Seismic field monitoring system for coal mine composite disaster early warning

Abstract

Provided is a seismic field monitoring system for coal mine composite disaster early warning. The system comprises a mine seismic prospecting instrument, a drilling acquisition module, a downhole acquisition module and a service display module. The mine seismic prospecting instrument comprises a three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor installed on the ground of a coal mine; the drilling acquisition module comprises a first micro-seismic sensor mounted in a drill hole; the downhole acquisition module comprises a second micro-seismic sensor, a geophone sensor and a multifunctional micro-seismic sensor which are installed in the downhole.

Description

A vibration field monitoring system for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2023110162656 filed in China on August 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of coal mine vibration monitoring, and in particular to a vibration field monitoring system for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines. Background Art

[0004] Microseismic monitoring technology has been used in mines for many years. In 1908, Germany established the world's first mine observation station in the Ruhr coalfield using a Wiechert horizontal seismograph. Subsequently, countries such as the United States, South Africa, Poland, Canada, and Australia began developing microseismic systems. L. Obert of the United States pioneered acoustic emission monitoring technology for coal and rock stability assessment. Poland's SYLOK microseismic and SAK geophone monitoring systems were first used to monitor microseismic activity at mining faces and in mine areas. The Czech Republic implemented microseismic monitoring in six major mines through an integrated national microseismic network. The United Kingdom used 24-bit portable microseismic recorders for microseismic monitoring of longwall mining faces and successfully detected signs of coal pillar stress overload. South Africa's fully integrated microseismic monitoring system interconnects local, regional, and national systems. The Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Institute's Mining Bureau conducted trials in 13 mining areas and achieved significant results in coal mine rock failure monitoring. Canada's ADASLS system can identify wave types and enable complete signal analysis and processing within a specified timeframe. After my country imported and modified the Polish microseismic monitoring system, the WDJ-1 microseismic positioning system and the DJ-1 geoacoustic monitoring system were introduced in 1990. The STL-12 microseismic monitoring system, developed during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, was limited in its application during the Dongguashan rockburst monitoring in Tongling due to its inability to effectively identify and remove noise. Jiang Fuxing, in collaboration with CSIRO, developed China's first BMS microseismic monitoring system for real-time underground monitoring of coal and rock mass fracture disasters, capable of both centralized and distributed deployment within a region. Dou Linming introduced the Polish SOS microseismic monitoring system, achieving a positioning accuracy of less than 20m horizontally and less than 50m vertically. Pan Yishan and others developed a kilometer-scale destructive mine earthquake monitoring and positioning system for mining areas.

[0005] However, the current vibration field monitoring, especially in the field of coal mine complex disaster monitoring, still has the following problems: (1) Due to the wide frequency range of complex disaster vibration signals, the vibration signals are divided into three categories according to the needs of various disaster monitoring during the mining process: mine earthquakes, microseismicity and ground sound. Mine earthquakes are earthquakes induced by mining, with a frequency range below 100 Hz. Microseismicity, also known as microearthquakes, has a relatively high frequency, up to several hundred Hz, and the frequency range is generally below 150 Hz. Ground sound signals are generally vibration signals generated by weak rock fractures around the mining area, with a high frequency, up to thousands of Hz. Traditional mine earthquake, microseismicity and ground sound monitoring systems are limited by the power of sensors, data collectors and data acquisition software, making it difficult to achieve centralized collection of different types of signals. As a result, the same mine often needs to install multiple sets of vibration field monitoring equipment to monitor different disasters, and even the same disaster needs to install two or even three sets of vibration field monitoring equipment to achieve different monitoring scenarios. (2) Due to the different energy levels and main frequencies of vibration signals such as mine earthquakes, microseismic earthquakes, and ground sounds, as well as the different signal propagation distances and inconsistent installation and layout methods of different sensors, a traditional vibration monitoring system is difficult to take into account the acquisition of different types of vibration signals. (3) The use of microseismic monitoring methods to monitor mine water channels requires high system positioning accuracy, but the effective space underground limits the layout of equipment, especially in the Z direction, where there is a problem of low positioning accuracy. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a solution that can centrally collect multiple signals of the vibration field and has high positioning accuracy.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The disclosed embodiments provide a life detection system and method for mine drilling rescue, which at least solve the technical problems of not being able to centrally collect multiple signals of a vibration field and having low positioning accuracy.

[0008] The first embodiment of the present disclosure provides a vibration field monitoring system for coal mine complex disaster early warning, comprising: a mine seismometer, a drilling acquisition module, an underground acquisition module, and a service display module;

[0009] The mine seismometer includes: a three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor installed on the coal mine floor, the three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor being used to collect large-energy microseismic signals and mine seismic signals occurring underground on the coal mine floor; wherein the large energy is 10,000 joules;

[0010] The borehole acquisition module includes: a first microseismic sensor installed in the borehole, the first microseismic sensor being used to acquire vibration signals in the borehole;

[0011] The downhole acquisition module includes: a second microseismic sensor, a ground sound sensor, and a multifunctional microseismic sensor installed downhole; the second microseismic sensor is used to collect downhole vibration signals at the location of the second microseismic sensor; based on the second microseismic sensor being installed in a main lane or a preparation lane of a coal mine, vibration sensors with main frequencies of 4.5 and 14 Hz are used as the second microseismic sensor; based on the second microseismic sensor being installed in a working face mining lane or an excavation lane, vibration sensors with main frequencies of 45 and 60 Hz are used as the second microseismic sensor; the ground sound sensor is used to collect downhole ground sound signals at the location of the ground sound sensor; the multifunctional microseismic sensor is used to collect downhole vibration signals at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor, and send the downhole vibration signals at the location of the second microseismic sensor, the downhole ground sound signals at the location of the ground sound sensor, and the downhole vibration signals at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor to the service display module;

[0012] The service display module is used to provide timing and network services to the mine seismometer, the drilling acquisition module, and the downhole acquisition module;

[0013] The service display module is further configured to display in real time the high-energy microseismic signal, the mining seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the downhole vibration signal, and the downhole ground sound signal;

[0014] The service display module is further configured to perform real-time analysis and monitoring of the coal mine mining face based on the high-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal, and the underground ground sound signal;

[0015] The service display module includes: a timing satellite, a network time server, and a ground data acquisition server. The timing satellite is used to provide a satellite signal time source for timing to the mine seismometer and the borehole acquisition module; the network time server is used to provide a network signal time source for timing to the downhole acquisition module; the ground data acquisition server is used to receive the high-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the downhole vibration signal, and the downhole ground sound signal sent by the mine seismometer, the borehole acquisition module, and the downhole acquisition module;

[0016] The drilling acquisition module further includes: a drilling ground acquisition instrument and a first signal transmission cable, wherein the drilling ground acquisition instrument is configured to acquire the vibration signal in the borehole acquired by the first microseismic sensor through the first signal transmission cable, and transmit the vibration signal in the borehole to the ground data acquisition server;

[0017] The downhole acquisition module further includes: a mine power supply, a second signal transmission cable, and a mine data communication optical cable; the multifunctional microseismic sensor is configured to collect downhole vibration signals collected by the second microseismic sensor and downhole ground sound signals collected by the ground sound sensor via the second signal transmission cable, and transmit the signals to the surface data acquisition server via the mine data communication optical cable; the mine power supply is configured to provide electrical energy to the multifunctional microseismic sensor, the second microseismic sensor, and the ground sound sensor;

[0018] The multifunctional microseismic sensor comprises: a three-component vibration sensor, a first data acquisition card, a second data acquisition card and a third timing module, wherein the three-component vibration sensor is used to collect underground vibration signals at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor; the first data acquisition card is used to collect vibration data of the three-component vibration sensor and transmit the data to the ground data acquisition server via the mine data communication optical cable; the second data acquisition card is used to collect underground vibration signals collected by the second microseismic sensor and underground ground sound signals collected by the ground sound sensor, and transmit the data to the ground data acquisition server via the mine data communication optical cable; the third timing module is used to receive time information sent by a network time server and send the time information to the first data acquisition card and the second data acquisition card;

[0019] Based on the monitoring of the movement law of the overburden rock in the working face roof, a first microseismic sensor, a second microseismic sensor, or a three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is installed every 50-100m in the two drifts of the working face. The coverage range of the first microseismic sensor, the second microseismic sensor, or the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is the area 300-500m in front of the working face.

[0020] Based on the development of water-conducting fracture zones and the expansion patterns of hydraulic fractures in the monitoring working face, a second microseismic sensor with more than 8 channels is deployed within 100-200m of the monitoring area.

[0021] To monitor rock bursts at the coal mining face, a first microseismic sensor, a second microseismic sensor, or a three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is installed every 50-200m in the two drifts of the working face. The coverage area of ​​the first microseismic sensor, the second microseismic sensor, or the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is the stress concentration area in front of the working face.

[0022] In order to monitor coal and gas outbursts and rock burst disasters at the tunneling working face, a geoacoustic sensor is installed every 30-100m in the monitoring area, and the number of geoacoustic sensors in the monitoring area is greater than or equal to 6.

[0023] In some embodiments, the service display module further includes: a switch, a client, and a 4G / 5G base station;

[0024] The switch is used to implement network timing based on the IEE1588 protocol;

[0025] The client is used to display the high-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the downhole vibration signal and the downhole ground sound signal;

[0026] The client is further configured to analyze the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the borehole vibration signal, the underground vibration signal, and the underground ground sound signal to determine whether a coal mine disaster has occurred and the type of disaster;

[0027] The 4G / 5G base station is used to provide network to the mine seismometer, the drilling acquisition module, and the downhole acquisition module.

[0028] In some embodiments, the mine seismometer further comprises: a first data acquisition unit, a first data transceiver unit, a first timing antenna, and a first timing module;

[0029] The first data acquisition unit is used to acquire the large-energy microseismic signal and the mining earthquake signal from the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor;

[0030] The first data transceiver unit is used to send the high-energy microseismic signal and the mining seismic signal to the ground data acquisition server;

[0031] The first timing antenna is used to receive the satellite signal time source sent by the timing satellite;

[0032] The first timing module is configured to provide time information to the first data acquisition unit based on the satellite signal time source.

[0033] In some embodiments, the mine seismometer further comprises: a first lightning rod, a first solar panel, and a first battery-powered control unit;

[0034] The first solar panel is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and then transmit the electrical energy to the first battery-powered control unit;

[0035] The first battery-powered control unit is used to provide power to the three-component low-frequency mining vibration sensor, the first data acquisition unit, the first data transceiver unit, the first timing antenna and the first timing module.

[0036] In some embodiments, the vibration field monitoring system further comprises: foundation piles;

[0037] The mine seismometer is installed on the coal mine ground through the foundation piles.

[0038] In some embodiments, the ground acquisition instrument for drilling includes: a second data acquisition unit, a second data transceiver unit, a second timing antenna, a second timing module, a second lightning rod, a second solar panel, and a second battery-powered control unit.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure bring at least the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The disclosed embodiment proposes a vibration field monitoring system for coal mine complex disaster early warning, the system comprising: a mine seismometer, a borehole acquisition module, an underground acquisition module and a service display module; the mine seismometer comprises: a three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor installed on the coal mine ground, the three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor being used to collect large-energy microseismic signals and mine seismic signals occurring underground on the coal mine ground; wherein the large energy is 10,000 joules; the borehole acquisition module comprises: a first microseismic sensor installed in the borehole, the first microseismic sensor being used to collect vibration signals in the borehole; the underground acquisition module comprises: a second microseismic sensor, a ground sound sensor and a multifunctional microseismic sensor being installed underground; the second microseismic sensor being used to collect underground vibration signals at the location of the second microseismic sensor; the ground sound sensor being used to collect underground ground sound signals at the location of the ground sound sensor ; The multifunctional microseismic sensor is used to collect the underground vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor, and send the underground vibration signal at the location of the second microseismic sensor, the underground ground sound signal at the location of the ground sound sensor and the underground vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor to the service display module; the service display module is used to provide timing and network services to the mine seismometer, the drilling acquisition module and the underground acquisition module; the service display module is also used to display the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal in real time; the service display module is also used to perform real-time analysis and monitoring of the coal mine mining working face based on the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal. The technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure solves the problem of inconsistent energy, frequency, and event judgment standards for vibration signals of different types of disasters in coal mine complex disaster monitoring. The same standard is combined with the installation method and installation position of the equipment to process different types of vibration signals such as mine earthquakes, micro-earthquakes, and ground sounds, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy of the system.

[0041] Additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be given in part in the description below and in part will become apparent from the description below or will be learned through practice of the embodiments of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0043] FIG1 is a block diagram of a vibration field monitoring system for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG2 is a detailed structural diagram of a vibration field monitoring system for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Reference numerals: mine seismometer 1, drilling acquisition module 2, downhole acquisition module 3, service display module 4, foundation pile 5, three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor 1-1, first data acquisition unit 1-2, first data transceiver unit 1-3, first timing antenna 1-4, first timing module 1-5, first lightning rod 1-6, first solar panel 1-7, first battery-powered control unit 1-8, first microseismic sensor 2-1, drilling ground acquisition instrument 2-2, first signal transmission cable 2-3, second data acquisition unit 2-2-1, second data transceiver unit 2-2-2, second timing antenna 2-2-3, second timing module 2-2- 4. Second lightning rod 2-2-5, second solar panel 2-2-6, second battery-powered control unit 2-2-7, second microseismic sensor 3-1, geosound sensor 3-2, multi-function microseismic sensor 3-3, mine power supply 3-4, second signal transmission cable 3-5, mine data communication optical cable 3-6, three-component vibration sensor 3-3-1, first data acquisition card 3-3-2, second data acquisition card 3-3-3, third timing module 3-3-4, timing satellite 4-1, network time server 4-2, ground data acquisition server 4-3, switch 4-4, client 4-5, 4G / 5G base station 4-6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0047] The embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a vibration field monitoring system for coal mine complex disaster early warning, the system comprising: a mine seismometer, a borehole acquisition module, an underground acquisition module and a service display module; the mine seismometer comprises: a three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor installed on the coal mine ground, the three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor being used to collect large-energy microseismic signals and mine seismic signals occurring underground on the coal mine ground; wherein the large energy is 10,000 joules; the borehole acquisition module comprises: a first microseismic sensor installed in the borehole, the first microseismic sensor being used to collect vibration signals in the borehole; the underground acquisition module comprises: a second microseismic sensor, a ground sound sensor and a multifunctional microseismic sensor being installed underground; the second microseismic sensor being used to collect underground vibration signals at the location of the second microseismic sensor; the ground sound sensor being used to collect underground ground sound signals at the location of the ground sound sensor ; The multifunctional microseismic sensor is used to collect the underground vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor, and send the underground vibration signal at the location of the second microseismic sensor, the underground ground sound signal at the location of the ground sound sensor and the underground vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor to the service display module; the service display module is used to provide timing and network services to the mine seismometer, the drilling acquisition module and the underground acquisition module; the service display module is also used to display the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal in real time; the service display module is also used to perform real-time analysis and monitoring of the coal mine mining working face based on the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal. The technical solution proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure solves the problem of inconsistent energy, frequency, and event judgment standards for vibration signals of different types of disasters in coal mine complex disaster monitoring. The same standard is combined with the installation method and installation position of the equipment to process different types of vibration signals such as mine earthquakes, micro-earthquakes, and ground sounds, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy of the system.

[0048] A vibration field monitoring system for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a vibration field monitoring system for coal mine complex disaster early warning provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the system includes: a mine seismometer 1, a drilling acquisition module 2, an underground acquisition module 3 and a service display module 4.

[0051] The mine earthquake instrument 1 includes: a three-component low-frequency mine earthquake sensor 1-1 installed on the ground of the coal mine, and the three-component low-frequency mine earthquake sensor 1-1 is used to collect large-energy microseismic signals and mine earthquake signals occurring underground on the ground of the coal mine; wherein the large energy is 10,000 joules.

[0052] The borehole acquisition module 2 includes: a first microseismic sensor 2-1 installed in the borehole, and the first microseismic sensor 2-1 is used to collect vibration signals in the borehole.

[0053] The downhole acquisition module 3 includes: a second microseismic sensor 3-1, a geoacoustic sensor 3-2 and a multifunctional microseismic sensor 3-3 installed downhole; the second microseismic sensor 3-1 is used to collect the downhole vibration signal at the location of the second microseismic sensor 3-1; the geoacoustic sensor 3-2 is used to collect the downhole geoacoustic signal at the location of the geoacoustic sensor 3-2; the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3-3 is used to collect the downhole vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3-3, and send the downhole vibration signal at the location of the second microseismic sensor 3-1, the downhole geoacoustic signal at the location of the geoacoustic sensor 3-2 and the downhole vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3-3 to the service display module 4.

[0054] The service display module 4 is used to provide timing and network services to the mine seismometer 1 , the drilling acquisition module 2 , and the downhole acquisition module 3 .

[0055] The service display module 4 is further configured to display the high-energy microseismic signal, the mining seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the downhole vibration signal, and the downhole ground sound signal in real time.

[0056] The service display module 4 is further used to perform real-time analysis and monitoring of the coal mine mining face based on the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine vibration signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal.

[0057] It should be noted that there may be multiple mine seismic analyzers 1.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG2 , the service display module 4 includes: a timing satellite 4-1, a network time server 4-2, a ground data acquisition server 4-3, a switch 4-4, a client 4-5 and a 4G / 5G base station 4-6.

[0059] The timing satellite 4 - 1 is used to provide a satellite signal time source for timing to the mine seismometer 1 and the drilling acquisition module 2 .

[0060] The network time server 4 - 2 is a network signal time source that provides timing to the downhole acquisition module 3 .

[0061] The ground data acquisition server 4-3 is used to receive the high-energy microseismic signals, the mine seismic signals, the vibration signals in the borehole, the underground vibration signals and the underground ground sound signals sent by the mine seismometer 1, the borehole acquisition module 2 and the underground acquisition module 3.

[0062] The switch 4-4 is used to implement network timing based on the IEE1588 protocol.

[0063] The client 4 - 5 is used to display the high-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the downhole vibration signal and the downhole ground sound signal.

[0064] The client 4-5 is also used to analyze the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine vibration signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal to determine whether a coal mine disaster has occurred and the type of disaster.

[0065] The 4G / 5G base stations 4-6 are used to provide network for the mine seismometer 1, the drilling acquisition module 2, and the downhole acquisition module 3.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG2 , the mine seismograph 1 further includes: a first data acquisition unit 1 - 2 , a first data transceiver unit 1 - 3 , a first timing antenna 1 - 4 and a first timing module 1 - 5 .

[0067] The first data acquisition unit 1 - 2 is used to acquire the large-energy microseismic signal and the mining earthquake signal on the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor 1 - 1 .

[0068] The first data transceiver unit 1-3 is used to send the high-energy microseismic signal and the mining seismic signal to the ground data acquisition server 4-3.

[0069] The first timing antenna 1-4 is used to receive the satellite signal time source sent by the timing satellite.

[0070] The first timing module 1-5 is used to provide time information to the first data acquisition unit 1-2 based on the satellite signal time source.

[0071] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2 , the mine seismometer 1 further includes: a first lightning rod 1 - 6 , a first solar panel 1 - 7 , and a first battery-powered control unit 1 - 8 .

[0072] The first solar panel 1-7 is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and then transmit the electrical energy to the first battery-powered control unit 1-8.

[0073] The first battery-powered control unit 1-8 is used to provide power to the three-component low-frequency mining vibration sensor 1-1, the first data acquisition unit 1-2, the first data transceiver unit 1-3, the first timing antenna 1-4 and the first timing module 1-5.

[0074] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG2 , the vibration field monitoring system further includes: foundation piles 5;

[0075] The mine seismometer 1 is installed on the ground of the coal mine through the foundation pile 5 .

[0076] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG2 , the drilling acquisition module 2 further includes: a drilling ground acquisition instrument 2 - 2 and a first signal transmission cable 2 - 3 .

[0077] The drilling ground acquisition instrument 2-2 is used to collect the vibration signal in the borehole collected by the first microseismic sensor 2-1 through the first signal transmission cable 2-3, and send the vibration signal in the borehole to the ground data acquisition server 4-3.

[0078] Among them, the drilling ground acquisition instrument 2-2 includes: a second data acquisition unit 2-2-1, a second data transceiver unit 2-2-2, a second timing antenna 2-2-3, a second timing module 2-2-4, a second lightning rod 2-2-5, a second solar panel 2-2-6, and a second battery power supply control unit 2-2-7.

[0079] The installation of the first lightning rod 1-6 and the second lightning rod 2-2-5 can prevent equipment from being damaged by lightning.

[0080] The second solar panel 2-2-6 is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and then transmit the electrical energy to the second battery-powered control unit 2-2-7.

[0081] The second battery-powered control unit 2-2-7 is used to provide electrical energy to the first microseismic sensor 2-1, the drilling ground acquisition instrument 2-2, the second data acquisition unit 2-2-1, the second data transceiver unit 2-2-2, and the second timing module 2-2-4.

[0082] The second data acquisition unit 2-2-1 is used to collect the vibration signal in the borehole by the first microseismic sensor 2-1 and send the signal to the second data transceiver unit 2-2-2.

[0083] The second data transceiver unit 2-2-2 is used to send the vibration signal in the borehole to the ground data acquisition server 4-3 through the first signal transmission cable 2-3.

[0084] The second timing antenna 2-2-3 is used to receive the satellite signal time source sent by the timing satellite.

[0085] The second timing module 2-2-4 is used to provide time information to the second data acquisition unit 2-2-1 based on the satellite signal time source.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG2 , the underground acquisition module 3 further includes: a mine power supply 3 - 4 , a second signal transmission cable 3 - 5 and a mine data communication optical cable 3 - 6 .

[0087] The multifunctional microseismic sensor 3-3 is used to collect the downhole vibration signal collected by the second microseismic sensor 3-1 and the downhole ground sound signal collected by the ground sound sensor 3-2 through the second signal transmission cable 3-5, and transmit them to the ground data acquisition server 4-3 through the mine data communication optical cable 3-6.

[0088] The mining power supply 3 - 4 is used to provide electrical energy to the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3 - 3 , the second microseismic sensor 3 - 1 and the ground sound sensor 3 - 2 .

[0089] It should be noted that, as shown in FIG2 , the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3 - 3 includes: a three-component vibration sensor 3 - 3 - 1 , a first data acquisition card 3 - 3 - 2 , a second data acquisition card 3 - 3 - 3 , and a third timing module 3 - 3 - 4 .

[0090] The three-component vibration sensor 3-3-1 is used to collect the downhole vibration signal at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3-3.

[0091] The first data acquisition card 3-3-2 is used to collect vibration data from the three-component vibration sensor 3-3-1 and transmit the data to the ground data acquisition server 4-3 via the mine data communication optical cable 3-6.

[0092] The second data acquisition card 3-3-3 is used to collect the underground vibration signal collected by the second microseismic sensor 3-1 and the underground ground sound signal collected by the ground sound sensor 3-2, and transmit them to the ground data acquisition server 4-3 through the mine data communication optical cable 3-6.

[0093] The third timing module 3-3-4 is used to receive time information sent by the network time server 4-2 and send the time information to the first data acquisition card 3-3-2 and the second data acquisition card 3-3-3.

[0094] It should be noted that the second microseismic sensor 3 - 1 , the ground sound sensor 3 - 2 , and the multifunctional microseismic sensor 3 - 3 may be multiple.

[0095] It should be noted that when the second microseismic sensor 3 - 1 is installed in a main tunnel or a preparation tunnel of a coal mine, a vibration sensor with a main frequency of 4.5 or 14 Hz is used as the second microseismic sensor 3 - 1 .

[0096] When the second microseismic sensor 3 - 1 is installed in a working face mining tunnel or an excavation tunnel, a vibration sensor with a main frequency of 45 or 60 Hz is used as the second microseismic sensor 3 - 1 .

[0097] It should be noted that when monitoring the movement pattern of the overburden of the working face roof, a first microseismic sensor 2-1 or a second microseismic sensor 3-1 or a three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor 1-1 is installed every 50-100m in the two longitudinal grooves of the working face, and the coverage range of the first microseismic sensor 2-1 or the second microseismic sensor 3-1 or the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor 1-1 is the area 300-500m in front of the working face.

[0098] When monitoring the development of water-conducting fracture zones in the working face and the expansion patterns of hydraulic fractures, second microseismic sensors 3-1 with more than 8 channels are deployed within 100-200m of the monitoring area.

[0099] When monitoring the impact ground pressure of the coal mining working face, a first microseismic sensor 2-1 or a second microseismic sensor 3-1 or a three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor 1-1 is installed every 50-200m in the two longitudinal grooves of the working face, and the coverage range of the first microseismic sensor 2-1 or the second microseismic sensor 3-1 or the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor 1-1 is the stress concentration area in front of the working face.

[0100] When monitoring coal and gas outbursts and rock burst disasters at the tunneling working face, a geoacoustic sensor 3-2 is installed every 30-100m in the monitoring area, and the number of geoacoustic sensors 3-2 in the monitoring area is greater than or equal to 6.

[0101] Based on the installed device, vibration field monitoring for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines is carried out.

[0102] It should be noted that the vibration field monitoring system proposed in this embodiment can independently control each device in the system according to monitoring needs. Furthermore, during operation, the vibration field monitoring system can set up different monitoring zones for each device, depending on the working face, mining area, and mine, based on monitoring needs. For example, when monitoring geoacoustic noise at a tunneling face, geoacoustic sensors within 300 meters behind the working face are designated as one monitoring zone. When monitoring the roof and rock burst disasters at a coal mining face, microseismic sensors in both chute sections of the working face, the preparation tunnel, and multifunctional microseismic sensors installed in the main tunnel within a 1km radius are designated as one monitoring zone. The main tunnel, ground monitoring holes, and ground monitoring equipment are designated as one monitoring zone. The sensors and accessories, including microseismic and geoacoustic sensors, in monitoring holes for key areas such as underground water-conducting fissures and hydraulic fracturing fissures are designated as one monitoring zone. The determination of microseismic events in different monitoring zones is unaffected by channels in other locations, thus avoiding the interference of power cables in confined spaces on different channels during large-scale monitoring in underground coal mine tunnels. This reduces the number of interference events collected by the system, especially when monitoring low-energy events.

[0103] In summary, the vibration field monitoring system for coal mine complex disaster early warning proposed in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects: 1) It addresses the need for vibration monitoring for multiple types of disasters and complex disasters, including rock burst, roof collapse, water damage, and coal and gas outbursts. This solves the problem of requiring multiple sets of vibration field monitoring equipment to monitor different disasters in the same mine, or even requiring two or even three sets of vibration field monitoring equipment to monitor different disaster scenarios. 2) The system addresses the problem of varying energy levels, dominant frequencies, signal propagation distances, and sensor installation and placement methods for vibration signals such as mine earthquakes, microseismic events, and ground sounds. This solves the need for a vibration monitoring system to capture diverse vibration signals. 3) Using microseismic monitoring solutions to monitor mine water channels and hydraulic fracturing fracture expansion requires high system positioning accuracy. However, the available underground space limits equipment placement, resulting in low positioning accuracy, particularly in the Z direction. This system improves this problem by employing a combined monitoring approach involving surface, monitoring holes, and underground equipment. 4) The use of large-scale underground vibration monitoring to divide key monitoring areas, and the equipment in different areas is not correlated when judging microseismic events, to avoid the large-scale installation of equipment and the interference channels that are prone to appear in different areas, which will affect the judgment of microseismic events in key areas, especially the judgment of small energy events.

[0104] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0105] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.

[0106] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A vibration field monitoring system for early warning of complex disasters in coal mines, characterized in that: include: Mine seismometer, drilling acquisition module, underground acquisition module and service display module; The mine seismometer comprises: a three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor installed on the ground of the coal mine, the three-component low-frequency mine seismic sensor is used to collect large-energy microseismic signals and mine seismic signals occurring underground on the ground of the coal mine; wherein the large energy is 10,000 joules; The borehole acquisition module comprises: a first microseismic sensor installed in the borehole, the first microseismic sensor being used to acquire vibration signals in the borehole; The underground acquisition module includes: a second microseismic sensor, a geophone sensor and a multifunctional microseismic sensor installed underground; the second microseismic sensor is used to collect underground vibration signals at the location of the second microseismic sensor, based on the second microseismic sensor being installed in the main lane or preparation lane of the coal mine, a vibration sensor with a main frequency of 4.5 or 14 Hz is used as the second microseismic sensor, based on the second microseismic sensor being installed in the working face recovery lane or excavation lane, a vibration sensor with a main frequency of 45 or 60 Hz is used as the second microseismic sensor; the geophone sensor is used to collect underground geophone signals at the location of the geophone sensor; the multifunctional microseismic sensor is used to collect underground vibration signals at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor, and the underground vibration signals at the location of the second microseismic sensor, the underground geophone signals at the location of the geophone sensor and the underground vibration signals at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor are sent to the service display module; The service display module is used to provide timing and network services to the mine seismometer, the drilling acquisition module, and the underground acquisition module; The service display module is also used to display the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal in real time; The service display module is further used to perform real-time analysis and monitoring of the coal mining working face based on the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal; The service display module includes: a timing satellite, a network time server and a ground data acquisition server, wherein the timing satellite is used to provide a satellite signal time source for timing to the mine seismometer and the borehole acquisition module; the network time server is the same as the network signal time source for providing timing to the downhole acquisition module; the ground data acquisition server is used to receive the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the downhole vibration signal and the downhole ground sound signal sent by the mine seismometer, the borehole acquisition module and the downhole acquisition module; The drilling acquisition module further includes: a ground acquisition instrument for drilling and a first signal transmission cable, wherein the ground acquisition instrument for drilling is used to acquire the vibration signal in the borehole acquired by the first microseismic sensor through the first signal transmission cable, and send the vibration signal in the borehole to the ground data acquisition server; The underground acquisition module further includes: a mine power supply, a second signal transmission cable and a mine data communication optical cable; the multifunctional microseismic sensor is used to collect the underground vibration signal collected by the second microseismic sensor and the underground ground sound signal collected by the ground sound sensor through the second signal transmission cable, and transmit them to the ground data acquisition server through the mine data communication optical cable; the mine power supply is used to provide power to the multifunctional microseismic sensor, the second microseismic sensor and the ground sound sensor; The multifunctional microseismic sensor comprises: a three-component vibration sensor, a first data acquisition card, a second data acquisition card and a third timing module, wherein the three-component vibration sensor is used to collect underground vibration signals at the location of the multifunctional microseismic sensor; the first data acquisition card is used to collect vibration data of the three-component vibration sensor, and transmit the data to the ground data acquisition server through the mine data communication optical cable; the second data acquisition card is used to collect underground vibration signals collected by the second microseismic sensor and underground ground sound signals collected by the ground sound sensor, and transmit the data to the ground data acquisition server through the mine data communication optical cable; the third timing module is used to receive time information sent by a network time server, and send the time information to the first data acquisition card and the second data acquisition card; Based on the monitoring of the movement law of the overburden rock on the working face roof, a first microseismic sensor or a second microseismic sensor or a three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is installed every 50-100m in the two drifts of the working face, and the coverage range of the first microseismic sensor or the second microseismic sensor or the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is the area 300-500m in front of the working face; Based on the development of water-conducting fracture zones in the monitoring working face and the expansion law of hydraulic fracturing fractures, a second microseismic sensor with more than 8 channels is deployed within 100-200m near the monitoring area; Based on monitoring the rock burst of the coal mining working face, a first microseismic sensor or a second microseismic sensor or a three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is installed every 50-200m in the two drifts of the working face, and the coverage range of the first microseismic sensor or the second microseismic sensor or the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor is the stress concentration area in front of the working face; In order to monitor coal and gas outbursts and rock burst disasters at the excavation working face, a geoacoustic sensor is installed every 30-100m in the monitoring area, and the number of geoacoustic sensors in the monitoring area is greater than or equal to 6.

2. The vibration field monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The service display module also includes: a switch, a client and a 4G / 5G base station; The switch is used to implement network timing based on the IEE1588 protocol; The client is used to display the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine seismic signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal; The client is also used to analyze the large-energy microseismic signal, the mine earthquake signal, the vibration signal in the borehole, the underground vibration signal and the underground ground sound signal to determine whether a coal mine disaster occurs and the type of disaster; The 4G / 5G base station is used to provide network for the mine seismometer, the drilling collection module, and the underground collection module.

3. The vibration field monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mine seismometer also includes: a first data acquisition unit, a first data transceiver unit, a first timing antenna and a first timing module; The first data acquisition unit is used to acquire the large-energy microseismic signal and the mine earthquake signal on the three-component low-frequency mine earthquake sensor; The first data transceiver unit is used to send the large-energy microseismic signal and the mining seismic signal to the ground data acquisition server; The first timing antenna is used to receive a satellite signal time source sent by the timing satellite; The first timing module is used to provide time information to the first data acquisition unit based on the satellite signal time source.

4. The vibration field monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mine seismometer also includes: a first lightning rod, a first solar panel, and a first battery-powered control unit; The first solar panel is used to convert light energy into electrical energy, and then transmit the electrical energy to the first battery-powered control unit; The first battery powered control unit is used to provide electrical energy to the three-component low-frequency mining earthquake sensor, the first data acquisition unit, the first data transceiver unit, the first timing antenna and the first timing module.

5. The vibration field monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The vibration field monitoring system further includes: foundation piles; The mine seismometer is installed on the ground of the coal mine through the foundation piles.

6. The vibration field monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The ground acquisition instrument for drilling includes: a second data acquisition unit, a second data transceiver unit, a second timing antenna, a second timing module, a second lightning rod, a second solar panel, and a second battery power supply control unit.

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