Method for controlling environment of enclosed, insulated vertical plant cultivation greenhouse using both natural and artificial light by using machine learning technology

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-story plant cultivation system using both natural light and artificial light. More specifically, the present invention relates to a natural / artificial light hybrid type plant cultivation system that controls the environment inside the system by means of a natural light control unit, an artificial light control unit, a cultivation environment control unit, and a nutrient solution control unit, and utilizes artificial intelligence that is trained on the basis of machine learning so as to learn a state of a cultivated plant, environmental conditions, a user response, and cultivation condition variable factors that change depending on the state of the plant, the environmental conditions, and the user response.

Description

A method for controlling the environment of a vertical greenhouse with an insulated, enclosed plant cultivation system that combines natural and artificial light using machine learning technology.

[0001] The present invention relates to an environmental control method for an insulated and sealed vertical plant cultivation greenhouse that uses natural light and artificial light in combination using machine learning techniques.

[0002] The present invention is an extension of the development of technology to construct a greenhouse environment for plant cultivation that can improve yield per unit area with low investment, and was designed to suggest a method to prevent farmers' cultivation failures by enabling precise greenhouse environment control using machine learning technology.

[0003] Recently, crop cultivation methods have been shifting from open-field cultivation, which has become difficult to adapt to climate change, to facility cultivation such as vinyl houses or glass greenhouses. Research has continued to improve the quality, growth period, and yield of cultivated crops by controlling the cultivation facility environment using various sensors and ICT equipment. However, vinyl houses and glass greenhouses have poor insulation performance, resulting in large differences in heating and cooling temperatures, making it very difficult to maintain the optimal temperature for crop growth. Consequently, excessive heating and cooling costs were required to maintain the temperature inside the facility. Furthermore, it was impossible to effectively respond to excessive or insufficient light due to changes in natural light due to weather and seasonal factors. In addition, because side windows or ceilings must be opened and closed to maintain temperature and ventilation inside the greenhouse, it was difficult to prevent the invasion of various pests, diseases, and viruses depending on the airflow. Therefore, improvements were needed in this regard.

[0004] Research has been conducted on plant cultivation facilities that utilize artificial light to effectively control the crop cultivation environment, and effective environmental control of light, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, etc. for crop cultivation has become possible, dramatically increasing the yield per unit area. However, the problem has arisen that the excessive electricity cost required for light procurement offsets the effect of increasing yield, making it difficult to secure profits.

[0005] Recently, attempts have been made to utilize machine learning technology, which can learn from externally provided data, to create a virtual cultivation environment (digital twin) that simulates the actual cultivation environment. Then, machine learning techniques are used to train cultivation-related data, and cultivation simulations are conducted to determine optimal cultivation methods. However, this method is inefficient, as it consumes enormous costs and time to control numerous variables such as cultivation environment data, crop characteristics, climate conditions, and changes in cultivation environment. However, artificial intelligence excels in linking specific cultivation environments and growth information to identify optimal cultivation methods within a given environment, and therefore, it is worth actively utilizing this technology.

[0006] The present invention proposes a method for environmental control of a natural light and artificial light combined insulated sealed vertical cultivation greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as a natural light vertical farm) through machine learning without cultivation failure, a method for constructing a natural light vertical farm facility, a method for configuring an environmental control module, and a method for learning by linking the operation data of the environmental control module with the growth information of crops.

[0007] In relation to the construction of a natural-light vertical farm, to overcome the problem of temperature deviation within the greenhouse, a portion of the greenhouse's outer wall will be insulated to improve temperature maintenance performance and reduce heating and cooling costs. To address the issue of light procurement costs, a method of utilizing natural light and supplementing with artificial light will be used, while providing sufficient light necessary for crop growth in response to changes in climate and weather conditions, thereby eliminating growth deviation and drastically reducing artificial light usage costs. To overcome damage from diseases and pests, a sealed greenhouse will be constructed, and a ground heat exchange heating and cooling device will be used to reduce heating and cooling energy. A cultivation facility that enables eco-friendly cultivation by reducing water and fertilizer usage will be constructed, and a facility that enables a dramatic increase in yield through vertical cultivation will be proposed. Furthermore, to control the environment of the constructed cultivation facility, four modules will be configured: a natural light control unit, an artificial light control unit, a cultivation environment control unit, and a nutrient solution control unit. The goal is to propose a method of learning through machine learning by matching the operating data of each module with actual growth information.

[0008] In the present invention, an insulated, sealed vertical plant cultivation greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as a vertical farm) that uses both natural and artificial light is actually constructed, and four modules (a natural light control unit, an artificial light control unit, a cultivation environment control unit, and a nutrient solution control unit) capable of controlling the constructed vertical farm cultivation environment are constructed, and the operating data of each module and the growth data of the cultivated crops are directly input and linked to each other to provide a method for repeated learning using a machine learning technique.

[0009] Accordingly, according to one aspect of the present invention, a natural light and artificial light combined insulation sealed vertical plant cultivation system (abbreviated as natural light vertical farm) (1) is provided, comprising:

[0010] A database unit (10) including a plant information database (11) storing growth and cultivation data necessary for plant cultivation, and an integrated operation history database (12) storing data received from a plant status data acquisition unit (21), data received from a cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit (22), user responses received from a user response reception unit (25), and operation history including changed cultivation condition elements; a plant status data acquisition unit (21) for acquiring video and / or images taken at predetermined points in time for predetermined periods of time of plants being cultivated in a predetermined area within the plant cultivation system; a cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit (22) for acquiring plant cultivation environment condition data within the plant cultivation system; an information display unit (23) for displaying information received from the plant status data acquisition unit (21) and / or the cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit (22) to a user; a user response input unit (24) for inputting a user response to a plant cultivation element of the plant cultivation system; a user response reception unit (25) for receiving a response input to the user response input unit; A change factor calculation unit (30) for calculating a cultivation condition change factor based on a response from the user response receiving unit and / or information stored in the database unit (10); and an integrated control unit (40) including a natural light control unit (41) for controlling natural light, an artificial light control unit (42) for controlling artificial light, a cultivation environment control unit (43) for controlling an air environment including temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and a nutrient solution control unit (44) for controlling a condition of a nutrient solution supplied to a cultivation plant, and controlling at least one condition among natural light, artificial light, a cultivation environment, and a nutrient solution according to information received from the change factor calculation unit (30).

[0011] The present invention matches the data of the actual cultivation environment control module with the growth information generated therefrom, so learning is performed with actual data, not virtual data, and the artificial intelligence learning model is designed with the goal of revealing the correlation between the four control units of a vertical farm utilizing natural light and the growth information, so the purpose of the data input for artificial intelligence learning is clear, the amount of data is very small, and the reliability of the data learned by artificial intelligence is secured, so there is almost no failure probability of the cultivation method acquired through machine learning, the construction cost is low, and the construction period is also shortened.

[0012] By utilizing the present invention, it is possible to find a method to improve and maintain the unstable cultivation environment in a vertical farm caused by irregular natural light to an optimal state for crop growth by utilizing machine learning techniques, thereby enabling stable vertical farm environment control regardless of season, climate, or region, and securing a method for constructing a vertical farm that utilizes the best natural light that eliminates cultivation failures, reduces cultivation costs such as energy costs, controls pests and diseases, increases yields, and improves quality.

[0013] In addition, the plant cultivation system (1) according to the present invention can selectively utilize artificial light and natural light simultaneously, and when natural light is insufficient, it is completely opened by opening and closing the primary external shading facility (103a, 103b) installed outside the transparent glass and plastic greenhouse window of the light-intake section (101) of the plant cultivation system (1), and when natural light is excessive, it is blocked as much as necessary, so that sufficient light can be introduced into the greenhouse to satisfy the DLI, and the light introduced into the greenhouse through the ceiling partition (120) is secondarily diffused so that natural light can reach every corner of the greenhouse, thereby reducing the amount of artificial light used and saving energy costs for light procurement.

[0014] In addition, the plant cultivation system (1) according to the present invention can always maintain a constant temperature suitable for plant growth through insulation by a shading insulation unit, floor heating and cooling at the bottom and ceiling heating and cooling by a fan coil unit, and temperature-controlled air circulated by an air circulation unit. By maintaining such an optimal temperature for growth, it is possible to bring about the effects of crop growth and development and improved yield.

[0015] In addition, since not only the temperature but also the carbon dioxide concentration and humidity can be controlled simultaneously by a single air circulation unit, the growing environment can be maintained efficiently and conveniently, and since the growing temperature, humidity, and CO2 can be maintained relatively uniformly, the growth deviation between multiple multi-layer planting layers can be minimized, enabling multi-layer cultivation to be implemented.

[0016] Additionally, the greenhouse is sealed and has an air circulation unit combined with a plant cultivation unit to circulate the air inside the housing in various directions, allowing a breeze to circulate around the crops, which can reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.

[0017] Figure 1 is a configuration diagram of a plant cultivation system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a system housing portion (100) of a plant cultivation system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a temperature control unit (300), a system housing unit (100), and a state in which they are combined in a plant cultivation system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a plant cultivation unit (200) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an air circulation unit (400), a plant cultivation unit (200), and a state in which they are combined according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 shows an example of dividing each plant growing layer into multiple sectors based on a grade determined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant growing layer within the plant growing system.

[0023] In FIG. 7, (a) is a perspective view schematically illustrating an example of a pipe (420) for a support frame of an air circulation unit (400) according to one embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a perspective view schematically illustrating an example of a three-hole fastener for connecting pipes (420) for a support frame, and (c) is a perspective view schematically illustrating an example of a four-hole fastener.

[0024] FIG. 8 is a top view schematically illustrating a state in which a water movement pipe (510) of a temperature control unit (300) and an air movement pipe (610) of an air circulation unit (400) are combined according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Hereinafter, a plant cultivation system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0026] In this specification, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) is the amount of photons falling on an area of ​​1 square meter for 1 second (μmol / m 2 / s) indicates the PPFD. PPFD is the minimum requirement for plants to photosynthesize, and generally, the higher the PPFD, the more photosynthetic activity is promoted, and the light quantity indicated in the present invention refers to the amount of light particles of PPFD. In the case of leafy vegetables, it is about 350 μmol / m 2 / s is known to be required. PPFD can be measured by a light sensor, but light sensors are expensive and have the problem of having to be installed in each layer when growing in multiple layers.

[0027] Meanwhile, in this specification, DLI (Daily Light Integral) refers to the photon density (expressed in mol / ㎡day) that must be provided per day. Plants' photosynthesis is promoted as PPFD increases, but they cannot photosynthesize indefinitely. The photosynthetic capacity of plants is limited, and therefore the amount of light they use per day is also limited. This is expressed as Daily Light Integral (DLI). For all plants, the photosynthetic efficiency drops sharply when the DLI is met, and light exceeding the DLI contributes very little to photosynthesis. Therefore, light exceeding the DLI rarely causes growth deviation. However, if the DLI required by each plant is not met due to light insufficiency, the photosynthetic amount of the crop decreases, resulting in growth deviation. Therefore, in order to minimize growth deviation of each plant, it is very important to provide light exceeding the minimum amount that satisfies the DLI required by each crop. Each plant has a different DLI requirement, and for leafy greens, the DLI value is known to be between 14 (minimum) and 17 (optimal).

[0028] In this specification, the data stored in the plant information database (11) may include required DLI by plant species and growth cycle, light saturation point by plant species and growth cycle, light compensation point by plant species and growth cycle, required wavelength by plant species and growth cycle, etc.

[0029] In this specification, data stored in the integrated operation history database (12) may include initial light irradiation area, initial light intensity (illuminance), initial light wavelength, 1, 2, ..., Nth adjusted light irradiation area, 1, 2, ..., Nth adjusted light intensity, 1, 2, ..., Nth adjusted light wavelength, optimal light intensity, optimal light wavelength, etc. In addition, with respect to cultivated plants currently being cultivated in the system, plant height (size), size of leaves or flowers or fruits, number of leaves or flowers or fruits, color of leaves or flowers or fruits, light reflectance value, growth speed, and stress status, etc. may be stored.

[0030] In the present invention, natural light may be sunlight, and artificial light may be an LED, a halogen lamp, etc., and the LED may be a three-wavelength LED.

[0031]

[0032] In the multi-layer plant cultivation system (1) using both natural light and artificial light of the present invention, the change factor calculation unit (30) may include artificial intelligence based on machine learning. The artificial intelligence may learn the plant condition image and / or video of the plant condition data acquisition unit (21), the plant cultivation environment conditions of the cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit (22), the response received from the user response reception unit (25), and the calculated cultivation condition change factor, and may calculate the cultivation condition change factor based on the learned content, and may transmit the learned content to the database unit (10) to update the database.

[0033] Specifically, the present invention consists of a greenhouse environment control artificial intelligence (machine learning) that learns operating data and actual growth data for four control units. The artificial intelligence learns the greenhouse cultivation environment control data and classifies its characteristics, analyzes the efficiency and data suitability of each control unit, analyzes the correlation between the growth data for each growth stage of the crop and each control unit, explores the reason for the occurrence of growth deviation and establishes a treatment standard for the same, diagnoses the pattern of pests and diseases and traces the cause of occurrence, and explores the optimal answer for a method to secure the highest yield and a method to improve quality. In addition, the artificial intelligence is trained to suggest an environmental control method that can use the lowest energy cost through cross-learning the operating data and growth information data for each control unit with electricity usage data.

[0034] These machine learning techniques are not limited to a single plant cultivation system; systems can be built to collect data from multiple identical systems and manage this data in an integrated manner.

[0035] In a plant cultivation system, the greenhouse environment control artificial intelligence through machine learning can be linked with a generative artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) to report information on greenhouse environment control to a user (e.g., a farmer) through an information display unit (23), and the user's decisions and instructions can be received from a user response receiving unit (25) and transmitted to the greenhouse environment control artificial intelligence of the change factor generating unit (30) for execution.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the plant condition data acquisition unit (21) may acquire data on the condition of a plant planted in a flowerpot by means of a video, image, or video and image using a photographing device such as a camera installed in the plant cultivation unit (200). Using the video or image, the change factor calculation unit or the user can check the degree of plant growth, the degree of nutrient supply, the presence or absence of pests and diseases, the weight, size, color, poor growth, growth damage, etc. of the harvested product.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit (22) may acquire data measured from at least one sensor selected from among a light sensor, a temperature detection sensor, a humidity detection sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor, a water level confirmation sensor for measuring the nutrient solution level under a flowerpot, and a soil quality measurement sensor.

[0038] In addition, the user response receiving unit (25) is configured with a function to provide feedback on the results of machine learning to correct and supplement them, and a function to verify reliability by judging the performance of the results of machine learning when applied to actual crop cultivation.

[0039]

[0040] According to one embodiment, the multi-layer plant cultivation system (1) using both natural light and artificial light includes a system housing (100) including a light-gathering unit (101) that allows natural light to enter and a light-gathering insulation unit (102) that blocks the natural light, and an external shading screen (103) is installed on the light-gathering unit (101), and the change factor calculating unit (30) compares (a) PPFD (photosynthetic effective light flux density) calculated according to a light unit conversion standard from illuminance measured by an illuminance sensor, and (b) PPFD required within the sunshine hours calculated based on a target DLI (daily integrated light) and an average sunshine hours for each plant type, and calculates a control value of the external shading screen based on the comparison value between (a) and (b), and the natural light control unit (41) controls the external shading screen according to the control value to supplement or block natural light.

[0041] More specifically, with respect to the natural light control unit (41) of the present invention, the natural light control unit in the present invention measures the illuminance of sunlight at a set time unit, converts the measured illuminance into PPFD, compares the illuminance of the day with the seasonal and daily average data, and determines whether the illuminance of the day (PPFD) satisfies the required DLI of sector A in the system. If the illuminance is excessive, the shade is operated, and if the illuminance is insufficient, the shade is not operated and the related data is transmitted to the artificial light control unit.

[0042] When the incoming light exceeds the DLI, the system calculates the effective level of shading and calculates how much cooling energy is needed to maintain optimal greenhouse temperature. This calculation then determines the optimal value, allowing a decision to operate the shading system as needed. Furthermore, the system considers the potential for growth deviations if excessive light enters the plant cultivation system, allowing for appropriate decision-making.

[0043] In the natural light control unit (41), artificial intelligence records and learns data on changes in the illuminance of natural light for each set time unit, and in conjunction with the artificial light control unit, it cross-learns changes in growth status according to differences in light reach for each crop, the degree of growth deviation for each crop according to changes in light quantity, and energy costs for maintaining growth temperature according to changes in light quantity, etc., to search for an optimal natural light control method.

[0044] Without artificial intelligence learning, it is nearly impossible for humans to comprehensively control the vertical farm environment, such as measuring changes in the amount of light inflow according to changes in natural light over time and supplementing artificial light in real time, or tracking changes in growth status according to differences in light reach. Therefore, utilizing the present invention has the advantage of enabling more precise and effective control of the above.

[0045]

[0046] According to one embodiment, the multi-layer plant cultivation system (1) of the present invention, which uses both natural light and artificial light, includes a vertical plant cultivation section that is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting section that selectively irradiates artificial light.

[0047] The above change factor calculating unit (30) comprises: (a) a step of distinguishing each plant cultivation layer into two or more sectors based on two or more grades determined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer within the plant cultivation system; (b) a step of measuring the illuminance (in lux) at the solar noon altitude and obtaining the daily average natural light illuminance (in lux) from the illuminance; (c) a step of calculating PPFD (photosynthetic effective light flux density) from the daily average natural light illuminance according to a light unit conversion conversion standard; (d) a step of calculating the reached PPFD in each distinguished sector of the plant cultivation layer; (e) a step of converting the PPFD required per sunshine hour based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and the average sunshine hour for each plant type; (f) a step of comparing the PPFD value required per sunshine hour with the reached PPFD for each sector to calculate the PPFD insufficient per hour for each sector; (g) calculating the PPFD value per hour that must be supplemented from artificial light by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the average sunshine hours and the hourly PPFD deficiency for each sector by the artificial light supplement time; (h) converting the PPFD value that must be supplemented from the artificial light into the capacity of the artificial light source; and (i) calculating the number of artificial light sources required for each sector from the LED capacity. According to a light environment control method including the step of calculating the control value of artificial light for each distinct sector of each plant cultivation layer, the artificial light control unit (42) may control the artificial light according to the control value.

[0048]

[0049] More specifically, the artificial light control unit (42) in the plant cultivation system of the present invention is described. The artificial light control unit measures the difference in illuminance by location of the crop by using an illuminance sensor, divides the difference in illuminance into multiple grades such as A / B / C / D according to the difference in light arrival rate, and divides the light arrival sector by crop (see FIG. 6), converts the insufficient light amount to supplement the required DLI of each sector with artificial light based on the estimation result, and calculates the artificial light supplementation time according to the capacity of the artificial light attached to each cultivation device. However, if the required DLI is not met during the installed artificial light supplementation, an artificial light replacement signal is generated, and artificial light supplementation is performed for the calculated supplementary light time.

[0050] In the artificial light control unit, artificial intelligence (machine learning) learns the amount of natural light inflow and the change in PPFD per unit time by crop location, learns to calculate the amount of artificial light supplementation and supplementation time, and judge whether artificial light is excessive or insufficient. Through linked learning with actual growth information data, it judges the efficiency and suitability of artificial light control and explores more advanced control methods.

[0051] The above DLI value can be calculated from the above PPFD according to the following [Mathematical Formula 1]:

[0052] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0053]

[0054] In short, the above DLI value is calculated as PPFD * lighting time * 3,600 / 1,000,000. Therefore, if you know the DLI value and lighting time, you can calculate the PPFD value even without a light sensor, and if you know the target DLI value, you can supplement the PPFD value that is insufficient due to the PPFD supplied by natural light through artificial light to fill the target DLI value.

[0055] Below, each step in the above method is described in more detail.

[0056] The above step (a) is a step of assigning a grade to each plant cultivation layer and each pot location within each plant cultivation layer according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer within the plant cultivation system, and grouping areas with similar grades into one sector. Here, “light” includes not only natural incident light that enters the plant cultivation system but also scattered light that arrives after being scattered by light reflectors within the plant cultivation system. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, in a vertically arranged multi-layer plant cultivation system, each plant cultivation layer is graded according to the rate at which light reaches the pot locations, into grade A with a light reach rate of 80% or more, grade B with 50% to 80%, and grade C with 30% to 50%, and based on the grades, each pot location can be distinguished into an A sector with a grade A, a B sector with a grade B, and a C sector with a grade C.

[0057] The above step (b) is a step of measuring the illuminance (in lux) at the solar meridian altitude and calculating the daily average natural light illuminance (in lux) from the illuminance. Here, the solar meridian altitude is the altitude when the sun is at its highest, i.e., in the south.

[0058] The above solar noon altitude may vary by region, season, and weather, but in a specific region, the seasonal average may have little difference in the annual cycle. Therefore, for example, the solar noon altitude may be the average solar noon altitude value for each season, and accordingly, the number of artificial light sources ultimately derived in step (i) in the present invention may be applied differently for each season. As another example, the solar noon altitude may be averaged monthly to obtain a monthly average solar noon altitude value, and accordingly, the number of artificial light sources ultimately derived may be applied differently for each month.

[0059] The above daily average natural light illuminance can be derived by directly measuring it at each hour using an illuminance sensor and then calculating the average value. However, for convenience, in the present invention, it is derived from the illuminance at the solar noon altitude. For example, the above daily average natural light illuminance can be estimated to be 50 to 70% of the illuminance value at the solar noon altitude, specifically 55 to 65%, for example 60%.

[0060] The above step (c) is a step of calculating PPFD (photosynthetic effective light flux density) based on the light unit conversion standard from the above daily average natural light illuminance.

[0061] In this specification, natural light may be based on sunlight (radiance 400-700 nm), and artificial light may be based on a three-wavelength LED. The above light unit conversion standard may be based on a conventional light unit conversion table in the art, for example, the light unit conversion table provided by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. For example, it may be based on the light unit conversion table in [Table 1] below.

[0062] [Table 1]

[0063]

[0064] For example, if the average maximum meridian illuminance in spring / summer is 70,000 lux and the average daily illuminance is estimated to be 60% of the average maximum meridian illuminance, the average daily illuminance is 42,000 lux, and if the PPFD (photosynthetic active light flux density) is calculated from this according to the light unit conversion standard, it is 1,354 μmol / m 2 / s becomes.

[0065] The above step (d) is a step of calculating the attainable PPFD (minimum value) in each distinct sector of the plant cultivation layer based on the PPFD derived in the above step (c). For example, if the PPFD derived in the step (c) is 1,354 μmol / m 2 / s and if there are sector A (light penetration rate of 80% or more), sector B (50-80%), and sector C (30-50%) in the plant growing layer, the PPFD reaching sector A is at least 1,084 μmol / m 2 / s, PPFD reaching sector B is at least 650 μmol / m 2 / s, PPFD reaching C sector is at least 390 μmol / m 2 / s becomes.

[0066] The above step (e) is a step of converting the PPFD required within the sunshine hours based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and average sunshine hours for each plant type. The DLI varies depending on the plant type, and for example, for leafy vegetables, a DLI value of 17 is optimal. Here, the average sunshine hours may vary by region, season, and weather, and in this specification, the average sunshine hours are the average sunshine hours of natural light in the same period as the reference period (e.g., a season such as spring / fall, or a specific month) when the above-mentioned meridian illuminance average value is obtained. For example, the average sunshine hours in spring (March to May) are 8.2 hours, and the average sunshine hours in fall (September to November) are 6.5 hours (based on the average sunshine hours provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration). The PPFD required within the sunshine hours can be, for example, the PPFD value obtained by inserting the target DLI value and the average sunshine hours into the above [Mathematical Formula 1] for obtaining the DLI value, simply "DLI value = PPFD * lighting hours * 3,600 / 1,000,000". For example, when the target DLI value is 17 and the average sunshine hours are 6.5 hours (6.5 is substituted for the lighting hours in the above mathematical formula), the PPFD (PPFD required within the sunshine hours) is approximately 726 μmol / m 2 / s becomes.

[0067] The above step (f) is a step for calculating the PPFD shortage per hour for each sector by comparing the PPFD value required within the above sunlight hours with the PPFD reached for each sector. Specifically, in the examples of each step described above, if the PPFD reached in Sector A, Sector B, and Sector C are 1084, 650, and 390, respectively, and the PPFD value required within the sunlight hours is approximately 726, Sector A does not have a PPFD shortage, while Sector B has a PPFD shortage of approximately 76 and Sector C has a PPFD shortage of approximately 336.

[0068] The above step (g) is a step to calculate the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented from artificial light by multiplying the average sunshine hours by the hourly PPFD shortage of each sector and dividing the result by the artificial light supplementation time. Specifically, in the above example, the average sunshine hours during fall are 6.5 hours, and the PPFD shortages of Sector B and Sector C are 76 and 336, respectively. Therefore, the product of the average sunshine hours and the hourly PPFD shortage of each sector is 495 and 2,186 in Sector B and Sector C, respectively. If the supplementary light time to be supplemented with artificial light is set to 10 hours, the hourly PPFD values ​​that must be supplemented from artificial light are 49.5 and 218.6 in Sector B and Sector C, respectively.

[0069] The above step (h) is a step of converting the PPFD value to be supplemented from the artificial light into the capacity of an artificial light source. Here, the conversion into the capacity of the artificial light source may be based on the light unit conversion standard described above, for example, the light unit conversion table shown in [Table 1] described above. When the artificial light is a three-wavelength LED, the PPFD values, 49.5 and 218.6, to be supplemented from the artificial light in the B and C sectors in the above example become 10.79 W / m2 and 47.62 W / m2, respectively, in terms of the three-wavelength LED capacity.

[0070] The above step (i) is a step for calculating the number of artificial light sources required for each sector from the LED capacity. For example, in the above step (h), the artificial light source capacities to be supplemented in sectors B and C are 10.79 W / m2 and 47.62 W / m2, respectively, so the number of three-wavelength LEDs capable of providing such capacities can be calculated.

[0071]

[0072] According to one embodiment, the plant cultivation system (1) of the present invention comprises a vertical plant cultivation unit (200) which is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting unit for selectively irradiating artificial light, and a pipe for a support frame which comprises an air movement passage and a plurality of air outlets for injecting air of the air movement passage into the inside of the housing, a temperature control unit for controlling the temperature of the air, an air supply unit for introducing temperature-controlled air into the air movement passage of the pipe for the support frame, a humidity control unit for controlling the humidity of the air, a carbon dioxide control unit for controlling the carbon dioxide content in the air, and an air pressure control unit for controlling the pressure of the air, and the air circulation unit in which the air introduced through the air supply unit is air adjusted to the target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the housing, and the change element calculation unit (30) is configured to obtain the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the change element calculation unit based on data acquired from the temperature detection sensor, the humidity detection sensor, the carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor, and the air pressure detection sensor of the data acquisition unit (22), and At least one change factor selected from among the air pressure supplied into the pipe for the support frame is calculated, and the cultivation environment control unit (43) may control at least one selected from among an air heater, an air humidifier, an air carbon dioxide supplier, and an air pressure supplier according to the calculated change factor.

[0073] In more detail, with respect to the cultivation environment control unit (43) in the plant cultivation system of the present invention, when implementing multi-layer cultivation in which dense cultivation is essential in a narrow space, if constant growth temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration cannot be maintained throughout the year, growth deviations inevitably occur due to variations in photosynthetic efficiency and growth and development of crops, and if irregular breeze circulation does not occur around the densely cultivated crops, frequent occurrence of diseases and pests occurs, resulting in growth damage. Such growth deviations and occurrence of diseases and pests cause irregularities in many conditions such as nutrient solution concentration, nutrient solution cycle, yield, and harvest cycle, which causes great difficulties in multi-layer cultivation. In order to prevent multi-layer cultivation from becoming impossible when these phenomena accumulate, a cultivation environment control unit is necessary.

[0074] The cultivation environment control unit (43) is installed for the purpose of controlling the occurrence of constant growth temperature, humidity, CO2, and breeze circulation throughout the year. First, the temperature inside the system is measured to determine the ventilation / cooling / heating mode, and then the cooling / heating unit (FCU, floor excel pipe) is operated. However, even if the cooling / heating unit is operated, differences in temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration inevitably occur in the densely planted multi-layer cultivation space, and irregular breeze circulation around the crops is also necessary. Therefore, air, humidity, and CO2 whose temperature is adjusted in advance are pushed into the frame of the cultivation device equipped with an air circulation hole by setting the air pressure that enables breeze circulation.

[0075] In the cultivation environment control unit (43), the artificial intelligence learns the system temperature change data according to the operation status of the cooling / heating unit FCU and floor pipe, and conducts linked learning of the amount of electric energy used, learns the temperature change data within the plant cultivation system according to the change in the geothermal heating / cooling hot water temperature, and conducts linked learning of the greenhouse environment change data according to the change in the inflow air temperature, air pressure, humidity, CO2 concentration, etc. within the air circulation hole of the multi-layer cultivation device. In addition, by linking the cultivation environment control unit data with the actual growth data, a more effective cultivation environment control unit operation method is explored.

[0076]

[0077] According to one embodiment, the plant cultivation system (1) of the present invention comprises a vertical plant cultivation unit (200) partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and including a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting unit selectively irradiating artificial light, wherein the plant cultivation layer contains a nutrient solution under a flowerpot in which a plant is planted, and the change factor calculation unit (30) calculates one or more change factors selected from a nutrient solution supply amount, a nutrient solution concentration, and a nutrient solution component composition based on at least one information selected from a plant growth degree, the presence or absence of pests and diseases, the type of pests, the nutrient solution level obtained from a water level confirmation sensor measuring the nutrient solution level under the flowerpot of the cultivation environment condition data calculation unit (22), and the soil pH and the soil EC obtained from a soil quality measurement sensor, based on an image and / or an image obtained from the plant condition data calculation unit (21), and the nutrient solution control unit (44) calculates one or more change factors selected from a nutrient solution preparation unit and a nutrient solution component composition based on the calculated change factors. It may be to control at least one selected from among the nutrient solution supply units.

[0078] More specifically, the nutrient solution control unit (44) in the plant cultivation system of the present invention senses the remaining nutrient solution in the flowerpot tray, and then detects the pH and EC (electrical conductivity) of the soil through a soil detection sensor in the flowerpot to determine whether nutrient solution concentration adjustment is necessary in the current situation. Then, the nutrient solution is prepared according to the organic / inorganic nutrient solution composition ratio according to the nutrient solution composition ratio for each growth stage. At this time, a microbial cultured organic nutrient solution can be used. A set amount is supplied according to the size of the flowerpot tray, and if there is a growth deviation by crop sector or if the nutrient solution composition ratio is different because different types of crops are grown, the nutrient solution supply amount or nutrient solution composition ratio may vary by sector. If the problem cannot be solved by varying the nutrient solution supply amount or composition ratio by sector, the location of the crops can be changed. If pests and diseases occur in the cultivated crops, pest control is performed by applying the pest control standards, and recurrence prevention measures are established through cause analysis. Even if the nutrient solution is supplied in this controlled manner, growth problems may occur due to excess / insufficient nutrient solution components depending on the growth characteristics of the crop, and the nutrient solution component ratio is changed by applying the treatment standards for this.

[0079] In the nutrient solution control unit (44), artificial intelligence learns nutrient solution provision cost data for each crop growth stage, tracks changes in soil pH and EC due to nutrient solution provision, and learns in conjunction with actual crop growth data, such as tracking the cause of growth deviation, learning recommended situations for changing crop cultivation locations, analyzing causes of pests and diseases and learning treatment standards, and learning about damage caused by excess / insufficient nutrient solution components, so that a method capable of higher level nutrient solution control can be presented in the future.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer plant cultivation system (1) using natural light and artificial light of the present invention may include:

[0081] A system housing unit (100) including a housing body including a light-emitting unit (101) through which natural light can enter and a light-shielding insulation unit (102) with insulation installed along part or all of a wall surface, an external sunshade (103) on the light-emitting unit, and a light reflector installed on part or all of a wall surface of the light-shielding insulation unit to reflect light inside the housing body;

[0082] A vertical plant cultivation unit (200) comprising a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers (210) containing a plant pot for planting plants and a nutrient solution under the plant pot, and a lighting unit (240) for selectively irradiating artificial light, and located inside the housing of the system housing unit, and partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames (411) and a plurality of horizontal support frames (412); and

[0083] An air circulation unit (400) comprising an air movement passage (423) and a plurality of air outlets (422) for injecting air from the air movement passage (423) into the inside of the housing, a pipe for a support frame constituting the vertical support frame and the horizontal support frame, an air supply unit (not shown) for introducing air into the air movement passage of the pipe for the support frame, an air humidity control unit (430), an air carbon dioxide concentration control unit (440), and an air pressure control unit (450), wherein the air introduced through the air supply unit is air adjusted to the target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the housing.

[0084]

[0085] Figure 2 schematically illustrates a system housing portion (100) of a plant cultivation system (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] In the above system housing portion (100), the housing body is a space formed by a plurality of supporting walls extending upward from the floor and forming a roof, including a space for cultivating and growing plants. The housing body has an exterior composed of a floor, supporting walls, and a roof, and further, according to the present invention, the housing body may be composed of a light-shading portion (101) and a light-blocking insulation portion (102).

[0087] The above-mentioned light-emitting section (101) is capable of receiving sunlight, and the above-mentioned shading and insulating section (102) is a section that blocks sunlight and has insulation installed along part or all of the wall surface. The above-mentioned light-emitting section (101) may constitute a part of the roof of the housing body and a part of the supporting wall, and the above-mentioned shading and insulating section (102) may constitute a remaining part of the roof excluding the above-mentioned light-emitting section (101) and a remaining part of the supporting wall. It is preferable that the above-mentioned light-emitting section (101) be installed in the southern direction of the housing body to effectively utilize sunlight throughout the year.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the area ratio of the light-emitting portion (101) to the light-shielding insulation portion (102) in the housing body may be 3.5 to 4.5 to 5.5 to 6.5, for example, 4:6. It may be desirable for the area occupied by the light-shielding insulation portion (102) to be wider than the area of ​​the light-emitting portion (101) for insulation and to maintain a stable temperature. In order to prevent insufficient light or uneven light distribution due to the light-shielding insulation portion (102), the system housing portion (100) may prevent light loss through a light reflection portion (130), and the plant cultivation portion (200) may further include a lighting portion (240) so that more artificial light can be used in areas where sunlight does not sufficiently reach.

[0089] In addition, according to one embodiment, an external sunshade (103) may be installed on the mining section (101). Here, the external sunshade (103) is used to block sunlight by covering the mining section (101) when sunlight is excessively incident, such as during a summer day. It is preferable that the external sunshade (103) be installed in a detachable or foldable manner so that it can be removed as needed.

[0090] Additionally, according to one embodiment, the light-emitting unit (101) may include a light-transmitting window inclined at the ceiling of the housing. The window of the light-emitting unit (101) must be transparent, and may be made of double-layer composite glass or plastic material that prevents condensation due to the difference in indoor and outdoor surface temperatures.

[0091] The above system housing part (100) is positioned on the plant cultivation part (200) and includes a ceiling partition plate (120) installed across the housing body to partition the inside of the housing and the ceiling of the housing. The ceiling partition plate (120) serves to partition the housing body so that the growing conditions such as the temperature controlled by the temperature control part (300) and the air circulation part (400) can be well maintained. A ventilation hole (not shown) can be installed in the ceiling partition plate (120) so that unnecessary heat or air inside the housing can be discharged and circulated while maintaining the internal growing conditions. In addition, according to the present invention, a mechanical heat exhaust port (110) can be installed on the shading insulation part (102) located in the ceiling of the housing so that the internal heat can be forcibly discharged to the outside.

[0092] In addition, the ceiling partition plate (120) may further include a light reflecting member (not shown) on the lower surface facing the inside of the housing, thereby allowing sunlight incident from outside the housing to pass through while reflecting light from inside the housing, thereby reducing light loss. In addition, according to the present invention, light reflecting members (130a, 130b, 130c) may be installed on part or all of the wall surface of the light-shielding insulation member (102) to ensure that light inside the housing body is well reflected.

[0093] A plant cultivation unit (200) is located inside the above system housing unit (100) (see FIGS. 2 and 3). FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a plant cultivation unit (200) according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an air circulation unit (400), a plant cultivation unit (200), and a state in which they are combined according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0094] The above plant cultivation section (200) includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers, each of which is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames (411) and a plurality of horizontal support frames (412). Each of the above plant cultivation layers includes a plurality of planting sections (210) in which plants are planted, and the planting sections (210) can be arranged within a planting housing on a planting frame (220). The planting frame (210) can be connected or attached to a support frame (411, 412) that supports and partitions the plant cultivation section (200).

[0095] The plant cultivation unit (200) further includes a lighting unit (240). The lighting unit (240) may be arranged on one side of the planting housing. The lighting unit (240) may be connected to a switch to selectively turn the lighting on or off by turning the switch on or off, and the switch may be manually operated or automatically controlled remotely. The lighting units (240) may be installed at different densities according to each area inside the housing of the system housing unit (100). For example, the lighting units (240) may be installed at a higher density near the planting layer located at the bottom farthest from the light-collecting unit (101) compared to the upper part of the housing adjacent to the light-collecting unit (101). As another example, the lighting units (240) may be installed at the same density, and different numbers of lighting units (240) may be operated to be turned on independently according to the amount of light required for each area inside the housing.

[0096] In addition, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the plant cultivation unit (200) may include a nutrient solution supply unit (230) for supplying nutrient solution to the plants for each planting layer. Here, the nutrient solution supply units (230) of each planting layer may be mutually circulated by a nutrient solution movement passage (232). In addition, the nutrient solution inlet (231) for introducing nutrient solution into the nutrient solution supply unit (230) may be positioned in an upper layer of a plurality of vertical planting layers, and the nutrient solution outlet (233) for discharging waste nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply unit (230) may be positioned in a lower layer of a plurality of vertical planting layers. Alternatively, the nutrient solution inlet (231) and the nutrient solution outlet (233) may be positioned in each planting layer so that the nutrient solution can be used independently in each planting layer.

[0097] The temperature control unit (300) is for controlling the temperature of the plant cultivation system (1), and as illustrated in FIG. 3, a portion of the temperature control unit (300) is installed in the system housing unit (100). According to the present invention, the temperature control unit (300) includes a geothermal heat exchange unit (310) installed underground, a heat pump (330) that receives water from the geothermal heat exchange unit (310) and converts it into temperature-controlled water adjusted to a predetermined temperature, a water movement pipe (510) that is installed so that the temperature-controlled water from the heat pump (330) flows along the bottom and ceiling of the housing body, and a fan coil unit (360) that injects temperature-controlled air toward the inside of the housing from the housing ceiling.

[0098] The above geothermal heat exchange unit (310) is located below the ground (301) (underground), and the water (supply water (302)) supplied to the geothermal heat exchange unit (310) can have its temperature controlled by geothermal heat. The controlled temperature can be the same as the ground temperature (approximately 15°C or less). The water whose temperature is controlled in the geothermal heat exchange unit (310) can be stored by flowing into a groundwater storage tank (320) as needed, and since the groundwater storage tank (320) is located below the ground (301), the temperature of the water can be continuously maintained at the ground temperature. The temperature-controlled water is again supplied to the heat pump (330), and the heat pump (330) controls the temperature of the water to a temperature required for controlling the temperature inside the housing, thereby generating temperature-controlled water such as cold water or hot water. The temperature-controlled water flows through the bottom and ceiling of the housing body along the water movement paths (303a, 303b, 303c) via the water movement pipe (510). The temperature inside the housing can be controlled by the temperature-controlled water. According to one embodiment, the temperature-controlled water may be introduced into the heat storage tank (340) and stored there before being used before flowing from the heat pump (330) to the housing body.

[0099] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of fan coil units (360) may be installed in a row on the ceiling of the housing body, for example, under a ceiling partition plate. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fan coil unit (360) may include an air inlet (not shown), a heat exchange coil (not shown), an air outlet (not shown), and a blower (not shown). The fan coil unit (360) may control the temperature of the air by allowing heat exchange with temperature-controlled water flowing along a water movement pipe (510) after sucking in air through the air inlet. The air whose temperature has been controlled through the heat exchange in this way may be discharged through the air outlet and may be blown as temperature-controlled air, such as hot air or cold air, through the blower of the fan coil unit (360). At this time, temperature-controlled air such as hot or cold air is sprayed from the ceiling of the housing in a direction toward the inside of the housing, and preferably, in order to prevent the air from directly contacting the planting section (210), the fan coil unit (360) may be installed between a plurality of planting sections (210).

[0100] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the air flowing into the air inlet of the fan coil unit (360) may be temperature-controlled in advance. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet of the fan coil unit (360) may be connected to an air movement pipe (610) so that air flows in from the pipe (610). Here, the pipe (610) may be installed adjacent to a water movement pipe (510) installed on the ceiling of the housing body so that heat exchange between the air and temperature-controlled water occurs. According to one embodiment, the air movement pipe (610) and the water movement pipe (510) may be in contact on at least one surface. According to another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the water movement pipe (510) may be installed in the form of a shell surrounding the periphery of the air movement pipe (610). The temperature-controlled water pipe shell may be installed only on a part of the air movement pipe (610).

[0101] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a water movement pipe (510) installed at the bottom of the housing body may be installed in a zigzag shape. As with the ceiling of the housing body, an air movement pipe (610) may also be installed at the bottom, and the air movement pipe (610) may be installed adjacent to the water movement pipe (510) at the bottom of the housing so that heat exchange occurs between them. The air, the temperature of which is controlled by the heat exchange, may be introduced into the air inlet of the pipe (420) for the support frame of the air circulation unit (400) described below, and thus, the temperature-controlled air may circulate inside the housing with the help of the air circulation unit (400) to contribute to controlling the internal temperature. According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one surface of the air movement pipe (610) and the water movement pipe (510) at the bottom of the housing may be in contact with each other. According to another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the water pipe (510) may be installed in the form of a shell surrounding the periphery of the air pipe (610). The water pipe shell may be installed only on a part of the air pipe (610).

[0102] The wastewater that flows along the floor and ceiling through the water movement pipe (510) of the temperature control unit (300) may be stored in a wastewater storage tank (350) that stores wastewater along the wastewater movement path (304a, 304b, 304c) and then supplied again to the geothermal heat exchange unit (310) or heat pump (330) for recycling.

[0103] The air circulation unit (400) may include a plurality of support frames (411, 412) that divide each planting layer of the plant cultivation unit (200) as illustrated in FIG. 5. The support frames include support frame pipes (420). The pipes (420) may be connected to each other using a three-hole fastener, a four-hole fastener, or the like as illustrated in (b) and (c) of FIG. 7.

[0104] The above-described pipe (420) for the support frame includes an air movement passage (423) extending longitudinally through the inside of the pipe and a plurality of air outlets (422). The spacing between the plurality of air outlets (422) may vary depending on the desired degree of breeze, etc., but may be designed so that, for example, 1 to 2 air outlets are included between each pot in which crops are planted. For example, if the pots in which crops are planted are spaced at intervals of 20 cm, an air outlet may be positioned between each pot, and the spacing between each air outlet may be 20 cm. In addition, according to an example, the diameter of the air outlet may be about 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the diameter of the pipe (420) for the support frame, and for example, if the diameter of the pipe is 20 mm, the diameter of the air outlet may be 4 to 5 mm, for example, 5 mm.

[0105] Through the air outlet (422), air in the air movement passage (423) is injected into the inside of the housing, and the air can move and create a breeze due to the pressure of the air injected to the outside. According to one embodiment, the pipe (420) for the support frame may have air outlets (612) formed on at least two or more surfaces. Accordingly, air can be circulated in multiple directions by flowing out from two or more surfaces. In order to induce even growth and development of plants and prevent diseases and pests, it is more preferable to create a breeze through air circulation in multiple directions than air circulation in one direction. Therefore, by allowing air circulation in multiple directions from the pipe (420), the growth of plants can be increased.

[0106] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an air supply unit (not shown) for introducing air into a pipe (420) for a support frame of the air circulation unit (400) may further be provided with a humidity control unit (430) for controlling the humidity of the air, a carbon dioxide control unit (440) for controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, and an air pressure control unit (450) for controlling the pressure of the air. Accordingly, air introduced into the air circulation unit (400) can be introduced and circulated inside the housing in a state in which not only the temperature but also the humidity and carbon dioxide concentration are controlled.

[0107] In the case of attaching an air circulation fan to the ceiling or cultivation equipment to generate air flow, and in the case of a separate CO2 generator that forces air from one or more places in the farm to the entire factory, the air flow using the air circulation fan can generate an overall large flow, but it cannot generate a constant and irregular breeze circulation around the crops, and since CO2 supplied from one or several points in the greenhouse cannot maintain a constant CO2 concentration throughout the greenhouse, it cannot solve problems such as growth deviation, occurrence of pests and diseases, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency during multi-layer cultivation using natural light. When air is circulated through the cultivation frame equipped with an air circulation hole of the present invention, an irregular but constant breeze circulation is generated around densely planted crops, and by controlling the CO2 concentration in the circulated air, a constant CO2 concentration can be maintained around the crops, thereby inducing even growth and development of crops, preventing pests and diseases, and improving photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, by connecting a humidity generator to the air circulation hole, you can control the humidity, allowing you to stably control the three cultivation conditions of temperature / CO2 / humidity with one cultivation frame.

[0108]

[0109] Description of the symbol

[0110] 1 Plant cultivation system

[0111] 10 Database Department

[0112] 11 Plant Information Database 12 Integrated Operation History Database

[0113] 21 Plant condition data acquisition section 22 Cultivation environment condition data acquisition section

[0114] 23 Information display section 24 User response input section

[0115] 25 User Response Reception Unit

[0116] 30 Change Element Output Unit 40 Integrated Control Unit

[0117] 41 Natural light control unit 42 Artificial light control unit

[0118] 43 Cultivation environment control unit 44 Nutrient solution control unit

[0119]

[0120] 100 System Housing Unit

[0121] 101 Mining Section 102 Shading Insulation Section

[0122] 103 External Sunshade

[0123] 110 Mechanical heat exhaust 120 Ceiling partition

[0124] 130a, 130b, 130c light reflector

[0125]

[0126] 200 Plant Cultivation Department

[0127] 210 Planting Section 220 Planting Frame

[0128] 230 Nutrient supply unit

[0129] 231 Nutrient solution inlet 232 Nutrient solution passage 233 Nutrient solution outlet

[0130] 240 Lighting Department

[0131]

[0132] 300 temperature control unit

[0133] 301 Ground 302 Supply

[0134] 310 Geothermal heat exchanger 320 Groundwater storage

[0135] 330 heat pump 340 thermal storage tank

[0136] 303a, 303b, 303c water movement route

[0137] 350 Wastewater storage tanks 304a, 304b, 304c wastewater movement path

[0138] 360 Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

[0139]

[0140] 400 air circulation unit

[0141] 411 Vertical support frame 412 Horizontal support frame

[0142] 420 Pipe for support frame

[0143] 421 Air inlet 422 Air outlet

[0144] 423 Air passage

[0145] 430 Humidity Control Unit 440 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Control Unit

[0146] 450 air pressure control unit

[0147]

[0148] 510 water transfer pipe

[0149] 511 Temperature control water inlet 512 Temperature control water outlet

[0150] 610 Air movement pipe

[0151] 611 Air inlet 612 Air outlet

[0152] By utilizing the present invention, it is possible to find a method to improve and maintain the unstable cultivation environment in a vertical farm caused by irregular natural light to an optimal state for crop growth by utilizing machine learning techniques, thereby enabling stable vertical farm environment control regardless of season, climate, or region, and securing a method for constructing a vertical farm that utilizes the best natural light that eliminates cultivation failures, reduces cultivation costs such as energy costs, controls pests and diseases, increases yields, and improves quality.

Claims

1. A multi-layer plant cultivation system using both natural and artificial light, comprising: A database section including a plant information database storing growth and cultivation data necessary for plant cultivation, and an integrated operation history database storing data received from the plant status data acquisition section below, data received from the cultivation environment condition data acquisition section below, user responses received from the user response reception section below, and operation history including changed cultivation condition elements; A plant status data acquisition unit that acquires video and / or images of plants being grown in a predetermined area within the above plant cultivation system at predetermined points in a predetermined period of time; A cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit for acquiring plant cultivation environment condition data within the above plant cultivation system; An information display unit that displays information received from the plant status data acquisition unit and / or the cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit so that the user can view it; A user response input unit for inputting a user response to a plant cultivation element of the above plant cultivation system; A user response receiving unit that receives a response entered in the user response input unit; A change factor calculation unit that calculates a cultivation condition change factor based on information from the user response receiving unit and / or stored in the database unit; and An integrated control unit comprising a natural light control unit for controlling natural light, an artificial light control unit for controlling artificial light, a cultivation environment control unit for controlling an air environment including temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and a nutrient solution control unit for controlling nutrient solution conditions, and controlling at least one condition among natural light, artificial light, cultivation environment, and nutrient solution according to information received from the change factor calculation unit.

2. In the first paragraph, the change factor calculation unit includes artificial intelligence based on machine learning, and the artificial intelligence learns the plant condition image and / or video of the plant condition data acquisition unit, the plant cultivation environment condition of the cultivation environment condition data acquisition unit, the response received from the user response reception unit, and the calculated cultivation condition change factor, and can calculate the cultivation condition change factor based on the learned content, and transmits the learned content to the database unit to update the database, a multi-layer plant cultivation system using natural light and artificial light.

3. In the first paragraph, the plant cultivation system includes a system housing part including a light-emitting part that allows natural light to enter and a light-shielding insulation part that blocks the natural light, and an external shading screen is installed on the light-emitting part. The above change factor calculation unit compares (a) the PPFD (photosynthetic effective light flux density) calculated according to the light unit conversion standard from the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor, and (b) the PPFD required within the sunshine hours calculated based on the target DLI (daily accumulated light) and the average sunshine hours for each plant type, and calculates the control value of the external shading curtain based on the comparison value between (a) and (b). A multi-layer plant cultivation system using both natural light and artificial light, wherein the natural light control unit controls the external sunshade according to the control value to supplement or block natural light.

4. In the first paragraph, the plant cultivation system comprises a vertical plant cultivation section that is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting section that selectively irradiates artificial light. The above change factor calculation section (a) a step of dividing each plant cultivation layer into two or more sectors based on two or more grades determined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer within the plant cultivation system; (b) a step of measuring the illuminance (in lux) at the solar noon altitude and obtaining the daily average natural light illuminance (in lux) from the illuminance; (c) a step of calculating PPFD (photosynthetic effective light flux density) from the daily average natural light illuminance according to a light unit conversion conversion standard; (d) a step of calculating the reached PPFD in each of the distinguished sectors of the plant cultivation layer; (e) a step of converting the PPFD required per sunshine hour based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and the average sunshine hour for each plant type; (f) a step of calculating the PPFD insufficient per hour for each sector by comparing the PPFD value required per sunshine hour with the reached PPFD for each sector; (g) calculating the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented from artificial light by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the average sunshine hours and the hourly PPFD shortage for each sector by the artificial light supplement time; (h) converting the PPFD value that must be supplemented from the artificial light into the capacity of the artificial light source; and (i) calculating the number of artificial lights required for each sector from the capacity of the artificial light source according to a light environment control method. Calculate the control value of artificial light for each distinct sector of each plant cultivation layer, A multi-layer plant cultivation system using both natural light and artificial light, wherein the artificial light control unit controls artificial light according to the control value.

5. In the first paragraph, the plant cultivation system A vertical plant cultivation section comprising a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting section that selectively irradiates artificial light, and is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and An air circulation unit including an air movement passage and a plurality of air outlets for injecting air from the air movement passage into the interior of the housing, a pipe for a support frame constituting the vertical support frame and the horizontal support frame, an air supply unit for introducing air into the air movement passage of the pipe for the support frame, an air temperature control unit, an air humidity control unit, an air carbon dioxide concentration control unit, and an air pressure control unit, wherein the air introduced through the air supply unit is air adjusted to the target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the housing, The above change factor producing unit produces at least one change factor selected from air temperature, air humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and air pressure based on data from the cultivation environment condition data obtaining unit, A multi-layer plant cultivation system using both natural and artificial light, wherein the cultivation environment control unit controls at least one selected from air temperature, air humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and air pressure according to the calculated change factors.

6. In the first paragraph, the plant cultivation system A vertical plant cultivation unit is comprised of a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers, and a lighting unit that selectively irradiates artificial light, wherein the plant cultivation layers contain a nutrient solution under a flowerpot in which plants are planted. The above change factor producing unit produces one or more change factors selected from among the nutrient solution supply amount, nutrient solution concentration, and nutrient solution component composition based on at least one piece of information selected from the degree of plant growth, presence or absence of pests and diseases, type of pests and diseases obtained from the user response receiving unit and / or database, and the nutrient solution level, soil pH, and soil EC obtained from the cultivation environment condition data obtaining unit. A multi-layer plant cultivation system using both natural light and artificial light, wherein the nutrient solution control unit controls at least one selected from a nutrient solution preparation unit and a nutrient solution supply unit according to the calculated change factor.

7. A multi-layer plant cultivation system using natural light and artificial light in accordance with paragraph 1, comprising: A system housing unit comprising a housing body including a light-emitting section and a shading insulation section with insulation installed along part or all of a wall surface through which natural light can enter, an external shading screen on the light-emitting section, and a light reflecting section installed on part or all of a wall surface of the shading insulation section to reflect light inside the housing body; A vertical plant cultivation unit comprising a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers containing a flower pot for planting plants and a nutrient solution under the flower pot, and a lighting unit for selectively irradiating artificial light, the vertical plant cultivation unit being located inside the housing of the system housing unit and being partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames; and An air circulation unit comprising an air movement passage and a plurality of air outlets for injecting air from the air movement passage into the interior of the housing, a pipe for a support frame constituting the vertical support frame and the horizontal support frame, an air supply unit for introducing air into the air movement passage of the pipe for the support frame, an air humidity control unit, an air carbon dioxide concentration control unit, and an air pressure control unit, wherein the air introduced through the air supply unit is air adjusted to the target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the housing.

Images