Temporary user access control of an optically switchable device of a facility

Abstract

Embodiments provide for enabling temporary user control of an optically switchable device, such as a tintable window, in a room or other space of a facility. Access may be granted to a user via a web application accessible from a user device by using, for example, a quick response (QR) code or other indicator. The web application may be hosted by an application backend which communicates with a controller of the optically switchable device via a building control system server. Parameters or aspects of the temporary user control may be managed by a managing entity.

Description

TEMPORARY USER ACCESS CONTROL OF AN OPTICALLY SWITCHABLEDEVICE OF A FACILITYINCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0001] A PCT Request Form is filed concurrently with this specification as part of the present application. Each application that the present application claims benefit of or priority to as identified in the concurrently filed PCT Request Form is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and for all purposes.BACKGROUND

[0002] Buildings and other facilities may have various systems that control environmental conditions such as heating, air conditioning, lighting, etc. In private buildings (e.g., homes) and certain spaces within other types of buildings (e.g., office buildings, commercial / industrial buildings, etc.), control of these building systems may be given to anyone with access to a controller of these building systems (e.g., thermostat, control panel, etc.), allowing any user to adjust environmental conditions. However, in many facilities having a large multi-user sites and common access or public areas, control of these building systems is largely restricted to building administrators or other authorized personnel. There may be situations in which it may be desirable to grant users access to certain environmental controls of such multi-user sites, areas, and / or spaces within a building. However, traditional techniques of granting such access have been limited.SUMMARY

[0003] Various aspects disclosed herein alleviate as least part of the above referenced shortcomings. In particular, embodiments described herein provide for granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device (e.g., tintable window) and / or other device controlled by a building system located within a space in a facility. In one example, a quick response (QR) code may be provided (e.g., on a physical paper or sign) within a room or other space having one or more optically switchable devices. Upon scanning the QR code with a user device (e.g., smart phone, tablet, etc.) a user may be given access to control the one or more optically switchable devices for a limited period of time. Depending on predetermined access controls for the room or other space, access to other features of the optically switchable devices (e.g., modes, time schedules, etc.) may be granted.

[0004] An example method of granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, according to this disclosure, comprises receiving, from a user device, a request for controlling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device. The example method further comprises, responsive to receiving the request: obtaining a first state comprising acurrent state of the optically switchable device, obtaining, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control, and providing a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface indicates the first state of the optically switchable device, and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The method further comprises receiving, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The method further comprises sending a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state. The method further comprises receiving an indication that the change was successful, and updating the user interface to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

[0005] A computing device of enabling voice control of an optically switchable device, according to this disclosure, comprises a communication interface, a memory, and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the communication interface and the memory. The one or more processors are configured to receive, from a user device (e.g., via the communication interface), a request for controlling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device. The one or more processors are further configured to, responsive to receiving the request: obtain a first state comprising a current state of the optically switchable device, obtain, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control, and provide a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface indicates the first state of the optically switchable device, and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The one or more processors are further configured to receive, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The one or more processors are further configured to send (e.g., via the communication interface) a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state. The one or more processors are further configured to receive an indication (e.g., via the communication interface) that the change was successful, and update the user interface to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

[0006] An example device of granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, according to this disclosure, comprises means for receiving, from a user device, a request forcontrolling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device. The example device further comprises means for, responsive to receiving the request: obtaining a first state comprising a current state of the optically switchable device, obtaining, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control, and providing a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface indicates the first state of the optically switchable device, and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The device further comprises means for receiving, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The device further comprises means for sending a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state. The device further comprises means for receiving an indication that the change was successful, and updating the user interface to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

[0007] An example non-transitory computer-readable medium, according to this disclosure, stores instructions comprising code for receiving, from a user device, a request for controlling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device. The instructions further comprise code for, responsive to receiving the request: obtaining a first state comprising a current state of the optically switchable device, obtaining, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control, and providing a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface indicates the first state of the optically switchable device, and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The instructions further comprise code for receiving, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. The instructions further comprise code for sending a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state. The instructions further comprise code for receiving an indication that the change was successful, and updating the user interface to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

[0008] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses (e.g., controllers), and / or non-transitory computer-readable medium or media (e.g., software) that implement any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods that use any of the systems, computer readable media, and / or apparatuses disclosed herein, e.g., for their intended purpose.

[0010] In another aspect, an apparatus comprises at least one controller that is programmed to direct a mechanism used to implement (e.g., effectuate) any of the method disclosed herein, which at least one controller is configured to operatively couple to the mechanism. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the method) are directed / executed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at less at two operations are directed / executed by different controllers.

[0011] In another aspect, an apparatus comprises at least one controller that is configured (e.g., programmed) to implement (e.g., effectuate) any of the methods disclosed herein. The at least one controller may implement any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the method) are directed / executed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at less at two operations are directed / executed by different controllers.

[0012] In some embodiments, one controller of the at least one controller is configured to perform two or more operations. In some embodiments, two different controllers of the at least one controller are configured to each perform a different operation.

[0013] In another aspect, a system comprises at least one controller that is programmed to direct operation of at least one another apparatus (or component thereof), and the apparatus (or component thereof), wherein the at least one controller is operatively coupled to the apparatus (or to the component thereof). The apparatus (or component thereof) may include any apparatus (or component thereof) disclosed herein. The at least one controller may be configured to direct any apparatus (or component thereof) disclosed herein. The at least one controller may be configured to operatively couple to any apparatus (or component thereof) disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the apparatus) are directed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at less at two operations are directed by different controllers.

[0014] In another aspect, a computer software product (e.g., inscribed on one or more non- transitory medium) in which program instructions are stored, which instructions, when read by at least one processor (e.g., computer), cause the at least one processor to direct a mechanism disclosed herein to implement (e.g., effectuate) any of the method disclosed herein, wherein the at least one processor is configured to operatively couple to the mechanism. The mechanism can comprise any apparatus (or any component thereof) disclosed herein. In some embodiments, atleast two operations (e.g., of the apparatus) are directed / executed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at less at two operations are directed / executed by different processors.

[0015] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable program instructions (e.g., included in a program product comprising one or more non-transitory medium) comprising machine-executable code that, upon execution by one or more processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the method) are directed / executed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at less at two operations are directed / executed by different processors.

[0016] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium or media comprising machine-executable code that, upon execution by one or more processors, effectuates directions of the controller(s) (e.g., as disclosed herein). In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the controller) are directed / executed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at less at two operations are directed / executed by different processors.

[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer system comprising one or more computer processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium or media coupled thereto. The non-transitory computer-readable medium comprises machine-executable code that, upon execution by the one or more processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein and / or effectuates directions of the controller(s) disclosed herein.

[0018] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer readable program instructions that, when read by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to execute any operation of the methods disclosed herein, any operation performed (or configured to be performed) by the apparatuses disclosed herein, and / or any operation directed (or configured to be directed) by the apparatuses disclosed herein.

[0019] In some embodiments, the program instructions are inscribed in a non-transitory computer readable medium or media. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are executed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each executed by different processors of the one or more processors.

[0020] The content of this summary section is provided as a simplified introduction to the disclosure and is not intended to be used to limit the scope of any invention disclosed herein or the scope of the appended claims.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the presentdisclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

[0022] These and other features and embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0023] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings or figures (also “Fig.” and “Figs.” herein), of which:

[0025] Fig. 1 schematically shows an infrastructure of a building;

[0026] Fig. 2 schematically shows a network infrastructure of a building;

[0027] Fig. 3 shows an example system-level architecture for activating a mobile device on a facility network;

[0028] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing aspects of a user experience when activating and utilizing and eSIM-equipped mobile phone;

[0029] Figs. 5 and 6 are swim-lane diagrams illustrating an example eSIM activation process;

[0030] Fig. 7 is a swim-lane diagram illustrating another example eSIM activation process;

[0031] Fig. 8 is a swim-lane diagram illustrating yet another example eSIM activation process;

[0032] Fig. 9 shows a flowchart for a method for establishing enhanced cellular connectivity in a facility;

[0033] Fig. 10 shows a flowchart for a method for connecting a mobile device to a cellular network of a facility;

[0034] Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a system for granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device communicatively coupled with a network, according to an embodiment;

[0035] Fig. 12 is a flow diagram of a method for granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, according to an embodiment;

[0036] Fig. 13 is a flow diagram of another method for granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, according to an embodiment;

[0037] Fig. 14 is a system diagram of an example system for routing signals;

[0038] Fig. 15 schematically shows routing of signals associated with a facility;

[0039] Fig. 16 schematically shows an electrochromic device;

[0040] Fig. 17 schematically shows a cross-section of a tintable window;

[0041] Fig. 18 schematically shows an example of a control system architecture; and

[0042] Fig. 19 schematically shows an example computer system.

[0043] The figures and components therein may not be drawn to scale. Various components of the figures described herein may not be drawn to scale.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] While various embodiments of the invention have been shown, and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein might be employed.

[0045] Terms such as “a,” “an,” and “the” are not intended to refer to only a singular entity but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The terminology herein is used to describe specific embodiments of the invention(s), but their usage does not delimit the invention(s).

[0046] When ranges are mentioned, the ranges are meant to be inclusive, unless otherwise specified. For example, a range between value 1 and value 2 is meant to be inclusive and include value 1 and value 2. The inclusive range will span any value from about value 1 to about value 2. The term “adjacent” or “adjacent to,” as used herein, includes “next to,” “adjoining,” “in contact with,” and “in proximity to.”

[0047] As used herein, including in the claims, the conjunction “and / or” in a phrase such as “including X, Y, and / or Z”, refers to in inclusion of any combination or plurality of X, Y, and Z. For example, such phrase is meant to include X. For example, such phrase is meant to include Y. For example, such phrase is meant to include Z. For example, such phrase is meant to include X and Y. For example, such phrase is meant to include X and Z. For example, such phrase is meant to include Y and Z. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Xs. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Ys. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Zs. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Xs and a plurality of Ys. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Xs and a plurality of Zs. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Ys and a plurality of Zs. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Xs and Y. For example, such phrase is meant to include aplurality of Xs and Z. For example, such phrase is meant to include a plurality of Ys and Z. For example, such phrase is meant to include X and a plurality of Ys. For example, such phrase is meant to include X and a plurality of Zs. For example, such phrase is meant to include Y and a plurality of Zs.

[0048] The term “operatively coupled” or “operatively connected” refers to a first element (e.g., mechanism) that is coupled (e.g., connected) to a second element, to allow the intended operation of the second and / or first element. The coupling may comprise physical or non-physical coupling (e.g., communicative coupling). The non-physical coupling may comprise signal-induced coupling (e.g., wireless coupling). Coupled can include physical coupling (e.g., physically connected), or non-physical coupling (e.g., via wireless communication). Operatively coupled may comprise communicatively coupled.

[0049] An element (e.g., mechanism) that is “configured to” perform a function includes a structural feature that causes the element to perform this function. A structural feature may include an electrical feature, such as a circuitry or a circuit element. A structural feature may include an actuator. A structural feature may include a circuitry (e.g., comprising electrical or optical circuitry). Electrical circuitry may comprise one or more wires. Optical circuitry may comprise at least one optical element (e.g., beam splitter, mirror, lens and / or optical fiber). A structural feature may include a mechanical feature. A mechanical feature may comprise a latch, a spring, a closure, a hinge, a chassis, a support, a fastener, or a cantilever, and so forth. Performing the function may comprise utilizing a logical feature. A logical feature may include programming instructions. Programming instructions may be executable by at least one processor. Programming instructions may be stored or encoded on a medium accessible by one or more processors. Additionally, in the following description, the phrases “operable to,” “adapted to,” “configured to,” “designed to,” “programmed to,” or “capable of” may be used interchangeably where appropriate.

[0050] In some embodiments, an enclosure comprises an area defined by at least one structure. The at least one structure may comprise at least one wall. An enclosure may comprise and / or enclose one or more sub-enclosures. The at least one wall may comprise metal (e.g., steel), clay, stone, plastic, glass, plaster (e.g., gypsum), polymer (e.g., polyurethane, styrene, or vinyl), asbestos, fiber-glass, concrete (e.g., reinforced concrete), wood, paper, or a ceramic. The at least one wall may comprise wire, bricks, blocks (e.g., cinder blocks), tile, drywall, or frame (e.g., steel frame).

[0051] In some embodiments, the enclosure comprises one or more openings. The one or more openings may be reversibly closable. The one or more openings may be permanently open. A fundamental length scale of the one or more openings may be smaller relative to the fundamentallength scale of the wall(s) that define the enclosure. A fundamental length scale may comprise a diameter of a bounding circle, a length, a width, or a height. A surface of the one or more openings may be smaller relative to the surface the wall(s) that define the enclosure. The opening surface may be a percentage of the total surface of the wall(s). For example, the opening surface can measure at most about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the walls(s). The wall(s) may comprise a floor, a ceiling, or a side wall. The closable opening may be closed by at least one window or door. The enclosure may be at least a portion of a facility. The facility may comprise a building. The enclosure may comprise at least a portion of a building. The building may be a private building and / or a commercial building. The building may comprise one or more floors. The building (e.g., floor thereof) may include at least one of: a room, hall, foyer, attic, basement, balcony (e.g., inner or outer balcony), stairwell, corridor, elevator shaft, facade, mezzanine, penthouse, garage, porch (e.g., enclosed porch), terrace (e.g., enclosed terrace), cafeteria, and / or Duct. The building may comprise a family home. The building may be an apartment building (e.g., multi residential building) or a single family home. A facility may comprise one or more buildings. In some embodiments, an enclosure may be stationary and / or movable (e.g., a train, an airplane, a ship, a vehicle (e.g., a car), or a rocket). In some embodiments, the facility may be stationary and / or movable (e.g., a train, a plane, a ship, a vehicle (e.g., a car), or a rocket). The facility may comprise a factory, a medical facility, a financial institution (e.g., a bank), in a hospitality institution (e.g., hotel), a shopping center, a restaurant, a distribution center, an educational facility (e.g., school, college or university), an office building, a mass transit station (e.g., train station, or an airport), or a governmental building. The facility can be a commercial and / or a residential building such as an apartment complex or a single family home.

[0052] In some embodiments, the enclosure encloses an atmosphere. The atmosphere may comprise one or more gases. The gases may include inert gases (e.g., comprising argon or nitrogen) and / or non- inert gases (e.g., comprising oxygen or carbon dioxide). The enclosure atmosphere may resemble an atmosphere external to the enclosure (e.g., ambient atmosphere) in at least one external atmosphere characteristic that includes: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (e.g., humidity, and / or oxygen level), debris (e.g., dust and / or pollen), and / or gas velocity. The enclosure atmosphere may be different from the atmosphere external to the enclosure in at least one external atmosphere characteristic that includes: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (e.g., humidity, and / or oxygen level), debris (e.g., dust and / or pollen), and / or gas velocity. For example, the enclosure atmosphere may be less humid (e.g., drier) than the external (e.g., ambient) atmosphere. For example, the enclosure atmosphere may contain the same (e.g., or a substantially similar) oxygen-to-nitrogen ratio as the atmosphere external to the enclosure. The velocity of the gas in theenclosure may be (e.g., substantially) similar throughout the enclosure. The velocity of the gas in the enclosure may be different in different portions of the enclosure (e.g., by flowing gas through to a vent that is coupled with the enclosure).

[0053] As noted, an area of interest for device control includes control of optically switchable devices (e.g., tintable windows) associated with an enclosure, such as a building. In particular, the granting of a user temporary control of optically switchable devices in a space, area, or site within an enclosure. While long-term control may be authorized and granted to building administrators and / or other personnel via account-based access to a building system that controls the optically switchable devices, it may be infeasible to allow account-based access to multi-user spaces where there may be multiple users on a weekly or daily basis. Patient rooms in a medical facility are an example where long-term control may be granted to authorized users (e.g., doctors, nurses, or other medical staff), but it may be desirable to provide short-term control to patients while the patients are in the room, which could be minutes, hours, or days.

[0054] Embodiments can address these and other issues by granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device (e.g., tintable window) and / or other device controlled by a building system located within a space in a facility. Rather than setting up a new account for account-based access, embodiments can enable a user to use a link (e.g., provided in a QR code within the space) to access a web application (e.g., via a browser) that grants the user access to an “open” account for the space to control the one or more optically switchable devices via a building control system for a limited period of time. As previously noted, predetermined access controls may be granted to the account, providing access to other features of the optically switchable devices (e.g., modes, time schedules, etc.).

[0055] Additional details regarding embodiments that enable the temporary control of optically switchable devices are provided hereafter, after the description of relevant terms and technology. It can be further noted that, although embodiments described herein relate to the temporary control of optically switchable devices, alternative embodiments may provide for the temporary control of additional or alternative types of devices.

[0056] Fig. 1 shows an example of a building with device ensembles (e.g., assemblies). As points of connection, the building can include multiple rooftop donor antennas 105a, 105b as well as a sky sensor 107 for sending electromagnetic radiation (e.g., infrared, ultraviolet, and / or visible light). These wireless signals may allow a building services network to wirelessly interface with one or more communications service provider systems. The building has a control panel 113 for connecting to a provider’s central office 111 via a physical line 109 (e.g., an optical fiber such as a single mode optical fiber). The control panel 113 (e.g., including a controller such as part of acontrol system) may include hardware and / or software configured to provide functions of, for example, a signal source carrier headend, a fiber distribution headend, and / or a (e.g., bi-directional) amplifier or repeater. The rooftop donor antennas 105 a and 105b allow building occupants and / or devices to access a wireless system communications service of a (e.g., 3rdparty) provider, the antenna and / or controller(s) may provide access to the same service provider system, a different service provider system, or some variation such as two interface elements providing access to a system of a first service provider, and a different interface element providing access to a system of a second service provider.

[0057] As shown in the example of Fig. 1, a vertical data plane may include a (e.g., high capacity, or high-speed) data carrying line 119 such as (e.g., single mode) optical fiber or UTP copper lines (of sufficient gauge). In some embodiments, at least one control panel could be provided on at least part of the floors of the building (e.g., on each floor). In some embodiments, one (e.g., high capacity) communication line can directly connect a control panel in the top floor with (e.g., main) control panel 113 in the bottom floor (or in the basement floor) . Note that control panel 113 directly connects to rooftop antennas 105a, 105b and / or sky sensor 107, while control panel 113 also directly connects to the (e.g., 3rdparty) service provider central office 111.

[0058] Fig. 1 shows an example of a horizontal data plane that may include one or more of the control panels and data carrying wiring (e.g., lines), which include trunk lines 121. In certain embodiments, the trunk lines are made from coaxial cable. The trunk lines may comprise any wiring disclosed herein. The control panels may be configured to provide data on the trunk lines 121 via a data communication protocol (such as MoCA and / or G.hn). The data communication protocol may comprise (i) a next generation home networking protocol (abbreviated herein as “G.hn” protocol), (ii) communications technology that transmits digital information over power lines that traditionally used to (e.g., only) deliver electrical power, or (iii) hardware devices designed for communication and transfer of data (e.g., Ethernet, USB and / or Wi-Fi) through electrical wiring of a building. The data transfer protocols may facilitate data transmission rates of at least 1 Gigabits per second (Gbit / s), 2 Gbit / s, 3 Gbit / s, 4 Gbit / s, or 5 Gbit / s. The data transfer protocol may operate over telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines, and / or (e.g., plastic) optical fiber. The data transfer protocol may be facilitated using a chip (e.g., comprising a semiconductor device).

[0059] Each horizontal data plane may provide high speed network access to one or more device ensembles 123 (e.g., a set of one or more devices in a housing comprising an assembly of devices) and / or antennas 125, some or all of which are optionally integrated with device ensembles 123. Antennas 125 (and associated radios, not shown) may be configured to provide wireless access byany of various protocols, including, e.g., cellular (e.g., one or more frequency bands at or proximate 28 GHz), Wi-Fi (e.g., one or more frequency bands at 2.4, 5, and 60 GHz), CBRS, and the like. Drop lines may connect device ensembles 123 to trunk lines 121. In some embodiments, a horizontal data plane is deployed on a floor of a building. The devices in the device ensemble may comprise a sensor, emitter, or antenna. The device ensemble may comprise a circuitry. The devices in the device ensemble may be operatively coupled to the circuitry. One or more donor antennas such as 105a, or 105b may connect to the control panel 113 via high speed lines (e.g., single mode optical fiber or copper). In the depicted example, the control panel 113 may be located in a lower floor of the building. The connection to the donor antenna(s) 105 a, 105b may be via one or more vRAN radios and wiring (e.g., coaxial cable).

[0060] The communications service provider central office 111 connects to ground floor control panel 113 via a high speed line 109 (e.g., an optical fiber serving as part of a backhaul). This entry point of the service provider to the building is sometimes referred to as a Main Point of Entry (MPOE), and it may be configured to permit the building to distribute both voice and data traffic.

[0061] In some embodiments, data transmission (and in some embodiments voice services), may be provided in a building via wireless and / or wired communications. The communication may be provided to and / or from occupants of the building. The data transmission and / or voice services may become difficult due at least in part to attenuation by building structures (such as walls, floors, ceilings, and / or windows) in third, fourth, or fifth generation (3G, 4G, or 5G) cellular communication. Relative to 3G and 4G communication, the attenuation becomes more severe with higher frequencies such as those used by 5G. To address this challenge, a building can be outfitted with components that serve as gateways, or ports, for cellular signals. Such gateways may couple to infrastructure in the interior of the building that provide wireless service (e.g., via interior antennas and / or other infrastructure implementing Wi-Fi, small cell service (e.g., via microcell or femtocell devices), CBRS, etc.). The gateways, or points of entry, for such services may include high speed cable (e.g., underground) from a central office of a carrier and / or a wireless signal received at an antenna strategically located on the building exterior (e.g., a donor antenna and / or sky sensor on the building’s roof). The high speed cable to the building can be referred to as “backhaul.”

[0062] Fig. 2 presents an embodiment of a communications network 200 for an enclosure such as a building. The example shown in Fig. 2 depicts links that may comprise one or more cables (e.g., coaxial cables or twisted cables). The link may be a communication and / or electrical power line. The cables may be a cable bundle. The cable bundle can transmit electrical power and / or communication. The cable (e.g., coaxial cable) can transmit electrical power and / orcommunication. In the depicted embodiment, network 200 includes a vertically oriented network portion (including a vertical communication line 205) that connects network targets (e.g., components) on multiple floors of the enclosure (e.g., of the facility). In the example shown in Fig. 2, a vertical data plane comprises a first control panel 207 (e.g., comprising a floor controller) on a first floor, a second control panel 209 (e.g., comprising a floor controller) on a second floor, and a third control panel 211 (e.g., comprising a floor controller) on third floor. Physical (e.g., wired) communications and / or electrical power link 213 connects control panels 207 and 209. Physical communications and / or electrical power link 215 connects control panels 209 and 211. Physical communications and / or electrical power link 217 connects control panels 207 and 211. As illustrated, control panels 207, 209, and 211 along with physical communications and / or power links 213, 215, and 217 form a loop. The loop may provide redundancy in the network. As an example, physical communications and / or electrical power link 217 provides redundancy on the vertical plane if one of the other physical communications and / or electrical power links (e.g., link 213 or 215) should fail. Communications links 213, 215, and 217 may comprise electrical wires and / or optical fibers. Communications links 213, 215, and 217 may comprise a coaxial wire.

[0063] In the example shown in Fig. 2, control panel 207 is communicatively coupled (e.g., connected) to an external network 201 (e.g., external to the building and / or in the cloud) via an access network 203. Control panel 207 is communicatively coupled (e.g., connected) to access network 203 by a physical communications and / or electrical power link 204, which may comprise an optical fiber and / or an electrical wire. Control panel 207 is connected to an antenna 289 that is external to the building. The antennal 289 may be a receiving antenna (e.g., a donor antenna).

[0064] Fig. 2 shows an example of control panel 207 that is operatively coupled (e.g., connected) to a first horizontal network portion that is horizontal data plane 219. Control panel 209 is operatively coupled (e.g., connected) to a second horizontal network portion that is horizontal data plane 221. Control panel 211 is operatively coupled (e.g., connected) to a third horizontal network portion that is horizontal data plane 223. The horizontal data planes 219, 221, and 223 include multiple network targets (e.g., components and / or devices such as a device ensemble). The network targets (e.g., components) can include client nodes. The client nodes can be located on respective floors of the building.

[0065] In the example shown in Fig. 2, horizontal data plane 219 includes network adaptors 251 a- 55 le. The network adapter (e.g., 251a) is coupled to communication and / or electrical power line (e.g., trunk line) 259 via a distribution junction (e.g., 290). Network adaptor 251a is connected to a collection of targets (e.g., including a transceiver, sensor and / or emitter) 253 and connected to an IGU 255 that may be an optically switchable window. Network adaptor 251a is configured toprovide electrical power and data to the collection of targets 253 (also referred to herein as “target ensemble’"), e.g., using a Power over Ethernet protocol (PoE). Network adaptor 25 Id is connected to at least one third-party device 257 such as a computation device. Network adaptor 25 Id is configured to provide network connectivity to third party device 257. Providing the network connectivity may comprise logic implementing a link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) that supports, e.g., PoE. A target may comprise a device. The deice may comprise a transceiver, a sensor, an emitter, a display, a smart window, a processor, a controller (e.g., a local controller such as a microcontroller), a memory, an antenna, or a communication hub.

[0066] In the example shown in Fig. 2, control panel 207 is connected to network adaptors 25 la- 2516 by a link (e.g., coaxial cable) 259. The connection can be by a coaxial or other type of (e.g., electrical and / or optical) cable, e.g., as disclosed herein. Control panel 209 is connected to client nodes on horizontal data plane 221 by a link (e.g., coaxial cable) 261. Control panel 211 is connected to client nodes on horizontal data plane 223 by a link (e.g., coaxial cable) 263. In the example shown in Fig. 2, control panel 207 comprises two head ends 265a and 265b, a switch 267 (abbreviated herein as “SW”) and a distributed antenna system (abbreviated herein as “DAS”) 269. The Switch is operatively coupled (e.g., connected to two edge distribution frame devices (abbreviated herein as “EDFs”). Head end 265a is connected to multiple links (e.g., coaxial cables), including link (e.g., coaxial cable) 259. While not shown, head end 265b is connected to at least one link (e.g., coaxial cable). Switch 267 is connected to (e.g., communication and / or electrical power) links 204, 213, and 217. The connection may be via optical and / or electrical cable(s). DAS 269 is configured to control and / or communicate with one or more antennas, including antenna 273, on horizontal data plane 219. The antenna may be an internal building antenna (e.g., 273) and / or or an external (e.g., donor) antenna (e.g., 289). In the example shown in Fig. 2, an electrical power and / or communications link (e.g., cable) 271 connects antenna 273 to control panel 207. Link 271 is also connected to a directional coupler (e.g., configured for directional data communication protocol such as MoCA or G.hn) Other client nodes 275 a and 275b are connected to control panel 207 via electrical power and / or communications link (e.g., cable) 271. Head ends 265a and 265b are configured to send and / or receive data encoded in accordance with one or more protocols which comprise (i) a next generation home networking protocol (abbreviated herein as “G.hn” protocol), (ii) communications technology that transmits digital information over electrical power lines that traditionally used to (e.g., only) deliver electrical power, or (iii) hardware devices designed for communication and transfer of data (e.g., Ethernet, USB and Wi-Fi) through electrical wiring of a building. The data transfer protocols may facilitate data transmission rates of at least 1 Gigabits per second (Gbit / s), 2 Gbit / s, 3 Gbit / s, 4 Gbit / s, or 2 Gbit / s. The data transfer protocolmay operate over telephone wiring, coaxial cables, electrical power lines, and / or (e.g., plastic) optical fiber. The data transfer protocol may be facilitated using a chip (e.g., comprising a semiconductor device). In the example shown in Fig. 2, Horizontal data plane 221 includes a network adaptor 277 connected to control panel 209 by a link (e.g., coaxial cable) 279. Horizontal data plane 221 includes a physical power (e.g., 48V DC) and / or (electrical power and / or communications) line 281 for connecting one or more antennas (not shown) to control panel 209. Horizontal data plane 223 includes, in addition to link (e.g., coaxial cable) 263, a second link (e.g., coaxial cable) 283 for connecting to one or more network adaptors or other client nodes (not shown) to control panel 211. Horizontal data plane 223 includes a physical (e.g., electrical power and / or communications) line 285 for connecting one or more antennas (not shown) to control panel 211. Control panel 211 is also connected to a (e.g., cellular) antenna 287.

[0067] In some embodiments, a router (e.g., a headend router) routes signals between one or more small cell devices associated with a facility and one or more RAUs associated with the facility. A router may be configured to route signals between one small cell device and one RAU, between two or more small cell devices and one RAU, and / or between two or more RAUs and one small cell device. The router may be configured to dynamically change routing of signals, based on, for example, a configuration received by a small cell controller. Dynamic change in routing may be implemented via a signal manipulator of a router. In some embodiments, the signal manipulator may be programmable. For example, in some embodiments, the signal manipulator may be programmed to split and / or combine signals from one or more small cell devices and / or one or more RAUs according to a configuration, e.g., received from a small cell controller.

[0068] As noted, network infrastructure such as the infrastructure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 can be used to establish a facility network that provides cellular functionality at a facility and / or enhances the cellular coverage of cellular network of a traditional carrier. This facility network can be deployed at a variety of facilities types such as, for example, airports, malls, banks, hospitals, hotels, or stadiums, allowing persons within wireless range of the network infrastructure (e.g., in and around the facility) access to the facility network. Activating a cellular-enabled mobile device on the facility network may leverage an embedded subscriber identification module (eSIM) of the cellular-enabled mobile device, and involve multiple components including a subscription database, policy and billing system, and an eSIM portal. An example of this is shown in Fig. 3 and described below.

[0069] Fig. 3 shows an example system-level architecture 300 for activating a mobile device 305 on a facility network 315, according to an embodiment. The mobile device 305 may comprise a cellular device such as a mobile phone, laptop, or tablet. The facility network 310 may comprisea network architecture as previously described with regard to Figs. 1 and 2. In particular, the facility network 310 may comprise a wireless network capable of providing cellular access to one or more buildings, including any of the previously-described facilities. As noted, some embodiments may comprise a multi-facility network. A cellular network 315 may comprise a cellular network (e.g., a 3G, 4G, or 5G cellular network, as previously described) provided by a traditional cellular carrier or by a separate provider (e.g., the provider of the facility network 310). In some embodiments, the facility network 310 may be seen as an extended cellular network providing a type of “roaming” access to the cellular network 315. The cellular network 315 may be communicatively coupled with the facility network 310, mobile device 305, and the Internet 320. In the example illustrated in Fig. 3, the cellular network 315 may provide the mobile device 305 and / or facility network 310 access to the Internet 320. In some embodiments, the facility network 310 and / or mobile device 305 may have access to the Internet 320 via other means. Additionally coupled with the Internet 320 are an eSIM portal 325, a subscription database 330, and policy / billing system 333 which can be used by the system-level architecture 300 to access and administer an eSIM to the mobile device 305 according to a subscriber profile, activate the eSIM to grant the mobile device 305 access to the facility network 310, and maintain policy and billing information with respect to the eSIM. Additional details regarding this process are provided below with regard to Figs. 4-10.

[0070] Because a facility network (e.g., facility network 310) may be communicatively coupled with loT devices of the facility, a mobile device activated on the facility network may enable an end user to access and / or control the IOT devices. This may enable control of one or more building systems of the facility by facilitating security, health, and / or environmental control of the facility (e.g., via control of HVAC systems, security cameras, etc.). Access to some or all of such loT devices may be granted based on a connectivity profile associated with the mobile device, described in further detail hereinafter. The connectivity profile may be linked to security and / or other access type of the end user (e.g., administrator, staff, etc.). In some embodiments, user preferences may be obtained from the end-user. These user preferences may be obtained via questionnaire to the user as the user first accesses the facility network or obtained over time based on preferences observed by the mobile device and / or facility network. These preferences may include facility-related preferences such as preferred temperature, humidity, lighting / window tint, etc. In some embodiments, the facility network may be responsive to user preferences of one or more users located in the facility (e.g., based on the mobile device being connected with the facility network). In some embodiments, network-based positioning, such as multilateration and / or multiangulation based on measurements (e.g., round-trip time (RTT), received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), etc.) of transmitted and / or received by the mobile device and a plurality of cellular access points may enable a more precise position determination of the mobile device, allowing for the facility network to implement preferences of a user associated with the mobile device for a room or other space within the facility in which the mobile device is located.

[0071] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing aspects of a user experience when activating and utilizing and eSIM-equipped mobile phone 410 at a facility network (e.g., facility network 310), in some embodiments. An eSIM-equipped mobile phone 410 is a mobile phone capable of downloading an eSIM profile and installing the eSIM (also known as an electric SIM or virtual SIM) and using it to access a cellular network in a manner similar to a physical subscriber identification module (SIM) card. Some mobile phones and other cellular devices may be capable of using one or more eSIMs in conjunction with one or more physical SIM cards to access multiple cellular networks, and eSIMs are designed to allow a mobile phone to access a cellular network via an eSIM without interfering with the cellular service provided via the physical SIM card.

[0072] As illustrated in Fig. 4, a user 415 of the eSIM-equipped mobile phone 410 may initiate the process of activating the mobile phone 410 on a facility network by obtaining a quick response (QR) code 420. When used by the mobile phone 410, the QR code 420 causes the mobile phone 410 to send a request to an eSIM portal (e.g. eSIM portal 325), which may be executed by a server, that provides a subscriber profile (e.g., eSIM profile) associated with the request. The request may be made via an existing Internet connection (e.g., via Wi-Fi or cellular network). As illustrated, the QR code 420 may be obtained via a kiosk 425 in or near the facility associated with the facility network. In some embodiments, the QR code 420 may be obtained via an online portal using any Internet-connected device. In some embodiments, the QR code 420 may be obtained via a sign, ticket, advertisement, or other visual marker located on the Internet (e.g., a website associated with the facility and / or facility network provider) and / or at or near the facility. In some embodiments, a barcode, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) link, or other indicator may be used by the mobile phone 410 to request the subscriber profile. The QR code 420 or other indicator may have an embedded Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that causes the mobile phone 410 to send the request via a browser or other application executed by the mobile phone 410.

[0073] Although the subscriber profile (e.g., eSIM profile) provided to the mobile phone 410 in response to the request sent to the eSIM portal may have a unique International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI), the QR code 420 used by the mobile phone 410 to make the request may be associated with a plurality of subscriber profiles. The mapping of QR code 420 to IMSI may therefore be 1 :N where N is equal to or greater than one. In instances where N=1 the QR code 420 may be generated for specific user. In such instances, the QR code 420 may be generated based onpersonal or individualized data unique to the user 415, and may be generated on demand at the kiosk 425 or a web portal. In one example, the user 415 uses a kiosk 425 to purchase and eSIM to gain access to a facility network associated with one or more buildings or facilities. The user 415 selects particular connectivity options (bandwidth, time limits, etc.) and enters personal data (name, email address, etc.), and the eSIM portal uses this unique combination of information to generate a unique QR code 420 associated with a URL request that includes the unique information embedded therein. In this manner, each user of a facility network may have a corresponding unique QR code. In cases where N> 1 the QR code 420 may be predetermined and associated with a certain user type. As noted, predetermined QR codes may be printed on signs, tickets, etc. different QR codes may be given to different user types (e.g., ticket holder, guest, staff, etc.). In one example, a first QR code associated with ticketholders at a stadium may be printed on tickets to a sporting event held at the stadium, while a second QR code associated with staff at the stadium may be provided on a sign in a room accessible only to the staff. (In some embodiments, digital signage may not be unique to a particular user, but may be updated over time with different QR codes to provide different types of access to the facility network at different times.) Groups defining different user types may be grouped by any of a variety of factors, including by venue, by payment tier (e.g., premium user or standard user), role with respect to a facility (e.g., guest, administrator, or employees / staff), etc. The QR code 420, whether used by a single user or many users of a user type, may be mapped to a connectivity profile that defines the type of connectivity the mobile phone 410 will have with the facility network once activated.

[0074] Although an eSIM may be associated with a single connectivity profile, several connectivity profiles may be defined to allow specific users or user groups customized access to the facility network. Customizable options defined in a connectivity profile may include, for example, a quality of service (QOS), security, network access, or device access. QOS may describe bandwidth, latency, and / or similar connection attributes for mobile phone. Security may include encryption and / or other means of secure communication. Network access may include access to different types of networks. Guests at a venue, for example, may be given access to the Internet, whereas administrators and staff at the venue also may be granted access to the venue’s local area network (LAN). Network access may also include times during which the facility network may be accessed (e.g., during an event, at certain times of day, on a particular schedule, etc.). Device access may allow access to certain devices of a facility, including HVAC controls, windowdimming controls, temperature and / or other sensors, etc. Again, these options may be associated with a connectivity profile, which may be associated with a URL request of a particular QR code 420.

[0075] As previously noted, activation of a mobile phone on a facility network may not only provide a user access to the facility network at a particular facility, but may also provide the user access at other facilities. In the example illustrated in Fig. 4, for example, the user 415 is allowed access (labeled as an eSIM-based Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) passport) to facility networks at the Dallas airport 430, the JFK airport 440, and the San Francisco airport 450. In some embodiments, a user may be granted access to any number of different facilities maintained and / or networked with a facility network provider once a mobile device is activated on the facility network. According to some embodiments, once the mobile device is activated at a first facility, it may automatically log onto the facility network of the first facility and / or other facilities associated with the first facility once it is within wireless range of the facility network. As such, registration may be permanent in some embodiments; there may be no need to register or activate the mobile device more than once.

[0076] Figs. 5 and 6 are swim-lane diagrams illustrating an eSIM activation process, according to an embodiment. The diagrams show interactions between various components involved, including the mobile phone 505, eSIM portal 510, subscription database 515, and policy / billing system 520. These components may correspond with counterparts illustrated in Fig. 3, described previously. Although Figs. 5 and 6 indicate that the eSIM portal 510, subscription database 515, and policy / billing system 520 may all belong to a single operator (e.g., the operator of a facility network), embodiments are not so limited. In some embodiments, an eSIM portal may be operated and maintained by an entity different than the entity / entities operating the subscription database and / or the policy / billing system. In some embodiments, the eSIM portal, subscription database, and policy / billing system may be implemented by single physical server, or may be implemented using two or more physical servers, which may be at separate geographical locations.

[0077] In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5, the eSIM activation process may begin by the eSIM portal 510 providing the mobile phone 505 with a QR code, as illustrated by arrow 525. As previously noted and illustrated in Fig. 5, a QR code may be associated with a connection profile and may be mapped to a single IMSI or to multiple IMSIs. The eSIM portal 525 may provide the QR code via a kiosk (e.g., kiosk 425) or website in response to a purchase or other transaction initiated by the end user of the mobile phone 505, or may be provided on signage, tickets, and / or other materials. The mobile phone 505 can then be used to scan the QR code (as illustrated at action 530), which can prompt the mobile phone 505 to send a eSIM profile download request (e.g., via a URL) to the eSIM portal510, as illustrated at arrow 535. This request may be sent via the Internet or other network connecting the mobile phone 505 with the eSIM portal 510, such as via an existing cellular network connection (e.g., as shown between mobile device 305 and cellularnetwork 315 Fig. 3) or a Wi-Fi connection (which may be provided at the facility). If personalized (e.g., 1 : 1 QR code to IMSI ratio), the QR code may be generated on demand, and the corresponding download request may include personalized / unique information (e.g., via commands / parameters embedded in a URL). After receiving the request, the eSIM portal 510 can determine which eSIM profile is to be downloaded, as indicated at block 540.

[0078] In some embodiments, deciding which eSIM profile to be downloaded may be dependent on the connectivity profile or connectivity profile type associated with the QR code and subsequent eSIM profile download request. As noted, a network facility may establish different connectivity profiles to allow customizable connectivity for each user or user type, varying in features such as QOS, security, network accessibility, or device accessibility. The eSIM portal 510 may therefore determine the eSIM profile for the mobile phone 505 by associating an eSIM profile with a connectivity profile corresponding to the eSIM profile download request 535 or selecting an unused eSIM profile already associated with the correct connectivity profile. After downloading the eSIM profile, illustrated at arrow 545, the mobile phone 505 can install the eSIM profile and provide an acknowledgment of successful eSIM profile installation, as indicated at arrow 550. Responsive to the receipt of this acknowledgment, the eSIM portal 510 can provide an IMSI activation notification to the subscription database 515 to activate the IMSI on the facility network. In some embodiments, eSIM profile activation in the manner illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, or in an alternative manner for eSIM provisioning, may be provided in accordance with global standards (e.g., in accordance with related specifications of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Association).

[0079] FIG. 6 continues the process illustrated in Fig. 5, illustrating operations performed by the subscription database 515 and policy / billing system 520. After the subscription database 515 receives the IMSI activation notification, the subscription database 515 then retreat specifics regarding the connectivity profile for corresponding to the installed eSIM from the policy / billing system 520, as indicated at 610. In some embodiments, connectivity information associated with the eSIM profile by the eSIM portal 510 may be communicated to and maintained by the policy / billing system 520. In some embodiments, the connectivity information may be communicated to the subscription database 515 by the eSIM portal 510 together with the IMSI activation notification 555, and further relayed to the policy / billing system 520 (e.g., in the communication exchange indicated at 610). In some embodiments, the connectivity information provided to the policy / billing system 520 may comprise a general connectivity type (e.g., standard guest, premium guest, staff, or administrator), and the policy / billing system 520 can provide a specific connectivity profile (e.g., indicating QOS profile, access, etc., as shown in Fig. 6)associated with the connectivity type. In this manner, changes or updates to connectivity types may be maintained by the policy / billing system 520. In some embodiments, the connectivity information may be pre-provisioned by an operator such that each eSIM (and associated IMS!) corresponds to a particular connectivity profile. This enables the eSIM portal 510 to provide an eSIM to an end user that corresponds to the type of connectivity profile of the end-user. In such embodiments, when IMSI (or other information specific to an eSIM) is shared between the eSIM portal 510, subscription database 515, and / or policy / billing system 520, connectivity profile information (e.g., indicating QOS profile, access, etc.) can be determined from the IMSI. Depending on the billing arrangement (e.g., with the end-user), the policy / billing system 520 may be used to bill the end-user (e.g., on a one-time, scheduled, or periodic basis) and may therefore be used to verify payment has been made and, if so, the IMSI corresponding to the eSIM profile installed on the mobile phone 505 may be activated in the subscription database 515. Once the subscription database 515 verifies payment has been made and (e.g., optionally) the connectivity type from the policy / billing system 520, the subscription database 515 can then activate the IMSI on the facility network, as shown at block 615. If payment is not made and / or the end-user’s subscription expires or lapses for some other reason, the policy / billing system 520 may indicate this to the subscription database 515, which can then deactivate the IMSI on the facility network.

[0080] Fig. 7 is a swim-lane diagram showing another example eSIM activation process, according to an embodiment. In some aspects, FIG. 7 may be viewed as variation to or implementation of the eSIM activation process illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. In this example, components may comprise a mobile device 701, eSIM portal 702, subscription database 703, and policy / billing system 704. As noted, eSIM portal 702, subscription database 703, and policy / billing system 704 may be operated by a single operator or a combination of different operators (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 8 and described hereafter). At block 705, the mobile device 701 requests network access from the eSIM portal 702. This request may be made via an existing Internet connection, for example, using a browser or app executed by the mobile device 701. At block 710, the eSIM portal 702 receives the network access request and provides an eSIM profile access code at block 715, which is received by the mobile device 701 at block 720. The eSIM profile access code may comprise a QR code (e.g., as indicated in previous figures), barcode, URL, and / or other information enabling the mobile device profile 701 to request the eSIM profile. In some embodiments, the eSIM profile access code may be customized to the mobile device 701 and may have information indicative of the customizations embedded therein. Responsive to receiving the eSIM profile access code, the mobile device 701 can then request to the eSIM profile at block 725, which is received by the eSIM portal 702 at block 730. The request may include informationregarding any connectivity customizations for the mobile device 701. As noted, the eSIM portal 702 can then determine a particular eSIM profile corresponding to a connectivity profile or type associated with the eSIM profile access code. The eSIM portal 702 then provides the eSIM profile at block 735, which is received by the mobile device 701 at block 740. The mobile device 701 installs the eSIM profile at block 745, and sends a report of the successful installation at block 750, which is received by the eSIM portal 702 at block 755. The eSIM portal 702 then sends and IMSI activation notification at block 760, which is received by the subscription database 703 at block 765. At block 770, the subscription database 703 sends a connectivity profile inquiry to the policy / billing system 704, which is received at block 775. As noted, the policy / billing system 704 can verify a connectivity profile at block 780, verifying and / or providing specific profile information to the subscription database 703 and / or verifying payment that may be associated with the eSIM activation. The verification is received by the subscription database 703 at block 785, which, in turn, activates the IMSI in the subscription database 790. This enables the mobile device 701 to then access the network, as shown at block 795, which is enabled by the subscription database 703 at block 797, based on the active status of the IMSI in the subscription database 703.

[0081] Fig. 8 is a swim-lane diagram showing yet another example eSIM activation process, illustrating a variation to the processes shown in Figs. 5-7. Similar to previous drawings, components include a mobile device 801, subscription database 802, and policy / billing system 803. In Fig. 8, however, the subscription database 802 and policy / billing system 803 our maintained by a facility network operator 804 that maintains and operates the facility network. Operations previously described as being performed by an eSIM portal (e.g., eSIM portal 710 or 702) may be performed by a cellular carrier 805 (e.g., a traditional cellular carrier), which may comprise, among other things, and eSIM portal similar to those previously described. At blocks 810 and 815, the mobile device 801 and a cellular carrier 805 may perform eSIM download inactivation, which may be performed in the manner shown in Figs. 5-7, for example. In response to the activation, the cellular carrier may then send and IMSI activation notification 865 to the subscription database 802. The subscription database 802, policy / billing system 803, and mobile device 801 may then perform the functions shown at blocks 865-897 for activating the IMSI on the subscription database 802, which may correspond with blocks 765-797, the details of which are described above with regard to FIG. 7.

[0082] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart for a method 900 for of establishing subscriber identity in a cellular network of a facility, according to an embodiment. The method 900 may be performed by one or more components of the cellular network of the facility (e.g., an eSIM portal, subscription database, and / or policy / billing system) and / or a system comprising the cellular network of thefacility. The method of Fig. 9 may be performed or directed by at least one controller (e.g., processor) coupled to the cellular network of the facility. The method of Fig. 9 may be performed or facilitated by a system comprising a network operatively coupled to the cellular network of the facility. The cellular network may comprise a wire configured to transit power and cellular communication. The cellular communication may abide by at least a fourth generation (4G), or a fifth generation (5G) cellular communication protocol (e.g., as defined by 3GPP or other wireless communication standards bodies). The cellular network may be of facilities that include the facility. The method 900 begins at 910, in which a request for a subscriber profile is received from a mobile device of the subscriber. As noted, the subscriber profile may comprise and eSIM profile and / or other information enabling the mobile device gain access to the cellular network of the facility. At 902, the method 900 comprises determining a connectivity profile based at least in part on the request received, wherein the connectivity profile comprises one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility. The one or more connectivity characteristics may comprise a QoS level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is granted or denied, and / or a bandwidth setting. The access level may comprise a level of access to (i) information accessible via the cellular network, (ii) a data network accessible via cellular network, and / or (iii) a device operatively coupled with the cellular network. Facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility may comprise facilitating security, health, and / or environmental control of the facility. The cellular network may be operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. The one or more building systems may comprise a device ensemble having a housing that encloses the one or more devices that comprise: (i) sensors, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and an emitter. The device ensemble may be disposed in a fixture of the facility, or may be attached to a fixture of the facility. The fixture may comprise a framing portion. The one or more building systems may comprise a tintable window. The tintable window may comprise an electrochromic window. At 903, the functionality comprises sending the subscriber profile to the mobile device, wherein the subscriber profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. As noted in the previously-described embodiments, the subscriber profile may comprise and / or be associated with an eSIM, which may be associated with a particular connectivity profile (e.g., in a subscriber database and / or policy / billing system).

[0083] In some embodiments, the method 900 may further (i) receiving an acknowledgment that the subscriber profile has been installed on the mobile device; and (ii) responsive to receiving the acknowledgement, activating the subscriber profile on the cellular network of the facility. Activating the subscriber profile may comprise sending an IMSI activation notification to asubscription database. The cellular network of the facility may be associated with a plurality of facilities, and activating the subscriber profile may comprise granting the mobile device access to the cellular network at least a subset of the plurality of facilities. Receiving the request (e.g., at block 902) may comprise receiving a URL. In such embodiments, the method 900 may further comprise, prior to receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL, and (ii) providing the indicator to the subscriber. The indicator may comprise the URL, a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) link, a QR code, or a bar code. Providing the indicator to the subscriber may comprise sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a web portal, a user device, or the mobile device. The URL may be unique to the subscriber, subscriber type, event, facility, or venue.

[0084] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart for a method 1000 for connecting a mobile device to a cellular network of a facility, according to an embodiment. The method 1000 may be performed by an eSIM-enabled (or similarly-enabled) mobile device. The method of Fig. 10 may be performed or facilitated by a system comprising a network operatively coupled to the cellular network of the facility. The cellular network may comprise a wire configured to transit power and cellular communication. The cellular communication may abide by at least a fourth generation (4G), or a fifth generation (5G) cellular communication protocol (e.g., as defined by 3GPP or other wireless communication standards bodies). The cellular network may be of facilities that include the facility. The method 1000 begins at 1010, in which a URL indicator for connecting to the cellular network of the facility is obtained. The indicator may comprise the URL, a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) link, a QR code, or a bar code. This may be obtained by the mobile device via a display, a kiosk, a web portal, a user device, or an application (e.g., app or browser) executed by the mobile device. The URL may be unique to the subscriber, subscriber type, event, facility, or venue. At 1002, a request from the mobile device is sent to a subscriber profile portal for a subscriber profile, wherein the request is based at least in part on the URL indicator. The URL indicator may, for example, have the request (which may include optional customizations) embedded therein. The subscriber profile may comprise and eSIM profile and / or other information enabling the mobile device gain access to the cellular network of the facility. At 1003, the subscriber profile is received from the subscriber profile portal, wherein the subscriber profile is associated with a connectivity profile comprising one or more connectivity characteristics for access to the cellular network of the facility. The one or more connectivity characteristics may comprise a QoS level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is granted or denied, and / or a bandwidth setting. The access level may comprise a level of access to (i) information accessible via the cellular network, (ii) a data network accessible via cellular network, and / or (iii) a device operatively coupled with the cellular network. Facilitating control of one ormore building systems of the facility may comprise facilitating security, health, and / or environmental control of the facility. The cellular network may be operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. The one or more building systems may comprise a device ensemble having a housing that encloses the one or more devices that comprise: (i) sensors, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and an emitter. The device ensemble may be disposed in a fixture of the facility, or may be attached to a fixture of the facility. The fixture may comprise a framing portion. The one or more building systems may comprise a tintable window. The tintable window may comprise an electrochromic window. At 1004, the functionality comprises accessing the cellular network of the facility with the mobile device via the subscriber profile. As noted in the previously-described embodiments, the subscriber profile may comprise and / or be associated with an eSIM, which may be associated with a particular connectivity profile (e.g., in a subscriber database and / or policy / billing system). Accessing the network may comprise installing the eSIM and confirming successful installation with the network.

[0085] In some embodiments, a controller receives inputs from various sources. For example, in some embodiments, the controller may receive inputs associated with cellular communications signals transmitted and / or received by one or more mobile devices within a facility, including a mobile device accessing a facility network via the methods described herein with respect to Figs. 3-10. The inputs associated with the cellular communications signals may indicate a strength of the signal, a current usage of cellular communication by the one or more mobile devices (e.g., an amount of data transferred over a previous time window), or the like. As another example, in some embodiments, the controller may receive inputs that indicate a current or predicted occupancy of one or more regions of the facility. In some embodiments, inputs may be from one or more sensors that indicate current occupancy information of one or more particular regions (e.g., wings, floors, rooms, offices, common areas, outside areas, and / or other regions) of the facility. Example types of sensor data that may be received by a controller include electromagnetic radiation data (e.g., data associated with electromagnetic radiation in a visual spectrum, in an infrared spectrum, a radio frequency spectrum, ultrawideband radiation, or any combination thereof), geolocation signals (e.g., GPS signals, ultrawideband signals (UWB), short-range wireless signals, Bluetooth signals (BLE), ultra-high frequency signals (UHF), and / or other geolocation related signals), heat signatures determined by an infrared sensor, and / or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, inputs may be from scheduling information associated with the facility. For example, the scheduling information may indicate planned events (e.g., meetings, parties, and / or other planned events) that will occur in particular regions of the facility. The scheduling information may indicate timing information associated with a planned event, a planned location,a number of expected people at the planned event, or other suitable event information. Inputs (e.g., sensor data, scheduling information, and / or any other inputs) may be received from a cloud, from a server, and / or directly provided to the controller (e.g., by a user).

[0086] In some embodiments, a user is locatable in the enclosure (e.g., facility such as a building). The user can be located using one or more sensors, e.g., operatively couped to the network. The user may carry a tag (e.g., ID tag). The tag may include geolocation technology (e.g., geolocation chip such as a microchip). The geolocation technology and / or tag may include radio frequency identification (e.g., RFID) technology (e.g., transceiver), Bluetooth technology, and / or Global Positional System (GPS) technology. The radio frequency may comprise ultrawide band radio frequency. The tag may be sensed by one or more sensors disposed in the enclosure. The sensor(s) may be disposed in a device ensemble (e.g., ensemble of targets). The device ensemble may comprise a sensor or an emitter. The sensor(s) may be operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled to the network. The network may have low latency communication, e.g., within the enclosure. The radio waves (e.g., emitted and / or sensed by the tag) may comprise wide band, or ultra-wideband radio signals. The radio waves may comprise pulse radio waves. The radio waves may comprise radio waves utilized in communication. The radio waves may be at a medium frequency of at least about 300 kilohertz (KHz), 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, or 2500 KHz. The radio waves may be at a medium frequency of at most about 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, 2500 KHz, or 3000 KHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 300 KHz to about 3000 KHz). The radio waves may be at a high frequency of at least about 3 megahertz (MHz), 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, or 25 MHz. The radio waves may be at a high frequency of at most about 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 25 MHz, or 30 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 3MHz to about 30 MHz). The radio waves may be at a very high frequency of at least about 30 Megahertz (MHz), 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, or 250 MHz. The radio waves may be at a very high frequency of at most about 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, 250 MHz, or 300 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 30MHz to about 300 MHz). The radio waves may be at an ultra-high frequency of at least about 300 kilohertz (MHz), 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, or 2500 MHz. The radio waves may be at an ultra-high frequency of at most about 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, 2500 MHz, or 3000 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 300MHz to about 3000 MHz). The radio waves may be at a super high frequency of at least about 3 gigahertz (GHz),5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, or 25 GHz. The radio waves may be at a super high frequency of at most about 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz, or 30 GHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 3 GHz to about 30 GHz).

[0087] In some embodiments, the identification tag of the occupant comprises a location device. The location device (also referred to herein as “locating device”) may compromise a radio emitter and / or receiver (e.g., a wide band, or ultra-wide band radio emitter and / or receiver). The locating device may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. The locating device may include a Bluetooth device. The locating device may include a radio wave transmitter and / or receiver. The radio waves may comprise wide band, or ultra- wideband radio signals. The radio waves may comprise pulse radio waves. The radio waves may comprise radio waves utilized in communication. The radio waves may be at a medium frequency of at least about 300 kilohertz (KHz), 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, or 2500 KHz. The radio waves may be at a medium frequency of at most about 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, 2500 KHz, or 3000 KHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 300KHz to about 3000 KHz). The radio waves may be at a high frequency of at least about 3 megahertz (MHz), 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, or 25 MHz. The radio waves may be at a high frequency of at most about 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 25 MHz, or 30 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 3MHz to about 30 MHz). The radio waves may be at a very high frequency of at least about 30 Megahertz (MHz), 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, or 250 MHz. The radio waves may be at a very high frequency of at most about 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, 250 MHz, or 300 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 30MHz to about 300 MHz). The radio waves may be at an ultra-high frequency of at least about 300 kilohertz (MHz), 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, or 2500 MHz. The radio waves may be at an ultra-high frequency of at most about 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, 2500 MHz, or 3000 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 300MHz to about 3000 MHz). The radio waves may be at a super high frequency of at least about 3 gigahertz (GHz), 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, or 25 GHz. The radio waves may be at a super high frequency of at most about 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz, or 30 GHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (e.g., from about 3GHz to about 30 GHz).

[0088] In some embodiments, a controller (e.g., as part of the control system) receives inputs from a server and / or from another controller, e.g., which predicts future occupancy information in one or more regions of a facility. In some embodiments, predictions may be generated using a neural network. For example, a neural network may take, as inputs, sensor data (e.g., that indicates occupancy information) and / or scheduling information, and may generate, as an output, a prediction of an occupancy level for a particular region of a building at a particular time or within a particular time window. An example prediction may be that a cafeteria region of the facility is likely to have a particular predicted occupancy (e.g., from about 50 - 100 people, from about 100 - 200 people, etc.) between 11 a.m. - 1 p.m. Another example prediction may be that an auditorium region of the facility is likely to have a particular predicted occupancy (e.g., from about 10 - 20 people, from about 20 - 30 people, etc.) on a particular day of the week at a particular time (e.g., time window, or time period), for example, a day and time corresponding to a weekly staff meeting. A neural network may generate predictions based at least in part on sensor data obtained over any suitable time period (e.g., a previous week, a previous month, a previous year, and / or any other time period). In some embodiments, the neural network may be updated based on newly obtained sensor data to generate updated occupancy predictions. The neural network may comprise a machine learning computational scheme. A neural network may be a deep neural network (e.g., a Convolutional Neural Network, a Recurrent Neural Network, a Long Short-Term Memory Network, or the like). In some embodiments, the neural network may be a classifier that generates a prediction that an occupancy of a particular region of a facility will fall within a particular occupancy range.

[0089] As previously noted, embodiments may grant a user temporary control of an optically switchable device (e.g., tintable window) and / or other device controlled by a building system located within a space in a facility. The grant of such temporary control can be used as a standalone means of access and / or to complement other types of access to building systems of the facility. Some facilities may have a wide variety of types of spaces and / or types of users, in which case various types of access may be provided to different types of users. A healthcare facility, for example, may have private offices that may be used by medical personnel, in which case users may set up accounts that may be given permission (e.g., by a building system administrator) to access building systems related to controlling optically switchable devices of their respective offices. For other types of spaces, such as patient rooms, shared office spaces, shared waiting areas, counseling rooms, religious spaces, laboratory areas (which may be used by facility staff and / or visiting researchers) and the like, there may be multiple users entering and exiting such spaces each day. (Similar shared-use spaces can be found in various other types of facilities, such asmultifamily residential buildings, airports, office spaces, etc.) For these latter types of spaces, it may be impractical for users to set up an account and for a building system administrator to add and remove permissions user accounts for controlling optically switchable devices in these spaces each time a user enters and exits a space. Further, it also may be impractical to require users to make a service call to building maintenance (or another administrator with the ability to control optically switchable devices in the space occupied by the user) to request a change the tint (and / or other aspect) of an optically switchable device to alter the condition of the space, due to the frequency by which such requests may be made. Such requests may be prompted any time a user may want a change in the lighting of the space. Thus, such requests may be prompted by a shift in outside weather, a user’s desire to sleep, take a video conference call, etc. As such, embodiments may utilize an “open” (or publicly / broadly accessible) account associated with the space for which users may be granted temporary control of certain aspects of one or more optically switchable devices associated with the space, without the need to set up a new user account, or change control permissions associated with an existing user account, for particular user. As described in more detail below, priority information may be associated with different accounts such that these temporary users may be allowed to override default settings and / or previous settings made by temporary users, while settings made by other users (e.g., administrators, staff, etc.) may have priority and / or override any settings made by temporary users.

[0090] Fig. 11 is a simplified diagram of components of an environment 1100 capable of granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, according to some embodiments. Here, components include a user device 1110, an application backend 1120, a building control system server 1130, a controller 1140, and one or more optically switchable devices 1150. Communication links are illustrated by arrows. And, although not illustrated, such communication links may include intermediary devices, routers, etc. Further, although various components are illustrated as being connected via the Internet 1160, it can be noted that alternative embodiments may include additional or alternative networks (e.g., facility network 310 and / or cellular network facility network 315, as shown in Fig. 3) and / or additional or alternative connections between components. (As an example, arrow 1170 in Fig. 11 shows how according to some embodiments, the controller 1140 of the optically switchable device(s) 1150 may be connected with the Internet 1160.) Alternative embodiments may duplicate, combine, separate, or rearrange components, or any combination thereof, to provide substantially similar functionality as described herein. Further, it will be understood that multiple user devices 1110 may be connected at once to the backend system 1120 and building control system server 1130, to control respective optically switchable device(s) 1150, which may be connected to respective controllers 1140 within a facility.

[0091] As previously noted, the user device 1110 may comprise, for example, a smart phone, tablet, or other mobile electronic device. In some embodiments, other device types including stationary devices such as computers, terminals, etc. may be used. The user device 11 10 may be provided Internet connectivity via a facility network (e.g., WLAN), cellular network (e.g., 4G network, 5G network, etc.), and / or other means. In some embodiments, the user device 1110 may be connected to the Internet via the mobile device activation processes described above. As described in more detail hereafter, the user device may be provided a link (e.g., URL) to access the web application hosted by the application backend 1120 via a browser, client, or other application.

[0092] The application backend 1120 may comprise a service that provides a web application accessible, to the user device 1110, to receive user input and provide corresponding commands to the building control system server 1130. The application backend 1120 may comprise a cloud- based service comprising one or more virtual or physical servers. According to some embodiments, the application backend 1120 may maintain an open socket TCP / IP connection with the building control system server 1130 at least for the duration of the period for which the user is granted temporary control. As described in more detail hereafter, an HTTP request used by the user device 1110 (e.g., using the provided link) to access the web application hosted by the application backend 1120 may correspond with and / or be indicative of the space in the facility for which the user is to be given temporary control. Put differently, the request made by the user device 1110 may be indicative of the particular optically switchable device(s) 1150 by including an identifier of the switchable device(s) and / or corresponding zone or space, an identifier of an account associated with the switchable device(s) and / or corresponding zone or space, or the like. According to some embodiments, the user interface provided by the web application hosted by the application backend 1120 may reflect the particular controls granted to a user for the optically switchable device(s) 1150. Depending on the desired implementation, the user device 1110 may poll the application backend 1120 to receive updates at a particular interval rate (e.g., five seconds, 10 seconds, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, a web socket may be established between the user device 1110 and the application backend 1120, in which case the UI may be updated more immediately.

[0093] The building control system server 1130 may comprise a virtual and / or physical server in the cloud and / or at the facility in which the optically switchable device(s) 1 150 are located. In some embodiments, server 1130 may be a control panel provided herein, such as control panel 207; the server 1130 may also have some or all of the components and some or all of the capabilities of control panel 207. According to some embodiments, the building control system server 1130 may comprise a proxy server connecting one or more building control systems of thefacility to the Internet 1160. Thus, the building control system server 1130 can provide a way in which the optically switchable device(s) 1150 may be accessed and controlled (using controller 1140) via the Internet 1160.

[0094] Controller 1140 may comprise a controller, a panel, or other controlling device as described herein used to control the behavior of the optically switchable device(s) 1150; in some implementations controller 1140 is a window controller described herein capable of controlling one or more optically switchable devices 1150, including issuing commands to controller 1140 for controlling the optically switchable devices 1150. As previously noted, a facility may comprise multiple controllers 1140, and each controller 1140 may provide control of one or more groups of optically switchable device(s) 1150, which may correspond with one or more zones or spaces. Depending on desired functionality, for instances in which the optically switchable device(s) 1150 comprise a plurality of optically switchable devices, the controller 1140 may provide control the behavior of the plurality of optically switchable devices collectively and / or individually.

[0095] Temporary control of the optically switchable device(s) 1150 may vary, depending on desired functionality, the type of space in which the optically switchable device(s) 1150 are located, and / or other factors. Controls may include, for example, setting a tint level, duration, schedule, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, additional controls may include control of an actuator to open or close windows, in which case users may be granted a level or degree to which windows may be open / closed, a duration, schedule, or any combination thereof. As noted, alternative embodiments may enable control of additional or alternative types of devices that may control additional or alternative environmental conditions for a space within a facility (e.g., heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, etc.). In such embodiments, controls may be specific to the various types of devices.

[0096] As previously noted, the length of the temporary control granted to the user may vary (e.g., a predetermined length of minutes, hours, days, etc.) and depend on the type of space in which the optically switchable device(s) are located. An example process by which temporary control of one or more optically switchable devices is described below with respect to Fig. 12.

[0097] Fig. 12 is a flow diagram 1200 of an example method for granting a user temporary control of one or more optically switchable devices, according to an embodiment. Here, the one or more optically switchable devices comprise insulating glass units (IGUs), which are described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0098] At block 1210, the functionality comprises associating a QR code with a building (e.g., facility) and the zone for control. This association may be performed, for example, by a managing entity (e.g., building administrator, building system vendor, etc.). As previously noted, the QRcode may comprise a link to a web application (e.g., hosted by application backend 1120) to control the IGU(s), where the link is specific to a particular zone (or space) within the building in which the IGU(s) are located. Although “QR code” is used with respect to this Figure 12, some embodiments may use other URLs may be used, such as a bar code or RFID tag. As previously noted, according to some embodiments, an “open” account may be created specific to the zone and provided with certain permissions for temporarily controlling the IGU(s) of the zone, thereby allowing a user to use the QR code to access the open account rather than setting up a new account specific to the particular user.

[0099] When associating the QR code with the building and zone, a managing entity also can set limits for controlling the corresponding IGU(s) of the zone. This can include, for example, setting the duration of the temporary control, as well as providing permissions to a user using the QR code to access the web application for controlling the IGU(s). These permissions can enable a user to control of various aspects of the IGU(s) (e.g., tint, duration, schedule, etc.) during the duration of the temporary control, and may further specify particular values for these various aspects (e.g., specific schedules, durations, tint levels, etc.). QR codes for different zones may be associated with different permissions, depending on the type of space corresponding to the zone, a type of user, and / or other factors. A zone corresponding to a temporary waiting room, for example, may only grant a user permission to control window tint during a relatively short period of time (e.g., 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, etc.). The zone corresponding to a laboratory may grant a user permission to control window tint duration, schedule, etc. for a relatively longer period of time (e.g., hours, days, etc.).

[0100] At block 1220, the functionality comprises providing the QR code in the respective space to enable a user to scan the QR code to gain temporary control of the respective IGU(s). As also indicated in block 1220, the QR code may be provided in the space on a non-digital medium (e.g., a paper, sign, etc.). This may be reflective of embodiments in which a single, unchanging QR code is associated with IGU(s) of the particular space. That said, alternative embodiments may allow for a QR code (or barcode or other visual indicator) to be provided via a display or other digital means. Moreover, alternative embodiments may employ the use of hyperlinks (e.g., on a website, email, etc.) in addition or as an alternative to a QR code, which may provide the user device with the URL for accessing the web application for control of TGU(s) of the particular space.

[0101] At block 1230, the functionality comprises scanning the QR code with the mobile device. This functionality may be performed by a user using a user device such as the user device 1110 of Fig. 11 , described above. As previously noted, this QR code may then prompt the user device to a corresponding URL to make a request (e.g., HTTP request) to an application backend (e.g.,application backend 1120 of Fig. 11, described above) to access a web application for control of the IGU(s) of the space. As also noted, to identify the respective IGU(s) for which control is requested, the URL may comprise information indicative of the space, the IGU(s), a zone corresponding to the IGU(s), or any combination thereof.

[0102] At block 1240, the functionality comprises providing a user interface (UI) to the user device. This functionality may be performed by the application backend (e.g., application backend 1120 of Fig. 11, described above). This UI may be provided via the web application accessible to the user device (e.g., via a browser, client, or other application) using the QR code. As further shown in block 1240, the UI may display a current tint state for the IGU(s) and may further provide control of the IGU(s) (e.g., tint, duration, etc.). Again, the controls provided may reflect predetermined permissions associated with the QR code.

[0103] At block 1250, the functionality comprises, in response to receiving a tint input, authenticating a user. This functionality may be performed by the application backend (e.g., application backend 1120 of Fig. 11, described above). User authentication may be performed to help prevent a user from controlling the IGU(s) after the duration of temporary control has elapsed and the user is no longer in the space. Depending on desired functionality, user authentication may occur once during the duration of temporary control (e.g., when the user first accesses the web application, or provide a first input) or may occur more frequently (e.g., with every user input received to control the IGU(s)). As indicated in block 1250, authentication may comprise sending a code (e.g., via SMS message, email, etc.) to the user device. In such embodiments, the UI may allow the user to input contact information (e.g., a phone number, email address, etc.) for authentication. Additionally or alternatively, authentication may include location verification. This may comprise receiving a location of the user device (e.g., absolute or relative coordinates, civic location, etc.) provided by the user device and / or third-party (e.g., a network to which the user device is communicatively connected). Authentication may comprise verifying that the location of the user device is within the space and / or within a threshold distance of the space.

[0104] At block 1260, the functionality includes optionally timing out after a predetermined duration of time. This functionality may be performed by the application backend (e.g., application backend 1120 of Fig. 11, described above). This predetermined duration of time ( / ) may define the duration of time during which the user is granted temporary control of the IGU(s). After timing out, the web application may require the user device to refresh its connection with the web application (e.g., by a user refreshing the browser or re-scanning the QR code), and optionally re- authenticating the user.

[0105] At block 1270, the functionality comprises sending the desired tint level (received by user input at block 1250) to the building control system server to control the IGU(s) in the zone by setting the IGU(s) to the desired tint level. This functionality may be performed by the application backend (e.g., application backend 1120 of Fig. 11, described above). This may override an existing tint level, which may comprise a default tint level or may have been set by the previous user.

[0106] Depending on desired functionality, priority levels may be used to determine whether to perform the functionality at block 1270. That is, if the state of the IGU(s) have been set by a different user having a higher priority, the functionality at block 1270 may not be performed. For example, in a hospital, a patient may use a QR code to adjust to the tint levels of IGU(s) in a recovery room. The QR code may be associated with an “open” account for the recovery room which may have a low priority. However, a nurse also may adjust the tint levels of IGU(s) in the recovery room using a user account associated with the nurse, which may have a higher priority than the open account. In such instances, the nurse may be able to override tint settings set by the patient, but the patient may not be able to override settings set by the nurse. Depending on desired functionality, after a certain period of time, settings may revert to a default schedule, and a patient may be able to override tint settings of the default schedule. According to some embodiments, a user that uses the QR code to set tint levels of IGU(s) in a space may override previous settings set using the same QR code. Some embodiments may employ multiple QR codes for the same space (e.g., a first QR code for the public and a second QR code for staff), in which case different QR codes may have different associated priority levels. In some embodiments, priority levels may not be used, in which case a user with temporary control may override any previous setting.

[0107] At block 1280, the functionality comprises receiving the desired tint level and causing the IGU(s) in the zone to tend to the desired tint level. This functionality may be performed by the building control system server and controller (e.g., building control system server 1130 and controller 1140 of Fig. 11, described above). Once performed, or if unsuccessful, a result (e.g., indication of success or failure) can be provided from the building control system server to the application backend, which may show the result to the user via the UI.

[0108] During the duration of temporary control (time t), a user may provide additional input and the functionality at block 1240-1290 may be repeated. Depending on desired functionality, after this duration, settings made by the user may revert to default settings, or may continue until changed by another user.

[0109] According to some embodiments, user may be able to insert a password into the UI to access certain functionality that may not be available to other users. For example, users without apassword may not have access to control certain optically switchable devices, or may have only limited access (e.g., control only during certain times / days, limited control of tint or other aspects, etc.). Users with passwords (e.g., unique codes) may be given control with fewer limitations. This may enable a building manager or service provider to provide certain users (e.g., paying users or other users that may need additional control) with more control than typical users. These passwords may still enable control without the setup of user-specific accounts, and they may expire after a certain amount of time, depending on desired functionality.

[0110] Fig. 13 is method 1300 of granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, according to an embodiment. Aspects of the method 1300 may correspond to with the method illustrated in Fig. 12, discussed above. Further, the functionality of some or all of the blocks illustrated in method 1300 may be performed by one or more components of the environment 1100 of Fig. 11. And, in particular, the application backend 1 120. Components of a computer system capable of implementing an application backend, and therefore some or all of the aspects of method 1300, as illustrated in Fig. 19, described below.

[0111] The functionality at block 1310 comprises receiving from a user device, a request for controlling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device. According to some embodiments, the optically switchable device comprises a tintable window. In such embodiments, the tintable window may comprise an electrochromic window. As previously noted, according to some embodiments, the request may comprise an HTTP request from a browser of the user device. This request may be initiated when a user scans a QR code or other indicator, which may be located in the space of the facility. As such, some embodiments may comprise providing an indicator to cause the user device to make the request to control the optically switchable device. In such embodiments, the indicator may comprise a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) link, a Quick Response (QR) code, a bar code, or RFID tag. For embodiments in which the indicator comprises the QR code, the method may further comprise providing the QR code within the space in the facility. According to some embodiments, the QR code is provided in a non-digital medium.

[0112] The functionality at block 1320 comprises a series of operations, shown at blocks 1322- 1326, that are responsive to receiving the request. The functionality at block 1322 comprises obtaining a first state comprising a current state of the optically switchable device; the functionality at block 1324 comprises obtaining, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control; and the functionality at block 1326 comprises providing a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface:indicates the first state of the optically switchable device and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. As noted previously, embodiments may enable the managing entity to associate a QR code (or other indicator) with the space and / or optically switchable device, and may also provide permissions or otherwise grant access to the optically switchable device. As such, some embodiments may comprise associating the indicator with the optically switchable device. In such embodiments, associating the indicator with the optically switchable device may comprise associating the indicator with the facility, a zone of the optically switchable device, or both. Some embodiments may comprise, prior to receiving the request, receiving input from a managing entity, wherein the input from the managing entity is used to establish the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control. These aspects of the optically switchable device may comprise, for example, a tint level, a brightness level, a physical position, a duration of time to remain in a state, a schedule, or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the physical position of the optically switchable device may be determined by a position of a window or door in which the optically switchable device is located. Some embodiments may enable a user to change the physical position of the window or door (e.g., using actuators or servos).

[0113] The functionality at block 1330 comprises receiving, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. A simple example of this may comprise changing the tint state of a tintable window from dark to light or from one setting to another. That said, implementations may include additional or alternative aspects and / or settings.

[0114] The functionality at block 1340 comprises sending a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state. As described above, this may be performed by the backend, which may send the command to a building control system server, which may then relay and / or translate the command to a corresponding controller for the optically switchable device.

[0115] As noted in the embodiments described herein, a determination of whether the user is authorized to perform the command may be made. According to some embodiments, this may occur prior to sending the command at block 1340. Some embodiments, for example, may comprise, prior to sending the command to the controller, determining whether a priority associated with the user input is equal to or higher than a priority associated with the first state of the optically switchable device. In such embodiments, sending the command to the controller may be responsive to a determination that the priority associated with the user input is equal to or higherthan the priority associated with the first state of the optically switchable device. Some embodiments may comprise, prior to sending the command to the controller, determining whether a user associated with the user device is authorized to adjust the at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device. As noted herein, determining whether the user is authorized may comprise obtaining a password or code from the user device. According to some embodiments, obtaining the password or code from the user device may comprise obtaining the password or code in the request or via the user interface.

[0116] As also described herein, embodiments may perform authentication of the user device. According to some embodiments, this may occur prior to sending the command at block 1340. For example, some embodiments may comprise, prior to sending the command to the controller, authenticating the user device. In such embodiments, authenticating the user device may comprise sending a code to an email address or phone number and receiving the code via the user interface. Additionally or alternatively, authenticating the user device may comprise determining a location of the user device to be within the space in the facility or within a threshold distance of the facility. Some embodiments may comprise obtaining the location of the user device from the user device, from a wireless communication network at the facility, from another user device positioning source, or a combination thereof. Another user device positioning source may comprise an entity separate from the entity, capable of positioning the user device. This may include a wireless network such as a cellular or Wi-Fi network. According to some embodiments, authenticating the user device may comprise determining the user device is communicatively connected with a wireless communication network at the facility. This latter type of authorization may help ensure the user devices within at least wireless range of the wireless communication (e.g., a WLAN / Wi- Fi network) of the facility. Some embodiments may comprise, subsequent to authenticating the user device, requiring reauthentication after a threshold amount of time has passed since authenticating the user device, prior to sending a subsequent command to the controller.

[0117] The functionality at block 1350 comprises receiving an indication that the change was successful. This indication may be generated by the controller (or optically switchable device) and may be relayed to the application backend via the building control system server, for example. The functionality at block 1360 may then be performed, in which the user interface his updated to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

[0118] As described above, embodiments may include one or more of the following features, depending on desired functionality. For example, according to some embodiments, the optically switchable device is part of a zone or zone group associated with the space in the facility. In such embodiments, receiving the user input to change the first state of the optically switchable devicemay comprise receiving user input to change a first state of a plurality of optically switchable devices in the zone or zone group. Additionally or alternatively, providing the user interface a comprise providing a webpage accessible via a web browser executed by the user device. This webpage may comprise, for example, a web application executed by an application backend, as described herein.

[0119] As noted herein, access granted to a user may be temporary, based on a predetermined period of time. The duration of that time period may be set (e.g., by a managing entity) based on the type of space in which the optically switchable device is located. As such, and as previously noted, embodiments may include, subsequent to receiving the indication that the change was successful, automatically reverting to the first state or a default state after a threshold amount of time has passed. Additionally or alternatively, embodiments may comprise automatically causing a communication link between the user device and a server receiving the request to timeout after a threshold amount of time has passed since (i) the communication link was established, or (ii) an authentication of the user device was performed by the server.

[0120] Fig. 14 shows an example of a schematic diagram 1400 of information sources for a controller. In the example shown in Fig. 14, one or more controller(s) 1402 receives sensor and / or scheduling data 1401. The one or more controller(s) 1402 may be local controllers (e.g., local to the facility, coupled to a local network of the facility, or other local controllers). In some embodiments, the one or more controller(s) 1402 may have a cloud component. The sensor and / or scheduling data 1401 may be received from a cloud, from a server, and / or may be directly provided to controller(s) 1402.

[0121] In some embodiments, data is analyzed by an artificial intelligence learning module. The data can be sensor data, schedule data, and / or user input. The learning module may comprise at least one rational decision making process, and / or learning that utilizes the data (e.g., as a learning set). The analysis of the data may be utilized to adjust and environment, e.g., by adjusting one or more components that affect the environment of the enclosure. The analysis of the data may be utilized to control a certain target apparatus, e.g., to produce a product, according to user preferences, and / or choose the certain target apparatus (e.g., based on user preference and / or user location). The data analysis may be performed by a machine based system (e.g., comprising a circuitry). The circuitry may he of a processor. The sensor data analysis may utilize artificial intelligence. The data analysis may rely on one or more models (e.g., mathematical models). In some embodiments, the data analysis comprises linear regression, least squares fit, Gaussian process regression, kernel regression, nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR), regression trees, local regression, semiparametric regression, isotonic regression, multivariateadaptive regression splines (MARS), logistic regression, robust regression, polynomial regression, stepwise regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, elasticnet regression, principal component analysis (PCA), singular value decomposition, fuzzy measure theory, Borel measure, Han measure, risk-neutral measure, Lebesgue measure, group method of data handling (GMDH), Naive Bayes classifiers, k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN), support vector machines (SVMs), neural networks, support vector machines, classification and regression trees (CART), random forest, gradient boosting, or generalized linear model (GLM) technique. The data analysis may include a deep learning algorithm and / or artificial neural networks (ANN). The data analysis may comprise a learning schemes with a plurality of layers in the network (e.g., ANN). The learning of the learning module may be supervised, semi-supervised, or unsupervised. The deep learning architecture may comprise deep neural networks, deep belief networks, recurrent neural networks, or convolutional neural networks. The learning schemes may be ones utilized in computer vision, machine vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, audio recognition, social network filtering, machine translation, bioinformatics, drug design, medical image analysis, material inspection programs, and / or board game programs.

[0122] In some embodiments, a controller (e.g., a small cell controller) associated with a facility determines a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. The controller may determine the configuration based on signal information (e.g., current signal strength information, current cellular communication network usage information, and / or any other signal information), current occupancy information, predicted occupancy information, and / or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, signal strength information may be predicted based at least in part on factors such as a building shape, locations of antennas with respect to locations of mobile devices, building construction material, or the like. For example, a relatively weak signal strength may be predicted in instances in which a mobile device is relatively far from one or more antennas, in instances in which a mobile device is in a region of the facility that has a particular type of wall that blocks radio frequency (RF) signals, and / or any combination thereof.

[0123] In some embodiments, current and / or predicted occupancy information is used to determine a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. For example, a configuration may be determined that allocates two or more small cell devices to a single RAU associated with a particular floor or region of the facility, e.g., in response to receiving input information that indicates more than a predetermined occupancy (e.g., current and / or predicted occupancy) in the particular floor or region of the facility associated with the single RAU. The predetermined occupancy may be a number of people (e.g., a measured orpredicted number of people), a relative occupancy increases relative to normal or typical occupancy (e.g., a 10% increase, a 20% increase, and / or any other suitable increase), and / or any other suitable occupancy metric. The increase may be measured in percentages or in headcount. As another example, a configuration may be determined that allocates one small cell device to one or more RAUs associated with particular floors or regions of the facility in response to receiving input information that indicates less than a predetermined occupancy (e.g., current and / or predicted occupancy) in the particular floors or regions of the facility associated with the one or more RAUs.

[0124] In some embodiments, a configuration is based at least in part on capacities of one or more small cell devices. For example, a configuration may be determined based at least in part on a flex or reserve capacity of a small cell device. A flex or reserve capacity of a small cell device may indicate a capacity headroom of the small cell device beyond typical (e.g., average) usage of the small cell device. For example, a configuration may be determined such that a small cell device is to route signals to and from a plurality of RAUs, where a number of RAUs in the plurality of RAUs is determined based at least in part on the flex or reserve capacity (e.g., such that the number of RAUs does not cause the small cell device to exceed its capacity). Capacity of a small cell device may be determined based at least in part on a bandwidth of the small cell device. A bandwidth of a small cell device may indicate a number of devices (e.g., mobile devices or UEs) the small cell device can support.

[0125] In some embodiments, a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell device(s) of a facility and one or more RAUs associated with the facility is based at least in part on usage information associated with the facility. The usage information may comprise occupancy information in the facility. The occupancy information may comprise current occupancy information associated with the facility and / or predicted occupancy information associated with the facility. Occupancy information may be determined based at least in part on sensor data, scheduling information, outputs of one or more machine learning models, and / or any combination thereof. The sensor data may be obtained by occupancy sensors. The occupancy sensors may comprise visible sensors (e.g., camera), IR sensors (e.g., IR camera), geolocation sensors, identification tags, sound sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, VOC sensors, oxygen sensors, particulate matter sensors, or humidity sensors. At times, sensor data may be analyzed (e.g., integrated), and the analysis of the sensor data may provide occupancy determination and / or prediction. The analysis may be directed and / or performed by the controller(s). The analysis may be performed by processors operatively coupled to the controller(s) (e.g., as part of the control system of the facility). The sensors may be couped to the network of the facility. At least one ofthe sensors may be disposed internally in the facility (e.g., in the building). At least one of the sensors may be disposed externally to the facility (e.g., outside the building).

[0126] In some embodiments, current occupancy information indicates a number of people (personnel) at particular locations or regions of a facility at a present time. Examples of current occupancy information include X people currently in the cafeteria, Y people currently on the 10thfloor, Z people currently on the outside patio, etc., where X, Y and Z are integers. In some embodiments, current occupancy information may be determined based at least in part on sensor data. Examples of sensor data that may be used to determine current occupancy information include sensor data from shortrange wireless beacon devices (e.g., ID tags), RF sensing data, geolocation data (e.g., GPS data, or other positioning data), data from ultrawideband tags or beacons, infrared data (e.g., that indicate presence of a person in a particular region), data from one or more camera devices, and / or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, current occupancy information may be estimated. Current occupancy information may be estimated based at least in part on sensor data, scheduling information, or any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, current occupancy information may be estimated based at least in part on scheduling information (e.g., based at least in part on a calendared event that is associated with a particular number of invitees) and adjusted based at least in part on sensor data.

[0127] In some embodiments, predicted occupancy information indicates a number of people (personnel) at particular locations or regions of a facility at a future time. In some embodiments, predicted occupancy information may be for a specific future date and / or time, such as for a date and / or time at which an event has been scheduled (e.g., as indicated in one or more calendars associated with the facility). In some embodiments, predicted occupancy information may be for a recurring day of the week, day of the month, or the like. For example, predicted occupancy information may indicate an estimation of X people in an auditorium region of a facility at a day of the week and time of day corresponding to a weekly meeting, an estimation of Y people in an entryway of a facility on weekdays at times of day corresponding to a typical work start time or end time, or the like. In some embodiments, predicted occupancy information may be determined using a trained machine learning model (e.g., using Al). For example, the trained machine learning model may generate outputs that indicated predicted occupancies at particular days and / or times of day. In one example, the trained machine learning model may predict occupancy information for particular recurring days of the week, days of the month, times of day, etc. In other example, the trained machine learning model may identify occupancy information at particular times that correspond to a start time and / or end time of a typical workday. As another example, the trained machine learning model may identify occupancy information that indicates that people tend togather on Friday evenings in a particular region. A trained machine learning model may take sensor data, scheduling information, or any combination thereof as inputs (e.g., as a learning set). The learning set may comprise historical occupancy data, e.g., obtained by any of the occupancy means described herein. A machine learning model may be retrained, for example, once per week, once per month, and / or at any other timepoints. The machine learning model may be trained (or retrained) in real time and / or in times of low occupancy in the facility (e.g., during the night or work hours for a home; during off work hours, weekend, and holidays for a workplace; during weekdays for a recreational center or for a shopping mall).

[0128] Fig. 15 shows an example a schematic diagram 1500 of an example of a system for routing signals. In the example shown in Fig. 15, a headend router 1502 routes signals between a macro cell 1504 and RAUs 1508. Each RAU of RAUs 1508 is communicatively coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., a DAS). For example, RAU 1510 is communicatively coupled to antennas 1512. Each RAU may be associated with a coverage area (e.g., a part of, or an entire, floor of a building). Macro cell 1513 and small cell devices 1514 are communicatively coupled to a cellular network 1516. Cellular network 1516 provides a connection between macro cell 1504 and Internet 1528. PDN GW 1518 acts as an interface between the cellular network 1516 and other packet data networks, such as Internet 1528 and / or Session Initiation Protocol (SlP)-based IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) networks.

[0129] A small cell controller 1530 determines a configuration for headend router 1502 to route signals between small cell devices 1514 and RAUs 1508. The small cell controller 1530 can be part of control system, e.g., as disclosed herein. Small cell controller 1530 provides a control signal 1532 to headend router 1502. The control signal 1532 may indicate the configuration for headend router 1502 to route signals between small cell devices 1514 and RAUs 1508. Small cell controller 1530 determines the configuration based at least in part on input data 1534. Input data 1534 may be obtained from one or more servers or control systems associated with the building. Switch 1536 connects network 1516 to small cell controller 1530. Switch 1536 operatively couples to network 1516 to a network of the facility (e.g., a local network of a building). Operatively coupling may comprise communication and / or power coupling.

[0130] In some embodiments, the cellular network 1516 may comprise a 5G network. In such embodiments, headend router 1502 may optionally receive a 5G signal from a macro gNodeB (gNB) cell. A cellular network 1516 comprising a 5G network may include a Session Management Function (SMF), a User Plane Function (UPF), and an Access and Mobility Function (AMF). A cellular network 1516 comprising a 5G network may provide a connection between small cell devices 1514 and Internet 1528. An SMF may be responsible for interacting a decoupled dataplane, creating, updating, and / or removing Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions, managing session context with a UPF, allocating IP addresses of User Equipment (UE) devices, any combination thereof, or other functions. A UPF may be responsible for (1) packet routing and / or forwarding, (2) packet buffering for UEs in an idle mode, (3) any combination thereof, or (4) other functions. An AMF may be responsible for handling connection and / or mobility management tasks.

[0131] In some embodiments, the cellular network 1516 may comprise a 4G network. In such embodiments, the cellular network 1516 comprising the 4G network may include a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (GW), a serving GW, and / or a mobility management entity (MME). A serving GW may perform various functions, such as (i) routing and forwarding user plane data packets, (ii) serving as a mobility anchor point during handovers between the 4G core network and other core networks (e.g., a 2G network, a 3G network, and / or other networks) in the user plane, (iii) buffering downlink data packets for UEs in an idle mode, and / or (iv) any combination thereof. An MME may perform various functions, such as (I) selecting PDN gateways and / or serving GWs, (II) authenticating a user (e.g., by interacting with a Home Subscriber Server), (III) paging and tagging UEs in idle mode, (IV) providing control plane mobility between the 4G core network and other core networks (e.g., a 2G network, a 3G network, and / or other networks), and / or (V) any combination thereof.

[0132] In some embodiments, at least one small cell controller (e.g., as part of a control system) dynamically adjusts the coverage areas of one or more small cell devices in a facility (e.g., comprising a building). The coverage area of at least one (e.g., each) small cell device may be changed to different locations and coverage ranges throughout the facility, e.g., based at least in part on actual and / or predicted usage needs. For example, a small cell device that currently serves a particular coverage area on the first floor of a building may be reassigned to serve a coverage area on the sixth floor of the building. For example, a small cell device that currently serves a first building of a facility may be reassigned to serve a coverage area on a second building of the facility. A plurality of coverage areas currently served by a plurality of small cell devices may be reassigned to be served by a single small cell device. A single coverage area currently served by a single small cell device may be reassigned to be served by a plurality of small cell devices (e.g., having a contacting or an overlapping range). In some embodiments, the ability of the small cell controller(s) to dynamically adjust the coverage areas of a small cell device promotes efficient use of the capacity of the small cell device through flexible allocation.

[0133] In some embodiments, the small cell controller(s) adjusts coverage areas of one or more small cell devices. The small cell controller(s) may adjust the coverage areas of one or more small cell devices by changing the routing of signals between one or more small cell devices and one ormore Radio Access Units (RAUs) associated with the facility. The RAUs may be geographically dispersed in the facility (e.g., having a plurality of enclosures). An RAU may be communicatively coupled to one or more antennas. The one or more antennas may collectively function as a distributed antenna system (DAS). The one or more antennas may correspond to a particular coverage area. For example, an RAU may serve a dedicated region of a facility. For example, a particular RAU may be placed on a particular floor of a building, in a particular wing of a building, in a particular building of the facility, or any combination thereof. By changing the routing of signals between small cell devices and RAUs, the small cell controller can enlarge, reduce, relocate, and / or otherwise change the coverage area of at least one (e.g., each) small cell device, thereby modifying how small cell capacity is deployed throughout the facility.

[0134] In some embodiments, signals are routed between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. The signals being routed between a small cell device and an RAU comprise upstream and downstream cellular communication signals along the path between a User Equipment device (UE) and a network, such as a cellular communication core network (e.g., a 5G core network). The network may be configured to transmit and / or receive data according to at least a second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), or fifth generation (5G) cellular communication protocol. The network may provide a connection to the Internet. Communications between the network and a UE may be bidirectional or monodirectional. For example, communications between the network and a UE may be bidirectional, including downstream data (e.g., from the core network to a UE) and upstream data (e.g., from a UE to the core network). Along this path, the signals routed between small cell devices(s) and the RAU(s) may be analog signals or digital signals. In instances in which the signals comprise analog signals, the signals may comprise baseband signals or intermediate frequency (IF) signals. For example, in the downstream direction, a small cell device may modulate downstream data (e.g., bits representing network traffic, audio signals, and / or other data) from the network and modulate the downstream data into a downstream baseband or IF signal, which is routed to an RAU. The RAU may upconvert the downstream baseband or IF signal to a radio frequency (RF) frequency for transmission to UEs within a particular coverage area. In the upstream direction, a UE may transmit an RF frequency signal that is received by an RAU. The RAU may down-convert the RF signal to an upstream baseband or IF signal, which may be routed to a small cell device. The small cell device may demodulate the upstream baseband, or IF signal, into upstream data (e.g., bits representing network traffic, audio signals, and / or other data), and send the upstream data to the core network. In instances in which the signals routed between small cell device(s) and the RAU(s) are digital signals, the RAU(s) may receive digital signals (e.g., digitized representations ofdownstream signals from a cellular core communication core network). The RAU(s) may upsample and / or up-convert the digital signals to an RF frequency signal. An RAU may then cause one or more antennas (e.g., a DAS) to transmit the RF frequency signal. In the downstream direction, the RAU may down-convert a received RF signal. The RAU may down-sample the down-converted RF signal. The down-converted RF signal may be transmitted to one or more small cell devices as a digitized representation of the received RF signal.

[0135] In some embodiments, the small cell device(s) and the RAU(s) are operatively coupled to a router. The router (e.g., a headend router) may provide a physical switching capability for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs associated with the facility. The physical switching capability may be provided according to a programmable routing configuration. The programmable routing configuration may be dynamically altered, e.g., in real time. The programmable routing configuration may be pre-programmed. A small cell controller may provide the routing configuration and, e.g., thereby control the router. The small cell controller may determine the configuration based at least in part on input data. The input data may be received though the network. For example, the input data may be received from a control system, from sensor(s) and / or from server associated with a facility. The control system may include, or be separate from, the small cell controller. In some embodiments, a control system configured to control the facility includes the small cell controller.

[0136] In certain embodiments, a building network infrastructure has a vertical data plane (between building floors) and a horizontal data plane (all within a single floor or multiple (e.g., contiguous) floors). In some cases, the horizontal and vertical data planes have at least one (e.g., all) data carrying capabilities and / or components that is (e.g., substantially) the same or similar data. In other cases, these two data planes have at least one (e.g., all) different data carrying capabilities and / or components. For example, the vertical data plane may contain one or more components for fast data transmission rates and / or bandwidths. In one example, the vertical data plane contains components that support at least about 10 Gigabit / second (Gbit / s) or faster (e.g., Ethernet) data transmissions (e.g., using a first type of wiring (e.g., UTP wires and / or fiber optic cables)), while the horizontal data plane contains components that support at most about 8 Gbit / s, 5 Gbit / s, or 1 Gbit / s (e.g., Ethernet) data transmissions, e.g., via a second type of wiring (e.g., coaxial cable). In some cases, the horizontal data plane supports data transmission via G.hn or Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) standards (e.g., MoCA 2.5 or MoCA 3.0). In some embodiments, G.hn is a specification for local (e.g., facility such as home) networking. The G.hn specification may facilitate operation over four types of wires comprising telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines, or plastic optical fiber. A G.hn semiconductor device may beable to network over any of the supported wire types in the facility (e.g., lowering installation and / or deployment costs). In some embodiments, MoCA publishes standard specifications for networking (e.g., Ethernet link) over coaxial cables. In certain embodiments, connections between floors on the vertical data plane employ control panels with high speed (e.g., Ethernet) switches that pair communication between the horizontal and vertical data planes and / or between the different types of wiring. These control panels can communicate with (e.g., IP) addressable nodes (e.g., devices) on a given floor via the communication (e.g., G.hn or MoCA) interface and associated wiring (e.g., coaxial cables, twisted cables, and / or optical cables) on the horizontal data plane. Horizontal and vertical data planes in a single building structure are depicted in Fig. 1.

[0137] In some embodiments, a small cell controller transmits a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices associated with a facility (e.g., a building) and one or more RAUs associated with the facility. The small cell controller may determine the configuration, e.g., based at least in part on current and / or predicted (e.g., future) usage of the small cell devices by one or more mobile devices in the facility.

[0138] In some embodiments, the headend router receives the configuration from the controller(s) (e.g., from the small cell controller). The controller can be part of the control system, e.g., as disclosed herein. The headend router may route downstream signals based at least in part on the configuration. For example, a small cell device of the one or more small cell devices may receive downstream data (e.g., bits representing network traffic, audio signals, and / or other data) from a network (e.g., a 4G network, a 5G network, or other network). The small cell device is communicatively coupled to the network. The downstream data may be for a particular UE (e.g., mobile device) in the facility. Downstream signals transmitted from one or more small cell devices to one or more RAUs may be analog signals or digital signals. In an instance in which the signals are analog signals, in response to receiving the downstream data, the small cell device may modulate the downstream data into a downstream signal (e.g., baseband or intermediate frequency (IF) signal). In an instance in which the downstream signals are digital signals, the small cell device may transmit a digitized representation of the received downstream signal. For example, the digitized representation may comprise the received downstream signal sampled at a particular sampling rate (e.g., at least about the Nyquist frequency). The small cell device may transmit the downstream signal to the headend router. The headend router may manipulate one or more downstream signals, including the downstream signal received from the small cell device. Manipulation of the downstream signals may be programmable. For example, in an instance in which the configuration indicates that downstream signals from two or more small cell devices (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like) including the small cell device that transmitted thedownstream signal are to be routed to a single RAU, the headend router may combine downstream signals from the two or more small cell devices. In some embodiments, such as in an instance in which the downstream signals are analog signals, the headend router may combine downstream signals from the two or more small cell devices, each occupying a different frequency band, into a single broadband signal and route the broadband signal to the RAU. In some embodiments, such as in an instance in which the downstream signals are digital signals, the headend router may combine the digital signals from the two or more small cell devices and route the combined digital signals to the RAU. As another example, in an instance in which the configuration indicates that downstream signals from one small cell device are to be routed to two or more RAUs (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like), the headend router may split the downstream signal from the one small device into a plurality of versions of the same downstream signal and route each version to a corresponding one of the two or more RAUs.

[0139] In some embodiments, the downstream signals are be provided to the one or more RAUs via one or more cables. In some embodiments, the one or more cables may be optical cables, coaxial cables, twisted cable, and / or any combination thereof. The one or more cables may be any cable disclosed herein. The cabling may be considered part of a network of the facility (e.g., part of a local network of the facility). For example, in some embodiments, one or more optical cables may be used to carry downstream signals from the headend router to a particular floor or region of the facility. In some embodiments, one or more coaxial cables may be used to carry downstream signals within a particular floor or region of the facility to a particular RAU. In some embodiments, for example, in instances in which the downstream signal comprises analog signals, the headend router may amplify the downstream signal. For example, in some embodiments, the headend router may amplify the downstream signal according to information received from the small cell controller. Examples for cabling, network, targets (e.g., devices) and control system can be found in International Patent Application Serial No. PCT / US21 / 17946, filed February 12, 2021 ; and in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.17 / 083, 128, filed October 28, 2020, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0140] In some embodiments, an RAU receives a downstream signal from the headend router. The RAU may then up-convert the downstream signal. For example, the RAU may up-convert the downstream signal to an RF frequency band associated with one or more antennas communicatively coupled to the RAU. In instances in which the downstream signal received from the headend router comprises digital signals, the RAU may up-sample the downstream signal. The RAU may then up-convert the up-sampled downstream signal. For example, the RAU may up- convert the up-sampled downstream signal to an RF frequency associated with one or moreantennas communicatively coupled to the RAU. The RAU may cause the one or more antennas to transmit the up-converted downstream signal. In some embodiments, the one or more antennas may amplify the downstream signal.

[0141] In some embodiments, the headend router routes upstream signals based at least in part on the configuration. For example, an RAU receives an upstream signal from one or more antennas communicatively coupled to the RAU. The RAU may then down-convert the upstream signal. For example, in an instance in which upstream signals transmitted from the RAU to one or more small cell devices comprise analog signals, the RAU may down-convert the upstream signal to a baseband frequency or an intermediate frequency (abbreviated herein as “IF”). The RAU may transmit the down-converted upstream signal to the headend router. As another example, in an instance in which the upstream signals transmitted from the RAU to the one or more small cell devices comprise digital signals, the RAU may down-convert the upstream signal to a baseband frequency or an IF. The RAU may down-sample the down-converted upstream signal to generate a digitized representation of the upstream signal.

[0142] In some embodiments, the upstream signals are provided to the headend router from the RAU via one or more cables. In some embodiments, the one or more cables may be optical cables, coaxial cables, and / or any combination thereof. The cabling may be considered part of a network of the facility (e.g., part of a local network of the facility). For example, in some embodiments, one or more optical cables may be used to carry upstream signals from an RAU on a particular floor or in a particular region of the facility to the headend router. In some embodiments, one or more coaxial cables may be used to carry upstream signals within a particular floor or region of the facility to a particular RAU.

[0143] The headend router may manipulate one or more upstream signals, including the upstream signal received from the RAU. Manipulation of the upstream signals may be programmable. For example, in an instance in which the configuration indicates that upstream signals from two or more RAUs (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like) including the RAU that transmitted the upstream signal are to be routed to a single small cell device, the headend router may combine upstream signals from the two or more RAUs. In some embodiments, the headend router may combine upstream signals from the two or more RAUs to be routed to the small cell device. For example, in an instance in which the upstream signals comprise analog signals, the headend router may combine the upstream signals from the two or more RAUs to a single frequency band. As another example, in an instance in which the configuration indicates that upstream signals from one RAU are to be routed to two or more small cell devices (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like), the headend router may split the upstream signal from the one RAU into aplurality of upstream signals and route each upstream signal to a corresponding small cell device. For example, in an instance in which the upstream signals comprise analog signals, the headend router the plurality of upstream signals may be associated with different frequency bands.

[0144] In some embodiments, a controller determines a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. The controller may be a small cell controller that transmits an indication of the configuration, for example, to a router (e.g., a headend router) associated with a facility. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the controller may have a cloud component. In some embodiments, the controller may be part of a control system associated with the facility. For example, the controller may be part of a control system associated with the facility that controls a lighting system, an HVAC system, or the like.

[0145] In some embodiments, current and / or predicted occupancy information is determined based at least in part on scheduling information. The scheduling information may comprise calendar information, such as one or more calendars associated with the facility. The calendars may be associated with particular regions, floors, rooms, etc. of the facility, such as a calendar to reserve a particular location for an event. The calendars may be associated with one or more people, for example, who work in the facility, who manage the facility, or the like.

[0146] In some embodiments, usage information associated with devices in a facility is used to determine a channel sharing protocol for a plurality of small cells routed to an RAU. The device may be a service device (e.g., device that is utilized by personnel in the facility). The service device may be a factory machinery, a printer, or a vending machine. For example, in instances in which small cells transmit analog data, usage information may be used to determine a channel sharing protocol such that a plurality of small cells share a channel allocated to a single RAU. Examples of channel sharing protocols include Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), time-divisional multiple access (TDMA), code-division multiple access (CDMA), and / or space-division multiple access (SDMA).

[0147] In some embodiments, the control system is operatively coupled to one or more targets of the facility, and is configured to control the one or more targets (e.g., devices). For example, the control system may control mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, and / or electromagnetic (e.g., optical and / or thermal) actions of the target. For example, the control system may control a physical action of the target. For example, the control system may control if the target apparatus is turned on or off, if any controllable compartment thereof is open or closed, direct directionality (e.g., left, right, up, down), enter and / or change settings, enable or deny access, transfer data to memory, reset data in the memory, upload and / or download software or executable code to the target apparatus, cause executable code to be run by a processor associated with and / orincorporated in the target apparatus, change channels, change volume, causing an action to return to a default setting and / or mode. The control system may change a set-point stored in a data set associated with the target, configure or reconfigure software associated with the target. The memory can be associated with and / or be part of the target. The control system may include the small cell controller(s).

[0148] In some embodiments, the target is operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled to the network (e.g., communication, power and / or control network) of the facility. Once the target becomes operatively coupled to the network of the facility, it may be part of the targets controlled via the control system. A target may be a device (e.g., a sensor or an emitter). A target (e.g., third party target) may offer one or more services to a user. For example, the target (e.g., target apparatus) may be a dispenser. The dispenser may dispense food, beverage, and / or equipment, upon a command. The target may be a service device. The service device may include media players (e.g., which media may include music, video, television, and / or internet), manufacturing equipment, medical device, and / or exercise equipment. The target apparatus may comprise a television, recording device (e.g., video cassette recorder (VCR), digital video recorder (DVR), or any non-volatile memory), Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, digital audio file player (e.g., MP3 player), cable and / or satellite converter set-top box (“STBs”), amplifier, compact disk (CD) player, game console, home lighting, electrically controlled drapery (e.g., blinds), tintable window (e.g., electrochromic window), fan, HVAC system, thermostat, personal computer, dispenser (e.g., soap, beverage, food, or equipment dispenser), washing machine, or dryer. In some embodiments, the target (e.g., target apparatus) excludes entertainment an entertainment device (e.g., a television, recording device (e.g., video cassette recorder (VCR), digital video recorder (DVR), or any non-volatile memory), Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, digital audio file player (e.g., MP3 player), cable and / or satellite converter set- top box (“STBs”), amplifier, compact disk (CD) player, and / or game console). The target may be a control target. In some embodiments, the one or more devices comprises a service, office and / or factory apparatus.

[0149] In some embodiments, the facility comprises a local network. The network may be operatively coupled to the control system. The network may be a network of the facility (e.g., of the building). The network may be configured to transmit communication and / or power. The network may be any network disclosed herein. The network may extend to a room, a floor, several rooms, several floors, the building, or several buildings of the facility. The network may operatively (e.g., to facilitate power and / or communication) couple to a control system (e.g., as disclosed herein), to sensor(s), emitter(s), antenna, router(s), power supply, building managementsystem (and / or its components). The network may be operatively coupled to personal computers of users (e.g., occupants) associated with the facility (e.g., employees and / or tenants). At least part of the network may be installed as the initial network of the facility, and / or disposed in an envelope structure of the facility. At least a portion of the network may be the first network deployed in the facility, e.g., upon its creation. The network may be operatively coupled to one or more targets (e.g., devices) in the facility that perform operations for, or associated with, the facility (e.g., production machinery, communication machinery, and / or service devices such as service machinery). The production machinery may include computers, factory related machinery, and / or any other machinery configured to produce product / s) (e.g., printers and / or dispensers). The service machinery may include food and / or beverage related machinery, hygiene related machinery (e.g., mask dispenser, and / or disinfectant dispensers). The communication machinery may include media projectors, media display, touch screens, speakers, and / or lighting (e.g., entry, exit, and / or security lighting).

[0150] In some embodiments, usage information is used to determine power specifications (e.g., for transmitting and / or receiving upstream and / or downstream signals) for one or more components of the facility. For example, a small cell controller may transmit instructions to one or more RAUs of the facility instructing the one or more RAUs to amplify downstream signals received from a router (e.g., a headend router) prior to causing one or more antennas operatively coupled to the RAU to transmit the signal. As another example, a small cell controller may transmit instructions to one or more RAUs of the facility instructing the one or more RAUs to amplify upstream signals received from one or more antennas operatively coupled to the one or more RAUs prior to transmitting the upstream signals to a router (e.g., the headend router). In some embodiments, the small cell controller may identify RAUs that are to amplify upstream and / or downstream signals based at least in part on the usage information. For example, in an instance in which the usage information indicates that one or more devices receiving information from antennas operatively coupled to a particular RAU are outside of a predetermined proximity to the antennas, the small cell controller may instruct the RAU to amplify upstream and / or downstream signals. The usage information may include a proximity of one or more devices to one or more antennas in a facility and / or an indication of a line of sight between one or more devices to one or more antennas in a facility (e.g., whether the one or more devices are blocked by a wall or other structure to the one or more antennas). In some embodiments, line of sight information (including materials of particular walls and / or other structures) may be determined based at least in part on blueprint information and / or other architectural information. For example, line of sight information may utilize a BMI (e.g., such as a Revit file). In some embodiments, the small cellcontroller may instruct one or more active antennas in the facility to amplify upstream and / or downstream signals based at least in part on usage information. In some embodiments, the controller may be operatively coupled to a BMI file.

[0151] In some embodiments, a facility in which small cell devices and / or a small cell controller is deployed may also be equipped with one or more windows, such as tintable (e.g., electrochromic) windows. In some embodiments, a control system may be shared between the small cell devices and the one or more windows (e.g., and be part of a control system of the facility). In some embodiments, various networks, connectors, cables, or the like may be shared between a control system associated with one or more small cell devices and one or more controllable devices in a facility (e.g., one or more tintable windows). In various embodiments, a network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more windows such as tintable (e.g., electrochromic) windows. The control system may comprise one or more controllers operatively coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to one or more windows. While the disclosed embodiments describe tintable windows (also referred to herein as “optically switchable windows,” or “smart windows”) such as electrochromic windows, the concepts disclosed herein may apply to other types of switchable optical devices comprising a liquid crystal device, an electrochromic device, suspended particle device (SPD), NanoChromics display (NCD), Organic electroluminescent display (OELD), suspended particle device (SPD), NanoChromics display (NCD), or an Organic electroluminescent display (OELD). The display element may be attached to a part of a transparent body (such as the windows). The tintable window may be disposed in a (non-transitory) facility such as a building, and / or in a transitory facility (e.g., vehicle) such as a car, RV, bus, train, airplane, helicopter, ship, or boat.

[0152] In some embodiments, a tintable window exhibits a (e.g., controllable and / or reversible) change in at least one optical property of the window, e.g., when a stimulus is applied. The change may be a continuous change. A change may be to discrete tint levels (e.g., to at least about 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 tint levels). The optical property may comprise hue, or transmissivity. The hue may comprise color. The transmissivity may be of one or more wavelengths. The wavelengths may comprise ultraviolet, visible, or infrared wavelengths. The stimulus can include an optical, electrical and / or magnetic stimulus. For example, the stimulus can include an applied voltage and / or current. One or more tintable windows can be used to control lighting and / or glare conditions, e.g., by regulating the transmission of solar energy propagating through them. One or more tintable windows can be used to control a temperature within a building, e.g., by regulating the transmission of solar energy propagating through the window. Control of the solar energy may control heat load imposed on the interior of the facility (e.g., building). The control may be manualand / or automatic. The control may be used for maintaining one or more requested (e.g., environmental) conditions, e.g., occupant comfort. The control may include reducing energy consumption of a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and / or lighting systems. At least two of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by separate systems. At least two of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by one system. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by a single system (abbreviated herein as “HVAC). In some cases, tintable windows may be responsive to (e.g., and communicatively coupled to) one or more environmental sensors and / or user control. Tintable windows may comprise (e.g., may be) electrochromic windows. The windows may be located in the range from the interior to the exterior of a structure (e.g., facility, e.g., building). However, this need not be the case. Tintable windows may operate using liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices (such as microshutters), or any technology known now, or later developed, that is configured to control light transmission through a window. Windows (e.g., with MEMS devices for tinting) are described in U.S. Patent No. 10,359,681, issued July 23, 2019, filed May 15, 2015, titled “MULTI-PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES,” and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some cases, one or more tintable windows can be located within the interior of a building, e.g., between a conference room and a hallway. In some cases, one or more tintable windows can be used in automobiles, trains, aircraft, and other vehicles, e.g., in lieu of a passive and / or non-tinting window.

[0153] In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic device (referred to herein as an “EC device” (abbreviated herein as ECD), or “EC”). An EC device may comprise at least one coating that includes at least one layer. The at least one layer can comprise an electrochromic material. In some embodiments, the electrochromic material exhibits a change from one optical state to another, e.g., when an electric potential is applied across the EC device. The transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another optical state can be caused, e.g., by reversible, semi-reversible, or irreversible ion insertion into the electrochromic material (e.g., by way of intercalation) and a corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. For example, the transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another optical state can be caused, e.g., by a reversible ion insertion into the electrochromic material (e.g., by way of intercalation) and a corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. Reversible may be for the expected lifetime of the ECD. Semi-reversible refers to a measurable (e.g., noticeable) degradation in the reversibility of the tint of the window over one or more tinting cycles. In some instances, a fraction of the ions responsible for the optical transition is irreversiblybound up in the electrochromic material (e.g., and thus the induced (altered) tint state of the window is not reversible to its original tinting state). In various EC devices, at least some (e.g., all) of the irreversibly bound ions can be used to compensate for “blind charge” in the material (e.g., ECD).

[0154] In some implementations, suitable ions include cations. The cations may include lithium ions (Li+) and / or hydrogen ions (H+) (i.e., protons). In some implementations, other ions can be suitable. Intercalation of the cations may be into an (e.g., metal) oxide. A change in the intercalation state of the ions (e.g., cations) into the oxide may induce a visible change in a tint (e.g., color) of the oxide. For example, the oxide may transition from a colorless to a colored state. For example, intercalation of lithium ions into tungsten oxide (W03-y (0 < y < ~0.3)) may cause the tungsten oxide to change from a transparent state to a colored (e.g., blue) state. EC device coatings as described herein are located within the viewable portion of the tintable window such that the tinting of the EC device coating can be used to control the optical state of the tintable window.

[0155] Fig. 16 shows an example of a schematic cross-section of an electrochromic device 1600 in accordance with some embodiments is shown in Fig. 16. The EC device coating is attached to a substrate 1602, a transparent conductive layer (TCL) 1604, an electrochromic layer (EC) 1606 (sometimes also referred to as a cathodically coloring layer or a cathodically tinting layer), an ion conducting layer or region (IC) 1608, a counter electrode layer (CE) 1610 (sometimes also referred to as an anodically coloring layer or anodically tinting layer), and a second TCL 1614.

[0156] Elements 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, and 1614 are collectively referred to as an electrochromic stack 1620. A voltage source 1616 operable to apply an electric potential across the electrochromic stack 1620 effects the transition of the electrochromic coating from, e.g., a clear state to a tinted state. In other embodiments, the order of layers is reversed with respect to the substrate. That is, the layers are in the following order: substrate, TCL, counter electrode layer, ion conducting layer, electrochromic material layer, TCL.

[0157] In various embodiments, the ion conductor region (e.g., 1608) may form from a portion of the EC layer (e.g., 1606) and / or from a portion of the CE layer (e.g., 1610). In such embodiments, the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1620) may be deposited to include cathodically coloring electrochromic material (the EC layer) in direct physical contact with an anodically coloring counter electrode material (the CE layer). The ion conductor region (sometimes referred to as an interfacial region, or as an ion conducting substantially electronically insulating layer or region) may form where the EC layer and the CE layer meet, for example through heating and / or other processing steps. Examples of electrochromic devices (e.g., including those fabricatedwithout depositing a distinct ion conductor material) can be found in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 462,725, filed May 2, 2012, titled “ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES,” that is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, an EC device coating may include one or more additional layers such as one or more passive layers. Passive layers can be used to improve certain optical properties, to provide moisture, and / or to provide scratch resistance. These and / or other passive layers can serve to hermetically seal the EC stack 1620. Various layers, including transparent conducting layers (such as 1604 and 1614), can be treated with anti-reflective and / or protective layers (e.g., oxide and / or nitride layers).

[0158] In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device is configured to (e.g., substantially) reversibly cycle between a clear state and a tinted state. Reversible may be within an expected lifetime of the ECD. The expected lifetime can be at least about 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, or 100 years. The expected lifetime can be any value between the aforementioned values (e.g., from about 5 years to about 100 years, from about 5 years to about 50 years, or from about 50 years to about 100 years). A potential can be applied to the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1620) such that available ions in the stack that can cause the electrochromic material (e.g., 1606) to be in the tinted state reside primarily in the counter electrode (e.g., 1610) when the window is in a first tint state (e.g., clear). When the potential applied to the electrochromic stack is reversed, the ions can be transported across the ion conducting layer (e.g., 1608) to the electrochromic material and cause the material to enter the second tint state (e.g., tinted state).

[0159] It should be understood that the reference to a transition between a clear state and tinted state is non-limiting and suggests only one example, among many, of an electrochromic transition that may be implemented. Unless otherwise specified herein, whenever reference is made to a clear-tinted transition, the corresponding device or process encompasses other optical state transitions such as non-reflective-reflective, and / or transparent-opaque. In some embodiments, the terms “clear” and “bleached” refer to an optically neutral state, e.g., untinted, transparent and / or translucent. In some embodiments, the “color” or “tint” of an electrochromic transition is not limited to any wavelength or range of wavelengths. The choice of appropriate electrochromic material and counter electrode materials may govern the relevant optical transition (e.g., from tinted to untinted state).

[0160] In certain embodiments, at least a portion (e.g., all of) the materials making up electrochromic stack are inorganic, solid (i.e., in the solid state), or both inorganic and solid. Because various organic materials tend to degrade over time, particularly when exposed to heat and UV light as tinted building windows are, inorganic materials offer an advantage of a reliable electrochromic stack that can function for extended periods of time. In some embodiments,materials in the solid state can offer the advantage of being minimally contaminated and minimizing leakage issues, as materials in the liquid state sometimes do. One or more of the layers in the stack may contain some amount of organic material (e.g., that is measurable). The ECD or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more of the layers) may contain little or no measurable organic matter. The ECD or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more of the layers) may contain one or more liquids that may be present in little amounts. Little may be of at most about lOOppm, lOppm, or Ippm of the ECD. Solid state material may be deposited (or otherwise formed) using one or more processes employing liquid components, such as certain processes employing sol-gels, physical vapor deposition, and / or chemical vapor deposition.

[0161] Fig. 17 show an example of a cross-sectional view of a tintable window embodied in an insulated glass unit (“IGU”) 1700, in accordance with some implementations. The terms “IGU,” “tintable window,” and “optically switchable window” can be used interchangeably herein. It can be desirable to have IGUs serve as the fundamental constructs for holding electrochromic panes (also referred to herein as “lites”) when provided for installation in a building. An IGU lite may be a single substrate or a multi-substrate construct. The lite may comprise a laminate, e.g., of two substrates. IGUs (e.g., having double- or triple-pane configurations) can provide a number of advantages over single pane configurations. For example, multi-pane configurations can provide enhanced thermal insulation, noise insulation, environmental protection and / or durability, when compared with single-pane configurations. A multi-pane configuration can provide increased protection for an ECD. For example, the electrochromic films (e.g., as well as associated layers and conductive interconnects) can be formed on an interior surface of the multi-pane IGU and be protected by an inert gas fill in the interior volume (e.g., 1708) of the IGU. The inert gas fill may provide at least some (heat) insulating function for an IGU. Electrochromic IGUs may have heat blocking capability, e.g., by virtue of a tintable coating that absorbs (and / or reflects) heat and light.

[0162] In some embodiments, an “IGU” includes two (or more) substantially transparent substrates. For example, the IGU may include two panes of glass. At least one substrate of the IGU can include an electrochromic device disposed thereon. The one or more panes of the IGU may have a separator disposed between them. An IGU can be a hermetically sealed construct, e.g., having an interior region that is isolated from the ambient environment. A “window assembly” may include an IGU. A “window assembly” may include a (e.g., stand-alone) laminate. A “window assembly” may include one or more electrical leads, e.g., for connecting the IGUs and / or laminates. The electrical leads may operatively couple (e.g., connect) one or more electrochromic devices to a voltage source, switches and the like, and may include a frame that supports the IGUor laminate. A window assembly may include a window controller, and / or components of a window controller (e.g., a dock).

[0163] Fig. 17 shows an example implementation of an IGU 1700 that includes a first pane 1704 having a first surface S 1 and a second surface S2. In some implementations, the first surface SI of the first pane 1704 faces an exterior environment, such as an outdoors or outside environment. The IGU 1700 also includes a second pane 1706 having a first surface S3 and a second surface S4. In some implementations, the second surface (e.g., S4) of the second pane (e.g., 1706) faces an interior environment, such as an inside environment of a home, building, vehicle, or compartment thereof (e.g., an enclosure therein such as a room).

[0164] In some implementations, the first and the second panes (e.g., 1704 and 1706) are transparent or translucent, e.g., at least to light in the visible spectrum. For example, each of the panes (e.g., 1704 and 1706) can be formed of a glass material. The glass material may include architectural glass, and / or shatter-resistant glass. The glass may comprise a silicon oxide (SOX). The glass may comprise a soda-lime glass or float glass. The glass may comprise at least about 75% silica (SiCh). The glass may comprise oxides such as Na2O, or CaO. The glass may comprise alkali or alkali-earth oxides. The glass may comprise one or more additives. The first and / or the second panes can include any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. Other materials (e.g., substrates) that can be included in the first and / or the second panes are plastic, semi-plastic and / or thermoplastic materials, for example, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, SAN (styrene acrylonitrile copolymer), poly(4-methyl- 1 -pentene), polyester, and / or polyamide. The first and / or second pane may include mirror material (e.g., silver). In some implementations, the first and / or the second panes can be strengthened. The strengthening may include tempering, heating, and / or chemically strengthening.

[0165] In some embodiments, an enclosure includes one or more sensors. The sensor may facilitate controlling the environment of the enclosure such that inhabitants of the enclosure may have an environment that is more comfortable, delightful, beautiful, healthy, productive (e.g., in terms of inhabitant performance), easer to live (e.g., work) in, or any combination thereof. The sensor(s) may be configured as low or high resolution sensors. Sensor may provide on / off indications of the occurrence and / or presence of a particular environmental event (e.g., one pixel sensors). In some embodiments, the accuracy and / or resolution of a sensor may be improved via artificial intelligence analysis of its measurements. Examples of artificial intelligence techniques that may be used include: reactive, limited memory, theory of mind, and / or self-aware techniques know to those skilled in the art). Sensors may be configured to process, measure, analyze, detectand / or react to one or more of: data, temperature, humidity, sound, force, pressure, electromagnetic waves, position, distance, movement, flow, acceleration, speed, vibration, dust, light, glare, color, gas(es), and / or other aspects (e.g., characteristics) of an environment (e.g., of an enclosure). The gases may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The gases may include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor (e.g., humidity), oxygen, radon, and / or hydrogen sulfide. The one or more sensors may be calibrated in a factory setting and / or at the target environment (e.g., deployment site). A sensor may be optimized to be capable of performing accurate measurements of one or more environmental characteristics present in the factory setting and / or at the target environment. In some instances, a factory calibrated sensor may be less optimized for operation in a target environment. For example, a factory setting may comprise a different environment than a target environment. The target environment can be an environment in which the sensor is deployed. The target environment can be an environment in which the sensor is expected and / or destined to operate. The target environment may differ from a factory environment. A factory environment corresponds to a location at which the sensor was assembled and / or built. The target environment may comprise a factory in which the sensor was not assembled and / or built. In some instances, the factory setting may differ from the target environment, e.g., to the extent that sensor readings captured in the target environment are erroneous (e.g., to a measurable extent). In this context, “erroneous” may refer to sensor readings that deviate from a specified accuracy (e.g., specified by a manufacture of the sensor). In some situations, a factory-calibrated sensor may provide readings that do not meet accuracy specifications (e.g., by a manufacturer) when operated in the target environments.

[0166] In some embodiments, the control system is operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled to an ensemble of devices (e.g., sensors and / or emitters). One or more sensors may be configured to process, measure, analyze, detect and / or react to: data, temperature, humidity, sound, force, pressure, concentration, electromagnetic waves, position, distance, movement, flow, acceleration, speed, vibration, dust, light, glare, color, gas(es) type, and / or other aspects (e.g., characteristics) of an environment (e.g., of an enclosure). The gases may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The gases may include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor (e.g., humidity), oxygen, radon, and / or hydrogen sulfide. The one or more sensors may be calibrated in a factory setting and / or in the facility. A sensor may be optimized to performing accurate measurements of one or more environmental characteristics present in the factory setting and / or in the facility in which it is deployed. The environmental characteristic may comprise temperature, humidity, pressure, CO2, CO, VOC, debris (e.g., smoke, particulates), radon, sound, sound emitter, temperature, or electromagnetic radiation (e.g., UV having wavelength range of from about 10nanometers (nm) to about 400 nm, IR having wavelength range of from about 700 nm to about 1 mm, or visible light having wavelength range of from about 400 to about 700 nm). A device ensemble may include CO2, VOC, temperature, humidity, electromagnetic light, pressure, and / or noise sensors. The sensor may comprise a gesture sensor (e.g., RGB gesture sensor), an acetometer, or a sound sensor. The VOC sensor may be configured to measure Total VOC (abbreviated herein as “TVOC,” or “tVOC”). In some embodiments, the ensemble facilitates the control of the environment and / or the alert. The control may utilize a control scheme such as feedback control, or any other control scheme delineated herein. The ensemble may comprise at least one sensor configured to sense electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation may be (humanly) visible, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The at least one sensor may comprise an array of sensors. For example, the ensemble may comprise an IR sensor array (e.g., a far infrared thermal array such as the one by Melexis). The IR sensor array may have a resolution of at least 32x24 pixels. The IR sensor may be coupled to a digital interface. The ensemble may comprise an IR camera. The ensemble may comprise a sound detector. The ensemble may comprise a microphone. The ensemble may comprise any sensor and / or emitter disclosed herein. The ensemble may include CO2, VOC, temperature, humidity, electromagnetic light, pressure, and / or noise sensors. The sensor may comprise a gesture sensor (e.g., RGB gesture sensor), an acetometer, or a sound sensor. The sounds sensor may comprise an audio decibel level detector. The sensor may comprise a meter driver. The ensemble may include a microphone and / or a processor. The ensemble may comprise a camera (e.g., a 4K pixel camera), a UWB sensor and / or emitter, a Bluetooth (BLE) sensor and / or emitter, a processor. The camera may have any camera resolution disclosed herein. One or more of the devices (e.g., sensors) can be integrated on a chip. The device (e.g., sensor) ensemble may be utilized to determine presence of occupants in an enclosure, their number and / or identity (e.g., using the camera). The device ensemble may be utilized to control (e.g., monitor and / or adjust) one or more environmental characteristics in the enclosure environment.

[0167] The sensors coupled to the network may be configured to sense properties comprising temperature, Relative Humidity (RH), Illuminance (e.g., in Lux), temperature (in degrees Celsius), correlated color temperature (CCT, e.g., in degrees Kelvin), carbon dioxide (e.g., in parts per million (ppm)), volatile organic compounds (VOC, e.g., as an index value), pressure (e.g., as sound pressure in Decibels), pulverous material, infrared, ultraviolet, or visible light. The sensor may have an accuracy. The sensor may have a random variability. The random variability (e.g., statistical measures of long-term random variability). The random variability of the temperature sensor may be at most about 0.5 degrees Celsius (°C), 0.3 °C, 0.2 °C or 0.1 °C. The randomvariability of the RH sensor may be at most about 3%, 2%, 1.5%, or 1%. The random variability of the Illuminance sensor may be at most about 20LUX, 15LUX, 10LUX, or 5LUX. The random variability of the CCT sensor may be at most about 250Kelvin (K), 220K, 210K, 200K, 190K, or 150K. The random variability of the carbon dioxide sensor may be at most about 25ppm, 23ppm, 20ppm, 19ppm, or 15ppm. The random variability of the VOC sensor may be at most about 15 index value (IV), 12IV, 11IV, 10IV, or 5IV. The random variability of the sound pressure sensor may be at most about 10 Decibels (dB), 8dB, 5dB, 4dB, or 2dB. At times, a sensor ensemble may comprise measuring the temperature in the device ensemble (e.g., internal device ensemble temperature) and / or out of the device ensemble (e.g., external device ensemble temperature such as temperature in a room in which the device ensemble is disposed). In some embodiments, data from the sensor(s) undergoes processing and / or analysis.

[0168] In some embodiments, a plurality of devices may be operatively (e.g., communicatively) coupled to the control system. The plurality of devices may be disposed in a facility (e.g., including a building and / or room). The control system may comprise the hierarchy of controllers. The devices may comprise an emitter, a sensor, or a window (e.g., IGU). The device may be any device as disclosed herein. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of the same type. For example, two or more IGUs may be coupled to the control system. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of different types. For example, a sensor and an emitter may be coupled to the control system. At times, the plurality of devices may comprise at least 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10000, 50000, 100000, or 500000 devices. The plurality of devices may be of any number between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., from 20 devices to 500000 devices, from 20 devices to 50 devices, from 50 devices to 500 devices, from 500 devices to 2500 devices, from 1000 devices to 5000 devices, from 5000 devices to 10000 devices, from 10000 devices to 100000 devices, or from 100000 devices to 500000 devices). For example, the number of windows in a floor may be at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, or 50. The number of windows in a floor can be any number between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., from 5 to 50, from 5 to 25, or from 25 to 50). At times, the devices may be in a multi-story building. At least a portion of the floors of the multistory building may have devices controlled by the control system (e.g., at least a portion of the floors of the multi-story building may be controlled by the control system). For example, the multistory building may have at least 2, 8, 10, 25, 50, 80, 100, 120, 140, or 160 floors that are controlled by the control system. The number of floors (e.g., devices therein) controlled by the control system may be any number between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., from 2 to 50, from 25 to 100, or from 80 to 160). The floor may be of an area of at least about 150 nr, 250 m2, 500m2, 1000 m2, 1500 m2, or 2000 square meters (m2). The floor may have an area between any of theaforementioned floor area values (e.g., from about 150 m2to about 2000 m2, from about 150 m2to about 500 m2' from about 250 m2to about 1000 m2, or from about 1000 m2to about 2000 m2). The building may comprise an area of at least about 1000 square feet (sqft), 2000 sqft, 5000 sqft, 10000 sqft, 100000 sqft, 150000 sqft, 200000 sqft, or 500000 sqft. The building may comprise an area between any of the above mentioned areas (e.g., from about 1000 sqft to about 5000 sqft, from about 5000 sqft to about 500000 sqft, or from about 1000 sqft to about 500000 sqft). The building may comprise an area of at least about 100m2, 200 m2, 500 m2, 1000 m2, 5000 m2, 10000 m2, 25000 m2, or 50000 m2. The building may comprise an area between any of the above mentioned areas (e.g., from about 100m2to about 1000 m2, from about 500m2to about 25000 m2, from about 100m2to about 50000 m2). The facility may comprise a commercial or a residential building. The commercial building may include tenant(s) and / or owner(s). The residential facility may comprise a multi or a single family building. The residential facility may comprise an apartment complex. The residential facility may comprise a single family home. The residential facility may comprise multifamily homes (e.g., apartments). The residential facility may comprise townhouses. The facility may comprise residential and commercial portions. The facility may comprise at least about 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 420, 450, 500, or 550 windows (e.g., tintable windows). The windows may be divided into zones (e.g., based at least in part on the location, facade, floor, ownership, utilization of the enclosure (e.g., room) in which they are disposed, any other assignment metric, random assignment, or any combination thereof. Allocation of windows to the zone may be static or dynamic (e.g., based on a heuristic). There may be at least about 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 30, 40, or 46 windows per zone. The facility may comprise a commercial or a residential building. The residential facility may comprise a multi or a single family building.

[0169] In some embodiments, the sensor(s) are operatively coupled to at least one controller and / or processor. Sensor readings may be obtained by one or more processors and / or controllers. A controller may comprise a processing unit (e.g., CPU or GPU). A controller may receive an input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller may include circuitry, electrical wiring, optical wiring, socket, and / or outlet. A controller may deliver an output. A controller may comprise multiple (e.g., sub-) controllers. The controller may be a part of a control system. A control system may comprise a master controller, floor (e.g., comprising network controller) controller, or a local controller. The local controller may be a window controller (e.g., controlling an optically switchable window), enclosure controller, or component controller. The controller can be a device controller (e.g., any device disclosed herein). For example, a controller may be a part of a hierarchal control system (e.g., comprising a main controller that directs one or more controllers,e.g., floor controllers, local controllers (e.g., window controllers), enclosure controllers, and / or component controllers). A physical location of the controller type in the hierarchal control system may be changing. For example, at a first time: a first processor may assume a role of a main controller, a second processor may assume a role of a floor controller, and a third processor may assume the role of a local controller. At a second time: the second processor may assume a role of a main controller, the first processor may assume a role of a floor controller, and the third processor may remain with the role of a local controller. At a third time: the third processor may assume a role of a main controller, the second processor may assume a role of a floor controller, and the first processor may assume the role of a local controller. A controller may control one or more devices (e.g., be directly coupled to the devices). A controller may be disposed proximal to the one or more devices it is controlling. For example, a controller may control an optically switchable device (e.g., IGU), an antenna, a sensor, and / or an output device (e.g., a light source, sounds source, smell source, gas source, HVAC outlet, or heater). In one embodiment, a floor controller may direct one or more window controllers, one or more enclosure controllers, one or more component controllers, or any combination thereof. The floor controller may comprise a floor controller. For example, the floor (e.g., comprising network) controller may control a plurality of local (e.g., comprising window) controllers. A plurality of local controllers may be disposed in a portion of a facility (e.g., in a portion of a building). The portion of the facility may be a floor of a facility. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a floor. In some embodiments, a floor may comprise a plurality of floor controllers, e.g., depending on the floor size and / or the number of local controllers coupled to the floor controller. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a portion of a floor. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a portion of the local controllers disposed in the facility. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a portion of the floors of a facility. A master controller may be coupled to one or more floor controllers. The floor controller may be disposed in the facility. The master controller may be disposed in the facility, or external to the facility. The master controller may be disposed in the cloud. A controller may be a part of, or be operatively coupled to, a building management system. A controller may receive one or more inputs. A controller may generate one or more outputs. The controller may be a single input single output controller (SISO) or a multiple input multiple output controller (MIMO). A controller may interpret an input signal received. A controller may acquire data from the one or more components (e.g., sensors). Acquire may comprise receive or extract. The data may comprise measurement, estimation, determination, generation, or any combination thereof. A controller may comprise feedback control. A controller may comprise feed-forward control. Control may comprise on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, orproportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control may comprise open loop control, or closed loop control. A controller may comprise closed loop control. A controller may comprise open loop control. A controller may comprise a user interface. A user interface may comprise (or operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. Outputs may include a display (e.g., screen), speaker, or printer.

[0170] Fig. 18 shows an example of a control system architecture 1800 comprising a master controller 1808 that controls floor controllers 1806, that in turn control local controllers 1804. In some embodiments, a local controller controls one or more IGUs, one or more sensors, one or more output devices (e.g., one or more emitters), or any combination thereof. Fig. 18 shows an example of a configuration in which the master controller is operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a building management system (BMS) 1824 and to a database 1820. Arrows in Fig. 18 represents communication pathways. A controller may be operatively coupled (e.g., directly / indirectly and / or wired and / wirelessly) to an external source 1810. The external source may comprise a network. The external source may comprise one or more sensor or output device. The external source may comprise a cloud-based application and / or database. The communication may be wired and / or wireless. The external source may be disposed external to the facility. For example, the external source may comprise one or more sensors and / or antennas disposed, e.g., on a wall or on a ceiling of the facility. The communication may be monodirectional or bidirectional. In the example shown in Fig. 18, the communication all communication arrows are meant to be bidirectional. The local controller 1804 may be (e.g., directly) operatively coupled to any of the targets (e.g., devices) disclosed herein. Directly operatively coupled refers to an absence of any other controller therebetween. The control system 1800 may be operatively coupled to any of the targets (e.g., devices) disclosed herein.

[0171] In some embodiments, a BMS is disposed in a facility. The facility can comprise a building such as a multistory building. The BMS may functions at least to control the environment in the building. The control system and / or BMS may control at least one environmental characteristic of the enclosure. The at least one environmental characteristic may comprise temperature, humidity, fine spray (e.g., aerosol), sound, electromagnetic waves (e.g., light glare, color), gas makeup, gas concentration, gas speed, vibration, volatile compounds (VOCs), debris (e.g., dust), or biological matter (e.g., gas borne bacteria and / or virus). The gas(es) may comprise oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), inert gas, Nobel gas (e.g., radon), cholorophore, ozone, formaldehyde, methane, or ethane. For example, a BMS may control temperature, carbon dioxide levels, and / orhumidity within an enclosure. Mechanical devices that can be controlled by a BMS and / or control system may comprise lighting, a heater, air conditioner, blower, or vent. To control the enclosure (e.g., building) environment, a BMS and / or control system may turn on and off one or more of the devices it controls, e.g., under defined conditions. A (e.g., core) function of a BMS and / or control system may be to maintain a comfortable environment for the occupants of the enclosure, e.g., while minimizing energy consumption (e.g., while minimizing heating and cooling costs / demand). A BMS and / or control system can be used to control (e.g., monitor), and / or to optimize the synergy between various systems, for example, to conserve energy and / or lower enclosure (e.g., facility) operation costs.

[0172] The controller may monitor and / or direct (e.g., physical) alteration of the operating conditions of the apparatuses, software, and / or methods described herein. Control may comprise regulate, manipulate, restrict, direct, monitor, adjust, modulate, vary, alter, restrain, check, guide, or manage. Controlled (e.g., by a controller) may include attenuated, modulated, varied, managed, curbed, disciplined, regulated, restrained, supervised, manipulated, and / or guided. The control may comprise controlling a control variable (e.g., temperature, power, voltage, and / or profile). The control can comprise real time or off-line control. A calculation utilized by the controller can be done in real time, and / or off-line. The controller may be a manual or a non-manual controller. The controller may be an automatic controller. The controller may operate upon request. The controller may be a programmable controller. The controller may be programed. The controller may comprise a processing unit (e.g., CPU or GPU). The controller may receive an input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller may deliver an output. The controller may comprise multiple (e.g., sub-) controllers. The controller may be a part of a control system. The control system may comprise a master controller, floor controller, local controller (e.g., enclosure controller, or window controller). The controller may receive one or more inputs. The controller may generate one or more outputs. The controller may be a single input single output controller (SISO) or a multiple input multiple output controller (MIMO). The controller may interpret the input signal received. The controller may acquire data from the one or more sensors. Acquire may comprise receive or extract. The data may comprise measurement, estimation, determination, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller may comprise feedback control. The controller may comprise feed-forward control. The control may comprise on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The control may comprise open loop control, or closed loop control. The controller may comprise closed loop control. The controller may comprise open loop control. The controller may comprise a user interface. The user interface may comprise (or operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse,touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The outputs may include a display (e.g., screen), speaker, or printer.

[0173] The methods, systems and / or the apparatus described herein may comprise a control system. The control system can be in communication with any of the apparatuses (e.g., sensors) described herein. The sensors may be of the same type or of different types, e.g., as described herein. For example, the control system may be in communication with the first sensor and / or with the second sensor. The control system may control the one or more sensors. The control system may control one or more components of a building management system (e.g., lightening, security, and / or air conditioning system). The controller may regulate at least one (e.g., environmental) characteristic of the enclosure. The control system may regulate the enclosure environment using any component of the building management system. For example, the control system may regulate the energy supplied by a heating element and / or by a cooling element. For example, the control system may regulate velocity of an air flowing through a vent to and / or from the enclosure. The control system may comprise a processor. The processor may be a processing unit. The controller may comprise a processing unit. The processing unit may be central. The processing unit may comprise a central processing unit (abbreviated herein as “CPU”). The processing unit may be a graphic processing unit (abbreviated herein as “GPU”). The controller(s) or control mechanisms (e.g., comprising a computer system) may be programmed to implement one or more methods of the disclosure. The processor may be programmed to implement methods of the disclosure. The controller may control at least one component of the forming systems and / or apparatuses disclosed herein.

[0174] Fig. 19 shows a schematic example of a computer system 1900 that is programmed or otherwise configured to one or more operations of any of the methods provided herein. The computer system can control (e.g., direct, monitor, and / or regulate) various features of the methods, apparatuses, and systems of the present disclosure, such as, for example, control heating, cooling, lightening, and / or venting of an enclosure, or any combination thereof. The computer system can be part of, or be in communication with, any sensor or sensor ensemble disclosed herein. The computer may be coupled to one or more mechanisms disclosed herein, and / or any parts thereof. For example, the computer may be coupled to one or more sensors, valves, switches, lights, windows (e.g., TGUs), motors, pumps, optical components, or any combination thereof.

[0175] The computer system can include a processing unit (e.g., 1906) (also “processor,” “computer” and “computer processor” used herein). The computer system may include memory or memory location (e.g., 1902) (e.g., random-access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage unit (e.g., 1904) (e.g., hard disk), communication interface (e.g., 1903) (e.g.,network adapter) for communicating with one or more other systems, and peripheral devices (e.g., 1905), such as cache, other memory, data storage and / or electronic display adapters. In the example shown in Fig. 19, the memory 1902, storage unit 1904, interface 1903, and peripheral devices 1905 are in communication with the processing unit 1906 through a communication bus (solid lines), such as a motherboard. The storage unit can be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system can be operatively coupled to a computer network (“network”) (e.g., 1901) with the aid of the communication interface. The network can be the Internet, an internet and / or extranet, or an intranet and / or extranet that is in communication with the Internet. In some cases, the network is a telecommunication and / or data network. The network can include one or more computer servers, which can enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. The network, in some cases with the aid of the computer system, can implement a peer-to-peer network, which may enable devices coupled to the computer system to behave as a client or a server.

[0176] The processing unit can execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions, which can be embodied in a program or software. The instructions may be stored in a memory location, such as the memory 1902. The instructions can be directed to the processing unit, which can subsequently program or otherwise configure the processing unit to implement methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the processing unit can include fetch, decode, execute, and write back. The processing unit may interpret and / or execute instructions. The processor may include a microprocessor, a data processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphical processing unit (GPU), a system-on-chip (SOC), a co-processor, a network processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an application specific instruction-set processor (ASIPs), a controller, a programmable logic device (PLD), a chipset, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. The processing unit can be part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the system 1900 can be included in the circuit.

[0177] The storage unit can store files, such as drivers, libraries and saved programs. The storage unit can store user data (e.g., user preferences and user programs). In some cases, the computer system can include one or more additional data storage units that are external to the computer system, such as located on a remote server that is in communication with the computer system through an intranet or the Internet.

[0178] The processing unit (e.g., computer system) can communicate with one or more remote computer systems through a network. For instance, the computer system can communicate with a remote computer system of a user (e.g., operator). Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PC), slate or tablet PC's (e.g., Apple® iPad, Samsung® GalaxyTab), telephones, Smart phones (e.g., Apple® iPhone, Android-enabled device, Blackberry®), or personal digital assistants. A user can access the computer system via the network. The processing unit may comprise a CPU or a GPU. The processing unit may comprise a media player. The processing unit may be included in a circuit board. The circuit board may comprise a Jetson Nano™ Developer Kit by NVIDIA®, (e.g., 2GB or 4GB developer kit) or Raspberry-Pi kit (e.g., 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, or 8GB developer kit). The processing unit may be operatively coupled to a plurality of ports comprising at least one media port (e.g., a Display Port, HDMI, and / or micro- HDMI), USB, or an audio-video jack, e.g., that may be included in the circuit board. The processing unit may be operatively coupled to a Camera Serial Interface (CSI), or a Display Serial Interface (DSI), e.g., as part of the circuit board. The processing unit is configured to support communication such as ethernet (e.g., Gigabit Ethernet). The circuity board may comprise a WiFi functionality, a Bluetooth functionality, or a wireless adapter. The wireless adapter may be configured to comply with a wireless networking standard in the 802.11 set of protocols (e.g., USB 802.1 lac). The wireless adapter may be configured to provide a high-throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs), e.g., on at least about a 5 GHz band. The USB port may have a transfer speed of at least about 480 megabits per second (Mbps), 4,800 Mbps, or 10,000 Mbps. The at least one processor may comprise a synchronous (e.g., clocked) processor. The clock speed of the processor may be of at least about 1.2 GigaHertz (GHz), 1.3GHz, 1.4GHz, 1.5GHz, or 1.6GHz. The processing unit may comprise a random access memory (RAM). The RAM may comprise a double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM). The RAM may be configured for mobile devices (e.g., laptop, pad, or mobile phone such as cellular phone). The RAM may comprise a Low-Power Double Data Rate (LPDDR) RAM. The RAM may be configured to permit a channel that is at least about 16, 32, or 64 bit wide. A user (e.g., client) can access the computer system via the network.

[0179] Methods as described herein can be implemented by way of machine (e.g., computer processor) executable code stored on an electronic storage location of the computer system, such as, for example, on the memory 1902 or electronic storage unit 1904. The machine executable or machine-readable code can be provided in the form of software. During use, the processor 1906 can execute the code. In some cases, the code can be retrieved from the storage unit and stored on the memory for ready access by the processor. In some situations, the electronic storage unit can be precluded, and machine-executable instructions are stored on memory.

[0180] The code can be pre-compiled and configured for use with a machine have a processer adapted to execute the code or can be compiled during runtime. The code can be supplied in aprogramming language that can be selected to enable the code to execute in a pre-compiled or as- compiled fashion.

[0181] In some embodiments, the processor comprises a code. The code can be program instructions. The program instructions may cause the at least one processor (e.g., computer) to direct a feed forward and / or feedback control loop. In some embodiments, the program instructions cause the at least one processor to direct a closed loop and / or open loop control scheme. The control may be based at least in part on one or more sensor readings (e.g., sensor data). One controller may direct a plurality of operations. At least two operations may be directed by different controllers. In some embodiments, a different controller may direct at least two of operations (a), (b) and (c). In some embodiments, different controllers may direct at least two of operations (a), (b) and (c). In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium cause each a different computer to direct at least two of operations (a), (b) and (c). In some embodiments, different non-transitory computer-readable mediums cause each a different computer to direct at least two of operations (a), (b) and (c). The controller and / or computer readable media may direct any of the apparatuses or components thereof disclosed herein. The controller and / or computer readable media may direct any operations of the methods disclosed herein.

[0182] In some embodiments, the at least one sensor is operatively coupled to a control system (e.g., computer control system). The sensor may comprise light sensor, acoustic sensor, vibration sensor, chemical sensor, electrical sensor, magnetic sensor, fluidity sensor, movement sensor, speed sensor, position sensor, pressure sensor, force sensor, density sensor, distance sensor, or proximity sensor. The sensor may include temperature sensor, weight sensor, material (e.g., powder) level sensor, metrology sensor, gas sensor, or humidity sensor. The metrology sensor may comprise measurement sensor (e.g., height, length, width, angle, and / or volume). The metrology sensor may comprise a magnetic, acceleration, orientation, or optical sensor. The sensor may transmit and / or receive sound (e.g., echo), magnetic, electronic, or electromagnetic signal. The electromagnetic signal may comprise a visible, infrared, ultraviolet, ultrasound, radio wave, or microwave signal. The gas sensor may sense any of the gas delineated herein. The distance sensor can be a type of metrology sensor. The distance sensor may comprise an optical sensor, or capacitance sensor. The temperature sensor can comprise Bolometer, Bimetallic strip, calorimeter, Exhaust gas temperature gauge, Flame detection, Gardon gauge, Golay cell, Heat flux sensor, Infrared thermometer, Microbolometer, Microwave radiometer, Net radiometer, Quartz thermometer, Resistance temperature detector, Resistance thermometer, Silicon band gap temperature sensor, Special sensor microwave / imager, Temperature gauge, Thermistor, Thermocouple, Thermometer (e.g., resistance thermometer), or Pyrometer. The temperaturesensor may comprise an optical sensor. The temperature sensor may comprise image processing. The temperature sensor may comprise a camera (e.g., IR camera, CCD camera). The pressure sensor may comprise Barograph, Barometer, Boost gauge, Bourdon gauge, Hot filament ionization gauge, Ionization gauge, McLeod gauge, Oscillating U-tube, Permanent Downhole Gauge, Piezometer, Pirani gauge, Pressure sensor, Pressure gauge, Tactile sensor, or Time pressure gauge. The position sensor may comprise Auxanometer, Capacitive displacement sensor, Capacitive sensing, Free fall sensor, Gravimeter, Gyroscopic sensor, Impact sensor, Inclinometer, Integrated circuit piezoelectric sensor, Laser rangefinder, Laser surface velocimeter, LIDAR, Linear encoder, Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), Liquid capacitive inclinometers, Odometer, Photoelectric sensor, Piezoelectric accelerometer, Rate sensor, Rotary encoder, Rotary variable differential transformer, Selsyn, Shock detector, Shock data logger, Tilt sensor, Tachometer, Ultrasonic thickness gauge, Variable reluctance sensor, or Velocity receiver. The optical sensor may comprise a Charge-coupled device, Colorimeter, Contact image sensor, Electro-optical sensor, Infra-red sensor, Kinetic inductance detector, light emitting diode (e.g., light sensor), Light-addressable potentiometric sensor, Nichols radiometer, Fiber optic sensor, Optical position sensor, Photo detector, Photodiode, Photomultiplier tubes, Phototransistor, Photoelectric sensor, Photoionization detector, Photomultiplier, Photo resistor, Photo switch, Phototube, Scintillometer, Shack-Hartmann, Single-photon avalanche diode, Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, Transition edge sensor, Visible light photon counter, or Wave front sensor. The one or more sensors may be connected to a control system (e.g., to a processor, to a computer).

[0183] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown, and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations, or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein might be employed in practicing the invention. It is therefore contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such alternatives, modifications, variations, or equivalents. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

[0184] In view of this description embodiments may include different combinations of features. Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0185] Clause 1 : A method of granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, the method comprising: receiving, from a user device, a request for controlling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device; responsive to receiving the request: obtaining a first state comprising a current state of the optically switchable device, obtaining, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control, and providing a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface: indicates the first state of the optically switchable device, and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device; receiving, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device; sending a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state; receiving an indication that the change was successful; and updating the user interface to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

[0186] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, further comprising providing an indicator to cause the user device to make the request to control the optically switchable device.

[0187] Clause 3: The method of clause 2 wherein the indicator comprises a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) link, a Quick Response (QR) code, or a bar code.

[0188] Clause 4: The method of clause 3 wherein the indicator comprises the QR code, and wherein the method further comprises providing the QR code within the space in the facility.

[0189] Clause 5: The method of clause 4 wherein the QR code is provided in a non-digital medium.

[0190] Clause 6: The method of any one of clauses 1-5 further comprising associating the indicator with the optically switchable device.

[0191] Clause 7: The method of clause 6 wherein associating the indicator with the optically switchable device comprises associating the indicator with the facility, a zone of the optically switchable device, or both.

[0192] Clause 8: The method of any one of clauses 1-7 further comprising, prior to receiving the request, receiving input from a managing entity, wherein the input from the managing entity isused to establish the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control.

[0193] Clause 9: The method of clause 8 wherein the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device comprises a tint level, a brightness level, a physical position, a duration of time to remain in a state, a schedule, or a combination thereof.

[0194] Clause 10: The method of clause 9 further comprising, prior to sending the command to the controller, determining whether a priority associated with the user input is equal to or higher than a priority associated with the first state of the optically switchable device, wherein sending the command to the controller is responsive to a determination that the priority associated with the user input is equal to or higher than the priority associated with the first state of the optically switchable device.

[0195] Clause 1 1 : The method of any one of clauses 1-10 further comprising, prior to sending the command to the controller, determining whether a user associated with the user device is authorized to adjust the at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device.

[0196] Clause 12: The method of clause 11 wherein determining whether the user is authorized comprises obtaining a password or code from the user device.

[0197] Clause 13 : The method of clause 12 wherein obtaining the password or code from the user device comprises obtaining the password or code in the request or via the user interface.

[0198] Clause 14: The method of any one of clauses 1-13 further comprising, prior to sending the command to the controller, authenticating the user device.

[0199] Clause 15: The method of clause 14 wherein authenticating the user device comprises sending a code to an email address or phone number and receiving the code via the user interface.

[0200] Clause 16: The method of any one of clauses 14-15 wherein authenticating the user device comprises determining a location of the user device to be within the space in the facility or within a threshold distance of the facility.

[0201] Clause 17: The method of any one of clauses 14-16 further comprising obtaining the location of the user device from the user device, from a wireless communication network at the facility, from another user device positioning source, or a combination thereof.

[0202] Cl ause 18 : The method of any one of clauses 14-17 wherein authenticating the user device comprises determining the user device is communicatively connected with a wireless communication network at the facility.

[0203] Clause 19: The method of any one of clauses 14-18 further comprising, subsequent to authenticating the user device, requiring reauthentication after a threshold amount of time haspassed since authenticating the user device, prior to sending a subsequent command to the controller.

[0204] Clause 20: The method of any one of clauses 1-19 wherein the optically switchable device is part of a zone or zone group associated with the space in the facility, and wherein receiving the user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device comprises receiving user input to change a first state of a plurality of optically switchable devices in the zone or zone group.

[0205] Clause 21 : The method of any one of clauses 1-20 wherein the optically switchable device comprises a tintable window.

[0206] Clause 22: The method of clause 21 wherein the tintable window comprises an electrochromic window.

[0207] Clause 23: The method of any one of clauses 1-22 wherein providing the user interface comprises providing a webpage accessible via a web browser executed by the user device.

[0208] Clause 24: The method of any one of clauses 1-23 further comprising, subsequent to receiving the indication that the change was successful, automatically reverting to the first state or a default state after a threshold amount of time has passed.

[0209] Clause 25: The method of any one of clauses 1-24 further comprising automatically causing a communication link between the user device and a server receiving the request to timeout after a threshold amount of time has passed since (i) the communication link was established, or (ii) an authentication of the user device was performed by the server.

[0210] An apparatus or system having means for performing the method of any one of clauses 1 - 25.

[0211] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising code for performing the method of any one of clauses 1-25.

[0212] A device having a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to cause the device to perform the method of any one of clauses 1-25.

[0213] A system comprising one or more communicatively coupled computing devices configured to perform the method of any one of clauses 1-25.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method of granting a user temporary control of an optically switchable device, the method comprising: receiving, from a user device, a request for controlling the optically switchable device, the optically switchable device located within a space in a facility, and wherein the request is indicative of the optically switchable device; responsive to receiving the request: obtaining a first state comprising a current state of the optically switchable device, obtaining, based on the request, a set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control, and providing a user interface accessible via the user device, wherein the user interface: indicates the first state of the optically switchable device, and provides one or more controls, based on the obtained set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device; receiving, via the user interface, user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device to a second state by adjusting at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device; sending a command to a controller of the optically switchable device to cause the optically switchable device to change from the first state to the second state; receiving an indication that the change was successful; and updating the user interface to indicate the second state of the optically switchable device.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing an indicator to cause the user device to make the request to control the optically switchable device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the indicator comprises a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) link, a Quick Response (QR) code, or a bar code.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the indicator comprises the QR code, and wherein the method further comprises providing the QR code within the space in the facility.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the QR code is provided in a non-digital medium.

6. The method of claim 2, further comprising associating the indicator with the optically switchable device.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein associating the indicator with the optically switchable device comprises associating the indicator with the facility, a zone of the optically switchable device, or both.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to receiving the request, receiving input from a managing entity, wherein the input from the managing entity is used to establish the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device for which to enable user control.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device comprises a tint level, a brightness level, a physical position, a duration of time to remain in a state, a schedule, or a combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to sending the command to the controller, determining whether a priority associated with the user input is equal to or higher than a priority associated with the first state of the optically switchable device, wherein sending the command to the controller is responsive to a determination that the priority associated with the user input is equal to or higher than the priority associated with the first state of the optically switchable device.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to sending the command to the controller, determining whether a user associated with the user device is authorized to adjust the at least one aspect of the set of one or more aspects of the optically switchable device.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein determining whether the user is authorized comprises obtaining a password or code from the user device.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining the password or code from the user device comprises obtaining the password or code in the request or via the user interface.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to sending the command to the controller, authenticating the user device.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein authenticating the user device comprises sending a code to an email address or phone number and receiving the code via the user interface.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein authenticating the user device comprises determining a location of the user device to be within the space in the facility or within a threshold distance of the facility.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising obtaining the location of the user device from the user device, from a wireless communication network at the facility, from another user device positioning source, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein authenticating the user device comprises determining the user device is communicatively connected with a wireless communication network at the facility.

19. The method of claim 14, further comprising, subsequent to authenticating the user device, requiring reauthentication after a threshold amount of time has passed since authenticating the user device, prior to sending a subsequent command to the controller.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optically switchable device is part of a zone or zone group associated with the space in the facility, and wherein receiving the user input to change the first state of the optically switchable device comprises receiving user input to change a first state of a plurality of optically switchable devices in the zone or zone group.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optically switchable device comprises a tintable window.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the tintable window comprises an electrochromic window.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the user interface comprises providing a webpage accessible via a web browser executed by the user device.

24. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, subsequent to receiving the indication that the change was successful, automatically reverting to the first state or a default state after a threshold amount of time has passed.

25. The method of claim 1 , further comprising automatically causing a communication link between the user device and a server receiving the request to timeout after a threshold amount of time has passed since (i) the communication link was established, or (ii) an authentication of the user device was performed by the server.

26. A computing device of enabling voice control of an optically switchable device, the computing device comprising: a communication interface; a memory; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the communication interface and the memory and configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-25.

27. A system comprising one or more communicatively coupled computing devices configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-25.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein controller comprises a server executed in the cloud, a device at the facility, or both.

29. An apparatus or system having means for performing the method of any one of claims 1-25.

30. A non- transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising code for performing the method of any one of claims 1-25.

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