] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0358] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0359] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0360] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0361] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0362] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0363] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0364] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0365] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0366] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0367] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0368] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0369] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0370] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0371] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0372] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0373] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0374] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0375] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0376] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0377] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0378] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0379] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0380] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0381] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0382] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0383] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0384] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0385] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0386] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0387] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0388] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0389] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0390] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0391] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0392] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0393] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0394] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0395] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0396] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0397] 12 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0398] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0399] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0400] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0401] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0402] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0403] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0404] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0405] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0406] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0407] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0408] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0409] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0410] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0411] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0412] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0413] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0414] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0415] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0416] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0417] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0418] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0419] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0420] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0421] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0422] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0423] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0424] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0425] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0426] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0427] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0428] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0429] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0430] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0431] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives a downlink (DL) sensing resource transmitted from a base station via an object, and a control unit that controls measurement of the DL sensing resource.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitting unit configured to transmit at least one of the following direct measurement results of the measurements: a code phase measurement value, a Doppler measurement value, a carrier phase measurement value, a carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, a measurement quality parameter of each measurement value, non-Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) related measurement information, a measured cell ID, an RS ID, measurement timing, a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), an Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), a time difference between reception and transmission, a time stamp, a barometric pressure sensor measurement value, a round trip time, a measurement characteristic, a reference position, a reference time, a quality per measurement, line-of-sight (LOS) information, and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs the measurement according to a use case.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs the measurement according to a use case, and further comprises a transmission unit that transmits both a direct measurement result of the measurement and a measurement result according to the use case.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of receiving, via an object, a downlink (DL) sensing resource transmitted from a base station; and a step of controlling measurement of the DL sensing resource.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that transmits downlink (DL) sensing resources to a terminal via an object; and a control unit that controls reception of measurement results of the DL sensing resources.

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