Network node and communication method

Abstract

This network node comprises: a reception unit that receives a first request message for requesting connection establishment from a local gateway integrated with a small base station; a transmission unit that transmits an authentication request of the local gateway to a first network node; and a control unit that controls relay of a message related to authentication of the local gateway and transmitted / received between the local gateway and the first network node. The reception unit receives a success notification or a failure notification for the authentication of the local gateway from the first network node. The transmission unit transmits, on the basis of the success notification, a message indicating that the connection establishment is to be executed, or transmits, on the basis of the failure notification, a message indicating that the connection establishment is not to be executed, to the local gateway.

Description

Network node and communication method

[0001] The present invention relates to a network node in a communication system and a communication method.

[0002] 3GPP (registered trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is currently studying a wireless communication system called 5G or NR (New Radio) (hereinafter, the wireless communication system will be referred to as "5G" or "NR") in order to achieve a larger system capacity, a higher data transmission speed, and a lower latency in wireless sections. Various wireless technologies are being studied for 5G to meet the requirements of achieving a throughput of 10 Gbps or more while keeping latency in wireless sections to 1 ms or less.

[0003] In NR, a network architecture including 5GC (5G Core Network) corresponding to EPC (Evolved Packet Core), which is the core network in the network architecture of LTE (Long Term Evolution), and NG-RAN (Next Generation - Radio Access Network) corresponding to E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network), which is the RAN (Radio Access Network) in the network architecture of LTE, is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 (2023-03) 3GPP TS 23.401 V18.1.0 (2023-03) 3GPP TS 33.320 V17.0.0 (2022-03) 3GPP TS 33.501 V18.1.0 (2023-03)

[0005] In a 5G or NR communication system (5G system), several use cases can be envisioned in which a terminal communicates via a network node that integrates a small base station, HgNB (Home gNodeB), and a local gateway (Local GW) with LIPA (Local Internet Protocol Access; see Section 4.3.16 of Non-Patent Document 2).

[0006] However, in the 5G system, the procedures for authenticating the local gateway (Local GW) integrated with the small base station (HgNB) are not specified.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to define a procedure for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, there is provided a network node having a receiving unit that receives a first request message requesting connection establishment from a local gateway integrated with a small base station, a transmitting unit that transmits an authentication request for the local gateway to a first network node, and a control unit that controls relaying of messages related to authentication of the local gateway that are transmitted and received between the local gateway and the first network node, wherein the receiving unit receives a success notification or failure notification for the authentication of the local gateway from the first network node, and the transmitting unit transmits to the local gateway a message indicating that the connection establishment will be performed based on the success notification, or a message indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed based on the failure notification.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, it is possible to define procedures for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication system. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a first sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a second sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a third sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 and a network node 30 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10, a terminal 20, and a network node 30 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology is used as appropriate. However, the existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE, but is not limited to the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced, and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), or wireless LAN (Local Area Network), unless otherwise specified.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the network node 30 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0014] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system is composed of a UE, which is a terminal 20, and multiple network nodes 30. Hereinafter, it is assumed that one network node 30 corresponds to each function, but multiple functions may be realized by one network node 30, or multiple network nodes 30 may realize one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0015] The RAN (Radio Access Network) is a network node 30 having a radio access function, which may include a base station 10, and is connected to a UE, an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), and a UPF (User plane function). The AMF is a network node 30 having functions such as terminating the RAN interface, terminating the NAS (Non-Access Stratum), registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The UPF is a network node 30 having functions such as a PDU (Protocol Data Unit) session point to the outside that interconnects with a DN (Data Network), packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS (Quality of Service) handling. The UPF and the DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network according to the embodiment of the present invention, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0016] The AMF is connected to the UE, RAN, SMF (Session Management function), NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function), NEF (Network Exposure Function), NRF (Network Repository Function), UDM (Unified Data Management), AUSF (Authentication Server Function), PCF (Policy Control Function), and AF (Application Function). The AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes 30 that are mutually connected via interfaces based on their respective services, Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0017] The SMF is a network node 30 having functions such as session management, UE IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and management, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) function, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy, and roaming function. The NEF is a network node 30 having a function of notifying other NFs (Network Functions) of capabilities and events. The NSSF is a network node 30 having functions such as selecting a network slice to which a UE connects, determining an allowed NSSAI (Network Slice Selection Assistance Information), determining an NSSAI to be set, and determining an AMF set to which a UE connects. The PCF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling network policies. The AF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling application servers. The NRF is a network node 30 having a function of discovering NF instances that provide services. The UDM is a network node 30 that manages subscriber data and authentication data. The UDM is connected to a UDR (User Data Repository) that stores the data.

[0018] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in a roaming environment. As shown in Fig. 2, the network is composed of a UE, which is a terminal 20, and multiple network nodes 30. Hereinafter, it is assumed that one network node 30 corresponds to each function, but multiple functions may be realized by one network node 30, or multiple network nodes 30 may realize one function. Furthermore, the "connection" described below may be a logical connection or a physical connection.

[0019] The RAN is a network node 30 having a radio access function, and is connected to the UE, the AMF, and the UPF. The AMF is a network node 30 having functions such as RAN interface termination, NAS termination, registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. The UPF is a network node 30 having functions such as a PDU session point to the outside that interconnects with the DN, packet routing and forwarding, and user plane QoS handling. The UPF and the DN constitute a network slice. In the wireless communication network according to the embodiment of the present invention, multiple network slices are constructed.

[0020] The AMF is connected to the UE, RAN, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, AF, and SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy). The AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, UDM, AUSF, PCF, and AF are network nodes 30 that are interconnected via respective service-based interfaces, Namf, Nsmf, Nnssf, Nnef, Nnrf, Nudm, Nausf, Npcf, and Naf.

[0021] The SMF is a network node 30 having functions such as session management, UE IP address allocation and management, DHCP function, ARP proxy, and roaming function. The NEF is a network node 30 having a function of notifying other NFs of capabilities and events. The NSSF is a network node 30 having functions such as selecting a network slice to which a UE connects, determining an allowed NSSAI, determining a configured NSSAI, and determining an AMF set to which a UE connects. The PCF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling network policies. The AF is a network node 30 having a function of controlling application servers. The NRF is a network node 30 having a function of discovering NF instances that provide services. The SEPP is a non-transparent proxy that filters control plane messages between PLMNs (Public Land Mobile Networks). The vSEPP shown in FIG. 2 is a SEPP in the visited network, and the hSEPP is a SEPP in the home network.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2, a UE is in a roaming environment connected to a RAN and an AMF in a Visited PLMN (VPLMN). The VPLMN and a Home PLMN (HPLMN) are connected via a vSEPP and an hSEPP. The UE can communicate with a UDM in the HPLMN via the AMF in the VPLMN, for example.

[0023] (Example 1) Example 1 will be described. In Example 1, a procedure for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station (HgNB, Home gNodeB) in a 5G system (5GS) will be described. A small base station (HgNB) integrated with a local gateway, like a HeNB in ​​LTE, has an HPM (Hosting Party Module; see section 5.1.1 of Non-Patent Document 3) that handles information about the Hosting Party (HP), the owner of the small base station (HgNB). Information about the owner of the small base station (HgNB) is handled in the same way as subscriber information for a normal UE (terminal 20). That is, the HPM held by the small base station (HgNB) includes a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI; see section 5.9.2 of Non-Patent Document 1), which is identification information for identifying the owner, and information about keys (see section 6.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 4), which are used in the authentication procedure. The HPM is also called a subscriber module. Authenticating the HPM possessed by the small base station (HgNB) also authenticates the small base station (HgNB) and the local gateway integrated into the small base station (HgNB).

[0024] A local gateway (Local GW) integrated into a small base station (HgNB) connects to 5GS using a PFCP Association Setup procedure via an N4 interface, in addition to the NG Setup procedure via the N2 interface. In a first embodiment, processing related to authentication, registration, and subscriber information executed in the PFCP Association Setup procedure will be described.

[0025] 3 is a diagram showing an example of a first sequence diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. Here, requests, responses, notifications, etc. transmitted and received between network nodes may be called messages or information, for example, request messages, request information, etc. The processing of each step in FIG. 3 will be described below.

[0026] Step S300: After the HgNB and HPM have started up, secure connections based on IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2) and IPSec are established between the HgNB and the AMF, and between the Local GW integrated into the HgNB and the SMF, respectively. Here, the AMF has a Security Anchor Function (SEAF; see section 5.6 of Non-Patent Document 4) that performs security-related functions such as authentication. In the description of this sequence, AMF may be replaced with SEAF.

[0027] Step S301: The Local GW integrated into the HgNB transmits a Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) Association Setup request to the SMF, which is a connection establishment request message requesting establishment of an N4 interface and, in addition, authentication and registration of information related to the HPM. The request message includes the identifier (ID) of the Local GW integrated into the HgNB as the node ID of the Local GW, and the Global RAN Node ID (small base station identifier) ​​of the HgNB as the primary RAN node ID. Furthermore, the request message includes, for example, a SUbscription concealed identifier (SUCI; see section 5.9.2a of Non-Patent Document 1) as information identifying the owner of the HgNB. The SUCI includes identification information related to the encrypted subscriber (here, the owner of the HgNB).

[0028] Step S302: The SMF sends a Namf_Authenticate request to the AMF. The request message includes the SUCI received in step S301.

[0029] Step S303: The AMF sends a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate request to the AUSF. The request message includes the SUCI received in step S302 and information about the serving network (SN-name, name of the serving network). The AUSF is a network node that performs authentication processing.

[0030] Step S304: The AUSF sends a Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get request to the UDM. The request message includes the SUCI and SN-name received in step S303. The UDM is a network node that manages subscriber information, etc. The UDM also includes an ARPF (Authentication Credential Repository and Processing Function) that processes and manages authentication information used in authentication processing, and a SIDF (Subscription Identifier De-concealing Function) that decrypts encrypted identification information. Alternatively, the UDM may perform these functions by accessing another network node that includes an ARPF or SIDF.

[0031] Step S305: The UDM selects an authentication method. For example, the UDM selects 5G AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement) as the authentication method. Alternatively, the UDM may select an authentication method such as EAP-AKA. Furthermore, the UDM causes the SIDF to decrypt (decrypt) the encrypted identification information included in the SUCI to generate identification information (SUPI). Furthermore, the UDM causes the ARPF to generate authentication information (Authentication Vector, AV) to be used in the authentication process executed in the AUSF for authentication using the selected authentication method. The ARPF generates authentication information to be used in the authentication process executed in the SEAF and authentication information to be used in the authentication process executed in the AUSF.

[0032] Step S306: The UDM sends a Nudm_UEAuthentication_Get response to the AUSF in response to the request message received in step S304. The response message includes information about the authentication method selected in step S305, and the generated identification information (SUPI) and authentication information (AV).

[0033] Step S307: The AUSF generates authentication information (Authentication Vector, AV) to be used in the authentication process executed in the AMF.

[0034] Furthermore, the AUSF sends a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response to the AMF in response to the request message received in step S303. The message includes information about the authentication method selected in step S305 and authentication information (AV).

[0035] Step S308: The AMF sends an Nsmf_N4MessageTransfer to the SMF, which contains the same information as the message requesting authentication received in step S302.

[0036] Step S309: The SMF sends a PFCP Association Setup progress message to the Local GW integrated in the HgNB to request that the processing requested in step S301 be continued and that authentication be performed using the authentication method selected in step S305. This message contains the same information as the message requesting authentication received in step S308. In this way, the SMF relays the received information regarding authentication and transmits it to other network nodes.

[0037] Step S310: The HgNB sends a PFCP Association Setup Update to the SMF as a response to the request message received in step S309. The message includes authentication information generated by the HgNB.

[0038] Step S311: The SMF sends an Nsmf_N4MessageNotify to the AMF. The message includes authentication information generated by the HgNB. In this way, the SMF relays the received authentication information to other network nodes.

[0039] Next, the processing from step S311 onwards will be described. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a second sequence diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Step S312: The AMF causes the SEAF to execute authentication processing. The SEAF executes authentication using the authentication method selected in step S305, using the authentication information received in steps S307 and S311. If the authentication processing results in failure, the processing in steps S313 and S314 is executed, and then the procedure in the first embodiment is terminated. If the authentication processing results in success, the processing proceeds to step S315.

[0041] Step S313: If the result of the authentication process in step S312 is failure, the AMF sends to the SMF a Namf_Authenticate response including a notification indicating that the authentication result is failure as a response to the request message received in step S302.

[0042] Step S314: If the result of the authentication process in step S312 is failure, the SMF transmits to the HgNB a PFCP Association Setup response including information indicating that the authentication result is failure (HPM Authentication failure) as a response to the request message received in step S301. The failure of the authentication result indicates that the connection establishment (establishment of a PFCP Association) requested in the request message received in step S302 will not be executed. This completes the procedure in embodiment 1.

[0043] Step S315: If the result of the authentication process in step S312 is successful, the AMF sends a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate request to the AUSF. The message includes authentication information generated by the HgNB.

[0044] Step S316: AUSF performs authentication using the authentication method selected in step S305 using the authentication information received in steps S306 and S315. If the authentication process results in failure, the process of steps S317 to S319 is performed, and then the procedure in embodiment 1 is terminated. If the authentication process results in success, the process proceeds to step S320.

[0045] Step S317: If the result of the authentication process in step S316 is a failure, the AUSF sends to the AMF a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response including a notification indicating that the authentication result is a failure, as a response to the request message received in step S315.

[0046] Step S318: If the result of the authentication process in step S316 is failure, the AMF sends a Namf_Authenticate response to the SMF in response to the request message received in step S302, including information indicating that the authentication result is failure.

[0047] Step S319: If the result of the authentication process in step S316 is failure, the SMF transmits to the HgNB a PFCP Association Setup response including information indicating that the authentication result is failure (HPM Authentication failure) as a response to the request message received in step S301. The failure of the authentication result indicates that the connection establishment (establishment of a PFCP Association) requested in the request message received in step S302 will not be executed. This completes the procedure in embodiment 1.

[0048] Step S320: If the result of the authentication process in step S316 is successful, the AUSF sends a Nausf_UEAuthentication_Authenticate response to the AMF in response to the request message received in step S315. The response message includes a notification indicating that the authentication result is successful and identification information (SUPI) related to the subscriber (HP).

[0049] Step S321: The AMF sends a Namf_Authenticate response to the SMF in response to the request message received in step S302. The response message includes a notification indicating that the authentication result is successful and identification information (SUPI) related to the subscriber (HP).

[0050] Step S322: The SMF registers the Local GW integrated with the HgNB by associating the Local GW identifier (ID) and the Global RAN Node ID of the HgNB included in the request message received in step S301 with the subscriber (HP) identification information (SUPI) received in step S321 as a single set and storing them.

[0051] Step S323: The SMF sends a Nudm_UECM_Registration request to the UDM, which is a message requesting registration of the local gateway handled by the SMF. The request message includes the NF instance ID, which is the SMF identifier, the Local GW identifier (ID) stored in step S322, the Global RAN Node ID of the HgNB, and the subscriber (HP) identification information (SUPI).

[0052] Step S324: The UDM sends a Nudr_DM_Create request to the UDR, which is a message requesting registration of a local gateway handled by the SMF. The request message includes the NF instance ID, which is the identifier of the SMF, the Local GW identifier (ID) stored in step S322, the Global RAN Node ID of the HgNB, and the subscriber (HP) identification information (SUPI).

[0053] Step S325: The UDR associates the NF instance ID, which is the identifier of the SMF received in step S324, the identifier (ID) of the Local GW, the Global RAN Node ID of the HgNB, and the identification information (SUPI) related to the subscriber (HP), and stores them as a set, thereby registering the Local GW integrated into the HgNB and the HPM (Hosting Party Module) possessed by the HgNB.

[0054] The registration information registered in this step is useful as information for reaching a Local GW owned by a specific Hosting Party and a local network connected to the Local GW. For example, the AMF can find the SMF that controls the Local GW integrated with the HgNB owned by a specific Hosting Party by inquiring about the registration information from the UDM.

[0055] Step S326: The UDR sends a Nudr_DM_Create response to the UDM as a response to the request message received in step S324.

[0056] Step S327: The UDM sends a Nudm_UECM_Registration response to the SMF as a response message to the request message received in step S323.

[0057] Step S328: The SMF sends a Nudm_SDM_Get request, which is a message requesting acquisition of subscriber information related to the owner identity (SUPI) of the HPM, to the UDM to confirm whether the HPM registered in step S325 is contracted as an HPM (i.e., to confirm authorization from the Local GW). The request message includes the owner identity (SUPI) of the HPM registered in step S325.

[0058] Step S329: The UDM sends a Nudm_SDM_Get response to the SMF in response to the request message received in step S328. The message includes an HPM contract identifier, which is information indicating whether the contract is made as an HPM (for example, if the contract is made as an HPM, it has a value of true or 1, and if not, it has a value of false or 0).

[0059] Step S330: The SMF checks the subscriber information based on the HPM contract identifier included in the message received in step S329. That is, if the HPM contract identifier indicates that the HgNB is not contracted as an HPM, the SMF determines that authorization for the HPM owned by the HgNB and the Local GW integrated into the HgNB has failed; if the HPM contract identifier indicates that the HgNB is contracted as an HPM, the SMF determines that authorization for the HPM owned by the HgNB and the Local GW integrated into the HgNB has succeeded. If the result of the authorization process is failure, the SMF executes the process of step S331, and ends the procedure in embodiment 1. If the result of the authorization process is success, the SMF proceeds to the process of step S332.

[0060] Step S331: If the confirmation result in step S330 is authorization failure, the SMF transmits a PFCP Association Setup response (HPM Authorization failure) including a notification indicating that authorization has failed to the HgNB, and completes the processing for the request message received in step S301. The authorization failure indicates that the connection establishment (establishment of a PFCP Association) requested in the request message received in step S302 will not be executed.

[0061] Step S332: If the result of the check in step S330 is successful, the SMF transmits a PFCP Association Setup response to the HgNB, including a notification indicating that the authorization was successful, and completes the processing for the request message received in step S301. Successful authorization indicates that the connection establishment (establishment of a PFCP Association) requested in the request message received in step S302 will be executed.

[0062] According to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to define a procedure for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0063] (Device Configuration) Next, a description will be given of an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 that perform the processes and operations described above. The base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 include functions for performing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10, network node 30, and terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0064] <Base Station 10 and Network Node 30> Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and the network node 30. As shown in Fig. 6, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 6 is merely an example. As long as the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. Note that the network node 30 may have the same functional configuration as the base station 10. Furthermore, a network node 30 having multiple different functions in the system architecture may be composed of multiple network nodes 30 separated by function.

[0065] The transmitter 110 includes a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 or another network node 30 and transmitting the signal by wire or wirelessly. The receiver 120 includes a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 or another network node 30 and acquiring, for example, information of a higher layer from the received signal. A communication unit including the transmitter 110 and the receiver 120 may be configured.

[0066] The setting unit 130 stores in a storage device preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20, and reads it from the storage device as needed. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to authentication of the base station 10 into which the local gateway is integrated and authentication of the subscriber module possessed by the base station 10.

[0067] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs processing related to authentication of the base station 10 in which the local gateway is integrated and authentication of the subscriber module of the base station 10. The control unit 140 also performs processing related to communication with the terminal 20. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0068] <Terminal 20> Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the terminal 20. As shown in Fig. 7, the terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Fig. 7 is merely an example. As long as the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed, the names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any. In addition, the communication device that becomes the resource holder 20 may have the same functional configuration as the terminal 20.

[0069] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 receives various signals wirelessly and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving control signals, reference signals, etc. transmitted from the network node 30. A communication unit including the transmitter 210 and the receiver 220 may be configured.

[0070] The setting unit 230 stores various pieces of setting information received from the network node 30 by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device, and reads them out from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance.

[0071] The control unit 240 executes various processes. The function unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the function unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0072] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 6 and 7) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0073] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0074] For example, the base station 10, the network node 30, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node 30 may have the same hardware configuration as the base station 10. The above-described base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0075] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0076] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0077] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0078] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 7 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0079] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0080] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0081] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0082] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0083] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0084] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0085] Fig. 9 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 9, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0086] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0087] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0088] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0089] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0090] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0091] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0092] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0093] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0094] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0095] (Summary of embodiment) As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a network node having: a receiving unit that receives a first request message requesting connection establishment from a local gateway integrated with a small base station; a transmitting unit that transmits an authentication request for the local gateway to a first network node; and a control unit that controls relay of messages related to authentication of the local gateway that are transmitted and received between the local gateway and the first network node, wherein the receiving unit receives from the first network node a success notification or a failure notification for the authentication of the local gateway, and the transmitting unit transmits to the local gateway a message indicating that the connection establishment will be performed based on the success notification, or transmits a message indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed based on the failure notification.

[0096] With the above configuration, it is possible to define procedures for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0097] The first request message may include an encrypted first identifier of the owner of the local gateway, and the success notification may include a second identifier obtained by decrypting the encryption of the first identifier.

[0098] With the above configuration, it is possible to define procedures for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0099] The transmitter may transmit a second request message to a second network node requesting registration of an identifier of the device itself, an identifier of the local gateway, an identifier of the small base station, and the second identifier, the receiver may receive authorization information from the second network node indicating whether the local gateway is authorized, and if the authorization information indicates a failure of the authorization, the transmitter may transmit a message to the local gateway indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed.

[0100] With the above configuration, it is possible to define procedures for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0101] The authentication of the local gateway may be performed by an authentication method based on 5G AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement).

[0102] With the above configuration, it is possible to define procedures for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0103] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method executed by a network node, comprising: a receiving step of receiving a first request message requesting connection establishment from a local gateway integrated with a small base station; a transmitting step of transmitting an authentication request for the local gateway to a first network node; and a control step of controlling relay of messages related to authentication of the local gateway transmitted and received between the local gateway and the first network node, wherein the receiving step receives from the first network node a success notification or a failure notification for the authentication of the local gateway, and the transmitting step transmits to the local gateway a message indicating that the connection establishment will be performed based on the success notification, or a message indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed based on the failure notification.

[0104] With the above configuration, it is possible to define procedures for authenticating a local gateway integrated with a small base station in a communication system.

[0105] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0106] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0107] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be implemented using any of the following standards: LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 ( The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0108] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0109] In this specification, a specific operation described as being performed by the base station 10 may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0110] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0111] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0112] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0113] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0114] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0115] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0116] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0117] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0118] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0119] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0120] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0121] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0122] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0123] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0124] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0125] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0126] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0127] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0128] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0129] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0130] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0131] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0132] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0133] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0134] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0135] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0136] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0137] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0138] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0139] 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Control unit 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Control unit 30 Network node 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Front wheels 2008 Rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Tire pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A network node comprising: a receiving unit that receives a first request message requesting connection establishment from a local gateway integrated with a small base station; a transmitting unit that transmits an authentication request for the local gateway to a first network node; and a control unit that controls relaying of messages regarding authentication of the local gateway transmitted and received between the local gateway and the first network node, wherein the receiving unit receives a success or failure notification for the authentication of the local gateway from the first network node, and the transmitting unit transmits a message to the local gateway indicating that the connection establishment will be performed based on the success notification, or transmits a message indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed based on the failure notification.

2. The network node of claim 1, wherein the first request message includes an encrypted first identifier of an owner of the local gateway, and the success notification includes a second identifier that is a decrypted version of the first identifier.

3. The network node of claim 2, wherein the transmitter transmits a second request message to a second network node requesting registration of an identifier of the device itself, an identifier of the local gateway, an identifier of the small base station, and the second identifier; the receiver receives authorization information from the second network node indicating whether the local gateway is authorized or not; and the transmitter transmits a message to the local gateway indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed if the authorization information indicates a failure of the authorization.

4. The network node according to claim 1, wherein authentication of the local gateway is performed by an authentication method based on 5G AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement).

5. A communications method executed by a network node, comprising: a receiving step of receiving a first request message requesting connection establishment from a local gateway integrated with a small base station; a transmitting step of transmitting an authentication request for the local gateway to a first network node; and a control step of controlling relaying of messages regarding authentication of the local gateway transmitted and received between the local gateway and the first network node, wherein the receiving step receives a success notification or failure notification for the authentication of the local gateway from the first network node, and the transmitting step transmits a message to the local gateway indicating that the connection establishment will be performed based on the success notification, or transmits a message indicating that the connection establishment will not be performed based on the failure notification.

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