Glaciogenic treatment composition for stimulating rain in cumulonimbus and nimbostratus clouds clouds

Abstract

The present invention relates to a glaciogenic treatment composition for stimulating rain in cumulonimbus and nimbostratus clouds, intended to increase precipitation by injecting a substantial amount of nuclei similar in composition and behaviour to those that naturally induce precipitation, with which it has been shown that it is possible to modify temporary drought conditions at sites where stimulation has been carried out to levels that produce results comparable to the optimal results of the region, allowing the development of crops, vegetation and surface run-off that allow production activities to be developed.

Description

[0001] Composition of glaciogenic treatment for rainfall stimulation on Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus

[0002] Technical field of the invention:

[0003] The present invention is related to the nanotechnology industry dedicated to the research, development and optimization of chemical / physical resources, implementing sustainable solutions to current problems, for example, climate change which is directly related to water shortages, for which a glaciogenic treatment composition was proposed for the stimulation of rainfall in Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus to increase the precipitation of this vital liquid directly from the clouds.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] Based on the prior knowledge of surface chemistry that earned Irving Langmuir the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932, Bernard Vonnegut (1947) discovered the suitability of the silver iodide molecule to initiate the coalescence of water in clouds for the purpose of precipitating rain, mainly due to its isomorphism with the water molecule in the solid state, since it is the molecule that initiates this process at a temperature closer to those that can be found in the clouds that are the object of the reaction.

[0006] It is from this basic knowledge that the primary paradigm began, upon which various researchers developed the rain stimulation routine applied practically throughout the world; a technique that continues to be applied today through flares that incinerate a combustible paste containing silver iodide molecules that are released through the fumes from the combustion carried out, although due to the results it has generated, it is basically used only in winter, given that this is when the temperature of the clouds is at -22°C or colder and where surface chemistry between this molecule and that of water is possible.

[0007] Given the poor results that the flare technique offers in the summer, its use has been significantly restricted to make way for applications of sodium and potassium salts in hot clouds with the hope of replacing silver iodide, but that is another topic.With the composition of the present invention, the aforementioned limitations have been considered and it has been found and tested, therefore it was designed considering the following parameters: a molecular presentation through nanoparticles dissolved in a perfect, volatile solution of acetone that, when in contact with the humidity of a hot cloud (above -22°C), releases the silver iodide molecules in the clearest way and that, due to the process of preparation, conservation and application of the reagent to the cloud, they acquire the temperature of -22°C necessary to detonate the coalescence with the water molecules and the triggering process between the humidity present in the cloud, independently of the temperature of the treated cloud.

[0008] The rain stimulation operation with the composition of the present invention is consequently also novel, since it also allowed the design of the cloud application scheme, which is consequently also innovative, so that, with relatively low doses of the product, significantly large areas to be benefited with rain can be covered.

[0009] Obviously, the composition of the present invention must be sprayed by a high-performance aircraft in order to distribute a dose of approximately 100 liters of the reagent over an area of ​​up to 2 million hectares (20,000 KM). 2 ) This feature can only be developed with a liquid product released by the aircraft, through the drawing of stimulation lines with the aircraft which in turn allow the development and movement of the clouds to be manipulated to direct them practically at will towards the points of interest where precipitation is desired.

[0010] Finally, it is important to consider the reaction times of the application of the composition of the present invention with the cloud to generate precipitation, which range from immediate to a maximum of 15 minutes, depending on the development of the cloud, its humidity content and other variables such as temperature, atmospheric pressure and position with respect to the orography mainly; which has allowed us to operate successfully (rain detonation) in 100% of the 277 flight missions that have been carried out in the first three years of operation of the system in all Mexican deserts during their rainy season (Winter in BC and summer in Sonora, Chihuahua and the semi-deserts of northern Mexico such as Sinaloa, Durango Coahuila, Nuevo León, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas and Tamaulipas). Objective of the invention:

[0011] Design a treatment composition from glaciogenic cores (Agí) in Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus for rainfall stimulation.

[0012] Formulate a colloidal solution with statistically dispersed glaciogenic nuclei from the formation of chemical complexes in an organic solvent.

[0013] To understand the water vapor adsorption process and the glycogen nucleus in Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus.

[0014] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Brief description of the figures

[0016] Figure 1 illustrates a graph of the percentage of drought area as of May 31, 2022 in Chihuahua before applying the composition of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 illustrates a graph of the percentage of drought area as of September 15, 2022 in Chihuahua after applying the composition of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 illustrates a graph of the percentage of drought area as of May 31, 2022 in Sinaloa before applying the composition of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 illustrates a graph of the percentage of drought area as of September 15, 2022 in Sinaloa, after applying the composition of the present invention.

[0020] Figures 5a-5d illustrate the target polygons of each project to highlight the close relationship that exists between the areas worked and the vegetative development induced by the treatment applied with the composition of the present invention.

[0021] Figures 6a-6c illustrate the vegetation index (NDVI) for two periods prior to atmospheric stimulation by the treatment applied with the composition of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 illustrates the event record using infrared images from the CONUS GOES EAST satellite (GOES). Figure 8 illustrates cloud growth following the Tamaulipas fire stimulation.

[0023] Brief description of the invention:

[0024] The present invention relates to a glaciogenic treatment composition for stimulating rainfall, thus triggering the dew point in Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus from a colloidal solution with Ion Iodide-Silver Iodide chemical complexes, statistically dispersed in a volatile organic solvent.

[0025] The treatment consists of the application of a colloidal composition through an aircraft over Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus under specific weather conditions for the purpose of precipitating water vapor. The treatment's mechanism of action begins after application, as the organic solvent where the glaciogenic nuclei are dispersed volatilizes, thus fractionating the Iodide-Silver Iodide Ion chemical complexes (l-Agl), equivalently releasing the glaciogenic nuclei (silver iodide), which have a crystalline structure or particular repetitive arrangement of atoms along a crystal similar to that of the water molecule in its solid state.

[0026] The glucogenic nucleus in Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus decreases its temperature until reaching -22 °C, optimal temperature where the adsorption process of water molecules in its vapor state begins in the superficial part of the glaciogenic nucleus and resulting in the stimulation of the dew point in Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus reflected in an increase of 75% in mm H2O higher than estimated without glaciogenic treatment.

[0027] Detailed description of the invention

[0028] The present invention consists of a glaciogenic treatment composition for rainfall stimulation from a colloidal composition, defined in that it comprises 11.39 to 19.67 g / L of silver iodide (Agi); 22.78 to 39.34 g / L of sodium iodide (NaI) Y; cbp 1 L of acetone (CsHgO). The glaciogenic treatment composition is structured by a liquid formulation integrated by chemical complexes Ion Iodide-Silver Iodide (l -Agl) that allow the statistical dispersion of the glaciogenic nuclei in the volatile organic solvent.

[0029] The composition of the glaciogenic treatment for rainfall stimulation, defined by its direct application through pressurized atomization in an aircraft over Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus under well-defined weather conditions, can be stored for two years without losing its effectiveness in absorbing water molecules in their vapor state.

[0030] The method to obtain the composition of the glaciogenic treatment for rainfall stimulation comprises the steps of: a) Substitution reaction for the synthesis of Silver Iodide through the reagents in aqueous solutions at a concentration of 1 M of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and 1 M of Potassium Iodide (Kl) and as reaction products Silver Iodide (Agí) and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) exemplified below:

[0031] AgNO3+ Kl - Agí + KNO3b) The substitution reaction is carried out by incorporating 0.1 L of the Silver Nitrate solution with a concentration of 1 M to 0.1 L of the Potassium Iodide solution with a concentration of 1 M, with constant stirring at 50 RPM for a period of 10 minutes. c) Once the reaction time is over, the Yellow-Green precipitate, a physical characteristic of silver iodide, will be observed in addition to its low solubility in water. This will be vacuum filtered to remove the Potassium Nitrate solution. d) The Yellow-Green precipitate characteristic of silver iodide will be washed 3 times consecutively to remove impurities; this process will be carried out by means of a vacuum filtration process. e) The precipitate will be dried at a temperature of 35 ° C until a constant weight of the Silver Iodide compound is obtained.

[0032] The method also includes the steps of: a) Weighing 29.58 g of sodium iodide on an analytical balance. b) Measuring 1000 mL of acetone with volumetric material and adding 29.58 g of sodium iodide for the dissociation of the compound into ions (Na + and Ij. c) For the liquid formulation in the form of a colloidal solution, weigh 14.79 g of Silver Iodide and add it to the previous step, in which the silver iodide ion-silver iodide (l-Agl) chemical complexes will be formed.

[0033] Glaciogenic treatment includes non-bioavailable materials, meaning that in low concentrations they do not cause harm to biological diversity.

[0034] EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE REAGENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0035] The evaluation and implementation of the invention is carried out through the changes induced in the behavior of clouds upon coming into contact with the composition of the present invention, or through the effects it directly generates on the volumes of additional precipitation induced and their accumulation through the transformation of certain parameters in the terrain given by complementary studies such as the record of temporary drought measured through the Drought Monitor prepared by the CNA (National Water Commission), the Vegetation or greenness index (NDVI) measured in temporal spaces for the coverage and development of vegetation at 16-day intervals, evaluated and mapped from the Sentinel-2, LANDSAT and TERRA and AQUA satellite platforms with the MODIS sensor.Another demonstration of the effectiveness of the composition of the present invention is the entry of water into the storage dams from surface runoff, which is generated by the excess rainfall induced in turn by the application of the reagent, which are recorded by the CNA.

[0036] There is other evidence such as increases in crop yields established within the work polygons in our projects, or the increase in pasture cover for livestock feed; however, despite being highly significant, we do not consider them for the purposes of the evidence that concerns us now because we do not have official reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development or the corresponding Offices of the State Governments.

[0037] Effect on Clouds: When spraying the composition of the present invention into clouds, its coalescent effect or interaction with silver iodide is immediate and completely noticeable in terms of the cloud's response. When the cloud has a full development or a well-defined cloud in its atmospheric form and close to the precipitation point, the reagent reacts immediately by agglutinating water molecules in the cloud and generating precipitation instantly. In these cases, the water molecules (droplets) have relatively large sizes of more than 200 microns, they react with the silver iodide molecule to further increase the size of the droplet, releasing energy that pushes other water molecules and a triggering process towards precipitation is initiated.

[0038] This is what the literature refers to; however, without highly sophisticated atmospheric assessment equipment, it is very difficult to determine. Therefore, at this point, only physical observation of the process from the aircraft is possible. This is associated with a darkening of the cloud, the generation of barely perceptible increases in speed around the aircraft, and a slight decrease in temperature. While some aircraft are capable of recording some of these parameters, their sensitivity makes it difficult to reliably record these variations.

[0039] When the reagent is applied to clouds of lower development, but there is sufficient atmospheric humidity to sustain their development, the displacement of adjacent clouds towards the lower pressure centers fed by the activity of the reagent's silver iodide begins to be observed. A blackening of the clouds begins to be evident, an effect recognized in the literature by the increase in drop size, and subsequently precipitation occurs in periods that hardly exceed 15 minutes.

[0040] These effects are observable from the aircraft, but difficult to record with equipment installed in aircraft, which is why the reports from meteorologists on the plane attesting to these sightings have been accepted as proven fact. In our case, we have confidential reports from military meteorologists, media reporters, and high-quality observers (civilian authorities) that confirm these statements. Verifiable effects: eradication of the temporary drought:

[0041] National Water Commission Drought Monitor:

[0042] In recent years, some countries, including Mexico, have developed drought indices, which are nothing more than a complex relationship of a series of evaluated parameters such as temperature, humidity, winds and others, which when analyzed with approved technology, define six levels of severity with which the drought is currently present, allowing said drought levels to be mapped and are considered by convention as reliable values ​​​​to determine the intensity of the temporary drought in a given territory, particularly when they are prepared by an official body such as the National Water Commission of the Federal Government.

[0043] The way in which the results of the composition of the present invention were evaluated can be seen in the comparison of the drought indices (which the CNA publishes monthly) corresponding to three of the polygons (target area of ​​each rain stimulation project carried out during the year 2022) with an area of ​​2 million hectares each and which speak for themselves, both visually the portions where the temporary drought was eradicated, as illustrated in figures 1 and 2.

[0044] Figures 3 and 4 show the Chihuahua State Polygon before and after the 2022 Rainfall Stimulation Project with the composition of the present invention. Of the 7 municipalities in which the work polygon falls, 100% are free of drought, compared to the start of the project, where 4 municipalities were in the severe drought category (D2) and 3 in the moderate drought category (DI). Vegetation indices (vegetative development and vegetation vigor on land):

[0045] The project we led has focused on finding other scientific tools that allow us to tangibly demonstrate the benefits on land generated by the application of the project and its rain-inducing reagent. A notable example has been the use of Greenness Indices (NDVI), which are detectable by the main existing satellites for geographic and land survey use, such as LANDSAT, Sentinel 2, and TERRA & AQUA using the MODIS sensor. These satellites orbit the Earth, taking continuous images but are repeated over the same site every 16 days. This makes it possible to observe contrasts in the development and vigor (greenness) of the vegetation found at each site. Therefore, if we consider that rainfall is precisely the main variable affecting said vegetation, whether natural or cultivated, the perceptible differences will be directly attributable to its impact.

[0046] The boxes that appear in Figures 5a-5d correspond to the target polygons of each project to highlight the close relationship between the worked areas and the vegetative development induced by the treatment applied with the composition of the present invention, where the sequence of the Vegetation indices (NDVI) can be seen, which indicate differences in vegetative development of the plants in relation to the work polygon and adjacent areas (Nuevo León 2022). And Figures 6a-6c illustrate the vegetation index (NDVI) for two periods prior to atmospheric stimulation and the sequence of vegetation indices in the Sinaloa 2022 polygon.

[0047] Use of Radars (image sequence) GOES Radar case:

[0048] The use of radar appears to be the best tool not only for assessing cloud development but also for monitoring their development, trajectory, and the influence of rainfall across the country. Its use is very expensive if one were to rent this service through mobile ground-based units, but it is free if one accesses a space-based radar platform, such as the Global Geostationary Weather Satellite (GOES).

[0049] The great advantage of the GOES radar is that they don't exactly provide snapshots like those from satellites, but rather record time-lapse sequences, similar to GIFs, that allow cloud behavior to be tracked. The problem is that these radars, also in orbit, scan different positions over the Earth, making it a real stroke of luck to capture one that passes exactly over the polygon and coincides with the development of one of our rainfall stimulation operations.

[0050] In fact, during the time of operation and testing of the composition of the present invention, this ideal coincidence has only occurred on two occasions, the first on March 31, 2021, when the historic fire that devastated Nuevo León and Coahuila was put out, and the second when what we have called rain irrigation was carried out, since the stimulation was carried out and directed to fall directly on the sorghum crop in Districts 025 and 026 of the Lower San Juan River in Tamaulipas on May 25, 2022, as illustrated in Figure 7 of the event record with CONUS GOES EAST infrared images from the GOES (Global Geostationary Weather Satellite). Figure 8 shows the growth of the cloud once the stimulation was carried out (May 25), over the agricultural area of ​​Tamaulipas.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A glaciogenic treatment composition for rainfall stimulation, comprising: From 11.39 to 19.67 g / L of Silver Iodide (Agí); From 22.78 to 39.34 g / L of sodium iodide (Nal); and cbp 1 L of acetone (C3H6O).

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is structured by a liquid formulation composed of chemical complexes Ion Iodide-Silver Iodide (I—Agi) that allow the statistical dispersion of the glaciogenic nuclei in the volatile organic solvent.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that its application is direct by pressurized atomization in an aircraft over Cumulus Nimbus and Nimbus Stratus with well-defined weather conditions, can be stored for two years without losing its effectiveness in absorbing water molecules in its vapor state.

4. A method for obtaining a glaciogenic treatment composition for rain stimulation, comprising the steps of: a) Substitution reaction for the synthesis of Silver Iodide through the reagents in aqueous solutions at a concentration of 1 M of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and 1 M of Potassium Iodide (Kl) and as reaction products Silver Iodide (Agl) and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) exemplified below: AgNO3+ Kl - Agí + KNO3b) The substitution reaction is carried out by incorporating 0.1 L of the Silver Nitrate solution with a concentration of 1 M to 0.1 L of the Potassium Iodide solution with a concentration of 1 M, with constant stirring at 50 RPM for a period of 10 minutes. c) Once the reaction time is over, the yellow-green precipitate will be observed, a physical characteristic of silver iodide in addition to its low solubility in water, which will be vacuum filtered to remove the Potassium Nitrate solution. d) The characteristic yellow-green precipitate of silver iodide will be washed three times consecutively to remove impurities, this process will be through a vacuum filtration process. e) The precipitate will be dried at a temperature of 35 °C until a constant weight of the silver iodide compound is obtained.

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