System and method for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustion system (12) comprising at least one combustion chamber (10) for combusting a fuel using an oxidising agent, wherein combustion of the fuel, using pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen as the oxidising agent, into combustion exhaust gases is provided, wherein compression (4) and liquefying (5) of the combustion exhaust gases and subsequent collection (6) of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases are provided.

Description

[0001] System and method for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system

[0002] The invention relates to a combustion system, for example for an internal combustion engine, as well as an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system and a method for operating an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system and a method for operating a combustion system and the system for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation as well as a system for delivering and reusing liquefied combustion exhaust gas at filling stations or collection points for further processing.

[0003] Liquid fuels consist of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons. Ethanol, natural gas, and LPG are also hydrocarbons. When fuels are burned with atmospheric air, they produce not only carbon dioxide and water, but also harmful nitrogen oxides. Incomplete combustion can also produce carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.

[0004] The object of the invention is to prevent the emission of at least carbon dioxide during the combustion of fuels, for example during the operation of heat engines or heating systems, and at the same time to prevent the formation of nitrogen oxides, as well as to create a system for the delivery and reuse of liquefied combustion exhaust gases at filling stations or collection points for further processing, as well as a system for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation, thus minimizing the uncontrolled emission of combustion exhaust gases.

[0005] The invention achieves, as a first aspect in the specified application, that a combustion system is created comprising at least one combustion chamber for the combustion of a fuel with an oxidizing agent, wherein combustion of a fuel with pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen as the oxidizing agent to form combustion exhaust gases is provided, further comprising compression and liquefaction of the combustion exhaust gases and subsequent collection of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases. In this way, a clean combustion process is achieved besides carbon dioxide and water, without further emissions and without the formation of further compounds such as nitrogen oxides. The pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen introduced into the at least one combustion chamber promotes clean combustion to form carbon dioxide and water.

[0006] A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a combustion system, wherein a fuel and pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen are introduced into at least one combustion chamber, and the fuel is burned with the pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen to form combustion exhaust gases. The combustion exhaust gases are then fed to a compression stage and subsequently to a liquefaction stage as an expansion stage, so that compression and liquefaction occur one after the other, followed by collection of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases. Accordingly, it is ensured that no critical gaseous combustion exhaust gases leave the combustion system until the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases have been collected.

[0007] As a third aspect of the invention, an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system is provided, wherein the arrangement comprises an exhaust gas supply for a combustion exhaust gas from a combustion system, a dehumidification stage for the combustion exhaust gas, a pre-cooling stage for the combustion exhaust gas, a compression stage for the combustion exhaust gas, an expansion stage for the compressed combustion exhaust gas, which is also a liquefaction stage, and an exhaust gas collection tank for the expanded and liquefied combustion exhaust gas. The exhaust gas supply is connected upstream to an exhaust tract of the combustion system and downstream to the dehumidification stage. The dehumidification stage is connected downstream to the pre-cooling stage. The pre-cooling stage is connected downstream to the compression stage. The compression stage is connected downstream to the expansion stage. The expansion stage is connected downstream to the exhaust gas collection tank.The combustion exhaust gas is conducted from the combustion system through the exhaust gas supply, through the dehumidification stage, through the pre-cooling stage, through the compression stage, and finally through the expansion stage. The liquefied combustion exhaust gas is conducted from the expansion stage into the exhaust gas collection tank. The combustion exhaust gas liquefied in the expansion stage is collected in the exhaust gas collection tank.

[0008] Advantageously, an exhaust gas recirculation or venting connection from the exhaust gas collection tank can also be provided upstream of the pre-cooling or pre-cooling stage. This allows for the recirculation or venting of gaseous combustion exhaust gas from the exhaust gas collection tank, with the recirculated or vented gaseous combustion exhaust gas being coupled upstream of or before the pre-cooling or pre-cooling stage.

[0009] Advantageously, an intermediate cooling stage can be provided between the compression stage and the expansion stage, with the exhaust gas recirculation or venting connection passing through the intermediate cooling stage. This provides intermediate cooling of the compressed combustion exhaust gas from the compression stage to the expansion stage by the still-gaseous combustion exhaust gas recirculated or vented from the exhaust gas collection tank.

[0010] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system, the method comprising the following steps, namely feeding the combustion exhaust gases from an exhaust tract of a combustion chamber into an exhaust gas feed, dehumidifying the combustion exhaust gas in a dehumidification stage, pre-cooling the combustion exhaust gas in a pre-cooling stage, compressing the combustion exhaust gas in a compression stage, expanding the compressed combustion exhaust gas with phase change in an expansion stage, feeding the combustion exhaust gas liquefied by the phase change after expansion into an exhaust gas collection container.

[0011] The fifth aspect of the invention relates to a system for oxygen production or oxygen separation, wherein an oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement operating according to an MIEC process is present as a MIEC arrangement and the oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement is connected to a dehumidification stage, which also includes a water collection container or water tank connected to the dehumidification stage, and / or to a pre-cooling stage and / or to a compression stage and / or to an expansion stage of an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system and / or to the combustion system, wherein water vapor with oxygen-containing air is passed to a membrane of the oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement as a MIEC arrangement.

[0012] The oxygen for the combustion system can be stored in at least one oxygen tank or other suitable container or can be continuously obtained by means of the oxygen recovery system or oxygen separation system as an MIEC system.

[0013] A combustion system, for example in the form of an internal combustion engine, is understood to be any heat engine based on the principle of the internal combustion engine, in which an ignitable mixture of fuel and oxygen is burned in a combustion chamber.

[0014] Combustion systems as internal combustion engines in the form of combustion engines are used in vehicles such as motor vehicles, land vehicles, watercraft and also on or in stationary systems such as cogeneration plants or other stationary internal combustion engines.

[0015] Internal combustion engines represent a combustion system.

[0016] Heating systems that burn a fuel with oxygen in a combustion chamber to generate heat are also considered combustion systems. For the sake of simplicity, however, the term "fuel" is also used as a synonym for "combustion fuel," without making a distinction.

[0017] Accordingly, the combustion system according to the invention, comprising at least one combustion chamber, method for operating a combustion system, the arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system and the method according to the invention for operating an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system and the system for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation are also suitable for use in and for operating stationary heating systems as a combustion system, without expressly referring to this in the following.

[0018] When the internal combustion engine or heating system is operating, which can each also be understood as a combustion system, pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen is supplied according to the invention in addition to the fuel, for example gasoline, gas, ethanol or diesel. This results in comprehensive, more energetically efficient combustion, since no nitrogen contained in the ambient air enters the combustion chamber and there are no temperature- or weather-related oxygen fluctuations. In addition, reactions with the nitrogen from the ambient air and thus nitrogen oxides can be avoided. The amount of oxygen required for combustion can be precisely adjusted when using pure oxygen. The oxygen is taken, for example, from oxygen cylinders carried or stored in the car or from corresponding oxygen tanks. Using, for example, eight oxygen cylinders of 50 liters each with a pressure of p = 200 bar and 50 liters of gasoline, a distance of approximately 1000km can be covered.

[0019] The invention comprises a novel system as a combustion system for vehicles in which CO2 emissions and possibly other exhaust gases from the combustion process are captured, liquefied and delivered to filling stations for further processing.

[0020] In the advantageous system for the delivery and further use of liquefied combustion exhaust gas at filling stations or collection points for further processing, the resulting combustion exhaust gas, which is produced by the fuel combusted with oxygen by means of the method according to the invention for operating a combustion system comprising at least one combustion chamber and by the combustion exhaust gas liquefied by means of the method according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system, is pumped or conveyed from a collection tank into a large tank and an industrial further processing of the liquefied combustion exhaust gas is provided.

[0021] This system is an alternative to conventional batteries in electric vehicles. The combustion system, with a combustion engine, drives a power generator (e.g., with a voltage of U=800V). This allows motor vehicles to be powered by gasoline-electric, ethanol-electric, diesel-electric, or gas-electric fuels without generating combustion exhaust emissions.

[0022] The combustion exhaust gases, in particular CO2, which arise after a combustion process of liquid or gaseous fuel as well as water and any remaining oxygen, are prepared by the system, liquefied and collected in a suitable gas or exhaust gas collection container, for example a pressure vessel, stored and then industrially recycled, converted or directly reused.

[0023] By inducing a phase change of the combustion gases after the combustion process, the combustion gases can be further processed in liquefied form.

[0024] This phase change is achieved by means of an intake element, high-pressure pump, reduction valve, and heat exchanger. The liquefied combustion exhaust gases are collected in a gas or exhaust gas collection tank, which serves as a pressure vessel for further processing.

[0025] This prevents unwanted gases from the combustion exhaust from entering the environment uncontrolled. The splitting or separation of the liquefied combustion exhaust gases takes place in industrial plants.

[0026] With this system, fuel is burned with oxygen in an engine, whereby injection via carburettor is also possible, with immediate and complete discharge of the combustion exhaust gas or the combustion exhaust gas into the system with liquefaction of the combustion exhaust gas and storage and further use of the liquefied combustion exhaust gas.

[0027] The combustion system uses fuel such as gasoline, diesel, ethanol, or gas, such as natural gas or LPG, and pure oxygen as an oxidizer. The oxygen is taken from onboard oxygen cylinders or oxygen tanks.

[0028] The combustion exhaust gases produced are primarily CO2, water vapor, and possibly oxygen. The water vapor is separated as water by condensation while the vehicle is moving, or is separated as water or as water vapor by another process or device. The separated water can be collected or captured and returned to the combustion process. It can also be collected and released at a later time or continuously in a controlled manner, or collected for further processing, for example, industrial processing. The harmless water vapor is released into the environment.

[0029] The resulting CO2 is continuously liquefied while the car is driving and stored in the liquid state or liquid phase.

[0030] The addition of pure oxygen to the combustion process enables faster oxidation or combustion of the fuel, resulting in more powerful or intense, and thus hotter, combustion and increased power. Using a water atomizer to spray or atomize water droplets into the engine's combustion chamber lowers the temperature in the combustion chamber and slows the combustion rate. Furthermore, the heat of combustion caused by the formation of water vapor increases the volume of water vapor in the combustion chamber, increasing the pressure in the combustion chamber and thus also increasing power.

[0031] A computer-controlled control loop controls the dosage of pure oxygen and the amount of water in the form of water droplets or water mist to ensure stable combustion while maximizing efficiency.

[0032] This is a new technological solution for a motor vehicle propulsion system, based on electricity, using a combustion system with an internal combustion engine and a generator connected to or driven by it. Energy efficiency and sustainability are significantly improved compared to conventional combustion engines because nitrogen is no longer fed into the system. This eliminates the need to heat up the nitrogen that is no longer needed for nothing. Nitrogen oxides can be avoided. The system, with the same power as a conventional internal combustion engine as a combustion system, can be built smaller because a higher energy density is achieved in the combustion chamber.

[0033] The energy generated during a vehicle's descent by the drive motors, which then act as generators, can be stored or used to power a compressor for the adiabatic compression of the CO2 exhaust gases, driven, for example, by an electric motor. Alternatively or additionally, the compressor can also be driven directly by the combustion system as an internal combustion engine or by the generator connected to the internal combustion engine.

[0034] The process for processing the combustion gases generated by the combustion system is divided into the following steps:

[0035] Combustion exhaust gas collection and at least optional cleaning: The exhaust gases emitted from the combustion chamber are collected and cleaned of moisture and, if necessary, contaminants such as solid particles.

[0036] Cooling and liquefaction: The compressed combustion exhaust gases are cooled using the well-known Linde process, whereby they are converted into a liquid state or into the liquid phase.

[0037] Recovery and reuse is planned optionally or additionally: At specially equipped filling stations, the liquefied combustion gases can be extracted and integrated into the economic cycle. This enables their sustainable reuse, for example, as fuel or in industrial processes.

[0038] For processing the combustion exhaust gases generated by the combustion system, the following design solution or components are preferred. For example, the vehicle has a special tank for storing the liquefied CO2 at low temperature and high pressure. This allows the liquefied CO2 to be transferred to a large tank at the gas station while the vehicle's gasoline tank is being filled. The large tank at the gas station can have a considerable capacity and is emptied and processed at regular intervals. This clean technology offers the same level of autonomy as electric cars.

[0039] During further processing, the liquefied CO2 can be separated into oxygen and carbon in various processes. The resulting pure carbon is formed into compressed briquettes. The oxygen can be released into the environment.

[0040] The required oxygen can preferably be carried or stored in oxygen cylinders.

[0041] However, oxygen can alternatively or additionally be continuously generated in an oxygen extraction or oxygen separation process. This continuously generated oxygen can be fed directly to the combustion process. The continuously generated oxygen can also be fed indirectly to the combustion process by intermediate storage after the oxygen extraction or oxygen separation process. Intermediate storage can, for example, be carried out in a pressure vessel, preferably without a phase change.

[0042] Furthermore, it can be provided that pressure adjustment or pressure stabilization takes place before or for the supply of the continuously generated oxygen to the combustion process, depending on the existing and / or necessary pressure, for example by means of a pump or a compressor or a throttling device.

[0043] The oxygen extraction process or oxygen separation process can be carried out, for example, by means of a MIEC process and / or a MIEC arrangement.

[0044] Accordingly, a fifth aspect of the invention comprises a system for oxygen production or oxygen separation, wherein an oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement operating according to an MIEC process is present as a MIEC arrangement and the oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement is connected to a dehumidification stage and / or to a pre-cooling stage and / or to a compression stage and / or to an expansion stage of the system according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system, wherein water vapor is generated and the generated water vapor is passed with oxygen-containing air to a membrane of the oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement as a MIEC arrangement.

[0045] During continuous oxygen production, oxygen is continuously extracted from the intake air or ambient air of the vehicle or an object with an internal combustion engine, or at the location of the internal combustion engine, in each case as a combustion system. Instead of supplying oxygen from an oxygen cylinder, an oxygen storage tank, or an oxygen tank, possibly with a phase change, the oxygen is generated in or on the vehicle or at the location of the internal combustion engine as a combustion system.

[0046] This separates oxygen from the air.

[0047] This is achieved, for example, using MIEC (Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor) membranes. These special membranes are the core of the technology. They enable the selective separation of oxygen from the air. This means they can separate oxygen molecules from other air components. Unlike conventional processes that use electrical energy, this project relies exclusively on thermal energy. A special method for recovering and utilizing thermal energy is used to keep heat requirements as low as possible. This is made possible by the operating principle of thermosiphons and heat pipes.

[0048] The process involves the evaporation of water, in which water is heated to generate water vapor. The generated water vapor, along with the oxygen-containing air, is passed to the membrane, which is based on the principle of mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) technology. This membrane enables the selective transport and thus the removal of oxygen. Condensation then occurs. The water vapor is cooled and condenses back into liquid water.

[0049] The innovative aspect of this process lies in heat recovery and utilization. Thermosiphon and heat pipe technology are used to efficiently control evaporation, circulation, and condensation. The heat released during condensation is specifically used to support the evaporation process, thus minimizing energy loss. The waste heat generated during the combustion process in the internal combustion engine as a combustion system and / or the waste heat generated for storing combustion exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine as a combustion system can be used directly or indirectly for the MIEC process or MIEC system. This increases efficiency.

[0050] Furthermore, the separated water vapor or water from the process for storing combustion exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine as a combustion system can be fed directly to the MIEC process or the MIEC arrangement.

[0051] The design of the membrane, the number of dedicated membranes and a scaled operation of at least one MIEC arrangement or membrane depends on the amount of oxygen required for the combustion process.

[0052] These membranes are stable against water vapor and have a special geometry to enable the efficient transport of oxygen.

[0053] The solution described makes it possible to revolutionize oxygen production, which is typically based on electrical energy, by using thermal energy as the primary power source. The use of heat recovery technologies enables greater efficiency and lower energy consumption.

[0054] The MIEC process and / or MIEC arrangement can also be used to store oxygen, preferably in liquefied form, for later use in vehicles or stationary systems in oxygen cylinders, oxygen tanks, or pressure accumulators. A compression system may be required if necessary.

[0055] Particularly in or on stationary systems with an internal combustion engine as the combustion system, as well as for decentralized production and storage for later use in vehicles, or in or on stationary systems, oxygen extraction or oxygen separation using conventional oxygen generators can be considered as an alternative or in addition. The oxygen extracted or separated by oxygen generators can be filled or stored in liquefied form in steel cylinders or in gaseous form in pressure vessels. The extracted or separated oxygen can also be filled into vehicle oxygen tanks or oxygen cylinders.

[0056] These generators use physical chemical processes to extract and purify oxygen from the surrounding air.

[0057] The extracted or separated oxygen can also be filled into special steel cylinders. These cylinders are used to safely store and transport the oxygen without it coming into contact with the ambient air, as oxygen is highly reactive.

[0058] The bottled or stored oxygen is used to fill the built-in tanks or oxygen cylinders of vehicles.

[0059] However, oxygen can also be used from an oxygen cylinder or an oxygen storage or an oxygen tank, possibly with a phase change, if necessary.

[0060] Regardless of the respective aspect of the invention, a control system is advantageously provided that records and monitors all necessary parameters, such as pressure, temperature, moisture content, fill levels, volume flows, gas compositions, saturations, consumption, and / or yields. The control system can also issue alarms in the event of deviations or bottlenecks.

[0061] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are presented in the subclaims.

[0062] By providing or introducing gasoline, diesel, ethanol or gas as fuel into at least one combustion chamber in the combustion system or process, clean combustion to carbon dioxide and water is promoted.

[0063] By injecting or atomizing water or steam into the combustion chamber during fuel combustion, or by additionally injecting or spraying or atomizing water or steam into at least one combustion chamber during the combustion system, combustion is promoted and the combustion temperature is influenced. The heat development during combustion can be controlled accordingly. Furthermore, heat engines or internal combustion engines can achieve an increase in performance because the water evaporates during fuel combustion, increasing in volume. The efficiency of combustion and of the internal combustion engine can be increased.

[0064] Since the pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen can be supplied to the combustion system from an oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement or from a system for the oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement, the provision of complex or extensive oxygen storage facilities can be dispensed with or the provision of these can be reduced to at least a necessary minimum.

[0065] By dehumidifying the combustion exhaust gases before compression and / or liquefaction in the combustion system, or by dehumidifying the combustion exhaust gases before compression and / or liquefaction in the process, the compression and liquefaction process becomes more reliable. Furthermore, icing or water inclusions are avoided.

[0066] By collecting the compressed and liquefied combustion gases in an exhaust gas collection tank, the combustion system can operate without emissions for extended periods. The release of the compressed and liquefied combustion gases is prevented.

[0067] By providing a system for transferring or emptying the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases from a filled exhaust gas collection tank to a large tank, the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases can be fed into a subsequent process or controlled further processing. Likewise, the exhaust gas collection tank can remain in the vehicle or on-site and, once filled, does not need to be dismantled for emptying.

[0068] By emptying the filled exhaust gas collection container into a large tank in the combustion system, the combustion system or the method for operating a combustion system as well as the arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system or the method for operating an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system can be operated or used continuously without having to be stopped or interrupted for emptying the large tank.

[0069] Advantageously, the pre-cooling or pre-cooling stage comprises a cooling circuit as an evaporator, with the cooling circuit having an air-to-coolant heat exchanger so that the combustion exhaust gas is cooled for compression using ambient air or airstream in a resource-saving manner, thus enabling subsequent compression to be more energy-efficient. The pre-cooling or pre-cooling stage forms the evaporator of the cooling circuit.

[0070] Advantageously, the exhaust gas supply is part of the exhaust tract, or the exhaust gas supply is the exhaust tract, or the exhaust tract merges into the exhaust gas supply. This simplifies the design.

[0071] By having the dehumidification stage with a water separation or water vapor separation, the water or water vapor can be directly removed, collected or discharged.

[0072] By arranging the dehumidification stage as a passive or active water separation or water vapor separation, dehumidification can be promoted and improved.

[0073] By connecting the dehumidification stage to the ambient atmosphere or to a water collection container or tank, the water vapor or water can be discharged directly. Collection in a dedicated container or tank is not necessary.

[0074] By providing a connection to an oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement in the arrangement, wherein the oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement is connected to the dehumidification stage and / or is thermally connected to the pre-cooling stage and / or to the compression stage and / or to the expansion stage, the energy efficiency can be increased by utilizing waste heat for the recovery or separation of oxygen.

[0075] By performing dehumidification as water separation or water vapor separation in the process, the dehumidification and subsequent compression as well as the expansion of the combustion exhaust gas are promoted and simplified.

[0076] By using natural condensation for dehumidification, efficiency is increased. By using active condensation for dehumidification, dehumidification is accelerated and more controllable.

[0077] By cleaning the combustion exhaust gas during the process, solid particles in particular can be removed. Contaminants can also be eliminated. Cleaning preferably takes place during or after the dehumidification stage, preferably before the compression stage. However, cleaning can also take place after the expansion stage in the liquefied exhaust gas. Oily or oil-containing contaminants can also be removed by cleaning the combustion exhaust gas.

[0078] By providing for fractionation and / or partial or boiling point-selective evaporation of the liquefied combustion exhaust gas in the system for the discharge and further use of liquefied combustion exhaust gas, any gaseous impurities or foreign gases present in the combustion exhaust gas can be removed.

[0079] By providing for purification of the liquefied or vaporised combustion exhaust gas in the system for the discharge and further use of liquefied combustion exhaust gas, the efficiency of liquefaction and the quality of the combustion exhaust gas to be liquefied are promoted.

[0080] Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail below. They show:

[0081] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a circuit for the arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system, Fig. 2a to 2c are different perspectives of a schematic representation of an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system in a vehicle, wherein a combustion system comprising at least one combustion chamber for burning a fuel with an oxidizing agent is used, and Fig. 3a and 3b are different perspectives of a schematic representation of an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system, wherein the combustion system is used with at least one combustion chamber for burning a fuel with an oxidizing agent and an oxygen production arrangement operating according to an MIEC process is provided.

[0082] The arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system 12, as shown in Figure 1 as a schematic representation of a circuit, initially comprises an exhaust gas supply 1 for a combustion exhaust gas from a combustion system 12. The exhaust gas supply 1 is connected upstream to an exhaust tract 11 of the combustion system 12. Advantageously, the exhaust gas supply 1 is part of the exhaust tract 11. Alternatively, the exhaust gas supply 1 can be the exhaust tract 11, or the exhaust tract 11 can merge into the exhaust gas supply 1. The combustion system 12 can be a heat engine, such as an internal combustion engine, or a heating system. Furthermore, a dehumidification stage 2 for the combustion exhaust gas is provided, which is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas supply 1, into and through which the combustion exhaust gas from the exhaust gas supply 1 is passed in order to remove the water content produced during combustion.Dehumidification stage 2 has a water separation or.

[0083] Water vapor separation occurs. Dehumidification stage 2, as water separation or water vapor separation, can be passive or active. Dehumidification stage 2 is advantageously connected to a water collection container 17 or a water tank 17 so that the separated water can be collected and reused.

[0084] It can be provided that dehumidification stage 2 is connected to the ambient atmosphere so that the water is immediately released into the environment regardless of its state of aggregation.

[0085] Furthermore, downstream of the dehumidification stage 2, a pre-cooling stage 3 in the form of a heat exchanger for the combustion exhaust gas is provided. The combustion exhaust gas dehumidified in the dehumidification stage 2 is passed to the pre-cooling stage 3 and cooled. The pre-cooling stage 3 is connected downstream to the compression stage 4, in which the combustion exhaust gas is compressed. The pre-cooling stage 3 comprises a cooling circuit 7, which includes a condenser 14 as an air-to-coolant heat exchanger 14, a pump 15, and a throttle valve 16. The pre-cooling stage 3 forms the evaporator 3 of the cooling circuit 7.

[0086] Furthermore, intermediate cooling 8 of the compressed and thus heated combustion exhaust gas is provided, for which purpose a heat exchanger is provided downstream of the compression stage 4, through which cold but gaseous combustion exhaust gas is passed in countercurrent. Downstream of the compression stage 4 and the intermediate cooling 8, a pressure relief valve 9 is arranged, which only allows the compressed combustion exhaust gas to pass through when a predetermined pressure is reached. Downstream of the compression stage 4, the intermediate cooling, and the pressure relief valve 9, an expansion stage 5 as an isenthalpic throttling 5 for expanding and liquefying the compressed combustion exhaust gas into liquid exhaust gas is provided. Downstream of the expansion stage 5, the expansion stage 5 as an isenthalpic throttling 5, an exhaust gas collection tank 6 for the expanded and liquefied combustion exhaust gas is provided.Accordingly, the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion system 12 can be conducted through the exhaust gas supply 1, through the dehumidification stage 2, further through the pre-cooling stage 3, further through the compression stage 4 and further through into the expansion stage 5, so that the liquefied combustion exhaust gas from the expansion stage 5 can be conducted into the exhaust gas collection tank 6.

[0087] The arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system 12 can provide a connection to an oxygen recovery arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20 (not shown). This advantageously allows the waste heat from at least the combustion system 12 and the compression stage 4 to be used for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation. Advantageously, the dehumidification stage 2 is connected to the oxygen recovery arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20, so that the water separated by dehumidification can also be used for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation. Accordingly, a system according to the invention for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation is provided (not shown), wherein an oxygen recovery arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20 operating according to an MIEC method described above is present as the MIEC arrangement 20.The oxygen recovery assembly 20 or oxygen separation assembly 20 is connected to a dehumidification stage 2 and / or a pre-cooling stage 3 and / or a compression stage 4 and / or an expansion stage 5 of an assembly for storing combustion exhaust gases from a combustion system 12, wherein water vapor is generated, and the generated water vapor is passed with oxygen-containing air to a membrane of the MIEC assembly 20 of the oxygen recovery assembly 20 or oxygen separation assembly 20. Accordingly, the waste heat from the dehumidification stage 2 and / or the pre-cooling stage 3 and / or the compression stage 4 and / or the expansion stage 5 and / or the combustion system 12 itself can be fed to the oxygen recovery assembly 20 or oxygen separation assembly 20 and used to generate water vapor.The water vapor or water separated by the dehumidification stage 2 is fed to the oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement.

[0088] Furthermore, the arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12 can be operated using the method according to the invention. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps. First, the combustion exhaust gases from the combustion of a fuel with pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen are fed from an exhaust tract 11 of a combustion chamber 10 of the combustion system 12 into an exhaust gas feed 1 of the arrangement. Subsequently, the combustion exhaust gas is dehumidified in a dehumidification stage 2, wherein water contained in the combustion exhaust gas is removed, with the dehumidification taking place as water separation or water vapor separation. Dehumidification can take place through natural condensation or active condensation. The removed water is collected or released into the atmosphere. In the next step, the combustion exhaust gas is precooled in a precooling stage 3.For pre-cooling, a cooling circuit 7 is provided, which is coupled to the pre-cooling stage 3. After pre-cooling of the combustion exhaust gas in the pre-cooling stage 3, the combustion exhaust gas is compressed in a compression stage 4. After the compression stage 6, intermediate cooling 8 takes place. The next step then involves expanding the compressed combustion exhaust gas with a phase change in an expansion stage 5 or liquefaction stage 5 as isenthalpic throttling 5 to form a liquefied combustion exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas, liquefied after expansion by the phase change, is fed via an expansion line 25 to an exhaust gas collection tank 6 and collected or stored.For the intermediate cooling 8, the combustion exhaust gas compressed by the compression stage 4 is cooled by means of the remaining or formed gaseous combustion exhaust gas returned from the exhaust gas collection tank 6 via an exhaust gas recirculation 13 or compensation line 13.

[0089] Advantageously, the combustion exhaust gas is cleaned in the dehumidification area or after it, preferably before the compression stage, so that in particular solid particles or other contaminants are removed.

[0090] The embodiment, as shown in different perspectives in Figs. 2a to 2c, schematically shows an arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12 according to the invention in a vehicle, wherein a combustion system 12, for example an internal combustion engine, is used with at least one combustion chamber 10 for burning a fuel with an oxidizing agent.

[0091] The combustion system 12 according to the invention, for example, an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprises at least one combustion chamber 10 for the combustion of a fuel, for example, gasoline, diesel, ethanol, or gas with an oxidizing agent. The fuel flows from a fuel tank 23 via a fuel line 23a to the internal combustion engine 12 as the combustion system 12 and there into the combustion chamber 10. The fuel tank 23 can be refueled or filled with fuel via a fuel filling device 23b. The combustion of the fuel to produce combustion exhaust gases is provided with pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen as the oxidizing agent. Accordingly, the oxygen is present and stored in three interconnected oxygen tanks 21, as shown in Figures 2a to 2c. An oxygen line 21a leads from the oxygen tanks 21 to the internal combustion engine 12 as the combustion system 12 and there into the combustion chamber 10.The three interconnected oxygen tanks 21 can be refueled or filled via an oxygen filling unit 21b. The oxygen can also be stored in other suitable containers. Furthermore, the oxygen can be continuously produced using an oxygen recovery or oxygen separation system (not shown) with an MIEC arrangement 20 (not shown).

[0092] The combustion system 12 according to the invention further provides for compression 4 and liquefaction 5 of the combustion exhaust gases and subsequent collection 6 of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases in an exhaust gas collection container 6, as described in more detail above for the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12 and for the method according to the invention for operating the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12.

[0093] Advantageously, a dehumidification 2 of the combustion exhaust gases is provided before the compression 4 and / or before the liquefaction 5, as is also described in more detail above for the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12 and for the method according to the invention for operating the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12

[0094] The combustion system 12 further provides for water injection or water atomization or water vapor injection or water vapor introduction into the combustion chamber 10 during fuel combustion. The water can be the water obtained by dehumidification 2, which can be stored, for example, in a water collection container 17 or water tank 17. A water line 24 leads from the corresponding water collection container 17 or water tank 17 to the internal combustion engine 12 as the combustion system 12 and there into the combustion chamber 10. Likewise, the water can also be tanked separately and stored in a water collection container (not shown).

[0095] The combustion system 12 provides for transferring or emptying the collection 6 of compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases from a filled exhaust gas collection tank 6 to a large tank, so that demand-based emptying and further use of the liquefied combustion exhaust gases is possible or facilitated. Accordingly, a drain connection 18 is provided on the exhaust gas collection tank 6. Furthermore, a control system 22 is provided, which records and monitors all necessary parameters, such as pressure, temperature, moisture content, fill levels and volume flows, as well as gas compositions or saturations, as well as consumption and yields.

[0096] The embodiment, as shown in different perspectives in Figs. 3a and 3b, schematically shows an arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12, comprising at least one combustion chamber for burning a fuel with an oxidizing agent, which comprises an oxygen recovery arrangement operating according to an MIEC process.

[0097] The combustion system 12 according to the invention, for example a heating system or an internal combustion engine as the drive motor of a motor vehicle or combined heat and power plant or a ship, comprises at least one combustion chamber 10 for the combustion of a fuel, for example gasoline, diesel, ethanol, or gas with an oxidizing agent. The fuel flows from a fuel tank 23 via a fuel line 23a to the internal combustion engine 12 in the combustion system 12 and there into the combustion chamber 10. The fuel tank 23 can be refueled or filled with fuel via a fuel filling device 23b. The combustion of the fuel to produce combustion exhaust gases is provided with pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen as the oxidizing agent. Accordingly, the oxygen is present and stored in three interconnected oxygen tanks 21, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b.An oxygen line 21a leads from the oxygen tanks 21 to the internal combustion engine 12 in the combustion system 12 and there into the combustion chamber 10. The three interconnected oxygen tanks 21 can be refueled or filled via an oxygen filling device 21b. The oxygen can also be stored in other suitable containers. Furthermore, the oxygen can be continuously obtained by means of an oxygen extraction or oxygen separation system, such as an oxygen extraction arrangement 20 or an oxygen separation arrangement 20 in the form of an MIEC arrangement 20. Accordingly, the combustion system 12 comprises an oxygen extraction arrangement 20 or an oxygen separation arrangement 20 in the form of an MIEC arrangement 20.

[0098] For the operation of the MIEC-based

[0099] Oxygen recovery arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20 in the form of an MIEC arrangement 20, the system for oxygen recovery or oxygen separation provides that the oxygen recovery arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20 is connected to a water collection container 17 or water tank 17 connected to the dehumidification stage 2 and to the combustion system 12, wherein water vapor is generated from the collected water of the dehumidification stage 2 and with the waste heat of the combustion system 12 and the generated water vapor is passed with oxygen-containing air to a membrane [not shown] of the oxygen recovery arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20 as a MIEC arrangement 20 and the oxygen is fed to the combustion system 12 and there into the combustion chamber 10 for the combustion of the fuel.Accordingly, a water line 24 is provided from the water collection container 17 or water tank 17 connected to the dehumidification stage 2 to the oxygen extraction arrangement 20 or oxygen separation arrangement 20 as MIEC arrangement 20. Likewise, the water can also be tanked separately and stored in a water collection container [not shown] for the MIEC process.

[0100] It may also be provided that water injection or water atomization or water vapor injection or water vapor introduction into the combustion chamber 10 is provided during fuel combustion [not shown]. The water required for this can be the water collected from dehumidification stage 2 or water from a separate tank.

[0101] The combustion system 12 according to the invention also provides for compression 4 and liquefaction 5 of the combustion exhaust gases and subsequent collection 6 of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases in an exhaust gas collection container 6, as described in more detail above for the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12 and for the method according to the invention for operating the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12.

[0102] Advantageously, a dehumidification 2 of the combustion exhaust gases is also provided before the compression 4 and / or before the liquefaction 5, as also described above for the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system 12 and for the method according to the invention for operating the arrangement according to the invention for storing combustion exhaust gases of a

[0103] Combustion system 12 is described in more detail

[0104] The combustion system 12 further provides for a transfer or emptying of the collection 6 of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases from a filled exhaust gas collection container 6 to a large tank, so that an emptying as required and further use of the liquefied combustion exhaust gases is possible or promoted.

[0105] Furthermore, a control system 22 is also provided, which records and monitors all necessary parameters, such as pressure, temperature, moisture content, fill levels and volume flows as well as gas compositions or saturations, but also consumption and yields.

[0106] The system for the delivery and reuse of liquefied combustion exhaust gas at filling stations or collection points for further processing provides for the combustion exhaust gas produced by the fuel combusted with pure or nitrogen-free oxygen to be pumped or conveyed from an exhaust gas collection container 6 into a large tank, and for industrial further processing of the liquefied combustion exhaust gas. This involves fractionation and / or partial or boiling-point-selective evaporation of the liquefied combustion exhaust gas so that it can be further processed as needed. Purification of the liquefied or evaporated combustion exhaust gas is advantageously provided.

[0107] Summary of reference symbols

[0108] 1 - Exhaust gas supply

[0109] 2 - Dehumidification level, dehumidification

[0110] 3 - Pre-cooling stage, evaporator

[0111] 4 - Compression level, compression

[0112] 5 - Expansion stage, liquefaction, liquefaction stage, isenthalpic throttling

[0113] 6 - Exhaust gas collection tank, collection of combustion gases

[0114] 7 - Cooling circuit

[0115] 8 - Intermediate cooling

[0116] 9 - Pressure relief valve

[0117] 10 - Combustion chamber

[0118] 11 - Exhaust system

[0119] 12 - Combustion system, combustion engine

[0120] 13 - Exhaust gas recirculation, equalization line

[0121] 14 - Air-coolant heat exchanger, condenser

[0122] 15 - Pump

[0123] 16 - Throttle valve

[0124] 17 - Water collection tank, water tank

[0125] 18 - Drain connection

[0126] 20 - MIEC arrangement, oxygen recovery arrangement, oxygen separation arrangement

[0127] 21 - Oxygen tank

[0128] 21a - Oxygen line

[0129] 21b - Oxygen filling

[0130] 22 - Control

[0131] 23 - Fuel tank

[0132] 23a - Fuel line

[0133] 23b - Fuel filling

[0134] 24 - Water pipe

[0135] 25 - Relaxation line

Claims

Patent claims 1. Combustion system (12), comprising at least one combustion chamber (10) for the combustion of a fuel with an oxidizing agent, characterized in that combustion of the fuel with pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen as oxidizing agent to form combustion exhaust gases is provided, that compression (4) and liquefaction (5) of the combustion exhaust gases and a subsequent collection (6) of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases is provided.

2. Combustion system (12) according to claim 1, characterized in that gasoline, diesel, ethanol or gas is provided as fuel.

3. Combustion system (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the combustion of the fuel, water injection or water atomization or water vapor injection or water vapor introduction into the combustion chamber (10) is provided.

4. Combustion system (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen can be supplied from an oxygen recovery arrangement (20) or oxygen separation arrangement (20).

5. Combustion system (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that dehumidification (2) of the combustion exhaust gases is provided before compression (4) and / or before liquefaction (5).

6. Combustion system (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the collection (6) of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases is provided in an exhaust gas collection container (6) and / or that a transfer or emptying of the collection (6) of the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases from a filled exhaust gas collection container (6) to a large tank is provided.

7. A method for operating a combustion system (12) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that - that a fuel and pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen are introduced into at least one combustion chamber (10) and that the combustion of the fuel with the pure oxygen or nitrogen-free oxygen takes place to form combustion exhaust gases, - that the combustion exhaust gases are then fed to a compression stage (4) and then to a liquefaction stage (5), so that compression (4) and liquefaction (5) take place one after the other and that the compressed and liquefied combustion exhaust gases are then collected (6).

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that gasoline, diesel, ethanol or gas is introduced into the at least one combustion chamber (10) as fuel.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims 7 and 8, characterized in that water or water vapor is additionally injected or sprayed or atomized into the at least one combustion chamber (10).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, characterized in that dehumidification (3) of the combustion exhaust gases takes place before compression (4) and / or before liquefaction (5).

11. Arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system (12) according to claims 1 to 6, comprising an exhaust gas supply (1) of a combustion exhaust gas from a combustion system (12), a dehumidification stage (2) for the combustion exhaust gas, a pre-cooling stage (3) for the combustion exhaust gas, a compression stage (4) for the combustion exhaust gas, an expansion stage (5) for the compressed combustion exhaust gas and an exhaust gas collection container (6) for the expanded and liquefied combustion exhaust gas, wherein the exhaust gas supply (1) is connected upstream to an exhaust tract (11) of the combustion system (12) and downstream to the dehumidification stage (2), the dehumidification stage (2) is connected downstream to the pre-cooling stage (3), the pre-cooling stage (3) is connected downstream to the compression stage (4), and the compression stage (4) is connected downstream to the expansion stage (5), and the expansion stage (5) is connected downstream to the exhaust gas collection tank (6),wherein the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion system (12) can be conducted through the exhaust gas supply (1) through the dehumidification stage (2) further through the pre-cooling stage (3) further through the compression stage (4) further through into the expansion stage (5) and the liquefied combustion exhaust gas from the expansion stage (5) can be conducted into the exhaust gas collection tank (6).

12. Arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the pre-cooling stage (3) comprises a cooling circuit (7).

13. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the exhaust gas supply (1) is part of the exhaust tract (11) or that the exhaust gas supply (1) is the exhaust tract (11).

14. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 13, characterized in that that the dehumidification stage (2) has a water separation or water vapor separation and / or that the dehumidification stage (2) as a water separation or water vapor separation is a passive or active water separation or water vapor separation.

15. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the dehumidification stage (2) is connected to the ambient atmosphere or to a water collecting container (17) or to a water tank (17).

16. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 15, characterized in that a connection to an oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement is provided, wherein the oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement is connected to the dehumidification stage (2) and / or is thermally connected to the pre-cooling stage (3) and / or to the compression stage (4) and / or to the expansion stage (5).

17. A method for operating an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system (12) according to one of claims 11 to 16, comprising the following steps - feeding the combustion exhaust gases from an exhaust tract (11) of a combustion chamber (10) into an exhaust gas supply (1) - Dehumidification of the combustion exhaust gas in a dehumidification stage (2), - Pre-cooling of the combustion exhaust gas in a pre-cooling stage (3) - Compressing the combustion exhaust gas in a compression stage (4) - Expansion of the compressed combustion exhaust gas with phase change in an expansion stage (5) - feeding the combustion exhaust gas liquefied after expansion by the phase change into an exhaust gas collection tank (6).

18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the dehumidification takes place as water separation or water vapor separation and / or that dehumidification is carried out by natural condensation or active condensation and / or that the combustion exhaust gas is cleaned.

19. System for oxygen production or oxygen separation, wherein an oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement operating according to an MIEC process is present as a MIEC arrangement (20) and the oxygen production arrangement (20) or oxygen separation arrangement (20) is connected to a dehumidification stage (2) and / or to a pre-cooling stage (3) and / or to a compression stage (4) and / or to an expansion stage (5) of an arrangement for storing combustion exhaust gases of a combustion system (12) according to claims 11 to 16 and / or to the combustion system (12), wherein water vapor is generated and the generated water vapor is passed with oxygen-containing air to a membrane of the oxygen production arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement as a MIEC arrangement.

20. System according to claim 19, characterized in that the waste heat of the dehumidification stage (2) and / or the pre-cooling stage (3) and / or the compression stage (4) and / or the expansion stage (5) and / or the combustion system (12) is supplied to the oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement.

21. System according to one of the preceding claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the separated water vapor or the separated water is fed to the oxygen recovery arrangement or oxygen separation arrangement.

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