Ion-electron destruction device for processing waste

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] ION-ELECTRON DESTRUCTION DEVICE FOR

[0003] WASTE RECYCLING

[0004] The invention relates to devices for recycling waste in a solid and / or liquid state, in particular to devices for recycling using the ion-electron destruction method.

[0005] A waste processing reactor is known according to Russian patent No. 2786209 (published on 19.12.2022), in which the reactor is in the form of a closed cavity made with an inlet connected to a waste feed device and with an outlet for removing gaseous destruction products, while the internal surfaces of the cavity are partially or completely made conductive, and an electrode insulated from them is introduced into the reactor, connected to a source of high-voltage voltage pulses, and the size of the gap between the electrode and the conductive surfaces of the cavity ensures the formation of corona discharge streamers.

[0006] The disadvantage of the reactor is that the corona discharge streamers are formed in a limited area around the electrode, which makes waste processing at a distance from the electrode difficult, and also that a high-voltage pulse source must be used to operate the reactor.

[0007] The technical result that the invention is aimed at achieving is the expansion of the arsenal of devices for waste processing, characterized by an increased zone of formation of corona discharge streamers, as well as the absence of the need to use a source of high-voltage pulses.

[0008] The technical result is achieved in a device for ion-electronic destruction of waste, containing a waste feed unit, a source of electrically charged particles of matter, an exhaust air fan, an outlet pipe and a reactor, which is made in the form of a closed cavity with an inlet opening connected to the waste feed unit, with an outlet opening for removing gaseous destruction products connected to the outlet pipe, as well as with an additional inlet opening to which the outlet of the source of electrically charged particles of matter is connected.

[0009] It is preferable to design the reactor with an additional outlet to which the input of a source of electrically charged particles of matter is connected.

[0010] It is preferable to implement the source of charged particles of matter triboelectrically.

[0011] In one of the design options, the outlet pipe is made with an expansion tank designed to cool and condense the steam-gas destruction products leaving the reactor. In one of the design options, the outlet pipe is made with an electrostatic filter.

[0012] In one embodiment, the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity are partially or completely conductive.

[0013] In one embodiment, the inner surface of the reactor cavity is made with a cooling circuit designed to condense the steam-gas products of destruction.

[0014] In one embodiment, the cooling circuit of the inner surface of the reactor cavity is made of water.

[0015] It is preferable to implement the cooling circuit of the inner surface of the reactor cavity with a metal surface facing the inside of the reactor.

[0016] It is preferable to make the conductive sections of the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity from steel or another metal.

[0017] In one embodiment, the internal non-conductive surfaces of the reactor cavity are provided with a protective dielectric coating.

[0018] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor cavity is made flat and conductive.

[0019] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor cavity is covered with conductive water or a water-containing liquid.

[0020] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor cavity is provided with a bath or baths for collecting condensed destruction products.

[0021] In one embodiment, the bath or baths at the bottom of the reactor cavity are filled with water or a water-containing liquid.

[0022] It is preferable to design the reactor with limited air flow.

[0023] In one embodiment, the air supply is limited by a wad that blocks the entrance to the reactor, pre-formed by pressing the waste before feeding it into the reactor.

[0024] It is preferable to design the reactor with the pressure inside it reduced by 0.1 - 1 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

[0025] In one embodiment, the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by connecting an electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan to the outlet.

[0026] It is preferable to implement a device for ion-electron destruction of waste with a pipeline that ensures the removal of condensed destruction products from the bath or baths at the bottom of the reactor cavity.

[0027] It is preferable to implement a device for ion-electronic destruction of waste with a pipeline that ensures the removal of condensed destruction products from the expansion tank.

[0028] The invention is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a vertical cross-section of an ion-electron waste destruction device, where 1 is a reactor body with an internal cavity, 2 is a reactor inlet, 3 is a reactor outlet, 4 is an internal surface of the reactor cavity, 5 is a conductive surface of the water cooling circuit, 6 is an additional inlet, 7 is a triboelectric source of charged particles of matter, 8 is the reactor bottom, 9 is a unit for feeding recycled waste, 10 is an electrostatic filter, 11 is an exhaust air fan, 12 is an additional outlet for feeding particles of matter discharged in the reactor into a source 7 of electrically charged particles of matter, 13 is an outlet pipe, 14 is a bath at the bottom of the reactor, 15 is an expansion tank, 16 is a water cooling circuit, 17 is a pipeline for removing condensed destruction products from a bath at the bottom of the reactor,18 - pipeline for removing condensed destruction products from the expansion tank, 19 - water, 20 - gaseous waste destruction products, 21 - destruction products condensed in the reactor, 22 - destruction products condensed in the expansion tank, 23 - air flows with charged particles of the substance, 24 - air flows with uncharged particles of the substance, 25 - exhaust air fan of the triboelectric source of charged particles.

[0029] The invention can be implemented in a device for ion-electron destruction of waste, in the reactor body 1 of which an inlet opening 2 is made, connected to a device 9 for feeding processed solid and / or liquid waste, designed with the possibility of limiting the flow of air into the reactor 1, and an outlet opening 3 for removing gaseous destruction products from the reactor 1, to which the inlet of an electrostatic filter 10 is connected. An expansion tank 17 is connected to the outlet of the electrostatic filter 10, connected to an exhaust air fan 11 directing gaseous destruction products 22 into an outlet pipe 13 connected to it. In this case, the outlet of a triboelectric source of charged particles of matter 7 is connected to an additional inlet opening 6 in the cavity of the reactor body 1, and the inlet of a source of charged particles of matter 7 is connected to an additional outlet opening 12 in the cavity of the reactor body 1.Surfaces 5 of water cooling circuit 18, on which condensation of destruction products occurs, are made of steel. Bottom 8 of reactor 1 is made with bath 14 and filled with water 21. Pipeline 19 is intended for removing condensed destruction products from bath 14 on bottom 8 of reactor 1, and pipeline 20 is intended for removing condensed destruction products from expansion tank 17.

[0030] The device operates as follows. For example, a portion of compressed solid municipal waste is fed into the device through the inlet 2 from the device for feeding recycled waste 9, with the passage of atmospheric air inside the housing 1 being restricted. At the same time, charged particles of matter from the source of charged particles of matter 7 are fed into the cavity of the reactor housing 1 through the additional inlet 6, and, as is known from the source [1], the charged particles begin to generate corona discharge streamers, which begin to multiply and spread in different directions from the particles, gradually filling the entire volume of the cavity of the reactor housing 1. The electrons of the corona discharge streamers act on the water contained in the incoming waste, causing the formation of free radicals during the destruction of the water molecule FLO ■^OH* + H*.In addition, other active substances O3, ()2(ai A), H2O2, OH, O(zP), NO, HNO2 and HNO3 are formed in the reactor under the influence of corona pulse discharge streamers. The corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The indicated active substances and UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the processed waste, leading to their destruction with the formation of harmless gaseous reaction products - water and carbon dioxide. Inorganic components of waste are destroyed by acids HNO2 and HNO3, which are formed in the reactor under the influence of the corona discharge. The process of oxidation of organic substances in water is a chain reaction [2]. Initiation of a chain reaction at a low speed can be carried out by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. At a high speed, the chain reaction is initiated by OH* radicals.That is, in the device, ion-electronic destruction of both organic and inorganic substances present in the waste is carried out, and on the metal surfaces 5 of the water cooling circuit 18, the water temperature in which is maintained lower than the temperature in the reactor 1, and as a result, condensation of vapors of various destruction products 21 occurs, which flow down the surface 5 to the bottom of the bath 14 of the reactor 1, and are then removed through the pipeline 17. After this, the vapor-gas destruction products enter the outlet opening 3 of the reactor 1 and, after cleaning in the electrostatic filter 10, are then directed to the expansion tank 15, where, during adiabatic expansion, cooling and condensation of vapors of various destruction products occurs, which accumulate at the bottom and are then removed through the pipeline 18.At the same time, the particles of the substance, discharged as a result of, for example, interaction with each other or with the steel surfaces 5 of the water cooling circuit 16, are drawn in, with the help of the exhaust air fan 25, into the additional outlet opening 12 for feeding the particles of the substance, discharged as a result of the processes of initiation of destruction, into the source 7 of electrically charged particles of the substance for their recharging. After this, the newly charged particles, through the additional inlet opening 6, again enter the cavity of the reactor body 1 and form streamers. The destruction process is repeated until the waste fed to the device is completely destroyed. In this way, the declared technical result is achieved in the device in the form of ion-electron destruction of both organic and inorganic substances present in the composition of household waste.

[0031] [1]. Sinkevich A.A., Dovgalyuk Yu.A. Corona discharge in the clouds. / / News of universities. Radiophysics. 2013. T.56, No. 11-12. pp. 908-919.

[0032] [2]. Piskarev I.M. Oxidation-reduction processes in water initiated by an electric discharge above its surface. / / Journal of General Chemistry. 2001. Vol. 71. Issue. 10. P. 1622.

Claims

CLAUSE OF INVENTION ION-ELECTRON DESTRUCTION DEVICE FOR WASTE RECYCLING 1. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste, comprising a waste feed unit, an exhaust air fan, an outlet pipe and a reactor, which is made in the form of a closed cavity, with an inlet opening connected to the waste feed unit, with an outlet opening for removing gaseous destruction products, connected to the outlet pipe, characterized in that it contains a source of electrically charged particles of matter, and the reactor is also made with an additional inlet opening, to which the outlet of the source of electrically charged particles of matter is connected, ensuring the formation of corona discharge plasma streamers inside the reactor.

2. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the reactor is also made with an additional outlet opening, to which the input of a source of electrically charged particles of matter is connected.

3. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraphs 1-2, characterized in that the source of electrically charged particles of the substance is triboelectric.

4. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe is made with an expansion tank that provides cooling and condensation of the steam-gas destruction products leaving the reactor.

5. A device for ion-electronic destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe is made with an electrostatic filter.

6. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity are partially or completely made conductive.

7. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the reactor cavity is made with a cooling circuit that ensures condensation of steam-gas destruction products.

8. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 7, characterized in that the cooling circuit of the inner surface of the reactor cavity is made of water.

9. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraphs 7-8, characterized in that the cooling circuit of the inner surface of the reactor cavity is made with a metal surface facing the inside of the reactor.

10. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 6, characterized in that the conductive sections of the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity are made of steel or another metal. 6 I. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1.6, characterized in that the internal non-conductive surfaces of the reactor cavity are made with a protective coating of a dielectric.

12. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the bottom of the reactor cavity is made flat and conductive.

13. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the bottom of the reactor cavity is covered with water or a conductive water-containing liquid.

14. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraphs 1, 12, 13, characterized in that the bottom of the reactor cavity is made with a bath or baths for collecting condensed destruction products.

15. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 14, characterized in that the bath or baths at the bottom of the reactor cavity are filled with water or a conductive water-containing liquid.

16. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the reactor is designed with a limited air supply.

17. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 16, characterized in that the restriction of air flow is ensured by a wad blocking the entrance to the reactor, previously formed by pressing the waste before feeding it into the reactor.

18. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the reactor is designed with a pressure inside it reduced by 0.1 - 1 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

19. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraph 18, characterized in that the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by connecting an electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan to the outlet.

20. A device for ion-electron destruction of waste according to paragraphs 14, 15, characterized in that it is made with a pipeline that ensures the removal of condensed destruction products from the bath or baths at the bottom of the reactor cavity.

21. A device for ion-electronic destruction of waste according to paragraph 4, characterized in that it is made with a pipeline that ensures the removal of condensed destruction products from the expansion tank. 7

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