Maleimide polymer for electrical laminates
A polymaleimide compound with a thio group is developed to improve solubility and thermal stability, addressing the limitations of conventional BMIs in electrical laminates, and achieving enhanced low-loss performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/116249
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Commercially available bismaleimide (BMI) resins exhibit poor solubility in ketones and inadequate viscosity build-up during the pre-curing step of electrical lamination, limiting their usage in high-temperature applications with low loss performance.
Development of a polymaleimide compound with a thio group comprising 5 to 30 carbon atoms, which undergoes thio-initiated polymerization to enhance solubility in methyl ethyl ketone and provide improved thermal stability and dielectric performance.
The polymaleimide compound achieves higher solubility and low-loss performance characteristics suitable for electrical laminates, while being fluorine-free and halogen-free, thus addressing the limitations of conventional BMIs.
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Abstract
Description
MALEIMIDE POLYMER FOR ELECTRICAL LAMINATESBACKGROUND
[0001] Bismaleimide (BMI) is a thermosetting resin that can be used in high-temperature applications due to its thermal stability and relatively good dielectric performance. Thus, BMIs can be used in both industrial and consumer electronics. For example, BMI can be useful in electrical laminate applications requiring high-temperature resistance with low loss (i.e., the level of energy dissipation or attenuation that occurs when an electromagnetic wave or signal passes through a material) . Moreover, BMI has a lower cost as compared to polyphenylene ether (e.g., SA9000 from Sabic) , a common component in electrical laminate applications.
[0002] Conventionally, ordinary BMIs are used in electrical lamination processes. Ordinary BMIs are typically used as a base material for higher-performance thermosetting resins. However, commercially available BMIs (e.g., 4, 4’-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, 3, 3’-dimethyl-5, 5’-diethyl-4, 4’-diphenylmethane bismaleimide) can have poor solubility in ketones (i.e., usually less than 20%at 25 ℃) and poor viscosity build-up during a pre-curing step of the electrical lamination formation process. Thus, the percentage of BMIs in the formulation is usually small. Therefore, there is a need for improved compounds and processes, including a maleimide polymer with good solubility, high thermal stability, and good dielectric performance.SUMMARY
[0003] For example, provided herein is a compound of Formula I,
[0004] wherein R1 is a thio group comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 alkoxy; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0005] Also provided herein is a method of making a compound of Formula I, the method comprising reacting a compound of Formula II,
[0006] wherein R2 and R3 are selected as described above with respect to Formula I, with a compound of Formula III,
[0007] R1-H
[0008] Formula III
[0009] wherein R1 is selected as described above with respect to Formula I.
[0010] Also provided herein is a curable composition comprising a compound of Formula I, which is useful, for example, to prepare electrical laminates such as printed circuit boards. The curable composition may further comprise one or more of a crosslinking component, a free radical initiator, and a resin modifier component.
[0011] Also provided is a printed circuit board comprising a curable resin composition as provided herein (e.g., a curable resin composition comprising a compound of Formula I) .
[0012] Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Provided herein are compounds useful in electrical laminate compositions that exhibit good solubility, high thermal stability, and good dielectric performance. For example, provided herein are polymaleimide compounds made from a thio-initiated polymerization of BMI. The compounds disclosed herein may exhibit higher solubility in methyl ethyl ketones (MEK) as compared to prior art compositions while also providing low-loss performance characteristics suitable for use in electrical laminates.
[0014] Preferably, the compounds provided herein are fluorine-free (and, more preferably, halogen-free) . For example, the compounds may be used to prepare fluorine-free (and more preferably, halogen-free) electrical laminate compositions.
[0015] Definitions
[0016] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched chain moiety comprising up to about 10 carbon atoms (unless a different number of carbon atoms is otherwise specified) . Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl. The alkyl group may be a straight-chain alkyl group or a branched alkyl group (e.g., isopropyl) .
[0017] As used herein, the term “alkoxy” refers to a moiety of the form -OR′, wherein R′ is alkyl as defined herein. For example, the group -OCH3 may be referred to herein as “methoxy. ” The group -OCH2CH3 may be referred to herein as “ethoxy. ” Non-limiting examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy. The alkoxy moiety may comprise a straight-chain alkyl group or a branched alkyl group (e.g., isopropoxy) .
[0018] As used herein, the term “hydrogen” includes both stable isotopes of hydrogen, namely 1H (also known as protium) and 2H (also known as deuterium) .
[0019] Polymaleimide Compounds
[0020] Provided herein is a compound of Formula I,
[0021] wherein R1 is a thio group comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms;
[0022] R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 alkoxy; and
[0023] n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0024] In the compound of Formula I, R1 may be a thio group having at least about 10 carbon atoms. For example, R1 may be a thio group having from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
[0025] In the compound of Formula I, R2, and R3 may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl. For example, R2 and R3 may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.
[0026] In the compound of Formula I, n is preferably greater than 1. In various embodiments, n may be at least 10, at least 100, or at least 1000.
[0027] The compound of Formula I may, for example, be a compound of Formula Ia,
[0028] wherein R1 may be selected as described above with respect to Formula I.
[0029] As a non-limiting example, when R1 is C18H37S-, the compound of Formula Ia is a compound of Formula Ia-i. When R1 is C12H25S-, the compound of Formula Ia is a compound of Formula Ia-ii.
[0030] As a further example, the compound of Formula I may be a compound of Formula Ib,
[0031] wherein R1 may be selected as described above with respect to Formula I.
[0032] As a non-limiting example, when R1 is C18H37S-, the compound of Formula Ib is a compound of Formula Ib-i. When R1 is C12H25S-, the compound of Formula Ib is a compound of Formula Ib-ii.
[0033] As a further example, the compound of Formula I may be a compound of Formula Ic,
[0034] wherein R2 and R3 may each be independently selected as described above with respect to Formula I.
[0035] As a further example, the compound of Formula I may be a compound of Formula Id,
[0036] wherein R2 and R3 may each be independently selected as described above with respect to Formula I.
[0037] Methods of Making Polymaleimide Compounds
[0038] Also provided herein are methods of making the compounds of Formula I. As discussed above, BMIs can be useful in electrical laminate applications requiring high-temperature resistance and low loss. Without being bound to a particular theory, it is believed that thio-initiated polymerization of BMIs can improve the solubility and low-loss performance of BMIs.
[0039] For example, provided herein is a method of making a compound of Formula I, the method comprising reacting a compound of Formula II,
[0040]
[0041] wherein R2 and R3 are selected as described above with respect to Formula I, with a compound of Formula III,
[0042] R1-H
[0043] Formula III
[0044] wherein R1 is selected as described above with respect to Formula I.
[0045] Non-limiting examples of suitable compounds of Formula II include the compound of Formula II-i,
[0046] and the compound of Formula II-ii.
[0047] Non-limiting examples of suitable compounds of Formula III include the compound of Formula III-i,
[0048] C18H37-SH
[0049] Formula III-i
[0050] and the compound of Formula III-ii.
[0051] C12H25-SH
[0052] Formula III-ii
[0053] The method may comprise reacting the compound of Formula II and the compound of Formula III in a liquid reaction medium comprising a solvent. Preferably, the liquid reaction medium comprises an organic solvent.
[0054] Non-limiting examples of suitable organic solvents include methyl cyanide (MeCN) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) . For example, the organic solvent may comprise methyl ethyl ketone.
[0055] The liquid reaction medium may be maintained at a temperature of at least about 60 ℃ during the reaction. For example, the liquid reaction medium may be maintained at a temperature of at least about 65 ℃, at least about 70 ℃, or at least about 75 ℃. The liquid reaction medium may be maintained at a temperature that does not exceed about 100 ℃, about 90 ℃, or about 80 ℃. As non-limiting examples, the liquid reaction medium may be maintained at a temperature of from about 60 ℃ to about 90 ℃ or from about 70 ℃to about 80 ℃.
[0056] The method may comprise reacting the compound of Formula II and the compound of Formula III in the presence of a promoter component. The promoter component may comprise an initiator, a catalyst, or a combination thereof. As used herein, the term “initiator” refers to a component that is consumed or partially consumed by a reaction. As used herein, the term “catalyst” refers to a component that is not consumed by a reaction. As a non-limiting example, the promoter component may comprise an amine.
[0057] For example, the promoter component may comprise a secondary amine. A non-limiting example of a suitable secondary amine is diallyl amine.
[0058] The promoter component may comprise a tertiary amine. A non-limiting example of a suitable tertiary amine is triethyl amine (Et3N) .
[0059] As an illustrative example, the method may comprise carrying out a reaction as shown in Scheme A,
[0060] Scheme A
[0061] wherein a compound of Formula II is reacted with a compound of Formula III in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent and in the presence of an amine, thereby producing a compound of Formula I.
[0062] For example, provided herein is a method of making a compound of Formula Ia comprising a reaction as shown in Scheme A-i,
[0063] Scheme A-i
[0064] wherein a compound of Formula II-i is reacted with a compound of Formula III in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent, and in the presence of an amine, thereby producing a compound of Formula Ia.
[0065] As a further example, provided herein is a method of making a compound of Formula Ib comprising a reaction as shown in Scheme A-ii,
[0066] Scheme A-ii
[0067] wherein a compound of Formula II-ii is reacted with a compound of Formula III in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent, and in the presence of an amine, thereby producing a compound of Formula Ib.
[0068] As a further example, provided herein is a method of making a compound of Formula Ic comprising a reaction as shown in Scheme A-iii,
[0069] Scheme A-iii
[0070] wherein a compound of Formula II is reacted with a compound of Formula III-i in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent and in the presence of an amine, thereby producing a compound of Formula Ic.
[0071] As a further example, provided herein is a method of making a compound of Formula Id comprising a reaction as shown in Scheme A-iv,
[0072] Scheme A-iv
[0073] wherein a compound of Formula II is reacted with a compound of Formula III-ii in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent and in the presence of an amine, thereby producing a compound of Formula Id.
[0074] Curable Compositions
[0075] Also provided herein is a curable composition comprising a compound of Formula I, which may be selected and / or prepared as described in detail above. For example, the curable composition is useful for preparing electrical laminates such as printed circuit boards.
[0076] The curable composition may comprise the compound of Formula I in an amount of at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, or at least about 65%by weight of the composition.
[0077] The curable composition may further comprise one or more of a crosslinking component, a free radical initiator, and a resin modifier component.
[0078] Crosslinking Component
[0079] The curable composition may comprise a crosslinking component comprising one or more crosslinking agents. The one or more crosslinking agents may comprise a cyanate ester.
[0080] Non-limiting examples of suitable crosslinking agents include bisphenol A dicyanate (C17H14N2O2) and dicyclopentadiene (C10H12) . For example, the crosslinking component may comprise bisphenol A dicyanate. For example, the crosslinking component may comprise dicyclopentadiene.
[0081] The curable composition may comprise the crosslinking component in an amount of at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, or at least about 25%by weight of the composition. The curable composition typically comprises the crosslinking component in an amount of no greater than about 50%, no greater than about 40%, or no greater than about 35%by weight of the composition. For example, the curable composition may comprise the crosslinking component in an amount of from about 20%to about 35%by weight of the composition.
[0082] Initiator Component
[0083] The curable composition may comprise an initiator component comprising one or more free radical initiators. Without being bound to a particular theory, the free radical initiator may act to release free radicals at elevated temperatures, and thereby trigger the crosslinking of all the components in the composition.
[0084] Non-limiting examples of free radical initiators include dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide. For example, the free radical initiator may comprise a peroxide compound.
[0085] The curable composition may comprise the one or more free radical initiators, for example, in an amount of from about 0.5%by weight to about 7.5%by weight, from about 0.5%by weight to about 5%by weight, from about 0.5%by weight to about 2.5%by weight, from about 1%by weight to about 2.5%by weight, or from about 1.5%by weight to about 2.5%by weight of the composition.
[0086] Crosslinking Catalyst Component
[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the curable composition further comprises a crosslinking catalyst. The crosslinking catalyst may catalyze the crosslinking of a cyanate ester. A non-limiting example of the crosslinking catalyst includes Zn dioctanoate (C16H30O4Zn) . For example, the curable composition may comprise Zn dioctanoate in an amount of from about 0.1%to about 1%by weight of the composition.
[0088] Electrical Laminates
[0089] Also provided is an electrical laminate comprising a curable resin composition as provided herein.
[0090] For example, a prepreg can be formed from a reinforcement component and a composition comprising a compound of Formula I as provided herein (for example, from a curable composition as described above) . The prepreg can be obtained by contacting the reinforcement component and the matrix component via rolling, dipping, spraying, or other such procedures.
[0091] The reinforcement component can be a fiber. Examples of fibers include but are not limited to, glass, aramid, and combinations thereof. Examples of glass fibers include but are not limited to, A-glass fibers, E-glass fibers, C-glass fibers, R-glass fibers, S-glass fibers, T-glass fibers, and combinations thereof. Aramids are organic polymers, examples of which include, but are not limited to, and combinations thereof.
[0092] The reinforcement component can be a fabric. The fabric can be formed from the fiber, as discussed herein. Non-limiting examples of fabric include stitched fabrics, woven fabrics, and combinations thereof. The fabric can be unidirectional, multiaxial, and combinations thereof. The reinforcement component can be a combination of the fiber and the fabric.
[0093] After the reinforcement component has been contacted with the matrix component, the solvent can be removed via volatilization.
[0094] The volatilization can occur via an exposure to a temperature of at least about 60 ℃. For example, the volatilization can occur at a temperature of at least about 80 ℃, at least about 100 ℃, or at least about 130 ℃. The volatilization may be maintained at a temperature that does not exceed about 150 ℃, about 200 ℃, or about 250 ℃. For example, the volatilization may occur at a temperature between about 60 ℃ to about 250 ℃. As non-limiting examples, the volatilization may occur at a temperature from about 100 ℃ to about 200 ℃ or about 130 ℃ to about 150 ℃.
[0095] The volatilization can occur for a period of time of at least about 1 minute (min) . For example, the volatilization can occur for a period of time of at least about 2 min, at least about 3 min, or at least about 4 min. The volatilization may occur for a period of time that does not exceed about 30 min, about 25 min, about 20 min, about 15 min, about 10 min, or about 5 min. As non-limiting examples, the volatilization may occur over a period of time from about 2 min to about 10 min or about 3 min to about 5 min.
[0096] The matrix component can be partially cured while and / or after the solvent is volatilized. The resulting substance can be referred to as the prepreg. The prepregs can be layered and / or formed into a shape before being cured further. For some applications (e.g., when an electrical laminate is being produced) layers of the prepreg can be alternated with layers of a conductive material. A non-limiting example of the conductive material includes copper foil.
[0097] The prepreg may be cured (e.g., more fully cured) to obtain a cured product. The prepreg may be cured by the application of pressure (i.e., a curing force) and / or heat.
[0098] A non-limiting example of a process for obtaining the more fully cured product is pressing. The prepreg may be placed into a press, where it is subjected to a curing force for a predetermined curing time interval to obtain the more fully cured product. The press may have a curing temperature of at least about 60 ℃, at least about 75 ℃, at least about 100 ℃, at least about 125 ℃, or at least about 150 ℃. The press may have a curing temperature that does not exceed about 250 ℃, about 240 ℃, or about 230 ℃. For example, the press may have a curing temperature of about 60 ℃ to 250 ℃. Non-limiting examples of the curing temperature of the press include a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 240 ℃ or about 150 ℃ to about 230 ℃.
[0099] For one or more embodiments, the press may have a curing temperature that is ramped from a lower curing temperature to a higher curing temperature over a ramp time interval. Further, the curing temperature may differ according to the presence of a curing agent, the amount of the curing agent, and / or the composition of the curing agent.
[0100] Filler Component
[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the electrical laminate further comprises a filler component. Without being bound to a particular theory, the presence of a filler component can improve the dimensional stability, mechanical strength, and / or thermal conductivity of the composition.
[0102] Non-limiting examples of suitable filler components include spherical silica, fused silica, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, boron nitride, mica, talc, and mixtures thereof. In preferred embodiments, the filler component comprises an inorganic filler. For example, the filler component may comprise silica.
[0103] The electrical laminate may comprise the filler component in an amount of about at least 20%by weight, about 30%by weight, or about 40%by weight. The electrical laminate may comprise the filler component in an amount not exceeding about 80%by weight, about 70%by weight, or about 60%by weight. For example, the electrical laminate may comprise the filler component in an amount of about 20%by weight to about 80%by weight. Non-limiting examples of the weight percent of the filler component in the electrical laminate composition include from about 30%to about 70%by weight or from about 40%by weight to about 60%by weight.
[0104] Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
[0105] EXAMPLES
[0106] The following non-limiting examples are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure.
[0107] Unless otherwise indicated, the materials described below were used in each of the following examples.
[0108] BMI-5100 is 3, 3'-dimethyl-5, 5'-diethyl-4, 4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide available from Daiwakasei Industry Co.
[0109] BMI-1000 is 4, 4’-diphenylmethane bismaleimide available from Daiwakasei Industry Co.
[0110] SA9000 is acrylate terminated polyphenyl ether available from SABIC.
[0111] TAIC is triallyl isocyanurate available from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
[0112] Example 1: Synthesis of Formula Ia-i
[0113] A compound of Formula Ia-i was prepared as described below.
[0114] In a first step, 55.23 grams (0.125 mol) of BMI-5100, 110 milliliters (mL) of MEK, and 0.20 g (2.0 mmol) of Et3N were mixed and heated in an oil bath maintained at a temperature of 75 ℃ until the mixture formed a clear solution.
[0115] In a second step, a solution of 14.37 g (0.050 mol) of 1-octadecanethiol and 50 mL of MEK was added to the mixture from the first step via a dropping funnel over a time period of 70 minutes.
[0116] In a third step, the reaction solution was heated at a temperature of 75 ℃ for a time period of 19 hours.
[0117] In a fourth step, after vacuum filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to collect the final product, where the final product was a dark brown solution weighing 107.01 g with 65.0%solid content.
[0118] Example 2: Synthesis Formula Ib-i
[0119] A compound of Formula Ib-i was prepared as described below.
[0120] In a first step, 44.67 g (0.125 mol) of BMI-1000, 80 mL of MeCN, 80 mL of MEK, and 0.25 g (2.5 mmol) of Et3N were mixed and heated in an oil bath maintained at a temperature of 75 ℃.
[0121] In a second step, a solution of 14.38 g (0.050 mol) of 1-octadecanethiol and 40 mL of MEK was added to the mixture from the first step via a dropping funnel over a time period of 50 minutes.
[0122] In a third step, the reaction solution was heated at a temperature of 75 ℃ for a time period of 4.5 hours.
[0123] In a fourth step, after vacuum filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to remove MeCN.
[0124] In a fifth step, the filtrate was further diluted by fresh MEK.
[0125] The final product was a dark purple solution weighing 88.20 g, with 63.5%solid content.
[0126] Example 3: Evaluation of Compounds of Formulas Ia-i and Ia-ii
[0127] One comparative formulation and two inventive formulations were prepared as described in Table 1 below.
[0128] Comparative Example 1 was made from BMI-5100 and bisphenol A dicyanate in a weight ratio of 70: 30. The corresponding prepregs experienced dual impregnations to reach a moderate resin content because the low viscous varnish could not guarantee the resin sufficiently to stay on the glass cloth after single impregnation.
[0129] Table 1
[0130] Note: The wt. %data is the weight percentage of the specific component solid to the sum of main resin solids without catalysts.
[0131] Example 3a: Laminate Application
[0132] The comparative and inventive examples prepared as described in Example 3 were tested for use in a laminate application.
[0133] A varnish was prepared by combining a formulation prepared as described in Example 3 with MEK (150 g of the varnish composition with a solid content of 57 wt. %) . Into a tray was poured about 150 g of varnish. One piece of 2116 E-glass cloth (30 cm × 20 cm) was dipped into the varnish, and then hand-pulled through a gapped pair of rollers to control the thickness. One edge of the prepared glass cloth was fixed by clamps and then hung in a fume hood to allow the varnish to spread evenly and promote solvent evaporation. The glass cloth was then baked at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to remove the solvent and generate a reasonable prepreg gel time, so the temperature and the time could be adjusted according to specific cases. Following the baking, the desired prepregs were obtained.
[0134] Six pieces of the resulting prepreg were stacked together, and half of the top and bottom surface was covered with a sheet of standard copper foil. The stack was then laminated in a press at 200 ℃ for 1.5 hours. The resulting laminate composition was then tested for the properties shown in Table 2 below.
[0135] Table 2 demonstrates the improved performance of the inventive examples versus the comparative example.
[0136] Table 2
[0137] As shown in Table 2, The control laminate had a DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) Tg (glass transition temperature) of 287 ℃, a Df (dissipation factor) of 0.0059 at 10 GHz (gigahertz) , and a copper peel strength of 0.55 N / mm.
[0138] However, Inventive Examples 1 and 2 achieved a Df of 0.0059 and 0.0056, respectively, at 10 GHz, which were equivalent to the comparative example. Further, both inventive examples showed a laminate DMA Tg of 257 ℃, which was slightly lower than the comparative example. Moreover, both inventive examples showed a higher copper peel strength, nearly double of the comparative example.
[0139] Example 4: Synthesis of Compounds of Formula Ia-ii
[0140] A compound of Formula Ia-ii was prepared as described below.
[0141] In a first step, 530.98 g (1.20 mol) of BMI-5100, 684 g of MEK and 29.34 g (0.29 mol) of Et3N were mixed and heated at a temperature of 70 ℃.
[0142] In a second step, a solution of 60.32 g (0.299 mol) of 1-dodecanethiol and 79.80 g of MEK was added to the solution from the first step, via a dropping funnel over a time period of 40 minutes.
[0143] In a third step, the reaction solution was heated at a temperature of 70 ℃ for a time period of 20 hours.
[0144] In a fourth step, after vacuum filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to collect the final product, where the final product was a reddish-brown solution weighing 933.97 g with a 63.2%solid content.
[0145] Example 5: Synthesis of Compounds of Formula Ib-ii
[0146] A compound of Formula Ib-ii was prepared as described below.
[0147] In a first step, 744.40 g (2.08 mol) of BMI-1000, 687.10 g of MeCN, 563.87 g of MEK, and 2.60 g (0.0257 mol) of Et3N were mixed and heated at a temperature of 70 ℃.
[0148] In a second step, a solution of 175.01 g (0.866 mol) of 1-dodecanethiol and 126.43 g of MEK was added to the solution from the first step over a time period of 2 hours.
[0149] In a third step, the reaction solution was heated at a temperature of 70 ℃ for 9 hours.
[0150] In a fourth step, after vacuum filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to remove MeCN and further diluted by fresh MEK. The final product was obtained as a dark brown solution weighing 1398.07 g, with a 65.2%solid content.
[0151] Example 6: Evaluation of Compounds of Formulas Ia-ii and Ib-ii:
[0152] Three inventive examples were prepared, as described in Table 3 below.
[0153] Inventive Example 3 was formed using the compound of Formula Ia-ii, Inventive Example 4 was formed using the compound of Formula Ib-ii, and Inventive Example 5 was formed using a polymaleimide comprising SA9000 and TAIC.
[0154] Table 3
[0155] Note: The wt. %data is the weight percentage of the specific component solid to the sum of main resin solids without catalysts.
[0156] Example 6a: Laminate Application
[0157] The inventive examples prepared as described in Example 6 were tested for use in a laminate application, using the same procedure as described above in Example 3a.
[0158] Table 4 demonstrates the improved performance of the inventive examples.
[0159] Table 4
[0160] As shown in Table 4, Inventive Examples 3 and 4 achieved a Df of 0.0055 and 0.0059 at 10 GHz, which were equivalent to Inventive Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, as discussed above. Further, Inventive examples 3 and 4 maintained acceptable copper peel strength around 0.5~0.75 N / mm with 40%silica in the formulations.
[0161] In a fifth inventive example, Inventive Example 5, a laminate could be made from polymaleimide, SA9000, and TAIC. The board could achieve a high Tg of 192 ℃ and a low Df of 0.0067 at 10 GHz. However, Inventive examples 3 and 4 showed laminate DMA Tg of 225 ℃ and 228 ℃, respectively, indicating the crosslinking of dicyclopentadiene was weaker than the cyanate ester.
[0162] When introducing elements of the present disclosure or the preferred embodiment (s) thereof, the articles “a, ” “an, ” “the, ” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising, ” “including, ” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
[0163] In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the disclosure are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
[0164] As various changes could be made in the above products and methods without departing from the scope of the disclosure, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula I, whereinR1 is a thio group comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms;R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 alkoxy; andn is an integer greater than or equal to 1.2.The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is a thio group comprising at least about 10 carbon atoms.3.The compound of claim 2 wherein R1 is a thio group comprising from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.4.The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl.5.The compound of claim 4 wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.6.The compound of claim 1 having a structure corresponding to Formula Ia, whereinR1 is a thio group comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms; andn is an integer greater than or equal to 1.7.The compound of claim 1 having a structure corresponding to Formula Ib, whereinR1 is a thio group comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms; andn is an integer greater than or equal to 1.8.The compound of claim 6 or claim 7 wherein R1 is a thio group comprising from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.9.The compound of claim 8 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C18H37S-and C12H25S-.10.The compound of claim 1 having a structure corresponding to Formula Ic, whereinR2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 alkoxy; andn is an integer greater than or equal to 1.11.The compound of claim 1 having a structure corresponding to Formula Id, whereinR2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 alkoxy; andn is an integer greater than or equal to 1.12.The compound of claim 10 or 11 wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl.13.The compound of claim 12 wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and ethyl.14.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein n is greater than 1.15.The compound of claim 14 wherein n is greater than 10.16.A method of making a compound of any one of claims 1 to 15, the method comprising reacting a compound of Formula II, with a compound of Formula III,R1-HFormula IIIin a liquid reaction medium.17.The method of claim 16 wherein the liquid reaction medium comprises an organic solvent.18.The method of claim 17 wherein the liquid reaction medium comprises an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methyl cyanide and methyl ethyl ketone.19.The method of claim 18 wherein the liquid reaction medium comprises methyl ethyl ketone.20.The method of any one of claims 16 to 19 wherein the liquid reaction medium is maintained at a temperature of at least about 60 ℃ during the reaction.21.The method of claim 20 wherein the liquid reaction medium is maintained at a temperature of from about 60 ℃ to about 90 ℃ during the reaction.22.The method of any one of claims 16 to 21 comprising reacting the compound of Formula II and the compound of Formula III in the presence of promoter component.23.The method of claim 22 wherein the promoter component comprises an amine.24.The method of claim 23 wherein the promoter component comprises a tertiary amine.25.The method of any one of claims 16 to 24 wherein the compound of Formula II is selected from the group consisting of:the compound of Formula II-i,and the compound of Formula II-ii,26.The method of any one of claims 16 to 25 wherein the compound of Formula III is selected from the group consisting of:the compound of Formula III-i,C18H37-SHFormula III-iand the compound of Formula III-ii,C12H25-SHFormula III-ii.27.A curable composition comprising:a compound of any one of claims 1 to 15, in a concentration of at least about 30%by weight of the composition;a crosslinking component comprising at least one crosslinking agent, in a concentration of from about 20%to about 35%by weight of the composition; andan initiator component comprising at least one free radical initiator, in a concentration of from about 0.5%by weight to about 7.5%by weight of the composition.28.The composition of claim 27 wherein the crosslinking component comprises at least one crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A dicyanate and dicyclopentadiene.29.The composition of claim 27 or 28 wherein the initiator component comprises at least one free radical initiator selected from the group consisting of dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide.30.The composition of any one of claims 27 to 29 further comprising zinc dioctanoate in a concentration of from about 0.1%to about 1%by weight of the composition.31.An electrical laminate comprising the curable composition of any one of claims 27 to 30.
Citation Information
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