Thermally controlled container

Abstract

A container (110, 410. 510, 610. 710) is configured to accommodate a temperature sensitive cargo (112. 112a, 112b, 712). The container includes a plurality of walls, first and second temperature sensors (S1, S2), and a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716). In response to determining the first temperature value being outside of the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system is configured to: direct a first volume (VI) of the conditioned air to the first location within the interior (114) using at least the first fan (F1, R3), and direct a. second volume (V2) of the conditioned air to the second location within the interior using the second, fan (F2, R4) to alter the flow around the temperature sensitive cargo, lire first volume is greater than the second volume so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

Description

0785616 THERMALLY CONTROLLED CONTAINER UTILIZING CONTOURED FLOW PRIORITY

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Pat. App. No. 63 / 524,765, entitled “Thermally Controlled Air Cargo Container Configured for Temperature Controlled Operation of Frozen to Controlled Room Temperature with Improved Efficiency and Contoured Flow,” filed on July 3, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. APPLICATION FIELD

[0002] This application relates generally to cold chain or temperature-controlled shipping, and more specifically to cold chain shipping by commercial aircraft. BACKGROUND

[0003] Various high value items are shipped, preferably by air freight, within a temperature controlled container. These high value items may include medicines (e.g., vaccines, organic compositions, individually developed treatments, and / or perishable medical material), food (e.g., seafood, spices, meat, yeast, and / or easily perishable edibles), and / or plants (e.g., flowers and / or seeds). For bulk loads, pallet sized loads, and other similarly sized loads, larger insulated shipping containers may regulate cargo temperature as well as include insulating features to minimize loss due to ambient conditions.

[0004] Generally, there are two types of shipping containers: (1) active containers and (2) passive containers. Active containers actively control a shipping container’s cargo temperature, and include a control system to sense the temperature of the cargo bay, where a control system directs heating and cooling systems to maintain and correct for temperature deviations. Alternatively, a passive system has no control system and instead uses pre-cooled material for thermal capacitance. Passive systems may incorporate insulation to slow the ambient parasitic temperature effects similar to a common ice cooler.

[0005] Air cargo containers and unit load devices (ULDs) attempt to achieve temperature control via heating and cooling systems, e.g., for use on an aircraft. Active stand-alone shipping containers include their own heating and cooling system for a0785616 cargo bay (interior of the container) without external power or connections. Active stand-alone containers may rely on batteries and a means of thermal conversion. Further, an active stand-alone ULD is limited in performance within the tradeoff of exerted energy toward thermal regulation, the ambient effects of loss, and the on-board stored energy within the batteries. The better the thermal insulation and the more efficient the control system, the longer duration it will perform.

[0006] Temperature controlled ULDs’ cargo bay and load regulation may suffer from underserved areas or regions. These underserved areas or regions may be due to initial flow pathways, cargo bay and load geometries, environmental effects, among other causes. These environmental effects may include, for example, ambient effects of a hot wall possibly being exposed to the sun on a hot day, a windward side on a cold day, and / or door seals, etc. Temperature controlled ULDs may create super-heated or super- cooled exposure near the conditioned air outlet or in low air resistance areas and insufficient exposure in farther away areas (e.g., corners or crevasses). It is undesirable for a first portion of cargo to suffer one extreme of exposure and a second portion of cargo to suffer from the other extreme (e.g., frozen in the rear, melted in the front).

[0007] As a result, it is desirable for containers that accommodate temperature sensitive cargos to overcome these and other problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate examples of the invention, and, together with the general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description of the examples given below, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0009] FIG. 1 depicts a schematic sectional view of a first illustrative container, including a fan shroud and an optional first recirculation fan;

[0010] FIG. 2 depicts a diagrammatic view of select components of the container of FIG.1;

[0011] FIG. 3 depicts a diagrammatic view of select components of the container of FIG.1;

[0012] FIG.4 depicts a partial schematic sectional view of the container of FIG.1, but including an optional moisture absorbing apparatus;0785616

[0013] FIG.5 depicts a partial schematic sectional view of the container of FIG.1, but including an optional moisture collector and storage container;

[0014] FIG. 6 depicts a schematic sectional view of the container of FIG. 1, but including a second recirculation fan;

[0015] FIG.7 depicts a front perspective view of the fan shroud of and fans FIG.1;

[0016] FIG.7A depicts a sectional view of FIG.7 taken along line 7A-7A;

[0017] FIG.8A depicts a schematic sectional view of a louver and fan for use with the container of FIG. 1 and the fan shroud of FIG. 6, with the louver in a first position blocking flow;

[0018] FIG. 8B depicts a schematic sectional view of the louver of FIG. 8A, but with the louver moved to a second position directing flow;

[0019] FIG. 8C depicts a schematic sectional view of the louver of FIG. 8B, but with the louver moved to a third position minimally affecting flow;

[0020] FIG. 9A depicts a schematic sectional view of torsional fans for use with the container of FIG.1 and the fan shroud of FIG.6;

[0021] FIG.9B depicts a schematic perspective view of axial fans grouped as pods for use with the container of FIG.1 and the fan shroud of FIG.6;

[0022] FIG. 10 depicts a sectional schematic view of a tubular fan for use with the container of FIG.1, where the tubular fan includes rotors;

[0023] FIG. 10A depicts an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of the tubular fan of FIG.10;

[0024] FIG.11 depicts an illustrative method for controlling the container of FIG.1;

[0025] FIG.12 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG.1, with doors shown schematically with airflow directed through ridges of a top wall;

[0026] FIG. 13 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG. 12, but with temperature sensors positioned within the interior and an optional first phase of air flow moving toward vents in the floor;

[0027] FIG. 14 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG. 13, but with temperature values obtained from the temperature sensors and a first temperature sensitive cargo positioned within the interior during the first phase of air flow;0785616

[0028] FIG.15 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG.12, but with a second temperature sensitive cargo positioned within the interior during an optional first phase of air flow with temperature values;

[0029] FIG.16 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG.15, during the optional first phase of air flow without the temperature values;

[0030] FIG. 17 depicts a front perspective view of the container and the temperature sensitive cargo within the interior of FIG.16, but during a second optional phase of air flow;

[0031] FIG. 18 depicts a front perspective view of the container and the temperature sensitive cargo within the interior of FIG.17, but during a third phase of air flow;

[0032] FIG. 19 depicts a front perspective view of the container and the temperature sensitive cargo positioned within the interior of FIG.18, but with the cumulative flow of optional first phase, the optional second phase, and the third phase;

[0033] FIG.20 depicts a front perspective view of the cumulative flow of the optional first phase, the optional second phase, and the third phase of FIG.19;

[0034] FIG.21 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG.12, but with a third temperature sensitive cargo positioned within the interior during an optional first phase of air flow with temperature values;

[0035] FIG. 22 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG. 12, but with temperature values after the optional first phase of air flow;

[0036] FIG. 23 depicts a front perspective view of the container and the temperature sensitive cargo within the interior of FIG. 22, but during an optional second phase of air flow;

[0037] FIG. 24 depicts a front perspective view of the container and the temperature sensitive cargo within the interior of FIG.23, but during a third phase of air flow;

[0038] FIG. 25 depicts a front perspective view of the container and the temperature sensitive cargo positioned within the interior of FIG.24, but with the cumulative flow of optional first phase, the optional second phase, and the third phase;

[0039] FIG.26 depicts a front perspective view of the cumulative flow of optional first phase, the optional second phase, and the third phase of FIG.25;0785616

[0040] FIG.27 depicts a rear perspective view of a second illustrative container;

[0041] FIG.28 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG.27, with doors open showing an optional first phase of air flow;

[0042] FIG.29 depicts a diagrammatic view of select components of a third illustrative container;

[0043] FIG.30 depicts a schematic sectional view of the container of FIG.29;

[0044] FIG. 31 depicts a diagrammatic view of select components of a fourth illustrative container including recirculation fans;

[0045] FIG.32 depicts a schematic view of the container of FIG.31;

[0046] FIG. 33 depicts a front perspective view of the container of FIG. 31, which includes phase change material containers within the interior;

[0047] FIG. 34 depicts an enlarged perspective view of a recirculation fan of FIG. 32 including a fan, a controller, and a battery;

[0048] FIG.35 depicts an enlarged perspective view of an alternative recirculation fan similar to the recirculation fan of FIG.34, but including opposing fans;

[0049] FIG.36 depicts an enlarged perspective view of an alternative recirculation fan similar to the recirculation fan of FIG. 34, but including a controller and a battery outside of the recirculation fan;

[0050] FIG. 37 depicts a schematic perspective view of select components of a fifth illustrative container with a front wall removed to reveal recirculation fans; and

[0051] FIG.38 depicts an exploded view of the container of FIG.37.

[0052] The drawings are not intended to be limiting in any way, and it is contemplated that various embodiments of the invention may be carried out in a variety of other ways, including those not necessarily depicted in the drawings. The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION0785616

[0053] The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings, in which like elements in different drawings are identically numbered. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selected versions and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The detailed description illustrates by way of example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the invention. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and describes several versions, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.

[0054] Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the versions as described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Well-known operations, components, and elements have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the versions described in the specification. The reader will understand that the versions described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples, and thus it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and illustrative. Variations and changes thereto may be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0055] The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a container, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, an element of a system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, these terms are not intended to be limiting and / or absolute.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms “about,” “approximately,” “substantially,” and the like as used herein in connection with any numerical values, ranges of values, and / or geometric / positional quantifications are intended to encompass the exact value(s) or0785616 quantification(s) referenced as well as a suitable tolerance that enables the referenced feature or combination of features to function for the intended purpose described herein. For example, “substantially parallel” encompasses nominally parallel structures, and “substantially equal” values encompass nominally equal values. Furthermore, the use of “couple”, “coupled”, or similar phrases should not be construed as being limited to a certain number of components or a particular order of components unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0057] The following description of certain examples of the technology should not be used to limit its scope. Other examples, features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, which is by way of illustration, one of the best modes contemplated for carrying out the technology. As will be realized, the technology described herein is capable of other different and obvious aspects, all without departing from the technology. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0058] I. Illustrative Containers Utilizing Contoured Flow

[0059] There is a growing demand for temperature sensitive cargo to be shipped by air and ground, e.g., in the frozen temperature range (less than about 0°C). Active containers, having a non-frozen temperature range from about 5°C to about 20°C, may lack sufficient temperature control to accurately maintain the desired temperature range, overcome variations in ambient temperature, and / or overcome variations in cargo geometry. It is desirable to utilize a container capable of achieving a high- performance regulation across various sizes and geometries of cargo within a wide range of operating environments and ambient exposures. Therefore, it is desirable to improve temperature control of the shipping container to provide for efficient energy management, comprehensive control, and / or comprehensive air circulation.

[0060] The efficacy of the container is related to performance, duration, and weight. Performance attributes include regulation of the cargo temperature over various shapes and sizes of cargo, overcoming loss due ambient exposure of the container (both environmental and radiated), and uniformity of thermal regulation over the volume and geometry of the load. Adequate duration is desirable based on the anticipated period of transportation. Weight contributes to air freight costs and should be minimized. Sufficient flow volume and flow control, including in recirculation modes, is beneficial0785616 to address temperature regulation where heated or cooled air has stagnant or insufficiently directed flow. Since the geometry of the cargo bay and loads may be different, underserved sides, corners, or cavities may be created and are thermally undesirable.

[0061] Illustrative containers (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) are shown and described below with reference to FIGS. 1-38 and are intended to overcome these and other problems. Additionally, containers (110, 410, 510) may include additional features similar to those shown and described in U.S. Patent No.7,913,511, entitled “Cargo Container for Transporting Temperature Sensitive Items” issued March 29, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0062] A. First Illustrative Container

[0063] FIGS. 1-26 show and describe a first illustrative container (110) configured to accommodate a temperature sensitive cargo (112). Container (110) is sized as a unit load device. Container (110) is generally sized and configured to be shipped / transported by air, but container (110) may be transported by other methods (e.g., by ground vehicle or by boat). For example, container (110) may be placed into an interior of an aircraft (not shown) or a tractor trailer (not shown, which may also be referred to as a lorry).

[0064] Container (110) regulates temperature of temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b) across variations environmental conditions, size, and / or geometry of temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b). Container (110) selectively heats and / or cools an interior (114) of container (110) to maintain the desired temperature of temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b) within a predetermined temperature range for the transit duration of container (110). The predetermined temperature range includes a user defined set point and acceptable tolerances / deviations therefrom. This heating and / or cooling may be in response to overcoming ambient temperature exposure of container (110) (e.g., sun heating side of container (110) or cold wind). For example, container (110) may have a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C within an external ambient exposure of about -30°C to about 50°C; however, these temperature ranges may vary.

[0065] Container (110) may regulate temperature across a wide temperature range, with high efficiency, and extended transit duration. As will be described in greater0785616 detail below, efficiency may be optionally increased utilizing high power fans, more reactive refrigerant, higher air flow circulation, dynamic circulation, higher efficiency flow generation, and / or moisture removal from interior (114), which may also be referred to as the cargo bay. Further efficiency may be gained using a comprehensive temperature and optional humidity sensor feedback configuration with temperature control system (116) to counter adverse conditions such as large and non-symmetric load geometries, external and ambient temperature exposure, and / or increasing asymmetrical environmental effects.

[0066] FIGS. 1-2 show container (110) including a temperature control system (116), a housing (122), a plurality of temperature sensors (S1-S18), at least one battery (124) that forms a battery pack (126), a battery charging connection (128), a power distribution system (130), an optional moisture sensor (132), and optional container sensor (134). As shown in FIGS. 1-2, temperature control system (116) includes a controller (136), a user interface (138), a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system (118), fans (F1-F12), a fan shroud (142), and optional recirculation fans (R1-R2). Temperature sensors (S1-S18) include at least first and second temperature sensors (S1, S2). Similarly, fans (F1-F12) include at least first and second fans (F1-F12). More or fewer temperature sensors (S1-S18), fans (F1-F12), and / or recirculation fans (R1-R2) are envisioned.

[0067] Battery (124) provides power to temperature control system (116), with power being distributed by power distribution system (130) (see FIG. 2). A single battery (124) may be used or multiple batteries (124) may be used in combination to power container (110). For example, a single battery (124) may be used for a shorter transit duration to reduce the weight of container (110). Similarly, a smaller battery (124) may be used for shorter transit durations. Alternatively, multiple batteries (124) may be used where a longer transit duration is desired. Each battery (124) may be in the form of a lead-acid battery, a nickel metal hydrite (NiMH) battery, and / or a lithium battery. NiMH and / or lithium batteries may be used for increased duration. In some versions, container (110) may be a stand-alone container (110), not using external power or connections for operation. In other words, batteries (124) may provide on-board energy storage and do not require, but may optionally utilize, external power or connections during transit. Container (110) may be optionally recharged at any point during transit0785616 (if desired) using battery charging connection (128), in addition to recharging batteries (124) before transit and / or after transit.

[0068] Housing (122) is formed by a plurality of walls that include a first end wall (144), a second end wall (146), a first side wall (148) (see FIG.12), a second side wall (150) (see FIG.12), a top wall (152), and a bottom wall (154). Second end wall (146) is positioned opposite to first end wall (144). Second end wall (146) includes at least one door configured to load and unload temperature sensitive cargo (112). Doors (156) are shown schematically in FIG.12, and partially in FIGS.13-19 and 21-25. First side wall (148) is positioned between first and second end walls (144, 146). Second side wall (150) is positioned between first and second end walls (144, 146) and opposite to first side wall (148).

[0069] Walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154) collectively define an interior (114) of container (110). Interior (114) is configured to receive temperature sensitive cargo (112). Temperature sensitive cargo (112) may include one or more pallets (158) of goods. Interior (114) is configured to receive at least one pallet (158) of goods. Alternatively, FIGS. 27-28 show another container (410) with an interior (414) sized and configured to contain four U.S. sized pallets (not shown) or five European sized pallets (160) of temperature sensitive cargo (112b). Interior (114) may be sized and configured to contain more or fewer pallets (158, 160) and sizes of temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0070] As shown in FIG.1, bottom wall (154) is positioned opposite to top wall (152). Bottom wall (154) is spaced a distance from a floor (162). As shown, inside surface of top wall (152) includes a plurality of projections (163) forming recesses (164) configured to allow air flow from first end wall (144) to second end wall (146) even when temperature sensitive cargo (112) is stacked near top wall (152), since air may still flow through recesses (164) created by projections (163). Similarly, first side wall (148) and second side wall (150) include a plurality of projections (165) forming recesses (167).

[0071] Walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154) may include insulation (shown as vacuum insulated panels (166)); however, other types of insulation are also envisioned. As schematically shown in FIGS. 1 and 12, first end wall (144), second end wall (146), first side wall (148), and second side wall (150) each include insulation (e.g., at least one vacuum insulated panel (166)) positioned within inner and outer surfaces of walls0785616 (144, 146, 148, 150). Top wall (152) and bottom wall (154) may include at least one vacuum insulated panel (166).

[0072] As shown in FIGS.1, 4-6, and 30, bottom wall (154) and floor (162) collectively define a return air flow channel (168) configured to transport return air to temperature control system (116) after conditioning interior (114). Since air flow may return to temperature control system (116) through return air flow channel (168), temperature sensitive cargo (112) may be placed into interior (114) without pallets (158, 160). Vents (170) positioned in floor (162) are in communication with return air flow channel (168). As shown in FIG.1, floor fan (FF) may pull return air into return air flow channel (168) by creating a pressure differential. Return air flow channel (168) provides a dedicated return air path under temperature sensitive cargo (112).

[0073] As shown in FIGS.1, 16, and 22, container (110) may utilize a positive pressure air flow system to create and direct air flow from rear top ceiling (151) adjacent cold wall (172). As shown, container (110) has a pressure return in vents (170) positioned in the forward lower section on floor (162). This statically directs air across the geometry of temperature sensitive cargo (112) and across walls (144, 146, 148) and doors (156) where the thermal loss may be greater than a more central location within interior (114) (e.g., where cargo (112) is located). Return air flow channel (168) allows cargo (112) to be directly loaded on floor (162), optionally eliminating the need for pallets (158, 160), thereby increasing the usable cargo volume. Return air flow channel (168) also allows container (110) to be bulk loaded. By having airflow at these positions, the air pressure created at the rear top ceiling (151) envelops cargo (112) as the airflow is drawn across cargo (112) which may have a variety of heights measured relative to floor (162) and return under floor (162). This provides even temperature distribution and operating efficiency as an optional baseline first phase.

[0074] Outflow is intended to refer to positive pressure flow from fans (F1-F12), and return air is intended to refer to negative pressure flow. Exhaust is intended to refer to recirculation of air flow and not intended to refer to expelling air from interior (114) of container (110) to outside of container (110). The return pressure influences the creation of high pressure areas and low pressure areas, and therefore dynamic flow patterns. This pressure variation mitigates underserved corners and crevices in interior (114) and geometries of temperature sensitive cargo (112) as well as asymmetric loss effects of hot or cold surfaces due to ambient conditions.0785616

[0075] 1. Illustrative Temperature Control System

[0076] Temperature control system (116) is configured to provide conditioned air to interior (114). Conditioned air may be in the form of heated air or chilled air. In some versions, temperature control system (116) is intended to maintain interior (114) at a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C. However, other temperature ranges are also envisioned. Temperature control system (116) is configured to increase performance and efficiency of container (110). Temperature control system (116) may include an electrically powered electronic control system.

[0077] Temperature control system (116) is in communication with temperature sensors (S1-S18). As shown in FIGS.1, 4-10A (as well as FIGS.29-32), temperature control system (116) includes a plurality of fans shown as fans (F1-F12). However, more or fewer fans are also envisioned, with fans being the same or different than another of fans. First fan (F1) is configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow to the first location within interior (114). Similarly, second fan (F2) is configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow to the second location within interior (114). Controller (136) is configured to provide grouped or individual control of fans (F1- F12), including first and second fans (F1-F2). Individual fan / individual pod control allows dynamic contoured flow within interior (114). Setting select fans (F1-F12) at different power levels affects the volume of conditioned air directed in general including the volume of conditioned air to first and second side walls (148, 150) across the rear of interior (114), allowing for high-pressure and low-pressure areas to be formed.

[0078] Temperature control system (116) includes an optional recirculation fan (R1) configured to be operated independent from HVAC system (118). As shown in FIGS. 1, 6, and 32, one or more optional recirculation fans (R1-R4) may be positioned proximate to doors (156) or alternatively away from door (656) in FIG.32. In FIG.1, recirculation fan (R1), shown as forward mounted tubular fan providing localized flow redirection. Using temperature control system (116), recirculation fans (R1, R2) or even recirculation fans (R3, R4) may enhance the contoured flow to fill gaps in cargo geometries and normalize asymmetric temperature distributions. Recirculation fans (R1, R2) may operate in parallel with the function of fans (F1-F12) mounted in fan shroud (142) (see FIG.7).0785616

[0079] HVAC system (118) provides both heated air and chilled air, and HVAC system (118) may be omitted as shown in container (610) of FIGS.31-33. HVAC system (118) includes a cooling system (174) configured to provide the conditioned air as cooled air. In some versions, cooling system (174) may include an evaporator (176) and a condenser (178). As shown, evaporator (176) includes a plurality of evaporator coils (180). Condenser (178) includes a plurality of condenser coils (182) and a condenser fan (184). At least one of evaporator (176) or condenser (178) may include micro-fins (183) (see FIG. 1) to increase surface area to increase thermal exchange. In some versions, micro-fins (183) may have spacing between about a 0.1 inch and 0.125 inch. As shown in FIG.1, condenser coils (182) and condenser fan (184) are separated from evaporator coils (180) by insulative wall (186). HVAC system (118) includes a refrigerant (188), which may include a standard refrigerant (e.g., R134A refrigerant) or a more reactive refrigerant (e.g., Type 404B). HVAC system (118) may use either refrigerant.

[0080] Temperature control system (116) may optionally include a heater (190) including heater coils (192) configured to provide the conditioned air as heated air. Depending on whether heating or cooling is desired, either heater (190) is engaged to provide heated air or evaporator (176) of HVAC system (118) is engaged to provide chilled air used in primary operation and recirculation within interior (114).

[0081] In addition to the plurality of temperature sensors (S1-S18), container (110) may include one or more optional moisture sensors (132) and / or optional container sensors (134). Moisture sensor (132) may be in the form of a hygrometer. Container sensors (134) may include a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, an accelerometer, a light detector, and a pressure sensor.

[0082] As shown in FIG.2, controller (136) may include a memory (196), a processor (198), and a communication antenna (200). Controller (136) is configured to communicate with one or more user devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, computers) using communication antenna (200), so that the user can track the conditions tracked by temperature control system (116) at any location in real time or later. Controller (136) operates via firmware or embedded software. Controller (136) utilizes a plurality of sensor inputs and means of feedback. User interface (138) may include a screen and buttons (194). As shown, user interface (138) is configured to display at least one of status, operations, set point controls, power display, operational inputs of temperature0785616 control system (116). User interface (138) may be accessed wirelessly through the cloud.

[0083] FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of temperature control system (116) showing sensory, user, and mode inputs with actuator outputs. As shown in FIGS.1-3 and 6-7, temperature control system (116) may selectively control fans (F1-F12), HVAC system (118), and user interface (138). Temperature control system (116) utilizes specifically placed temperature sensors (S1-S18) (see FIGS. 13-26) arranged to achieve a temperature profile in which to apply the methods shown and described with reference to FIGS.11-26.

[0084] 2. Illustrative Moisture Removal and Storage

[0085] As shown in4-5, container (110) may include an optional means for extracting moisture and an optional means for storing the removed moisture within container (110). The means for moisture extraction may include a moisture absorbing apparatus (202), a moisture collector (204), a storage tank (206), or other suitable structure. FIG. 4 includes a moisture absorbing apparatus (202) to remove moisture from the conditioned air. Moisture absorbing apparatus (202) may include moisture absorbing material (e.g., moisture absorbing crystals or desiccants) for use in a moderately humid environment. Moisture absorbing material is positioned at least partially within a return air flow channel (168) that flows upward. Alternatively, the moisture absorbing apparatus may include a chamber configured to receive moisture absorbing material. Moisture absorbing apparatus (202) is removable from container (110) using an access door (208). Access door (208) may allow for easy removal or exchange of moisture absorbing apparatus (202) without opening doors (156). Moisture absorbing apparatus (202) may have a variety of shapes (including a cylinder, prism, etc.) and / or sizes.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 5, container (110) may include a moisture collector (204) and / or storage tank (206) for moisture extraction and a storage container (110) is configured to store the removed moisture. Moisture within interior (114) is collected as condensed water as it drips from evaporator coils (180) in operation as well as during optional defrosting modes. In some versions, moisture collector (204) may include a dehumidifier. For high humidity environments, condensation is collected and stored under floor (162) for later disposal using a tank (206) connected by a conduit (210). Increased humidity within interior (114) increases the energy for thermal control and0785616 decreases the efficiency of thermal regulation. Further, excess humidity may cause condensation accumulation in cooling system (174), which may cause undesirable buildup of frost and ice. This buildup reduces efficiency and may lead to a circulation blockage and reduce the thermal exchange.

[0087] FIG.6 shows another illustrative recirculation fan (R2) positioned proximate to doors (156). Recirculation fan (R2) may be positioned at least partially within return air flow channel (168) to provide localized airflow back to interior (114) for localized flow redirection. Recirculation fan (R2) enhances the contoured flow to minimize the effect of gaps in cargo geometries and normalize asymmetric temperature distributions. Recirculation fans (R1, R2) of FIGS.1 and 6 may work in parallel with the function of fans (F1-F12) mounted in fan shroud (142). Forward mounted recirculation fans (R1, R2) increase flow variability within the conformal flow control system including axial fans located under vent (e.g., on the left and right side) and recirculation fans (R1, R2) located in the corners inside door (156) of container (110). Recirculation fans (R1, R2) do not restrict access to cargo (112) but provide additional direction control and pressure variations.

[0088] 3. Illustrative Fan Shroud and Fans

[0089] FIG.7 shows an illustrative fan shroud (142). Fan shroud (142) accommodates a plurality of fans (F1-F12) optionally grouped as air flow pods (P1-P6). The positioning of fans (F1-F12) is illustrative. FIG. 7 shows an example of a twelve-fan arrangement with high efficiency, high power axial fans in fan shroud (142) to provide contoured flow using individual or group control of fans (F1-F12). As shown, fans (F1- F12) are positioned in fan shroud (142) through openings (212). First and second fans (F1, F2) are positioned proximate to first end wall (144) and away from doors (156). Six air flow pods (P1-P6) are shown in FIG. 7, which are each configured to accommodate two fans and accompanying fan drivers. While not shown, more or fewer air flow pods (P1-P6) are envisioned, with each air flow pod (P1-P6) including at least one fan. Each air flow pod (P1-P6) may include the same or different number and / or type of fans. Air flow pods (P1-P6) may be angled to direct the air flow at the desired angle to specific locations (e.g., first, second, and / or third locations) within interior (114) of container (110).

[0090] Fan shroud (142) includes trapezoidal shaped recesses (214) to direct volumes of air. Fan shroud (142) includes four arcuate diverters (216), which may be in the0785616 form of double curved ducts. First arcuate diverter (216) is configured to aid first fan (F1) to direct first volume (V1) of the conditioned air to the first location within interior (114). Similarly, second arcuate diverter (216) is configured to aid the second fan to direct second volume (V2) of the conditioned air to the second location within interior (114). Arcuate diverters (216) optimize flow rate and direction. Arcuate diverters (216) direct the conditioned air to predetermined areas of container (110) to provide local directional energy as directional flow originating at cold wall (172) is reduced by interior (114) proximate doors (156). As shown in FIG.7, fans of pod (P1) are angled to first side wall (148), and fans of pod (P2) are angled to second side wall (150). Fans in pod (P3, P4) are horizontally positioned, and fans of pod (P5, P6) are vertically positioned. As shown, air flow pods (P1-P6) align with trapezoidal shaped recesses (214) to carry pod (P1-P6) isolation directly out toward top wall (152).

[0091] Fan shroud (142) directs air flow, provides space for thermal exchange, provides mountings for fans (F1-F12), and provides a plurality of ducts to separate and direct air flow into interior (114). Optionally, fans (F1-F12) may be positioned to increase the dynamic effects of the conformal flow. Fan shroud (142) separates flow and establishes incoming and outgoing air zones with respect to thermal exchange. A static pressure well (220) is configured to increase static air flow within interior (114). Static pressure well (220) provides a predetermined space where primary flow is drawn to create a low- pressure differential in fans (F1-F12) allowing the increased flow. Static pressure well (220) between heater and cooling system (174) and fans (F1-F12) create greater air pressure and therefore more efficient heat exchange. Fan shroud (142) and placement of fans (F1-F12) create static pressure well (220) on top of evaporator coils (180) to increase the uniformity of flow through HVAC system (118). For example, HVAC system (118) may include either HVAC evaporator coils (see FIG. 1) or sublimation / dry-ice radiators (see FIG. 30). Fan shroud (142) also includes sidewalls (222). While fan shroud (142) is shown as being formed from multiple panels in FIG. 7A, fan shroud (142) may be integrally formed together as a single unitary piece. As shown, fans (F1-F12) are top mounted and accessible from cold wall (172). While not shown, fan shroud (142) may include mounting holes for fasteners (223) (see FIG.7A) as well as wire raceways and tie points.

[0092] While FIG. 7 shows square axial fans, fans (F1-F12) may have a variety of shapes and sizes including rectangular or circular. Fans (F1-F12) are high efficiency,0785616 produce significant flow, and flow direction control. Fans (F1-F12) may be individually controlled for contoured flow control to condition currently underserved areas (UA) and walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152), as well as compensate for irregular cargo geometries.

[0093] As shown in FIGS. 8A-8C, temperature control system (116) may include an optional louver (224) that is selectively adjustable between multiple positions. As shown, louver (224) includes a push pull cable / rod (226) that is movable using temperature control system (116). In other words, the movement of louver (224) by push pull cable / rod (226) is controlled by controller (136) of temperature control system (116). In FIG. 8A, flow may be substantially blocked. In FIG. 8B, louver (224) is configured to direct a greater volume of air to at least a portion of first volume (V1) to the first location. For example, louver (224) may direct a greater volume to first side wall (148) than to second side wall (150) or vice versa. Alternatively, louver (224) may direct a greater volume to first end wall (144) than to second end wall (146) depending on the orientation of louver (224) or vice versa. In FIG. 8C, louver (224) minimally affects the flow of the conditioned air. Intermediate positions between those shown in FIGS.8A-8B and between FIGS.8B-8C are also envisioned.

[0094] FIGS. 9A, 9B, 10, and 10A show various types of fans suitable for use with temperature control system (116). Fans (F1-F12) may include torsional fans (228) (see FIG.9A), axial fans (230) (see FIG.9B), or tubular fans (232) (see FIG.10). Fans (F1- F12) may be the same or different and used in combination with one another. For example, first and second fans (F1-F2) may both be axial fans (230), or alternatively, first fan (F1) may be an axial fan (230) and second fan (F2) may be a torsional fan (228). Other combinations of fans are also envisioned. FIG.9A schematically shows torsional fans (228) producing tangential air flow, and FIG. 9B schematically shows axial fans (230) producing linear flow streams. Axial fans (230) may cover greater width further streamlining combined flow patterns at lower energies, further increasing efficiency. FIG. 9A shows tangential fan air flow (T) verses axial fan air flow (A) streamlining indicating the energy draining turn and non-ideal flow and directivity of the torsional fans (228) in comparison with the straighter path flow of axial fans (230) for increased flow, volume, and coverage.

[0095] FIG.10 shows an optional tubular fan (232), which may also be referred to as a slotted tubular fan, which is similar to recirculation fan (R1) (see FIG. 1). As shown,0785616 tubular fan (232) includes a first axis (A1) and a second axis (A2) that is perpendicular to first axis (A1). Length of tubular fan (232) along first axis (A1) is greater than width along second axis (A2). First axis (A1) is shown as extending vertically. Tubular fan (232) may be positioned near doors (156). Tubular fan (232) gathers air from rotors (234) positioned at terminal ends (shown enlarged in FIG. 10A) and exhausts through slots (236) along narrow body, primary for localized recirculation. Tubular fans (232) have small diameter and discreetly fit into corners or along ridges. As shown in FIG. 10A, rotors (234) may include fins (238).

[0096] 4. First Illustrative Method

[0097] Illustrative methods (310) of using container (110) of FIGS. 1-6 are described with reference to FIGS.11-26. Method (310) also applies to containers (410, 510, 610, 710) shown and described with reference to FIGS. 27-30. FIG. 12 shows an empty interior (114) with doors (156) open showing vents (170) and floor (162), which is the return air pathway under floor (162).

[0098] As shown in comparing FIGS. 13-15, at step (312) of FIG. 11, temperature sensors (S1-S18) sense temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior. Temperature control system (116) is configured to receive temperature values from temperature sensors (S1-S18) positioned within interior (114) of container (110). For example, first temperature sensor (S1) senses first temperature value(s) at the first location within interior (114), second temperature sensor (S2) senses second temperature value(s) at the second location within interior (114), third temperature sensor (S3) senses third temperature value(s) at the third location within interior (114), fourth temperature sensor (S4) senses fourth temperature value(s) at the fourth location within interior (114), and so on for additional temperature sensors (S5-S18) sensing additional temperature value(s) at additional locations within interior (114). The first, second, third, and fourth locations are each separated apart from one another. Temperature sensors (S1-S18) may optionally sense temperature values on outside of container (110).

[0099] The positioning of temperature sensors (S1-S18) is for illustrative purposes. For example, in some versions, a temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on a first portion of first end wall (144), and another temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on a second portion of first end wall (144). In some versions, a temperature sensor (S1- S18) is positioned in proximity to first side wall (148), and another temperature sensor0785616 (S1-S18) is positioned in proximity to second side wall (150). In some versions, a temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on first side wall (148), and another temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on second side wall (150). In some versions, a temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on a first portion of temperature sensitive cargo (112), and another temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on a second portion of temperature sensitive cargo (112). In some versions, a temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned in proximity to first side wall (148), and another temperature sensor (S1- S18) is positioned on a first portion of temperature sensitive cargo. In some versions, a temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned on a first portion of temperature sensitive cargo, and another temperature sensor (S1-S18) is positioned in proximity to first side wall (148).

[0100] Temperature control system (116) is configured to receive the first, second third, and / or fourth temperature values from the first, second, third, and fourth temperature sensors (any of temperature sensors (S1-S18)). Temperature control system (116) is configured to determine whether at least one of the first, second, third, and / or fourth temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range. The predetermined temperature range may include a set point as well as any allowable deviation from the set point. In some versions, the set point is a single number, while in other versions, the set point is a range of numbers that includes a lower limit and an upper limit.

[0101] FIG. 13 shows a general flow profile of empty cargo container (110) in static mode with temperature sensors (S1-S18), schematically as small circles, spaced along an inner surface of the walls (148, 150, 152) and floor (162) of interior (114) and normal static air flow path (arrows) from exhaust to return ducts where interior (114) is empty.

[0102] As shown in FIGS.14 or 15, at optional step (314), temperature control system (116) may provide conditioned air to interior (114). FIG. 14 shows a flow profile for an optional first phase of a medium sized geometric load. Air flow is the convective means for thermoregulation to be achieved. The more efficiently and more completely the thermoregulation is performed, the better the cargo temperature is maintained as shown in FIG. 14. Fans drive the circulation of air. By using a higher number of compact fans, the flow and efficiency is increased. Temperature control system (116) may utilize an algorithm that matches the temperature affecting energy with the flow rate demand to maintain temperature in the entire cargo bay based on sensed temperature data.0785616

[0103] As shown in FIGS. 14-16, in some versions, temperature control system (116) may provide the conditioned air to the first and second locations. In some versions, the cycle of thermoregulation starts with an optional first phase baseline analysis of the temperatures of interior (114). Multiple phases may allow for temperature sensors (S1- S18) to evaluate sources of temperature deviation, external effects, and potentials for thermal loss. In some versions, temperature sensors may be placed only in interior (114). The optional first phase baseline analysis may utilize an initial central or static circulation of several minutes, as shown in FIG.18, and once initial flow is established, as shown in FIG. 16, temperature control system (116) may automatically reconfigure air flow characteristics as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. For example, multiple phases may draw their own reaction to heat exchange with the provision that a second flow rate, direction, or pressure differential will have another, and provide for more complete coverage and homogeneous thermoregulation. Temperature sensors (S1-S18) detect imbalances in energy and provide feedback on the differences in desired flow.

[0104] FIG. 15 optional first phase for a medium sized cargo with sufficient thermoregulation (solid arrows) of the cargo in 30°C ambient exposure, as well as underserved cargo areas including upper and lower corners. FIG. 15 shows a general flow profile of large sized geometric load in static mode with a heat exposed first side wall (148). Unlike FIG.14 where the flow is sufficient to maintain the predetermined temperature range, FIG. 15 shows right most air streams insufficiently correcting for heat (dashed line) in this cooling illustration and not maintaining the predetermined temperature range of about 2°C-8°C on the center and lower right due to the heated first side wall (148). FIG. 15 also shows temperature control system (116) working harder to compensate but bringing the section of the cargo load (112a) nearer to the exhaust below the predetermined temperature range. FIG. 15 shows insufficient maintenance of cargo temperature due to large sized volume and especially a heat exposed right wall typical of exposure to the sun as well as more severe underserved cargo areas including upper and lower corners. FIG. 15 shows limitations of flow of static distribution on large loads, asymmetric loads, and with extreme external temperature exposure. FIG. 15 shows disadvantages of static flow patterns (e.g., corners, odd geometries, crevices, over-load cases, hot or cold walls).

[0105] FIG.16 shows a general flow profile of a large geometric load with heat exposed first side wall (148) (represented by the dashed line on the right). Temperature control0785616 system (116) may repeatedly test thermal consistency for uneven conditions as well as general circulation. In other words, the optional first phase may be repeated. Temperature control system (116) may perform the optional first phase configured to provide flow for a short time. The temperature control system (116) measures and interprets temperature levels. Temperature control system (116) considers various flow configurations in evaluating this large sized cargo with a heated first side wall (148).

[0106] As shown in FIGS. 11 and 17, at optional step (316), prior to directing first volume (V1) to the first location and second volume (V2) to the second location, temperature control system (116) may provide a third volume (V3) of the conditioned air to the first location and a fourth volume (V4) of the conditioned air to the second location. The fourth volume (V4) of air may be greater than or less than third volume (V3). At optional step (316), temperature sensors (S1-S18) may sense temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior. At optional step (318), temperature control system (116) determines whether at least first temperature value at first location is outside of predetermined temperature range. If no, method (310) may proceed back to step (314) shown by arrow (320). At optional step (322), as shown in FIG.17, temperature control system (116) may direct a greater volume of conditioned air to second location compared to first location. FIG.17 shows optional phase 2, where temperature control system (116) configures and increases the air flow in second pod (P2) for a short duration of time. Temperature control system (116) determines the effect of left most flow on temperature sensors. The dashed line represents the right most flow warming as it interacts with the hotter first side wall (148).

[0107] At step (324), temperature sensors (S1-S18) sense temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior. At step (326), temperature control system (116) determines whether at least first temperature value at first location is outside of predetermined temperature range. If no, method (310) may proceed back to step (328). If at least first temperature value at first location is outside of predetermined temperature range, method (1310) may proceed to step (330). At step (330), temperature control system (116) directs a greater volume of conditioned air to first location compared to second location. FIG.18 shows a third phase, where temperature control system (116) increases the air flow for first pod (P1) that includes first fan (F1). Temperature control system (116) measures and interprets the effect of right most flow0785616 based on temperature sensors (S1-S18). In FIG.18, the dashed lines represent the flow warming as the air interacts in with the hotter first side wall (148).

[0108] In response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, temperature control system (116) is configured to (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the conditioned air to the first location within interior (114) using at least the first fan (F1), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the conditioned air to the second location within interior (114) using second fan (F2). The positioning of first and second volumes (V1, V2) is illustrative. First volume (V1) of air is greater than second volume (V2) of air, so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location. First volume (V1) produces a first pressure, and second volume produces a second pressure. Since first volume (V1) is greater than second volume (V2), the first pressure is greater than the second pressure. Since air moves from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure, air migrates from the first location to the second location. During this migration, conditioned air may flow around cargo (112, 112a, 112b) to condition cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0109] First volume (V1) may be directed simultaneously with or sequentially relative to second volume (V2). Regarding sequential distribution, first volume (V1) may be distributed before or after second volume (V2). The first and second volumes may be influenced by historical data showing the effect on prior locations using prior first and second volumes (V1, V2), as well as artificial intelligence including machine learning used by temperature control system (116). Optionally, temperature control system (116) is configured to receive a third temperature value from third temperature sensor (S3) at the third location within interior (114). Temperature control system (116) is configured to determine whether at least one of the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range.

[0110] In a cooling situation, temperature control system (116) determines whether a measured temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature range (i.e., whether a measured temperature exceeds the upper tolerance). For example, in response to determining the first temperature value is below the predetermined temperature range, temperature control system (116) is configured to (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the cooled air to the first location using at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the cooled air to the second location using the second0785616 fan (F2). In a cooling scenario, first volume (V1) is greater than second volume (V2), so that the decrease in temperature at the first location is greater than the than the decrease in temperature at the second location.

[0111] In a heating situation, temperature control system (116) determines whether a measured temperature is less than the predetermined temperature range (i.e., whether a measured temperature is below the lower tolerance) using temperature sensors (S1- S18). For example, in response to determining the first temperature value is less the predetermined temperature range, temperature control system (116) may (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the heated air to the first location within interior (114) using at least first fan (F1), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the heated air to the second location within interior (114) using the second fan (F2). First volume (V1) of air is greater than second volume (V2) of air so that the increase in temperature at the first location is greater than the increase in temperature at the second location. Additional fans, such as fans (F3-F12), may be operated similarly to first and second fans (F1, F2).

[0112] Temperatures at first, second, third, and / or fourth locations may be selectively altered using a variety of methods. For example, temperature control system (116) may control air flow in the active static and active dynamic cases. Increased air flow in interior (114) assists with thermal regulation of temperature sensitive cargo (112) by minimizing non-conforming areas caused to degradation or loss. Temperature control system (116) senses variations in temperature according to the various flow configurations based on factors including cargo geometry. Temperature control system (116) may continually learn and adjust parameters of flow volume, flow configuration, duty cycle, and recirculation in forming the optimal flow geometry as shown in FIGS. 19-20 as well as FIGS.25-26.

[0113] Contoured flow allows for changes in intensity and dynamic direction. This flow may be used in primary regulation as well as recirculation modes; and either in active or semi-passive systems. Contoured flow provides greater temperature control at lower energy levels, while also incorporating dynamic variations more thoroughly. This circulation creates different directions of air flow within interior (114) and around cargo itself (e.g., in the case of a non-standard or unknown geometry). Pressure- induced directional flow may be created amidst the geometry of cargo (112) but also first side wall (148), top wall (152), and second side wall (150).0785616

[0114] The arrangement and individual control of fans (F1-F12) and air ducting (e.g., using arcuate diverters (216) and / or louver (224)) may be controlled. In some versions, temperature control system (116) may increase a speed setting of first fan (F1) and / or decrease a speed setting of second fan (F2). Temperature control system (116) may vary the pattern of fans (F1-F12) on an interpod or intrapod basis. Fan speeds may be selectively altered in specific locations (or zones) to adjust temperatures in select zone(s) of container (110) through constant operation or by pulsing. For example, pulse width modulation (PWM) speed control may be incorporated by driving the fan motor with a series of “ON-OFF” pulses and varying the duty cycle. For example, first fan (F1) may provide first volume (V1) of air using a series of on and off pulses and / or second fan (F2) to provide second volume (V2) of air using a series of on and off pulses. As applied to cargo (112, 112a, 112b) and interior (114), this method (310) achieves increased thermoregulation, as shown in FIGS.19-20 and FIGS.25-26.

[0115] Temperature control system (116) may alter the flow rate of fans (F1-F12) relative to another of fans (F1-F12) (e.g., first fan (F1) relative to second fan (F2)). For example, temperature control system (116) may direct first volume (V1) of the conditioned air to the first location within interior (114) at a first flow rate using first fan (F1) and direct second volume (V2) to the second location within interior (114) at a second flow rate using second fan (F2). The first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location. In some versions, temperature control system (116) may automatically adjust the flow rate of first fan (F1) relative to second fan (F2).

[0116] First fan (F1) may direct first volume (V1) to the first location for a first amount of time. Similarly, second fan (F2) may direct second volume (V2) of the conditioned air to the second location for a second amount of time. The first amount of time is greater than the second amount of time so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

[0117] Additional fans may be used to direct air flow to additional underserved areas. For example, in response to determining the first and third temperature values are outside of the predetermined temperature range, temperature control system (116) may (A) direct first volume (V1) of the conditioned air to the first location within interior (114) using at least first fan (F1), (B) direct second volume (V2) of the conditioned air to the second location within interior (114) using second fan (F2), and (3) direct third0785616 volume (V3a)(see FIG. 19) of the conditioned air to the third location within interior (114) using at least third fan (F3). First volume (V1) of air is greater than third volume (V3a), which is greater than second volume (V2) so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change at the third location, which is greater than the change in temperature at the second location. Alternatively, if only the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, first and third fans (F1, F3) may direct first volume (V1) to the first location, and second fan (F2) may direct second volume (V2) to the second location within interior (114). Alternatively, first fan (F1) may direct first volume (V1) of the conditioned air to the first location while third fan (F3) is off and not directing air.

[0118] FIG.19 shows the adjusted flow duty cycle superimposed on cargo (112) shows temperature control system (116) interpreted the sensor inputs and adjusted the contoured flow. In this example, increased air flow volume on the right flow and shows normalized interior (114) and load temperature with all load temperatures shown within the predetermined temperature range (e.g., about 2°C-8°C). FIGS. 19-20 show the resulting summation of all phases of flow as adjusted by temperature control system (116) to normalize the temperature of interior (114) and the resulting increased thermoregulation of interior (114) and load and flow into underserved areas due to location or geometry. FIG. 20 shows simultaneously all phases of flow (left most, normal, and right most). The cumulative effect (or summation) of all flow profiles with method (310) favoring the heavier weight of first pod (P1) compensates for the external heat exposure on the right wall. The heavier line weight denotes greater volume of flow via increased fan output and / or longer duty cycle.

[0119] In response to directing first volume (V1) of the conditioned air to the first location and second volume (V2) of the conditioned air to the second location, method (310) may return to step (312) of temperature sensors (S1-S18) sensing temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior as shown by arrow (332). Alternatively, step (330) may return to step (324) omitting the optional first and second phases.

[0120] 5. Second Illustrative Method

[0121] As shown in FIG 21, at step (312) of FIG. 11, temperature sensors (S1-S18) sense temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior. FIG.21 shows temperature control system (116) configuring fans (F1-F12) for the flow profile0785616 of static mode for this large sized non-symmetric load with heat exposed first side wall (148). Temperature control system (116) measures and interprets temperature levels. The dashed line represents the flow exposed to higher temperatures. FIG. 21, at optional step (314) of FIG. 11, temperature control system (116) may provide conditioned air to interior (114).

[0122] FIG.21 shows general flow profile of large non-symmetric cargo (112) in static mode with heat exposed right wall. FIG. 21 shows central air streams not reaching aspects of the load due to an odd geometrical creating underserved circulation areas and right most air streams (dashed flow line) insufficiently managing heat due to the warmer panel and not maintaining desired cargo load set point of about -8°C to about 2°C. FIG. 21 shows the effect of undesired thermoregulation due to a combination of an asymmetrical load and extreme exposure on the right wall, specifically showing underserved areas (UA) in the corners but also in the crevices that could exist in various loads.

[0123] Temperature control system (116) may increase thermoregulation in instances of irregular load geometries of cargo (112), where the geometry itself has corners, crevices, and other impedances for normal static circulation, as well as the possibility for external loss due to extreme exposure. As shown in FIGS. 22-24, temperature control system (116) may perform an optional multi-phase evaluation of the temperature distribution of temperature sensitive cargo though different flow configurations and volumes. As shown in FIG. 26, temperature control system (116) may provide an optimal flow characteristic for an odd-geometry load and increase thermoregulation of the load. Method (310) incorporates changes in load, interior (114), and / or external temperature effects.

[0124] FIGS. 22-24 depict an illustration of central (statis) (FIG. 22), left-side most (FIG. 23), and right-side most (FIG. 24) increased flow in three phases evaluating temperature control considerations for this asymmetrical load with hot wall exposure, with the exposed first side wall (148) experiencing higher effect due to proximity to the highest temperature deviation.

[0125] At optional step (316), temperature sensors (S1-S18) may sense temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior. At optional step (318), temperature control system (116) determines whether at least first temperature value at first location is outside of predetermined temperature range. If no, method (310) may0785616 proceed back to step (314) shown by arrow (320). At optional step (322), as shown in FIG.23, temperature control system (116) may direct a greater volume of conditioned air to second location compared to first location. FIG. 23 shows operation of temperature control system (116) in optional second phase. Temperature control system (116) may reconfigure and increase the air flow in the left most duct. It may similarly measure and interpret the effect of left most flow on temperature sensors (S1- S18) based on feedback from temperature sensors. The dashed line represents slightly higher return air flow due to the hotter first side wall (148).

[0126] At step (324), temperature sensors (S1-S18) sense temperature values at various locations in interior (114) and / or exterior. At step (326), temperature control system (116) determines whether at least first temperature value at first location is outside of predetermined temperature range. If no, method (310) may proceed back to step (328). If at least first temperature value at first location is outside of predetermined temperature range, method (1310) may proceed to step (330). As shown in FIG.24, at step (330) of FIG. 11, temperature control system (116) directs a greater volume of conditioned air to first location compared to second location. FIG.24 shows operation in the third phase, where temperature control system (116) increases the flow for the right most duct for a short time. Temperature control system (116) determines the effect of right most flow from temperature sensors (S1-S18), specifically when absorbing external heat / cold energy (indicated by the dashed lines).

[0127] FIG. 25 shows increased multipath flow to reduce or eliminate underserved areas, increasing normalization, and subsequently producing thermal equilibrium across the load even with asymmetric load and hot wall as well as the complex aspects of the flow as the differential pressure created provides underserved areas (UA) increased flow and hence, temperature normalization. The example of the externally heated first side wall (148) and temperature control system (116) overcoming that exposure to achieve cargo temperature normalization for exposed surfaces and in either hot or cold exposure situations. FIGS.25-26 show the resulting summation of the flow rate of all phases in the asymmetric load example as adjusted by temperature control system (116) to normalize the temperature of interior (114) and the resulting increased thermoregulation of interior (114) and load.

[0128] FIG. 26 simultaneously shows all phases of flow (left most, normal, and right most) with container (110) removed for additional clarity. The summation of all flow0785616 profiles using this illustrative method (310) favors the heavier line weight. This increased volume at step (330) may be due to higher fan outputs and / or increased duty cycle of first pod (P1) using the right most duct to compensate for the external heat exposure on first side wall (148) as well as showing benefits of multipath flow fulfilling thermal normalcy in underserved areas.

[0129] B. Second Illustrative Container

[0130] FIGS.27 and 28 show a second illustrative container (110). Container (410) is similar to container (110) shown and described above with reference to FIGS. 1-26, except as where otherwise indicated below. Container (410) has a larger interior (414) than container (110) to generally accommodate four U.S. pallets of goods or 5 Euro pallets of goods; however, it is envisioned that container (410) may have a variety of different geometries. Container (410) has a different size and volume than container (110) of FIGS. 1-26 but is similarly capable of temperature control with a range of about -20°C to about 25°C with the advantages of increased efficiency in conditioning air and contoured flow. As shown in FIG.28, there are a plurality of air flow pods (P1- P6) for dynamic contoured flow patterns. However, more or fewer pods and fans are also envisioned.

[0131] As shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, housing (422) is formed by a plurality of walls that include a first end wall (444), a second end wall (446), a first side wall (448), a second side wall (450), a top wall (452), and a bottom wall (454). Container (410) also includes a rear top ceiling (451) adjacent a cold wall (472), and a floor (462). Similar to return air flow channel (168), vents (470) positioned in floor (462) are in communication with return air flow channel (468). Container (410) includes a controller (436) shown in FIGS. 27 and 29 similar to controller (136). Similarly, first side wall (448) and second side wall (450) include a plurality of projections (465) forming recesses (467).

[0132] C. Third Illustrative Container

[0133] FIGS. 29-30 show a third illustrative container (510) including a hybrid (or semi-passive) system. Container (510) is similar to container (110) shown and described above with reference to FIGS. 1-26, except as where otherwise indicated below. Similar to temperature control system (116), temperature control system (516) includes a heater (590) and a cooling system (574). However, cooling system (574)0785616 includes cooling material for a hybrid / semi-passive cooling mode of operation. As shown, cooling material may include sublimation material (580) and / or a container (584) including a phase change material. Sublimation material (580) may include a mass of dry ice in the form of one or more blocks, pellets, and / or shavings. Cooling material provides a passive source of cold energy, typically in a cooling mode in response to container (110) being in a hotter environment. The cold reservoir may be a sublimation-based material, such as dry ice or a plurality of pre-conditioned containers (584) including phase change material (similar to containers (684) including phase change material of FIG.33). Containers (584) may be secured using racks (685). Cooling material extends cold temperature operation especially for longer performance duration shipments.

[0134] As shown, cooling system (574) includes a sublimation thermal exchanger (576), a sublimation material container (578) configured to receive sublimation material (580), instead of evaporator (176) and condenser (178) of FIGS. 1-2. Sublimation thermal exchanger (576) is configured to provide cooled air to interior (114). Sublimation thermal exchanger (576) includes a radiator (586). Sublimation material (580) may be added to and removed from container (110) using an access door (582). Access door (582) may allow for easy removal of sublimation material (580) without opening doors (156). As shown, at least one of first end wall (544), second end wall (546), first side wall (548), or second side wall (550) include optional removable container(s) (584).

[0135] Temperature control system (516), using dry-ice as sublimation material (580), may have set points below about -20°C. Container (510) achieves an extended temperature control range (about -20°C to about 25°C) without HVAC system (118). This predetermined temperature range may be obtained by increasing the flow volume. For example, temperatures from about -40°C to about -30°C may be obtained at the expense of the duration of thermal control time due to the fixed volume of sublimation material (580) (e.g., dry-ice), and therefore useable energy. For example, a hybrid system using both the active power as well as dry ice and / or phase change material in combination may allow for longer shipment duration. This may be similar to container (610) shown and described with reference to FIGS. 31-33, but additionally includes sublimation thermal exchanger (576) of FIG. 30. Cooling system (574) allows container (510) to operate down to a temperature of about -79°C.0785616

[0136] The cold energy is transferred to interior (514) from within fan shroud (542) or mounted in interior (514), including on walls or ceilings that may be adversely affected by heat or sun exposure. One or more fans (F1-12) may be used to recirculate the cold air or promote heat exchange in the case of a removable container with a radiator or across the surface of the contained material. In this case, the thermal transfer in cooling mode involves drawing air flow across a replaceable or refillable container (110) containing dry ice with means of heat exchange (e.g., a micro-fin radiator attachment), placed where evaporator coils (180) would be located in container (110). The draw on battery / batteries (524) would be lower, and therefore, last longer for the same size, or may use smaller cells for the same duration as container (110), shown in FIGS. 1-2. Container (510) includes a plurality of temperature sensors, which may be similar to temperature sensors (S1-S18) shown and described above.

[0137] D. Fourth Illustrative Container

[0138] FIGS. 31-33 show a fourth illustrative container (610), similar to container (110) shown and described above with reference to FIGS. 1-26, except as where otherwise indicated below. Container (610) is shown as a passive container that does not include an HVAC system (118). Container (710) includes a plurality of walls that include a first end wall (644), a second end wall (646), a first side wall (648), a second side wall (650), a top wall (652), and a bottom wall (654). Walls (644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654) collectively define an interior (614) of container (610).

[0139] Temperature control system (616) is configured to homogenously condition interior (614). Temperature control system (616) includes a cooling material (622). Similar to container (510) of FIGS. 29-30, cooling material (622) may be sublimation material (580) and / or phase change material. Recirculation fans (R3, R4) provide recirculation of air within interior (114) without using HVAC system (118) as shown and described above that produces conditioned air. Temperature control system (616) may direct a first volume (V1) of the air to the first location within interior (614) using at least a first fan, shown as a recirculation fan (R3). Additionally, temperature control system (616) may direct a second volume (V2) of air to the second location within interior (614) using second fan, shown as a recirculation fan (R4). First volume (V1) of air is greater than second volume (V2) of air, so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location. As shown, recirculation fans (R3, R4) are positioned proximate to first end wall (644) and away0785616 from door (656). Alternatively, recirculation fans (R3, R4) may be positioned proximate to second end wall (646) and door (656).

[0140] FIG. 31 shows a contoured flow in passive container (610) used only in recirculation mode. Recirculation of air produces a more homogeneous temperature of interior (614). Container (610) has no active means of heating or cooling cargo to a set point. Recirculation fans (R3, R4) may omit a ‘set point’. Passive container (610) (e.g., used for air cargo shipping) may use a plurality of pre-conditioned phase-change- material blocks or cartridges (684) lining sides, doors, and roof of container (610). These cartridges (684) are placed between the temperature sensitive cargo and walls of interior (614). Insulation (e.g., vacuum insulated panels) is positioned between the internal and external surfaces as part of the construction. Passive container (610) is exposed to external temperature effects similar to active and semi-passive containers with effects primarily due to heat and sun. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the effects of elevated side temperature that may create uneven temperature distribution within interior (614) of container (610). By including internal recirculation based on temperature sensor inputs, a more normalized temperature distribution within interior (614) may be obtained and subsequently maintained.

[0141] Recirculation fans (R3, R4) may be stand-alone devices, containing one or more batteries (624), and temperature sensors, and a controller. For example, temperature control system (616) operating the contoured flow, batteries, temperature sensors, and fans may be housed within a stand-alone cylinder or stack. Recirculation fans (R3, R4) may be powered by an optional solar panel (655) positioned on top wall (652). Recirculation fans (R3, R4) may be connected via a wired connection or wirelessly. Communication from controller (136) of temperature control system (616) may drive the functions of recirculation fans (R3, R4) placed in other corners of container (610). As shown, a communication line (620) allows one main control unit (e.g., recirculation fan (R3)) to coordinate control with temperature sensors (S1, S2) and operate additional (e.g., second, third, fourth, and so on) supplementary units (e.g., recirculation fan (R4)) located in other areas of interior (114). It is also envisioned that the main and supplemental units may communicate wirelessly (e.g., including Bluetooth communications).

[0142] FIGS. 34-36 show illustrative recirculation fans (R3, R3a, R3b) for use with containers (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) in place of recirculation fans (R1, R2, R4, R5, R6).0785616 Particularly, FIG. 34 shows recirculation fan (R3) including a controller (686) and battery (688), with the air flow direction indicated by arrow (690). Controller (686) may be similar to controller (136). Battery (688) may be similar to battery (124), but may be smaller (e.g., include less Ampere-hours) to sufficiently power fan(s). As shown in FIG. 34, controller (686), battery (688), and axial fan (690) are positioned within recirculation fan (R3). FIG. 35 shows a recirculation fan (R3a) including controller (686), battery (688), and axial fan (690), but also including a reverse axial fan (692) directing air in a second direction opposite to the first direction. This configuration allows recirculation fan (R3a) to direct air using axial fan (690) in a first direction shown by arrow (694) or direct air using axial fan (692) in a second direction as shown by arrow (696), where the second direction is opposite to the first direction. This bidirectional airflow may also be obtained using a bidirectional fan (not shown). FIG. 36 shows a recirculation fan (R3b), where controller (686) and battery (688) are not positioned within recirculation fan (R3b), but rather connected to recirculation fan (R3b) by wire(s) (698).

[0143] E. Fifth Illustrative Container

[0144] FIGS.37-38 show a fifth illustrative container (710), similar to container (610) shown and described above with reference to FIGS. 31-36, except as where otherwise indicated below. Container (710) is shown as a passive modular container that does not include an HVAC system (118). Container (710) may be manually converted from a generally flat configuration to reduce the volume during transit when not containing a temperature sensitive cargo to an assembled configuration as shown in FIG. 37 when transporting a temperature sensitive cargo. Container (710) includes a plurality of walls that include a first end wall (744), a second end wall (746), a first side wall (748), a second side wall (750), a top wall (752), and a bottom wall (754). Walls (744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) collectively define an interior (714) of container (710). Interior (714) is configured to receive temperature sensitive cargo (712). Container (710) includes a plurality of temperature sensors shown as (S1-S4) positioned outside of recirculation fans (R3-R6); however, more or fewer temperature sensors are also envisioned. Container (710) includes a temperature control system (716) similar to temperature control system (616).

[0145] Container (710) includes a plurality of removable containers (756) containing a phase change material. If desired, multiple removable containers (756) may be coupled0785616 together or may inserted into foldable sleeves (758) of walls (744, 746, 748, 750). Bottom surfaces of walls (744, 746, 748, 750) are configured to be selectively positioned within a groove (764) of bottom wall (754). Similarly, top surfaces of walls (744, 746, 748, 750) are configured to be selectively positioned within a groove (not shown) of top wall (752). Bottom wall (754) is positioned on a pallet (760).

[0146] Similar to container (610), container (710) includes at least one recirculation fan, with recirculation fans (R3-R6) being shown in FIGS. 37-38. Recirculation fans (R3-R6) are shown as being spaced from top and bottom walls (752, 754). Recirculation fans (R3-R6) may be similar to recirculation fans (R1, R2, R3a, R3b) shown and described above. In some versions, recirculation fans (R3-R6) may be powered by an optional solar panel (762) positioned on top wall (652). As shown, recirculation fans (R3, R4) direct air in a first direction (shown as an upwards direction) and recirculation fans (R5, R6) direct air in a second direction (shown as a downwards direction). Alternatively, recirculation fans (R3, R5) may provide air direct air in a first direction (e.g., an upwards direction), and recirculation fans (R4, R6) direct air in a second direction (e.g., a downwards direction), such that diagonal fans directing air in the same direction. Recirculation fans (R3-R6) may interact wirelessly using controllers (686). Alternatively, recirculation fans (R3-R6) may share a common controller similar to recirculation fan (R3b) and / or a battery. Recirculation fans (R3- R6) may be attached to container (710) using adhesive, adhesive tape, hook-and loop fasteners, and / or fasteners, or any other suitable structure.

[0147] II. Examples of Combinations

[0148] The following examples relate to various non-exhaustive ways in which the teachings herein may be combined or applied. It should be understood that the following examples are not intended to restrict the coverage of any claims that may be presented at any time in this application or in subsequent filings of this application. No disclaimer is intended. The following examples are being provided for nothing more than merely illustrative purposes. It is contemplated that the various teachings herein may be arranged and applied in numerous other ways. It is also contemplated that some variations may omit certain features referred to in the below examples. Therefore, none of the aspects or features referred to below should be deemed critical unless otherwise explicitly indicated as such at a later date by the inventors or by a successor in interest to the inventors. If any claims are presented in this application or in subsequent filings0785616 related to this application that include additional features beyond those referred to below, those additional features shall not be presumed to have been added for any reason relating to patentability.

[0149] Example 1

[0150] A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to accommodate a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) of the container, wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature sensitive cargo; (b) a first temperature sensor (S1) positioned at a first location within the interior; (c) a second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at a second location within the interior, wherein the second location is separated a distance from the first location; and (d) a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system is in communication with the first and second temperature sensors, wherein the temperature control system includes first and second fans (F1, F2, R3, R4), the temperature control system being configured to: (i) receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor (S1) positioned at the first location within the interior, (ii) receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at the second location within the interior, (iii) determine whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the air to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the air to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan to alter air flow around the temperature sensitive cargo, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

[0151] Example 2

[0152] The container (110, 410, 510) of Example 1, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) further comprises a heater (190, 590) configured to provide the air as heated air, wherein the temperature control system is configured to in response to determining the first temperature value is less than the predetermined temperature0785616 range: (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the heated air to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the heated air to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan, wherein the first volume of heated air is greater than the second volume of heated air so that the increase in temperature at the first location is greater than the increase in temperature at the second location.

[0153] Example 3

[0154] The container (110, 410, 510) of Example 1, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) further comprises a cooling system (174, 574) configured to provide the air as cooled air, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) is configured to in response to determining the first temperature value is below the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the cooled air to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan (F1), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the cooled air to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2), wherein the first volume of cooled air is greater than the second volume of cooled air so that the decrease in temperature at the first location is greater than the decrease in temperature at the second location.

[0155] Example 4

[0156] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-3, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to direct the first fan (F1) to provide the first volume (V1) using a series of on and off pulses.

[0157] Example 5

[0158] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-4, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to direct the second fan (F2, R4) to provide the second volume (V2) using a series of on and off pulses.

[0159] Example 6

[0160] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-5, further comprising: (a) a third fan (F3, R5) that operates in parallel with the first fan (F1, R3) to direct the first volume (V1), and (b) a fourth fan (F4, R6) that operates in parallel with the second fan (F2, R4) to direct the second volume (V2).0785616

[0161] Example 7

[0162] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-6, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to increase a speed setting of the first fan (F1, R3) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

[0163] Example 8

[0164] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-7, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to decrease a speed setting of the second fan (F2, R4) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

[0165] Example 9

[0166] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-8, wherein in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to automatically adjust a flow rate of the first fan (F1, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

[0167] Example 10

[0168] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-9, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) being configured to: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior at a first flow rate using the first fan (F1, R3), and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container at a second flow rate using the second fan (F2, R4), wherein the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

[0169] Example 11

[0170] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-10, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) being configured to: (A) direct for a first amount of time the first volume to the first location within the interior using the first fan (F1, R3), and (B) direct for a second amount of time the second volume to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2, R4), wherein the first amount of time is greater than the second amount of time so that the0785616 change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

[0171] Example 12

[0172] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location within the interior, wherein the third location is separated both from the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan (F3, R5), the temperature control system being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location within the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining the first and third temperature value are outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan, (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan, and (C) direct a third volume (V3a) to the third location within the interior using at least the third fan (F3), wherein the first volume is greater than the third volume, which is greater than the second volume so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change at the third location, which is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

[0173] Example 13

[0174] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location within the interior, wherein the third location is separated both from the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan (F3, R5), the temperature control system being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location within the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior using at least the first and third fans (F1, F3, R3, R5), and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2, R4).0785616

[0175] Example 14

[0176] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location within the interior, wherein the third location is separated both from the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan, the temperature control system (116) being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor (S3) at the third location within the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan (F1, R3), while the third fan (F3, R5) is off, and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2).

[0177] Example 15

[0178] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-14, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to equally provide the air to the first and second locations prior to directing the first volume (V1) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location.

[0179] Example 16

[0180] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, wherein the temperature control system (116) is configured to provide a third volume of the air to the first location and a fourth volume (V4) of the air to the second location, wherein the fourth volume (V4) is greater than the third volume (V3), prior to directing the first volume (V1) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location.

[0181] Example 17

[0182] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-16, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to in response to directing the first volume (V1) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location, determine whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range.0785616

[0183] Example 18

[0184] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-17, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to maintain the interior at a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C.

[0185] Example 19

[0186] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-18, the temperature control system (116) further comprising an HVAC condenser- evaporator system (118) that includes refrigerant (188).

[0187] Example 20

[0188] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 19, wherein temperature control system (116) includes a fan (R1, R2) configured to be operated independent of the HVAC condenser-evaporator system (118).

[0189] Example 21

[0190] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-20, the temperature control system (116) further comprising: (i) an evaporator (176) that includes a plurality of evaporator coils (180), and (ii) a condenser (178) comprising: (A) a plurality of condenser coils (182), and (B) a condenser fan (184).

[0191] Example 22

[0192] The container (110, 410) of Example 21, wherein the condenser coils (182) and condenser fan (184) are separated from the evaporator coils (180) by an insulative wall (186).

[0193] Example 23

[0194] The container (510) of any one or more of Examples 1-22, the temperature control system (516) further comprising: (i) a container (578) configured to receive a sublimation material (580), and (ii) a sublimation thermal exchanger (576) configured to provide cooled air to the interior (514).

[0195] Example 24

[0196] The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of Examples 1-23, wherein at least one of the walls (144, 146, 148, 150) includes a vacuum insulated panel (166).0785616

[0197] Example 25

[0198] The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of Examples 1-23, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a first end wall (144, 644), (ii) a second end wall (146, 646) positioned opposite to the first end wall, wherein the second end wall includes at least one door (156, 656) configured to load and unload the temperature sensitive cargo, (iii) a first side wall (148, 648) positioned between the first and second end walls, and (iv) a second side wall (150, 650) positioned between the first and second end walls and opposite to the first side wall.

[0199] Example 26

[0200] The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of Example 25, wherein the first end wall (144, 644), the second end wall (146, 646), the first side wall (148, 648), and the second side wall (150, 650) each include at least one vacuum insulated panel (166).

[0201] Example 27

[0202] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-26, wherein at least one of the first end wall (744), the second end wall (746), the first side wall (748), or the second side wall (750) includes a removable container (584, 756) containing a phase change material.

[0203] Example 28

[0204] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-27, further comprising a recirculation fan (R1) positioned proximate to the door.

[0205] Example 29

[0206] The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of Examples 25-28, wherein the first and second fans (F1, F2, R3, R4) are positioned proximate to the first end wall (144) and away from the at least one door.

[0207] Example 30

[0208] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the first end wall (144), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a second portion of the first end wall (144).

[0209] Example 310785616

[0210] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the first side wall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the second side wall (150).

[0211] Example 32

[0212] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on the first side wall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on the second side wall (150).

[0213] Example 33

[0214] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a second portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0215] Example 34

[0216] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the first side wall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0217] Example 35

[0218] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the first side wall.

[0219] Example 36

[0220] The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 25-35, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a top wall (152, 452), and (ii) a bottom wall (154, 454) positioned opposite to the top wall, wherein the bottom wall is spaced from a floor (162, 462), wherein the bottom wall and the floor collectively define a return air flow channel (168, 468) configured to transport return air to the temperature control system (116).

[0221] Example 370785616

[0222] The container (110, 410) of Example 36, wherein the top wall (152, 452, 752) does not include a plenum to transport the air to the first and second locations.

[0223] Example 38

[0224] The container (110) of Example 36-37, further comprising a fan (FF) positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel (168) to pull return air into the return air flow channel.

[0225] Example 39

[0226] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 36-38, further comprising a fan (R2) positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel to provide localized airflow back to the interior.

[0227] Example 40

[0228] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 36-39, further comprising vents (170, 470) positioned in the floor (162, 462) in communication with the return air flow channel.

[0229] Example 41

[0230] The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 36-40, further comprising a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel (168, 468).

[0231] Example 42

[0232] The container (110) of Example 41, wherein the moisture absorbing material is contained within a moisture absorbing apparatus (202), wherein the moisture absorbing apparatus is removable from the container (110) using an access door (208).

[0233] Example 43

[0234] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-42, wherein the first fan (F1, R3) is an axial fan (230), a torsional fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

[0235] Example 44

[0236] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-43, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is an axial fan (230), a torsional fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).0785616

[0237] Example 45

[0238] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 43-44, wherein the tubular fan (232) includes a first axis (A1) and a second axis (A2) that is perpendicular to the first axis, wherein the tubular fan (232) extends vertically along the first axis.

[0239] Example 46

[0240] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-45, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is selectively adjustable to direct at least a portion of the first volume to the first location.

[0241] Example 47

[0242] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-46, wherein the temperature control system is configured to alter the flow rate of the first fan (F1, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

[0243] Example 48

[0244] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-47, wherein the temperature control system includes a louver (224) movable between at least first and second positions, wherein the louver is configured to influence the first and second volumes (V1, V2) of the air to the first and second locations.

[0245] Example 49

[0246] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-48, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a first side wall (148), and (ii) a second side wall (150) positioned opposite to the first side wall, wherein the louver (224) in the first position is configured to direct a greater volume to the first side wall (148) than to the second side wall (150).

[0247] Example 50

[0248] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-49, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a controller (136, configured to provide grouped control of the first and second fans.

[0249] Example 510785616

[0250] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-50, wherein the second fan is positioned vertically above the first fan.

[0251] Example 52

[0252] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-51, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is positioned horizontally adjacent to the first fan (F1, R3).

[0253] Example 53

[0254] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-52, wherein the interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) is configured to receive at least one pallet (158) of goods.

[0255] Example 54

[0256] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-53, wherein the container is sized as a unit load device.

[0257] Example 55

[0258] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-54, wherein the container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) is sized and configured to be placed into an interior of an aircraft.

[0259] Example 56

[0260] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-55, wherein the temperature control system includes at least one of evaporator coils (180) or condenser coils (182), wherein at least one of the evaporator coils (180) or the condenser coils (182) include micro-fins (183) to increase surface area to increase thermal exchange.

[0261] Example 57

[0262] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-56, wherein the first and second fans (F1, F2) are positioned in a fan shroud (142, 542), wherein the fan shroud includes at least one trapezoidal shaped recess (214) to direct the first and second volumes (V1, V2).

[0263] Example 580785616

[0264] The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 1-57, further comprising a fan shroud (142, 542) that includes a first arcuate diverter (216), wherein the first arcuate diverter is configured to aid the first fan to direct the first volume of the air to the first location within the interior (114, 414, 514).

[0265] Example 59

[0266] The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 1-58, wherein the fan shroud (142, 542) includes a second arcuate diverter (216), wherein the second arcuate diverter is configured to aid the second fan to direct the second volume of the air to the second location within the interior (114, 414, 514).

[0267] Example 60

[0268] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-59, further a static pressure well (220) configured to increase static air flow within the interior.

[0269] Example 61

[0270] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-60, further comprising a means for extracting moisture (204) and a means for storing (206) the removed moisture within the container.

[0271] Example 62

[0272] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-61, further comprising a moisture absorbing apparatus (202) configured to remove moisture from the air.

[0273] Example 63

[0274] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-62, further comprising an access door (208) configured to allow for removal of the moisture absorbing apparatus (202) from the container (110). .

[0275] Example 64

[0276] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-63, further comprising at least one lead-acid battery, NiMH battery, or lithium battery (124, 688) configured to provide power to the temperature control system.

[0277] Example 650785616

[0278] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-64, further comprising a controller (136) and a sensor (132, 134).

[0279] Example 66

[0280] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 65, wherein the sensor (132, 134) is a global positioning sensor, an accelerometer, a light detector, a pressure sensor, or a hygrometer.

[0281] Example 67

[0282] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-66, the temperature control system (116) further comprising a user interface (138) configured to display at least one of system status, operations, set point controls, power display, operational inputs.

[0283] Example 68

[0284] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 67, wherein the user interface (138) is configured to be accessed wirelessly.

[0285] Example 69

[0286] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-68, wherein the first fan (F1) is configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow to the first location within the interior of the container.

[0287] Example 70

[0288] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-69, wherein the second fan (F2) is configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow within the interior of the container.

[0289] Example 71

[0290] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-70, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to increase performance and efficiency of the container.

[0291] Example 72

[0292] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-70, wherein the air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.0785616

[0293] Example 73

[0294] A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to accommodate a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) defining an interior of the container, wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature sensitive cargo; (b) a first temperature sensor (S1) positioned at a first location within the interior; (c) a second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at a second location within the interior, wherein the second location is separated a distance from the first location; and (d) a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide conditioned air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system is in communication with the first and second temperature sensors, wherein the temperature control system includes a first fan, the temperature control system being configured to: (i) receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor positioned at the first location within the interior, (ii) receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor positioned at the second location within the interior, (iii) determine whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, direct the first fan to provide a first volume of conditioned air to the first location within the interior using a series of on and off pulses.

[0295] Example 74

[0296] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-73, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) further comprises a second fan is configured to provide a second volume of air to the first location within the interior.

[0297] Example 75

[0298] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-74, wherein the first fan (R3A) is configured to provide air a first direction (694) in a first configuration and provide air in a second direction (696) in a second configuration, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction.

[0299] Example 760785616

[0300] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-75, wherein the first fan (R3) is attached to the container (710) using at least one of an adhesive, adhesive tape, hook-and loop fasteners, or fasteners.

[0301] Example 77

[0302] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-76, wherein the plurality of walls include a first end wall (744), a first side wall (748), and a bottom wall (754), wherein the bottom wall includes a groove (764) configured to receive at least one of the first end wall (744) or the first side wall (748).

[0303] Example 78

[0304] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-77, wherein the first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) is a tubular fan that receives the air at a first terminal end (697) and exhausts the air at a second terminal end (699), wherein the first terminal end is opposite the second terminal end.

[0305] Example 79

[0306] The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-78, wherein the first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) directs the first volume (V1) in the first direction, wherein the second fan (R3, R3a, R3b) directs the second volume (V2) in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

[0307] Example 80

[0308] A method for maintaining a container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) within a predetermined temperature range, the method comprising: (a) sensing a first temperature value at a first location within an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) of the container using a first temperature sensor (S1); (b) sensing a second temperature value at a second location within the interior of the container using a second temperature sensor (S2); (c) determining whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range; and (d) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (i) directing a first volume of air to the first location within the interior using at least a first fan (F1, R3), and (ii) directing a second volume of the air to the second location within the interior of the container using a second fan (F2, R4) to alter the flow around a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), wherein the first volume of air is0785616 greater than the second volume of air so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

[0309] Example 81

[0310] A cargo container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls defining an interior; and (b) an active electric temperature control system configured to maintain the interior at a temperature range of about -20C to about 25C.

[0311] Example 82

[0312] The container of Example 81, wherein the cavity is configured to receive at least one pallet sized load of goods.

[0313] Example 83

[0314] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-82, wherein the cargo container is sized and configured to be placed into an interior of an aircraft.

[0315] Example 84

[0316] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-83, wherein the cavity is in the form of a unit load device.

[0317] Example 85

[0318] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-84, the temperature control system further comprising an HVAC compressor-evaporator system that includes refrigerant.

[0319] Example 86

[0320] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-88, wherein the active electric temperature control system includes a fan configured to be operated independent of the HVAC compressor-evaporator system.

[0321] Example 87

[0322] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-85, wherein the active electric temperature control system includes at least one of an evaporator or condenser coils, wherein at least one of the evaporator or the condenser includes micro-fins to increase surface area to increase thermal exchange.

[0323] Example 880785616

[0324] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-86, further comprising at least one of an arcuate fan shroud, high efficiency fans, and optimized static pressure wells configured to increase static air flow within the interior.

[0325] Example 89

[0326] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-87, wherein the active electric temperature control system includes a first fan configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow to a first location within the interior of the container.

[0327] Example 90

[0328] The container of any one or more of Example 89, wherein the active electric temperature control system includes a second fan configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow within the interior of the container.

[0329] Example 91

[0330] The container of any one or more of Example 90, further comprising a controller configured to provide grouped or individual control of the first and second fans.

[0331] Example 92

[0332] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-91, wherein the active electric temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct a first volume of air to a first location within the interior of the container using a first fan, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to the second location within the interior of the container using a second fan, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0333] Example 93

[0334] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-92, wherein the active electric temperature control system is configured to alter the flow rate of the first fan relative to the second fan.

[0335] Example 94

[0336] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-93, wherein the active electric temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct air to a first location within the interior of the container for a first period of time, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to a second location within the interior of the container for a second period of time, wherein the first period of time is greater than the second period of time.0785616

[0337] Example 95

[0338] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-94, further comprising ducted floor vents.

[0339] Example 96

[0340] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-95, further comprising a means of moisture extraction and on-board storage.

[0341] Example 97

[0342] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-96, further comprising at least one lead-acid, NiMH, or lithium battery.

[0343] Example 98

[0344] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-97, further comprising return air flow ducts and a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially within the return air flow ducts.

[0345] Example 99

[0346] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-98, further comprising a moisture removing means that includes a collection and on-board storage in a water tank.

[0347] Example 100

[0348] The container of any one or more of Examples 81-99, wherein the container is configured to increase performance and efficiency of the temperature control system.

[0349] Example 101

[0350] A cargo container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls defining an interior; and (b) a semi-passive temperature control system configured to maintain a temperature range of about -20C to about 25C with the use of dry-ice sublimation.

[0351] Example 102

[0352] The container of Example 101, wherein the cavity is configured to receive at least one pallet sized load of goods.

[0353] Example 1030785616

[0354] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-102, wherein the cargo container is sized and configured to be placed into an interior of an aircraft.

[0355] Example 104

[0356] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-103, wherein the cavity is in the form of a unit load device.

[0357] Example 105

[0358] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-104, further comprising at least one of an arcuate fan shroud, high efficiency fans, and optimized static pressure wells configured to increase static air flow within the interior.

[0359] Example 106

[0360] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-105, wherein the temperature control system includes a first fan configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow to a first location within the interior of the container.

[0361] Example 107

[0362] The container of any one or more of Example 106, wherein the temperature control system includes a second fan configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow within the interior of the container.

[0363] Example 108

[0364] The container of any one or more of Example 107, further comprising a controller configured to provide grouped or individual control of the first and second fans.

[0365] Example 109

[0366] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-108, wherein the temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct a first volume of air to a first location within the interior of the container using a first fan, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to the second location within the interior of the container using a second fan, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0367] Example 1100785616

[0368] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-109, wherein the active electric temperature control system is configured to alter the flow rate of the first fan relative to the second fan.

[0369] Example 111

[0370] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-110, wherein the temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct air to a first location within the interior of the container for a first period of time, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to a second location within the interior of the container for a second period of time, wherein the first period of time is greater than the second period of time.

[0371] Example 112

[0372] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-111, further comprising ducted floor vents.

[0373] Example 113

[0374] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-112, further comprising a means of moisture extraction and on-board storage.

[0375] Example 114

[0376] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-113, further comprising at least one lead-acid, NiMH, or lithium battery.

[0377] Example 115

[0378] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-114, further comprising return air flow ducts and a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially within the return air flow ducts.

[0379] Example 116

[0380] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-115, further comprising a moisture removing means that includes a collection and on-board storage in a water tank.

[0381] Example 117

[0382] The container of any one or more of Examples 101-116, wherein the container is configured to increase performance and efficiency of the temperature control system.0785616

[0383] Example 118

[0384] A cargo container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls defining an interior; and (b) a temperature control system configured to maintain a temperature range of about - 20C to about 25C, the temperature control system comprising: (i) a controller, (ii) at least one sensor configured sense a temperature, and (iii) at least one fan configured to direct air to a select portion of the interior in response to the temperature sensed by the sensor.

[0385] Example 119

[0386] A method of uniformly cooling a container, the method comprising: (a) sensing a first temperature at a first location of an interior of the container using a first sensor; (b) sensing a second temperature at a second location of the interior of the container using a second sensor; (c) determining the first temperature is greater than the second temperature; and (d) cooling the first location greater than the second location.

[0387] Example 120

[0388] The method of Example 119, wherein the cargo container is sized and configured to be placed into an interior of an aircraft.

[0389] Example 121

[0390] The method of any one or more of Examples 119-120, the act of cooling further comprising: (a) directing a first volume of air to the first location; and (b) directing a second volume of air to the second location, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0391] Example 122

[0392] The method of Example 121, further comprising directing a third volume of air to a third location of the interior, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air which is greater than the third volume of air.

[0393] Example 123

[0394] The method of any one or more of Examples 119-122, the act of cooling further comprising: (a) providing a first flow rate of air through the first fan, and (b) providing a second flow rate of air through the second fan.

[0395] Example 1240785616

[0396] The method of any one or more of Examples 119-123, wherein the act of cooling is performed using HVAC unit.

[0397] Example 125

[0398] The method of any one or more of Examples 119-124, wherein the act of cooling is performed using sublimation.

[0399] Example 126

[0400] The method of any one or more of Examples 119-125, wherein the act of cooling is performed using a fan.

[0401] Example 127

[0402] A method of uniformly heating a container, the method comprising: (a) sensing a first temperature at a first location of an interior of the container using a first sensor; (b) sensing a second temperature at a second location of the interior of the container using a second sensor; (c) determining the first temperature is less than the second temperature; and (d) heating the first location greater than the second location.

[0403] Example 128

[0404] The method of Example 127, the act of heating further comprising: (a) directing a first volume of air to the first location; and (b) directing a second volume of air to the second location, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0405] III. Miscellaneous

[0406] It should be understood that any one or more of the teachings, expressions, versions, examples, etc. described herein may be combined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions, versions, examples, etc. that are described herein. The above-described teachings, expressions, versions, examples, etc. should therefore not be viewed in isolation relative to each other. Various suitable ways in which the teachings herein may be combined will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

[0407] It should be appreciated that any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict0785616 with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in this disclosure. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

[0408] Having shown and described various versions of the present invention, further adaptations of the methods and systems described herein may be accomplished by appropriate modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Several of such potential modifications have been mentioned, and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For instance, the examples, versions, geometrics, materials, dimensions, ratios, steps, and the like discussed above are illustrative and are not required. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be considered in terms of the following claims and is understood not to be limited to the details of structure and operation shown and described in the specification and drawings.

Claims

0785616 I / We Claim:

1. A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to accommodate a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) of the container, wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature sensitive cargo; (b) a first temperature sensor (S1) positioned at a first location within the interior; (c) a second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at a second location within the interior, wherein the second location is separated a distance from the first location; and (d) a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system is in communication with the first and second temperature sensors, wherein the temperature control system includes first and second fans (F1, F2, R3, R4), the temperature control system being configured to: (i) receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor (S1) positioned at the first location within the interior, (ii) receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at the second location within the interior, (iii) determine whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the air to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the air to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan to alter air flow around the temperature sensitive cargo, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume so that the change in temperature at0785616 the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

2. The container (110, 410, 510) of claim 1, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) further comprises a heater (190, 590) configured to provide the air as heated air, wherein the temperature control system is configured to in response to determining the first temperature value is less than the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the heated air to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the heated air to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan, wherein the first volume of heated air is greater than the second volume of heated air so that the increase in temperature at the first location is greater than the increase in temperature at the second location.

3. The container (110, 410, 510) of claim 1, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) further comprises a cooling system (174, 574) configured to provide the air as cooled air, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) is configured to in response to determining the first temperature value is below the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (V1) of the cooled air to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan (F1), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of the cooled air to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2), wherein the first volume of cooled air is greater than the second volume of cooled air so that the decrease in temperature at the first location is greater than the decrease in temperature at the second location.

4. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-3, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to direct the first fan (F1) to provide the first volume (V1) using a series of on and off pulses.

5. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-4, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to direct the second fan (F2, R4) to provide the second volume (V2) using a series of on and off pulses.0785616 6. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-5, further comprising: (a) a third fan (F3, R5) that operates in parallel with the first fan (F1, R3) to direct the first volume (V1), and (b) a fourth fan (F4, R6) that operates in parallel with the second fan (F2, R4) to direct the second volume (V2).

7. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-6, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to increase a speed setting of the first fan (F1, R3) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

8. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-7, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to decrease a speed setting of the second fan (F2, R4) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

9. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-8, wherein in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to automatically adjust a flow rate of the first fan (F1, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

10. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-9, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) being configured to: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior at a first flow rate using the first fan (F1, R3), and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container at a second flow rate using the second fan (F2, R4), wherein the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.0785616 11. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-10, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) being configured to: (A) direct for a first amount of time the first volume to the first location within the interior using the first fan (F1, R3), and (B) direct for a second amount of time the second volume to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2, R4), wherein the first amount of time is greater than the second amount of time so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

12. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location within the interior, wherein the third location is separated both from the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan (F3, R5), the temperature control system being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location within the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining the first and third temperature value are outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan, (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan, and (C) direct a third volume (V3a) to the third location within the interior using at least the third fan (F3), wherein the first volume is greater than the third volume, which is greater than the second volume so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change at the third location, which is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

13. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location within the0785616 interior, wherein the third location is separated both from the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan (F3, R5), the temperature control system being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location within the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior using at least the first and third fans (F1, F3, R3, R5), and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2, R4).

14. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location within the interior, wherein the third location is separated both from the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan, the temperature control system (116) being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor (S3) at the third location within the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one the first, second, or third temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (V1) to the first location within the interior using at least the first fan (F1, R3), while the third fan (F3, R5) is off, and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location within the interior of the container using the second fan (F2).

15. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-14, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to equally provide0785616 the air to the first and second locations prior to directing the first volume (V1) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location.

16. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-11, wherein the temperature control system (116) is configured to provide a third volume of the air to the first location and a fourth volume (V4) of the air to the second location, wherein the fourth volume (V4) is greater than the third volume (V3), prior to directing the first volume (V1) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location.

17. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-16, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to in response to directing the first volume (V1) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location, determine whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range.

18. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-17, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to maintain the interior at a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C.

19. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-18, the temperature control system (116) further comprising an HVAC condenser-evaporator system (118) that includes refrigerant (188).

20. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of claim 19, wherein temperature control system (116) includes a fan (R1, R2) configured to be operated independent of the HVAC condenser-evaporator system (118).

21. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-20, the temperature control system (116) further comprising: (i) an evaporator (176) that includes a plurality of evaporator coils (180), and (ii) a condenser (178) comprising: (A) a plurality of condenser coils (182), and (B) a condenser fan (184).0785616 22. The container (110, 410) of claim 21, wherein the condenser coils (182) and condenser fan (184) are separated from the evaporator coils (180) by an insulative wall (186).

23. The container (510) of any one or more of claims 1-22, the temperature control system (516) further comprising: (i) a container (578) configured to receive a sublimation material (580), and (ii) a sublimation thermal exchanger (576) configured to provide cooled air to the interior (514).

24. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of claims 1-23, wherein at least one of the walls (144, 146, 148, 150) includes a vacuum insulated panel (166).

25. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of claims 1-23, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a first end wall (144, 644), (ii) a second end wall (146, 646) positioned opposite to the first end wall, wherein the second end wall includes at least one door (156, 656) configured to load and unload the temperature sensitive cargo, (iii) a first side wall (148, 648) positioned between the first and second end walls, and (iv) a second side wall (150, 650) positioned between the first and second end walls and opposite to the first side wall.

26. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of claim 25, wherein the first end wall (144, 644), the second end wall (146, 646), the first side wall (148, 648), and the second side wall (150, 650) each include at least one vacuum insulated panel (166).

27. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-26, wherein at least one of the first end wall (744), the second end wall (746), the first side wall (748), or the second side wall (750) includes a removable container (584, 756) containing a phase change material.0785616 28. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-27, further comprising a recirculation fan (R1) positioned proximate to the door.

29. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of claims 25-28, wherein the first and second fans (F1, F2, R3, R4) are positioned proximate to the first end wall (144) and away from the at least one door.

30. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the first end wall (144), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a second portion of the first end wall (144).

31. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the first side wall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the second side wall (150).

32. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on the first side wall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on the second side wall (150).

33. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a second portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

34. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the first side wall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

35. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned in proximity to the first side wall.0785616 36. The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of claims 25-35, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a top wall (152, 452), and (ii) a bottom wall (154, 454) positioned opposite to the top wall, wherein the bottom wall is spaced from a floor (162, 462), wherein the bottom wall and the floor collectively define a return air flow channel (168, 468) configured to transport return air to the temperature control system (116).

37. The container (110, 410) of claim 36, wherein the top wall (152, 452, 752) does not include a plenum to transport the air to the first and second locations.

38. The container (110) of claim 36-37, further comprising a fan (FF) positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel (168) to pull return air into the return air flow channel.

39. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of claim 36-38, further comprising a fan (R2) positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel to provide localized airflow back to the interior.

40. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 36-39, further comprising vents (170, 470) positioned in the floor (162, 462) in communication with the return air flow channel.

41. The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of claims 36-40, further comprising a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel (168, 468).

42. The container (110) of claim 41, wherein the moisture absorbing material is contained within a moisture absorbing apparatus (202), wherein the moisture absorbing apparatus is removable from the container (110) using an access door (208).0785616 43. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-42, wherein the first fan (F1, R3) is an axial fan (230), a torsional fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

44. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-43, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is an axial fan (230), a torsional fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

45. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 43-44, wherein the tubular fan (232) includes a first axis (A1) and a second axis (A2) that is perpendicular to the first axis, wherein the tubular fan (232) extends vertically along the first axis.

46. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-45, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is selectively adjustable to direct at least a portion of the first volume to the first location.

47. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-46, wherein the temperature control system is configured to alter the flow rate of the first fan (F1, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

48. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-47, wherein the temperature control system includes a louver (224) movable between at least first and second positions, wherein the louver is configured to influence the first and second volumes (V1, V2) of the air to the first and second locations.

49. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-48, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a first side wall (148), and (ii) a second side wall (150) positioned opposite to the first side wall, wherein the louver (224) in the first position is configured to direct a greater volume to the first side wall (148) than to the second side wall (150).0785616 50. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-49, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a controller (136, configured to provide grouped control of the first and second fans.

51. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-50, wherein the second fan is positioned vertically above the first fan.

52. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-51, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is positioned horizontally adjacent to the first fan (F1, R3).

53. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-52, wherein the interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) is configured to receive at least one pallet (158) of goods.

54. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-53, wherein the container is sized as a unit load device.

55. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-54, wherein the container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) is sized and configured to be placed into an interior of an aircraft.

56. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-55, wherein the temperature control system includes at least one of evaporator coils (180) or condenser coils (182), wherein at least one of the evaporator coils (180) or the condenser coils (182) include micro-fins (183) to increase surface area to increase thermal exchange.

57. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-56, wherein the first and second fans (F1, F2) are positioned in a fan shroud (142, 542), wherein the fan shroud includes at least one trapezoidal shaped recess (214) to direct the first and second volumes (V1, V2).

58. The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of claims 1-57, further comprising a fan shroud (142, 542) that includes a first arcuate diverter (216), wherein the first0785616 arcuate diverter is configured to aid the first fan to direct the first volume of the air to the first location within the interior (114, 414, 514).

59. The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of claims 1-58, wherein the fan shroud (142, 542) includes a second arcuate diverter (216), wherein the second arcuate diverter is configured to aid the second fan to direct the second volume of the air to the second location within the interior (114, 414, 514).

60. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-59, further a static pressure well (220) configured to increase static air flow within the interior.

61. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-60, further comprising a means for extracting moisture (204) and a means for storing (206) the removed moisture within the container.

62. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-61, further comprising a moisture absorbing apparatus (202) configured to remove moisture from the air.

63. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-62, further comprising an access door (208) configured to allow for removal of the moisture absorbing apparatus (202) from the container (110). .

64. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-63, further comprising at least one lead-acid battery, NiMH battery, or lithium battery (124, 688) configured to provide power to the temperature control system.

65. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-64, further comprising a controller (136) and a sensor (132, 134).

66. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of claim 65, wherein the sensor (132, 134) is a global positioning sensor, an accelerometer, a light detector, a pressure sensor, or a hygrometer.0785616 67. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-66, the temperature control system (116) further comprising a user interface (138) configured to display at least one of system status, operations, set point controls, power display, operational inputs.

68. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of claim 67, wherein the user interface (138) is configured to be accessed wirelessly.

69. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-68, wherein the first fan (F1) is configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow to the first location within the interior of the container.

70. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-69, wherein the second fan (F2) is configured to provide dynamic contoured air flow within the interior of the container.

71. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-70, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to increase performance and efficiency of the container.

72. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-70, wherein the air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

73. A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to accommodate a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) defining an interior of the container, wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature sensitive cargo; (b) a first temperature sensor (S1) positioned at a first location within the interior;0785616 (c) a second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at a second location within the interior, wherein the second location is separated a distance from the first location; and (d) a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide conditioned air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system is in communication with the first and second temperature sensors, wherein the temperature control system includes a first fan, the temperature control system being configured to: (i) receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor positioned at the first location within the interior, (ii) receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor positioned at the second location within the interior, (iii) determine whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, direct the first fan to provide a first volume of conditioned air to the first location within the interior using a series of on and off pulses.

74. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-73, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) further comprises a second fan is configured to provide a second volume of air to the first location within the interior.

75. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-74, wherein the first fan (R3A) is configured to provide air a first direction (694) in a first configuration and provide air in a second direction (696) in a second configuration, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction.

76. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-75, wherein the first fan (R3) is attached to the container (710) using at least one of an adhesive, adhesive tape, hook-and loop fasteners, or fasteners.

77. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-76, wherein the plurality of walls include a first end wall (744), a first side wall (748), and a bottom0785616 wall (754), wherein the bottom wall includes a groove (764) configured to receive at least one of the first end wall (744) or the first side wall (748).

78. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-77, wherein the first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) is a tubular fan that receives the air at a first terminal end (697) and exhausts the air at a second terminal end (699), wherein the first terminal end is opposite the second terminal end.

79. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of claims 1-78, wherein the first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) directs the first volume (V1) in the first direction, wherein the second fan (R3, R3a, R3b) directs the second volume (V2) in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

80. A method for maintaining a container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) within a predetermined temperature range, the method comprising: (a) sensing a first temperature value at a first location within an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) of the container using a first temperature sensor (S1); (b) sensing a second temperature value at a second location within the interior of the container using a second temperature sensor (S2); (c) determining whether at least one the first or second temperature values is outside of the predetermined temperature range; and (d) in response to determining the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (i) directing a first volume of air to the first location within the interior using at least a first fan (F1, R3), and (ii) directing a second volume of the air to the second location within the interior of the container using a second fan (F2, R4) to alter the flow around a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air so that the change in temperature at the first location is greater than the change in temperature at the second location.

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