Laminate, display device, roll, absorptive polarizer, and method for manufacturing laminate

Abstract

The present invention provides a laminate, a display device, a roll, an absorptive polarizer, and a method for manufacturing a laminate, the laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer and reducing ghosting when applied to a pancake lens virtual reality display device. The laminate according to the present invention includes a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer. When the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured in each of 10 locations spaced at equal intervals along one direction in the plane of the laminate, followed by calculating an angle A, which is the largest among angles formed by two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer in the 10 locations, this operation is performed in given directions to select a direction in which the angle A is the largest, and an angle B formed by the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is measured in 10 locations spaced at equal intervals along the selected direction, the angle B is less than 1.0° in any of the locations.

Description

Laminate, display device, rolled body, absorption polarizer, and method for manufacturing laminate

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate, a display device, a wound body, an absorptive polarizer, and a method for manufacturing the laminate.

[0002] A virtual reality display device is a display device that allows a user to feel as if they are immersed in a virtual world by wearing a dedicated headset on their head and viewing images displayed through lenses. For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a virtual reality display device has been proposed that includes an image display device, a reflective polarizer, an absorptive polarizer, a half mirror, and a retardation layer, and that reduces the overall thickness of the headset by directing light emitted from the image display device back and forth between the reflective polarizer and the half mirror.

[0003] Special Publication No. 2020-519964

[0004] The virtual reality display device described in Patent Document 1 uses a laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer. The inventors have studied the characteristics of the virtual reality display device described in Patent Document 1 and found that further improvements are needed in terms of suppressing ghosting. In particular, they have found that the laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer used in the virtual reality display device is related to the above-mentioned problem.

[0005] In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer, which suppresses the occurrence of ghosts when applied to a pancake lens-type virtual reality display device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a display device, a wound body, an absorptive polarizer, and a method for manufacturing the laminate.

[0006] The present inventors have conducted extensive research into the above-mentioned problems and have found that the above problems can be solved by the following configuration.

[0007] (1) A laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer, wherein one direction in the plane of the laminate is defined as a reference direction, a direction rotated 45° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a first direction, a direction rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a second direction, and a direction rotated 135° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a third direction, (2) A laminate according to (1), in which the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced positions along one direction in the plane of the laminate, and the maximum angle A is calculated between two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer at the 10 positions, this operation being carried out in a reference direction, a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, the direction in which angle A is largest is selected from the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced positions along the selected direction, and angle B is less than 1.0° at all positions. (3) The laminate according to (1) or (2), wherein the absorptive polarizer contains a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material. (4) The laminate according to (3), wherein the content of the dichroic material is 10% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the absorptive polarizer. (5) The laminate according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the absorptive polarizer has a single transmittance of 40% or more and a polarization degree of 99% or more. (6) The laminate according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein an alignment film is disposed between the reflective polarizer and the absorptive polarizer. (7) The laminate according to (6), wherein the alignment film has absorption at wavelengths of 370 nm or more. (8) The laminate according to (6) or (7), wherein the alignment film contains an azo compound. (9) A display device comprising the laminate according to any one of (1) to (8). (10) The display device according to (9), wherein the display device is a virtual reality display device.(11) A rolled body of a long laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer, wherein the angle formed between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 positions equally spaced along the width direction of the laminate, and the angle is less than 1.0° at all positions. (12) An absorptive polarizer, wherein, taking one direction within the plane of the absorptive polarizer as a reference direction, a direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction as a first direction, a direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction as a second direction, and a direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction as a third direction, the absorption axis direction of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced positions along one direction within the plane of the absorptive polarizer, and an angle C that is the largest among the angles formed by two directions selected from the absorption axis directions of the absorptive polarizer at the 10 positions is calculated in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the angle C in the direction with the largest angle C among the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction is 0.5 to 5.0°. (13) A method for producing a laminate according to any one of (1) to (8), comprising: Step 1A of irradiating a photo-alignment film with light that has been transmitted through a reflective polarizer; Step 2A of applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material onto the photo-alignment film obtained in Step 1A to align the liquid crystal compound and obtain an absorptive polarizer; and Step 3A of bonding the absorptive polarizer and the reflective polarizer to produce a laminate. (14) A method for producing a laminate according to any one of (1) to (8), comprising: Step 1B of irradiating a substrate to be irradiated with light from the reflective polarizer side, the substrate including a reflective polarizer and a photo-alignment film, and irradiating the photo-alignment film with light that has been transmitted through the reflective polarizer; and Step 2B of applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material onto the photo-alignment film obtained in Step 1B to align the liquid crystal compound and obtain an absorptive polarizer and produce a laminate.

[0008] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer, which suppresses the occurrence of ghosts when applied to a pancake lens type virtual reality display device. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a display device, a wound body, an absorptive polarizer, and a method for manufacturing the laminate.

[0009] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a laminate of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a top view of the laminate of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the procedure of operation X; FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the direction of the reflection axis of a reflective polarizer and the direction of the absorption axis of an absorptive polarizer; FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a conventional example; FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating step 1A; FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a photo-alignment film; FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating step 1B; and FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating step 2B. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a virtual reality display device of the present invention.

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below. The following description of the constituent elements may be based on representative embodiments and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. In this specification, a numerical range expressed using "to" means a range that includes the numerical values ​​before and after "to" as the lower and upper limits.

[0011] In this specification, "absorption axis" refers to the polarization direction in which absorbance is maximized in the plane when linearly polarized light is incident. "Reflection axis" refers to the polarization direction in which reflectance is maximized in the plane when linearly polarized light is incident. "Transmission axis" refers to the direction in the plane that is perpendicular to the absorption axis or reflection axis. "In-plane slow axis" refers to the direction in the plane in which refractive index is maximized.

[0012] In this specification, Re(λ) and Rth(λ) represent the in-plane retardation and the thickness retardation, respectively, at a wavelength λ. Unless otherwise specified, the wavelength λ is 550 nm. In the present invention, Re(λ) and Rth(λ) are values ​​measured at a wavelength λ using an AxoScan (manufactured by Axometrics). By inputting the average refractive index ((nx + ny + nz) / 3) and film thickness (d) into AxoScan, the following in-plane slow axis direction (°) is calculated: Re(λ) = R0(λ) Rth(λ) = ((nx + ny) / 2 - nz) × d. Note that R0(λ) is displayed as a numerical value calculated by AxoScan, but it means Re(λ).

[0013] In this specification, the refractive indices nx, ny, and nz are measured using an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T, manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) with a sodium lamp (λ = 589 nm) as a light source. When measuring wavelength dependency, measurements can be made using a multi-wavelength Abbe refractometer DR-M2 (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) in combination with an interference filter. Values ​​from the Polymer Handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical films can also be used. Examples of average refractive index values ​​for major optical films are listed below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), and polystyrene (1.59).

[0014] In this specification, A plates and C plates are defined as follows. There are two types of A plates: positive A plates (positive A plates) and negative A plates (negative A plates). When the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction of the film (the direction in which the in-plane refractive index is maximum) is nx, the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the in-plane slow axis is ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction is nz, the positive A plates satisfy the relationship of formula (A1), and the negative A plates satisfy the relationship of formula (A2). Note that the positive A plates have a positive Rth, and the negative A plates have a negative Rth. Formula (A1) nx>ny≒nz Formula (A2) ny<nx≒nz Note that the above "≒" encompasses not only the case where the two are completely identical, but also the case where the two are substantially identical. "Substantially the same" means, for example, that "ny ≒ nz" also includes cases where (ny - nz) x d (where d is the film thickness) is -10 to 10 nm, preferably -5 to 5 nm, and "nx ≒ nz" also includes cases where (nx - nz) x d is -10 to 10 nm, preferably -5 to 5 nm. There are two types of C plates: positive C plates (positive C plates) and negative C plates (negative C plates). Positive C plates satisfy the relationship of formula (C1), while negative C plates satisfy the relationship of formula (C2). Note that positive C plates have a negative Rth value, and negative C plates have a positive Rth value. Formula (C1) nz > nx ≒ ny Formula (C2) nz < nx ≒ ny Note that the above "≒" includes not only cases where the two are completely identical, but also cases where the two are substantially identical. The term "substantially the same" includes, for example, the case where (nx-ny) x d (where d is the thickness of the film) is 0 to 10 nm, preferably 0 to 5 nm, in "nx≈ny".

[0015] A feature of the laminate of the present invention is that, in contrast to a reflective polarizer whose reflection axis direction varies depending on the in-plane position, an absorptive polarizer is used, whose absorption axis direction is set to match the reflection axis direction. As will be described in detail later, reflective polarizers are often formed by stretching or the like, which often results in variations in the reflection axis direction (azimuth angle). In particular, reflective polarizers are often formed by stretching a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction. In such cases, the so-called bowing phenomenon occurs, causing molecular orientation states to differ between the center and edge portions of the substrate, resulting in variations in the reflection axis direction depending on the in-plane position. When an absorptive polarizer having an absorption axis extending along one direction is bonded to such a reflective polarizer, a misalignment occurs between the reflection axis direction and the absorption axis direction at any position in the plane of the laminate including the reflective polarizer and the absorptive polarizer. The inventors have discovered that such a misalignment can lead to the occurrence of ghosts when the laminate is used in a virtual reality display device. Therefore, in the present invention, a reflective polarizer whose reflection axis direction varies depending on the position in the plane is combined with an absorptive polarizer whose absorption axis direction is set to match the reflection axis direction, thereby preventing the above-mentioned misalignment and, as a result, suppressing the occurrence of ghosts.

[0016] An example of a laminate of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, the laminate 10 includes a reflective polarizer 12 and an absorptive polarizer 14. As will be described later, the laminate 10 may include components other than the reflective polarizer 12 and the absorptive polarizer 14. Below, first, the relationship between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer 12 and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer 14 will be described, and then each component will be described.

[0017] FIG. 2 is a top view of the laminate 10 as viewed from the white arrow in FIG. 1 . That is, FIG. 2 is a view of the laminate 10 as viewed from the reflective polarizer 12 side. In FIG. 2 , the reflective polarizer 12 of the laminate 10 is observed. The solid line in the reflective polarizer 12 in FIG. 2 represents the reflection axis RA of the reflective polarizer 12. As shown in FIG. 2 , the direction of the reflection axis RA of the reflective polarizer 12 extends in the y direction of FIG. 2 , but the reflection axis RA is inclined with respect to the y direction at one end and the other end of the reflective polarizer 12 in the y direction. In other words, the reflection axis extends so as to curve from one end to the other end of the reflective polarizer 12 in the y direction. This inclination of the reflection axis occurs due to the bowing phenomenon. Note that in the reflective polarizer 12, the inclination of the reflection axis RA varies depending on the position in the plane in the y direction, but the inclination of the reflection axis RA is constant in the x direction.

[0018] The procedure for determining the relationship between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer 12 and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer 14 will be described below. First, one of the directions in the plane of the laminate is defined as the reference direction. In FIG. 2, the y direction in the plane of the laminate 10 is defined as the reference direction RD. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the direction rotated 45° clockwise with respect to the reference direction RD is defined as the first direction D1, the direction rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the reference direction RD is defined as the second direction D2, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise with respect to the reference direction RD is defined as the third direction D3. As described above, in FIG. 2, the y direction in the plane of the laminate 10 (the direction perpendicular to one side of the laminate 10) is defined as the reference direction, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. When the laminate 10 is elongated, it is preferable to define the width direction of the laminate 10 as the reference direction.

[0019] Next, the following operation X is performed in the reference direction RD, the first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3. Operation X: measuring the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer at 10 points equally spaced along one direction in the plane of the laminate, and calculating the maximum angle A between two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer at the 10 points. Below, as a representative example, a case where the above operation X is performed in the reference direction RD will be described with reference to Figure 3.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 3 , first, when a reference direction RD is selected as one in-plane direction of the laminate, the direction of the reflection axis RA of the reflective polarizer 12 is measured at 10 equally spaced points (points P1 to P10) along the reference direction RD. Points P1 to P10 correspond to the center positions of the division lines obtained when the length of the reflective polarizer (laminate) in one in-plane direction of the laminate is divided into 10 equal lengths. For example, if the in-plane direction of the laminate is the width direction of the laminate and the width of the laminate is 1000 mm, points P1 to P10 correspond to positions 50 mm, 150 mm, 250 mm, 350 mm, 450 mm, 550 mm, 650 mm, 750 mm, 850 mm, and 950 mm from one end of the width direction of the laminate, respectively. More specifically, when a width of 1000 mm of the laminate is divided into 10, 10 division lines are obtained. The length of the dividing line is 100 mm, so for example, point P1 corresponds to a position of 50 mm, which is the center position of the 100 mm dividing line. In the above embodiment, the distance between points P1 and P10 is 100 mm. However, specific examples of the distance between points P1 and P10 range from 5 to 150 mm. When performing the above-described operation X in the reference direction RD, the first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3, the direction in which the length of the laminate to be measured is shortest in the first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3 is selected. The center positions of the resulting dividing lines obtained by dividing the length of the laminate in that direction into 10 equal lengths can be identified, and the distance between the center positions can be used as the equal distance for operation X and applied as the equal distance for the other directions. Hereinafter, the method for identifying equal distances (the distance between equally spaced points) using the above method will also be referred to as method Z. 3, the direction of the reflection axis at point P5 near the center and the direction of the reflection axis at point P6 are both approximately parallel to the reference direction RD, but the direction of the reflection axis at point P1 near the edge and the direction of the reflection axis at point P10 are inclined with respect to the reference direction RD. In particular, the direction of the reflection axis at point P1 is in a clockwise position with respect to the reference direction RD, and the direction of the reflection axis at point P10 is in a counterclockwise position with respect to the reference direction RD.Next, the angle A, which is the maximum angle formed by two directions selected from the reflection axis directions of the reflective polarizers at 10 locations, is calculated. That is, the reflection axis directions of the reflective polarizers at two locations are selected from the reflection axis directions of the reflective polarizers at 10 locations, and the combination of the reflection axis directions of the two reflective polarizers that forms the maximum angle among the reflection axis directions of the selected two reflective polarizers is identified, and the angle obtained by this combination is defined as angle A. In Figure 3, the angle formed by the reflection axis direction at point P1 and the reflection axis direction at point P10 is the maximum. The reflection axis direction of the reflective polarizer can be measured using an Axoscan (polarimeter) device from Axometrics and analysis software from the same company.

[0021] The above operation X is performed in each of the reference direction RD, the first direction D1, the second direction D2, and the third direction D3, and the angle A is calculated in each direction. That is, four angles A are obtained by the above procedure. The direction showing the largest value of these four angles A is selected. Hereinafter, the selected direction is also referred to as the "specific direction." In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the angle A obtained in the reference direction RD is the largest, and the reference direction RD is selected. That is, the reference direction RD becomes the specific direction. By performing the above procedure, the direction in which the variation in the direction of the reflection axis in the reflective polarizer is greatest is specified. The magnitude of the angle A obtained by performing the operation X in the specific direction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5.0°, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0°, and even more preferably 0.5 to 2.0°, from the viewpoint of further suppressing the occurrence of ghosts when the laminate is applied to a virtual reality display device (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "the viewpoint of the superior effect of the present invention").

[0022] Next, the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced locations along a specific direction. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the specific direction is the reference direction RD as described above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced locations along the reference direction RD (points P1 to P10). The spacing between the 10 locations for measuring the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is preferably the same as the spacing between the 10 locations in the above-described operation X. For example, it corresponds to the spacing between the centers of the division lines obtained when the length of the reflective polarizer (laminate) in one direction in the plane of the laminate is divided into 10 equal lengths. Specifically, the spacing between the 10 locations (points P1 to P10) for measuring angle B is, as in the case of angle A, 5 to 150 mm. More specifically, the intervals between the 10 points (points P1 to P10) at which angle B is measured may be 100 mm. The angle between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer can be measured using an Axoscan (polarimeter) device manufactured by Axometrics and analysis software from the same company.

[0023] In the laminate of the present invention, the angle B measured at 10 equally spaced positions along a specific direction is less than 1.0°. In particular, in order to achieve a more excellent effect of the present invention, the angle B at each of the 10 positions is preferably 0.5° or less, and more preferably 0.3° or less. The lower limit of the angle B at each of the 10 positions is preferably 0°. By satisfying the above characteristics, the deviation between the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the direction of the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer is reduced in a direction in which the variation in the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is greater, thereby achieving the effect of the present invention of suppressing the occurrence of ghost images. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 as an example, when the above characteristics are satisfied, the direction of the reflection axis RA of the reflective polarizer 12 and the direction of the absorption axis AA of the absorbing polarizer 14 in the laminate are likely to coincide. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the absorption axis AA of the absorbing polarizer 14 is also curved to match the curved reflection axis RA of the reflective polarizer 12. In the prior art, as shown in Figure 5, the absorption axis AA of the absorptive polarizer 100 extends in one direction, so when the reflective polarizer 12 and the absorptive polarizer 100 are superimposed, there are likely to be locations within the plane of the laminate where the direction of the reflection axis RA and the direction of the absorption axis AA are significantly misaligned, and as a result, the desired effect cannot be obtained.

[0024] In particular, in terms of achieving superior effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the laminate satisfy all of the following requirements 1 to 4. Requirement 1: The angle B formed between the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced positions along the reference direction, and the angle B is less than 1.0° at each of the positions. Requirement 2: The angle B formed between the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced positions along the first direction, and the angle B is less than 1.0° at each of the positions. Requirement 3: The angle B formed between the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced positions along the second direction, and the angle B is less than 1.0° at each of the positions. Requirement 4: At 10 locations equally spaced along the third direction, the angle B formed between the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured, and the angle B is less than 1.0° at all positions.

[0025] A preferred embodiment of the absorptive polarizer is an absorptive polarizer in which, when one direction in the plane of the absorptive polarizer is defined as a reference direction, a direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction is defined as a first direction, a direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction is defined as a second direction, and a direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction is defined as a third direction, the absorption axis direction of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced locations along one direction in the plane of the absorptive polarizer, and an operation of calculating the largest angle C between two directions selected from the absorption axis directions of the absorptive polarizer at the 10 locations is performed in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the angle C in the direction in which the angle C is largest among the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction is 0.5 to 5.0°. The procedure for calculating the angle C is the same as the procedure for calculating the angle A described above. The angle C is calculated for each of the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the direction with the largest angle C is selected from these directions, and it is preferable that the angle C in that direction be 0.5 to 5.0°. The angle C is preferably 0.5 to 4.5° in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.

[0026] The shape of the laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably long. When the laminate is long, it may be wound into a roll. In a roll of a long laminate including an absorptive polarizer and a reflective polarizer, the angle between the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 equally spaced locations along the width direction of the laminate, and it is preferable that the angle be less than 1.0° at each location. In particular, in terms of achieving superior effects of the present invention, the angles at each of the 10 locations are preferably 0.5° or less, and more preferably 0.3° or less. The lower limit of the angle at each of the 10 locations is preferably 0°. The angle can be calculated using the same procedure as for calculating angle B described above. The size of the roll of the laminate is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 500 to 1,500 mm wide and 200 to 2,000 m long.

[0027] Each member of the laminate will be described in detail below.

[0028] [Reflective Polarizer] A reflective polarizer (reflective linear polarizer) is a linear polarizer that transmits linearly polarized light in a certain direction and reflects linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the linearly polarized light. Any known reflective polarizer (reflective linear polarizer) can be used as the reflective polarizer as long as it selectively transmits linearly polarized light in a certain direction in the wavelength range of visible light. Examples of reflective polarizers include a film obtained by stretching a dielectric multilayer film as described in JP 2011-053705 A and a wire grid polarizer. Commercially available reflective polarizers can also be suitably used. Examples of commercially available reflective polarizers include a reflective polarizer (product name APF) manufactured by 3M and a wire grid polarizer (product name WGF) manufactured by AGC.

[0029] [Absorption-type polarizer] An absorption-type polarizer (absorption-type linear polarizer) is a linear polarizer that transmits linearly polarized light in a certain direction and absorbs linearly polarized light in a direction perpendicular to the linearly polarized light. A general polarizer can be used as the absorption-type linear polarizer. For example, it may be a polarizer in which a dichroic substance is dyed onto polyvinyl alcohol or other polymer resin and then oriented by stretching, or a polarizer in which a dichroic substance is oriented by utilizing the orientation of a liquid crystal compound.

[0030] The thickness of the absorptive polarizer is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 7 μm or less, and even more preferably 5 μm or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 μm or more. The single transmittance of the absorptive polarizer is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 42% or more, and even more preferably 43% or more. The upper limit of the single transmittance of the absorptive polarizer is not particularly limited, but is often 60% or less, and more often 50% or less. The degree of polarization of the absorptive polarizer is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more. The upper limit of the degree of polarization of the absorptive polarizer is not particularly limited, but may be 100%. The single transmittance and degree of polarization of the absorptive polarizer are measured using an automatic polarizing film measuring device: VAP-7070 (manufactured by JASCO Corporation). The single transmittance and degree of polarization are measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0031] The absorptive polarizer preferably contains a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, and is more preferably a coated polarizer containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance. The coated polarizer refers to a polarizer that can be formed by coating a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance. Among these, the absorptive polarizer is preferably an absorptive polarizer obtained by coating a composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group and a dichroic substance, aligning the liquid crystal compound, and polymerizing the polymerizable group to fix the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound.

[0032] As the liquid crystal compound, either a polymer liquid crystal compound or a low molecular weight liquid crystal compound can be used, with the polymer liquid crystal compound being preferred because it can increase the degree of orientation. Furthermore, as the liquid crystal compound, a polymer liquid crystal compound and a low molecular weight liquid crystal compound may be used in combination. The liquid crystal compound may be fixed in the absorption polarizer. Here, "polymer liquid crystal compound" refers to a liquid crystal compound having a repeating unit in its chemical structure. Furthermore, "low molecular weight liquid crystal compound" refers to a liquid crystal compound having no repeating unit in its chemical structure.

[0033] The low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include compounds exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase and compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase, and from the viewpoint of increasing the degree of orientation, compounds exhibiting a smectic liquid crystal phase are preferred. For example, the liquid crystal compounds described in JP-A-2013-228706 can be mentioned.

[0034] Examples of the polymer liquid crystal compound include the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer described in JP 2011-237513 A. When the absorptive polarizer contains a polymer liquid crystal compound, the polymer liquid crystal compound preferably forms a nematic liquid crystal phase. The temperature range in which the polymer liquid crystal compound exhibits the nematic liquid crystal phase is preferably room temperature (23°C) to 450°C, and from the viewpoints of handling and manufacturing suitability, preferably 50 to 400°C.

[0035] In the absorptive polarizer, the liquid crystal compound may be aligned in a predetermined direction. That is, the absorptive polarizer may contain an aligned liquid crystal compound. Alternatively, the absorptive polarizer may contain a liquid crystal compound whose alignment state is fixed. The absorptive polarizer described above can be obtained by aligning a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group, and then polymerizing the polymerizable group to fix the alignment state.

[0036] The content of the liquid crystal compound in the absorptive polarizer is preferably 25 to 2,000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 1,300 parts by mass, and even more preferably 200 to 900 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the dichroic material. When the content of the liquid crystal compound is within the above range, the degree of orientation of the dichroic material is further improved. The liquid crystal compound may be contained alone, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more types of liquid crystal compounds are contained, the content of the liquid crystal compounds refers to the total content of the liquid crystal compounds.

[0037] A dichroic material is a material whose absorbance varies depending on the direction. In an absorptive polarizer, the dichroic material may be fixed. Note that a dichroic material is a material that exhibits dichroism, and dichroism refers to the property of having different absorbance depending on the polarization direction.

[0038] The dichroic substance is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include visible light absorbing substances (dichroic dyes), luminescent substances (fluorescent substances, phosphorescent substances), ultraviolet absorbing substances, infrared absorbing substances, nonlinear optical substances, carbon nanotubes, and inorganic substances (e.g., quantum rods), and any conventionally known dichroic substance (preferably, dichroic dyes) can be used.

[0039] As the dichroic substance, a dichroic azo dye compound is preferred. A dichroic azo dye compound refers to an azo dye compound whose absorbance varies depending on the direction. A dichroic azo dye compound may or may not exhibit liquid crystallinity. When a dichroic azo dye compound exhibits liquid crystallinity, it may exhibit either nematic or smectic properties. The temperature range in which the liquid crystal phase is exhibited is preferably room temperature (approximately 20 to 28°C) to 300°C, and more preferably 50 to 200°C from the viewpoints of handleability and manufacturing suitability.

[0040] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of color adjustment, it is preferable to use at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 560 to 700 nm (hereinafter also abbreviated as "first dichroic azo dye compound") and at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm (hereinafter also abbreviated as "second dichroic azo dye compound"). Note that, from the viewpoint of excellent light fastness, it is preferable to contain two or more dye compounds (first dichroic azo dye compounds) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 560 to 700 nm.

[0041] In the present invention, three or more kinds of dichroic azo dye compounds may be used in combination. For example, in order to make the absorptive polarizer closer to black, it is preferable to use a first dichroic azo dye compound, a second dichroic azo dye compound, and at least one dye compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 455 nm in combination.

[0042] Dichroic materials that can be used in the present invention include those described in WO 2018 / 186503, WO 2019 / 189345, and WO 2018 / 124198.

[0043] The content of the dichroic substance is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 10% by mass or more, relative to the total mass of the absorptive polarizer. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and even more preferably 20% by mass or less.

[0044] In addition to the above-mentioned components, the absorptive polarizer may contain an adhesion improver, a plasticizer, a polymer, etc. Here, examples of the adhesion improver include the reactive additives listed in paragraphs

[0123] to

[0129] of JP 2019-91088 A and the boronic acid monomers listed in paragraphs

[0015] to

[0028] of WO 2015 / 053359 A.

[0045] In an absorptive polarizer, it is more preferable to align the dichroic material by utilizing the orientation of the liquid crystal compound. That is, by utilizing the technology of a guest-host liquid crystal cell, the dichroic material can be aligned as desired in association with the orientation of the host liquid crystal. Specifically, an absorptive polarizer can be produced by mixing a dichroic material as a guest with a liquid crystal compound as a host liquid crystal, orienting the host liquid crystal, and aligning the dichroic material along the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, and then fixing the alignment state.

[0046] [Other Members] The laminate of the present invention may include other members in addition to the above-described reflective polarizer and absorptive polarizer. The other members are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alignment film, a retardation layer, a front-surface antireflection layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a blocking layer, and a support.

[0047] (Alignment Film) The laminate of the present invention may include an alignment film. The position where the alignment film is disposed is not particularly limited, but it is preferably disposed between the absorptive polarizer and the reflective polarizer.

[0048] Alignment films can be formed by such means as rubbing an organic compound (preferably a polymer), oblique deposition of an inorganic compound, formation of a layer with microgrooves, or deposition of an organic compound (e.g., ω-tricosanoic acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, methyl stearate) by the Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB film). Furthermore, alignment films that exhibit alignment function upon application of an electric field, a magnetic field, or light irradiation (preferably polarized light) are also known.

[0049] The alignment film is preferably a photo-alignment film. The photo-alignment film is a film containing a compound having a photo-alignment group, and is a film that can be imparted with an alignment control force by exposure. As will be described later, by exposing the photo-alignment film through a reflective polarizer using the reflective polarizer as a mask, an alignment control force that can align the liquid crystal compound in a pattern corresponding to the arrangement pattern of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer can be imparted to the photo-alignment film. Examples of compounds having a photo-alignment group include azo compounds, cinnamate compounds, chalcone compounds, and coumarin compounds.

[0050] The absorption characteristics of the alignment film are not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the alignment film has absorption at wavelengths of 370 nm or more. When the alignment film has the above absorption characteristics, it becomes easier to use visible light in the exposure process using a reflective polarizer as a mask, which will be described later.

[0051] The thickness of the alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the alignment function, but is preferably 0.01 to 5.0 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 2.0 μm.

[0052] (Retardation Layer) The laminate of the present invention may include a retardation layer. The type of retardation layer is not particularly limited, but for example, the retardation layer may include a λ / 4 plate. A λ / 4 plate is a plate having a λ / 4 function, specifically, a plate having the function of converting linearly polarized light of a certain wavelength (preferably visible light) into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light). The in-plane retardation of the λ / 4 plate at a wavelength of 550 nm is not particularly limited, but is preferably 120 to 150 nm, more preferably 125 to 145 nm, and even more preferably 135 to 140 nm. In addition to λ / 4 plates, retardation layers whose in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm is 3 / 4 or 5 / 4 of the wavelength of any light in visible light are also preferred. The retardation layer may have reverse wavelength dispersion. Having reverse wavelength dispersion means that the value of retardation at that wavelength increases as the wavelength increases. The retardation layer may have a multilayer structure, and a specific example of such a structure is a broadband λ / 4 plate formed by laminating a λ / 4 plate and a λ / 2 plate. The angle between the slow axis of the retardation layer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is not particularly limited, but is preferably within the range of 45°±10°.

[0053] The retardation layer may be a layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound that is twisted and aligned with the thickness direction as a helical axis. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 05753922 and Japanese Patent No. 05960743, a retardation layer having a layer formed by fixing a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound or a discotic liquid crystal compound that is twisted and aligned with the thickness direction as a helical axis can be mentioned.

[0054] The retardation layer may include a positive C plate. A positive C plate is a retardation layer having an in-plane retardation of substantially zero and a negative retardation in the thickness direction. The positive C plate functions as an optical compensation layer for increasing the degree of polarization of transmitted light with respect to obliquely incident light. The in-plane retardation of the positive C plate at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 10 nm or less. The retardation of the positive C plate in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably −600 to −40 nm.

[0055] The material for forming the positive C plate is not particularly limited, but it is preferably formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound. Such a positive C plate can typically be obtained by vertically aligning a rod-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in a polymerizable liquid crystal composition and fixing the alignment state by polymerization. Alternatively, the positive C plate can be formed from a composition containing a side-chain polymer liquid crystal compound as the liquid crystal compound.

[0056] The thickness of the retardation layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 8 μm, more preferably 0.3 to 5 μm.

[0057] (Surface Antireflection Layer) The laminate of the present invention may include a surface antireflection layer. In the laminate of the present invention, the surface antireflection layer is preferably disposed on the surface-most side. The surface antireflection layer may be disposed on only one surface side of the laminate, or on both surfaces. The type of surface antireflection layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further reducing reflectance, moth-eye films and AR (Anti-Reflection) films are preferred. Furthermore, moth-eye films are preferred because they can maintain high antireflection performance even when the film thickness varies due to stretching and molding.

[0058] (Adhesive Layer) The laminate of the present invention may include an adhesive layer. When the laminate has an adhesive layer, the number of adhesive layers is preferably one or two. Examples of adhesives constituting the adhesive layer include pressure-sensitive adhesives and adhesives. Examples of adhesives include rubber-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, silicone-based adhesives, urethane-based adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether-based adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based adhesives, polyacrylamide-based adhesives, and cellulose-based adhesives, with acrylic-based adhesives (pressure-sensitive adhesives) being preferred. Examples of adhesives include aqueous adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, emulsion-based adhesives, solventless adhesives, active energy ray-curable adhesives, and heat-curable adhesives. Examples of active energy ray-curable adhesives include electron beam-curable adhesives, ultraviolet-curable adhesives, and visible light-curable adhesives, with ultraviolet-curable adhesives being preferred.

[0059] The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of thinning, it is preferably 25 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less, and even more preferably 5 μm or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, and it is often 0.1 μm or more.

[0060] (Support) The laminate of the present invention may include a support. The type of support is not particularly limited, but is preferably transparent. Examples include films of cellulose acylate, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, cyclic polyolefin, polyolefin, polyamide, polystyrene, and polyester. Among these, the support is preferably a cellulose acylate film, a cyclic polyolefin film, a polyacrylate film, or a polymethacrylate film. Commercially available cellulose acetate films (e.g., "TD80U" or "Z-TAC" manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation) can also be used. Furthermore, it is preferable that the support have a small phase difference. Specifically, the in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 10 nm or less, and the absolute value of the retardation in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 50 nm or less.

[0061] The thickness of the support is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 5 to 300 μm, more preferably from 5 to 100 μm.

[0062] The thickness of the laminate is not particularly limited, but is often 5 to 500 μm, and more often 5 to 300 μm.

[0063] [Method for Producing Laminate] The method for producing the above-mentioned laminate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an embodiment in which a photo-alignment film is used. One preferred embodiment of the method for producing a laminate includes the following steps 1A to 3A. Step 1A: A step of irradiating a photo-alignment film with light that has passed through a reflective polarizer. Step 2A: A step of applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material onto the photo-alignment film obtained in step 1A, thereby aligning the liquid crystal compound and obtaining an absorptive polarizer. Step 3A: A step of bonding the absorptive polarizer and the reflective polarizer to obtain a laminate. The procedures of the above steps are described in detail below.

[0064] [Step 1A] Step 1A is a step of irradiating a photo-alignment film with light transmitted through a reflective polarizer. In this step, the photo-alignment film is irradiated with light using the reflective polarizer as a mask, thereby imparting an alignment control force to the photo-alignment film. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, an irradiated substrate 24A including a support 20 and a photo-alignment film 22 is prepared, and the photo-alignment film 22 is exposed to light via a reflective polarizer 12. When the reflective polarizer 12 is irradiated with light from the direction indicated by the white arrow, polarized light along a transmission axis perpendicular to the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer 12 is transmitted, and the transmitted polarized light is irradiated onto the photo-alignment film 22. In this case, if a reflective polarizer 12 with a curved reflection axis RA, as shown in FIG. 2, is used as a mask, light of a pattern corresponding to the shape of the curved reflection axis RA is transmitted through the reflective polarizer 12. For example, if the photo-alignment film 22 is a photo-irradiated film containing an azo compound, when a liquid crystal compound disposed on the photo-alignment film 22 is aligned, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound becomes perpendicular to the irradiated polarized light. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , a photo-alignment film 30 containing an azo compound is irradiated with linearly polarized light indicated by the solid line to impart an alignment restraint force, and rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds are placed on the photo-alignment film 30 irradiated with the linearly polarized light and aligned. This allows the long axes of the rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds to be aligned in a direction perpendicular to the irradiated linearly polarized light (the direction indicated by the dashed line). Therefore, as in step 1A, when a liquid crystal compound is aligned on a photo-alignment film to which an alignment restraint force is imparted by light transmitted through a reflective polarizer, the liquid crystal compound can be aligned in a direction corresponding to the shape of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer. In this case, a dichroic substance used in combination with the liquid crystal compound is oriented in accordance with the alignment of the liquid crystal compound, and therefore oriented in the same direction as the liquid crystal compound. As a result, the dichroic substance can be aligned along the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer. The absorption axis of an absorptive polarizer containing such an oriented dichroic material is aligned with the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer.

[0065] The type of light irradiated onto the photo-alignment film through the reflective polarizer is not particularly limited, as long as it is light of a wavelength that is transmitted through the reflective polarizer and absorbed by the photo-alignment film. Examples include visible light and ultraviolet light. The optimum conditions for irradiating the photo-alignment film are selected depending on the material of the photo-alignment film used. In particular, the irradiation dose is preferably 5 to 1000 mJ / cm. ２ is preferred.

[0066] [Step 2A] Step 2A is a step of applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material onto the photo-alignment film obtained in Step 1A, aligning the liquid crystal compound, and obtaining an absorptive polarizer. By performing this step, an absorptive polarizer having an absorption axis extending in a predetermined direction is obtained. The liquid crystal compound and dichroic material used in the composition are as described above. The composition may further contain a solvent.

[0067] Examples of methods for applying the composition include known methods such as roll coating, gravure printing, spin coating, wire bar coating, extrusion coating, direct gravure coating, reverse gravure coating, die coating, spraying, and inkjet printing.

[0068] Next, a treatment is carried out to align the liquid crystal compound in the coating film. The alignment treatment may include a drying treatment. Components such as the solvent can be removed from the coating film by the drying treatment. The drying treatment may be carried out by leaving the coating film at room temperature for a predetermined time (for example, natural drying), or by heating and / or blowing air. When the drying treatment is carried out at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the liquid crystal compound contained in the coating film transitions from a liquid crystal phase to an isotropic phase, the heating treatment described below may not be carried out.

[0069] The alignment treatment preferably includes a heat treatment, which allows the liquid crystal compound contained in the coating film to be aligned. From the viewpoint of manufacturability, the heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 20 to 250°C, more preferably 25 to 190°C. The heating time is preferably 1 to 300 seconds, more preferably 1 to 60 seconds.

[0070] The alignment treatment may include a cooling treatment carried out after the heating treatment. The cooling treatment is a treatment for cooling the coating film after heating. This can fix the alignment of the liquid crystal compound contained in the coating film. The cooling method is not particularly limited and can be carried out by a known method. The optimal cooling temperature is selected depending on the liquid crystal compound used.

[0071] When the liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable group, it may be subjected to a curing treatment, such as a light irradiation treatment, if necessary.

[0072] [Step 3A] Step 3A is a step of bonding an absorptive polarizer and a reflective polarizer together to obtain a laminate. The method for bonding the absorptive polarizer and the reflective polarizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of bonding them together via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer such as an adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0073] Another preferred embodiment of the method for producing a laminate includes the following steps 1B to 2B: Step 1B: A step of irradiating a substrate to be irradiated, which includes a reflective polarizer and a photo-alignment film, with light from the reflective polarizer side, and irradiating the photo-alignment film with the light that has passed through the reflective polarizer; Step 2B: A step of applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material onto the photo-alignment film obtained in step 1B, and orienting the liquid crystal compound to obtain an absorptive polarizer and produce a laminate. The procedures of the above steps are described in detail below.

[0074] [Step 1B] Step 1B is a step of irradiating an irradiated substrate including a reflective polarizer and a photo-alignment film with light from the reflective polarizer side, and irradiating the photo-alignment film with the light transmitted through the reflective polarizer. In this step, as shown in Figure 8, an irradiated substrate 24A including a reflective polarizer 12 and a photo-alignment film 22 is irradiated with light from the reflective polarizer 12 side, as indicated by the white arrow. By performing this step, it is possible to impart to the photo-alignment film 22 an alignment control force that can align the liquid crystal compound in a pattern corresponding to the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer 12, as in the embodiment described in step 1A above.

[0075] The conditions for light irradiation include those described in step 1A.

[0076] [Step 2B] Step 2B is a step of producing a laminate by applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material onto the photo-alignment film obtained in Step 1B, aligning the liquid crystal compound, and obtaining an absorptive polarizer. By performing this step, a laminate including an absorptive polarizer 14, a photo-alignment film 22, and a reflective polarizer 12 is obtained, as shown in Figure 9. Examples of a method for forming the absorptive polarizer in Step 2B include the methods described above for Step 2B.

[0077] The above-mentioned laminate may be further processed into a non-planar shape. That is, the laminate of the present invention may have a non-planar portion. The entire film of the laminate may be a non-planar portion, or only a portion of the laminate may be a non-planar portion. When only a portion of the laminate is a non-planar portion, the other portion may be a planar portion. The non-planar portion means a portion having a non-planar shape. The non-planar shape means a shape other than a planar shape, and for example, a curved shape may be mentioned. That is, the non-planar portion may be a curved portion.

[0078] The above-mentioned curved surface shape refers to a shape having a curvature greater than zero, and includes developable curved surface shapes and three-dimensional curved surface shapes. A developable surface is a surface that can be developed into a plane without expanding or contracting any part of the surface. Examples of developable curved surface shapes include surfaces corresponding to cylindrical surfaces, elliptical cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, and elliptical conical surfaces, and may be convex or concave curved surfaces. A three-dimensional curved surface refers to a curved surface that cannot be formed by deformation of a plane, i.e., a curved surface that is not developable. Examples of three-dimensional curved surfaces include surfaces corresponding to spherical surfaces and spheroidal surfaces, and surfaces corresponding to curved surfaces whose cross sections form parabolas or hyperbolas (e.g., paraboloids of revolution), and may be convex or concave curved surfaces.

[0079] The curved surface shape is preferably a lens shape. Examples of the lens shape include a spherical shape and a shape of a body of revolution such as a spheroid, and the shape may be a convex lens shape or a concave lens shape.

[0080] When the non-planar portion of the laminate has a curved shape (when the non-planar portion is a curved portion), the radius of curvature of the non-planar portion of the laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 80 mm, more preferably 30 to 80 mm, and even more preferably 35 to 60 mm. The radius of curvature of the non-planar portion of the laminate may be constant or may vary at any position on the non-planar portion, and it is preferable that the radius of curvature at any position is within the above range. When the radius of curvature is constant at any position on the non-planar portion, the shape of the non-planar portion corresponds to a spherical shape.

[0081] When the non-planar portion of the laminate has a curved shape (when the non-planar portion is a curved portion), the minimum radius of curvature of the non-planar portion of the laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 80 mm, more preferably 35 to 60 mm, in terms of better effects of the present invention. When the non-planar portion of the laminate has a curved shape (when the non-planar portion is a curved portion), the maximum radius of curvature of the non-planar portion of the laminate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 35 to 80 mm, more preferably 35 to 60 mm.

[0082] When the curved surface shape of the non-planar portion of the laminate is a solid of revolution such as a spherical shape, a spheroidal shape, or a paraboloidal shape, the size of the non-planar portion when viewed from above in the direction of the axis of rotation of these shapes is not particularly limited, and the equivalent circle diameter of the non-planar portion is preferably 30 to 80 mm, more preferably 40 to 60 mm. The equivalent circle diameter is the diameter of a perfect circle having the same projected area as the projected area of ​​the non-planar portion when observed.

[0083] [Display Device (Virtual Reality Display Device)] The laminate of the present invention is applicable to various display devices, and is preferably applied to a virtual reality display device. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a virtual reality display device. The virtual reality display device 40 shown in Fig. 10 has, from the right side in the figure, an image display panel 42, a circular polarizer 44, a half mirror 46, a λ / 4 plate 48, and the laminate 10 of the present invention. Note that the laminate 10 used in Fig. 10 has the same configuration as the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 1.

[0084] In the virtual reality display device 40 shown in FIG. 10 , light emitted from the image display panel 42 passes through a circular polarizer 44 to become circularly polarized light, and then passes through a half mirror 46. Next, the light passes through a λ / 4 plate 48 to become linearly polarized light, and is then incident on and reflected from the reflective polarizer 12 included in the laminate 10 of the present invention. The light reflected by the reflective polarizer 12 passes through the λ / 4 plate 48 to become circularly polarized light, is reflected by the half mirror 46, passes through the λ / 4 plate 48 again to become linearly polarized light, and then enters the laminate 10. At this time, the polarization state of the light that re-enters the laminate 10 does not change when reflected by the laminate 10, but when reflected by the half mirror 46 and passes through the λ / 4 plate 48, it changes to linearly polarized light that is orthogonal to the linearly polarized light that initially entered the laminate 10. Therefore, the light passes through the laminate 10 and is visually recognized by the user. In the virtual reality display device 40, since the misalignment in direction between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer 12 and the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer 14 in the laminate 10 is small, the generation of light passing through the absorbing polarizer 14, as shown by the dashed arrow in Figure 10, is suppressed, and as a result, the generation of ghosts is suppressed.

[0085] The image display panel 42 is a known image display panel (display panel) such as an organic electroluminescence display panel. In the illustrated example, the image display panel 42 emits an unpolarized image (image light). The unpolarized image emitted by the image display panel 42 passes through the circular polarizer 44 and is converted into circularly polarized light.

[0086] [Example 1] [Preparation of Substrate] The following composition was charged into a mixing tank, stirred, and further heated at 90°C for 10 minutes. The resulting composition was then filtered through filter paper with an average pore size of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter with an average pore size of 10 μm to prepare a dope. The solid content of the dope was 23.5 mass%, the amount of plasticizer added was the ratio relative to the cellulose acylate, and the solvent for the dope was methylene chloride / methanol / butanol = 81 / 18 / 1 (mass ratio).

[0087] ------------------------------------------------ Cellulose acylate dope -------------------------------------------------- Cellulose acylate (acetyl substitution degree 2.86, viscosity average degree of polymerization 310) 100 parts by mass Sugar ester compound 1 (formula (S4) below) 6.0 parts by mass Sugar ester compound 2 (formula (S5) below) 2.0 parts by mass Silica particle dispersion (AEROSIL R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 0.1 part by mass Solvent (methylene chloride / methanol / butanol) 351.9 parts by mass --------------------------------------------------

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] The dope prepared above was cast using a drum film-forming machine. The dope was cast from a die onto a metal support cooled to 0°C, and the resulting web (film) was then peeled off from the drum. The drum was made of SUS (stainless steel).

[0091] The web (film) obtained by casting was peeled from the drum and dried for 20 minutes in a tenter apparatus, which clipped both ends of the web with clips while transporting the film at 30 to 40°C. The web was then post-dried by zone heating while being transported by a roll. The resulting web was knurled and then wound up to form cellulose acylate film A1. The resulting cellulose acylate film A1 had a thickness of 60 μm, an in-plane retardation Re(550) of 1 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and a thickness-direction retardation Rth(550) of 35 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm. The cellulose acylate film A1 was in a long shape.

[0092] [Formation of Blocking Layer B1] A blocking layer coating solution B1 having the following composition was continuously coated onto a cellulose acylate film A1 using a #17 wire bar. The coating was then dried with hot air at 100°C for 2 minutes to obtain a transparent support having a 1.2 μm-thick blocking layer B1 formed on the cellulose acylate film A1. The modified polyvinyl alcohol was added to the blocking layer coating solution B1 so that the solids concentration was 6.5% by mass. -------------------------------------------------- Composition of coating solution B1 for blocking layer -------------------------------------------------- 15 parts by mass of modified polyvinyl alcohol shown below 0.75 parts by mass of polymerization initiator IRGACURE 2959 (manufactured by BASF) 44 parts by mass of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 0.91 parts by mass of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 4.2 parts by mass of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) 166 parts by mass of water

[0093] Modified polyvinyl alcohol (weight average molecular weight: 14,000) (In the formula below, the numerical value for each repeating unit represents the content (% by mass) of each repeating unit relative to all repeating units.)

[0094]

[0095] [Formation of Photo-Alignment Film Z1] 2-butoxyethanol (41.6 parts by mass), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (41.6 parts by mass), and pure water (15.8 parts by mass) were added to a photo-alignment material C-1 (1 part by mass) having the following structure, and the resulting solution was pressure-filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter to prepare a coating solution Z1 for a photo-alignment film. Next, the resulting coating solution Z1 for a photo-alignment film was applied onto a blocking layer B1 and dried at 60°C for 1 minute. Thereafter, the resulting coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet light (illuminance 4.5 mW, exposure dose 300 mJ / cm) using an ultraviolet exposure device, using a reflective polarizer R1 prepared with reference to Comparative Example 6 described in JP-A No. 2023-093530 as a filter. ２ ) to prepare a photo-alignment film Z1 on the blocking layer B1. The photo-alignment film Z1 was irradiated with ultraviolet light that passed through a reflective polarizer R1. The reflective polarizer R1 included alternating layers of birefringent and isotropic layers and had a curved reflection axis as shown in FIG. 2. The birefringent layers included a random copolyester polymer of 90 mol % polyethylene naphthalate and 10 mol % polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and the isotropic layers included a polycarbonate / copolyester blend polymer and a copolyester.

[0096] Photo-alignment material C-1

[0097]

[0098] [Formation of Absorptive Polarizer C1] An absorptive polarizer-forming composition C1 having the following composition was continuously applied to the obtained photo-alignment film Z1 using a wire bar to form a coating film. The coating film was then heated at 130°C for 15 seconds and cooled to room temperature (23°C). The coating film was then heated at 75°C for 10 seconds and cooled to room temperature again. The coating film was then irradiated with light from an LED (light emitting diode) lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) at 300 mJ to form an absorptive polarizer C1 (thickness: 1.8 μm) on the photo-alignment film Z1. The width direction of the absorptive polarizer C1 was defined as the reference direction, and the direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the first direction, the direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the second direction, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the third direction. The following operation Y was performed in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the angle C in each direction was calculated. The interval between the 10 equally spaced positions was 100 mm. The equally spaced distance calculated by the above-mentioned method Z was also 100 mm. Operation Y: The absorption axis direction of the absorbing polarizer was measured at 10 equally spaced positions along one direction in the plane of the absorbing polarizer, and the largest angle C was calculated between two directions selected from the absorption axis directions of the absorbing polarizer at the 10 positions. Among the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, the direction with the largest angle C was the reference direction (the width direction of the absorbing polarizer C1), and the angle C in the reference direction was 4.2°. The smallest angle between two directions selected from the absorption axis directions of the absorbing polarizer at the above-mentioned 10 positions was 0°.

[0099] -------------------------------- Composition of composition C1 for forming absorption polarizer ------------------------------------------------ 0.19 parts by mass of dichroic substance Dye-C1 below 0.58 parts by mass of dichroic substance Dye-C2 below 0.19 parts by mass of dichroic substance Dye-M1 below 0.03 parts by mass of dichroic substance Dye-Y2 below 3.27 parts by mass of liquid crystal compound L-1 below 0.70 parts by mass of liquid crystal compound L-2 below 0.70 parts by mass of liquid crystal compound L-3 below 0.06 parts by mass of adhesion improver A-1 below 0.18 parts by mass of polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (manufactured by BASF) 0.009 parts by mass of surfactant F-3 below Cyclopentanone 91.75 parts by mass ・Benzyl alcohol 2.35 parts by mass ----------------------------------------------------------------

[0100] Dichroic substance Dye-C1

[0101]

[0102] Dichroic substance Dye-C2

[0103]

[0104] Dichroic substance Dye-M1

[0105]

[0106] Dichroic substance Dye-Y2

[0107]

[0108] Liquid crystal compound L-1 (weight average molecular weight: 18,000) (In the following formula, the numerical values ​​("59", "15", "26") shown for each repeating unit represent the content (% by mass) of each repeating unit relative to all repeating units.)

[0109]

[0110] Liquid crystal compound L-2 (a mixture of the following liquid crystal compounds (RA), (RB), and (RC) in a mass ratio of 84:14:2)

[0111]

[0112] Liquid crystal compound L-3

[0113]

[0114] Adhesion improver A-1

[0115]

[0116] Surfactant F-3 (weight average molecular weight: 15,000) (In the formula, the numerical value shown for each repeating unit represents the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total repeating units. Ac represents —C(O)CH ３ means.)

[0117]

[0118] [Formation of Protective Layer D1] A protective layer-forming coating solution D1 having the following composition was continuously applied onto an absorptive polarizer C1 using a wire bar. The coating was then dried with hot air at 80°C for 5 minutes and irradiated with 300 mJ using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) to form a 0.6 μm-thick protective layer D1 made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The resulting laminate had a cellulose acylate film A1, a blocking layer B1, a photoalignment film Z1, an absorptive polarizer C1, and a protective layer D1, in this order. Hereinafter, the resulting laminate will be referred to as an absorptive polarizer film A1. -------------------------------------------------- Composition of coating liquid D1 for forming protective layer -------------------------------------------------- 3.31 parts by mass of modified polyvinyl alcohol shown below 0.17 parts by mass of polymerization initiator IRGACURE 2959 (manufactured by BASF) 0.07 parts by mass of glutaraldehyde 0.05 parts by mass of pyridinium paratoluenesulfonate 0.0018 parts by mass of surfactant F-9 shown below 74.0 parts by mass of water 22.4 parts by mass of ethanol --------------------------------------------------

[0119] Modified polyvinyl alcohol (weight average molecular weight: 14,000) (In the formula below, the numerical value for each repeating unit represents the content (% by mass) of each repeating unit relative to all repeating units.)

[0120]

[0121] Surfactant F-9

[0122]

[0123] [Preparation of Laminate RA1] Subsequently, the protective layer D1 of the absorptive polarizer film A1 and the reflective polarizer R1 were bonded together by roll-to-roll bonding using an adhesive sheet "NCF-D692(5)" manufactured by Lintec Corporation, to prepare a laminate RA1 including a reflective polarizer, an adhesive, and an absorptive polarizer.

[0124] [Axial variation of laminate RA1] The width direction of laminate RA1 was defined as the reference direction, and the direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the first direction, the direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the second direction, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the third direction. The following operation X was performed in the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, and the angle A in each direction was calculated. The spacing between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The equally spaced distance calculated using the above-mentioned method Z was also 100 mm. Operation X: Measure the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer at 10 equally spaced locations along one direction in the plane of the laminate, and calculate the maximum angle A among the angles formed by two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer at the 10 locations. Of the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, the direction with the largest angle A was the reference direction (the width direction of the laminate RA1). Note that, in the laminate RA1, the angle A in the reference direction was 4.2°. When the angle B formed by the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer was measured at 10 equally spaced locations along the reference direction, the maximum value of the angle B at the 10 locations was 0.50°. In other words, the angle B was 0.50° or less at all 10 locations. Note that the interval between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The angle B formed by the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer was measured using an Axoscan (polarimeter) device manufactured by Axometrics and analysis software from the same company.

[0125] Examples 2 and 3 Laminates RA2 and RA3 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the photo-alignment material C-1 of the photo-alignment film Z1 was changed to photo-alignment material C-2 or C-3.

[0126] Photoalignment material C-2

[0127]

[0128] Photoalignment material C-3

[0129]

[0130] In the laminates RA2 and RA3, the maximum value of the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer, and the maximum angle C between two directions selected from the directions of the absorption axes of the absorptive polarizer, were measured according to the same procedure as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0131] [Example 4] A composition C2 for forming an absorptive polarizer having the following composition was continuously applied with a wire bar onto the photo-alignment film Z1 prepared in Example 1 to form a coating film. Next, the resulting coating film was heated at 120°C for 60 seconds and cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, the coating film was exposed to an exposure dose of 2000 mJ / cm using a high-pressure mercury lamp. ２ The absorptive polarizer C2 having a thickness of 2.5 μm was formed by irradiating the film with ultraviolet light of 1000 W at 1000 W. It was confirmed that the liquid crystal of the absorptive polarizer was in a smectic B phase.

[0132] -------------------------------- Composition of composition C2 for forming an absorptive polarizer-------------------------------- 0.8 parts by mass of dichroic dye D1 shown below 2.6 parts by mass of dichroic dye D2 shown below 2.2 parts by mass of dichroic dye D3 shown below 1.8 parts by mass of dichroic dye D4 shown below 100.0 parts by mass of liquid crystal compound M1 shown below 5.0 parts by mass of polymerization initiator IRGACURE369 (manufactured by BASF) 0.9 parts by mass of BYK361N (manufactured by BYK Japan) 925.0 parts by mass

[0133] Dichroic dye D1 (see structural formula below)

[0134]

[0135] Dichroic dye D2 (see structural formula below)

[0136]

[0137] Dichroic dye D3 (see structural formula below)

[0138]

[0139] Dichroic dye D4 (see structural formula below)

[0140]

[0141] Liquid crystal compound M1 (compound A / compound B mixed at 75 / 25) (compound A) (see structural formula below)

[0142]

[0143] (Compound B) (See structural formula below)

[0144]

[0145] [Formation of Protective Layer D2] A protective layer-forming coating solution D1 having the following composition was continuously applied onto the absorptive polarizer C2 using a wire bar. The coating was then dried with hot air at 80°C for 5 minutes and irradiated with 300 mJ using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) to form a 0.6 μm-thick protective layer D1 made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The resulting laminate had a cellulose acylate film A1, a blocking layer B1, a photo-alignment film Z1, an absorptive polarizer C2, and a protective layer D1, in this order. Hereinafter, the resulting laminate will be referred to as absorptive polarizer film A4.

[0146] [Preparation of Laminate RA4] Subsequently, the protective layer D1 of the absorptive polarizer film A4 and the reflective polarizer R1 were bonded together by roll-to-roll bonding using an adhesive sheet "NCF-D692(5)" manufactured by Lintec Corporation, to prepare a laminate RA4 including a reflective polarizer, an adhesive, and an absorptive polarizer.

[0147] In the laminate RA4, the maximum value of the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer, and the maximum angle C between two directions selected from the directions of the absorption axes of the absorptive polarizer, were measured according to the same procedure as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0148] [Example 5] [Formation of Blocking Layer B1] The above-described blocking layer coating solution B1 was continuously applied onto a reflective polarizer R1 using a #17 wire bar. Thereafter, the coating was dried for 2 minutes with hot air at 100°C to form a blocking layer B1 having a thickness of 1.2 µm on the reflective polarizer R1, thereby obtaining a laminate R1B1 including the reflective polarizer and the blocking layer.

[0149] [Formation of Photo-Alignment Film Z2] The above-described coating solution Z1 for photo-alignment film was applied onto the blocking layer B1 of the laminate R1B1 and dried for 1 minute at 60° C. Thereafter, the obtained coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet light (illuminance 4.5 mW, irradiation dose 300 mJ / cm) from the reflective polarizer R1 side using an ultraviolet exposure device. ２ ) to form a photo-alignment film Z2 on the laminate R1B1. The photo-alignment film Z2 was irradiated with ultraviolet light that had passed through the reflective polarizer R1.

[0150] [Formation of Absorptive Polarizer C3] The absorptive polarizer-forming composition C1 was continuously applied to the obtained photo-alignment film Z2 using a wire bar to form a coating film. Next, the coating film was heated at 130°C for 15 seconds and cooled to room temperature (23°C). Next, the coating film was heated at 75°C for 10 seconds and cooled to room temperature again. Thereafter, an absorptive polarizer C3 (thickness: 1.8 μm) was formed on the photo-alignment film Z2 by irradiating it with light using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) at an irradiation condition of 300 mJ.

[0151] [Formation of Protective Layer D1] The coating solution D1 was continuously applied onto the absorptive polarizer C3 using a wire bar. The coating was then dried with hot air at 80°C for 5 minutes, and irradiated with 300 mJ using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) to form a 0.6 μm-thick protective layer D1 made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The resulting laminate RA5 included, in this order, a reflective polarizer R1, a blocking layer B1, a photoalignment film Z2, an absorptive polarizer C3, and a protective layer D1.

[0152] In the laminate RA5, the maximum value of the angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer, and the maximum angle C between two directions selected from the directions of the absorption axes of the absorptive polarizer, were measured according to the same procedure as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0153] Comparative Example 1 Preparation of PVA Polarizer P1 A long, amorphous, isophthalic-copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 100 μm) with a water absorption rate of 0.75% and a Tg of approximately 75°C was used as the resin substrate. One side of the resin substrate was subjected to a corona treatment. A PVA-based resin (100 parts by mass of a 9:1 mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: 4200, degree of saponification: 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "GOHSEFIRMER Z410") was prepared, and 13 parts by mass of potassium iodide was added to the resulting mixture, which was then dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous PVA solution (coating solution). The PVA aqueous solution was applied to the corona-treated surface of the resin substrate and dried at 60°C to form a 13 μm-thick PVA-based resin layer, thereby producing a laminate. The obtained laminate was free-end uniaxially stretched 2.4 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) between rolls with different peripheral speeds in an oven at 130°C (in-air auxiliary stretching treatment). The laminate was then immersed in an insolubilizing bath (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 4.0 mass% of boric acid with 100 mass parts of water) at a liquid temperature of 40°C for 30 seconds (insolubilization treatment). The laminate was then immersed in a dyeing bath (an iodine aqueous solution obtained by blending iodine and potassium iodide in a mass ratio of 1:7 with 100 mass parts of water) at a liquid temperature of 30°C for 60 seconds while adjusting the concentration so that the single transmittance (Ts) of the final polarizer was 43.0% or more (dyeing treatment). The laminate was then immersed in a crosslinking bath (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 3 mass parts of potassium iodide and 5 mass parts of boric acid with 100 mass parts of water) at a liquid temperature of 40°C for 30 seconds (crosslinking treatment). The laminate was then immersed in a boric acid aqueous solution (boric acid concentration 4.0% by mass, potassium iodide concentration 5% by mass) at a liquid temperature of 70°C, and uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) between rolls with different peripheral speeds to a total stretch ratio of 5.5 times (underwater stretching treatment). The laminate was then immersed in a cleaning bath (aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by mass of potassium iodide with 100 parts by mass of water) at a liquid temperature of 20°C (washing treatment). The laminate was then dried in an oven maintained at 90°C, and brought into contact with a SUS heated roll maintained at a surface temperature of 75°C for about 2 seconds (drying shrinkage treatment). The shrinkage rate of the laminate in the width direction due to the drying shrinkage treatment was 5.2%.In this way, a PVA polarizer P1 having a thickness of 5 μm was formed on the resin substrate. The width direction of the PVA polarizer P1 was defined as the reference direction, and the direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the first direction, the direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the second direction, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the third direction. The following operation Y was performed in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the angle C in each direction was calculated. The interval between the 10 equally spaced positions was 100 mm. The equally spaced distance calculated by the above-described method Z was also 100 mm. Procedure Y: Measure the direction of the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer at 10 equally spaced locations along one direction in the plane of the absorptive polarizer, and calculate the largest angle C between two directions selected from the absorption axis directions of the absorptive polarizer at the 10 locations. Among the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, the direction with the largest angle C was the reference direction (the width direction of the PVA polarizer P1), and the angle C in the reference direction was 0.4°.

[0154] [Preparation of Laminate RA11] The PVA polarizer P1 and the reflective polarizer R1 were cut into sheets, and the sheets were bonded together in a sheet-to-sheet manner using an adhesive sheet "NCF-D692(5)" manufactured by Lintec Corporation so that the absorption axis of the PVA polarizer P1 and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer were aligned, thereby preparing a laminate RA11 including the reflective polarizer, adhesive, and PVA polarizer.

[0155] [Axial Variation of Laminate RA11] The width direction of the laminate RA11 was defined as the reference direction, and the direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the first direction, the direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the second direction, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the third direction. The following operation X was performed in the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, and the angle A in each direction was calculated. The spacing between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The equally spaced distance calculated using the above-described method Z was also 100 mm. Procedure X: Measure the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer at 10 equally spaced locations along one direction in the plane of the laminate, and calculate the maximum angle A between two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer at the 10 locations. Among the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, the direction with the largest angle A was the reference direction (the width direction of the laminate RA11). The angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer was measured at 10 equally spaced locations along the reference direction, and the maximum value of the angle B at the 10 locations was 2.0°. The interval between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer was measured using an Axoscan (polarimeter) device from Axometrics and its analysis software.

[0156] [Comparative Example 2] [Formation of Photo-Alignment Film Z12] The above-described coating solution Z1 for photo-alignment film was applied to a transparent support 1 and dried at 60°C for 1 minute. Thereafter, the obtained coating film was irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light (illuminance 4.5 mW, irradiation dose 300 mJ / cm) using a UV exposure device, using a wire grid polarizer manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation as a filter. ２ ) to prepare a photo-alignment film Z12.

[0157] [Formation of Absorptive Polarizer C12] On the obtained photo-alignment film Z12, the composition C1 for forming an absorptive polarizer having the following composition was continuously applied with a wire bar to form a coating film. Next, the coating film was heated at 130°C for 15 seconds and cooled to room temperature (23°C). Next, the coating film was heated at 75°C for 10 seconds and cooled to room temperature again. Thereafter, an absorptive polarizer C12 (thickness: 1.8 μm) was formed on the photo-alignment film Z12 by irradiating with light at 300 mJ using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm).

[0158] The width direction of the absorptive polarizer C12 was taken as the reference direction, and the direction rotated 45° clockwise with respect to the reference direction was taken as the first direction, the direction rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the reference direction was taken as the second direction, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise with respect to the reference direction was taken as the third direction. The following operation Y was performed in the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, and the angle C in each direction was calculated. The spacing between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The equally spaced distance calculated by the above-mentioned method Z was also 100 mm. Procedure Y: Measure the direction of the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer at 10 equally spaced locations along one direction in the plane of the absorptive polarizer, and calculate the largest angle C between two directions selected from the directions of the absorption axes of the absorptive polarizer at the 10 locations. Among the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, the direction with the largest angle C was the reference direction (the width direction of the absorptive polarizer C12), and the angle C in the reference direction was 0.4°.

[0159] [Formation of Protective Layer D1] Coating Solution D1 was continuously applied onto the absorptive polarizer C12 using a wire bar. The coating was then dried with hot air at 80°C for 5 minutes and irradiated with 300 mJ using an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) to form a 0.6 μm-thick protective layer D1 made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The resulting laminate contained, in this order, a cellulose acylate film A1, a blocking layer B1, a photoalignment film Z12, an absorptive polarizer C12, and a protective layer D1. Hereinafter, the resulting laminate will be referred to as an absorptive polarizer film A12.

[0160] [Preparation of Laminate RA12] The absorptive polarizer film A12 and the reflective polarizer R1 were cut into sheets, and the protective layer D1 of the absorptive polarizer film A12 and the reflective polarizer R1 were bonded together in a sheet-to-sheet manner using an adhesive sheet "NCF-D692(5)" manufactured by Lintec Corporation so that the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer film A12 and the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer were aligned, thereby preparing a laminate RA12 including a reflective polarizer, an adhesive, and an absorptive polarizer.

[0161] [Axial variation of laminate RA12] The width direction of laminate RA12 was defined as the reference direction, and the direction rotated 45° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the first direction, the direction rotated 90° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the second direction, and the direction rotated 135° clockwise from the reference direction was defined as the third direction. The following operation X was performed in the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, and the angle A in each direction was calculated. The spacing between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The equally spaced distance calculated using the above-described method Z was also 100 mm. Procedure X: Measure the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer at 10 equally spaced locations along one direction in the plane of the laminate, and calculate the maximum angle A between two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer at the 10 locations. Among the reference direction, first direction, second direction, and third direction, the direction with the largest angle A was the reference direction (the width direction of the laminate RA12). The angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer was measured at 10 equally spaced locations along the reference direction, and the maximum value of the angle B at the 10 locations was 1.8°. The interval between the 10 equally spaced locations was 100 mm. The angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer was measured using an Axoscan (polarimeter) device from Axometrics and its analysis software.

[0162] Note that the photo-alignment films Z1 to Z3 all contained an azo compound and had absorption at wavelengths of 370 nm or more. The single-plate transmittance of the absorptive polarizers C1 to C3 was 40% or more, and the polarization degree of the absorptive polarizers C to C3 was 99% or more. The laminates RA1 to RA5 also satisfied the above-mentioned requirements 1 to 4. The laminates RA1 to RA5 were also wound to obtain wound bodies.

[0163] [Implementation Evaluation] A virtual reality display device "Quest Pro" manufactured by Meta Inc. was disassembled, and a lens unit consisting of a reflective polarizer, an absorptive polarizer, and a λ / 4 plate was removed. The reflective polarizer and absorptive polarizer were removed from the lens unit, and instead, the absorptive polarizer side of the laminate RA1 manufactured in Example 1 was attached to the lens using an adhesive sheet "NCF-D692(5)" manufactured by Lintec Corporation, and the device was incorporated into the main body, thereby producing the virtual reality display device of Example 1. In the manufactured virtual reality display device, a gray image was displayed on the image display panel, and color unevenness was visually evaluated using the following three-point scale. The results are shown in the table. For practical purposes, A or B is preferable.

[0164] [Ghosting Evaluation] A: Slightly visible but not bothersome. B: Weak color unevenness is visible. C: Strong color unevenness is visible.

[0165] The laminates RA2 to RA5 produced in Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used instead of the laminate RA1, and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as above. The "Maximum value of angle A" column in Table 1 indicates the largest value of angle A in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction for the laminates of each Example and Comparative Example.

[0166]

[0167] As shown in Table 1, the desired effects were obtained when the laminate of the present invention was used. In particular, Example 5 was produced by a method of forming an absorptive polarizer by applying a composition onto a reflective polarizer (direct lamination), and the effects of the present invention were even more excellent.

[0168] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Laminate 12 Reflective polarizer 14 Absorptive polarizer 20 Support 22 Photo-alignment film 24A, 24B Irradiated substrate 30 Photo-alignment film containing azo compound 40 Virtual reality display device 42 Image display device 44 Circular polarizer 46 Half mirror 48 λ / 4 plate

Claims

1. A laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer, wherein one direction within the plane of the laminate is defined as a reference direction, a direction rotated 45° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a first direction, a direction rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a second direction, and a direction rotated 135° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a third direction, a laminate in which the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 locations spaced at equal intervals along one direction in the plane of the laminate, and an operation of calculating an angle A that is the maximum among the angles formed by two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer at the 10 locations is performed in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the direction in which the angle A is largest is selected from the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and an angle B between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorbing polarizer is measured at 10 locations spaced at equal intervals along the selected direction, and the angle B is less than 1.0° at all positions.

2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the direction of the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer is measured at 10 points spaced at equal intervals along the selected direction, and the maximum angle between two directions selected from the directions of the reflection axes of the reflective polarizer at the 10 points is 0.5 to 5.0°.

3. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the absorptive polarizer comprises a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material.

4. The laminate according to claim 3, wherein the content of the dichroic material is 10 mass % or more based on the total mass of the absorptive polarizer.

5. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the absorptive polarizer has a single transmittance of 40% or more and a degree of polarization of 99% or more.

6. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an alignment film is disposed between the reflective polarizer and the absorptive polarizer.

7. The laminate according to claim 6, wherein the alignment film has absorption at wavelengths of 370 nm or longer.

8. The laminate according to claim 6, wherein the alignment film contains an azo compound.

9. A display device comprising the laminate according to claim 1 or 2.

10. The display device of claim 9 which is a virtual reality display device.

11. A rolled body of a long laminate including a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer, wherein the angle between the reflection axis of the reflective polarizer and the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 locations equally spaced along the width direction of the laminate, and the angle is less than 1.0° at all positions.

12. An absorptive polarizer, wherein, when one direction within the plane of the absorptive polarizer is defined as a reference direction, a direction rotated 45° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a first direction, a direction rotated 90° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a second direction, and a direction rotated 135° clockwise with respect to the reference direction is defined as a third direction, the direction of the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer is measured at 10 points spaced equally apart along one direction within the plane of the absorptive polarizer, and an operation of calculating an angle C that is maximum among the angles formed by two directions selected from the directions of the absorption axis of the absorptive polarizer at the 10 points is performed in the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, and the angle C in the direction in which the angle C is largest among the reference direction, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction is 0.5 to 5.0°.

13. A method for producing the laminate described in claim 1 or 2, comprising: step 1A of irradiating a photo-alignment film with light that has been transmitted through the reflective polarizer; step 2A of applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance onto the photo-alignment film obtained in step 1A, thereby orienting the liquid crystal compound to obtain the absorptive polarizer; and step 3A of bonding the absorptive polarizer and the reflective polarizer to produce the laminate.

14. A method for producing a laminate according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: step 1B of irradiating an irradiated substrate including a reflective polarizer and a photo-alignment film with light from the reflective polarizer side, and irradiating the photo-alignment film with the light that has passed through the reflective polarizer; and step 2B of applying a composition including a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance onto the photo-alignment film obtained in step 1B, thereby orienting the liquid crystal compound to obtain the absorptive polarizer and produce the laminate.

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