Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers and / or goods

Abstract

Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers and / or goods, comprising a hollow tube (2) and a vehicle (3) that moves inside said tube (2), wherein said tube (2), which has a cylindrical or oval cross-section and hermetic walls, has a first, closed end (2a) and a second, open end (2b) to the outside, and incorporates, in at least part of the area close to the closed end (2a), one or more air exhaust fans (4) capable of creating a vacuum in the space (a) between said closed end (2a) and the head (3a) of the vehicle (3); wherein said vehicle (3) in turn comprises: a head (3a) made up of a rigid body in the form of a piston (5) with a peripheral pneumatic seal (6) that fits to the shape and size of the inner wall of the tube (2), and at least one compartment (3b) for boarding passengers and / or loading goods; and wherein the vehicle (3) is installed inside the tube (2) with the head (3a) oriented towards the closed end (2a) and the compartment or compartments towards the open end (2b), such that the vehicle (3) moves and travels inside the tube (2) towards the closed end (2a) when the exhaust fans (4) are actuated and a vacuum is created in the space (a) between the head (3a) of the vehicle (3) and said closed end (2a) of the tube (2), the vehicle being pushed by the pressure difference with the atmospheric pressure of the open end (2b).

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] PNEUMATIC PISTON OPERATION MEANS OF TRANSPORT FOR PASSENGERS AND / OR GOODS

[0003] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The invention, as expressed in the title of this specification, relates to a means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers and / or goods that provides, for its intended function, advantages and characteristics, which are described in detail below.

[0005] The object of the present invention lies in a means of transporting passengers and / or goods which, being able to consist of either a horizontal movement vehicle, particularly a train formed by a locomotive and a convoy of one or more wagons, or a vertical movement vehicle, particularly an elevator formed by at least one cabin, has the innovative particularity that said vehicle moves like a piston inside a barrel in the form of a horizontal duct or vertical tube in which, by creating a vacuum in the front area thereof by means of extractors provided for this purpose, the vehicle is caused to advance by being pushed / sucked by the difference in atmospheric pressure.

[0006] FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The field of application of the present invention falls within the sector of the industry dedicated to the manufacture of means of transport, specifically for the transport of passengers and goods, specifically covering the field of trains on the one hand and elevators on the other.

[0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The so-called "pneumatic conveying system" or "pneumatic tube system" is known in the state of the art. This system uses vacuum to suction lightweight objects, typically documents or money, into a sealed plastic cylinder and transports them through a network of pipes to their final destination.

[0010] This system has worked well in lightweight systems, for example in banks and financial institutions, supermarkets, and other businesses, and has even been used for mail delivery. However, to date, all attempts to build vehicles such as pneumatic trains based on this system for passenger or freight transport have failed.

[0011] Currently, those related to this technology include the so-called "Zeleros" train, developed by students at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, and the so-called "Hyperloop" train developed by magnate Elon Musk.

[0012] Both projects are similar and are based on a vacuum-filled canyon-like conduit (instead of a track) through which the vehicle circulates. It consists of a pressurized capsule (with life support) with the passengers or cargo enclosed inside, so that the capsule is supported by magnetic levitation. Thus, although the vacuum is created to avoid air resistance, the train is driven by the levitation motor and not by the air pressure differential, which is zero (or nearly so) throughout the canyon.

[0013] Therefore, these vehicles cannot be considered pneumatic trains, since they are not moved by the pressure differential (vacuum) created in one part of the conduit. The vacuum is created only to avoid air resistance while the vehicle moves inside the conduit.

[0014] In addition, both proposals have some drawbacks, which are explained below.

[0015] First of all, not many people would want to travel inside a pressurized capsule knowing that there is no air to breathe outside and no atmospheric pressure, since, if there were a problem, the passengers could die from lack of oxygen, and if a crack occurred in the hull the internal pressure would disappear due to the air leak causing the passengers to explode turning into a bloody paste stuck to the wall of the capsule.

[0016] The second drawback is economic, because the cost of building the cannon, the cost of manufacturing the presupposed units with built-in life support, the energy consumption if we take into account the technology based on levitation, and the complex maintenance are very expensive.

[0017] The objective of the present invention is, therefore, the development of an authentic passenger or freight vehicle that truly uses pneumatic operation, that is, that takes advantage of pressure differential technology by creating a vacuum inside a conduit to cause its movement.

[0018] On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it should be noted that, at least on the part of the applicant, the existence of any other means of transport, or any other invention of similar application, that presents structural and constitutive technical characteristics equal to or similar to those claimed here, is unknown.

[0019] Document GB1338121A describes a train that moves through a tube by drawing air from the tube ahead of the train. The train can be accelerated by linear induction motors.

[0020] Document CN115042825A describes an air pressure driven vacuum pipeline transport system.

[0021] Document DE1906449A1 describes a method and devices for pneumatically driven toy figures and toy vehicles to create autonomous toy systems or to complement, for example, model road traffic systems or model railways.

[0022] Document US4458602A describes a pneumatic pipe conveying system for solid loads in containers.

[0023] Document DE2027186A1 describes a pneumatic tube system for the transport of goods in special containers.

[0024] Document US2016121908A1 describes an energy-saving transportation system for people and goods using the principle of zero-energy displacement, where energy is recycled instead of being wasted as heat or noise. EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers and / or goods that the invention proposes is configured as the ideal solution to the objective previously indicated, the characterizing details that make it possible and that distinguish it being conveniently included in the final claims that accompany this description.

[0026] Specifically, what the invention proposes, as indicated above, is a means of transporting passengers and / or goods consisting of either a horizontally moving vehicle, specifically a train made up of a locomotive and a convoy of one or more wagons, or a vertically moving vehicle, specifically an elevator made up of at least one cabin, where said vehicle moves like a piston inside a specific barrel, which in the case of the train is in the form of a duct with a generally oval section and is arranged horizontally and in the case of the elevator is in the form of a vertical tube with a generally circular section, said movement being produced by creating a vacuum in the front area of ​​the barrel, by activating extractors provided for this purpose, which causes the vehicle to advance pushed by the difference in atmospheric pressure between said vacuum area and the rear part of the vehicle.

[0027] To this end, and more specifically, the means of transport essentially comprises the following elements:

[0028] - A barrel, in the form of a hollow cylinder, constructed and installed at the desired location, with a variable length depending on the distance to be traveled, and which may even reach several kilometers, and an internal dimension appropriate to the dimensions of the vehicle moving inside it, and which may be cylindrical or oval in section. In any case, said barrel has airtight walls and has, at one end, a wall or door, for example a diaphragm, which hermetically seals said end, while the opposite end is open to the outside. In addition, in at least part of the area near the closed end of the barrel, one or more air extractors are provided capable of creating a vacuum in the space between said closed end and the head of the vehicle, regardless of their position.

[0029] - And a vehicle which, in turn, includes:

[0030] - a head formed by a rigid piston-shaped body with a peripheral pneumatic seal that adjusts to the shape and dimension of the inner wall of the barrel, and

[0031] - at least one accommodation for the load, whether passengers or goods, the vehicle being installed in the barrel so that the head is located on the closed end side while the accommodation or accommodation for the load remains on the open side.

[0032] With this, when the extractors are started, a vacuum is formed in the space between the head of the vehicle and the closed end of the barrel, whereby said head, configured as a piston, will move forward towards the closed end of the barrel pushed by atmospheric pressure, dragging the housing or housings that make up the rest of the vehicle, which are in direct contact with the atmosphere and which, therefore, allow passengers and cargo to be in direct contact with the air and breathe normally, just as if it were a subway tunnel.

[0033] Furthermore, as already indicated above, based on said common configuration, the means of transport object of the invention may be of horizontal movement and consist of a train with several passenger or freight cars, or it may be of vertical movement and consist of an elevator with a cabin for taking people or loads up and down.

[0034] Thus, in one embodiment, where the means of transport is horizontal, the barrel is preferably made up of an oval-section duct and the vehicle consists of a train whose locomotive is the piston-shaped head with the pneumatic seal, which will have an adjustable internal pressure so that it adjusts to the walls of the oval barrel, and one or more wagons as accommodations for passengers or freight that are coupled to said locomotive. In this variant, since the vehicle moves in the horizontal plane and can weigh a ton or more, the pneumatic seal of the piston that makes up the locomotive head would support its entire weight on the lower part.However, to avoid this problem, the locomotive head comprises, on both sides of the piston body, two bearing structures, which we will call vertical tricycles, because they comprise three arms with bearings, which slide along the inner wall of the barrel, one of which is located at the bottom and acts as a support wheel, while the other two act simply as anti-roll elements.

[0035] More specifically, each bearing structure or vertical tricycle comprises three arms, one lower vertical and two upper V-shaped, which are joined at one end, radially and integrally, to an anchor associated, in turn, to a hooking mechanism that serves to fix the assembly to the front and rear part of the piston, and which, at their opposite end, incorporate a bearing that will make contact with the barrel wall.

[0036] In this way, once the locomotive reaches the minimum travel speed, pressure will be released from the pneumatic seal, so that it does not rub against the inner wall of the barrel, so that a little air will circulate through the small space between said seal and said wall, acting as a "lubricant."

[0037] Considering that the only contact of the locomotive head with the canyon wall will be the bearings of the vertical tricycles, that the only bearings that will support the weight of the locomotive head will be the lower ones, that there will be no friction between the pneumatic seal of the locomotive head and the inner wall of the canyon during most of the movement, only to start the convoy or brake, that the train cannot overturn, that the train cannot derail, that its movement is caused by atmospheric pressure which is a constant force of 10Tm / m2 which will cause a constant acceleration, we can expect that the travel speed of the locomotive will be of the desired value, conditioned only by the resistance of the materials and the ability of the passengers to withstand high speeds, given that the acceleration will be constant.

[0038] For its part, each of the train convoy cars that make up the accommodations for passengers or goods is made up of a platform with a support wheel consisting of a vertical arm that at its upper end is firmly connected to an anchor associated, in turn, to a coupling mechanism that serves to fix it to the platform, and that, at its lower end, incorporates a bearing on which the car rests and makes contact with the canyon wall.

[0039] Furthermore, each platform of each car preferably includes a single wheel at the rear, since the front part will be attached to the locomotive or to the platform of the previous car. The payload will be carried on the platform, which could be anything from a conventional train car / wagon, containers, or directly stowed cargo.

[0040] It's worth noting that there's a space between the platform and the canyon wall so that the platform doesn't touch the interior wall of the platform. This means that passengers on board, in the case of a passenger train, will see the canyon wall just as they would the wall of a subway tunnel. Optionally, in the canyon sections that run above ground, the canyon can be made entirely or partially of a transparent material, for example, the upper half.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the canyon through which the train travels describes a rectangular circuit with rounded ends, comprising two straight sections of parallel, round-trip canyon, with the curvature occurring only at the ends. Thus, we have a single canyon through which two or more train units always travel in the same direction, meaning they cannot collide and will not have to turn to return, nor will two locomotives be required, one at each end.

[0042] And, in another variant of the invention, where the means of transport is for vertical movement, the barrel is a cylindrical tube installed vertically in a building or structure of several floors with the upper end closed and open internally to the outside, and the vehicle is an elevator whose upper part is defined by a head formed by a piston-shaped body with the pneumatic seal of adjustable pressure which, in this case, also incorporates two rigid seals, preferably metallic or ceramic material, but which can be of any other material that can be valued to make resistant seals, arranged perpendicularly on the body of the piston on both sides of the pneumatic seal, that is to say, one above and one below. Furthermore, in this case, the variable pressure of said pneumatic seal will serve to facilitate the maneuver and to be able to carry out emergency braking if necessary.

[0043] On the underside of the piston, an elevator cabin for passengers or cargo is fitted as a housing for the vehicle's load.

[0044] The elevator works the same as in the previous case, but vertically. Thus, by creating a vacuum in the upper section of the shaft, above the piston that forms the head or upper part of the elevator, using the extractors installed for this purpose in that area of ​​the shaft, the appropriate pressure can be achieved to position the piston at the necessary height so that the cabin is aligned with each floor. Logically, the calculation of this pressure must take into account the weight of the piston itself, the weight of the cabin, and the weight of the passengers (which will vary). As with the train, passengers travel in the shaft segment with air and atmospheric pressure because the air column inside the shaft is in direct contact with the outside world through the open lower part of the shaft.

[0045] If the atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm) is approximately 100,000 N / m2, i.e. 10,000 Kg / m2, an elevator with a piston with a surface area of ​​one square meter could move a weight of up to 10,000 Kg by creating a vacuum in the barrel segment located above the piston.

[0046] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] To complement the description being made and in order to help better understand the characteristics of the invention, a drawing is attached to this specification, as an integral part thereof, in which the following has been represented for illustrative and non-limiting purposes:

[0048] Figure 1.- Shows a schematic representation view, in side elevation and section, of a segment of the barrel and the piston of the locomotive head of the train that makes up the vehicle of the pneumatic means of transport object of the invention, in its horizontal displacement vahant, appreciating the essential parts thereof; Figures 2-A and 2-B.- Show respective schematic views, in side and front elevation respectively, of the arm with lower bearing that includes the vertical tricycles of the locomotive head of the train that constitutes the means of transport, according to the example of Figure 1 , as a support wheel, appreciating the parts and elements that it comprises; Figures 3-A, 3-B and 3-C.- Show respective schematic views, in front, side elevation and upper plan, of one of the vertical tricycles that comprises the locomotive head, appreciating the arrangement of the three arms that form it; Figure 4.- Shows a schematic side elevational view of the locomotive head assembly with the two vertical tricycles incorporated on either side of the piston; Figures 5-A and 5-B.- Show respective schematic side and front elevational views of the locomotive head of the train that constitutes the vehicle of the means of transport of the invention, in its horizontal travel section; Figure 6.- Again shows a schematic front elevational view of the locomotive head, in this case including the vertical tricycles, of which only one can be seen located on said front side, and the profile of the barrel through which the vehicle circulates; Figures 7-A, 7-B and 7-C.- Show respective schematic views, in side elevation, front and top plan, of an example of the wagon that constitutes the cargo accommodation of the vehicle of the means of transport of the invention, according to the example of the horizontal displacement wagon shown in Figures 1 to 6, appreciating the configuration and arrangement of its main parts, that is, the platform and the support wheel; Figure number 8.- Shows a schematic view in front elevation of the assembly of the locomotive head and wagon that make up the train, according to the example of the preceding figures, as well as the profile of the barrel through which it runs; Figure number 9.- Shows a schematic view in side elevation of the assembly of the locomotive head and two wagons making up the train, according to the invention, in its horizontal displacement vehicle wagon, in this case including the barrel through which it runs; and Figure number 10.- It shows a schematic side elevation view of another example of the pneumatic transport means of the invention, in this case in its vertical displacement as an elevator, showing the main parts and elements it comprises and their arrangement.

[0049] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0050] In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the adopted numbering, one can observe in them non-limiting embodiment examples of the means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers and / or goods of the invention, which comprises what is described in detail below.

[0051] Thus, as can be seen in said figures, the means of transport (1) of the invention is of the type that essentially comprises a hollow barrel (2) and a vehicle (3) that moves inside it, with the particularity:

[0052] - that said barrel (2), of cylindrical or oval section and hermetic walls, has a first closed end (2a), for example, with a diaphragm, and a second open end (2b) to the outside, and incorporates, in at least a part of the area close to the closed end (2a), one or more air extractors (4) capable of causing a vacuum in the space (a) existing between said closed end (2a) and the head (3a) of the vehicle (3);

[0053] - that said vehicle (3), in turn, comprises:

[0054] - a head (3a) formed by a rigid body in the form of a piston (5) with a pneumatic seal (6) that fits the shape and dimension of the inner wall of the barrel (2); and

[0055] - at least one accommodation (3b) for passenger and / or cargo loading; and

[0056] - that the vehicle (3) is installed inside the barrel (2) with the head (3a) facing the closed end (2a) and the housing or housings facing the open end (2b), such that the vehicle (3) moves and shifts inside the barrel (2) in the direction of the closed end (2a), as indicated by the arrow (f), by activating the extractors (4) and creating a vacuum in the space (a) existing between the head (3a) of the vehicle (3) and said closed end (2a) of the barrel (2), pushed by the pressure difference existing with the atmospheric pressure of the open end (2b).

[0057] In a variant embodiment, shown in figures 1 to 9, the cannon (2) is installed horizontally and the vehicle (3) is a train with a locomotive head (3a) and one or more accommodation cars (3b) for passengers and / or goods.

[0058] Preferably, in this variant, the barrel (2) has an oval section and the locomotive head (3a) includes, on both sides of the piston body (5), two vertical bearing structures or tricycles (7), each of which comprises three arms (8) with bearings (9) at their ends that slide along the inner wall of the barrel (2), one lower vertical one that acts as a support wheel and two V-shaped ones that act as anti-roll elements, as shown in figures 4 and 6.

[0059] More specifically, looking at figures 2-A, 2-B, which show an example of the lower arm (8) of said vertical tricycles (7), and at figures 3-A, 3-B and 3-B, which show an example of the set of the three arms (8), it can be seen how each of the arms (8) of said vertical tricycles (7) is formed by a tubular steel profile which, at one end, is radially and integrally connected, without suspension, to an anchor (10) associated, in turn, to two hooking mechanisms (11) which serve to fix the set to the front part and the rear part of the piston (5) of the locomotive head (3a) and, at its opposite end, incorporates the bearing (9) with which it makes contact with the inner wall of the barrel (2).

[0060] Furthermore, preferably, the pneumatic seal (6) of the locomotive head (3a) has adjustable pressure so that it does not rub against the inner wall of the barrel (2) once the train is set in motion and the locomotive reaches the minimum travel speed.

[0061] Looking at figures 7-A, 7-B and 7-C, it can be seen how, preferably, each of the accommodation wagons (3b) for passengers or goods comprising the vehicle (3) is made up of a platform (12) with at least one support wheel (13) consisting, in a similar way to the arms of vertical tricycles (7), of a vertical arm (8) which at an upper end is integrally connected to an anchor (10) associated, in turn, with a coupling mechanism (11) that serves to fix it to the platform (12) and, at its lower end, incorporates a bearing (9) on which it rests and makes contact with the wall of the canyon (2).

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, each platform (12) of each accommodation car (3b) incorporates a single support wheel (13) in the rear part thereof and, in turn, the platform (12) has a width such that between it and the wall of the canyon (2) there is a space (b) so that it does not rub against said wall.

[0063] Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of the vehicle (3) comprising the means of transport (1) of the invention, in its horizontal movement carriage in the form of a train, showing the head assembly (3a) of the locomotive and the accommodation wagons (3b) for passengers and / or goods, together with a small portion of the canyon (2) through which said vehicle (3) moves.

[0064] Optionally, the barrel wall (2) is made entirely or partially of transparent material.

[0065] Although not represented in the figures, in a preferred embodiment, the barrel (2) describes a circuit in the form of an elongated rectangle, two straight sections of barrel with rounded ends.

[0066] On the other hand, looking at figure 10, it can be seen how, in another aspect of the invention, where the means of transport (1) is for vertical movement, the barrel (2) is a cylindrical tube installed vertically that has a closed end (2a) at the top and an open end (2b) at the bottom and includes one or more extractors (4), and the vehicle (3) is an elevator that has a head (3a) at its top, formed by a piston body (5) with a perimeter pneumatic seal (6), and a passenger or cargo accommodation cabin (3b) at the bottom.

[0067] Furthermore, in this case, the piston body (5) of the head (3a) includes two rigid seals (14), preferably metallic or ceramic material, arranged perpendicularly on the piston body (5) on both sides of the pneumatic seal (6).

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that, in this vertical displacement, the pneumatic seal (6) of the head (3a) of the vehicle (3) is also pressure-operated. Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the manner of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to explain it further so that any expert in the field may understand its scope and the advantages derived from it.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- A means of transport with a pneumatic piston operation for passengers comprising a hollow barrel (2) and a vehicle (3) that moves inside said barrel (2), wherein said barrel (2) is of cylindrical or oval section and has airtight walls, the barrel (2) also having a first closed end (2a) and a second open end (2b) to the outside, and said barrel (2) also incorporating, in at least a part of an area close to the closed end (2a), one or more air extractors (4) configured to create a vacuum in a space (a) between said closed end (2a) and a head (3a) of the vehicle (3); wherein said vehicle (3) comprises: the head (3a) which is formed by a rigid body in the form of a piston (5) with a perimeter pneumatic seal (6) that adjusts to the shape and dimension of an inner wall of the barrel (2), and, at least,a housing (3b) for loading passengers; and wherein said vehicle (3) is installed inside the barrel (2) with the head (3a) oriented towards the closed end (2a) and the at least one housing (3b) towards the open end (2b), such that the vehicle (3) moves inside the barrel (2) in the direction of the closed end (2a), by activating the extractors (4) and creating the vacuum in the space (a) existing between the head (3a) of the vehicle (3) and said closed end (2a) of the barrel (2), pushed by the pressure difference existing with the atmospheric pressure of the open end (2b), characterized in that the pneumatic seal (6) of the head of the locomotive (3a) is an adjustable pressure seal configured to, once a minimum travel speed of the vehicle (3) has been reached, eliminate the pressure to prevent said pneumatic seal (6) from rubbing against the inner wall of the barrel,thereby allowing air to flow through a space between said gasket (6) and said inner wall of the barrel (2) which acts as a "lubricant". 2.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel (2) is installed horizontally and the vehicle (3) is a train with a locomotive head (3a) and one or more accommodation cars (3b) for passengers. 3.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 2, characterized in that the barrel (2) has an oval section and the locomotive head (3a) includes, on both sides of the piston body (5), two vertical bearing structures or tricycles (7), each of which comprises three arms (8) with bearings (9) at their ends that slide along the internal wall of the barrel (2), one lower vertical one that acts as a support wheel and two V-shaped ones that act as anti-roll elements. 4.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the arms (8) of the vertical tricycles (7) is formed by a tubular steel profile that, at one end, is radially and integrally connected, without suspension, to an anchor (10) associated, in turn, to two coupling mechanisms (11) that serve to fix the assembly to the front part and the rear part of the piston (5) of the locomotive head (3a) and, at its opposite end, incorporates the bearing (9) with which it makes contact with the inner wall of the barrel (2). 5.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the accommodation cars (3b) of the vehicle (3) are formed by a platform (12) with at least one support wheel (13) consisting of a vertical arm (8) which at an upper end is integrally connected to an anchor (10) associated, in turn, with a coupling mechanism (11) that serves to fix it to the platform (12) and, at its lower end, incorporates a bearing (9) on which it rests and makes contact with the wall of the canyon (2). 6.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 5, characterized in that each platform (12) of each accommodation car (3b) incorporates a single support wheel (13) in the rear part thereof. 7.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the wall of the barrel (2) is totally or partially made of transparent material. 8.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the barrel (2) describes a circuit in the form of an elongated rectangle with two straight sections of barrel back and forth and round ends. 9.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of transport (1) is of vertical displacement, where the barrel (2) is a cylindrical tube installed vertically that has a closed end (2a) in the upper part and an open end (2b) in the lower part and includes one or more extractors (4), and the vehicle (3) is an elevator that has a head (3a) in its upper part, formed by a piston body (5) with a pneumatic seal (6) perimeter, and an accommodation cabin (3b) for passengers or cargo in the lower part. 10.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 9, characterized in that the piston body (5) of the head (3a) includes two rigid seals (14) arranged perpendicularly on the piston body (5) on both sides of the pneumatic seal (6). 11.- Means of transport with pneumatic piston operation for passengers, according to claim 10, characterized in that the pneumatic seal (6) of the head (3a) of the vehicle (3) is an adjustable pressure seal configured to maneuver and perform emergency braking when necessary. 12.- Method for the operation of a means of transport according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the step of, once a minimum speed of movement of the vehicle (3) has been reached, eliminating the pressure to prevent said pneumatic seal (6) from rubbing against the inner wall of the barrel, thus allowing air to flow through a space between said seal (6) and said inner wall of the barrel (2) which acts as a "lubricant". 13.- Method for operating a means of transport according to claim 12 when it depends on any of claims 9-11, comprising the step of adjusting the pressure of the pneumatic joint (6) to maneuver and perform emergency braking when necessary.

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