Kinetic faÇade system and method

Abstract

A kinetic façade apparatus for a building is provided. The apparatus includes a rotatable panel rotatably fixed to the building. The apparatus includes a photovoltaic (PV) panel in electrical communication with a pneumatic pump. A pneumatic chamber is in flow communication with the pneumatic pump. The PV panel generates an electric current based on sunlight incident on the PV panel. The pneumatic pump transmits fluid to inflate the pneumatic chamber based on the electric current received from the PV panel. The pneumatic chamber shifts a position of a portion of the rotatable panel based on the inflation of the pneumatic chamber. The rotatable panel rotates from a first position to a second position relative to the building based on the shift in the position of the portion of the rotatable panel.

Description

KINETIC FACADE SYSTEM AND METHODCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 582,339, filed September 13, 2023, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) and 35 U.S.C. §120.BACKGROUND

[0002] There a number of conventional kinetic components that can be used with buildings. These well-known kinetic components typically involve the use of motors or actuators to move components of the buildings (e.g. windows). Such conventional kinetic components use an internal power source (e.g. battery) to drive the motors or actuators. Additionally, such kinetic components can also use environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, moisture level, etc.) as a factor in moving the components of the building.

[0003] Conventional kinetic components that are used to move components of buildings also frequently feature a multiplicity of components that work together to facilitate movement of a component (e.g. window) of the building.SUMMARY

[0004] Techniques are provided for a kinetic facade system and method to facilitate the movement of one or more components of a building. The inventors of the present invention recognized several drawbacks of conventional kinetic facade systems that are used to facilitate movement of building components. For example, such conventional systems typically feature motors or actuators to move the components of the building, which require an independent power source, such as a battery. In another example, in addition to requiring an independent power source the inventors of the present invention recognized that such conventional systems require a multiplicity of components that interact to achieve the movement of the building components. The inventors recognized that such conventionalsystems have increased cost due to requiring independent power sources and are dependent on such independent power sources in order to properly function. The inventors also recognized that such conventional systems have increased maintenance cost, since upon any one of the multiplicity of components malfunctioning the system would have to be shut down until such components are repaired.

[0005] The present inventors developed the kinetic facade system and method disclosed herein to overcome the above noted drawbacks of conventional systems, including the requirement of an independent power source and the necessity of a multiplicity of components. Thus, in some embodiments, the kinetic facade system disclosed herein does not require an independent power source and is limited to a small number of components, thereby minimizing the maintenance cost and reliance on independent power sources.

[0006] In a first set of embodiments, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a panel that is fixed to a building and is configured to move relative to the building from a first position to a second position. The apparatus also includes a photovoltaic (PV) panel and a pneumatic pump in electrical communication with the PV panel. The apparatus also includes a pneumatic chamber in flow communication with the pneumatic pump. The PV panel is configured to generate an electric current based on sunlight incident on the PV panel. The pneumatic pump is configured to transmit fluid to inflate the pneumatic chamber based on the electric current received from the PV panel. The pneumatic chamber is configured to shift a position of a portion of the panel based on the inflation of the pneumatic chamber. The panel is configured to move from the first position to the second position based on the shift in the position of the portion of the panel.

[0007] In a second set of embodiments, a system is provided that includes a plurality of apparatuses of the first set of embodiments mounted on a side of a building.

[0008] In a third set of embodiments, a method is provided. The method includes fixing a panel to a building such that the frame is configured to move relative to the building from a first position to a second position. The method also includes generating, from a photovoltaic (PV) panel, electric current (PV) panel based on sunlight incident on the PV panel. The method also includes transmitting, from a pneumatic pump, fluid to a pneumatic chamberbased on the pneumatic pump receiving the electric current from the generating step. The method also includes inflating the pneumatic chamber based on the pneumatic chamber receiving the fluid from the transmitting step. The method also includes shifting, with the pneumatic chamber, a position of a portion of the panel based on the inflating step. The method also includes moving the panel from the first position to the second position based on the shifting step.

[0009] Still other aspects, features, and advantages are readily apparent from the following detailed description, simply by illustrating a number of particular embodiments and implementations, including the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention. Other embodiments are also capable of other and different features and advantages, and its several details can be modified in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Embodiments are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:

[0011] FIG. 1A is an image that illustrates an example of a side of a building with a plurality of kinetic facade apparatuses, according to an embodiment;

[0012] FIGS. IB and 1C are images that illustrate an example of the kinetic facade apparatus on the side of the building in FIG. 1A in a first and second position, according to an embodiment;

[0013] FIGS. ID and IE are images that illustrate an example of a block diagram of a kinetic facade apparatus for a side of a building, according to an embodiment;

[0014] FIGS. IF through 1H are images that illustrate an example of a block diagram of a kinetic facade apparatus for a side of a building, according to an embodiment;

[0015] FIGS. 2A and 2B are images that illustrate an example of the kinetic facade apparatus in FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment;

[0016] FIG. 2C is an image that illustrates an example of a top hinge of the kinetic fagade apparatus of FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to an embodiment;

[0017] FIGS. 2D through 2F are images that illustrate an example of a bottom hinge of the kinetic facade apparatus of FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to an embodiment;

[0018] FIGS. 3 A through 3C are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade apparatus in FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment;

[0019]

[0020] FIGS. 4A and 4B are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system including a plurality of the apparatuses of FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment;

[0021] FIGS. 5A and 5B are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system including a plurality of the apparatuses of FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment;

[0022] FIGS . 6 A through 6E are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system including a plurality of the apparatuses of FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment;

[0023] FIGS. 7A through 7D are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system including a plurality of the apparatuses of FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment;

[0024] FIGS. 8 A and 8B are images that illustrate a variant example of a side of a building with a plurality of kinetic facade apparatuses, according to an embodiment;

[0025] FIGS. 9 A and 9B arc images that illustrate a variant example of a side of a building with a plurality of kinetic facade apparatuses, according to an embodiment; and

[0026] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram that illustrates an example of a method for providing a kinetic facade apparatus for a building, according to one embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] A method and apparatus are described for providing one or more kinetic facade components for a building. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-knownstructures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

[0028] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope are approximations, the numerical values set forth in specific non-limiting examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements at the time of this writing. Furthermore, unless otherwise clear from the context, a numerical value presented herein has an implied precision given by the least significant digit. Thus a value 1.1 implies a value from 1.05 to 1.15. The term ’’about” is used to indicate a broader range centered on the given value, and unless otherwise clear from the context implies a broader rang around the least significant digit, such as “about 1.1” implies a range from 1.0 to 1.2. If the least significant digit is unclear, then the term “about” implies a factor of two, e.g., “about X” implies a value in the range from 0.5X to 2X, for example, about 100 implies a value in a range from 50 to 200. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "less than 10" for a positive only parameter can include any and all subranges between (and including) the minimum value of zero and the maximum value of 10, that is, any and all sub-ranges having a minimum value of equal to or greater than zero and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10, e.g., 1 to 4.

[0029] Some embodiments of the invention are described below in the context of kinetic facade components and systems for buildings. However, the invention is not limited to this context. In other embodiments, the invention is described in the context of kinetic facade components that allow for shading of a faqade while still allowing light and / or air to move through them. Additionally, in still other embodiments, when in a secure, closed position, the invention can serve as a storm shutter (e.g., hurricane shutter for buildings), providing protection from wind-borne debris and precipitation.1 , Overview

[0030] FIG. 1 A is an image that illustrates an example of a side 11 of a building 10 with a plurality of kinetic facade apparatuses 100, according to an embodiment. Each kineticfacadc apparatus 100 is mounted to the side 11 of the building 10. In one embodiment, each kinetic facade apparatus 100 can move from a first position (e.g. closed position 101) to a second position (e.g. open position 102). In one embodiment, the kinetic facade component100 is a shading system or shading component (e.g., window) that can be moved from the first to the second position. The kinetic facade apparatus 100 can be moved from the closed position 101 to the open position 102 or from the open position 102 to the closed position101 depending on one or more environmental factors (e.g. sunlight incident on the component). In this embodiment, the kinetic facade apparatus 100 is moved to the closed position 101 when sunlight is incident on the apparatus 100, in order to provide shade to the interior of the building 10 and / or to reduce the heat of incident sunlight in the interior of the building 10. In an example embodiment, this arrangement of closing the apparatus 100 based on incident sunlight is provided during warm months of the year when the temperature is above a threshold temperature.

[0031] In another embodiment, the kinetic facade apparatus 100 is moved to the open position 102 when sunlight is incident on the apparatus 100, in order to provide heat to the interior of the building 10. In an example embodiment, this arrangement of opening the apparatus 100 based on incident sunlight is provided during colder months of the year when the temperature is below a threshold temperature.

[0032] FIGS. IB and 1C are images that illustrate an example of the kinetic facade apparatus 100 on the side 11 of the building 10 in FIG. 1 A in the first and second positions, according to an embodiment. The kinetic facade apparatus 100 includes a fixed frame 112 that is mounted to the side 11 of the building 10 and a panel 110 that is movably fixed to the fixed frame 112. In some embodiments, the panel 110 is a rotatable panel that is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame 112. In other embodiments, the panel 110 is a translatable panel that is slidably or translatably fixed to the fixed frame 112 such that the panel 110 is slidable or translatable relative to the fixed frame 112. The rotatable panel 110 is configured to rotate (e.g. about rotational axis 115) relative to the fixed frame 112 from a first position (e.g. closed position 101) to a second position (e.g. open position 102) and vice versa (from the second position back to the first position). Although FIGS. IB and 1C depict that theapparatus 100 includes the fixed frame 112, in other embodiments the apparatus 100 excludes the fixed frame such that the apparatus 100 includes the rotatable panel 110 that is rotatably fixed to the building 10 (e.g. rotatably fixed within an opening defined by the side 11 of the building 10). Additionally, in other embodiments the apparatus 100 includes a translatable panel 110 that is slidably or translatably fixed to the building 10 such that the panel 110 can be translated relative to the building 10 and / or fixed frame 112 from a first position (covering the opening 118) to a second position (not covering the opening 118).

[0033] As shown in FIGS. IB and 1C, in an embodiment the fixed frame 112 defines a plane 117 having an opening 118 in which the rotatable panel 110 is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame 112. In the first position (e.g. closed position 101 of FIG. IB), the rotatable panel 110 is aligned with the plane 117 whereas in the second position (e.g. open position 102 of FIG. 1C) the rotatable panel 110 is angled (e.g. 90 degrees) relative to the plane 117 in the second position 102. In an example embodiment, the open position 102 of FIG. 1C depicts the rotatable panel 110 angled at about 90 degrees relative to the plane 117, however in other embodiments the open position can feature the rotatable panel 110 angled at any non-zero angle (e.g. between about 1 degree and about 89 degrees) relative to the plane 117. In this embodiment, where the first position is the closed position 101 and the second position is the open position 102, the rotatable panel 110 is configured to rotate from the closed position 101 to the open position 102 based on one or more criteria (e.g. sunlight incident on the apparatus 100, thereby rotating the panel 110 to the open position 102 facilitates permitting sunlight into the building 10 interior, such as during colder months of the year).

[0034] In other embodiments, where the first position is the open position 102 and the second position is the closed position 101, the rotatable panel 110 is configured to rotate from the open position 102 to the closed position 101 based on one or more criteria (e.g. sunlight incident on the apparatus 100, thereby rotating the panel 110 to the closed position 102 facilitates shading the building 10 interior and / or reducing the sunlight reaching the building 10 interior, such as during warmer months of the year).

[0035] As shown in FIGS. IB and 1C, in an embodiment the rotatable panel 110 is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame 112 based on a top hinge 114 to rotatably fix a top of the rotatablepanel 110 to the fixed frame 112 and a bottom hinge 116 to rotatably fix a bottom of the rotatable panel 110 to the fixed frame 112. In an embodiment, the top hinge 114 and the bottom hinge 116 are aligned with a center of a width of the rotatable panel 110 and / or a center of a width of the fixed frame 112. In some embodiments, the top and bottom hinges 114, 116 are arranged such that the top hinge 114 supports a majority (e.g. over 50% and / or in a range from about 50% to about 99%) of a weight of the rotatable panel 110 and the bottom hinge 116 supports a minority (e.g. less than 50% and / or in a range from about 1% to about 40%) of the weight of the rotatable panel 110. The inventors of the present invention recognized that this advantageously simplifies the structure of the apparatus 100 in terms of achieving rotation of the rotatable panel 110 with minimal force, minimal components and / or using natural sources of energy (e.g. sunlight).

[0036] FIGS. ID and IE are images that illustrate an example of a block diagram of a kinetic facade apparatus 100 for a side 11 of a building 10, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the apparatus 100 includes a photovoltaic (PV) panel 120 and a pneumatic pump 122 in electrical communication with the PV panel 120. The dotted lines in FIG. ID depict electrical communication channels 125 (e.g. electric cables / wires, electric wireless signals, etc.) between the PV panel 120 and the pneumatic pump 122. The PV panel 120 is configured to generate an electric current based on sunlight 121 incident on the PV panel 120. The electric current is transmitted along the electrical communication lines 125 based on the sunlight 121 incident on the PV panel 120. In an example embodiment, the PV panel 120 is a panel that is similar to the Soshine® Mini Solar Panel, manufactured by Soshine® (Shenzhen, Guangdong) and has the following specs: Table 1Material: Monocrystalline SiliconItem Dimensions LxWxH: 10.6 x 6.9 x 0.1 InchesWeight: 8.82 OuncesConnector Type: USBAC Adapter Current: 1000 MilliampsMaximum Voltage: 5 VMaximum Power: 6 WManufacturer: SOSHINEModel Number: sc5v6wFeature: WaterproofIn another example embodiment, the pneumatic pump 122 is a pump that is similar to the Yokosea® USB Aquarium Air Pump, manufactured by Yokosea® and has the following specs:Table 2Brand; YOKOSEADimension LxWxH: 2.7 x 1.18 x 1.18 InchProduct Number: B08CSP4HTZWeight: 4.8 OuncePower: 1 W

[0037] In an embodiment, the apparatus 100 also includes a pneumatic chamber 124 in flow communication with the pneumatic pump 122. The sold lines (3.5 point width) in FIG. ID depict the pneumatic channel 127 (e.g. air tube) between the pneumatic pump 122 and the pneumatic chamber 124. In one embodiment, the pneumatic pump 122 is configured to transmit fluid along the pneumatic channel 127 to inflate the pneumatic chamber 124 based on the electric current received from the PV panel 120. In an example embodiment, the pneumatic chamber 124 is an air bag that is similar to the Sufford® Air Wedge Bag, manufactured by Sufford® and has the following specs:Table 3Brand: SUFFORDPart Number: 189017Dimension: 10.7 x 5.1 InchMax Load: 500 PoundsMax Inflated Gap: 3 InchMaterial: 840 D NylonIn another example embodiment, the pneumatic chamber 124 is an air bag that is similar to the Air Pressure Cuff for Children®, manufactured by Llifemed Co., Ltd.

[0038] In an embodiment, the pneumatic chamber 124 is configured to apply force to a component 126 of the rotatable panel 110 based on the inflation of the pneumatic chamber 124. In this embodiment, the pneumatic chamber 124 is configured to shift a position of the component 126 of the rotatable panel 110. The pneumatic chamber 124 is arranged such thatinflation of the pneumatic chamber 124 shifts the position of the rotatable panel component 126.

[0039] In an embodiment, based on the shift in the position of the rotatable panel component 126, the rotatable panel 110 is configured to rotate from the first position (e.g. closed position 101, open position 102) to the second position (e.g. open position 102, closed position 101). Accordingly, the sunlight 121 incident on the PV panel 120 of the apparatus 100 causes the rotatable panel 110 to rotate from the first position to the second position.

[0040] In an embodiment, the apparatus 100 is also designed so that when sunlight 121 is no longer incident on the PV panel 120, the rotatable panel 110 rotates back from the second position (e.g. open position 102, closed position 101) to the first position (e.g. closed position 101, open position 102). FIG. IE depicts this arrangement. A fluid release valve 128 is provided in the apparatus 100 and is in flow communication with the pneumatic chamber 124. When sunlight 121 is no longer incident on the PV panel 120, the electric current is no longer generated along the electric communication channel 125 to the pneumatic pump 122. The pneumatic pump 122 then stops transmitting fluid (e.g. air) along the pneumatic channel 127 (e.g. air tube) to the pneumatic chamber 124. The pneumatic chamber 124 then releases fluid along a fluid communication line 127 (e.g. air tube) through the fluid release valve 128, resulting in deflation of the pneumatic chamber 124. This deflation of the pneumatic chamber 124 results in a reversal of the shift in the rotatable panel component 126. This reversal of the shift in the rotatable panel component 126 then causes the rotatable panel 110 to rotate back from the second position (e.g. open position 102) to the first position (e.g. closed position 101).

[0041] As shown in FIGS. ID and IE, in some embodiments the apparatus 100 excludes an independent power source (e.g. electrical power source, such as a battery). The inventors of the present invention recognized that this advantageously simplifies the apparatus, in terms of minimizing the time and cost of maintenance as well as reducing the dependency of the operation of the apparatus on a power source.

[0042] The apparatus 100 discussed above in FIGS. ID and IE features the fluid release valve 128 which may cause air to deflate from the pneumatic chamber 124 during inflation ofpneumatic chamber 124. Thus, in order to inflate the pneumatic chamber 124 in FIGS. ID and IE, in some embodiments the pneumatic pump 122 inflates air into the pneumatic chamber 124 at a faster rate than air is released from the pneumatic chamber 124 through the fluid release valve 128. The inventors of the present invention recognized that in order to optimize the efficiency of the apparatus 100, it would be advantageous to close the fluid release valve 128 during inflation of the pneumatic chamber 124. Thus, in these embodiments the inventors of the present invention developed an improved apparatus 100’ depicted in FIGS. IF and 1G which closes the fluid release valve 128 during inflation of the pneumatic chamber 124.

[0043] FIGS. IF and 1G are images that illustrate an example of a block diagram of a kinetic facade apparatus 100’ for a side of a building, according to an embodiment. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. IF and 1G the apparatus 100’ features the same components as the apparatus 100 in addition to the components discussed herein. In one example embodiment, the apparatus 100’ features a solenoid valve 130 in electrical communication with the PV panel 120 and the fluid release valve 128. In these embodiments, the solenoid valve 130 is configured to transmit a signal to the fluid release valve 128 to close the fluid release valve 128 based on the solenoid valve 130 receiving electric current from the PV panel 120. Hence FIG. IF depicts the solenoid valve 130 transmitting this signal to the fluid release valve 128, causing the fluid release valve 128 to close during inflation of the pneumatic chamber 124. This advantageously enhances the efficiency of the apparatus 100’, since air is not released from the pneumatic chamber 124 as the pneumatic pump 122 is inflating the pneumatic chamber 124.

[0044] FIG. 1G is an image that depicts the apparatus 100’ during deflation of the pneumatic chamber 124. As shown in FIG. 1G, in some embodiments when sunlight 121 is no longer incident on the PV panel 120, electric current is not sent from the PV panel 120 to the pneumatic pump 122 and the solenoid valve 130. Consequently, the solenoid valve 130 does not transmit the signal to the fluid release valve 128 and thus the fluid release valve 128 opens. This advantageously facilitates deflation of the pneumatic chamber 124.

[0045] The apparatus 100 discussed above in FIGS. ID and IE are automated based on whether sunlight 121 is incident on the PV panel 120 or not. This advantageously minimizes the number of components of the apparatus 100 and permits the apparatus 100 to automatically cause the rotatable panel 110 to either rotate from the first to the second position (e.g. closed position 101 to open position 102, or open position 102 to closed position 101) based on whether sunlight 121 is incident on the PV panel 120. However, the inventors of the present invention recognized that in some scenarios, a user may want to manually override the automated operation of the apparatus 100. For example, if sunlight 1 1 incident on the PV panel 120 causes the apparatus 100 to rotate the panel 110 to the closed position 101, the user may want the panel 110 to instead be in the open position 102 (e.g. if the temperature is relatively mild during colder months of the year). Hence the inventors of the present invention developed the apparatus 100’ of FIGS. IF and 1G with the controller 123 that is in communication with the PV panel 120 and the pneumatic pump 122. In some embodiments, the controller 123 is a wireless controller in wireless communication with the PV panel 120 and pneumatic pump 122 (e.g. smartphone or remote control or wireless transceiver in possession of a user or a remote panel accessible by the user). In an example embodiment, the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit a first signal to the pneumatic pump 122 to stop transmission of fluid to the pneumatic chamber 124 resulting in deflation of the pneumatic chamber 124 and rotation of the rotatable panel from the second position (e.g. closed position 101, open position 102) to the first position (e.g. open position 102, closed position 101).

[0046] FIGS. IF and 1G also depict that in some embodiments, one or more components of the apparatus 100’ are mounted to the rotatable panel 110. FIGS. 2A and 2B depict an example embodiment of such an arrangement and will now be discussed herein.

[0047] FIG. 1H depicts an arrangement showing how one or more components of the apparatus 100, 100’ operate based on cloudy conditions or sunny conditions.

[0048] FIGS. 2A and 2B are images that illustrate an example of the kinetic facade apparatus 200 in FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment. It should be noted that the apparatus 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B includes similar components as the apparatus 100, 100’ (withnumber references similarly numbered with the exception of the first digit, i.e., 2 instead of 1). Those components of the apparatus 200 that are new or different from the apparatus 100, 100’ are discussed in greater detail herein. As shown in FIG. 2A in some embodiments the rotatable panel 210 features louvres 250 (e.g. horizontally oriented) whose position can be varied based on a joint 252. Thus, in these embodiments a user can vary an orientation of the louvres 250 to a desired position (e.g. open or closed) depending on user preference. For example, during warm summer months the user may adjust the louvres 250 to a closed position such that when the rotatable panel 210 is in the closed position 101 the interior of the building 10 is shaded from the incident sunlight. Although horizontally oriented louvres 250 are depicted in FIG. 2A in other embodiments vertically oriented louvres are provided in the rotatable panel 210.

[0049] As shown in FIGS. 2 A and 2B, in some embodiments one or more components of the apparatus 200 are mounted to the rotatable panel 210. In one embodiment, the pneumatic chamber is an air bag 224 is mounted to the rotatable panel 210. The rotatable panel component that is moved by the inflated air bag 224 is a plate 256. The air bag 224 is operatively connected to the plate 256 such that inflation of the air bag 224 causes a shift in the position of the plate 256. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, in some embodiments multiple air bags 224 arc used to evenly distribute the air bags 224 along the plate 256 to ensure uniform shifting in the position of the plate 256 over the length of the plate 256.

[0050] In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the pneumatic pump is an air pump 222 and the PV panel 220 and air pump 222 are mounted to the rotatable panel 210. In an example embodiment, the PV panel 220 and air pump 222 are mounted to an outer frame 259 of the rotatable panel 210 (e.g. made with a metal tube such as 2.5” x 1.5”).

[0051] As further shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, in some embodiments the rotatable panel 210 is rotatable relative to the fixed frame 212 about a rotational axis 215. In an embodiment, the plate 256 is moved in a direction 219 that is parallel to or along the rotational axis 215, based on inflation of the air bag 224. The apparatus 200 also features other components to facilitate the shift in the plate 256, such as linear bearings 258 that ensure that the plate 256moves in the direction 219 that is parallel to or along the rotational axis 215 of the rotatable panel 210.

[0052] FIG. 2C is an image that illustrates an example of a top hinge 214 of the kinetic facade apparatus 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the rotatable panel 210 is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame 212 based on the top hinge 214 to rotatably fix a top of the rotatable panel 210 to the fixed frame 212 such that a majority (e.g. in a range between about 50% to about 90% or between about 60% and 99%) of the weight of the rotatable panel 210 is supported by the top hinge 214. As shown in FIG. 2C in some embodiments the top hinge 214 includes a threaded rod 270 with external threads and a mount 271 defining an opening with internal threads configured to engage the external threads of the threaded rod 270. In an example embodiment, the mount 271 is secured to an internal surface of the top of the fixed frame 212 whereas the threaded rod 270 is secured to a top of the rotatable frame 210. However, in other embodiments the mount 271 could be secured to the top of the rotatable frame 210 and the threaded rod 270 could be secured to the internal surface of the top of the fixed frame 212. The inventors of the present invention recognized that it is advantageous to have the top hinge 214 support a majority of the weight of the rotatable panel 210, so to minimize the weight that is needed to be supported by the bottom hinge 216 which facilitates the use of the bottom hinge 216 to initiate rotation of the rotatable panel 210.

[0053] FIGS. 2D through 2F are images that illustrate an example of a bottom hinge 216 of the kinetic facade apparatus 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to an embodiment. As previously disclosed, the bottom hinge 216 is provided to rotatably fix a bottom of the rotatable panel 210 to the fixed frame 212. As shown in FIGS. 2D through 2F, in an embodiment the bottom hinge 216 includes a pin 272 and a spiral-shaped slit 274 configured to slidably receive the pin 272. The pin 272 is operatively connected with a shaft 273 to the plate 256 that is shifted by the inflation of the air bag 224. As previously discussed, inflation of the air bag 224 causes the plate 256 to move in the direction 219 that is parallel to the rotational axis 215. Consequently, since the pin 272 is operatively connected to the plate 256, the pin 272 is also moved in the direction 219. Hence, the shift in the position of theplate 256 causes the pin 272 to move within the spiral- shaped slit 274 and follow the spiralshaped path of the slit 274. Since the pin 272 is operatively connected to the plate 256 and the rotatable panel 210, the rotation of the pin 272 within the spiral-shaped slit 274 causes a corresponding rotation of the panel 210 from the first position (e.g. closed position 101) to the second position (e.g. open position 102).

[0054] FIG. 2F is an image that depicts an example embodiment of the spiral shaped slit that has two different shaped slits 274, 274’ that are adjacent to each other. In this example embodiment, one of the shaped slits 274 is used to achieve one type of rotation of the rotatable panel 210 (e.g. from the closed position 101 to the open position 102) based on upward movement of the pin 272 within the shaped slit 274. In another example embodiment, another of the shaped slits 274’ is used to achieve a different type of rotation of the rotatable panel 210 (e.g. from the open position 102 to the closed position 101) based on upward movement of the pin 272 within the shaped slit 274’. In one example embodiment, various factors may be used to determine which of the spiral-shaped slits 274, 274’ to use, for example the time of year (e.g. spiral-shaped slit 274 during winter time and spiral-shaped slit 274’ during summer time). Thus, in these embodiments the spiral shaped slit 274, 274’ determines the rotation direction and / or the rotation speed of the rotatable panel 210. In an example embodiment, a curvature or slope of each of the slits 274, 274’ determines the rotation speed (e.g. amount of degrees of rotation for each unit of displacement of the plate 256 in the direction 291).

[0055] FIGS. 3 A through 3C are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade apparatus 300 in FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment. It should be noted that the apparatus 300 of FIGS. 3A through 3C includes similar components as the apparatus 100, 100’ (with number references similarly numbered with the exception of the first digit, i.e., 3 instead of 1). Those components of the apparatus 300 that are new or different from the apparatus 100, 100’ are discussed in greater detail herein.

[0056] In some embodiments, the apparatus 200 discussed with respect to FIGS. 2A and 2B features a single PV panel 220 along a side of the rotatable panel 210. However, the inventors of the present invention recognized that it may be advantageous to include multiplePV panels on the rotatable panel, so that sunlight 121 is incident on at least one PV panel of the apparatus, regardless of whether the rotatable panel is in the closed position 101 or the open position 102.

[0057] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 A through 3C the apparatus 300 features multiple PV panels 320a, 320b such as one PV panel 320a along a side 375 of the rotatable panel 310 and another PV panel(s) 320b along a width 377 of the rotatable panel 310. In one example embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3C the PV panel 320b can be mounted to one of the louvres 250 along the width 377 of the rotatable panel 310. The inventors of the present invention recognized that this arrangement of multiple PV panels 320a, 320b ensures that at least one of the PV panels receives sunlight 121 that is incident on the apparatus 300. In an example embodiment, the PV panel 320a along the side 375 of the rotatable panel 310 will receive sunlight 121 incident on the apparatus 300 when the rotatable panel 310 is in the open position 102. In another example embodiment, the PV panel(s) 320b along the width 377 of the rotatable panel 310 will receive sunlight 121 incident on the apparatus 300 when the rotatable panel 310 is in the closed position 101.

[0058] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A through 3C the fixed frame 312 is rectangular shaped with a rectangular opening and the rotatable panel 310 is rectangular shaped and configured to fit within the rectangular opening of the fixed frame 312. However, the fixed frame and rotatable panel of the apparatus are not limited to being rectangular shaped. In other embodiments, non-rectangular shaped fixed frames and rotatable panels are disclosed, such as trapezoidal shaped (FIGS. 8A and 8B) and polygon (e.g. hexagon) shaped (FIGS. 9A and 9B).

[0059] As previously disclosed, in some embodiments the pneumatic chamber (e.g. air bag 224) is configured to shift a component of the rotatable panel (e.g. plate 256) in the direction 219 along or parallel to the rotational axis 215 of the rotatable panel 210. This shift in the position of the rotatable panel component then facilitates or causes rotation of the rotatable panel 210 from the first position to the second position. However, the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the pneumatic chamber shifting a component of the rotatable panel in a direction along or parallel to the rotational axis of the rotatable panel. Inother embodiments, the pneumatic chamber is configured to shift a position of the rotatable panel component in a direction that is angled (e.g. 90 degrees) relative to the rotational axis of the rotatable panel, where the shift also facilitates or causes rotation of the rotatable panel.

[0060] In some embodiments, a system that includes multiple apparatuses as disclosed above is provided. For example, FIG. 1A depicts such a system with multiple apparatuses 100 secured to the side 11 of the building 10. In one embodiment, the system can be individually controlled such that each respective apparatus of the system is individually controlled. By “individually controlled” it is meant that each respective apparatus of the system opens or closes based on whether or not sunlight is incident on each respective apparatus. FIGS. 4A and 4B are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system 400 including a plurality of the rotatable panels 410a, 410b, 410c each having louvres 450, according to an embodiment. It should be noted that the system 400 of FIG. 4A includes similar components as the apparatus 100, 100’ (with number references similarly numbered with the exception of the first digit, i.e., 4 instead of 1). Those components of the system 400 that are new or different from the apparatus 100, 100’ are discussed in greater detail herein. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, each rotatable panel 410a, 410b, 410c features a respective PV panel 420, a respective pneumatic pump 422 and a respective pneumatic chamber 424. Also, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the system 400 features a user controller 421 that is used to control all of the rotatable panels by controlling each of the respective PV panels 420 and pneumatic pumps 422.

[0061] In other embodiments, a system is provided that features a central controlled system where only one PV panel and one pneumatic pump is provided for all rotatable panels of the system. FIGS. 5 A and 5B are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system 500 including a plurality of rotatable panels 510a through 5 lOh. It should be noted that the system 500 of FIG. 5 includes similar components as the apparatus 100, 100’ (with number references similarly numbered with the exception of the first digit, i.e., 5 instead of 1). Those components of the system 500 that arc new or different from the apparatus 100, 100’ are discussed in greater detail herein. In the embodiment of FIGS. 5A and 5B, a single PV panel 520 is provided (e.g. on a roof of the building) and a single pneumatic pump 522 isprovided which together supply the fluid (e.g. air) to the respective pneumatic chamber of each rotatable panel 510 of the system 500. As shown in FIG. 5B in one embodiment the single pneumatic pump 522 provides fluid through multiple pneumatic tubes 560a, 560b, 560c to the respective pneumatic chamber (e.g. air bag 524) for each rotatable panel 510. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, one user controller 521a is used to manually control one group of the rotatable panels 510a through 510d whereas another user controller 521b is used to manually control one group of the rotatable panels 510e through 510h. In other embodiments, a single controller can manually control each of the rotatable panels 510a through 51 Oh.

[0062] In some of the previously discussed embodiments of the apparatus, one or more pneumatic chambers 124 are used for each rotatable panel 110. For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, in some embodiments multiple air bags 224 are used to lift the plate 256 in order to rotate the rotatable panel 210. However, in other embodiments, a system is disclosed where one or more pneumatic chambers 124 is not needed for each rotatable panel and thus the number of pneumatic chambers 124 in the system can be less than the number of rotatable panels 110. The inventors recognized that such an arrangement would be advantageous as it would be more efficient since a pneumatic chamber 124 would not be required for each rotatable panel 110. In some embodiments, this arrangement may be employed for smaller sized rotatable panels than those of the apparatus 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example.

[0063] FIGS. 6 A through 6E are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system 600 including a plurality of the apparatuses of FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6C, in the system 600 a weight tube 7 is provided where an air bag 6 is positioned on opposite ends of the weight tube 7 (e.g. underneath each opposite end of the weight tube 7). Upon inflation of the air bag 6 at each end of the weight tube 7, the weight tube 7 rises in a vertical direction. A guide clamp 8 is provided at each end of the weight tube 7 to ensure that upon inflation of the air bags 6 at either end of the weight tube 7, the weight tube 7 rises in a straight vertical direction. Each rotatable panel 11 is mounted to the weight tube 7 using a spiral tube hinge 9 and a circular guide hole 10. As shown in FIG. 6C, in some embodiments the spiral tube hinge 9 features a spiral shaped slit similar to thespiral shaped slit 274 of FIGS. 2D and 2E. However, the spiral tube hinge 9 also features a straight vertical slot that is continuous with the spiral shaped slit. A pin of the circular guide hole 10 is received in the straight vertical slot and slides up along the spiral tube hinge 9 into the spiral shaped slit. The pin of the circular guide hole 10 may be integral with the weight tube 7. Thus, upon raising of the weight tube 7, the pin of the circular guide hole 10 moves within the spiral shaped slit of the spiral tube hinge 9 and causes rotation of the rotatable panel 11, in a similar manner as the movement of the pin 272 (FIG. 2E) within the spiralshaped slit 274 caused rotation of the rotatable panel 210. Although FIG. 6C just depicts one rotatable panel 11 attached to the weight tube 7, this is merely for ease of illustration and more than one rotatable panel 11 can be attached to the weight tube 7 between the air bags 6 at opposite ends of the weight tube 7. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, in one example embodiment three rotatable panels 11 are provided along the weight tube 7 and attached therewith in a similar manner as discussed with respect to the rotatable panel 11 of FIG. 6C above.

[0064] As further shown in FIG. 6C, in some embodiments the weight tube 7 features an equipment casing 12 to house one or more components of the system including the controller 2, the air pump 3, the air release valve 4 and the pneumatic tube 5 that are respectively similar to the controller 123, the pneumatic pump 122, fluid release valve 128 and pneumatic channel 127 of FIGS. ID through 1G. In an example embodiment the PV panel 1 which is similar to the PV panel 120 of FIGS. ID through 1G may be attached along a side of the weight tube 7. FIG. 6D depicts the system 600 in an open shading condition, similar to the open position 102 of FIG. 1C and the air bags 6 are not inflated. FIG. 6E depicts the system 100 in a closed shading condition, similar to the closed position 101 of FIG. IB and the air bags 6 are inflated which caused the rotatable panel(s) 11 to rotate from the open position of FIG. 6D to the closed position of FIG. 6E.

[0065] In some of the previously discussed embodiments of the apparatus, one or more rotatable panels 110 are configured to rotate about a vertical rotational axis 115, 215 (FIG. 1C, FIG. 2A). However, the inventors recognized that it would be advantageous to provide asystem featuring rotatable panels that are configured to rotate about a rotational axis (e.g. horizontal axis) other than the vertical rotational axis 115, 215.

[0066] FIGS. 7A through 7D are images that illustrate an example of a kinetic facade system 700 including a plurality of the apparatuses of FIGS. IB and 1C, according to an embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, in the system 700 a plurality of rotatable panels are configured to rotate about a horizontal axis 615 (FIG. 7C) from the closed position (FIG. 7A) to the open position (FIG. 7B).

[0067] As shown in FIGS. 7C and 7D, in one embodiment multiple rotatable panels 4 arc rotatably coupled to a frame such that the rotatable panels 4 are configured to rotate about the horizontal rotational axis 615. As shown in FIG. 7D, the frame includes a fixed frame portion 1 (e.g. metal post with base plate) and a movable frame portion 2 (e.g. weight tube) that is configured to move relative to the fixed frame portion 1. Each rotatable panel 4 is coupled to the frame using a rotatable clamp 3. The rotatable clamp 3 features multiple openings through which fasteners are secured to the frame. Some openings of the rotatable clamp 3 are aligned with the fixed frame portion 1 and other openings of the rotatable clamp 3 are aligned with the movable frame portion 2. Thus, when the fasteners are passed through the openings of the rotatable clamp 3, the rotatable clamp 3 (and the rotatable panel 4 attached thereto) is coupled to both the fixed frame portion 1 and the movable frame portion 2.

[0068] The movable frame portion 2 (e.g. metal tube) acts in a similar manner as the weight tube 7 of the system 600, such that inflation of the air bag 6 causes the movable frame portion 2 to move in an upward vertical direction. Upon upward movement of the movable frame portion 2 relative to the fixed frame portion 1, the rotatable clamp 3 and rotatable panel 4 both rotate about the horizontal axis 615, since the rotatable clamp 3 is coupled to both the fixed frame portion 1 and the movable frame portion 2. Consequently, relative movement between the movable frame portion 2 and fixed frame portion 1 results in rotation of the both the rotatable clamp 3 and consequently the rotatable panel 4 attached thereto. As with the apparatus 100, 100’ the system 700 features similar components including the PV panel 5 (similar to the PV panel 120); control circuit 6 (similar to the controller 123); airpump 7 (similar to the pneumatic pump 122); air release valve 8 (similar to fluid release valve 128); air bag 9 (similar to pneumatic chamber 124) and pneumatic tube 10 (similar to pneumatic channel 127). The system 700 also may feature an equipment casing 11 that is similar to the equipment casing 12 of the system 600. Although two rotatable panels 4 are depicted in FIGS. 7C and 7D attached to each frame, in other embodiments more than two rotatable panels 4 can be attached to each frame, such as more than ten panels 4 depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B. In some example embodiments, the inventors recognized that the system 700 would be particularly advantageous for smaller sized rotatable panels than the other systems 400, 500 where one air bag is employed for each rotatable panel.

[0069] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram that illustrates an example of a method 900 for providing a kinetic facade apparatus for a building, according to one embodiment. Although steps are depicted in FIG. 10 as integral steps in a particular order for purposes of illustration, in other embodiments, one or more steps, or portions thereof, are performed in a different order, or overlapping in time, in series or in parallel, or are omitted, or one or more additional steps are added, or the method is changed in some combination of ways.

[0070] In an embodiment, in a first step of the method 900 a fixed frame is mounted to a side of a building. In one example embodiment, the fixed frame 112 is mounted to the side 11 of the building 10. As previously discussed, in some embodiments the apparatus 100 excludes the fixed frame 112 and in these embodiments the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the building (e.g. within an opening defined by the side 11 of the building 10). Although some embodiments herein discuss the fixed frame and / or movable panel being attached to a side 11 of the building 10 in other embodiments the fixed frame and / or movable panel are secured to any portion of the building 10, including a roof of the building.

[0071] In an embodiment, in step 904 the movable panel is movably fixed to the fixed frame. In an example embodiment in step 904 the movable panel is a rotatable panel 110 that is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame 112 and is configured to rotate relative to the fixed frame 112 from a first position (e.g. closed position 101) to a second position (e.g. open position 103). In some embodiments, step 904 is performed prior to mounting the fixed frame to the building 10. In some embodiments, the apparatus 100 excludes the fixed frame 112 and inthese embodiments in step 904 the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the building 10 (e.g. within an opening defined by the side 11 of the building 10). In other embodiments, the panel is a movable panel other than a rotatable panel (e.g. translatable or slidable panel) and in this initial step 904 the movable panel is secured to the building such that it is movable (e.g. slidable or translatable) from a first position (e.g. closed position 101) to a second position (e.g. open position 103).

[0072] In an embodiment, in step 906 an electric current is generated from the PV panel based on sunlight incident on the PV panel. In an example embodiment, in step 906 the electric current is generated from the PV panel 120 based on sunlight 121 incident on the PV panel 120.

[0073] In an embodiment, in step 908 fluid is transmitted from the pneumatic pump to the pneumatic chamber based on the pneumatic pump receiving the electric current from the generating step. In one example embodiment, in step 908 air is transmitted from the pneumatic or air pump 122 to the pneumatic chamber 124 based on the pneumatic pump 122 receiving the electric current from the generating step 906. However, in other embodiments in step 908 any pneumatic fluid other than air may be transmitted from the pneumatic pump to the pneumatic chamber.

[0074] In an embodiment, in step 910 the pneumatic chamber is inflated based on the pneumatic chamber receiving the fluid in the transmitting step 908. In one embodiment, in step 910 the pneumatic chamber 124 is inflated based on the pneumatic chamber 124 receiving the fluid in the transmitting step 908.

[0075] In an embodiment, in step 912 the pneumatic chamber shifts a position of a portion of the rotatable panel based on the inflating step 910. In one embodiment, in step 901 the pneumatic chamber 124 shifts a position of a component (e.g. plate 256) of the rotatable panel 200 based on the inflating step 910.

[0076] In an embodiment, in step 914 the movable panel is moved from the first position to the second position based on the shifting step 912. In one example embodiment, in step 914 where the movable panel is a rotatable panel, the rotatable panel is rotated from the first position to the second position based on the shifting step 912. In one embodiment, in step914 the rotatable panel 110 is rotated from the first position (e.g. closed position 101, open position 102) to the second position (e.g. open position 102, closed position 101) based on the shifting step 912. In one example embodiment, the rotating in step 914 is achieved with the help of the spiral slit hinge 216 component.2, _ Example Embodiments

[0077] Some additional details of example embodiments of the apparatus 100’ of FIGS. IF and 1G are now presented. In an example embodiment, since the apparatus 100’ uses the inflation and deflation of the air bag 124 to operate the kinetic parts, it is important to find an efficient way to do so. In this example embodiment, the solar panel 120 is used as the only sensor for the whole system. Thus, each action of the apparatus 100’ is dependent on the power supply from the solar panel 120. The inventors recognized that it would be advantages if these power supply variations could be converted to an inflating and deflating signal. In an example embodiment, the apparatus 100’ uses the air pump 122 to convert the electric signal to the pneumatic signal. When the solar panel 120 provides sufficient power, the pump 122 pushes air and inflates the air bag 124. In this case the pump 122 works as a one-way valve, and it does not permit the air to get released. As a result, when the solar panel 120 reduces the power supply and the pump 122 stops working, the air bag 124 still remains inflated. In this example embodiment, if the air pump 122 would ideally release air when out of power. However, the inventors recognized that various air pumps that were tested did not meet this criterial. As an alternative solution the air release valve 128 was introduced in the apparatus 100’. In this example embodiment, the release valve 128 is set to a slightly opened condition. When the air pump 122 stops working, a small hole in the release valve 128 deflates the air bag 124. And when the air pump 122 gets power, the pump 122 pushes enough air that inflates the bag 124 overpowering the hole. This is a durable and simple solution but not highly efficient, because there is constant air loss from the apparatus 100’ and this restricts the weightlifting capacity of the air bag 124. The inventors performed a study by placing heavy objects over the air bag 124 and observing its weightlifting capability in different conditions. The inventors observed that the air bag 124 can lift significantly more weight when the air release valve 128 is in a closed state.

[0078] In one non-limiting example, a pin up board was placed over two air bags 124. An air pump 122 was connected to the air bags. When powered up, the air pump 122 could inflate the bags 124 and lift the board. Then a release valve 128 was introduced to the apparatus 100’. The valve 128 was set with a tiny aperture. But this time the pump 122 could not lift the board. When another air pump 122 was added to the same apparatus 100’, the combined effort of those two pumps 122 could lift up the board. In this example, this experiment indicated that the release valve 128 works but it limits the weightlifting capacity of the air bags 124. To solve the problem, the inventors introduced a switching valve and connected it to the apparatus 100’. In an example embodiment, there are 3-way solenoid valves that can control the air flow. And some of these valves require less power which can be supplied by a small solar panel. In this new approach, the inventors introduced a 6 volt normally open solenoid valve 130. When the solar panel 120 provides power, it turns on the air pump 122 and the solenoid valve 130. When powered on, the solenoid valve 130 closes the air release path and helps to inflate the air bag 124. While the solar panel 120 stops supplying power, the solenoid valve 130 opens up the air release way that deflates the air bag 124.

[0079] In an example embodiment, the solenoid valve 130 that was introduced in the apparatus 100’ operated with a very low current. This was initially problematic, since the solar panel 120 produces a certain amount of current even in overcast sky conditions. And this small amount of current was keeping the solenoid valve 130 turned on. The inventors then used another 12-volt solenoid to solve the problem with the hope that it will not run in lower electric current, but the issue persisted. An alternate solution was to use a variable register with the solenoid to control the amount of current. And this approach was successful. In this example embodiment, the fluid release valve 128 gets closed and opened depending on the sun condition.

[0080] Some additional details of example embodiments of the apparatus 100’ of FIGS. IF and 1G are now presented. In an example embodiment, the inventors recognized that the apparatus 100’ should include a control mechanism for the users. This control mechanism can be placed either in the electric signal portion 125 or the pneumatic portion 127. Whilesearching for an appropriate solution, a wireless control mechanism 123 was found. This circuit can be connected between the solar panel 120 and the air pump 122. This permits a user to wirelessly switch off the power and force open the shading panel 110. When the user turns on the controller 123, the kinetic panels 110 will follow its preprogrammed functions. While testing the wireless controller 123, the solenoid valve 130 was accidentally connected to the output power of the wireless controller 123. And interestingly it was working perfectly without variable resistance. The inventors reasoned that the wireless control circuit 123 likely provided the necessary adjustments for the operation of the solenoid valve 130.

[0081] Some additional details of example embodiments of the top hinge 214 and bottom hinge 216 design of the apparatus 100 are now discussed. During research , the inventors recognized that the solenoid valve 130 was working effectively. But the research tried to keep it simple and work with the air release valve 128 instead. The limitation of using the air release valve 128 is, the air bags 124 cannot lift heavy weight. The inventors reasoned that if the apparatus 100’ could find a way to minimize the necessary weight to lift up, the air release valve 128 might work. It is understood that if the shading panel 210 is designed as centrally supported, it will take less force to rotate it. While designing the new panel 210, it was decided that the whole panel 210 will hang from a bearing hinge 214 at top. The hinge 214 will be placed at the center to create a balanced condition. The air bags 224, weight, and the spiral slit hinge 216 will be placed at the bottom. This will make it easier to connect the pneumatic network system to the panels. The mechanical parts can be concealed in the outer frame. The weight will be made of a metal plate having the same width as the frame which will make it barely noticeable. The air bags 224 will take place between the weight plate 256 and the bottom frame. The air bags 224 also will be as wide as the frame. Because the greater surface area will apply more force for weightlifting work. At this point, several quick paper models were made to understand the framing details. The intention was to achieve a thin profile for the panel 210 which will give it a nice visual appearance. The framing was designed in a way that it can contain both horizontal louver system and solid metal plate. It was also important to find an efficient frame section that will make the panel 210 structurally stable and at the same time create spaces to house the mechanical parts.

[0082] In an example embodiment it was decided that the whole model will be made with metal sections as per the proposed drawing. It was recognized that three feet by three feet metal panel will have a significant weight. And this heavy panel will be suspended from the bearing hinge 214 at top. A bearing hinge 214 was found which is usually used in swings. The detail of the hinge seemed appropriate for the model except that it had a metal loop at the bottom. It was thought that the loop would be replaced by a threaded rod and nut. Another challenge was to find the spiral slit hinge 216 at bottom. In the study model, the hinge 216 was 3D printed. But the final model will be made of metal and will weigh a lot. It was doubted that the 3D printed hinge 216 will not take that much load. The 3D model was modified to thicken the joints where most load will be applied and was 3D printed in a full solid mode. This produced a good result and it seemed that it was hard enough to resist the load. Later at the time of installation it was surprising to find that the slit shrank in the middle making it narrower than designed. A new connection pin was used to address the issue.

[0083] Initially the plan was to make the whole model with metal sections. But because of the budget constraints, the metal tube at the middle of the frame was replaced by a wooden section. This alteration resulted in some changes in appearance and detail. Instead of welded joints, the metal sheets arc now connected to the middle section with screws. When the framework was done and both the hinges were in place, it was time to make the central shaft. This shaft is supposed to be connected to the spiral hinge 216 with a pin 272 at its end. Which means the shaft 273 needs a hole at its end. It was ordered along with the bearing hinge, and they matched in diameter. Now it was time to test if the whole theory would work or not. At first a wooden plank was used as the weight. The plank was screwed to the central shaft 273. All three linear bearings 258 were in place. It was time for testing. When the shaft 273 was inserted to the spiral slit hinge 216 and connected with the pin 272, the plank came down because of its weight and it turned. It turned along with the whole panel 210, as planned. After that, it was a matter of time to finish the model.. For the horizontal louvers 250, a perforated aluminum panel was used. These panels are used for vent covers. The eightfeet long panels were cut to the required size and folded at both ends to achieve the desired shape of the louvers 250.

[0084] Some additional details of example embodiments of the system 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B are now presented. In this operational method, each shading panel 410 contains a Photo Voltic panel 420, an air pump 422, and an air bag 424. Each panel 420 has the ability to operate independently. The user 421 has a wireless control to override the function of each panel 410. This system 400 can run in more precision because the panels 410 respond to the weather change at a certain point. For example, the shadow of a nearby tree can affect the operation of a particular panel 410a or panels, while the others 410b, 410c remain unchanged. As the panels 410 are independent, in case of malfunction, it becomes easy to identify and solve the problem. The only drawback of the system 400 is it requires more PV panels 410 and air pumps422 to operate. These parts can involve significant cost. But the price is within a reasonable limit. In the final research model, the PV panel 420 and air pump 422 costs approximately 35 dollars. This will add 1 dollar per square foot to the price of the shading panel 410 considering that the panel 410 size is 12 feet by 3 feet.

[0085] Some additional details of example embodiments of the system 500 of FIGS. 5 A and 5B are now presented. In one example embodiment, the facade system 500 can be operated under central control. In this method, a PV panel 520 and air pump 522 arc placed at a certain point in the building facing the facade direction. There is a network of air pipes 560 connecting the air pump 522 and the shading panels 510. Each shading panel 510 contains an air bag 524 that triggers the motion of the panel 510 depending on the air supply from the pump 522. Shading panels 510 are organized in groups. A user 521 has control over the operation of a certain group of panels 510. The user 521a, 521b can open a group of panels 510a-510d, 510e-510f by releasing air from the network. But the reverse function may not be not possible. Meaning that, in some embodiments a user cannot close a panel 510. Because that operation requires power, and the PV panel 520 cannot provide power in an open state when there is no sun. In some example embodiments, this function can be made possible by including a rechargeable battery in the system 500. However, in some embodiments, the inventors did not propose the inclusion of the battery as it may complicatethe process. In some embodiments, the aim of the research is to find a simple technique for the operation of the kinetic facade elements. This technique will allow kinetic elements to respond to weather elements in an efficient way involving less maintenance and cost. The technique will not restrict the design possibilities. In the proposed method, the system uses solar power as an operational force and sensor. In some embodiments, air pressure is used as a medium for sending the signals and triggering movement. In some embodiments, all these mechanical elements are concealed in the outer frame of the shading panel. In some embodiments, this provides freedom for the designer. It is possible to achieve different patterns and schemes in the facade using the same technology.

[0086] In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. Throughout this specification and the claims, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise” and its variations, such as “comprises” and “comprising,” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated item, element or step or group of items, elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other item, element or step or group of items, elements or steps. Furthermore, the indefinite article “a” or “an” is meant to indicate one or more of the item, element or step modified by the article.

[0087] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope are approximations, the numerical values set forth in specific non-limiting examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements at the time of this writing. Furthermore, unless otherwise clear from the context, a numerical value presented herein has an implied precision given by the least significant digit. Thus, a value 1.1 implies a value from 1.05 to 1.15. The term ’’about” is used to indicate a broader range centered on the given value, and unless otherwise clear from the context implies a broader range around the least significant digit, such as “about 1.1” implies a range from 1.0 to 1.2. If the least significant digit is unclear, then the term “about'implies a factor of two, e.g., “about X” implies a value in the range from 0.5X to 2X, for example, about 100 implies a value in a range from 50 to 200. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "less than 10" for a positive only parameter can include any and all subranges between (and including) the minimum value of zero and the maximum value of 10, that is, any and all sub-ranges having a minimum value of equal to or greater than zero and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10, e.g., 1 to 4.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising: a rotatable panel that is rotatably fixed to a building and is configured to rotate relative to the building from a first position to a second position; a photovoltaic (PV) panel; a pneumatic pump in electrical communication with the PV panel; and a pneumatic chamber in flow communication with the pneumatic pump; wherein the PV panel is configured to generate an electric current based on sunlight incident on the PV panel; wherein the pneumatic pump is configured to transmit fluid to inflate the pneumatic chamber based on the electric current received from the PV panel; wherein the pneumatic chamber is configured to shift a position of a portion of the rotatable panel based on the inflation of the pneumatic chamber; and wherein the rotatable panel is configured to rotate from the first position to the second position based on the shift in the position of the portion of the rotatable panel.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fixed frame configured to be mounted to a side of the building, wherein the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame and is configured to rotate relative to the fixed frame from the first position to the second position.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fluid release valve in flow communication with the pneumatic chamber; wherein the PV panel is configured to stop generating the electric current based on the sunlight not incident on the PV panel;wherein the pneumatic pump is configured to stop transmission of fluid to the pneumatic chamber based on the PV panel not generating the electric current; wherein the fluid release valve is configured to cause deflation of the inflated pneumatic chamber based on the fluid not transmitted to the pneumatic chamber; wherein the deflation of the pneumatic chamber is configured to reverse the shift of the position of the portion of the rotatable panel; and wherein the rotatable panel is configured to rotate from the second position to the first position based on the reverse of the shift in the position of the portion of the rotatable panel.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a solenoid valve in electrical communication with the PV panel and the fluid release valve; wherein the solenoid valve is configured to transmit a signal to the fluid release valve to close the fluid release valve based on the solenoid valve receiving electric current from the PV panel; and wherein the solenoid valve is configured to not transmit the signal to the fluid release valve to open the fluid release valve based on the solenoid valve not receiving electric current from the PV panel.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fixed frame defines a plane having an opening in which the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame; wherein the rotatable panel is aligned with the plane in the first position; and wherein the rotatable panel is angled relative to the plane in the second position.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fixed frame defines a plane having an opening in which the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame; wherein the rotatable panel is angled relative to the plane in the first position; and wherein the rotatable panel is aligned with the plane in the second position.

7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame based on a top hinge to rotatably fix a top of the rotatable panel to the fixed frame and a bottom hinge to rotatably fix a bottom of the rotatable panel to the fixed frame; wherein the top hinge and the bottom hinge are aligned with a center of a width of the rotatable panel and a center of a width of the fixed frame.

8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame based on a top hinge to rotatably fix a top of the rotatable panel to the fixed frame such that a majority of a weight of the rotatable panel is supported by the top hinge.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the top hinge comprises a threaded rod with external threads and a mount defining an opening with internal threads configured to engage the external threads of the threaded rod; wherein one of the threaded rod and mount are attached to the fixed frame and another of the threaded rod and mount are attached to the rotatable frame.

10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the rotatable panel is rotatable relative to the fixed frame about a rotational axis; and wherein the shift in the position of the portion of the rotatable panel is in a direction that is parallel to the rotational axis.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame based on a bottom hinge to rotatably fix a bottom of the rotatable panel to the fixed frame; wherein the bottom hinge comprises a pin and a spiral-shaped slit configured to slidably receive the pin; wherein the pin is operatively connected to the portion of the rotatable panel such that the shift in the position of the portion of the rotatable panel causes the pin to move withinthe spiral-shaped slit and rotate the rotatable panel from the first position to the second position.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the portion of the rotatable panel is a plate positioned above the pneumatic chamber such that inflation of the pneumatic chamber causes upward movement of the plate and upward movement of the plate causes upward movement of the pin within the spiral-shaped slit in the bottom hinge.

13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pneumatic chamber is mounted to the rotatable panel and operatively connected to the portion of the rotatable panel such that inflation of the pneumatic chamber causes the shift in the position of the portion of the rotatable panel.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the PV panel and the pneumatic pump are mounted to the rotatable panel.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the PV panel includes a plurality of PV panels; wherein the fixed frame defines a plane having an opening in which the rotatable panel is rotatably fixed to the fixed frame; wherein one or more of the PV panels is mounted along a side of the rotatable frame such that the one or more PV panels is configured to receive sunlight when the rotatable frame is oriented at an angle relative to the plane; and wherein one or more of the PV panels is mounted along a width of the rotatable frame such that the one or more PV panels is configured to receive sunlight when the rotatable frame is oriented along the plane.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotatable panel includes a plurality of louvres mounted within an interior of the rotatable panel and wherein the plurality of louvres aremovable from a first position to a second position, wherein a plurality of openings in the rotatable panel are provided in the first position and no openings in the rotatable panel are provided in the second position.

17. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fixed frame is rectangular shaped with a rectangular opening and wherein the rotatable panel is rectangular shaped and configured to fit within the rectangular opening.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus excludes an electric power source.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller communicatively coupled with the pneumatic pump and a wireless transceiver communicatively coupled with the controller such that the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit a first signal to the controller and upon receiving the first signal the controller is configured to transmit a second signal to the pneumatic pump to stop transmission of fluid to the pneumatic chamber resulting in deflation of the pneumatic chamber and rotation of the rotatable panel from the second position to the first position.

20. A system comprising a plurality of the apparatuses of claim 1 to be mounted to the side of the building.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of apparatuses includes a respective PV panel of claim 1 , a respective pneumatic pump of claim 1 and a respective pneumatic chamber of claim 1.

22. The system of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of apparatuses includes a respective pneumatic chamber of claim 1 and wherein the system includes a single PV panel of claim 1 and a single pneumatic pump of claim 1 ;wherein the single PV panel is configured to generate the electric current based on sunlight incident on the single PV panel; and wherein the single pneumatic pump is configured to transmit fluid to inflate each of the respective pneumatic chambers of each of the plurality of apparatuses based on the electric current received from the single PV panel.

23. The system of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of apparatuses includes a respective pneumatic chamber of claim 1 and a respective pneumatic pump of claim 1 and wherein the system includes a single PV panel of claim 1; wherein the single PV panel is configured to generate the electric current based on sunlight incident on the single PV panel; and wherein the respective pneumatic pumps of each of the plurality of apparatuses is configured to transmit fluid to inflate each of the respective pneumatic chambers of each of the plurality of apparatuses based on the electric current received from the single PV panel.

24. A method comprising: rotatably fixing a rotatable panel to a side of a building such that the rotatable panel is configured to rotate relative to the side of the building from a first position to a second position; generating, from a photovoltaic (PV) panel, electric current (PV) panel based on sunlight incident on the PV panel; transmitting, from a pneumatic pump, fluid to a pneumatic chamber based on the pneumatic pump receiving the electric current from the generating step; inflating the pneumatic chamber based on the pneumatic chamber receiving the fluid from the transmitting step; shifting, with the pneumatic chamber, a position of a portion of the rotatable panel based on the inflating step; and rotating the rotatable panel from the first position to the second position based on the shifting step.

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