Muon deceleration system, nuclear transmutation system, container, and device

Abstract

[Problem] A study of a system for the nuclear transmutation of starting material atomic nuclei using muons revealed the problem that when a target containing carbon atoms is used as a muon target, the carbon atoms are highly radioactivated via high-energy proton irradiation; thus, there is need for a system that suppresses the radioactivation of a muon target. It is also possible that muons, due to the high speed thereof, will not readily react with target starting material atoms. [Solution] Proposed is a system whereby high-speed muons / cosmic muons generated by a device or by cosmic rays are decelerated by means of an electric field / deceleration means and are bonded to starting material atoms. Proposed are a decelerator using a laser wakefield and a decelerator using an element that forms an electric field. Proposed is a container for a nuclear transmutation furnace. Proposed are a power generation system, battery, submarine, and aircraft / spacecraft / space structure / space exploration robot.

Description

Muon deceleration system, nuclear transmutation system, vessel, device

[0001] <Incorporation by Reference> This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-150635, filed September 18, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-151787, filed September 19, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-174791, filed October 6, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-196029, filed November 17, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-196327, filed November 19, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-058388, filed March 31, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-065053, filed April 14, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-072096, filed April 26, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to International Application No. PCT Application No. PCT / JP2024 / 016620, filed April 28, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-082974, filed April 26, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-123704, filed July 30, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-174037, filed October 6, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-174180, filed October 6, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-011380, filed January 29, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-122912, filed July 29, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to International Application No. PCT Application No. PCT / JP2024 / 031881, filed September 5, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application, the present invention, is a device / invention related to muons, elementary particles, and atomic energy. The present invention relates to a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system. (This is an application based on an idea and requires substantiation).

[0002] <Challenges of muon target activation and replacement, maintenance, and reducing downtime when muons cannot be generated> When generating muons, an accelerated high-energy proton beam is irradiated onto a muon generation target made of carbon or lithium, producing pions, pions, and muons. During this process, the pion / muon generation target and muon target, which are irradiated with the proton beam, deteriorate and become activated with use, requiring replacement. The target becomes highly activated to a level that makes it difficult for humans to approach. Replacing the muon target poses the challenge of shutting down the muon generator and muon fusion system.

[0003] Negative muons may be slowed down using ionization cooling. Ionization cooling is based on the idea that a properly prepared muon beam passes through a suitable material (absorber), where it loses momentum and slows down through ionization. Absorbers using hydrogen or lithium, which have low atomic numbers Z, are preferred. Cooling using both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers is known from the following literature 1. Configurations using a pulsed power supply and a moderator cell are known and may be used in the muon moderator section of this application.

[0004] International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration, Nature volume 578, pages 53-59 (2020) Negative muon decelerator for condensed matter research, Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, July 31 - August 3, 2019, Kyoto, Japan, PASJ2019 FRPI008

[0005] We wanted to devise a system that would make the muon target less likely to become activated. We also wanted to devise a system that would reduce the workload and labor required for target replacement. Furthermore, muons are so fast that they may not react easily with the target's raw atoms.

[0006] The present specification and drawings describe the solution. We have devised a system in which high-speed muons derived from cosmic muons or mesons generated by atomic collisions are slowed down using an electric field and deceleration means and used for nuclear transmutation. Figure 21 shows transportation equipment 3 and structures 3 that slow down cosmic rays or cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation and use the energy generated by the nuclear transmutation as an energy source for propulsion and power generation. <Requirements for laser wakefields for muon deceleration and acceleration cavities / acceleration units using them> - Electrons (negative muons) can be accelerated using laser wakefields and acceleration cavities / acceleration units using them, but this acceleration unit (positioned in the direction that decelerates the traveling negative muons, if possible) can also be used as a deceleration unit for negative muons (MUDECE (2MUDECE, 2MUDECE-ARRAY)). Accelerators using laser wakefields have a plasma device unit that converts a helium laser target or the like into plasma and generates an electric field by laser irradiation. The electric field strength of this laser wakefield accelerator will be higher than that of existing accelerators that generate electric and magnetic fields using magnets or radio frequency, and it is expected that the accelerator may be made smaller than existing accelerators that use radio frequency or electromagnets for particle acceleration. (As shown in FIG. 17A, by miniaturizing 2MUDECE, it may be possible to configure a space muon decelerator array 2MUDECE-ARRAY that covers the celestial sphere and all directions in the air as seen from the ground. Then, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS including 2MUDECE-ARRAY and a transport device 3 including a power generation unit 1GENR including it may be configured. By configuring a muon decelerator array that covers the target unit T1 in a dome shape, it may be possible in the present invention to decelerate space muons that fly or approach randomly from the air toward the ground at various angles toward 2MUDECE-ARRAY or T1 (for example, the two space muons in FIG. 17A) using the decelerator array installed in advance, and to collect the decelerated muons and inject them into and irradiate the target unit T1.) Muons can be trapped by heavy elements or atoms with a high Z value through weak interactions and react with or decay into nuclei, so it is preferable that the atomic elements in the laser wakefield and the accelerating cavity / accelerator plasma using it have a low Z value, for example, helium.(If heavy elements such as iron are used in the plasma of an accelerator using a laser wakefield, iron has a large Z and muons are trapped by a weak interaction, resulting in the consumption of negative muons in the reaction that reduces the Z of heavy elements such as iron, making it impossible to decelerate and potentially use the laser for the intended nuclear transmutation. For this reason, one embodiment of the present application may use a laser wakefield that uses a plasma of atoms that do not easily interact weakly with muons, such as helium, and an accelerating cavity / accelerating section using this, or a muon decelerating section 2MUDECE-.) <From the perspective of generating a laser wakefield by irradiating laser on low-Z raw material atoms (e.g., Z=B, C, N, O, F, Ne, etc.), slowing down high-speed cosmic muons or high-speed muons derived from accelerator atomic collisions in situ where the laser wakefield is generated, and promoting muon transmutation reactions using the slowed-down muons> In place of the helium laser target, the gaseous resource (plasma resource, plasma atoms) of the laser target irradiated with the laser used in the laser wakefield laser device may be a substance containing an atom of Z that is expected to cause muon transmutation, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, or nitrogen, as claimed in this application, and that has a small Z or is unlikely to cause weak interactions (e.g., Z=B, C, N, O, F, Ne, etc., or even H, He, Li, or Be; for example, borane, azan, methane, or carbon-12). Furthermore, if a plasma of atoms (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne...) is generated within the laser device, generating plasma waves and a laser wakefield of a high-intensity electric field, and this laser wakefield can slow down high-speed cosmic muons traveling from space to the atmosphere or the ground, it may be possible to bind the slowed-down muons to the atoms (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne...) of the plasma that generates the laser wakefield, thereby causing muon fusion or muon transmutation. Therefore, a configuration having such characteristics may be used in the muon transmutation system of the present application. Figure 9 shows a laser target and a target T1 containing raw material atoms for fusion and transmutation (T1 is an atom that causes muon transmutation, such as boron, carbon, or nitrogen, as claimed in the present application, and is a material containing atoms of Z where Z is small and expected to be less likely to cause weak interactions, for example, Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne... or even H, He, Li, or Be).For example, borane / diborane, azan, methane, carbon-12) may be irradiated, and as shown in FIG. 9, a laser capable of generating a laser wake field in T1 may be irradiated from a laser source / laser generator (2LASER), and cosmic muons arriving at T1 may be slowed down (by the electric field of the laser, atoms, and plasma) to become slow muons, and these slow muons may be bonded to the raw material atoms in T1, thereby promoting nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of the raw material atoms in T1. As shown in (B) of Figure 17, a laser is irradiated onto target T1 from laser source 2LASER / MDC-LASER, generating plasma (2LASER-PLASMA) in T1, generating and forming a high-intensity electric field 2LASER-EF and a laser wakefield 2LASER-EF, and the high-speed muons or high-speed cosmic muons SM1 that enter T1 and then 2LASER-EF are slowed down by the electric field 2LASER-EF to become slow muons or decelerated muons (inside or near 2LASER-EF of T1), and these decelerated muons are bonded to raw material atoms to which the muons contained in T1 are to be bonded, and as a result of the binding of the muons, the raw material atoms of T1 can cause a muon nuclear transmutation reaction or muon nuclear fusion, so this configuration may be used in the present invention. A laser may be irradiated onto the target atom T1 to form an electric field that slows down the fast muons, fast cosmic muons SM1, or muons M1, thereby slowing down the fast muons and converting them into slow muons, which may then be used for nuclear transmutation or nuclear fusion of the target atom T1.

[0007] <Figure 17> (A) An example of a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere and sky, as seen from T1 located on the ground, slowing down high-speed cosmic muons and irradiating them onto T1 for nuclear transmutation. SM1: Cosmic muons (cosmic ray muons, cosmic ray muon particles) coming from above. High-speed cosmic muons SM1. When cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere (atmosphere), atmospheric molecules collide with spacecraft particles, generating cosmic ray pions and mesons, which then produce cosmic ray muons. Cosmic ray pions are generated at altitudes of around 20 km, and muons rain down below 5 km. (Aircraft transport equipment 3 equipped with the system shown in Figure 17(A) is at an altitude capable of receiving cosmic muons. The aircraft 3 can use the cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation. Transport equipment 3 near the ground or at sea can also receive cosmic muons.) Cosmic rays: Particles flying through space with high energy. MDC-LASER: The laser light source / laser generation section of the accelerator when the muon decelerator uses an accelerator that uses a laser wakefield as the decelerator. An existing laser device may be used as the light source. Synchrotron radiation may also be used as the light source. MDC: Decelerator. 2MUDECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator (an accelerator may be used for deceleration) (accelerators 2AC and A1 that may use laser wakefields may be used for deceleration). 2MUDECE-ARRAY: An array of 2MUDECE. Photons and lasers may be distributed to 2MUDECE. It may also include circuits for electricity, power, signals, lasers, etc. to drive 2MUDECE. 2MUCAP: MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT Device, a device that captures and moves muons. Solenoid, etc. T1: Target, FEED. According to one embodiment, the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS may perform muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation in a configuration in which muons are combined with muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion fuel atoms or raw material atoms (or raw material atoms themselves) that have been previously known and slowed down by a moderator 2MUDECE. Furthermore, the raw material atoms or fuel atoms for nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation described herein, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, and nitrogen, may be used in the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS shown in Figures 13(B) and 13(A). The configuration, system, or device for slowing down cosmic muons shown in Figure 17 may be mounted on a transportation vehicle 3.If muon nuclear transmutation can be performed using space muons, a large accelerator becomes unnecessary. Therefore, if a large accelerator for muon generation can be eliminated, the size of the transport device 3 can be made more compact when mounted on the transport device 3. To make the muon decelerator for space muons more compact, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used for deceleration. (Configurations for accelerating electrons and negatively charged particles to GeV levels using a laser wakefield are well known, and this application contemplates the deceleration of negative muons, which are particles of the same negative charge.) Furthermore, in order to mount a compact muon / meson generation unit and a high-speed muon deceleration unit on the transport device 3, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used to configure a meson generation device 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, or 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER. (B) An example of directly irradiating a laser onto a target T1 of raw material atoms or molecules to slow down muons and attempt muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. 2 LASER-PLASMA: The plasma portion generated by the laser and T1 when turning T1 into plasma and forming a laser wakefield. 2 LASER-EF: The electric field created by the laser and T1, and the laser wakefield formed within T1. T1, FEED: Target atoms, raw material atoms, and fuel atoms to be transmuted or fused. 2 LASER: Laser source. MDC-LASER: Laser used in a laser-based decelerator (in the diagram, the laser may be generated using external energy, or photons and gamma rays may be generated using the energy of alpha rays and gamma rays produced by nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation, which are then used to generate a laser. The AEC is the part that converts alpha ray energy, and in the diagram, this can be extracted as photon energy through the bremsstrahlung of alpha rays rather than electricity). (For the purpose of miniaturizing the accelerator cavity,) a method of accelerating protons using plasma with a laser; laser plasma-driven ion and electron acceleration; laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA); an accelerator that uses the ponderomotive force of a laser (; muon generation part; muon fusion system; transportation equipment equipped with a muon fusion system).

[0008] Methods of accelerating protons, ions, and particles using plasma with a high-intensity laser (laser plasma-driven ion and electron acceleration, laser wake field acceleration (LWFA), and methods using the ponderomotive force of a laser) are well known, and the acceleration cavity portion can be made small by using a cavity capable of laser particle acceleration (considered to be preferable when used for the acceleration cavity portion of the muon generation portion of a muon fusion reactor mounted on moving equipment such as transportation equipment, spacecraft, aircraft, vehicles, ships, submarines, and exploration robots, where small size is preferred), so a laser-based accelerator or muon generation portion may be constructed using the proton acceleration method using plasma with a laser, LWFA, etc.

[0009] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed fusion system 1F-SYS using boron and protons. Figure 2 shows an example of a fusion reaction system characterized by the fact that, when atomic nuclei fuse, the nuclear charge of the material produced by fusion is smaller than the nuclear charge of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel. (Figure 2 is an explanatory document, and not all examples shown in Figure 2 are used in the present invention. However, they are presented as examples of reaction systems with this characteristic. For example, Group A in Figure 2 shows reaction equations for systems using protons and lithium, protons and boron-11, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and oxygen-17, oxygen-18, etc. Group B shows reaction equations for lithium-6, lithium-7, protons, D, neutrons, and helium-3. Group C shows reaction equations related to carbon. Regarding carbon, an example of a carbon-carbon fusion reaction is also shown.) Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed fusion system 1F-SYS using lithium and protons. (A) shows an example in which protons, neutrons, and deuterium are irradiated onto lithium, and (B) shows an example using lithium deuteride (6), in which lithium (6) is chemically (ionically) bonded to deuterium. Figure 4 is a comparative explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method using existing D and T nuclei and the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method using protons and B or Li of the present invention. (The upper part of Figure 4 shows the method using D and T, while the lower part of Figure 4 shows the method using protons and B and Li of the present invention.) Figure 5 shows a nuclear fusion reactor (1R) and a nuclear fusion application thruster (1TH) incorporating the present invention's 1F-SYS, as well as examples of their applications. *For example, the 1F-SYS may be mounted on a spacecraft (3) or exploration robot (3) that propels and travels through the air, outer space, interplanetary space, or interstellar space. The spacecraft (3) may use an accelerator to generate muons, protons, and neutrons, collect and store nuclear fuel (B or Li), and then perform the nuclear fusion reaction, releasing He alpha rays or the like behind the 3 to propel the spacecraft. *3 is not limited to spacecraft, but may also include various types of transportation equipment, aircraft / spacecraft, ships / submarines, vehicles / automobiles, robots, various types of industrial machinery, and space exploration robots. Figure 6 is an explanatory and conceptual diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS that uses diborane, boron hydride, alkanes, and azanes.(This is an explanatory diagram of a system in which the target T1 in Figure 1 is diborane, alkane, and azan, excluding the proton irradiation section.) Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed fusion system 1F-SYS that uses a diborane / borohydride section pressurized by the ramjet method. Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram of a system 1F-SYS-MP1 in which borohydride such as diborane and muonic hydrogen atoms are mixed and compressed in the compression section. Figure 9 is an example of a system 1F-SYS with a compression section and a heating section. (This may also be equipped with a laser irradiation system.) An explanatory diagram of a case in which a movable muon target / rotating muon target for muon generation is inserted into a MERIT accelerator / MERIT ring (which may also be equipped with a laser irradiation system), and the target is rotated and moved to expose the target to a particle beam in order to generate pions and muons. (The cross section of the rotating disk may be thin, or it may be wedge-shaped, with a thinner outer periphery.) An explanatory diagram of mechanical replacement of a movable disk-shaped muon target.

[0023] Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a case where one extraction port is stopped, the movable muon target section is removed and moved from the accelerator, and the muon target section is replaced with another muon target. Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an apparatus that uses a movable muon target to simultaneously perform muon target replacement and particle collisions with the muon target and pion-muon production, and a muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation system. Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system in which the movable muon target (including the muon deceleration section) contains hydrogen atoms, protons, or helium atoms. Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system that uses helium atoms (or hydrogen atoms / positively charged particles) moving through a circular accelerator as the muon target. Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, and atom production system that uses a meson production system. Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present application in which cosmic muons or high-speed muons are decelerated and irradiated, injected, and combined with T1 atoms in the target section to attempt nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion. (A) An example of attempting nuclear transmutation by slowing down high-speed cosmic muons using a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere, space, and sky sides of a target T1 on the ground. (B) An example of attempting muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation by directly irradiating a raw material atomic / molecular target T1 with a laser to form an electric field capable of slowing down the muons, thereby slowing them down. An explanatory diagram of an example of attempting muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation by directly irradiating a raw material atomic / molecular target T1 with a pulsed laser to form an electric field capable of slowing down the muons, thereby slowing them down and binding them to atoms in T1.1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams illustrating a configuration in which an element that generates an electric field is used as a muon decelerator. (A) An explanatory diagram when decelerating muons using an element that generates an electric field. (A) A configuration in which muons incident on the target section T1 may rotate due to the magnetic field B and move within the atoms in the target section. (B) An explanatory diagram when a pyroelectric body or an array of pyroelectric bodies is used to form an electric field for decelerating muons using the electric field. (B) A configuration in which the temperature of the end of the pyroelectric body is changed to generate an electric field in the pyroelectric body, and this electric field is used as a means for decelerating muons. An explanatory diagram of an element that generates an electric field. (A) When a capacitor element using electrodes and an insulator / dielectric is used. (B1) When an electric double layer capacitor-type element is used. (B2) An explanatory diagram of an element including an electric double layer portion. An explanatory diagram of a transportation device / structure 3 equipped with a section that generates mesons / muons from cosmic rays. An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / nuclear fusion system that uses muons, taking into account muon nuclear capture reactions. (A) A muon binds to carbon-12 in a carbon material, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, and is converted into a boron-12 nucleus (12B*) with an excitation energy of 10-20 MeV. The excitation energy is then transferred from 12B* to an adjacent carbon-12 nucleus, resulting in excited carbon-12 (12C*), which is then converted into helium. The excitation energy is then transferred to the adjacent carbon-12, and this process is repeated. (B1) A diagram illustrating the case where a muon binds to a nitrogen-15-containing azan, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, and is converted into carbon-15, followed by the generation of nitrogen-15 after the half-life of carbon-15 has elapsed. (B2) A diagram illustrating the muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15. (In B1, nitrogen-15 can be converted to carbon-15, but the effective nuclear charge / Z of carbon-15 is lower than that of nitrogen-15, so it is assumed that the fusion reaction will continue.) An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated and injected into ammonia containing nitrogen-15. An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated and injected into boron hydride containing boron-11 (a system of boron hydride anions and lithium cations). An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM and the muon communication system 1MU-COM.This is an explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM, which has a section 2MS-NUT-GRAV that separates neutrinos of different masses. This is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in which muons M1 are irradiated onto a target T1 in a vessel 4D-MUCF or 4T-MUCF equipped with a coil 2COIL, and the target T1 is confined and moved by a magnetic field. Figure 1 in the upper left of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1 using a vacuum pump 4RFP that uses a deep eutectic solvent or the like as the working liquid. (An example of using a Sprengel pump as Pump Example 1.) Figure 2 in the upper right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1. (This is an explanatory diagram of System 1 used as a food pump as Pump Example 2. The pump type here may be a liquid ring pump, rotary pump, or other pump using a working liquid.) Figure 3 in the lower left of Figure 28 is a comparison diagram of a vacuum evacuation system including a low vacuum pump RP and a high vacuum pump FP with the vacuum pump 4RFP and System 1 of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram of the combination. Figure 4 in the lower right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of a general liquid ring pump and rotary pump. (For example, NADES or ionic liquid IL is used for the working liquid, liquid seal, liquid seal ring, and seal portion.) Figure 29 is an explanatory diagram of one of the coils of the annular vacuum vessel 4D. (Annular vacuum vessel: doughnut, annular vacuum chamber, plasma vessel 4D, 4D-T, 4D-ST, 4D-H. Coil 4C-EDL) Figure 30 is an explanatory diagram of the annular vacuum vessel. (Means for rotating the annular vacuum vessel, 4ROT, may be provided.) Figure 31 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel using a motor and bearings as the rotation means 4ROT (4ROT is a motor / rocket motor). Figure 32 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel equipped with a propulsion device (propulsion device 4ROT-TH). Figure 33 (A) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel (4T, 4T-IN) rotating in the circumferential direction / theta direction of the cylinder (an example of rotating a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel used for magnetic mirror type, field-reversed configuration type, etc.), and (B) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical vessel 4T / 4T-MUCF. Possible examples of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation with deuterated carbon-12, a compound of deuterium and carbon-12. (A) Possible examples of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of methane CD4, which is composed of carbon-12 and deuterium D. (B) Possible examples of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of deuterated carbon, a polymer / resin compound of deuterium and carbon-12. Example: Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion in a deuterium carbide molecule (C2D4)n. Explains the assumed example of muon nuclear fusion of H and F atoms in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin.(In some forms, the PVDF section may serve as both the target section T1 and the muon decelerator 2MUDECE.) This is an explanatory diagram of an assumed example of a muon fusion system in which the target section T1 and decelerator 2MUDECE are arranged within coil 2COIL, and muons may be confined in T1 within the magnetic vessel / magnetic field cage 2MAGC within the coil. (Here, T1 and decelerator 2MUDECE may be a capacitor element 2FDELE-PVDF using PVDF and a decelerator / element 2FDELE-PVDF using two electrodes, which may contain atoms for the T1 section (hydrogen and fluorine-19) for muon fusion. Also, coil 2COIL and magnetic field cage 2MAGC may be a helical coil 2COIL-Helical or a helical magnetic field cage 2MAGC-Helical.) This is an explanatory diagram of a system including a control section, power supply, auxiliary equipment, etc. when driving the device of Figure 36. (Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP.) A negative muon decelerator / positive muon accelerator using capacitor elements. [Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP.] An explanatory diagram of a configuration capable of decelerating negative muons and accelerating positive muons (capable of separating positive and negative muons). While the insulator / dielectric portion in the diagram is PVDF, other insulators such as diamond can also be used.] An example of the arrangement of the decelerator / capacitor element and T1. An explanatory diagram of a device used as a capacitor element / muon decelerator / muon accelerator, with electrodes attached to the six faces of an insulator / dielectric cube to decelerate the velocity components in the three-dimensional XYZ directions. An explanatory diagram of an attempt to change the trajectory, attitude, and motion of a threatening meteorite MTO by using a muon fusion system to explode and inject propellant. An explanatory diagram showing how a 4T-MUCF vessel loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 will be placed (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR) on the threatening meteorite MTO, and muons or neutrinos or particles will be irradiated (from the installation location of 1NUT-TX) onto the muon generator and muon decelerator installed inside the vessel, causing muon fusion ignition of T1 in the 4T-MUCF vessel from a remote location (the installation location), causing it to explode and explode, and using the explosive force to blow up or intercept the MTO, or to change the meteorite's trajectory, direction or attitude.This diagram illustrates the use of a muon fusion system using a T1 loaded into a hole drilled inside the MTO meteorite to detonate and fragment the meteorite from within. A borehole (5T-HOLE) is drilled into the threatening MTO meteorite, a T1 is loaded into the hole and sealed, and a 4T-MUCF container loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 is placed (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR). The T1 is ignited by muon fusion and detonated, causing a muon fusion explosion from within the MTO, detonating and detonating the MTO, resulting in the splitting and decomposition of the MTO using the explosive force. This diagram illustrates the use of neutrinos, which can penetrate iron walls, to irradiate a single T1 point from multiple irradiation points within the T1 hole, which is difficult for radio waves to reach, to generate muons through charged current reactions and other methods, resulting in the remote detonation of the T1. An explanatory diagram of the 5REMV-HEAD, a metal and material heating, evaporation, removal and ablation device with a nuclear fusion section and alpha ray irradiation section. An explanatory diagram of the injection of fuel T1 into an iron meteorite using a centrifugal gun, blast ball 3LOAD injection and drilling, and T1 ignition. An explanatory diagram of the centrifugal gun structure 2LPST. An explanatory diagram of the detonation destruction of a muon fusion system with a neutrino-muon conversion section (atoms, neutrons, and particles for conversion). An explanatory diagram of the submarine 3SUBM, which includes a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitter and receiver sections. An explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography and CT of celestial bodies, satellites, and meteorites MTO. (Explanatory diagram of a CT system using muons or neutrinos. The transmitters and receivers for muons, etc., may be mounted on a spaceship or spacecraft 3 to obtain transmission images of large meteorites and celestial bodies. The 3 may communicate with each other via a wireless communications network 1 NETWORK.) An explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography / CT of the human body or object. An explanatory diagram of an aircraft or spacecraft 3 that includes a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitters and receivers. An explanatory and hypothetical diagram of extracting the energy of charged alpha rays, particles, and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor as electricity or power for use in the propulsion device of transportation equipment 3. An explanatory diagram of an example of using the energy of charged alpha rays, particles, and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor in a rocket propulsion device. The top of the diagram is an example of a solid rocket. The bottom of the diagram is an example of a solid-type self-eating rocket. An explanatory diagram of a device that includes a pressurizing section for the fuel T1 part of a reciprocating engine type.An explanatory diagram of a lepton collider-type muon generator (or a particle collision-type muon generator. A particle accelerator using a laser or LWF for lepton acceleration may also be used.) An explanatory diagram of a medical disease removal system that aims to remove diseased areas or lesions in a part of the human body through nuclear transmutation. An explanatory diagram of a muon-based processing device, a plasma cutting device, an energy emission device, and a propulsion device capable of ejecting and moving alpha rays. Figure 58 is an explanatory diagram of the present food / container 1NET, an existing polystyrene pack container 1PS, a paper cup container 1CP, and a straw wrapper 1DUTO. Figure 59 of JP2024-0011380 is an explanatory diagram of a container 1NET and a food container package 1NET-COVERED that may be packaged including 1NET and its label. Figure 60 is an explanatory diagram of obtaining a food package / food container 1NET-COVERED by cutting a container 1NET-FLOW containing a fiber / net containing continuously delivered contents N. *An explanatory diagram in which a net container 1 NET-FLOW-WITH-N (1 NET-FLOW) containing continuously fed contents N is cut using a cutting machine to the desired pack length / product length to obtain cut portion 1 NET-FLOW-WITH-N-CUTTED, and the open end / unclosed portion of 1 NET-FLOW-WITH-N-CUTTED is closed / sealed to obtain 1 NET-FLOW-CUTTED (With N) (1 NET-COVERD), which is then packaged with packaging 1 NET-COVERE to obtain food packaging / food container 1 NET-COVERED. Figure 61 illustrates the process from tableware use to cleaning and drying for a tableware / container 1NET (F100) containing food or contents. After eating and using the container (F101), the container 1NET (F102) with dirt or deposits from the contents is immersed in water or cleaning solution (F102), mechanically twisted and kneaded (F103), dehydrated and de-cleaned using heat or centrifugal force (F104), and then dried (F104). (Figure 4 specifically illustrates the use of a natto container 1NET as a food container / food package, tableware use, and tableware cleaning and drying process.) Figure 62 illustrates laser recording using an immersion lithography system with a liquid NVLQ for immersion lithography. Figure 63 of JP2024-122912 illustrates an example including a system for supplying the liquid NVLQ during immersion lithography.Fig. 64 is an explanatory diagram of a recording apparatus including a maintenance unit 3 that may be capable of performing head maintenance and cleaning and replenishment of liquid NVLQ. Fig. 65 is an explanatory diagram of contact exposure using liquid NVLQ in photolithography, etc. Fig. 66 is an explanatory diagram of immersion exposure using liquid NVLQ.

[0010] <Description of the drawings and modes for carrying out the invention> <Figure 17> (A) An example in which high-speed cosmic muons are decelerated by a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere / sky side as seen from T1 located on the ground, and then irradiated onto T1 for nuclear transmutation. SM1: Cosmic muons (cosmic ray muons, cosmic ray muon particles) coming from the sky. High-speed cosmic muon SM1. When cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere (atmosphere), atmospheric molecules collide with spacecraft particles, generating cosmic ray pions and mesons, which then produce cosmic ray muons. Cosmic ray pions are generated at an altitude of about 20 km, and muons rain down at altitudes below 5 km. (An aircraft transport device 3 equipped with the system shown in Figure 17(A) is at an altitude capable of receiving cosmic muons. The aircraft 3 can use the cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation. Transport devices 3 near the ground or at sea can also receive cosmic muons.) Cosmic rays: Particles flying through outer space with high energy. MDC-LASER: The laser light source / laser generation section of the accelerator when the muon decelerator uses an accelerator that uses a laser wakefield as the decelerator. An existing laser device may be used as the light source. Synchrotron radiation may also be used as the light source. MDC: Decelerator. 2MUDECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator (an accelerator may be used for deceleration) (accelerators 2AC and A1 that may use laser wakefields may be used for deceleration). 2MUDECE-ARRAY: An array of 2MUDECE. Photons and lasers may be distributed to 2MUDECE. It may also include circuits for electricity, power, signals, lasers, etc. to drive 2MUDECE. 2MUCAP: MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT Device, a device that captures and moves muons. Solenoid, etc. T1: Target, FEED. According to one embodiment, the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS may be configured to perform muon-catalyzed fusion / nuclear transmutation in a configuration in which muons slowed down in a moderator 2MUDECE are combined with muons from existing known fuel atoms / raw material atoms for muon-catalyzed fusion, such as hydrogen H, deuterium D, tritium T, or lithium 6 (or raw material atoms themselves), to be combined. Furthermore, the raw material atoms / fuel atoms for fusion / nuclear transmutation, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, and nitrogen, described herein, may be used in the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS shown in Figures 13(B) and 13(A).The configuration, system, or device for decelerating cosmic muons shown in FIG. 17 may be mounted on the transportation device 3. If muon nuclear transmutation can be performed using cosmic muons, a large accelerator becomes unnecessary. Therefore, if the large accelerator for muon generation can be eliminated, the size of the transportation device 3 can be made more compact when mounted on the transportation device 3. To make the muon decelerator for cosmic muons more compact, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used for deceleration. (Configurations for accelerating electrons and negatively charged particles to GeV-class using a laser wakefield are well known, and the present application contemplates the deceleration of negative muons, which are particles of the same negative charge.) Furthermore, in order to compactly mount a muon / meson generation unit or a high-speed muon deceleration unit on the transportation device 3, meson generation devices 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, and 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER may be configured using accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield. (B) An example of directly irradiating a laser onto a target T1 of raw material atoms or molecules to slow down muons and attempt muon fusion or muon transmutation of T1. 2 LASER-PLASMA: The plasma portion generated by the laser and T1 when turning T1 into plasma and forming a laser wakefield. 2 LASER-EF: The electric field created by the laser and T1, and the laser wakefield formed within T1. T1, FEED: The target atoms, raw material atoms, and fuel atoms to be transmuted or fused. 2 LASER: Laser source. MDC-LASER: Laser used in a laser-utilizing decelerator (in this diagram, the laser may be generated using external energy, or photons or gamma rays may be generated using the energy of alpha rays or gamma rays generated by nuclear fusion or transmutation and used to generate a laser. The AEC is the part that converts alpha ray energy, and in this diagram, this can be extracted as photon energy due to bremsstrahlung of alpha rays rather than electricity).

[0011] <Muon Speed> Cosmic rays contain muons, whose energy is in the GeV range and whose speed is high (close to the speed of light). (Cosmic muons are thought to be faster than muons generated on the ground or in known accelerators or muon generators. A simple calculation assuming that a muon particle moves at the speed of light c shows that it travels approximately 660 m in 2.2 microseconds. Cosmic muons have too much energy and pass through matter.) Because the muons used in this application are intended to bond with the source atoms, a configuration that bonds them at a slower speed is preferable than a configuration that allows the source atoms to pass through at high speed. For example, the muons used in this application may need to be slower than cosmic muons. Muons may be irradiated and injected into the atoms to be transmuted at a slow speed that allows them to bond, such as carbon-12 muons. On the Earth's surface, approximately 170 high-speed cosmic muon particles pass through an area of ​​1 m2 per second. Although it is expected that high-speed muons will act as a catalyst in muon-catalyzed fusion to transmute or fuse the atomic nuclei of boron, carbon, nitrogen, and other atomic nuclei that are the subject of nuclear transmutation in this application, cosmic muons pass through at high speeds, so it may be difficult for natural, high-speed cosmic muons to cause the muon-catalyzed fusion or muon-catalyzed transmutation intended in this application. Therefore, this application may use muons that can be slowed down (obtained from mesons, pions, etc. that can be produced in known ground-based devices capable of producing mesons) that are slow enough to cause muon-catalyzed transmutation or muon-catalyzed fusion.

[0012] <Muon nuclear transmutation system using a space muon decelerator> In this application, muons are obtained from a meson generator, and then they can be decelerated using a muon decelerating device called MUDECE (2MUDECE, 2MUDECE-ARRAY) and injected into atoms where muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion are desired.) If space muons can be decelerated, they can also be used in the muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation and nuclear fusion system of the present invention. * Muon decelerators that combine a pulsed power supply and a decelerating cell for negative muons have been studied and are known. A huge aircraft or airship (which makes it easy to maintain a physical distance for muon deceleration) such as an airship can be floated in the air, and a large-scale muon decelerator can be constructed and installed inside the aircraft to decelerate the muons, which can then be captured and transported using a solenoid or the like and irradiated onto a target part for muon catalyzed nuclear transmutation to promote the nuclear transmutation. The energy generated by this nuclear transmutation can be used to propel the aircraft, and the energy and electricity for the aircraft can be generated and supplied using a power generation unit (a power generation unit 1PP that converts the energy of alpha rays into heat to boil water and drive a steam turbine, or an AEC that converts the energy of alpha rays into electricity and energy).

[0013] <Requirements for laser wakefields for muon deceleration and acceleration cavities / acceleration units using them> - Electrons (negative muons) can be accelerated using laser wakefields and acceleration cavities / acceleration units using them, but this acceleration unit (positioned in the direction that decelerates the traveling negative muons, if possible) can also be used as a deceleration unit for negative muons (MUDECE (2MUDECE, 2MUDECE-ARRAY)). Accelerators using laser wakefields have a plasma device unit that converts a helium laser target or the like into plasma and generates an electric field by laser irradiation. The electric field strength of this laser wakefield accelerator will be higher than that of existing accelerators that generate electric and magnetic fields using magnets or radio frequency, and it is expected that the accelerator may be made smaller than existing accelerators that use radio frequency or electromagnets for particle acceleration. (As shown in FIG. 17A, by miniaturizing 2MUDECE, it may be possible to configure a space muon decelerator array 2MUDECE-ARRAY that covers the celestial sphere and all directions in the air as seen from the ground. Then, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS including 2MUDECE-ARRAY and a transport device 3 including a power generation unit 1GENR including it may be configured. By configuring a muon decelerator array that covers the target unit T1 in a dome shape, it may be possible in the present invention to decelerate space muons that fly or approach randomly from the air toward the ground at various angles toward 2MUDECE-ARRAY or T1 (for example, the two space muons in FIG. 17A) using the decelerator array installed in advance, and to collect the decelerated muons and inject them into and irradiate the target unit T1.) Since muons can be trapped by heavy elements or atoms with a large Z through weak interactions and react with nuclei or decay, it is preferable that the atomic elements in the plasma of the laser wakefield and the accelerating cavity / accelerator section using it are low in Z, and helium may be used, for example. (If a heavy element such as iron is used in the plasma of an accelerator using a laser wakefield, iron has a large Z, and the weak interaction traps muons, so negative muons may be consumed in the reaction that reduces the Z of heavy elements such as iron, and they may not be able to be slowed down, making them unusable for the intended nuclear transmutation purpose. For this reason, in one embodiment of the present application, a laser wakefield using a plasma of atoms that do not easily interact weakly with muons, such as helium, and an accelerating cavity / accelerating section using it, or a muon deceleration section 2MUDECE- may be used.) <From the perspective of generating a laser wakefield by irradiating laser on low-Z raw material atoms (e.g., Z=B, C, N, O, F, Ne...), slowing down high-speed cosmic muons or high-speed muons derived from accelerator atomic collisions in situ where the laser wakefield is generated, and promoting muon transmutation reactions using the slowed-down muons> Instead of the helium laser target, a substance containing an atom of Z that causes muon transmutation, such as boron, carbon, or nitrogen, as claimed in the present application, and that is expected to have a small Z or be less likely to cause weak interactions (e.g., Z=B, C, N, O, F, Ne... or even H, He, Li, Be; for example, borane, azan, methane, or carbon-12) may be used as the gas resource (plasma resource, plasma atoms) of the laser target that is irradiated with the laser used in the laser wakefield laser device. Furthermore, if a plasma of atoms (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne...) is generated within the laser device, creating plasma waves and a laser wakefield of high-intensity electric field, and if this laser wakefield can slow down high-speed cosmic muons traveling from space to the atmosphere and the ground, it may be possible to combine the slowed-down muons with the atoms (e.g., Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne...) of the plasma that generates the laser wakefield, thereby causing muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation, and therefore a configuration having such characteristics may be used in the muon nuclear transmutation system of the present application. In Figure 9, a laser may be irradiated onto a target T1 containing a laser target and raw material atoms for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation (T1 is an atom that causes muon nuclear transmutation as claimed in the present application, such as boron, carbon, or nitrogen, and is a substance containing atoms of Z where Z is small or expected to be less likely to cause weak interactions, for example, Z = B, C, N, O, F, Ne... or even H, He, Li, or Be. For example, borane, diborane, azan, methane, or carbon-12). As shown in Figure 9, a laser that can create a laser wakefield is irradiated onto T1 from a laser source / laser generator (2LASER), and cosmic muons arriving at T1 are slowed down (by an electric field created by the laser, atoms, and plasma) to become slow muons, and these slow muons are bonded to the raw material atoms in T1, thereby promoting nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of the raw material atoms in T1.As shown in (B) of Figure 17, a laser is irradiated onto target T1 from laser source 2LASER / MDC-LASER, generating plasma (2LASER-PLASMA) in T1, generating and forming a high-intensity electric field 2LASER-EF and a laser wakefield 2LASER-EF, and the high-speed muons or high-speed cosmic muons SM1 that enter T1 and then 2LASER-EF are slowed down by the electric field 2LASER-EF to become slow muons or decelerated muons (inside or near 2LASER-EF of T1), and these decelerated muons are bonded to raw material atoms to which the muons contained in T1 are to be bonded, and as a result of the binding of the muons, the raw material atoms of T1 can cause a muon nuclear transmutation reaction or muon nuclear fusion, so this configuration may be used in the present invention. A laser may be irradiated onto the target atom T1 to form an electric field that slows down the fast muons, fast cosmic muons SM1, or muons M1, thereby slowing down the fast muons and converting them into slow muons, which may then be used for nuclear transmutation or nuclear fusion of the target atom T1.

[0014] <Example 1> <Ionization cooling> Negative muons may be slowed down using ionization cooling. Ionization cooling is based on the process where a properly prepared muon beam passes through an appropriate material (absorber), losing momentum and slowing down through ionization. It is preferable to use absorbers made of hydrogen or lithium, which have low atomic number Z. Cooling using both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers is known from the following literature 1. (Reference 1: International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration, Nature volume 578, pages 53-59 (2020)) A portion of a solenoid cooling and deceleration channel is constructed and operated to perform ionization cooling and deceleration of muons using both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers. *The target portion T1 for muon fusion / transmutation may be an atom with a low atomic number Z, such as azan containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, or borane containing boron and hydrogen (carbon-12, etc.), which binds muons to promote nuclear transmutation in the present invention. *The muon may be bound to a hydrogen ion to form a muonic atom and then slowed down. The muon may be bound to an atom heavier than hydrogen, such as boron or nitrogen, to form muonic boron atoms, muonic nitrogen atoms MP1, MA1, etc. (MP1, MA1 are slowed down), and then injected into the fuel material target portion T1 containing hydrogen. (In the configuration of B in Figure 16, a muonic atom MA1 of atom A may be formed, and MA1 may be decelerated by some means using an electric field (magnetic field). MA1 may then be irradiated, injected, or collided with a target part T1-B which may contain atom B for nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation, causing muonic nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation. <Frictional cooling> * A carbon film may be placed on the target part T1 which is irradiated with negative muons, and the muons may be decelerated by friction (frictional deceleration / frictional cooling) as they pass through the carbon film. The muons may be attenuated by a carbon film containing carbon-12 (or a carbon film for frictional cooling made of carbon-12) for frictional cooling (frictional deceleration), or the decelerated muons may bond with carbon-12 within the carbon film, and the carbon-12 may then be muon-transmuted. * In addition to carbon films, solid or liquid parts with low Z such as boron hydride which can become T1-FEED may also be considered. If an element with low Z such as hydrogen is included, the ionization cooling effect may also be used.<Decelerator using deceleration cavity> A particle accelerator or a linear accelerator may be used for muon deceleration. A configuration using a pulsed power supply and a deceleration cell is well known and may be used in the muon deceleration section in the present application.

[0015] <Muon decelerator using a pulsed laser> Figure 18 shows the muon decelerator 2MUDECE and nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS, which use a laser wakefield using a pulsed laser. Figure 18 is similar in configuration to an inertial confinement fusion reactor using laser irradiation. However, in order to receive and decelerate muons raining down from space and muons originating from the accelerator and pion generator, the configuration shown in Figure 18 may be such that the target is irradiated with a laser in a direction that will receive the high-speed muons, rather than irradiating the laser from all directions (symmetrical directions) as in the inertial confinement method. For example, Figure 18(A) shows a configuration in which, when high-speed cosmic muons enter the Earth's atmosphere from space, the air, or the sky, a pulsed laser is irradiated onto the central target T1 (facing the incoming muon in (B)) to form a laser wakefield and attempt to decelerate the muons. Furthermore, the example in Figure 18 is not limited to the use of cosmic muons. In Figure 18, artificial muons M1 generated using an accelerator / accelerated particle collision process may be decelerated and injected into target T1. A laser may be irradiated onto the target so that the artificial muons can be irradiated onto the target, while the muons can be decelerated.) *In one embodiment of the present application, a configuration capable of irradiating target T1 with a pulsed laser capable of forming a laser wakefield or electric field may be implemented. T1 may also be a target capable of nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation. In one embodiment, a nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation system may use atoms with a small atomic number Z, such as carbon, nitrogen, boron, or hydrogen, for T1. (*Although a configuration using an electric field for deceleration is described, the trajectory of high-speed muons may also be changed if possible using a magnetic field. Muons may be injected into target T1 by combining a deceleration electric field with a deceleration / orbital change magnetic field.18(A): When high-speed cosmic muons enter the Earth's atmosphere from space / air / sky, a pulsed laser is irradiated from a hemispherical dome-shaped laser irradiation unit located on the ground to a central target unit T1 on the space / air / sky side, converting the target unit into plasma, generating a laser wakefield and electric field facing the space / air / sky side, and illustrating the decelerator 2MUDECE, which is used to decelerate the muons. Alternatively, high-speed muons M1F generated by the muon generator M1 may enter T1, forming a laser wakefield and electric field at T1, decelerating M1F to M1L, and then bonding with atoms in T1. 18(B): An explanatory diagram of pulsed laser injection from the laser irradiation unit MDCL onto the target unit T1 in FIG. 18(A), a diagram of muon injection and deceleration, and an explanatory diagram of the formation of plasma 2LASER-PLASMA and laser wakefield LWF / electric field 2LASER-EF. Figure 18(C): An explanatory diagram of a case where the decelerators 2MUDECE of Figure 18(A) are arranged horizontally in a row to form a decelerator array. *Cosmic muons reach the air or ground at a rate of one per second per 60 cm2. For example, 1.6 x 10^8 muons can reach an area of ​​1 km x 1 km per second. Therefore, a configuration in which the decelerators 2MUDECE are arranged to cover this area was envisioned. *The array may be installed on land, sea, air, or space transport 3. Since muons can reach shallow water, it may also be mounted on a submarine or underwater 3. *In one embodiment of the present application, the system may be a system capable of irradiating a pulsed laser and irradiating cosmic muons or high-speed muons.

[0016] <Muon decelerator using an element that generates an electric field> As an example of using an electric field, an element capable of generating an electric field (which may include an electric double layer generation unit) composed of atoms with a small atomic number Z is shown in FIG. 20. The device of FIG. 20 may be capable of applying a pulse voltage / potential difference between electrodes 2ER using a power supply unit so that the electric field can be generated in a pulsed manner. As one embodiment of the present application, the configuration of FIG. 19(A) may be implemented using the device of FIG. 20. *FIG. 20 shows an example of an element that generates an electric field. In the system described in FIG. 20, when muons are incident on an electrode, an insulator layer, etc., a decelerator / decelerating element composed of atoms with a small atomic number Z that are difficult to trap or weakly interact with the muon may be used at the point of incidence.

[0017] *For example, in a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction between hydrogen atoms (H, D, T), helium is produced and the muons are trapped by the helium, causing the catalytic nuclear fusion reaction to stop. However, if the energy produced by the nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms exceeds the energy obtained by obtaining and utilizing natural cosmic rays / cosmic muons, or if the balance is balanced, then it may be possible to use them as an energy source. Therefore, in this application, it is permissible to attempt nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms in a system 1EXP-SYS having a part that slows down cosmic muons, such as that shown in Figure 18, or in a structure 3 / transport equipment 3 that includes such a system.

[0018] <Transportation equipment 3, spacecraft 3, space structure, and habitat 3 capable of obtaining muons from cosmic rays> Figure 21 shows an explanatory diagram of a transportation equipment 3, spacecraft 3, and space structure 3 that can generate and use mesons and muons after receiving cosmic rays. The equipment 3 and structure 3 may be equipped with the muon decelerator arrays shown in Figures 18 to 20. *An accelerator may be mounted on the transportation equipment 3, and the accelerator may be used to accelerate and collide particles to generate mesons, pions, and muons for use in a muon-based nuclear transmutation system. *On the other hand, when building such an accelerator in space, transporting its delicate components (from Earth to space) while preserving their precise structure may be costly. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present application, an attempt may be made to construct a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS that generates muons in a spacecraft using cosmic rays, decelerates and collects the muons, and then injects them into a target T1. At this time, 1EXP-SYS is assumed to operate as a nuclear battery, muon fusion battery, or muon transmutation battery using cosmic rays (for example, as a power source that can operate even in places on the moon where sunlight does not reach). The cosmic rays (COSRAY1) are received by a cosmic ray receiving unit in transport equipment or structure 3, and mesons, pions, and muons are generated by cosmic ray-muon conversion unit 2MU-COSRAY, and the muons are collected (slowed down by decelerator 2MUDECE), and then transported to and irradiated on target T1. *The idea is that, for example, a large space habitat would be equipped with a cosmic ray-muon conversion unit 2MU-COSRAY that receives natural cosmic rays, which can be large in area, and a decelerator array unit that slows down the muons generated by the conversion unit (using something like a large-area net to capture cosmic rays and something like a circuit to slow down and collect the muons), and muons that are slower than cosmic rays would be harvested and irradiated onto target T1 for nuclear transmutation and power generation, and for power supply and propulsion of structure 3. *Muon generation devices that use known accelerators can generate 100 to 100 million muons per second in a beam of several centimeters.Meanwhile, on the ground and in the sky, muons originating from cosmic rays rain down on the palm of your hand at one per second. If a muon moderator array, muon capturer / capture circuit, and muon injection unit into a target could be constructed over an area / zone equivalent to 1,000 palms, it might be possible to utilize 1,000 muons per second for nuclear transmutation without using an accelerator. Therefore, this application proposes a system for utilizing, decelerating, and capturing cosmic rays and cosmic muons over a large area. These muons may be used in the nuclear transmutation system of this application (for power generation through nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation, and for nuclear transmutation of LLFP). * The target / muon target (SMR1, 2MU-COSRAY) that collides with cosmic rays may be provided on a transportation device 3 such as a cosmic ray detector, artificial satellite, space probe, or space structure. The target may contain a gas (including helium / hydrogen atoms, atmospheric oxygen / nitrogen atoms). The target may also contain a liquid such as water.

[0019] <Cosmic ray source> Cosmic rays coming from outside or inside the solar system may be used as the source of cosmic rays (accelerated protons, helium ions, etc.). (Currently, the origin of some high-energy, high-speed cosmic rays is thought to be supernova shock waves, supernova explosions, supernova remnants, etc. Cosmic rays generated and traveling due to celestial activity such as supernovae outside the solar system may also be used.) If high-energy natural cosmic rays capable of producing muons and mesons can be obtained even outside the solar system, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS / nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS may be constructed and implemented in which the cosmic rays COSRAY1 shown in FIG. 21 are received by a cosmic-ray meson pion muon generation unit SMR1 on an exploration robot / exploration ship 3 capable of navigating outside the solar system, particle collisions occur to produce meson muons, the muons M1 / M1F, which may be at high speed, are slowed down by a decelerator 2MUDECE to obtain muons M1 / M1L, which may also be slowed down, and the muons M1 / M1L are irradiated and injected into a target unit T1 for muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation, causing muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation of the atoms and molecules in the target unit. In this case, it is assumed that the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS and nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS will operate as a nuclear battery, muon nuclear fusion battery, and muon nuclear transmutation battery using cosmic rays, even in outer space outside the solar system where sunlight from the sun or stars does not reach. This will enable the operating time of an exploration robot 3 traveling outside the solar system equipped with the system 1EXP-SYS to be extended. As shown in Figures 21 and 5, the exploration robot 3 may collect atoms, T1, and FEED necessary for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and boron, which serve as fuel, from natural celestial bodies containing carbon, nitrogen, etc., such as terrestrial planets, Uranus-type planets, ice planets, and gas planets, as well as asteroids.

[0020] <Placing decelerators in the direction cosmic muons tend to come from> *It is well known that there is a difference in the amount of cosmic muons coming from the west and the east due to the east-west effect (taking into account geomagnetism and cosmic rays). For example (in Japan), cosmic positive muons tend to come from the west. Cosmic negative muons, which have the opposite charge to positive muons, tend to come from the east. If it is not possible to use observational means, but you still want to obtain a large number of muons with the desired charge based on probability, you can place a muon decelerator in the direction muons are likely to enter (east / west direction) and create a decelerating electric field to slow down (or accelerate, depending on the application) the muons. (For example, to utilize cosmic muons, a natural resource that falls from the sky like sunlight, a site similar to that of a solar power plant could be secured, and a decelerator installed on that site to slow down the cosmic negative muons that tend to come from the east. An electric field for slowing down the negative muons could be generated within the decelerator, slowing the negative muons and combining them with T1, allowing experiments to be conducted to see if muonic nuclear fusion occurs.) (If positive muons are received and accelerated for use in nuclear spallation or collisions, the decelerator or accelerator could be installed facing west.)

[0021] <Item MUDEC1> A nuclear transmutation system for target atoms and source atoms, comprising a step of slowing down muons and characterized in that the muons can be bound to target atoms and source atoms for nuclear transmutation. <Item MUDEC2> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item MUDEC1, which performs nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of target atoms and source atoms, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and source atoms to generate an electric field or laser wakefield. <Item MUDEC3> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item MUDEC2, capable of slowing down muons in the electric field or laser wakefield. <Item MUDEC4> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item MUDEC2, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted to generate an electric field or laser wakefield, slowing down cosmic muons, cosmic ray muons, or muons generated by cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and capable of binding the slowed down muons to the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted.

[0022] <Electronegativity: A relative measure of the strength with which an atom attracts electrons> Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atomic nucleus to attract electrons and negative charges. According to Allen's electronegativity, fluorine electrons have a higher electronegativity than helium atoms, and are expected to be more likely to attract electrons and muons. Therefore, according to Allen's electronegativity, when hydrogen fluoride is irradiated with muons to produce helium through nuclear fusion, the muons may be more likely to be attracted to the fluorine in the hydrogen fluoride than the helium produced after nuclear fusion, in terms of electronegativity. From this perspective, the present invention also allows for the introduction of muons into hydrogen fluoride (or hydrogen fluoride in liquid or gaseous fluid form) to promote nuclear fusion.

[0023] <From the perspective of effective nuclear charge> Regarding effective nuclear charge, the effective nuclear charge felt by the 1S orbital is [helium He: 1.688, hydrogen H: 1.000, lithium Li: 2.691, beryllium Be: 3.685, boron B: 4.680, carbon C: 5.673, nitrogen N: 6.665, oxygen: 7.658, fluorine F: 8.650, neon Ne: 9.642, sodium Na: 10.626, potassium K: 18.490, rubidium Rb: 36.208, cesium Cs: larger than Rb]. In terms of effective nuclear charge, when a fusion reaction occurs in which a muon is injected into a system containing boron or nitrogen (and hydrogen) to produce helium, the effective nuclear charge of the boron or nitrogen in the fusion fuel is greater than the effective nuclear charge of the helium in the fusion product, and it is expected that muons will be attracted to boron or nitrogen, which have a greater effective nuclear charge than helium, and so this may be used in the fusion system of the present invention. Regarding the fusion reaction system, the present invention may use a fusion reaction system in which the effective nuclear charge of the fusion fuel nuclei is greater than the effective nuclear charge of the fusion product nuclei. (A fusion reaction system may be used that has raw material atoms used for fusion that have an effective nuclear charge greater than the effective nuclear charge of the nuclei produced by fusion.)

[0024] <<Nuclear Species / Atomic Nucleus Conversion Device Using Muons>> <Problem> When resources of a certain atom X are limited, it may be desirable to artificially produce atom X (for example, an atom used in industry, such as gallium, or a group 11 atom). Nuclear fusion can be used to produce atom X, but methods such as magnetic confinement require confining atoms in high-temperature plasma and fusing them using heat. Fusing heavier nuclei with larger Z values ​​may require even more extreme temperatures. <Solution> On the other hand, with muon fusion, even nuclei with large Z values ​​may be more susceptible to nuclear fusion due to muons binding to the nucleus and collisions or proximity. Therefore, this application proposes a muon generator, a muon deceleration means, or a method for producing atom X by combining muons with atoms A and B or a compound formed by combining atoms A and B to perform muon fusion.

[0025] <Example of Radioactive Element Conversion> One embodiment of the present system may be used to convert high-level waste and atoms generated by the operation of a nuclear fission reactor or the like into lower-level radioactive atoms. The present system may be used to irradiate long-lived fission products (LLFPs) with long lifespans of several thousand years, such as 79Se and 93Zr, and minor actinides (MAs) such as Am, Cm, and Np, with muons. <Example of Creating a Desired Atomic Nucleus: Creating a Group 11 Atom or a Gallium Nucleus in the Periodic Table> Although not yet proven, it may be possible to generate a different atomic nucleus X by nuclear fusion between atoms A and B, as shown in Figure 16 (B), or to generate a different atomic nucleus Y by the transformation and decay of atomic nucleus X. (As mentioned above, if it becomes possible to make the target less radioactive when muons are generated, for example by using protons or helium as the target for meson generation, the muon target will be less likely to become nuclear waste, reducing the environmental burden and costs of muon generation. As a result, in addition to muon fusion, it may become possible to conduct experiments in which radioactive waste is irradiated with muons to convert it into non-radioactive atoms, or to combine existing elements with muons to perform nuclear fusion, fission, spallation, etc. to transmute atomic nuclei. <Gold Au> For example, muons can be irradiated onto tungsten carbide (specifically, a film-like tungsten carbide target in which the muon-irradiated portion can move like a film sheet) in which tungsten-184 is bonded to carbon-12 or carbon-13, to test whether muonic fusion or transmutation of tungsten and carbon occurs. Then, attempts can be made to produce mercury (mercury-196 and mercury-197) atoms or gold atoms that may result from fusion or transmutation. *In addition to tungsten carbide, tantalum nitride, made from nitrogen-15 and tantalum-181, can also be used. *After that, mercury-196 can be irradiated with neutrons to form mercury-197, and then gold-197 can be synthesized via a step of electron capture by mercury-197.*Alternatively, a system (experimental system) may be carried out in which tungsten carbide consisting of tungsten-184 and carbon-13 (or tantalum nitride consisting of nitrogen-15 and tantalum-181) is used as the target T1-AB, muons are irradiated onto it to try to generate mercury-197, and then the mercury-197 is transformed into gold-197 by electron capture (EC). (The reaction is as follows: 12C6: carbon-12, 13C6: carbon-13, 196Hg80: mercury-196, 197Hg80: mercury-197, 184W74: tungsten-184, 15N7: nitrogen-15, 181Ta73: tantalum-181, n: neutron, 197Au79: gold-197, EC: electron capture reaction process. EC is the process in which a proton in an atomic nucleus moves to an orbital. (Reaction / phenomenon in which a muon is absorbed, becoming a neutron, and simultaneously emitting an electron neutrino) 12C6 + 184W74 -> 196Hg80 13C6 + 184W74 -> 197Hg80 15N7 + 181Ta73 -> 196Hg80 196Hg80 + n -> 197Hg80 197Hg80 -> EC -> 197Au79 + electron neutrino ●It is also possible to bind a muon to a carbon or nitrogen atom (atom A) to form a muonic carbon atom, accelerate atom A, and collide it with a tungsten atom to promote nuclear fusion. (Alternatively, muons can be irradiated onto tungsten to create muonic tungsten atoms, and carbon atoms can then be accelerated and collided with them. If muons can be irradiated onto carbon-12 to cause carbon to decay, they can be irradiated onto the tungsten side. Nitrogen and tantalum can also be used instead of carbon and tungsten.) (12C6 + negative muon) + 184W74 -> 196Hg80 12C6 + (184W74 + negative muon) -> 196Hg80 13C6 + (184W74 + negative muon) -> 197Hg80 196Hg80 + n -> 197Hg80 197Hg80 -> EC -> 197Au + electron neutrino To prevent the generation of atomic nucleus X after particle collision and subsequent collision of atoms B or A with atomic nucleus X to produce undesired atom D, the collision unit may be configured as shown in Figure 16(B), in which particles containing muons are collided with a film material or liquid of target atoms, so that the collision unit serves as a movable / flow-type raw material supply unit / product atom recovery unit. Atoms X may also be recovered by using a process to remove atoms X generated on the target surface (such as by heating the surface with a grindstone or laser irradiation, flicking it off, or removing it).<Production of Silver (Ag)> As in the case of Au, atoms A and B can be fused with carbon-12 (C6) and molybdenum-95 (Mo42) using muons to produce cadmium-107, which can then be held for a half-life of approximately 6.5 hours to capture an electron, or a muon can react with a proton to reduce Z by one, converting cadmium to silver-107 (Ag47). Similarly, silver-109 can be fused with carbon-12 and molybdenum-97 using muons to produce cadmium-109, which can then be held for a half-life to capture an electron, or a muon can react with a proton to reduce Z by one, converting cadmium to silver-109. (When using carbon-12, gold is fused with tungsten and mercury, but silver is fused with molybdenum and cadmium, which are one period and group below it on the periodic table. Niobium-93 (93Nb41) and nitrogen-14 (14N7) can also be used to create cadmium-107 (107Cd48).) <Creating copper Cu> As with gold, atoms A and B can be fused with carbon-12 and chromium-53 using muons to create zinc-65, which can then be held for a half-life of approximately 243 days to undergo positive beta decay, emitting a positron, or a muon-proton reaction can be used to reduce Z by one, converting zinc to copper-63. *Another example is fusion of boron-10 and manganese-55 using muons to create zinc-65, which can then be held for a half-life to undergo positive beta decay, or a muon-proton reaction can be used to reduce Z by one, converting zinc to copper. <Gallium (Ga)> One can attempt to muon fusion of atoms A and B with carbon-12 and iron-56 to produce germanium-68, and then convert the germanium-68 to gallium-68 via an electron capture EC process (with a half-life of 270.8 days). <Generation of platinum (Pt)> One can muon fusion of atoms A and B with boron-11 and tungsten-184 to produce gold-195, and then either retain the gold-195 for a half-life of approximately 186.01 days and allow it to undergo electron capture, or reduce Z by one through a muon-proton reaction to convert gold-195 to platinum-195 (195Pt78).(Note that platinum-195 (195Pt78) may be subjected to muon nuclear fusion with hydrogen-2 and deuterium (2H1) to produce gold-197 (197Au79).) <Claim ACM1> A muon nuclear transmutation system that uses muons to nuclear fuse atoms A and B to produce atom X. <Claim ACM2> A nuclear transmutation system as set forth in claim ACM1 characterized in that gallium-68, copper-63, silver-107, gold-197, platinum-195 (etc.) are obtained from atom X after atom X has been generated using atoms A and B and muons, or from atom Y obtained by decaying atom X. <Claim ACM3> An atom produced using the nuclear transmutation system as set forth in claim ACM2. <Example of transmutation of radioactive elements> One embodiment of the system of the present application may be used to convert high-level waste atoms produced by the operation of a nuclear fission reactor or the like into lower-level radioactive atoms. The present system may be used to irradiate muons onto long-lived fission products (LLFPs) with lifetimes of several thousand years or more, such as 79Se and 93Zr, and minor actinides (MAs) such as Am, Cm, and Np. Muons may be irradiated into difficult-to-access areas containing high-energy waste, the inside of a nuclear reactor undergoing decommissioning, or a nuclear reactor containing nuclear fuel debris, to transmute nuclei within the waste. While the present application and device are merely ideas and it is unclear whether they can actually be put into practice, muons may be generated using a muon generator and irradiated toward a nuclear reactor or building area containing fuel debris (or the nuclear fuel debris section or building within the reactor) that is inaccessible due to the accumulation of radioactive waste due to an accident or other reason (from a meson production launch site, which may be located remotely from the area) to attempt to transmute LLFPs in the fuel debris. *Muons are used when decommissioning nuclear power plants and reducing the radioactivity levels of LLFPs through nuclear transmutation, but there is a possibility that the muon target will be activated by muon generation. Therefore, by using helium (as well as hydrogen and lithium 7) as the target, the muon target of this device will be less likely to be activated, which may solve the problem of muon target activation when using muons to transmute LLFPs, MAs, etc. or perform muon nuclear fusion. This application proposes a method of targeting hydrogen or helium during particle collisions to solve the problem of muon target activation.We propose nuclear transmutation of muon targets using negative muon irradiation. <Transmutation of LLFPs, conversion of atom A to atom X> ○ Nuclear transmutation of high-Z atoms such as LLFPs is also possible. Atom B can be muon-injected into atom A to produce atom X through muonic fusion. ○ In the nuclear transmutation of LLFPs, radioactive atoms, etc., negative and positive muons can be irradiated onto LLFPs to promote nuclear transmutation. For example, muons can bind to an activated carbon muon target and convert nuclei in the carbon muon target into nuclei with a lower Z through muon nuclear capture reactions. They also provide muon rest energy to excite the nuclei, which may enable them to be converted into other nuclei after excitation (such as radioactive or carbon nuclei in the activated muon target, which may be capable of being converted into helium). ○ Positive muons that may be slowed down will decay over their lifetime and produce high-energy positrons, and these positrons may collide with atomic nuclei in the carbon muon target, exciting them and potentially transmuting them into helium or other substances, and may be used in the nuclear transmutation and radioactive waste removal systems for the muon target activated in this application. *In addition, accelerated positive muons may be able to produce meson muons, so positive muons may be irradiated onto the muon target. (Positive muons can spallation react with atomic nuclei in the carbon muon target, converting them into small Z atomic nuclei, neutrons, protons, and particles, and can also produce mesons, so they may be used in the muon target or the T1 section for nuclear transmutation.)

[0026] <Nuclear transmutation of muon targets by negative muon irradiation> * Negative muons are irradiated and bonded to carbon-12, and the nucleus captures the muon, becoming a boron-12 nucleus excited by the energy derived from the muon's rest mass, reducing Z by one. The boron-12 nucleus can then be converted into particles such as helium, protons, neutrons, and tritium, which have smaller proton numbers Z, neutron numbers N, and mass numbers than carbon and boron. For example, when carbon-12 nuclei are excited and activated by proton collisions or gamma ray irradiation, muon irradiation can be used to convert the excited carbon-12 nuclei and carbon nuclei (including carbon atoms in a radioactively discarded carbon muon target) into low- or no-radioactivity helium-4 nuclei, or tritium can be obtained. Carbon can then be converted to boron by bonding with muons, and then transmuted into alpha rays, neutrons, protons, and hydrogen isotopes. <Carbon utilization> Muons can be used to stimulate nuclear fusion reactions, spallation reactions, and nuclear transmutation.

[0027] <Item DLAL1> A nuclear transmutation system for target atoms and source atoms, comprising a step or means for slowing down muons, and characterized in that the muons can be bound to target atoms and source atoms for nuclear transmutation. <Item DLAL2> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item DLAL1, capable of slowing down muons using an electric field, a laser wakefield, or an accelerator. <Item DLAL3> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item DLAL1, performing nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of target atoms and source atoms, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and source atoms to generate an electric field or laser wakefield. <Item DLAL4> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item DLAL1, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted, to generate an electric field or laser wakefield, to slow down cosmic muons or muons originating from cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and capable of binding the slowed down muons to the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted. <Item DLAL5> A nuclear transmutation system using muons, characterized in that the atomic number Z or effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom A, which serves as a raw material for nuclear transmutation during nuclear transmutation, is greater than the atomic number Z or effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom X, which is generated after nuclear transmutation of the atom. <Item DLAL6> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item DLAL2, characterized in that muons are injected and irradiated onto target atoms containing carbon and carbon-12. <Item DLAL9> A power generation system that uses energy generated by the nuclear transmutation system according to Item DLAL5. <Item DLAL10> A nuclear transmutation system according to claim DLAL1, in which hydrogen or helium is accelerated and circulated in a first accelerator (2MU-ACC-RING), hydrogen or helium is accelerated and circulated in a second accelerator (2HE-ACC-RING), and muons are generated using a particle generation system characterized by producing mesons by colliding hydrogen or helium at an intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of the first and second accelerators. <Item DLAL11> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item DLAL1 (or Item DLAL2) characterized by transmuting fission products. <Item DLAL12> A nuclear transmutation system according to Item 1 or Item DLAL10 for transmuting fission products, characterized by irradiating a beam of muons toward a section of a building containing the fission products.<Item CMF1> A nuclear fusion system characterized by injecting muons into carbon atoms. <Item CMF2> A muon nuclear fusion system characterized by injecting muons into carbon and hydrogen compounds or molecules. <Item CMF3> A muon nuclear transmutation system characterized by injecting muons into carbon and hydrogen compounds or molecules to convert carbon nuclei into other atomic nuclei.

[0028] This may be able to solve the problem of muon target activation when using muons to convert LLFP, MA, etc. or perform muon fusion.

[0029] <Figs. 1 and 3> 1F-SYS: An explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed fusion system utilizing a fusion reaction using boron and protons. M1: Muon generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating muons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A system using a particle accelerator capable of muon generation. P1: Proton generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating protons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating protons and injecting them into and irradiating the target. Elements of fusion fuel in a boron-proton fusion reaction system. N1: Neutron generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating neutrons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating neutrons and injecting them into and irradiating the target. A1: Particle accelerator A1. T1: Target portion including fusion fuel. Fusion fuel T1, F1. B1: Portion of T1 that uses boron. Boron target. The boron may be molten. L1: Portion of T1 that uses lithium. Lithium target. The lithium may be molten liquid lithium. EX1: Product EX1 after nuclear fusion. In Figures 1 and 3, etc., this refers to helium (He) and alpha rays produced after nuclear fusion. <Figure 5> 3: Transport equipment 1R: 1F-SYS, which is a nuclear fusion reactor. A nuclear fusion reactor including 1F-SYS. A power generation unit that converts the energy of alpha rays into electrical energy may be provided. 1GENR: Power generation unit (a part that converts the energy obtained by the nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS or the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS into electrical power). *Although not explicitly shown in Figure 5, the electrical power derived from nuclear fusion generated by 1EXP-SYS, 1F-SYS, and 1R may be supplied to the muon generator M1 or the proton generator P1 to generate muons or protons. This electrical power may be used to drive the system of the present invention and each component of the system. 1TH: A nuclear fusion-applied propulsion device or thrust generator including 1F-SYS. Propulsion means. Transportation means. (If 3 is a spacecraft, 1TH may be a particle beam emitter such as alpha rays, gamma rays, photons, or particles. If 3 is an aircraft, 1TH may be a propellant ejection unit that uses the power obtained from 1GENR to take in propellant and air, heat it, compress it, and eject it behind 3, or it may be an electrically powered propeller unit. If 3 is a ship, it may be a part that can use the power obtained from 1GENR to rotate the propeller or generate a water current. If 3 is a robot with an arm or a vehicle that moves on land, 1TH may be a wheel, tire, motor, or robot motor arm unit that can be driven by the power obtained from 1GENR.) 1TH-NZ: The nozzle section of the 1TH. This nozzle section emits alpha rays when the fusion product EX1 is energetic helium or alpha rays. It may also be a thrust deflection device or nozzle. The alpha rays may be irradiated onto a propellant, heating it and ejecting it. *Separate from the 1TH-NZ, an ion thruster or a propulsion device using the recoil of a photon laser may be operated using the power generated by the 1R. <Figure 6> System BH1 using diborane B2H6: B1 is a boron-containing substance, and is boron hydride, diborane, or borane. T1 and F1 are diborane. Diborane target. Diborane and BH1 may be gases, liquids, fluids, or solids. (The fluid-based configuration of Figure 7 is also possible.) The system of Figure 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, eliminating the need for the proton introduction section P1 shown in Figure 1. <Figure 7> 1F-SYS-RAM: Nuclear fusion system. (An assumed diagram of a system using the diborane of the present invention applied to a system in which a fusion fuel fluid having a known ramjet section circulates in a closed loop.) RAM: Ram pressure generator section used when compressing using the ramjet method. PBH1: Compressed BH1 section. Muon target section with compressed diborane fluid section. FP: Fusion reaction section, muon irradiation section. FEEDC: Section that removes helium from the diborane fluid circulating within the system, removes excess material, and adds necessary material, diborane as fuel. Feed control section. Fuel supply system, fuel control system. Helium (He) removal section, diborane fuel supply section, etc. HX: Heat exchanger ENEX: Although not shown in the diagram, it is a device section or power generation section that generates electricity using alpha rays and fusion energy. It may be included within the system. PUMP: Compressor, pump. Pressurizes, compresses, and circulates the fluid within the system. Driven by a motor or the like. (Driven by power obtained from the power generation unit) M1: Muon generation unit, muon irradiation unit. (Driven by power obtained from the power generation unit) EX1: Helium produced after nuclear fusion (which needs to be removed). Symbols etc. <Fig. 8> 1F-SYS-MP1, 1F-SYS-MP1-RAM: Nuclear fusion system using a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and fuel Muonic hydrogen atoms MP1: AMP1: Muonic hydrogen atom production and irradiation unit (particle accelerator A1, neutral particle beam irradiation device NBI, etc., which can produce MP1 and MP12 and inject / inject them.) S1: Route S1 (Contains a mixture of MP1 and boron hydride) MP1-XMB: A mixture of MP1 and boron hydride / diborane. Or a mixture of hydrogen and boron / (carbon / ) nitrogen / oxygen / fluorine, etc. Or a portion / mixture portion containing a compound in which the raw atomic nuclei with the first atomic number ZA and the second atomic number ZAA required for nuclear fusion are chemically bonded. PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as a RAM section. Inertial confinement fusion is known in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM section is of the laser confinement / inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be a short wavelength such as blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma ray so that the momentum of the photons can be increased), but in this application, the target section / mixture may also be compressed with a laser in the compression RAM section. (A muon injection process may also be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM section may irradiate lasers, ion beams, and ion beams containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so that they converge on the part containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (It is also possible to use an inertial type such as a Z-pinch or magnetized target that can compress the raw material atoms and trap them by inertia.) In the RAM section, a laser or ramjet mechanism is used to compress and heat the raw material atoms that will become the fuel needed for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, with a laser or other such mechanism, while irradiating them with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic motion within the compound molecules or in the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to induce nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts will be released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, which is then captured, and this process will be repeated.(Even if muons are irradiated onto cryogenically cooled liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part that has been compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) NZ: Nozzle section 1 PP: Steam turbine generator HX: Heat exchanger, steam generation section, steam pipe, cooling pipe 1 BKT: A section / blanket may be present that receives flying particles that have energy due to nuclear fusion reactions, such as neutrons and gamma rays, and converts them into thermal energy, etc., for use. If there is a RAM or reaction vessel section, a vessel section RAM where the FEED is packed and rammed, or a wall of the reaction vessel near the section where the nuclear reaction occurs, a blanket 1 BKT may be placed in the RAM section or within the vessel wall. AEC: Alpha ray energy conversion device (a device that receives alpha rays and converts them into electricity. The AEC may use alpha rays from titanium oxide or the like to generate radicals, which decompose water (as in a photocatalytic reaction) to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and then provide or output energy to the outside of the system in the form of hydrogen / chemical energy. *The AEC may be an alpha-voltaic cell. *The AEC part may receive the energy of alpha rays and generate photons of synchrotron radiation (of bremsstrahlung). The energy of the photons of this radiation may be used to cause chemical substances to undergo chemical or photochemical reactions. The photons may be irradiated onto the part to be heated to manufacture substances, or to heat or spray propellants / steam. A means for converting the wavelength of the photons of the radiation to the long wavelength side may be used to convert the wavelength of the photons of the radiation to the long wavelength side. The long-wavelength photons may be converted into photons on the long-wavelength side, and the long-wavelength photons may be received by a photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrically converted to obtain electricity, which may then be output from the system. Alternatively, if the long-wavelength photons have enough energy to undergo a photocatalytic reaction with a photocatalyst, they may be converted into hydrogen energy by causing a photocatalytic reaction that produces hydrogen and oxygen from water. If the long-wavelength photons have a wavelength that can dissociate the bonds within carbon dioxide and nitrogen molecules or cause a photochemical reaction, the carbon dioxide may be dissociated and converted into energy for chemical substances such as carbon, carbon compounds, and nitrogen compounds, which may then be output from the system. <Figure 9> PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM.RAM: Compression means such as a RAM section. Inertial confinement fusion is known, in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM section is a laser confinement or inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or a short wavelength on the gamma ray side so that the photon momentum can be increased). In this application, the target section or mixture may be compressed by a laser in the compression RAM section. (A muon injection process may be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM section may irradiate a laser, an ion beam, or an ion beam containing raw material atoms from multiple emitters so that the ion beam is focused on the part containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (It is also possible to use an inertial type such as a Z-pinch or magnetized target that can compress the raw material atoms and confine them by inertia.) In the RAM section, a laser or ramjet mechanism is used to compress and heat the raw material atoms that will become the fuel necessary for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, with a laser or other means, while irradiating them with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic motion within the compound molecules or in the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to induce nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts will be released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, which is then captured, and this process will be repeated. (Even if muons are irradiated onto liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT cooled to an extremely low temperature of a few Kelvin, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part that has been compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet section, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) RAMH: Heating means. (May be included in the RAM section. A means that can remotely irradiate a substance with electromagnetic waves or photons, such as a laser or microwave, and heat the substance. For example, in a system using water, hydrogen peroxide, and muons, water can be heated by microwaves. Alternatively, the substance may be heated by electromagnetic induction.For example, if a hydrocarbon is used as the source material and muons are used in the configurations of Figures 8 and 9 to induce nuclear fusion between carbon and hydrogen atoms that are chemically bonded and close to each other within the hydrocarbon, Figure 9 is more suitable than Figure 8 because the source material can be heated using a laser or other means. As the temperature rises with the laser or other heating means, the movement of atoms and particles within the source material becomes more active, which may be more effective in promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. (Laser heating, ion beams or neutral particle beams (NBI), ion beams or neutral particle beams (NBI) containing source atoms, particle beams combining muons and ions / source atoms, millimeter waves, microwaves, and other heating means are also acceptable.) RAM and RAMH may be capable of laser irradiation or ion beam irradiation. Laser compression may also be possible. Laser heating may also be possible. PUMP: Compressor, pump, motor. FEED: Source material (e.g., boron hydride, (hydrocarbon), hydrogen nitride, hydrogen oxide, etc.). (Liquid or solid targets such as lithium deuteride are also acceptable. The source material for the nuclear fusion reaction.) FEEDC: Feed control unit. It may also include a feed / raw material supply section, a fuel supply section, etc., and a section for removing post-nuclear fusion products such as helium. FP: Nuclear fusion (promotion) section.

[0030] <Figure 10> MU-MOVABLE-TGT: A (muon) target with a movable portion that receives the particle beam MU-DISK-TGT: A target that may be a disk-shaped one where the portion that receives the particle beam is rotatable and movable Muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT: A movable target that may be the disk-shaped muon target, where the portion that receives the beam is thin and the cross-sectional shape becomes thinner toward the outer periphery of the disk, and is wedge-shaped. MU-TGT-BRG: Support means such as bearings for supporting the movable portion when moving or rotating AXIS-TGT-BRG: A rotation axis when moving or rotating 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: A target unit with a motor and bearings and a means for moving the muon target and muon target. 2MU: An example of a muon generation unit M1. (It may include a target, accelerator, charge exchange beam injection section, charge adjusting section, proton particle beam injection section, proton particle beam accelerator section, muon capture solenoid, etc.) Muons at M1 may be bound to protons and atomic nuclei to generate (neutral particle beam) muonic atoms MP1. 2MU-ACC-RING: Circular accelerator, particle accelerator 2MU-FFAG: FFAG accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING: MERIT ring accelerator (The target in the wedge-shaped section may be inserted in a movable manner. A movable muon target that becomes thinner towards the inserted tip may be inserted. The muon target section may be formed on the outer periphery of a rotatable disk or the tip of a chainsaw and be movable. A proton particle beam is irradiated to the inner periphery of the circle, and then circularly and spirally accelerated by the accelerator and ring, transitioning to high energy and high speed on the outer periphery, and then The particles may then be capable of slowing down while colliding with the muon target, which may be movable, and recovering their energy to collide with the target again. (An accelerator in which particles may be slowed down by colliding with a target and move inward, but accelerated again to move to the outer periphery and collide again; an accelerator in which particles are stored, accumulated, and re-accelerated within a ring.) 2MU-FFAG-CS, 2MU-ACC-RING-CS, 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: A cross section of the accelerator taken between points CSP1 and CSP2, which is a cross section perpendicular to the toroidal direction when the accelerator is likened to a doughnut, or a cross section cut in the poloidal direction.A movable target (e.g., a thin, disk-shaped muon target) inserted into cross section CS of the circular accelerator MERIT ring, where a high-energy particle beam accelerated to high energy on the outer periphery, can be inserted and moved in the direction of the periphery of the accelerator cross section. CS: Cross section CS between points CSP1 and CSP2 (Fig. 12). Replacement and exchange system for the rotating target for muon generation after proton irradiation activation. Two movable muon targets, muon extraction ports, and muon capture solenoids are located inside the accelerator, and one of the extraction ports is shut down, allowing the muon target to be removed and replaced from the accelerator. 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: Movable muon target unit system that can be moved, inserted, and ejected inside the accelerator. MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT SOLENOID: Muon capture and transport solenoid <Fig. 11> 2TGT-EXCHANGE: Device for exchanging movable muon targets with a mechanical robot, target exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM: Arm unit / robot arm of the exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS: Rotation axis of the exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT: Motor of the exchange unit *It can also be a device like the record exchange unit of a jukebox. TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM: (JUKE BOX MACHINE LIKE) <Fig. 13> An example of a movable muon target, an example with a part that makes the chainsaw-like (or cableway-style / ropeway and lift-style) target movable. CHAIN-CATCHER: The chain catcher part of the chainsaw, which also allows the muon target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT on the saw chain to be replaced by a machine such as a robot arm. Chain-Sow-and-TGT: The guide bar part that guides the saw chain part to which the muon target TGT of the chainsaw is attached. (In Figure 13, the muons may be decelerated by the muon decelerator MUDECE.14 is an explanatory diagram of a particle production system characterized by accelerating and circulating a proton beam and helium in the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, accelerating hydrogen or helium in a part that may be a particle accelerator in the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING, and colliding them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to generate mesons and muons. Collisions between protons, protons and helium, or helium and helium may also be made. (An explanatory diagram of a particle production system characterized by accelerating and circulating a proton beam in the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, accelerating hydrogen or helium in a part that may be a particle accelerator in the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING, and colliding them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to produce mesons and muons. Collisions may also be made between protons and protons, or between protons and helium, or between helium and helium.) <Fig. 15> An explanatory diagram of a collision experiment system for meson production with helium and protons as the target, as one embodiment of the present application. A collision experiment system for meson production equipped with two paths 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND looped in (B). *The two paths, 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND, may be FFAG or MERIT accelerators or particle orbits within the accelerator. In the case of the MERIT method, even if the energy of helium and hydrogen atoms decreases after colliding within the paths of the two accelerators, the intention is to regenerate the energy and re-accelerate them within the accelerator, thereby generating mesons (or some other particle, elementary particle, or atomic nucleus) again. <Figure 13> (A) Example of a movable muon target (including a negative muon deceleration unit) MU-MOVABLE-TGT: Movable muon target 2MUCAP: Device that captures and moves muons. Muon acceleration unit, solenoid, etc. MUDECE-ELEMENT: A deceleration section / element arranged in a direction to slow down negative muons (a deceleration section using a laser wakefield accelerator may also be used). MUDECE (MDC): A decelerator including a MUDECE-ELEMENT.Muon decelerator (accelerator 2AC or accelerator A1 may be used for deceleration, which may be an accelerator using a laser wakefield) <Figure 14> 2MU: Muon generator 2MESON: Meson generator 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER: Particle collider, device for generating mesons and elementary particles through particle collisions 2MU-ACC-RING: Accelerator that accelerates, circulates, and moves protons and hydrogen (or helium) as an ion beam. First accelerator. 2MU-FFAG: FFAG type 2MU-ACC-RING. 2MU-MERIT-RING: MERIT ring type 2MU-ACC-RING. 2HE-ACC-RING: Accelerator that accelerates, circulates, and moves helium (or protons and hydrogen) as an ion beam. And accelerator orbit. Second accelerator. 2HE-FFAG: 2HE-ACC-RING of the FFAG formula. 2MU-FFAG-CS, 2MU-ACC-RING-CS, 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: Cross-section of the first accelerator. MU-MOVABLE-TGT: Movable target. The atoms in the muon target are movable. MU-P-HE-ORBIT-TGT: Movable muon target made of hydrogen or helium (ion beam, or orbit within the accelerator). A target for producing mesons and elementary particles called muons, which are helium or hydrogen that accelerate, circulate, and move through the accelerator. 2CLP: Intersection or collision point, or crossing or collision portion, of the orbits of accelerated particle ion beams. The portion where helium and hydrogen, helium and helium, or hydrogen and hydrogen collide (2CCP). A location where mesons and elementary particles can be produced through collisions. *The first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-FFAG-1ST accelerate and circulate a proton beam and particle beam (helium), and the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING and 2HE-FFAG-2ND accelerate a hydrogen or helium particle beam in a part that may be a particle accelerator, and collide them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING (2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND) to generate mesons and muons (elementary particles). <Figure 15> 2AC: Acceleration cavity, acceleration means. *A laser wakefield acceleration cavity may be used, and the laser may be a laser device, a particle accelerator, or a photon or laser of synchrotron radiation (radiation light) using alpha rays.2MGF: Magnet, deflection means / focusing means for ions, beams, and charged particles. Bending magnets such as bending electromagnets, and focusing magnets such as quadrupole electromagnets that focus and prevent the beam from scattering. 2ISRC: Ion source He (or H / p). Ion injection section. May include an ionization device or a device that accelerates and injects ions. 2EXTEJ: Ion removal section. May also be an ion intake section or ion extraction section. EX-ION: Ions removed by 2EXTEJ from among the ions moving and circulating in 2HE-FFAG-2ND (accelerator orbit). A separation method based on the difference in ion mass used in mass analysis may be used. Ions of different masses may be separated by utilizing the difference in mass relative to the ion's charge due to the charge and magnetic field. 2HE-FFAG-1ST: First accelerator. An FFAG-type circular accelerator that accelerates and circulates helium, etc. 2HE-FFAG-2ND: Second accelerator. FFAG-type circular accelerator that accelerates and circulates helium, etc. 2CLP: Part where two He particles and beams collide <Fig. 16> An explanatory diagram of an example (A) used for muon fusion and nuclide transmutation, and an example (B) used for producing product nuclei after element transmutation and nuclear transmutation, as one embodiment of the present application. <Fig. 16> 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER: Muon generation means, meson generation means, particle collision means. MUON-CAPTURE-TRANSPORT-SOLENOID: Means for capturing and transporting muons from mesons such as pions and K-mesons. A solenoid that captures pions with a magnetic field, moves the pions, and transports the muons while the pions transform into muons. MUDECE: A means for slowing down muons. A negative muon decelerator. A slow muon generation unit. MUDECE may be provided in the MUON-CAPTURE-TRANSPORT-SOLENOID unit. Negative muon decelerators that combine a pulsed power supply and a deceleration cell have been studied and are known, and may be used. It is preferable to use a negative muon decelerator that can slow down muons more slowly. The energy of negative muons generated using an accelerator / meson generation unit is approximately 300 keV (= 8 MeV / c) or more, and it is preferable to be able to slow them down to, for example, 30 keV or less. If a laser wakefield and an acceleration cavity / acceleration unit using it can be arranged in the opposite / deceleration direction, they may be arranged and used to decelerate negative muons.1F-SYS: Muon-based nuclear fusion system 1EXP-SYS: Muon-based experimental system, nuclear transmutation system (LLFP / MA nuclear transmutation system) FP: Nuclear fusion section, muon nuclear fusion section, part of the fusion section core. NCTP: Nuclear transmutation section, muon nuclear transmutation section, part of the nuclear transmutation core. Muonic-Atom-Generator: Part that combines negative muons with nucleus A (or B) to generate muonic atom A (or B). MA1: Muonic atom A (or B). (Atoms A / B irradiated onto the target) FUSIONED-T1-AB-X: Atom X. Atom X generated by nuclear fusion / nuclear transmutation of nuclei A and B by muons. T1-AB: Muon target T1 part consisting of a compound / mixture of combined nuclei A and B. Atom A and atom B can have different Z or the same Z. For example, atoms A and B may be the same carbon-12. T1-AB is a compound or mixture of atomic nuclei A and B bonded together. T1-AB may be a mixture of atoms A and B obtained by colliding atom A with atom B, or may be a mixture of atoms A and B arranged in close proximity. FUSIONED-T1-MA1B-X: Atom X. Atom X is produced by nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of muonic atoms A and B using muons. Atom Y may also be produced from atom X through a radioactive decay process. T1-B: Atom B (or A) target. T1-B is a movable T1 / T1-B with a muon / muonic atom irradiator. (T1-B may be a film surface or solid / liquid surface of a movable T1. Depending on the element, it may also be a gas or plasma beam.) T1-B may have its surface removed by the atom X removal process. (Just as the muon target MU-DISK-TGT, which may be a solid movable disk in FIG. 11, is polished with a grinding stone MU-DISK-GRINDING-DEVICE, atom X may be produced from atom A and atom B on target T1 by muon nuclear transmutation, and then atom X may be removed and recovered with a grinding stone or polishing / cutting means.) T1-IN: Atom supply process / means. Supply unit for atoms A and B. T1-OUT: Atom removal process / means. Removal unit for atom X.

[0031] <Fig. 17> An example of an embodiment of the present application, including a process of slowing down cosmic muons SM1 or high-speed muons and irradiating and bonding them with target atoms. (A) An example of slowing down high-speed cosmic muons using a dome-shaped decelerator array / decelerator 2MUDECE covering the celestial sphere / sky, capturing them in a capture unit 2CAP, and irradiating T1 with the slowed-down muons to attempt nuclear transmutation. (B) An example of directly irradiating a target T1 of source atoms / molecules with a laser to form an electric field 2LASER-EF / laser wakefield with enough strength to slow down cosmic muons, using the electric field to slow down the cosmic muons, and bonding the slowed-down muons with source atoms to attempt muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation. <Fig. 17> (A) An example of slowing down high-speed cosmic muons using a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere / sky, as seen from T1 located on the ground, and irradiating T1 with the muon to attempt nuclear transmutation. SM1: Cosmic muon (cosmic ray muon, cosmic ray muon particle) coming from the sky. High-speed cosmic muon SM1. When cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere (atmosphere), atmospheric molecules collide with spacecraft particles, generating cosmic ray pions and mesons, which then produce cosmic ray muons. Cosmic ray pions are generated at altitudes of around 20 km, while muons rain down at altitudes below 5 km. (Aircraft transport equipment 3 equipped with the system shown in Figure 17(A) is at an altitude capable of receiving cosmic muons. The aircraft 3 can use the cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation. Transport equipment 3 near the ground or at sea can also receive cosmic muons.) Cosmic rays: Particles flying through space with high energy. MDC-LASER: When a muon decelerator uses an accelerator that uses a laser wakefield as the decelerator, this is the laser light source and laser generation unit of the accelerator. An existing laser device may be used as the light source. Synchrotron radiation may also be used as the light source. MDC: Decelerator. 2MUDECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator (an accelerator may be used for deceleration) (an accelerator using a laser wakefield may be used, or accelerators 2AC or A1 may be used for deceleration) 2MUDECE-ARRAY: An array of 2MUDECE. Photons and lasers may be distributed to 2MUDECE. It may also include circuits for electricity, power, signals, lasers, etc. to drive 2MUDECE. 2MUCAP: MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT Device, a device that captures and moves muons. Solenoid, etc. T1: Target, FEED.According to one embodiment, the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS may perform muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation in a configuration in which muons are combined with muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion fuel atoms or raw material atoms (or raw material atoms themselves) that have been previously known and slowed down by a moderator 2MUDECE. Furthermore, the raw material atoms or fuel atoms for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation described herein, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, and nitrogen, may be used in the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS shown in Figures 13(B) and 13(A). The configuration, system, or device for slowing down cosmic muons shown in Figure 17 may be mounted on a transport vehicle 3. If muon nuclear transmutation can be performed using cosmic muons, a large accelerator becomes unnecessary. Therefore, there is an advantage in that the size of the transport vehicle 3 can be made more compact when mounted on the transport vehicle 3 if the large accelerator for generating muons can be eliminated. In order to compact the muon decelerator for cosmic muons, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used for deceleration. (Configurations for accelerating electrons and negatively charged particles to GeV levels using a laser wakefield are well known, and this application contemplates the deceleration of negative muons, which are particles of the same negative charge.) Furthermore, for the purpose of compactly mounting a muon / meson generation unit or a high-speed muon deceleration unit on transport equipment 3, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used to configure meson generation devices 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, and 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER. (B) An example in which a laser is directly irradiated onto a target T1 of raw material atoms or molecules to decelerate muons and attempt muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. 2LASER-PLASMA: The plasma portion generated by the laser and T1 when converting T1 into plasma and forming a laser wakefield. 2LASER-EF: Electric field created by the laser and T1, laser wake field formed within T1. T1, FEED: Target atoms to be transmuted / fused, raw material atoms, and fuel atoms. 2LASER: Laser source. MDC-LASER: Laser used in a laser-based decelerator (in this diagram, the laser may be generated using external energy, or photons and gamma rays may be generated using the energy of alpha rays and gamma rays generated by nuclear fusion / transmutation and used to generate a laser).AEC is the part that converts alpha ray energy, and in this diagram it is possible to extract photon energy through bremsstrahlung of alpha rays rather than electricity.) <Figure 18> *For a laser-based inertial confinement fusion reactor, a configuration that combines muon slowing down with muon slowing down by a laser wakefield using a laser pulse (a system that uses the target part of a pulsed laser inertial confinement fusion reactor as atomic nuclei with small Z such as B, C or N) *MDC-LASER (MDCL) laser source, pulsed laser source *Publicly known laser source for laser wakefield accelerator (A) 1F-SYS: Nuclear fusion system. 1EXP-SYS: Nuclear transmutation system. MDCL: Laser irradiation part T1 to target part T1. FEED: Target part T1, raw material atoms. (In the case of Figure 18, it may also serve as the gas, molecules, and atoms that form the plasma used to form the laser wakefield) 2MUDECE: Muon decelerator, particle decelerator (B) 2LASER-EF: Laser wakefield formed by laser LWF, electric field 2LASER-EF formation. Electric field that slows down muons. 2LASER-PLASMA: Plasma generated by irradiating T1 with a laser. It may contain T1, and muons may bind to T1, which is also plasma, after being slowed down. SM1: Cosmic muon, cosmic muon source M1: Muon, muon source M1F: High-speed muon M1L: Slowed-down muon (C) An explanatory diagram showing how muons are slowed down (captured) and irradiated and bound to T1 by an array of decelerators using a laser wakefield over a wide area. M1, SM1, M1F: High-speed muon source (When SM1 is used, it covers an area equivalent to 1,000 palms) 2MUDECE-ARRAY: Array of decelerators. M1L: Decelerated muons. T1: Target (When the target T1 part of a pulsed laser inertial confinement fusion reactor is the T1 part that muons can reach, an electric field is formed by the pulsed laser to decelerate the muons. If the muons are decelerated by the electric field, muon fusion between T1 part atoms may also occur as a result of the muons bonding with T1 part atoms.) <Figure 19> (A) 2MDCE-2DFD: A surface element (large-area array is also possible) that forms an electric field as one form of 2MUDECE. This part may be able to form electric and magnetic fields. 2MUDECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator PWSP: Power supply. Apply voltage and potential difference to 2MDCE-2DFD.Or a means for applying an electric field. (Power source for forming an electric field or magnetic field) (Power source for causing temperature when forming an electric field by temperature change as in the case of pyroelectrics. Source of temperature change) 2MUCAP: Muon capture part. LM1Z: Section where muons are attenuated and removed. Muons are attenuated by 2MUDECE and captured, removed and recovered by 2MUCAP, creating a location where cosmic rays and muons do not or are difficult to reach. (LM1Z may be formed from a muon decelerator and capture part, or it may be a section deep underground inside the ground that naturally contains high Z atoms) T1: Target T1-2COILB: Location when a magnetic field is applied to T1 with a coil. 2COIL: Means for applying magnetic field B to target part T1 and muons. Coil. T1-2BMU: T1-2BMU: The location T1 where a muon making a rotational motion (cyclotron motion) wrapped around magnetic field B comes into contact with the muon (the muon is stirred without T1 by applying magnetic field B to rotate it, increasing the reaction area between the muon and T1). (B) 2FDELE-PYR: Pyroelectric device (an element used when changing the temperature of a pyroelectric to generate an electric field in the pyroelectric, and using this electric field to slow down the muon. In one embodiment, this could be considered a form of capacitor element in which a pyroelectric and dielectric are sandwiched between electrodes. The 2FDELE-PYR may be a planar element that can be arranged over a large area.) VOLT-C: GND / voltage control unit T1: Target. FEED. (This may also be the electrode portion 2ER of target T1 controlled by VOLT-C.) 2PYR-EF: Electric field created by the pyroelectric. Muons may also be slowed down in this portion. 2PYR: Pyroelectric body. *2PYR may also be the muon target T1. P: Polarization. 2PYR-PEF: Electric field inside the pyroelectric body. Muons may be slowed down in this area. 2ER: Electrode section TEMP-C: Temperature change means, heater / cooler section -Z surface: Thickness and height of the pyroelectric body in the z direction, toward the target, upward in the drawing. +Z surface: Z toward the heater side, downward in the drawing. <Figure 20> 2MUDECE: Muon slower constructed using a capacitor element in this figure (A) Voltage is applied to the insulator capacitor to form an electric field in the insulator (constructed from low-Z atoms that do not easily trap muons) 2ER: Electrode (example) An electrode made of low-Z atoms. Carbon electrode, lithium metal electrode 2LZI: Insulator (example) An insulator made of low-Z atoms.2ER and 2LZI may be made of low-Z atoms that are difficult to trap muons, such as carbon insulators, diamonds, and hydrocarbon solvents. Furthermore, 2ER and 2LZI can function as capacitor elements and as the target T1 portion that bonds with muons when an electric field is formed to decelerate them. Therefore, 2ER and 2LZI may contain source atoms capable of muon transmutation or muon fusion, such as carbon-12, nitrogen-15, and hydrogen. (For example, 2LZI is an insulator containing carbon-12, and 2ER is a carbon-based electrode made of carbon-12 with metallic lithium as a current collector, mesh electrode, busbar, or busbar.) *2ER may be connectable to other circuits. For example, the 2ER may be pulled out of the deceleration section and connected to copper or aluminum wires, circuits, or busbars (away from the deceleration section) to avoid interfering with muon deceleration or use. 2FDELE: An electric field-generating element; a capacitor element formed by sandwiching a 2LZI between 2ERs. *When multiple capacitor elements are used, the elements may be connected in series in an electrical circuit. *An explanatory diagram of capacitor elements arranged over a large area to slow down cosmic muons. The element is a capacitor-type sheet device, and is expected to become a solar cell-like planar element. 2FDELE-LAM: A stack of 2FDELE elements. (2FDELEs are electrically connected in series in the height and stacking directions.) PWSP: Power supply unit. A power supply unit that applies a potential difference / voltage to the capacitor elements 2FDELE and 2FDELE-LAM to form an electric field within the capacitor element. (B1) An electric field is formed by applying a voltage to the electric double layer capacitor EDLC (composed of low-Z atoms that do not easily trap muons). 2ER: Electrode 2FDELE-EDL-MPI: A portion including the electric double layer portion. A portion that forms an electric double layer at the interface of the porous membrane, making the electric double layer portion an insulator / dielectric (or equivalent). Porous electrode. PWSP: Power supply unit. Pulse power supply unit. The 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP may be made of low-Z atoms that are difficult to trap muons. Furthermore, the 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP can function as a capacitor element and as a target T1 portion that bonds with the decelerated muons when an electric field is formed to decelerate the muons. Therefore, the 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP may contain source atoms that can cause muon nuclear transmutation or muon nuclear fusion, such as carbon-12 or nitrogen-15 and hydrogen.2FDELE-EDL: element in which an electric field is formed, a capacitor element / electric double layer capacitor element formed by sandwiching 2FDELE-EDL-MPI between 2ER. 2FDELE-EDL-LAM: stack of elements 2FDELE-EDL (2FDELE-EDL are electrically connected in series in the height direction and stacking direction). (B2) Enlarged view of EDLC part 2ER-MPI: porous membrane, porous electrode (EG: porous carbon electrode), porous electrode of electric double layer capacitor. 2EDL: electric double layer formed in the electrode part 2ER-MPI-MICRO: enlarged part of 2ER-MPI, porous electrode part. 2ELYT: electrolyte (contains electrolyte).

[0032] <Figure 21> An explanatory diagram of a spacecraft or space structure that generates muons from cosmic rays, slows them down, and uses them for nuclear transmutation and energy to drive transportation equipment. 3: Transportation equipment 3, energy supply target 3 (including aircraft, spacecraft, space structure, artificial satellite, space station, space habitat, lunar base, far-side lunar base, and structures in locations where sunlight does not reach). COSRAY1: Cosmic rays. 2MU-COSRAY: A part that receives cosmic rays and generates mesons, pions, and muons. Muon generation source. SMR1. It may be an array-shaped 2MU-COSRAY, or it may be configured so that muons can be injected into 2MUDECE. SM1: Cosmic muons. Muons generated by cosmic rays. A1: Particle accelerator. Particle generator / irradiator. M1: Muon system, P1: Proton system. MA1: Muonic atom generator. Artificial muons (muonic atoms) may be converted into muonic atoms and slowed down. M1F: Fast muons (SM1 or fast M1) 2MUDECE: *MUDECE muon decelerator, decelerator array 2MUDECE-ARRAY may also be used. (2MUDECE may include 2MUCAP, a part that captures and moves muons.) M1L: Decelerated muons T1-HARVESTER: A means of harvesting T1 from other planets, moons, and celestial bodies; a source of T1. A means of collecting fuel from outside (asteroids, natural celestial bodies) FEEDC1: A supply unit for fuel F1 (FEED) and target T1. *T1 / F1 containment vessel / fuel storage unit, automatic target exchange device, T1 / fusion / transmutation fuel supply system. 1R: Transmutation / fusion reactor. 1F-SYS: Fusion system. 1EXP-SYS: Transmutation system. T1, F1: Target unit for atoms to be transmuted. Feed section. Nuclear transmutation fuel section. Nuclear transmutation reaction section / core section. In the T1 section, muons and T1s combine to promote muon nuclear transmutation. HE1: A product produced when nuclear transmutation occurs in T1. For example, high-energy helium alpha rays. AEC: Alpha ray energy conversion section. The section that converts the energy of alpha rays into other energy sources. The AEC may be a traveling-wave direct energy converter (TWDEC / Traveling-Wave Direct Energy Converter). The AEC may also be a direct energy converter that converts the kinetic energy of the particles generated into electrical energy.Example: A part that bends the direction of travel of high-energy (high kinetic energy) alpha rays (using bending means, the magnetic field of coil 2, etc.) to cause synchrotron radiation and bremsstrahlung, converting them into synchrotron radiation, gamma rays, and photons (light energy). (*Alpha rays can be stopped even by thin paper. Therefore, alpha rays can be stopped by a part that stops them, such as paper or a sheet, to cause bremsstrahlung. Alpha rays can also be stopped by a sheet made of low-Z atoms to generate photons. To prevent gamma rays from being generated when alpha rays are stopped and activating the reactor, alpha rays can be stopped by using atoms that are difficult to activate (low-Z atoms). *By mutually employing alpha rays and material atoms, atoms can be excited by the excitation action of alpha ray collisions, or electrons can be ejected from atoms through ionization, ionizing the atoms. The phenomenon of alpha rays being scattered by atoms can also be caused. *When gamma rays interact with matter and the photon energy is 1.022 MeV or greater, electron pair production can occur (producing positron-electron pairs), so electron pair production and positron production may be possible in the AEC section. Energy conversion may be performed in the AEC section using the photoelectric effect, or high-speed electrons (photoelectrons) may be generated. The Compton effect may occur, causing gamma rays to collide with electrons in the material, scattering the electrons and generating Compton electrons. *While it is desirable to avoid the conversion of nuclei from the materials that make up the AEC section and reaction path 1R into radioactive elements through photonuclear reactions, high-Z nuclei can emit neutrons in photonuclear reactions, creating many paths for them to become radioactive, so it may be possible to refrain from using them and use low-Z nuclei instead. (However, since high-Z atoms have a higher ability to absorb and shield gamma rays, this does not mean that high-Z atoms are not used.) *When nuclear transformation occurs at T1 and alpha rays are generated, the direction of the alpha rays can be bent using the magnetic field of coil 2COIL to promote the generation of synchrotron radiation, gamma rays, and photons. 1PRPLT: Propellant. Propellant ejected behind 3 during accelerated propulsion. Photons, alpha rays, etc. Also, the propellant used during electric propulsion or rocket propulsion. (When propelling through the atmosphere, 1TH is the atmosphere or air ejected by a jet thruster or propeller motor.) 1TH: Propulsion means. (A thruster that emits alpha rays, a thruster that ejects photons, an electric thruster, etc.)Propeller motor, jet engine, etc.) 1TH-NZ: Nozzle (1TH and 1TH-ZL may be able to change the direction of propellant ejection. For example, when 3 accelerates, propellant is ejected behind 3, and when 3 decelerates, it is ejected in front of 3) 1GENR: Power generation unit. Part that generates electricity using the energy of helium in HE1. 3SYS: System of 3 (may include power electrical system, control system, and control unit of 3). May receive power supply from 1GENR. Power may be supplied from 3SYS to devices and locations belonging to 3.

[0033] <Figure 6> Figure 6 shows a hypothetical diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction system (A) using diborane (B) and a nuclear transmutation system using carbon (C) or nitrogen (D). M1: Muon generation / injection / introduction means (negative muons at an appropriate speed) (A) irradiates diborane, which is composed of hydrogen and boron-11, with negative muons, causing muonic fusion of the boron-11 and hydrogen in the diborane, resulting in nuclear transmutation into excited carbon-12 nuclei (12C*), which are then converted into three helium atoms. (C) (C1) shows the process by which muons bond with carbon-12 in carbon materials such as graphite and diamond, which are composed of carbon-12, to generate excited carbon-12 nuclei (12C*), which are then converted into three helium atoms. In (D), a negative muon is irradiated onto an azan hydrazine containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, causing muonic fusion of the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen in the azan, transmuting them into a carbon nucleus (12C*) and one alpha particle. (The remaining carbon-12C* is then converted into three helium atoms through a muon-carbon nuclear transmutation.) (C2) and (C3) are hypothetical diagrams of what happens when a muon is irradiated inside an alkane molecule; while it has not been confirmed how the reaction actually occurs, muonic fusion of carbon-12 and hydrogen within an alkane is possible. When a muon binds to a carbon-12 atom, it can be transmuted into three helium atoms. The effective nuclear charge, Z, of a carbon atom is greater than that of a hydrogen atom. *In an example of a carbon-hydrogen fusion reaction with methane, gamma rays and nitrogen-13 or nitrogen-14 can be produced, and nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 have a larger effective nuclear charge Z than carbon, making it easier for nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 to trap muons than carbon, which may hinder the muonic fusion reaction in an example of a carbon-hydrogen fusion reaction. *On the other hand, when muonic fusion is performed between boron-11 and hydrogen or nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, or when muonic transmutation of carbon-12 into three excited helium atoms is performed, the reaction formula does not emit gamma rays, but is characterized by the production and release of helium (in the case of nitrogen-15, carbon-12 is produced, but if carbon-12 is excited and converted into three helium atoms), and there is a possibility that muonic fusion and transmutation reactions may occur continuously, and so may be used in this application.

[0034] <Figure 25> Explanatory diagram of the neutrino-using communication system 1NUT-COM, with symbol explanations: 1NUT-COM: Neutrino communication system 1NUT-TX: Neutrino transmitter. TX section of 1NUT-COM. 1NUT-High: High energy neutrinos 1NUT-Low: Low energy neutrinos 2MUDECE: Decelerator 2MUCAP: Muon capture section 2MUTRAP: Muon trap section. Cosmic ray trap and removal section. LM1Z: Muon attenuation and removal section. (Computers, memory devices, and processing devices may be placed in LM1Z within transport equipment 3LM1Z with the intention of preventing cosmic rays and muons from entering structure 3 or transport equipment 3 to interfere with, malfunction, or destroy computers and control units such as memory devices and processing devices. Also, communication devices, input devices, output devices, sensors, detectors, radio wave detectors, particle detectors, and neutrino detectors may be placed in LM1Z of 3 to prevent communication devices and detection devices of 3 from malfunctioning, stopping, or being destroyed by the effects of cosmic rays and muons.) 1 COMPUTER: computer, calculator, electronic computer, quantum computer 1 MEMORY: memory device 1 PROCESSOR: processing device 1 NETWORK: communication network 1 NUT-RX: neutrino receiving unit. RX unit of 1 NUT-COM. 2 PMT-HIE: high-energy particle, high-energy neutrino detection unit 2 PMT-LOWE: low-energy particle, low-energy neutrino detection unit 2 SENSE: sensor. Particle detection sensor 2PMT-CNT: signal counter unit, signal detection unit 2PMT-CON: PMT control unit 2NUTDET-CON: control unit. Detector control unit 1NUT: neutrino / neutrino 1NUT-BEAM: neutrino beam 1NUT-TX: neutrino transmitter, which can be a beam 1NUT-RX: neutrino receiver 2MU-BY-NUT: unit that converts neutrinos into muons. 2MU: muon generator 1MU-TX: muon transmitter 1MU-RX: muon receiver. 2MUDECE: muon decelerator 2PMT: photomultiplier tube. 2SENSE: sensor. Particle detection sensor. T1: target for muons and particles. target unit that causes particles to collide or bond. (It would be good if muons could transmute atoms. It would also be good if the energy generated by nuclear transmutation or particle decay could be detected by 2SENSE.) <Figure 26> Symbol Explanation: 3NTX-LEMT: Space structure equipped with a neutrino transmitter, 3NTX (neutrinos of different masses may be transmitted). 2MS-NUT-GRAV or 3NRX may be able to transmit neutrinos of a mass, energy, and type (or a group of multiple types of neutrinos) that are favorable for communication, taking into account the effects of neutrino oscillation and gravity / gravitational forces. 3NRX can measure the mass and energy of neutrinos transmitted from 3NTX as they change due to oscillation and also taking into account the gravity of 2MS-NUT-GRAV. (Neutrinos that are subjected to gravity / gravitational forces and are oscillating may be measured by 3NRX.) Neutrinos emitted from 3NTX may be a neutrino beam, 1NUT-BEAM. Leptons and neutrinos may be emitted from 3NTX. 1NUT-EMT-MIX: Neutrino mass and orbital section that may contain neutrinos of different masses, several types, or three types. 1NUT-BEAM: 1 NUT for the beam. 1NUT-LEPTON: 1 NUT for the lepton. 2MS-NUT-GRAV: Section that separates neutrinos of different masses due to gravity and gravitational forces (forces). 1NUTE-ORBIT, 1NUTM-ORBIT, 1NUTT-ORBIT: Orbits of 1NUT electron (1NUTE), muon (1NUTM), and tau (1NUTT) neutrinos whose orbits have changed due to gravity and gravitational forces (forces) in 2MS-NUT-GRAV. 3NRX-ELEN / -MUN / -TAUN: Space structure with neutrino detector 3 (-ELEN: electron, -MUN: muon, -TAUN: tau neutrino suffixes.) *The further away from 2MS-NUT-GRAV, the larger the orbital and distance variations dEM and dET can potentially be when neutrinos change orbit and are separated by 2MS-NUT-GRAV (the distance difference dEM between the electron neutrino's orbit 1NUTE-ORBIT and the muon neutrino's orbit 1NUTM-ORBIT, and the difference dET between the tau neutrino's orbit 1NUTT-ORBIT), and for the purpose of using the vastness of space to make the difference larger, a detector can be equipped on transportation equipment 3 that can move through space as a neutrino observation spacecraft / satellite / structure 3NRX, and the distance difference can be used to resolve and detect electron, muon, and tau neutrinos (by making the difference in positional distance larger). ) In order to detect neutrinos, 3NRX may be equipped with LM1Z, a section for attenuating cosmic rays and muons, or a particle decelerator, and sensors and detectors may be placed within LM1Z of 3NRX to attempt neutrino detection.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present application, in one form of generating atoms, atoms with a Z greater than that of neon (Ne) may be bonded and fused with other atomic nuclei using muons. *In one embodiment of the present application, although it is unclear whether this will be realized due to the possibility that muons may be trapped as Z increases or that the Coulomb barrier may be greater as Z increases (by analogy with the nuclear fusion example of Li, B, N, and F), for example, hydrogen may be bonded to sodium-23 (23Na) to produce sodium hydride (NaH), and the NaH may be used as a target T1, and muons may be irradiated onto T1 to cause nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of hydrogen and sodium. Alternatively, muons may be irradiated onto T1 of aluminum hydride (AlH3), in which hydrogen is bonded to aluminum-27, to cause muon fusion of aluminum-27 and hydrogen. Atoms of lithium, boron, nitrogen, fluorine, sodium, and aluminum (where Z is an odd number), as well as phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, scandium, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, and copper, can be fused and transmuted with hydrogen atoms (in one form, deuterium D and T) using muons. The following are hypothetical examples of reactions. (Note: 4He is helium-4.) <Potential examples of nuclear fusion. The larger the Z, the larger the Coulomb barrier. > Proton-Lithium-7: 1p + 7Li-> 4He + 17.2 MeV, Proton-Boron-11: 1p + 11B-> 3 x 4He (= 8Be + 4He) + 8.7 MeV, Proton-Nitrogen-15: 1p + 15N-> 12C + 4He + 5.0 MeV, Proton-Fluorine-19: 1p + 19N-> 16O + 4He + 8.114 MeV, <Anticipated example of nuclear transmutation (when atomic nuclei are fused)> Note: This is an assumed example of a reaction that simply slides one helium at a time, using the reaction from Li to F above as a model, and does not prove that it can occur from Na to Cu. Considering that the binding energy per nucleon is greatest for Fe and Ni, the combinations below are those up to copper, which exceeds Ni.Proton-Sodium-23:1p+23Na->20Ne+4He, Proton-Aluminum-27:1p+27Al->24Mg+4He, Proton-Phosphorus-31:1p+31P-> 28Si+4He, Proton-Chlorine-35:1p+35Cl->32S+4He, Proton-Potassium-39:1p+39K->36Ar+4He, Proton-Scandium-43: 1p + 43Sc -> 40Ca + 4He, Proton-Vanadium-47: 1p + 47V -> 44Ti + 4He, Proton-Manganese-51: 1p + Mn51 -> 48Cr + 4He, Proton-Cobalt-55: 1p + Co55 -> 52Fe + 4He, Proton-Copper-59: 1p + Cu59 -> 56Ni + 4He *In the case of negative muons, the larger the Z, the weaker the interaction that binds to the nucleus, potentially shortening its lifespan. *The larger the Z, the larger the Coulomb barrier. *This is not limited to atoms with odd Z. The previous paragraph described a nuclear fusion reaction that emits alpha rays when atoms such as oxygen-18 are fused with hydrogen, and there are also examples of nuclear fusion reactions with atoms with even Z. Therefore, one embodiment of the present application is not limited to atoms with odd Z. *In this application, a muon fusion reaction system may be used in which atom A with a certain atomic number Z (e.g., boron-11, nitrogen-15, nitrogen-14, etc.) is subjected to muon fusion with another atom B (e.g., hydrogen atom, D, etc.) to produce atom X with a lower atomic number Z than atom A (e.g., alpha rays or an atom with a lower Z than atom A; in the case of nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, alpha rays and carbon-12).

[0036] <Nuclear transmutation of carbon atoms> ○Boron-11 and hydrogen nuclei undergo nuclear fusion to form excited carbon-12 nuclei (12C*), which then produce three alpha rays. According to one embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 22A , in a carbon material (—C—C—C—C—) obtained by bonding carbon nuclei together, when a muon bonds to a carbon nucleus of the carbon material through a muon nucleus capture reaction and converts the carbon nucleus into a boron nucleus through the muon nucleus capture reaction, 10-20 MeV, a part of the muon's rest mass energy (rest energy) of 106 MeV, is provided to the boron nucleus (originally a carbon nucleus) to create the excited boron nucleus B*, and if there is a carbon nucleus adjacent to the boron nucleus B*, the excitation energy (energy that excites a nucleus) of the boron atom B* moves and is transmitted to the adjacent carbon nucleus, exciting the adjacent carbon nucleus, and when an excited adjacent carbon nucleus C* is formed, the excited carbon C* can be decayed into a helium alpha ray. Therefore, it is possible to irradiate and introduce muons into the carbon material in which carbon atoms are bonded together in the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS to cause muon nuclear transmutation, which converts carbon atoms into helium atoms. (Figure 22(A) of the present application, etc.) *According to one aspect of the present application, a muon may be irradiated onto and bonded to a carbon-12 nucleus, the muon may bind to the carbon-12 nucleus through a muon nuclear capture reaction, a part of the muon's rest mass energy (rest energy) of 106 MeV may be imparted to the nucleus to create an excited nucleus, and the excited nucleus may be nuclear transmuted into an atom (helium) having a smaller atomic number than the excited nucleus. *According to one aspect of the present application, a muon may be irradiated onto and introduced into a carbon material T1 obtained by bonding carbon nuclei (which may be carbon-13, for example), the muon may bind to the carbon nucleus of the carbon material through a muon nuclear capture reaction, and when the carbon nucleus is converted into a boron nucleus by the muon nuclear capture reaction, the boron nucleus may be excited, releasing the structure of (three) alpha rays in the carbon nucleus adjacent to the boron atom, causing a nuclear transmutation reaction to produce alpha rays and helium.(For example, a carbon material made of carbon-13 may be irradiated with muons, thereby transmuting the carbon-13 into alpha rays.) *According to one embodiment of the present application, a positive muon may be irradiated and introduced into a carbon material T1 obtained by bonding carbon nuclei (which may include carbon isotopes such as carbon-13), (then, for example, a high-energy positron may be generated from the positive muon by decay, and the positron may be caused to collide with the carbon nuclei and carbon-13 nuclei), exciting the carbon nuclei and carbon-13 nuclei and transmuting the carbon nuclei into alpha rays (and particles / neutrons). (For example, if the excited carbon-13 nuclei are transmuted into alpha rays and neutrons, and the neutrons then undergo beta decay, the neutrons can emit protons, electrons, neutrinos, and energy, so the nuclear transmutation system may attempt to cause this nuclear transmutation.) *According to one aspect of the present application, a carbon material obtained by the bonding of carbon nuclei (which may include carbon isotopes such as carbon-13) is irradiated with muons to provide the muon's stationary energy to the carbon nuclei, exciting the nuclei and transmuting the carbon nuclei into alpha rays and particles (and neutrons), and then the neutrons can emit particles, protons, electrons, neutrinos, and energy if they undergo beta decay, so the nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS may irradiate the carbon material and carbon nuclei with muons to attempt nuclear transmutation. (*We have disclosed an idea for nuclear transmutation of a carbon material containing multiple chemically bonded carbon-12 nuclei, carbon-13 nuclei, and carbon nuclei, and the decay of the nuclei into helium, as a nuclear transmutation system using muons having a process of nuclear transmuting into atoms with a smaller effective nuclear charge or atomic number than the raw material atoms. Note that nuclear transmutation of carbon atoms such as carbon-12 and carbon-13 has not been demonstrated. *Reaction formulas such as the nuclear fusion of boron-11 and protons and the nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15 and hydrogen that can appear in the CNO cycle reaction are publicly known.) *In this application, muons may be irradiated onto a material made of carbon atoms, a carbon material, or a carbon nucleus, and the muons may be bonded to the carbon nuclei to transmute the carbon nuclei. Muons may be irradiated onto and bonded to carbon-12, carbon-13, etc. carbon nuclei, to transmute them into atoms with a smaller effective nuclear charge or atomic number than the carbon nuclei.

[0037] *Cosmic muons can be slowed down and irradiated onto hydrogen molecules and hydrogen, and used for muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms. (Plasma containing hydrogen, D, and T can be confined in a magnetic field, and muons can be irradiated to promote magnetic confinement nuclear fusion.) If cosmic rays and cosmic muons can be used, even if the problem of helium being produced between hydrogen atoms and the reaction stops, no energy is required to generate muons, and if the energy balance of slowing down muons and irradiating them onto hydrogen fuel to cause nuclear fusion is sufficient, they may be used for cosmic muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion power generation.

[0038] <Figure 27> 4D-MUCF: Torus-shaped or annular vessel (may be a plasma vessel or vacuum vessel, or a solid, liquid, or gas vessel or pressure vessel). A donut-shaped vessel is also acceptable. 4T-MUCF: Tubular or cylindrical vessel (may be a plasma vessel or vacuum vessel, or a solid, liquid, or gas vessel or pressure vessel). A cylindrical, box-shaped, or tubular vessel is also acceptable. 1F-SYS: Fusion system, 1EXP-SYS: Transmutation system, 1R: Fusion reactor, transmutation reactor, or reactor. *In Figure 27, the ITER fusion reactor may be equipped with the necessary equipment for a fusion reactor. For muon fusion reactors, the necessary equipment for a fusion reactor, such as the T1 / FEED supply system, power generation unit, heat exchanger, AEC, and fusion product / helium removal unit, as shown in Figures 10 to 7 and 21, may be equipped in the 4D-MUCF or 4T-MUCF vessel. (A) A top view of the annular vessel. T1-FEED: Target of raw material atoms to be transmuted, transmutation raw material. M1: Muon, muon source, muon generation / irradiation / input to T1. MA1: Muonic atoms, muonic atom generation / irradiation / input to T1. (4P-DEVICE: Device to feed raw material to the 4D-vessel / FEED section, which is plasma, to T1-FEED, fuel supply section, equipment to support the fusion reactor 1R.) (4D-DEVICE: Device to feed raw material to the 4D-vessel / FEED section, which is liquid / gas, etc. to T1-FEED, fuel supply section, equipment to support the 1R.) 4D -IGNIS: Ignition device (a part that heats the FEED in a thermonuclear fusion reactor, such as a CS coil, and leads to the initial nuclear fusion, or a muon irradiation part that leads to the initial muon nuclear fusion in muon nuclear fusion. A device for initiating nuclear fusion, an ignition part. *In the case of muon nuclear fusion, this is the muon irradiation part, or the part that inertially confines or magnetically confines the FEED to heat it when irradiating muons. It can also be a neutral particle injector or a FEED heating part using RF or photons.) 4P-2MU: A part that irradiates muons into plasma. It can also be an injection part or neutral particle injector for muonic atoms / particles that have been bonded with muons to make them charge neutral. (It can also include a muon decelerator.) 4D-2MU: A part that irradiates muons into liquid / gas / solid T1 / FEED. It can also be an injection part or neutral particle injector for muons or muonic atoms / particles. (May include muon decelerator) LM14D: M1 introduction part, connection part to container 4D-MUCF: container 4D-MUCF-ROT: rotatable container.4D-IN: Vessel wall / vessel surface. The part inside the vessel facing the FEED, T1, and fusion section. 4AXS: The axis of rotation of the vessel in the toroidal direction. In the case of a vessel that rotates in the toroidal direction (4D-MUCF-ROT), this is the central axis when rotating in the toroidal direction. 2COIL: Coil for forming the magnetic vessel. Can be a stellarator or helical type. Coil that forms a magnetic field in the toroidal direction. (May include tokamak type coils and TF coils, and broadly speaking, a magnetic field generating means that confines charged particles such as muons and plasma within the vessel) Stellarator / helical coil 2COIL-STR, tokamak type coil 2COIL-TOK, TF coil, CS coil, PF coil, etc.) FEED-MF: FEED / T1 inside the magnetic vessel T1-2BMU: Magnetic field, magnetic field that passes through the target T1. 4MFC-ORBIT: A magnetic vessel, a magnetic vessel formed in a toroidal direction around 4AXS, and the orbit of the magnetic vessel. 4MU-ORBIT: A muon held in a magnetic vessel and rotating, or a magnetic vessel holding a muon, or a muon held in a magnetic vessel. *4D-MUCF may rotate muons, charged particles, and plasma within a magnetic vessel using 4MFC-ORBIT, T1-2BMU, and 4MU-ORBIT around 4AXIS as the central axis, or confine muons in that area. (cf: Alternatively, as shown in Figures 10 to 15, a muon target section and a particle target section may be inserted to form a section 2CLP in which the 4MU-ORBIT traverses around 4AXS and collides with the target section, particles, or muons, and the particles may be collided with each other to generate particles.) (B) Annular vessel, horizontal view [cross-sectional view of section A-A'] (CS-COIL: CS-COIL if necessary) 4D-MUCF: Annular vessel. 4D-IN: Vessel wall (may be a conductor) 2COIL: Coil, TF-COIL, Helical-COIL. T1-2BMU, 4MU-ORBIT (magnetic vessel, muons in the magnetic vessel) 4D-MUCF-ROT: Rotatable vessel. (C) Cylindrical containers (cylindrical containers) 1F-SYS, 1EXP-SYS, 1R4T-MUCF: containers, cylindrical container 4T-MUCF-ROT: rotatable container.M1, MA1, M1F: high-speed muons or muonic atoms; 2MUDECE: muon decelerator, muonic atom decelerator; M1L: decelerated muons (muonic atoms); 4STAT: support and fixed part for the vessel (bearing 4B for rotation, vessel rotation part 4ROT); 2COILs-FOR-4T: group of coils for forming a magnetic vessel within the cylindrical vessel (note that the coils may be arranged in a manner that allows a magnetic vessel to be formed within the cylindrical vessel, and the vessel material may be such that such a vessel can be formed); (2ICF: inertial confinement means for inertial confinement of the T1 part. This is a part that compresses the T1 part using a laser or ion beam); AEC: alpha ray energy conversion part, charged particle direct generator (converter) (if necessary, 1TH-NZ nozzle, 1TH: thruster); 1GENR: power generation part. This may be a part that generates electricity using light or electromagnetic waves generated by the AEC, such as a photoelectric conversion element. (Although there would be more moving parts, it could also be a turbine-type power generation section that boils water, generates steam, and rotates a turbine, like a thermal power generation section.) 1PRPLT: Propellant (propellant injected using particles and alpha rays generated after nuclear fusion, or photons and particles generated by nuclear fusion energy and their energy input) (A*) Magnetic field of the annular container and muon trajectory 4MU-ORBIT: Magnetic field trajectory that confines muons (magnetic container) 2MUDECE: Decelerator (it may be possible to remotely and non-contactly inject high-speed muons M1F into a rotating 4D-MUCF-ROT container, slowing them down in this section to obtain decelerated muons M1L) M1-CYCLB: Muons rotating, moving, in circular motion, spiral motion, or cyclotron motion due to the magnetic field within T1. 4D-MUCF-H: 4D-MUCF container that can generate helical and stellarator-type magnetic containers. 4D-MUCF: A vessel capable of generating magnetic vessels such as helical and tokamak types. (In the case of a tokamak type, it may be possible to heat the T1, FEED, and plasma sections using a CS coil.) <Combination with other nuclear fusion methods> *The system of the present application may be combined with other nuclear fusion methods, such as a laser-based inertial confinement nuclear fusion reactor or a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor, to enable nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation.<Configuration in which T1 is mounted in a tokamak, helical, mirror, spheroc, or FRC-type vessel of a magnetic confinement fusion reactor, and muons are irradiated onto T1 to perform muon fusion.> For example, Figure 27 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in which muons are irradiated from a muon generator M1 onto a target T1 in a vessel 4D-MUCF equipped with a coil 2COIL or a stellarator-helical coil 2COIL, which may be multiple TF coils arranged in the toroidal direction. The vessel and coil of the vessel 4D-MUCF may be a donut-shaped or annular vessel equipped with a TF coil of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), or a vessel 4D-MUCF equipped with the same vessel or coil as the donut-shaped or annular vessel of the stellarator-type Wendelstein 7-X (Germany) or the Large Helical Device (LHD) (Japan). For example, a 4D-MUCF with a plasma T1 section may be equipped with reactor walls, blankets, diverters, vessels, vacuum vessels, and pressure vessels, similar to the ITER device. (Ports designed to maintain vacuum and pressure may be equipped with openings and windows. For example, the reactor walls may be equipped with muons that can be introduced into T1 within the vessel from a muon generation and irradiation unit M1 attached to the outside or inside the vessel.) Similarly to the ITER device, the 4D-MUCF may be equipped with magnetic confinement-related components, such as a center solenoid coil (CS coil), a toroidal field coil (TF coil), a poloidal field coil, and coils, electric wires, and conductors (including superconducting wires). Similarly to the ITER device, the 4D-MUCF may be equipped with a plasma heating device, a radio-frequency heating device, a neutral particle injector, and an ion beam injector. The 4D-MUCF may be equipped with a power supply system, a cooling system (reactor wall-related and coils), a T1 fuel supply system, a fuel recovery system, a fusion product recovery system, a vacuum pump, a pump, a pressure regulator, valves, various sensors and control equipment, a computer, a power supply, a remotely operated reactor wall replacement device, or a robot. Furthermore, in the case of a rotatable vessel 4D-MUCF-ROT, the 4D-MUCF may be equipped with a bearing 4B / support unit as shown in FIG. 31, or a vessel rotation unit 4ROT. The rotation unit / propulsion unit 4ROT / 4ROT-TH used to propel the vessel rotation may be a chemical rocket propulsion unit, a hydrogen combustion rocket unit, or a 4ROT / 4ROT-TH propulsion unit that uses lasers to heat, vaporize, and ablate solid fuel, so as to provide sufficient thrust to propel the heavy vessel.) A nuclear fusion / nuclear transmutation system including a vessel 4D-MUCF may be equipped with a means capable of irradiating muons into T1 of the vessel 4D-MUCF. A system including a 4D-MUCF may also be equipped with a muon moderator or capture unit. If T1 in the vessel 4D-MUCF is a fluid, it may be equipped with a fluid pressure regulator, a vessel-based cooling / temperature regulator, a T1 circulation pump, a T1 supply unit, and a unit for recovering the fusion product EX1. If T1 in the vessel 4D-MUCF is plasma, it may be equipped with a plasma heating device, a neutral particle injector, and an ion beam injector. *The reactor wall 4D-IN of the 4D-MUCF (or vessel 4D-MUCF) may be a seamless vessel or reactor wall made by hammering, stamping, or forging a seamless metal plate or block. (It may be made of a seamless forged product made by stamping or forging metal so that it can withstand the pressure caused by the expansion of fluid T1 when it is heated, the vacuum pressure required to maintain the plasma if T1 is plasma, and tension even when the container is rotated, internal T1 expands, or pressurized.) The 4D-MUCF may be equipped with an AEC in its container or reactor wall that can convert the energy of alpha rays generated by the nuclear fusion of T1. *In a magnetic confinement fusion reactor using plasma, if you try to turn the hydrogen and boron-11 in the FEED into plasma and cause them to move and collide using heat to cause fusion, the Coulomb barrier is higher and the reaction is more difficult than with DT fuel, so fusion must be carried out at a higher temperature.However, it is also possible to promote nuclear fusion between atoms (11B and P) by irradiating the FEED containing the 11B and P of the plasma with muons (nuclear fuel FEED that has the potential to cause fusion through the P-11B reaction, P-15N reaction, D-14N reaction, nuclear fusion reactions within the CNO cycle reaction, and other reactions that emit neutrons and gamma rays, such as the D-T reaction, D-D reaction, D-3He reaction, D-6Li reaction, proton-proton reaction, alpha reaction, triple alpha reaction, carbon combustion process, silicon combustion process, and nuclear fusion reactions between high-Z atoms) and confining the plasma and muons within a donut-shaped annular vacuum vessel 4D (a cage of the magnetic field within the vessel)As mentioned above, muonic fusion can be attempted even in FEEDs, which are colder than plasmas. Muonic fusion reactions can be promoted by irradiating muons into annular 4D or 4D-MUCF vessels filled with ammonia or boron hydride as fluids. *Boron and proton ions can be confined in the form of plasma within a donut-shaped vacuum vessel 4D using a magnetic field and circulated in the toroidal direction of the 4D. *Donut-shaped vessels containing liquid ammonia or liquid boron hydride can heat up and become highly pressurized when a fusion reaction occurs inside. 4D or 4D-MUCF vessels can also be seamless metal vessels or pressure vessels strong enough to withstand high pressures. For example, 4D, 4T, 4D-MUCF, and 4T-MUCF vessels can be created by stamping or forging metal plates or ingots. *Muonic fusion can also be attempted at gas, liquid, or solid temperatures lower than plasma temperatures. If muon fusion is difficult in the gas, liquid, or solid temperature ranges, one can attempt to achieve muon fusion under more reactive conditions by placing the atoms to be fused (high Z side, large Coulomb barrier) into a vacuum vessel capable of fusion at plasma temperature and irradiating them with muons (or by heating and igniting the plasma using a CS coil or neutral particle beam for plasma heating). *However, while both plasma and muons can narrow the approachable distance, there may be cases where even closer proximity is desired. Therefore, muons can be bound to the T1 nuclei to make it easier for the atoms to approach each other, and then the T1 can be irradiated with a laser or ion beam (inertial confinement means 2ICF) to compress and inertially confine the FEED portion, confining the atoms to be fused in the FEED at a high density and bringing the nuclei closer together to cause nuclear fusion.<Cylindrical vessel> For example, Figure 34(C) is an explanatory diagram of a system 1EXP-SYS in which a decelerator 2MUDECE is attached to a vessel 4T-MUCF that can rotate in the theta direction, and muons are received and slowed down in the decelerator section, and then muons are injected and irradiated into the core section / target T1 section of a cylindrical / tubular vessel 4T-MUCF, such as a mirror type, tandem mirror type, or FRC type (spheroc type), to perform muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation of atoms in T1.This system converts charged particles, alpha rays, etc. generated after nuclear fusion in T1 into energy in the AEC section and extracts them as electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic energy, or ejects the charged particles directly outside the system and propels them. *Muons can be confined by a magnetic field, and the muons can be moved, rotated, or biased within the magnetic field or in the T1 section of the magnetic field. <Charged particle direct power generation unit AEC> When a reaction that produces alpha rays from P-11B or P-15N (or a reaction that produces alpha rays and protons from D-3He) occurs in the 4D-MUCF, the energy of the alpha rays, protons, or charged particles can be recovered. For example, to recover the kinetic energy of alpha rays, the AEC can be used in a beam direct power generator or plasma direct power generator using an electrostatic field, a peniotron converter, a gyrotron converter, or a traveling wave converter using a fluctuating electromagnetic field, or a pickup coil or induction type MHD power generation using a magnetic field or electromagnetic induction. *AECs such as a traveling wave direct energy converter (TWDEC), a plasma direct power generator, a peniotron (veniotron), or a gyrotron converter can be used in the cylindrical vessel part 4T-MUCF (or rotatable vessel 4T-MUCF-ROT) of a mirror type, a tandem mirror type, an FRC type, or an open single-type magnetic confinement device that confines plasma with a potential wall, as shown in Figure 27(C). The electromagnetic wave energy and photons generated by the AEC may be received by a photoelectric conversion element, power generation unit, or power generation device 1GENR and converted into electricity.Also, alpha rays may be used as a photocatalyst, or an element or material unit that generates electromotive force or photocatalytic action through photoelectric conversion when irradiated with alpha rays may be used.Alpha rays may be directly incident on titanium oxide to produce hydrogen from water through a photocatalytic reaction, or alpha ray energy may be used to produce heat or light for chemical reactions.For example, photons with short wavelengths exceeding the binding energy may be generated via an AEC, and the photons may be irradiated onto nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or metal oxides, which may undergo a chemical reaction to convert them into the resulting material or chemical fuel. Similar to gas turbine thermal power generation, the energy obtained from the AEC may be input into a boiler to generate steam, which may then be used to rotate a steam turbine and generate electricity. In 4D-MUCF, charged particles of alpha rays generated by nuclear fusion in T1 may be confined in a magnetic field such as a TF coil, causing circular cyclotron motion, and muons undergoing muon nuclear fusion within T1 may be moved, stirred, or agitated by the magnetic field. *The present application describes the circular motion of muons along the magnetic field and magnetic field lines within T1 to which a magnetic field is applied in Figure 19. (Figure 19 shows a configuration in which the T1 section where muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion takes place uses magnetism to hold, confine, and move muons along the magnetic field T1-2BMU, and the muons do not remain stationary in T1 but are moved and stirred by the magnetic field.) *In a tokamak type, plasma and plasma current can flow, move, and rotate in the toroidal direction of a torus-shaped, doughnut-shaped, or ring-shaped structure, and the central coil can use electromagnetic induction to pass plasma current through the conductor plasma, or the TF coil can hold plasma and muons by making a full circle in the toroidal direction, so tokamak-type TF coils, CS coils, and poloidal coils can be used for the 4D-MUCF coils. *A 4D-MUCF with a 4D configuration including a CS coil can pass plasma current and heat the T1 and FEED sections, so it can be used in one configuration. <Stellarator-type magnetic vessel> *In the helical and stellarator types, plasma or charged particles (electrons, ions, muons) can be confined in a helical magnetic vessel using a toroidal magnetic field and a helical magnetic field, so the 4D-MUCF coil may be equipped with a coil 2COIL that can form a helical magnetic vessel that can also be used in the helical and stellarator types.*By using a stellarator coil, a plasma T1 or a liquid / gas / fluid (solid) target T1 can be placed within the magnetic vessel formed by the stellarator coil, and muons can be held in the direction of the magnetic field of the magnetic vessel including T1 (2MFC, 2MCF-ORBIT, 4MU-ORBIT), allowing the muons to move, rotate, and circulate in a toroidal direction (the direction of the arrow in 2MFC-ORBIT) (as shown in Figure 27 (C) and (A) where the muons rotate in the direction of the arrow). A T1 / FEED can be loaded into a helical 4D-MUCF vessel, the 4D-MUCF-H, to form a magnetic field, creating a magnetic field and irradiating the muons to the FEED. Muons can be held in the stellarator's magnetic vessel / magnetic cage. *Helical coils and magnetic vessels may be preferable in some cases. In a tokamak-type device with only a simple toroidal magnetic field, the magnetic field weakens on the outside when confining plasma, causing vertical charge separation due to particle drift. The resulting vertical electric field is added to the original toroidal magnetic field, causing the charged particles to move outward, resulting in the particles flying out of the system. To prevent this, a current is passed through the central coil, twisting the magnetic field with the plasma current to form a helical magnetic chamber, which holds the electron-ion plasma within the chamber. On the other hand, in a helical stellarator, it was considered to confine plasma in a helical magnetic chamber (using a coil to generate the magnetic chamber). The stellarator type can form a spiral magnetic vessel without the need for a CS coil or current, making it possible to confine muons within it. This has the advantage of reducing the current required for confinement for the CS coil. Therefore, the vessel and coil of a stellarator or helical magnetic confinement fusion reactor can be used as the vessel for the target T1 / FEED of the muon fusion of the present invention, and muons can be irradiated therein to attempt muon fusion or nuclear transmutation. *Even if muons are decelerated and irradiated into T1, there is a possibility that they will escape to other locations by diffusing from T1, so muons can be held in a magnetic vessel to prevent them from escaping from the vessel containing T1. In addition to the plasma T1 / FEED, the magnetic vessel can also contain solid, fluid, liquid, or gaseous T1 / FEED.<Configuration for moving muons along the magnetic field within a magnetic vessel containing T1> Plasma is a fluid of charged particles, including neutral molecules, ions, and electrons. Instead of electrons or ions, negative or positive muons can be irradiated and injected into the plasma, and held in the toroidal magnetic field created by the TF coil, allowing them to circulate once. It may also be possible to promote a fusion reaction by having them come into contact with T1 or FEED during this circulation, thereby promoting a nuclear fusion reaction. Therefore, muons can be injected along the magnetic field and magnetic field lines created by the TF coil in a donut-shaped, ring-shaped, or torus-shaped vessel, such as 4D, and placed on the orbit of the magnetic field lines, allowing them to circulate once, rotate, or circulate in the toroidal direction of the torus, while coming into contact with the fusion fuel FEED. For example, a fuel FEED such as liquid ammonia (15N and H) in the target T1 can be irradiated with muons, held in a magnetic vessel of coil 2COIL (stellarator coil 2COIL-STR) of the muon vessel 4D-MUCF, and moved and rotated in the toroidal direction while the muons come into contact with T1. In this case, the 4D-MUCF becomes a magnetic confinement muon catalytic fusion reactor vessel, which can be a pressure vessel and can withstand the pressure even when heated and pressurized by the fusion reaction. (For example, T1 may be a plasma containing 11B and protons or 15N and protons. In that case, the 4D-MUCF becomes a vacuum vessel magnetically confined muon catalyzed fusion reactor vessel.) (Note that when nuclear fusion occurs with 15N and protons, helium and carbon-12 are produced, and a part for removing them is required. When the liquid ammonia vessel is rotating (4D-MUCF-ROT), when helium or carbon-12 is produced, liquid ammonia, presumably solid carbon-12, and gaseous helium are obtained, which are then centrifuged in the rotating vessel and easily removed. This mechanism may be used as a mechanism for removing and recovering products after a nuclear fusion reaction. As shown in Figures 7 to 9, a known example may be used to circulate a feed through a loop and remove He from the feed.) *In the 4D-MUCF configuration, the muon, which is the catalyst for nuclear fusion, is rotated and moved by a magnetic field within T1, and moved toward the unreacted T1, with the intention of preventing the muon catalyst from being buried in the nuclear transmutation products such as helium (for example, in the case of the P-15N reaction, helium plus carbon-12) (by bringing it into contact with the unreacted T1 and causing it to react).*If the muon does not move after being irradiated by T1, there is a risk that the muon will be surrounded by helium and other substances produced by fusion, causing catalytic fusion to slow down and stop. However, if the muon is confined in the magnetic field of a TF coil or the like and can move in a circular motion due to magnetic field B, the muon will undergo muon nuclear transmutation and fusion of T1 into helium and other substances while being moved by the magnetic field toward unreacted, fresh T1, preventing the muon from being covered by helium and other substances in the exhaust gas. (The intention is to rotate and move the muon using the force of the magnetic field in the direction of T1, which contains atoms with a large effective nuclear charge, as in the case of LiBH4 or NH3, so that the muon will be trapped by atoms with a large effective nuclear charge (B in LIBH4 or N in NH3) and undergo a catalytic fusion reaction, allowing the reaction to continue.) *Furthermore, if the container is configured to rotate, the fluid in the container will be subjected to centrifugal force, or the rotation can stir the fluid in the container. *To mix and stir T1 inside the vessel, the vessel may be equipped with a port for inputting and recovering fuel and a fuel supply pressure path, and the pressure may be applied by a pump to pump the FEED fluid into T1 while stirring and mixing using the pump pressure. (Baffle plates / baffles may be placed on the wall of the vessel containing liquid or gaseous T1 to generate turbulence. Note that in the case of a plasma vessel, baffles that protrude into the plasma surface may not be used because they come into contact with the plasma and are difficult to use.) *Furthermore, the vessel 4D-MUCF and the reactor wall 4D-IN of the 4D-MUCF can be made of high-strength, inexpensive materials, such as high-Z iron. Negative muons can be trapped in high-Z materials. On the other hand, if negative muons are held within the magnetic vessel by the coils of the vessel 4D-MUCF, muons may diffuse from the T1 / FEED section to the high-Z 4D-IN reactor wall section, trapping them in the high-Z atoms of the 4D-IN and preventing them from decaying and disappearing without coming into contact with T1. Therefore, in this application, it may be attempted to confine muons in a magnetic container (to prevent muons from reaching high-Z materials such as reactor walls) and combine them with T1. *In Figure 27, *FEED may be T1, for example, and fusion fuel such as solid or fluid boron hydride compounds, liquid ammonia, LiNH2, LiBH4, or carbonaceous transmutation raw materials. FEED·T1 may be filled and placed inside the 4D-MUCF, and muons may be irradiated by M1 onto T1·FEED to attempt muon fusion.*The 4D-MUCF may be a container capable of withstanding pressure changes, even if the T1 containing a fluid or solid is heated and vapor pressure is generated. * Figure 27(C) is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in which a muon decelerator 2MUDECE is attached to a rotating container, muons, even at high speeds, are irradiated onto the decelerator portion of the rotating container, and the container decelerates and captures the incident muons using the decelerator, then irradiates and transfers them to T1 within the container. The donut-shaped / annular container 4D or cylindrical container 4T may be a container 4D-MUCF-ROT rotating in the toroidal direction of the donut or a container 4T-ROT rotating in the theta direction of the cylinder. * By attaching a 2MUDECE to the container 4D-MUCF or 4T, the rotating container 4D or 4T can receive and decelerate muons. * Figures 27(A) and (B) are explanatory diagrams of the muon irradiation unit M1 attached to the donut-shaped container 4D and the connection between the container 4D and the muon irradiation unit M1. *The 4D-MUCF may be a vacuum vessel, or it may contain and magnetically confine the plasma T1. (It may be the vessels 4D, 4D-T, 4D-ST, 4D-ST, 4D-H, 4D-SH of the prior application, the rotatable 4D-ST-ROT, 4D-SH-ROT, helical 4D-H, or cylindrical 4D-T.) A solid or liquid target T1 may be filled or placed inside the pressure vessel 4D-MUCF, and muons may be irradiated onto the target T1. (For example, liquid ammonia, boron hydride, NH4BH4, LiND2, or other FEEDs.) Similar to a magnetic confinement fusion reactor, the 4D-MUCF may confine charged particles within the doughnut-shaped vessel 4D-MUCF using a magnetic field and hold them in the vessel 4D-MUCF like the plasma 4PZ. Charged particles such as alpha rays and muons, which can be produced by the nuclear fusion of hydrogen and boron, can be held in a toroidal rotation by the magnetic field of a coil inside a doughnut-shaped container. *The energy of alpha rays may be recovered by an AEC consisting of a coil and magnetic field (or a converter installed inside the container that converts the kinetic energy of alpha rays caused by an electric field into electrical energy using an electromagnetic field).(Fig. 27 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in which, in addition to plasma, a magnetic confinement fusion reactor is filled with a material that becomes a T1 FEED, such as boron hydride or ammonia, so that muons can be irradiated to the T1 part, and the muons irradiated into the 4D-MUCF can be confined in the toroidal direction of the 4D-MUCF donut by the magnetic field of 2 COILs, and alpha rays generated by nuclear fusion can also be confined by the coils, and the energy of the alpha rays can be recovered by the coils, which are part of the AEC, and used for power generation.) <Fig. 33> (B) Explanatory diagram of a cylindrical vessel 4T and 4T-MUCF 4T, 4T-MUCF, 4T-MUCF-ROT: vessel. (In this diagram, it is a cylindrical vessel. *There is no restriction on the shape, and the pressure vessel can be made of metal, 4D, 4D-MUCF are also acceptable.) 4T-IN: Wall surface that can be metal. In this diagram, a thick pressure vessel with metal walls is assumed. 2 COILs-FOR-4T: coil. For forming a magnetic vessel. 1NUT-TX: Neutrino transmitter, neutrino beam transmitter 2MU-BY-NUT: Part that generates muons from neutrinos (e.g., discharge chamber that receives neutrinos) 2MU: Muon generator, M1F: High-speed muons 2MUDECE: Muon decelerator T1-FEED: Nuclear transmutation material, target section <Fig. 36> Fig. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical vessel 4T-H (or a cylindrical vessel 4T-ROT-H that can rotate in the theta direction) in which a helical magnetic vessel 2MAGC can be formed within the vessel using the helical coil for magnetic confinement coil 2COIL. *The coil 2COIL and decelerator T1 may be stored in the cylindrical vessel 4T, for example. *2COIL may also be a helical coil 2COIL-Helicals (Helical-COILs). *The solenoid coil may be a helical or spiral coil (helical solenoid) that is diagonal or inclined relative to the longitudinal axis. In a normal solenoid coil, the coil loops are wound perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (the length direction of the 4AXS-4T-TH axis), as shown in Figure 33(A), and solenoids are generally wound so that they intersect perpendicularly, but the way the coil is wound relative to the longitudinal direction of the coil may be rough, and the solenoid may be wound at an angle so that it is helical.(@A part of the toroidal loop of a doughnut / annular helical fusion reactor (Japan's LHC, Germany's W7-X) is cut out and combined with a means for closing both ends of the open-ended / tubular cutout.) (A helical doughnut-shaped vessel 4D-TH includes a combination of a magnetic field in the toroidal direction / longitudinal direction of the doughnut and a magnetic field twisting in the poloidal direction of the doughnut. In a tokamak type, a toroidal magnetic field is formed by a TF coil, and a magnetic field in the poloidal direction is generated by a CS coil by passing a plasma current through the plasma in the doughnut, thereby forming a helical magnetic vessel.) *In this application, a helical coil or a helical magnetic field cage / magnetic vessel may be formed in the doughnut / annular vessel 4D or tube / cylinder vessel 4T, and charged particles, positive and negative muons, or plasma may be confined within it, and T1 may be placed within the vessel. *As shown in Figure 33, the coil / magnetic vessel may be equipped with a rotating means such as a rotating means 4ROT, a bearing 4B, and a coupling (e.g., a slip ring) that supplies power to the rotating coil and reducer, allowing the coil / vessel / magnetic vessel (and vessel wall) to rotate in the theta direction. (*The ends of the helical solenoid coil may be arranged so that the radius of the winding narrows toward each end, like the ends of a conch, and then the solenoid wire is extended to the external coil power circuit side.) *The helical solenoid coil may confine charged particles / muons using magnetic and electric fields, as in a tandem mirror device. A cylindrical vessel 4T may be configured as a cylindrical vessel 4T-H (a cylindrical vessel 4T-MUCF-H for muon fusion reactors including a helical solenoid coil / magnetic vessel / magnetic cage 2MAGC) in which the magnetic confinement coil 2COIL is a helical coil and can form a helical magnetic vessel 2MAGC within the vessel. <Fig. 37> <Fig. 38> <Fig. 39> <Fig. 40> Explanatory diagrams of devices.

[0039] <Fig. 41> <Device for changing meteorite trajectory using energy from a muon fusion system> As shown in Fig. 41, a transport machine 5 or robot 5 / 5WKR may be configured for intercepting meteorites that may fall to Earth, and set and attach a 4T-MUCF container loaded with muon fusion fuel such as methane CD4, B2H6, or ND3 to the meteorite MTO. The 5 uses a communications network to search for and observe meteorite MTOs that pose a threat to Earth, and transmits the observation results to Earth via a communications system. A command is issued from Earth to the exploration robot 3 to change the meteorite's trajectory. The robot 5 lands on the meteorite in accordance with the communications data and commands, and places a 4T-MUCF container filled with fusion fuel into the meteorite MTO. The container 4T-MUCF installed in the MTO may communicate with a remote communications unit to bind muons to T1, cause muonic fusion, and attempt to use the energy to change the orbit of the MTO (to intercept the meteorite). *The container 4T-MUCF installed in the MTO may have a device unit ((B) in Figure 33) that receives neutrinos from a remote neutrino transmitter unit 1NUT-TX, then generates muons (in the 2MU-BY-NUT unit), and subsequently binds the muons to the fuel T1 in the container to ignite muonic fusion. It is possible to construct a propulsion / explosive device that changes the orbit of the MTO by remotely irradiating the 1NUT-RX and 2MU-BY-NUT sections of the MTO vessel (4T-MUCF) with neutrinos from the 1NUT-TX (3) to generate muons, binding the muons to T1 within the vessel and causing muonic fusion in the T1 section, generating fusion energy within the vessel, irradiating the MTO connected to the vessel with the fusion energy, heating and pressurizing the MTO surface, and jetting the MTO's constituent materials from the MTO surface as propellant for propulsion. In this configuration, it may be possible to remotely generate, transmit, and place muons in the T1 section (out of reach of radio waves within the iron meteorite) to bind the muons to the fuel in T1 and cause muonic fusion (ignite muonic fusion) to generate fusion energy. (In addition to the muon generation method within the vessel of the neutrino communication system using the 1NUT-TX and 2MU-BY-NUT units, a method of emitting accelerated muons toward the vessel, slowing them down in the vessel, and combining them with T1 is also possible.) Nuclear fission may have limitations on the amount of nuclear fuel that can be loaded in one location due to criticality constraints. On the other hand, this device does not have limitations on the amount of nuclear fuel that can be deployed. Furthermore, compared to using a nuclear fission device as a thermonuclear fusion ignition and detonation device for fusion fuel, it is possible to have only a muon decelerator and a section that generates muons from neutrinos inside the vessel, which may make it possible to attempt ignition by transmitting neutrinos from a remote location without the need for a complex detonation section. (Unlike existing meteorite interception blasting devices that combine a nuclear fission section and a nuclear fusion section, the MTO blasting device in Figure 41 of this application uses the detonator as the section that generates slow muons (2MU-BY-NUT and muon deceleration section 2MUDECE inside the vessel) and uses a nuclear fusion-only detonation device that combines the muons generated in the generation section with the nuclear fuel T1-FEED, thereby achieving a simpler configuration and preventing the nuclear fuel attached to the meteorite MTO from being unable to detonate.) <Fig. 42> <Configuration for drilling a meteorite and causing nuclear fusion inside the meteorite to generate energy inside the meteorite> Fig. 42 shows the meteorite MTO being drilled using drilling means 5REMV, the meteorite material being moved and removed from the inside of the meteorite to the outside (mined metal) to form a borehole / hole 5T-HOLE that can be filled with T1FEED, the hole 5T-HOLE being filled with nuclear fusion fuel T1FEED, and the part that generates muons in 5T-HOLE. The blast signal receiver 5BRX, including the 2MU-BY-NUT, is placed inside the meteorite, sealed with a 5SEAL, and a T1-FEED is placed inside the meteorite. The blast signal receiver receives blasting particle irradiation from the blast signal transmitter, such as neutrinos, to generate muons, which then combine with the T1, which then undergoes muon fusion, generating fusion energy inside the meteorite MTO, including the T1. This fusion energy is used to blast the meteorite (splitting and breaking the meteorite by exploding the T1). The 5WKR in Figure 42 is a 5WKR-robot 3, a robot used for exploration and blasting threatening meteorites (for example, in areas of space farther than the solar system where radiation makes it difficult for humans to survive). Vredefort in South Africa, Sudbury in Canada, and Chicxulub in Mexico have evidence of large meteorite impacts (10 km in diameter), and publicly available literature suggests that meteorite impacts were involved in the extinction of the dinosaurs.(Furthermore, a meteorite several hundred kilometers in size has enough power to gouge out the Earth's crust, burning up the Earth and potentially having a serious impact on the survival of life on Earth.) (Even a small meteorite can explode in the air and affect the ground, causing damage there. For example, in 2013 a meteorite landed and exploded in the air in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, and meteorites may approach periodically. There are records of meteorite collisions dating back to the Sui Dynasty in China.) Attempts may be made to change the trajectory of a meteorite approaching Earth by having a spacecraft or artificial satellite land, flyby, swingby (gravitational propulsion), or collide with it, or by hitting the meteorite with mass using a mass driver 3 or centrifugal gun (a device that hits mass) to change the meteorite's trajectory. (NASA's DART mission, which involves crashing a spacecraft into a meteorite to change its orbit, is well known and has been carried out.) Exploding meteorites approaching Earth using nuclear fission or fusion energy is also being considered. If there is little time (less than 10 years) to avoid a collision, it may be possible to detonate the meteorite with a nuclear weapon, splitting its mass and deflecting the meteorite fragments away from Earth, or to reduce the mass of the meteorite fragments that have reached Earth to prevent fatal damage. Iron meteorites (containing iron and nickel) are less likely to burn up in the air even when subjected to the frictional heat of atmospheric re-entry. However, because iron meteorites are poorly permeable to radio waves (because radio waves can be blocked within conductors), it may be difficult to remotely send a signal to detonate or explode them using radio waves to their interior (or the underside or shadow of the meteorite, where radio waves are difficult to reach). On the other hand, one embodiment of the present application describes a configuration in which neutrinos that can penetrate iron walls are used to generate muons using a neutrino-to-muon conversion unit (2MU-BY-NUT unit), and the muons are then introduced into the fusion fuel unit T1 to combine and be used for muon fusion (vessel 4T-MUCF in Figure 33 (B)).As a specific example of its anticipated use, a system for exploding and detonating iron meteorites using muon fusion inside them is described.*It is described that muons are generated using neutrinos as particles that can penetrate iron walls, but in addition to neutrinos, high-speed muons or cosmic rays, protons, helium, mesons, or muon lepton particles can also be accelerated and irradiated toward the particle receiver 2MU-BY-NUT inside the container, allowing them to pass through the iron and reach the receiver (e.g., 2MU-BY-NUT section), where the particles collide with each other to generate mesons and muons. (The muons can then be decelerated and guided to T1 inside the container to combine and promote muonic fusion.) <Ignition mechanism> *The fuel T1 inside the container in the 5T-HOLE inside the meteorite hole is ignited (nuclear fusion begins) using muonic fusion. <Fig. 43> Fig. 43 is an explanatory diagram of the transmission of neutrinos, muons, and particles from a neutrino transmitter / particle transmitter 5BTX (which may be multiple units) for detonation attached to the transport equipment 5SHIP or the iron meteorite MTO to the particle receiver 5BRX in the hole 5T-HOLE. The neutrino transmitter / particle transmitter 5BTX (which may be multiple units) for detonation attached to the iron meteorite MTO may be equipped with a radio / electric wave communication unit / radio wave receiver 5TX-RAD, and may be able to send and receive detonation signals from 5SHIP or the like via radio / electric wave using 5TX-RAD, and then operate the neutrino transmitter 1NUT-TX of 5BTX using the radio wave signal to transmit neutrinos to 5BRX (2MU-BY-NUT). <Figure 44> Figure 44 is an explanatory diagram of how the meteorite's material and iron parts are formed (by supplying fusion fuel T1 such as methane or ammonia, injecting muons and slowing them down in the drilling body 5REMV-BODY) to form a muon fusion part near the iron of the drilling head 5REMV-HEAD (FP part, MLTFE in Figure 48).

[0040] <Fig. 45> Fig. 45 is an explanatory diagram of projecting and firing a hammer or a nuclear fuel with a hammer part and a cargo (3LOAD) with a muon generator from a centrifugal gun (for example, a structure including a centrifugal gun part and a mass driver part such as 3SPINFSAT), striking the hammer against the meteorite part and creating a hole in the meteorite like a pile driver. It is also an explanatory diagram of shooting nuclear fuel T1 (2MU-GEN-ATOM) and a cargo (3LOAD) with a muon generator into an iron meteorite using a cargo acceleration projection means such as a centrifugal gun, irradiating the shot-in T1 2MU-GEN-ATOM with neutrinos to generate and combine muons into the T1 part, thereby causing muonic fusion within the meteorite. <Figure 46> @ In Figure 46, multiple fiber material components 2NTLP, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) with closed ends, such as loops, rings, or annular shapes, may be manufactured to form a chain 2LPST of 2NTLP. The 2LPST may be described as a chain of multiple corners, circles, rings, and loops, similar to the pattern of a family crest with its "uneven corners, uneven corner cut corners, and uneven circles." The starting loop 2LPST and the ending loop 2LPST are combined to form a single continuous 2LPST. This 2LPST may be used as a frame, cable, or structural component 2LPST that can withstand the centrifugal force during rotation of the 3SPINFSAT. The 2NTLP may contain a wire, tube, loop, or loop 2NTLP-I2 made of another material (e.g., a metal or alloy). 2NTLP and 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may contain wire / tube 2NTLP-I2 or atomic / molecular portions made of other materials. 2NTLP may also be a hybrid material that can withstand centrifugal force, including wire / tube / loop / ring 2NTLP-I2 made of other materials. This configuration allows for use as a frame or structural material for parts requiring strength, such as the wire portion of a centrifugal gun or space elevator. 2NTLP contains a continuous wire / tube / loop / ring 2NTLP-I2 made of another material (e.g., metal or alloy). Because the material is wire / tube / loop / ring 2NTLP-I2, even if the tube portion of the 2NTLP portion containing 2NTLP-I2 breaks due to deterioration or other reasons, the internal wire / tube portion remains, allowing the metal nanotube ring portion to maintain the connection.When a chain made of 2NTLP, 2NTLP-CHAIN, is actually used in centrifugal guns, space elevators, etc., a plurality of chain groups, 2NTLP-CHAINs, are used and bundled together to form a (macroscopic) rope, cable, ribbon, string, or frame part 2LPST made of nanotube chains that can withstand centrifugal force, weight, and mechanical force; however, there is a possibility that the strength will decrease and break, as atoms in the BNNT or CNT parts of 2NTLP will be sputtered or undergo chemical reactions due to cosmic rays or atomic oxygen (AO), etc., and so even if a single 2NTLP or 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​breaks, the chain will not separate from the wire, tube, loop, or loop part, and will remain entangled, so a hybrid loop 2NTLP or chain 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may be used, in which a metal or alloy wire part is included in the 2NTLP. Even if one ring 2NTLP(A) in a certain chain 2NTLP-CHAIN(C) breaks or the tube breaks, as long as the 2NTLP-I2(A) contained within the 2NTLP(A) does not break, the contained 2NTLP-I2(A) will combine as a chain with another adjacent / combined 2NTLP(B), and the chain (C) containing them will not immediately break but can be arranged in a tangled state or not move within the chain group 2NTLP-CHAINs. For example, if the chain group can be wound up during maintenance, or if there is a camera unit / X-ray observation unit 2LPST-MEAS for observing the chain portion / chain group, there is the advantage that the chain structure 2NTLP-I2-CHAIN ​​of the metal portion 2NTLP-I2 is maintained and it can be seen whether the high-strength tube portion 2NTLP such as BNNT is prone to break or break in actual use. (During chain 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​maintenance, by inserting a metal wire 2NTLP-I2 inside loop portion 2NTLP, a component of chain 2NTLP-CHAIN, the high Z of metal atoms in 2NTLP-I2 can be used in X-ray observation images during X-ray observation, allowing the metal wire 2NTLP-I2 to absorb X-rays more strongly than BNNT or CNT, producing shading in the X-ray CE image and allowing use to determine whether breakage has occurred in the metal wire portion 2NTLP-I2 or whether breakage damage has occurred in the loop tube 2NTLP containing it. This can be advantageous for understanding guidelines for maintenance, condition observation, quality confirmation, and chain replacement of chain portions and chain group portions 2NTLP-CHAINs, and therefore in one embodiment of the present application, the metal wire may be contained therein.) When it is desired to obtain transmission CT images of BNNTs or CNTs composed of low-Z atoms and observe their structure and degradation state, muography, muon microscopes, and muon-applied measurement means using muons may be used in addition to X-rays, X-ray CT, and X-ray applied measurement means. Photon gamma rays and X-rays are easily absorbed by high-Z elements such as metals, but are not easily absorbed by low-Z atoms. On the other hand, muons, for example, positively charged muons, are leptons / particles with mass. When irradiated muon leptons collide with low-Z or high-Z atomic nuclei (and the protons and neutrons within those nuclei) of the object to be observed by muography, the muon leptons change their orbit, which can be detected by a detector and the object can be observed. Therefore, they may be used to observe the object (the aforementioned ring portion 2NTLP, chain portion 2NTLP-CHAIN, chain group portion 2NTLP-CHAINs, and frame portion 2LPST). * 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​and 2NTLP-CHAINs can be used for cables, chains, wires, ropes, and ribbons that require strength, such as those in centrifuge guns and space elevators. * It would be preferable to synthesize a single, seamless CNT or BNNT to form a loop that spans the entire rotation of a centrifuge gun (it would also be preferable to construct a seamless tube over a large distance when used in space elevators, etc.). However, in case this is not possible, if seamless ring-shaped BNNT tubes or rings (2NTLP) could be combined in a chain to form a 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​chain, each of the 2NTLPs that make up the chain would be able to exhibit the strength of seamless CNT or BNNT, and the chain itself could potentially exhibit the strength of CNT or BNNT as a chain device (although a non-chain, linear tube would be stronger, as a compromise). Therefore, in this application, a chain 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​consisting of a ring 2NTLP as shown in Figure 46 may be constructed and used in the frame portion of structural materials and systems that require strength, such as centrifugal guns. *The 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may be encapsulated in another nanotube. *The 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​and 2NTLP-CHAINs may be coated with another material to prevent reaction with atomic oxygen or to protect them from cosmic ray collisions. For example, they may be covered with a ceramic or insulating tube for insulation, or with a metal film or tube to protect them from atomic oxygen and cosmic ray collisions.*2NTLP, 2NTLP-CHAIN, and 2NTLP-CHAINs may be components of electrical wires (e.g., the power transmission wires of a space elevator). [*If 2NTLP (2NTLP that may include 2NTLP-I2) can be made large enough to span macroscopic lengths, such as the size of a space elevator or centrifugal gun 3SPINFSAT, a single ring portion of 2NTLP (2NTLP that may include 2NTLP-I2) may be included in and used as a ring-shaped frame portion 2LPST. *However, in cases where it is difficult to create nanotube loops of lengths similar to the size of a space elevator or centrifugal gun (for example, when the radius of the loop is not at the nano or micro level but at the macro scale of meters, kilometers, or even 100 kilometers or more from the ground to space), a frame using 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may be considered.]

[0041] <Fig. 48> It is also envisioned that a muon fusion system reactor 1R will be installed on transportation equipment 3 as a power / electricity source. 3 is envisioned to be not only aircraft, spacecraft, and spacecraft, but also vehicles, robots, ships, and submarines 3SUBM. If reactor 1R can be installed on ships and submarines, it is expected that their cruising range will increase. (Furthermore, small-scale 1R may become like a tiny or small nuclear battery, like a muon fusion battery, and be installed in powered suits, wearable devices, mobile equipment, communication terminals, communication equipment, computer power supplies, input / output devices, electrical appliances, and industrial machinery, and serve as a power source for these.)

[0042] <Figure 49> Figure 49 is an explanatory diagram of muography / computer tomography using a muon (or neutrino) transmitter 1MUGRP-TX and receiver 1MUGRP-RX to obtain a transmission image of the threatening meteorite MTO. When attempting to detonate the MTO, it may be necessary to know its internal structure, so a CT like that shown in Figure 49 is used to obtain an internal / transmission image. (A constellation of 3 spacecraft or 3 satellites can also be used as a receiver / receiver 1MUGRP-RX. A constellation of 3 or 3 can also be used as a transmitter 1MUGRP-TX.) *It may be necessary to subtract the effects of background cosmic rays and muons. *Positive muons artificially generated in an accelerator or similar device can be irradiated from the transmitter to the receiver. Positive muon detection results significantly higher than the background can be obtained. *The receiving section may be equipped with a muon decelerator / cooler. 2MU: Muon generating section 1MUGRP-TX: Muon irradiation section of muography device / muon tomography device. Muon transmitting section. 2MUDECE, A1: Muon accelerator / decelerator. Accelerator / decelerator. 2SEN-REF / BASE: A section that measures, when necessary, the speed and direction of the muon before it enters the object used for measurement. Reference measurement unit / reference cell (Note that the placement and size arrangement of this 2SEN-REF / BASE are not limited to the locations shown in the figure. If the object / 1MUGRP-USER is not on the line of sight of the muon, 2SEN-REF may be placed at the object measurement location / position to obtain reference data and perform calibration processing on the device) 1MUGRP-USER: User / object to be measured 1MUGRP-RX: Muon detection unit and muon receiving unit of muography device / muon tomography device. 2SEN-DET: Particle detection unit, muon detection unit, muon receiving unit. It may be possible to detect information on particle trajectories such as particle speed, energy and direction. 2SEN: Particle detector CTORBIT: Direction, trajectory and scanning trajectory for moving the transmitter / receiver unit, such as the dotted circular orbit. For example, 1MUGRP-TX and 1MUGRP-RX, which may face each other along the theta direction of the dotted circle, are moved and scanned to obtain a computer tomography of 1MUDRF-OBJ located between 1MUGRP-TX and 1MUGRP-RX.(Although the illustration of a computer is omitted, a computer is required to obtain a tomography image from the measurement results after photographing an object, similar to X-ray CT.) Note that tomography is well known, using particle beams such as X-rays and positrons to measure and photograph projections from multiple directions (along a trajectory, etc.), and then using a computer to obtain a cross-sectional image. <Fig. 50> <Measurement device and tomography system including a muon decelerator, accelerator, and muon trajectory observation unit> * Measurement and tomography systems using muons for medical use or brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) may be constructed (Fig. 50). For example, positive muons rain down on the earth as cosmic muons. Positive muons are decelerated and then accelerated, and counted and measured by a counter section and a measurement section (such as a semiconductor detector with a decelerator) for the particle's kinetic energy, speed, trajectory, etc., and similar to X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muons (for example, negative muons may bind to atoms in the human body and cause nuclear transmutation, so in order to avoid this, positive muons with speed are used) are irradiated onto the human body and passed through, and the transmitted muons are decelerated by a decelerator or measured by a particle measurement section, and the subject can be photographed in the same way as X-ray CT. (Muon rays are high-energy particles that are radioactive, so when artificially directing positive muons at the human body for CT scans or imaging, there is a high possibility that radiation doses will need to be considered. Muons rain down into the body as cosmic muons, but if these cosmic or artificial muons are slowed down, collected, and re-accelerated for use in tomography, the amount of radiation exposure will likely be higher than in natural conditions.) While high-Z atoms are easy to detect with X-rays, low-Z atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus that make up the human body (for example, nerves, brain, spinal cord, or cells in general) can be difficult to image with X-rays. Furthermore, MRI requires a high magnetic field and uses the magnetic resonance of hydrogen atoms, so while hydrogen may be visible, other atoms may be difficult to see. Therefore, muon-based tomography may be able to capture high-resolution images of low-Z atoms and human body parts composed of multiple atoms. (Human tissues are made up of many types of atoms, both high and low Z, which are difficult to measure using X-ray CT or MRI.) It is possible to attempt to take high-resolution images of the human body using muons, which are tiny elementary particles (due to the small size of muons and the large number of atoms that can be measured).Because muons can be accelerated or decelerated during imaging, the accelerators and decelerators described herein may be used to configure a muon tomography device. A muon microscope may be configured. A microscope or tomography device may be configured that uses muons to image tiny locations or capture images of materials passing through tiny locations. <Application to BMI> Some people may be unable to move their bodies due to incurable illnesses or other conditions, making it difficult for them to communicate their thoughts to the outside world using output parts of the body such as the vocal cords, mouth, face, or limbs. Existing brain-machine interfaces and brain function imaging include fMRI and MEG. (The artificial muon generator 2MU is installed in buildings and hospitals to obtain muons.) A muon tomography device may be installed on a bed, for example, and used to image a patient's body to measure the patient's condition (brain / nervous system, organs, bones / teeth, internal substances / tissues). MRI and fMRI, which attempt to measure cerebral blood flow, and positron emission tomography, which observes positrons decaying in the body after administering a drug atom that generates positrons through its decay (using fluorine-18 sugar as a contrast agent to observe sugar metabolism in the body), are well known. Muon tomography, like X-ray CT, can obtain anatomical information about the human body by irradiating and transmitting photons and muon particles through the target. * Equipping beds, sheets, and seats with muon tomography units could enable daily scans of bed users to detect tissue lesions such as cancer and cranial nerves, making it easier to detect the onset of disease. * When piloting fighter jets or heavy machinery, muography could be used to measure the cranial nerves and spinal cord in the head, which tend to be composed of low-Z atoms, to detect the subject's neurological status and provide useful information for operating computers, transportation equipment, heavy machinery, fighter jets, and other machines. * Muon tomography images could also be used for biometric authentication. For example, in equipment requiring security, such as fighter jets and submarines, a biometric authentication device that also serves as a BMI unit when on board may be configured.(The user's dental dentition and jaw bone structure can be measured by X-ray photography, and the results can be compared and verified with the user's biometric characteristics previously recorded on a computer device or database, allowing for biometric authentication of the user being measured by a tomography device, but this can also be done using a muon tomography device instead of X-ray photography to obtain a tomographic image, and the measured tomographic image can be compared with the tomographic image and biometric characteristics stored on the measuring device to check and authenticate whether the person being measured is the user stored on the measuring device.) 2MU: Muon generation unit 1MUGRP-TX: Muon irradiation unit of muography device / muon tomography device. Muon transmission unit. 2MUDECE, A1: Muon accelerator / decelerator. Accelerator / decelerator. 2SEN-REF / BASE: A unit that measures, when necessary, the speed and direction of the muon before it enters the object used for measurement. Reference measurement unit / reference cell (Note that the placement and size of this 2SEN-REF / BASE are not limited to the locations shown in the figure. If the object / 1MUGRP-USER is not on the line of sight of the muon, 2SEN-REF may be placed at the object measurement location / position to obtain reference data and perform calibration processing on the device) 1MUGRP-USER: User / object to be measured 1MUGRP-RX: Muon detection unit and muon receiving unit of muography device / muon tomography device. 2SEN-DET: Particle detection unit, muon detection unit, muon receiving unit. It is acceptable for it to be able to detect information on particle trajectories such as particle speed, energy and direction. 2SEN: Particle detector <Figure 51> <Aircraft / Spacecraft> FEED-A / FEED-B: Tanks for raw materials A and B for synthesizing T1. FEED-SYNTH: Reactor unit.

[0043] <Figure 52> Figure 52 is an explanatory diagram of the muon fusion system 1F-SYS, the propulsion device 1TH, actuator / motor 1EMOTAR, rocket 1FROCKET, and jet propulsion device 1JET driven by the muon fusion system 1F-SYS, and its reactor 1R, which are assumed to be an aircraft 3, spacecraft 3, or spacecraft 3. <Jet propulsion unit> *The energy derived from nuclear fusion generated by the muon fusion system 1F-SYS may be used to produce chemical substances or aviation fuel, which may then be fed into an aircraft's jet engine to drive the jet engine. For example, the fusion reactor 1R and its generator 1GENR may be used to electrolyze or chemically decompose water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, which may then be used as fuel for combustion in the aircraft's jet engine's chemical combustion chamber. <Example of a method for heating the atmosphere with the energy of a fusion reactor> Nitrogen molecules present in the atmosphere may be photodecomposed by irradiating them with a laser of a wavelength capable of photochemical reaction to obtain nitrogen compounds, which may then react with oxygen in the atmosphere and be chemically combusted in the jet engine's combustion chamber to drive the jet engine. *For example, atmospheric molecules (nitrogen molecules, oxygen molecules) and atoms are irradiated with a laser or photons of a wavelength capable of dissociating the bonds of nitrogen molecules (e.g., photons of high-energy ultraviolet wavelengths with photon energy exceeding the energy of the chemical bonds of nitrogen molecules and oxygen molecules, such as vacuum ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet UVC, among the ultraviolet wavelengths of 10-400 nm), and the molecules receive the photons and dissociate their bonds or absorb the energy.When the dissociated molecules then recombine and undergo a chemical reaction, they release and absorb heat energy through the chemical reaction; this can be done in the combustion chamber of a jet engine, and the light energy generated by nuclear fusion can be transferred to atmospheric molecules and compressed atmospheric molecules to heat them. (It is possible to obtain electricity from nuclear fusion, obtain photons and lasers from the electricity, and use the laser to cause a photochemical reaction in the compressed air, heating the atmospheric molecules with the heat produced by the photochemical reaction.) * (In preparation for the possibility that the device for generating a laser from electricity will be expensive,) it is possible to obtain photons (symbol H-new) and gamma rays from the energy of alpha rays produced by nuclear fusion, and irradiate the photons and gamma rays onto (jet engine, air compression part of jet engine structure) compressed air part CAIR, air compression part CAIR (container part that comes into contact with compressed air CAIR and is heated by absorbing gamma rays that can be exchanged with heat, air heating part 1PHEATER) to heat the compressed air (resistjet method).*Aircraft 3 that can be powered using muon nuclear fusion (For the nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS-MP1-RAM that has a ramjet-type or jet engine-type T1 pressurization and compression mechanism as shown in Figure 7, T1 can be made of methane CH4 / CD4 or water HO / DO containing isotopes for muon nuclear fusion (not limited to harmful diborane). It is possible to attempt to perform muon nuclear fusion of T1 to produce high-energy charged alpha rays, heat the unreacted T1 with the alpha ray energy, and eject it as propellant behind the aircraft in a ramjet engine-like manner, using the recoil to propel 3.) *A jet engine section can also be configured that performs nuclear fusion of T1 to produce alpha rays, transfers the energy of the alpha rays to compressed air to heat it, and then ejects the compressed air behind the aircraft. *The atmosphere contains oxygen molecules O2 and nitrogen molecules N2, and it is assumed that muons will not undergo muonic nuclear fusion even when they combine with N2 or O2. If air containing N2 and O2 is blown into T1 (e.g. methane CD4), which consists of atoms with a Z larger than N or O, and mixed and compressed, there is a risk that muonic nuclear fusion of CD4 will not occur as a chain reaction in the T1 section, or that muonic nuclear fusion will be difficult to achieve. Therefore, it may be possible to have separate systems for the compression section of T1 used for nuclear fusion and the section that takes in and compresses the atmosphere so that they do not mix. It may be possible to configure an aircraft 3, robot 3, or drone 3 that receives power from the fusion reactor 1R and fusion power generation unit 1GENR and uses the power to rotate and drive motors and propellers. (Considering that electric motors may be expensive due to the use of copper, rare metals (neodymium Nd), magnets, and magnetic materials,) centrifugal pumps, turbochargers, turbines, gas turbine engines, and reciprocating engine mechanisms (heat engines) that can be made from inexpensive materials such as iron may be used to rotate a propeller or turbine 1TB, compress air, and generate wind currents to propel the aircraft 3. For example, alpha ray energy from the nuclear fusion reactor 1R may be converted into heat using heat exchange means HX, which may then be used to heat a liquid to generate gas, which may then be blown onto the turbine 1TB to rotate the turbine 1TB, forming a gas turbine engine, and the rotation of the turbine 1TB may be used to take in, compress, and eject air. <Reciprocating Aircraft-like Configuration> The propeller propulsion unit of the aircraft 3 may be rotated using the system 1F-SYS-RECI. An aircraft 3 may also be configured with fixed wings, rotors, a propeller, and a reciprocating engine unit.<@Airship Configuration> For the airship-type aircraft 3, the gas in the balloon section (buoyancy generating means) can be heated with energy generated by nuclear fusion to lift the airship 3 into the air, and the propulsion of the airship 3 can be achieved by using an electric motor propeller and electricity generated by the 1GEN power generation unit. Ion propulsion or electric propulsion can also be used, which releases ions behind the 3. *The power generated by the 1F-SYS-RECI can be used to generate rotational force of the desired rotation speed and torque using a clutch or transmission gear, which can then rotate the propeller and propel it forward. It is also possible to start and stop the power supply to the propeller by turning the clutch on and off. *Peaceful uses of the aircraft 3 include the high-altitude communications platform HAPS, which is constantly flying, airship hotels, flying residential structures (flying trailer homes), and pleasure boats. Furthermore, when building drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) or humanoid work or transport robots capable of flying and performing tasks such as baggage picking, the robots (3) would need to be recharged if they were powered by secondary batteries. However, if the muon fusion system / reactor (1R / 1F-SYS) could be installed on these flying vehicles (3) and used to increase their range and operating time, it would be possible to reduce the number of times they need to be recharged or refueled. Therefore, the fusion system (1F-SYS) could be installed on aircraft (3), unmanned aerial vehicles (3), or flying machines (3). The (1R) could utilize cosmic muons using a decelerator (2MUDECE). (Aircraft (3) capable of carrying a large accelerator could be equipped with a particle accelerator that artificially generates muons, and these muons could be used for the (1R).) <Rocket propulsion unit> *3 / 1R could constitute a rocket (1FROCKET) that heats and ejects propellant (1PRPLT) using the energy of alpha rays generated by nuclear fusion. 1 MOTOR: Motor / prime mover 1 EMOTOR: Electric motor (propeller motor / fan motor), actuator 1 TH: Propulsion unit (may use / include electric propulsion unit, ion engine, etc.) 1 F ROCKET: Rocket propulsion unit / rocket 1 JET: Example of a jet engine 1 PHEATER: Compressed air heater. Example: Heat-resistant metal / ceramic part that has been heated by absorbing gamma rays, heater core or heating chamber 1 PHEATER.1TB: Turbine (centrifugal turbine, axial turbine, etc.) PUMP: Compressor / pump (centrifugal pump / axial pump) 1TB-SHAFT: Turbine shaft (may be supported by a bearing) INAIR: Atmospheric intake, AIR: Atmosphere, CAIR: Compressed atmosphere, 1PHEATER: Compressed air heater / chamber, CHAIR: Heated compressed air, EXAIR: Atmospheric exhaust <Fig. 53> *For example, in one form, as shown in Fig. 53, if PVDF is used as T1 and a muon decelerator, and F and H in the PVDF resin undergo muon fusion, alpha rays, oxygen atoms, and carbon atoms in the PVDF remain. If these carbon atoms and oxygen atoms could be used as propellant 1PRPLT, heated by alpha ray energy, and ejected as propellant behind aircraft 3, cosmic rays 3 and aircraft 3 could be used as rocket propulsion. Using PVDF, which is a solid fusion fuel and also serves as a decelerator that is part of the vehicle (3), a fusion-type solid rocket or self-eating rocket can be constructed that self-eatings the solid propellant PVDF, which is also part of the vehicle's muon decelerator, to propel the rocket. This may improve the weight efficiency and specific impulse (compared to, for example, chemical rockets) of propulsion using the propulsion unit (1TH) of an aircraft (3), spacecraft (3), or launch vehicle (3). As shown in Figure 53, a PVDF target (T1) / muon decelerator can be arranged in series in the form of pellets inside the rocket's tube, connectable to the power supply (2PWSP). Alpha rays generated by muon fusion in the T1 section from the nozzle at the rear of the rocket are converted into photons and gamma rays in the AEC section, and the photon-gamma rays are irradiated onto the T1 section, which may have already undergone fusion. The T1 section is heated with a gamma-ray photon laser and laser ablated (1TH-LA), turning the T1 into steam or plasma, which is then expelled through the nozzle at the rear of the rocket (3), and the resulting recoil can serve as the propulsion unit (1TH) that propels the rocket (3). For the T1 / decelerator close to the nozzle, voltage for driving the decelerator is sequentially applied by 2PWSP (turning on the decelerator), decelerating T1 in the decelerator and causing muon nuclear fusion to generate alpha rays, which are converted into electricity or gamma rays, and the gamma rays are irradiated onto T1 after nuclear fusion to form laser irradiation section 1TH-LA, which laser heats T1 and releases it behind the vehicle 3. 1TH-LA: The area where T1 is heated by a gamma-ray photon laser for laser ablation and heating. Propellant heating point of propulsion unit 1TH.A propellant source section that heats and injects the propellant. <Fig. 54> Fig. 54 is an example of a configuration 1F-SYS-RECI that can pressurize a different type of fuel T1 (methane CD4 gas in the figure) from those that attempt to pressurize and compress T1 having a ram section (a compression section of an engine with a ramjet engine, jet engine, gas turbine engine, or turbo compressor section) such as Fig. 7, and is an example of a system 1F-SYS-RECI that has a T1 compression section that uses a cylinder (a cylindrical container 4T having a piston section that compresses T1) of a reciprocating engine installed in a vehicle, automobile, ship, submarine, etc., a reciprocating / reciprocating engine / piston-type compression mechanism, and an exhaust system for the reaction product and a cooling / heat exchange section HX for the device fuel. (Reciprocating engines that use methane, CNG, or compressed natural gas as fuel, mix it with oxygen, ignite it with a spark plug, and burn it chemically to produce rotational motion, as well as vehicles, buses, taxis, and gas supply pipelines that are driven by these engines, are well known and in operation, and the methane-utilizing reciprocating engine type device in Figure 53 is also designed to be compatible with existing facilities. Figure 53 shows pistons, cylinders, and intake and exhaust ports similar to those of a two-stroke engine, but it is not limited to two-stroke engines and may also be a four-stroke engine. Furthermore, if solid carbon-12 is produced in addition to helium after nuclear fusion, this carbon will accumulate inside the engine and become the sludge of existing gasoline engines. This can lead to buildup of carbon, making it impossible for the pistons to reciprocate or clogging the T1 / EX1 circulation and exhaust passages, causing the engine to stop working. Therefore, to remove carbon and other (solid, not gaseous) EX1, engine oil (which may be composed of low-Z atoms) can be circulated within the engine by providing oil jets that are pressurized and sprayed by the rotation of the crankshaft, the up-and-down movement of the pistons, and the oil pump. For example, existing four-stroke engines have a structure that allows for more circulation of engine oil than two-stroke engines, and a four-stroke engine oil circulation system or a system 1F-SYS-RECI with a fuel gas compression process can be used.Gas membrane separators (e.g., polyimide resin membranes) and gas separators for separating and recovering gases such as methane and nitrogen from gases such as helium and hydrogen from pressurized natural gas (and other gases such as methane) are well known. A DEGAS membrane separator may be installed in the exhaust gas flow path shown in Figure 54, where methane and helium can be mixed, and used as a means for removing helium from the exhaust gas. A turbocharger or pump may be used to pressurize gases and fuels containing T1. The reciprocating, piston, and turbochargers or pumps convert the kinetic energy of the helium produced by nuclear fusion into heat, which is then exchanged in a heat exchanger HX (e.g., an engine radiator). This heat exchanger then boils water or a cooling medium to obtain steam, which drives the turbine of the steam turbine generator 1PP (using a heat engine) to generate electricity and power. (Alternatively, instead of a heat engine, the energy of charged alpha rays may be converted into electrical energy by the power generation unit 1GENR or AEC.) (* The decelerator unit 2MUDECE may be a decelerator of a capacitor element using PVDF, and the decelerator unit including the PVDF may perform muon deceleration, thereby enabling muon nuclear fusion of atoms in the element PVDF.) * 1F-SYS-RECI is a nuclear fusion device, and does not compress chemical fuel and oxygen like a diesel engine does, adiabatically compressing and igniting them (or spark ignition like a gasoline engine) (it uses a reciprocating engine mechanism as a device to pressurize and compress the gas of the fusion fuel T1), so it is not necessary to consider the combustion of chemical fuel (the compression ratio is limited by knocking) like in a diesel or gasoline engine, and it may be possible to compress T1 up to the (maximum) pressure that can be pressurized and pushed by the cylinder and piston. [*To avoid neutrino detonation attacks from a remote location, it may be attempted to contain a substance or part (muon catalytic poison part; an atom with a large Z; for example, a high Z atom contained in a molecule as an example of an inactive high Z atom) that limits the number of times of catalysis to a certain number within T1 in the non-tubular cylindrical vessel 4T, so as to prevent the number of times of catalysis from increasing too much.]

[0044] <Fig. 55> <Muon generation by lepton collisions> <Use of a lepton collision system using a laser wakefield accelerator> As shown in Fig. 55, mesons, muons, and particles may be generated by colliding a positive muon with an electron or a negative muon. <Fig. 56> Fig. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a medical disease removal system that aims to remove diseased areas and lesions in a part of the human body by nuclear transmutation. Fig. 56 should not limit the scope of the invention, but Fig. 56 is intended for use in removing lesions in the brain, for example. Barriers (e.g., BBB), blood-brain barrier BBB (BBB: Blood-brain barrier) The BBB acts as a checkpoint or barrier, making it difficult to deliver therapeutic drugs to the brain. When attempting to excrete proteins or molecules from brain lesions through the BBB into the body's blood circulation and the kidneys, bladder, urine, etc. as waste products, the BBB acts as a barrier, making it difficult to excrete drugs or molecules from the lesions (for example, when trying to excrete them from the brain, which is barriered by a barrier such as the BBB in the skull, to the outside of the brain). Even if the lesion's molecules are abnormal proteins (e.g., amyloid beta protein) that contain insoluble atoms such as sodium and lithium, or carbon and phosphorus, which are unnecessary in blood, when attempting to excrete the lesion's molecules from the body as waste products through the BBB, the carbon in the protein may be insoluble. This includes conceptual and explanatory diagrams of a system that aims to remove lesions within the brain by combining atoms such as carbon and phosphorus with negative muons and nuclear transmuting them into atoms with lower atomic numbers through a muon capture reaction or the like (using muons), nuclear transmuting the carbon into lithium, the phosphorus into sodium, and other atoms that are soluble in blood, body fluids, and water and easily pass through the BBB, dissolving the soluble atoms in body fluids, blood, or intracerebral fluids near the lesion, such as the brain, and then the fluid passes through the BBB and moves from the brain to organs and blood vessels outside the brain for removal (decelerated muons may be used for negative muons). This is an explanatory diagram of a system for processing, removing, and surgically operating, scalpel, or lancet-like lesions by irradiating muons and nuclear transmuting the atoms MEST1 of the lesion, converting them into atoms or molecules that are easier to remove and then removing them (a lesion within the brain is disclosed as an example, but organ tumors, for example, are also possible).Considering that the BBB restricts the movement of matter between the brain and outside the brain, this application utilizes the possibility of nuclear transmutation of small Z atoms by irradiating the lesion with negative muons, even if they may be decelerated, to transmute the lesion into ions such as sodium or lithium that can be dissolved in body fluids, blood, and water as ions, or, if the atomic molecules produced by nuclear transmutation can easily pass through the BBB, attempt to allow these atomic molecules to pass through the BBB. (Figure 57) Figure 57 is an explanatory diagram of a processing device and plasma cutting device using muon nuclear transmutation (which uses a muon nuclear fusion system to generate alpha rays and uses the energy to emit alpha rays, heat materials, and process them). (It also includes concepts of an energy emission device, a heating device for the material being processed, and an energy propulsion device.) Figure 57 has a mechanism for applying a potential difference similar to that of a plasma welding or plasma arc welding device between the welding head and the workpiece, base material, or metal wall. This configuration can also be used in a propulsion device that accelerates and ejects alpha rays. Alpha rays have a charge of +2, so when using alpha rays as a propulsion mechanism for a spacecraft, a device may be equipped with a component to neutralize the charge of the alpha rays. (Alternatively, alpha ray energy may be converted into synchrotron photon energy using an AEC, allowing for propulsion using synchrotron radiation.) <Muon-Based Processing Devices> *This application includes ideas related to processing devices, drilling devices, and removal processing devices that drill holes, such as boreholes, in metal blocks such as iron meteorites (MTO). *This application includes devices that use charged alpha rays when performing muon nuclear fusion, such as nuclear fusion that produces high-kinetic energy charged alpha rays and helium. *This application includes ideas related to propulsion devices using alpha rays (alpha ray injection devices). *This application includes ideas related to atomic nucleus colliders and collision-type nuclear fusion systems that can accelerate and inject alpha rays and collide them with atoms and metal atoms (including experimental systems that collide alpha rays with metal atoms such as iron and nickel to obtain atomic nuclei with higher Z values, such as copper and zinc). *This application includes ideas related to devices for heating metals and oxides. *This application includes inventions related to metal oxide reduction devices (metal manufacturing devices, oxygen manufacturing devices).<Lunar excavation equipment> This may be a lunar surface or celestial body in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) excavation equipment for metal oxide resource excavation and resource production equipment, or a meteorite excavation equipment for threatening meteorites (MTO). For example, when muon nuclear fusion is performed, high-kinetic-energy charged alpha rays and helium-producing nuclear fusion are performed, and alpha rays are emitted to heat and melt iron meteorites, iron, and metals. Alpha rays can be irradiated onto regolith or metal oxides, ionizing them and charging and heating them, which can serve as a heat source for chemical reactions or a source of chemical reaction energy. Irradiating regolith or metal oxides can also heat them to high temperatures and reduce them. One approach is to convert alpha ray energy into other energy sources, such as synchrotron radiation or gamma ray photon energy (e.g., MeV-class photon energy), using an AEC, and then irradiating a metal oxide with the gamma rays to heat and convert the metal oxide (e.g., magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide) into plasma, thereby obtaining metals (e.g., magnesium metal, aluminum metal) and oxygen from the metal oxide (e.g., magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide). Another approach is to irradiate magnesium oxide with a solar-pumped laser to heat it to high temperatures and reduce it to obtain magnesium metal and oxygen. Another approach is to obtain gamma rays and photons from the alpha ray energy and use the photons to convert the metal oxide into metal and oxygen. Other approaches include lunar resource laser reduction and plasma heating. For example, there are known publications that irradiate alumina placed under vacuum with an 1100-W infrared laser at 940 nm to obtain reduced aluminum particles. Another approach is to maintain the plasma and use the high temperature of the plasma (laser-sustained plasma) to reduce alumina placed in a vacuum chamber.In this application, alpha rays, which may be plasma, may be irradiated onto alumina placed in a vacuum or reduced-pressure space, heating the alumina to a high temperature and reducing it to aluminum. *For example, metal oxide 5MOX may be irradiated with laser, plasma, or charged alpha rays to heat the metal oxide to a high temperature, resulting in metal 5M vapor, particles, and fumes and oxygen 5O2 vapor and gas. The oxygen may be evacuated or moved under vacuum to a vacuum pump or to a higher vacuum side, and the metal vapor, particles, and fumes may be received in a receiving section, thereby separating the metal and oxygen molecules from the metal oxide. 5REMV-ELV: A transport mechanism for metal fragments removed from metal walls. For example, an elevator or conveyor mechanism. An elevator unit that may be equipped with wires or cables that melts metal walls, scrapes off or scoops up the molten / cooled iron and nickel fragments, nuggets, or powder, and stores them in a basket or luggage section, or magnetically attracts them with an iron or magnetic material attraction mechanism (a magnet or coil electromagnet, or a coil electromagnet that can control the attraction and release of iron magnetic material by applying electricity), and transports or moves them to the upper part, ground level, or outside. (Depending on the size of the meteorite MTO to open a borehole for meteorite explosion and the required depth of the borehole, the elevator length can be 10 km or 100 km.) 5REMV: Removal device, excavation device (using FP) 5REMV-HEAD: Head of the removal device. Capable of generating FP. 5REMV-T1NZ: Nozzle unit that can supply fuel T1 to FP. 2ER, 2EREMD: Electrodes for forming electric fields for muon decelerators and helium ion accelerators. 5REMV-BODY: The body of the removal device. It may be equipped with a muon generator, capture and transport device, and muon decelerator, and may also be equipped with cooling pipes, transport pipes for the coolant HX1 and fuel T1, a power supply 2PWSP, power supply circuits, wiring, a control computer, communication circuits, etc. 2PWSP: Power supply unit, power supply for 2MUDECE. Or a power supply that generates an accelerating electric field that accelerates charged alpha rays and helium ions generated by FP from electrode 2EREMD toward the metal wall ground electrode GND. One of the power supply electrodes and the GND line of 2PWSP may be connected to the metal part of the meteorite or iron meteorite, the ground, or earth, and the other power supply electrode of 2PWSP may be connected to the electrodes 2ER and 2EREMD. It may also be a power supply unit for accelerating and decelerating charged particles and muons / ions.5REMV-HXPIP: 5REMV, the system's cooling and heat exchange section HX. HX1: A coolant or cooling fluid that may be used to cool components of the system, such as the 5REMV and molten metal. 5REMV-HXPIP and HX may exchange heat with the meteorite's surface, the metal's surface, or the underground, or may emit heat as infrared rays into space to dissipate heat to the meteorite, celestial body, or space. (If the 5REM is used on Earth, the heat exchange section may be cooled using the atmosphere, seawater, lakes, and rivers.) 2MU: Muons may be transported from the meteorite surface to the metal removal section, or muons may be generated and decelerated within the 5REM using a muon generation section including a particle accelerator and particle collision section using a laser or laser wakefield, and then irradiated and coupled to the T1 and FP sections. MLTFE: Molten metal. (Molten metal in the case of metal) HX1: Coolant T1: Muon fusion fuel (may double as coolant HXX, which is also a fuel) M1, 2MU, M1F: Muons, muon generation unit, which may be at high speed M1L: Slowed-down muons VMD: Voltage applied to the muon decelerator, or / and the potential difference between the metal wall and the VMD electrode unit 2ERVMD: May be electrode unit 2ER to which VMD of the muon decelerator is applied, or may be electrode 2ERVMD capable of generating an electric field EMD capable of accelerating charged alpha rays and helium ions from 2ERVMD to the metal wall GND unit at the muon fusion point FP, which can connect T1 and M1L. *The FP section may be located at a point where there is a potential difference VMD between the electrode VMD and the metal wall GND section, and may be subjected to an electric field EMD. When muons and T1 combine in the FP section and muon fusion occurs at T1, generating charged alpha rays and helium, the helium may be accelerated and moved by Coulomb force by the electric field EMD toward the metal wall GND section. The electric field EMD can separate the charged alpha rays and helium generated in the FP section, preventing helium, which is difficult to fuse, from accumulating in the FP section, allowing T1 to be located in the FP section. If an electric field EMD is applied to the FP section, it may be possible to configure an ion thruster or alpha ray helium ion thruster that emits alpha rays from the FP in the direction of the electric field EMD when alpha ray-emitting muon fusion occurs within the FP section. (By placing EMD in the FP section, it is possible to configure an ion thruster or ionic wind generator.) 2ERVMD and the metal wall electrode GND may be connected to 2PWSP.GND (MTO-IN-GND): The electrode GND of the metal wall may be connected to other wall surfaces or points that should be at GND potential via conductors or wiring using an earth wire or earthing line. 5REMV-SHIELD: A device part that scrapes, scoops, or scrapes molten metal, such as a shield machine, and stores or adsorbs it in a transport mechanism such as a conveyor or elevator, and transports it out of the device or borehole. It may be possible to pump it using gas or fluid, like a shield machine. 5REMV may be able to circulate within the device using HX1, a fluid for cooling the device. Fusion fuel T1 may also be used as the coolant HXX or cooling fluid HXX for the device if possible. HX1 may also be used to cool molten metal and solidify it. On the other hand, this application takes into account the possibility that the amount of gas, water, and working fluid required for pumping may be limited on the surface or inside of a meteorite in space. It also describes the transportation of metal fragments using a screw pump or screw feed mechanism, or (if the metal being excavated is magnetic) the use of a cage with a magnetic attraction part and an elevator / conveyor unit with the cage, where the metal fragments are attracted to the cage's magnetic attraction part for transportation. *Assuming that the walls of a metallic meteorite are metal and easily cooled like a heat sink, the metal melted by the metal wall and scraped or scooped up by the SCRWP may cool to solid metal fragments. On the other hand, if the interior of a natural metallic meteorite is molten like magma, it may be difficult to excavate. In this case, it is assumed that drilling to the molten part would involve placing fuel for a nuclear fusion bomb, forming one fuel-loaded borehole, and then arranging multiple such boreholes and detonating them. It is sufficient to miniaturize the meteorite MTO through nuclear explosions, and to achieve this, multiple blasting processes may be used to split, disassemble, and miniaturize the MTO. *If the borehole depth is limited by the meteorite's geology, it is also possible to steadily excavate the surface multiple times and repeatedly blast multiple locations. Even in this case, it is preferable to have a large amount of fusion fuel available. (While existing multi-stage nuclear weapons that use fission warheads to heat fusion fuel such as LiD, and 3F bombs that sequentially undergo fission, fusion, and fission, consume fission fuel resources, this application allows for the extraction and use of fuel T1 from the gas-ice celestial body of Uranus, which is considered advantageous in terms of procuring fuel T1 for blasting the threatening iron meteorite MTO.) A muon fusion system using the T1 of this application may be used.) SCRWP: A feed screw pump mechanism that moves and sends molten metal / FeNi using a screw system. It may be equipped with a scooping section, pit, die, scoop section, and feed screw section that scoops and sends out the molten metal. It may also be a screw conveyor. It may also be a removal head SCRWP that cuts, files, scrapes, and scoops up metal parts with metallic bonds that are to be excavated and removed, like the cutter head or screw conveyor of a shield machine, a known device that excavates soil and oxide rock to form tunnels, and that may be heated and melted by the energy generated by the nuclear fusion section FP of the SREMV-HEAD (alpha ray energy, etc.). 5REMV-ELV: A transport mechanism for metal fragments and nuggets (Fe). It includes a cage (LAG) that can store or magnetically grab or load metal fragments and nuggets (Fe) scraped, scooped, or lifted by the SCREWP, and a cable (C), conveyor, and transport mechanism that can transport the cage (LAG) from underground to the surface. (Metal fragments and nuggets (Fe) may be cooled during transport. If magnetic attraction is used to attract iron, the molten iron must be cooled to a solid state and become magnetic.) The 5REMV-ELV includes a cage, cargo transport arm, lift, gondola, luggage compartment, and luggage (LAG) connected to the transport cable (5REMV-ELV-WIR) that transports the melted and removed metal to the ground or upper side. *If gravity is weak in space, the part that picks, harvests, and collects metal materials may be magnetically picked instead of gravity. If the metal MLTFE is an iron or magnetic material, the iron or magnetic material can be magnetically attracted to the cage LAG by a coil or magnet that can magnetically attract the iron, and the cage can be moved to move the iron. 5REMV-ELV-WIR: Transport cable / wire conveyor.

[0045] <The following documents are incorporated by reference> <Document Title> Specification of Patent Application No. 2024-082974 and Patent Application No. 2024-123704 <Name of Invention> Nuclear Transmutation System, Processing Device, Removal Device, Excision Device <Technical Field> <0001> <Technical Field> The present invention is an invention related to nuclear power. The present invention relates to a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system. (This application is based on an idea and requires demonstration.) <Background Art> <0002> As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion method (muon catalyzed nuclear fusion) is known. <0003> Hydrogen molecules containing deuterium (D) and tritium (T) are made into a liquid, and muons are introduced into the liquid, causing the muons to act as a catalyst for nuclear fusion and initiate a nuclear fusion reaction. However, in the case of hydrogen molecules, the charge of the nucleus after nuclear fusion increases from +1 for hydrogen atoms to +2 for helium atoms, and muons are captured and trapped by Coulomb forces by nuclei with a charge of +2, helium nuclei, and alpha particle nuclei, resulting in the problem of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion halting (making it difficult to react). <0004> According to Non-Patent Document 2, a thermonuclear fusion method using protons and boron is known. A problem with thermonuclear fusion reactors is the high-energy neutron rays that can activate the fusion reactor through D-T and D-D reactions. As a solution to this problem, systems using protons and boron (P-11B system, proton-boron system) that do not or are difficult to emit neutrons are being considered. When using the P-11B system in a thermonuclear fusion reactor, there is a problem in that the temperature at which thermonuclear fusion occurs must be 10 times higher than that of a D-T system.<Prior art documents> <Patent documents> <0005> <Non-patent document 1> High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Muon catalyzed nuclear fusion [Internet, web page, URL: https: / / www2.kek.jp / imss / msl / muon-tour / fusion.html, accessed September 18, 2023] <Non-patent document> <0006> <Non-patent document 2> National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Demonstration of nuclear fusion reaction using advanced fusion fuel - The first step towards a clean nuclear fusion reactor using a hydrogen-boron reaction that does not produce neutrons - [Internet web page, URL: https: / / www.nifs.ac.jp / news / researches / 230309-01. [html, accessed September 18, 2023] <Summary of the Invention> <Problem to be Solved by the Invention> <0007> The problem to be solved is that in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion systems using hydrogen atoms or hydrogen molecules, muons are captured or trapped by Coulomb forces, causing the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion to stop (become less reactive). Furthermore, systems using deuterium (D) or tritium (T) in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion generate neutrons that may radioactively activate components of a fusion reactor or fusion system. However, it may be possible to have a system that does not generate neutrons. <Means for Solving the Problem> <0008> In muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, it is desirable to bring muons close to hydrogen atoms, the fuel material prior to fusion, to cause fusion. However, helium nuclei, the atomic nuclei after fusion, have a higher charge than hydrogen nuclei prior to fusion, making them more likely to capture muons. Therefore, in this invention, a system using protons and boron is disclosed as Example 1 in Figure 1 as a system that reverses this charge change. Also, an assumed example of a spaceship 3 and transportation equipment 3 equipped with it is shown in Figure 5. <0009> The intention behind Figure 5 is that a spaceship or space exploration robot 3 traveling between interstellar planets may be required to generate power and propel itself using fuel carried on the spaceship even in interplanetary or interstellar spaces where sunlight and starlight cannot reach. The background to this is the idea that it would be possible to use the vacuum environment of space as a power source, operate a particle accelerator to generate muons and protons, and configure a nuclear fusion reactor or nuclear fusion thruster.<0010> Although neutrons may be emitted, as an example (Example 2) from another perspective of the present invention, a system using protons and lithium is also disclosed as an example not limited to systems using protons and boron. The intention behind disclosing a lithium system is that lithium has a lower melting point than boron and is easily heated to form liquid lithium. On the other hand, systems using boron require heating to a high temperature exceeding boron's melting point of 2000 degrees Celsius. <0011> The present invention focuses on the fact that in a proton-boron nuclear fusion reaction system (P-11B system), the charge of the boron nucleus, which serves as the fusion fuel, is +5, and the charge of the helium produced after nuclear fusion is +3. The P-11B system is a system in which the charge of the nucleus decreases during the nuclear fusion reaction from boron to helium. (*On the other hand, as mentioned above, the D-T system is a system in which charge increases after nuclear fusion, resulting in trapping.) <0012> Figure 1 of this application assumes the following reaction. (Unproven) 1. A proton with a +1 charge is incident on a boron nucleus (muonic molecule containing boron) with a +5 charge that has been captured by a muon with a -1 charge, causing and promoting a nuclear fusion reaction. 2. Nuclear fusion produces three helium alpha particles with a +3 charge and energy from one proton and one boron. 3. It is thought that muons prefer to be trapped by the boron with a +5 charge that exists in large quantities in the bulk around the muon (they are electrically attracted to it), rather than being trapped by the +3 helium after it is created. 4. The muon tends to stay near the boron rather than the helium, trapping the muon, and the boron (which becomes a muonic molecule, making it easier for protons to approach electrically and facilitate nuclear fusion) fusing with the incident protons, and this process is repeated, with the muon catalyzing the nuclear fusion reaction between the protons and boron. <0013> In this invention or device, in a proton-boron nuclear fusion reaction system (P-11B system), the boron that serves as the nuclear fusion fuel has an electric charge of 5 (+5), and the helium produced after nuclear fusion has an electric charge of 3 (+3), so we propose a system (Figure 1) in which muons and protons are irradiated onto a boron target to cause muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *This application is at the idea stage and has not been demonstrated, but we are filing this application on the assumption that in the P-11B system, the fuel has the +5 electric charge of boron, making it easier to capture and trap negatively charged muons than the +2 electric charge of the helium produced after nuclear fusion.*In the opposite system, known hydrogen-D-T muon-catalyzed fusion systems, negatively charged muons are easily captured by helium. <0014> *The present invention and device use a proton-boron fusion system as an example. However, to avoid limiting the scope of the invention, we will more generally disclose the conditions of the present invention. It may be sufficient for the system in which the charge of the substance produced when atomic nuclei fuse is smaller than the charge of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel. *For example, a system with the reaction formula shown in Figure 2 is conceivable. As shown in the example of Figure 2, a system using boron (B) or lithium (Li) may also be used. <0015> *The boron and lithium used in the present invention may be heated above room temperature and used as a liquid. For example, liquid lithium may be used. Existing muon-catalyzed fusion systems use cooled liquid hydrogen (melting point: minus 250 degrees Celsius). However, liquid lithium has a melting point of around 180 degrees Celsius. Therefore, liquid lithium may have the advantage of being easier to liquefy than liquid hydrogen when used as a muon target. Boron, with a melting point of 2070°C and a boiling point of 4000°C, is higher than lithium, but can be used as liquid boron in the target irradiated with muons and protons. Muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion is expected to occur in the target using boron, with a nuclear charge of +5, or lithium, with a nuclear charge of +3, as the fusion fuel. After muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, helium alpha rays, with a nuclear charge of +2, are generated and emitted from the system. (A system using boron and protons is shown in Figure 1, and a system using protons, neutrons, and lithium is shown in Figure 3.) <0016> The most significant feature of the present invention is the use of a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system in which the charge of the material produced during the nuclear fusion (He, alpha rays in Figure 1) is smaller than the charge of the fusion fuel atoms (B in Figure 1). <Effects of the Invention> <0017> The present invention is a neutron-free fusion system, similar to the P-11B system, and has the advantage of potentially reducing the production of radioactive materials during nuclear fusion. <Brief Description of the Drawings> <0018> <Figure 1> Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS using boron and protons. <Figure 2> Figure 2 is an example of a nuclear fusion reaction system characterized in that when atomic nuclei fuse, the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by nuclear fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that serve as the nuclear fusion fuel.(Figure 2 is an explanatory document, and not all of the examples shown in Figure 2 are used in the present invention, but they are shown as examples of reaction systems having the characteristics. For example, in Group A of Figure 2, reaction formulas for systems using protons and lithium, protons and boron-11, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and oxygen-17 and oxygen-18, etc. are shown. Group B lists reaction formulas for lithium-6 and lithium-7 with protons, D, neutrons, and helium-3. Group C lists reaction formulas related to carbon. For carbon, an example of a carbon-carbon nuclear fusion reaction is also listed.) <Figure 3> Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS using lithium and protons. (A) shows an example in which protons, neutrons, and deuterium are irradiated and introduced into lithium, and (B) shows an example in which lithium-deuteride-6, in which lithium-6 and deuterium are chemically bonded (ionically bonded), is used. <Figure 4> Figure 4 is a comparative explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method using existing D and T and the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method using protons and B or Li of the present invention. (The upper part of Figure 4 shows the method using D and T, while the lower part of Figure 4 shows the method using protons and B or Li of the present invention.) <Figure 5> Figure 5 shows a nuclear fusion reactor 1R and a nuclear fusion application thruster 1TH including the present 1F-SYS, and examples of their applications. *For example, the 1F-SYS may be mounted on a spaceship 3 or exploration robot 3 that propels and travels through the air, outer space, interplanetary space, or interstellar space. The spaceship 3 may generate muons, protons, and neutrons using an accelerator, collect and store nuclear fuel B or Li, and then perform the nuclear fusion reaction, releasing He alpha rays, etc., behind 3 to propel it. *3 is not limited to spaceships; it may also be various transportation equipment, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, submarines, vehicles, automobiles, robots, various industrial machinery, or space exploration robots. <Fig. 6> Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram and conceptual diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS that uses diborane, boron hydride, alkane, and azan. (This is an explanatory diagram of a system in which the target T1 is diborane, alkane, and azan, excluding the part that is irradiated with protons in Fig. 1.) <Fig. 7> Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS that uses a diborane and boron hydride part that is pressurized using the ramjet method. <Fig. 8> Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the system 1F-SYS-MP1 that mixes and compresses boron hydride such as diborane with muonic hydrogen atoms in the compression part.<Fig. 9> Fig. 9 shows an example of the 1F-SYS system with a compression section and a heating section. (A laser irradiation system may also be included.) <Fig. 10> An explanatory diagram of a MERIT accelerator / MERIT ring in which a movable muon target for muon generation and a rotating muon target are inserted and rotated to move, and a particle beam is applied to the target to generate pions and muons. (The cross section of the rotating disk may be thin, or it may be wedge-shaped, with a thinner outer periphery.) <Fig. 11> An explanatory diagram of mechanical replacement of a disk-shaped movable muon target. <Fig. 12> An explanatory diagram of the case where one of the extraction ports is stopped, the movable muon target section is removed and moved from the accelerator, and the muon target section is replaced with another muon target. <Fig. 13> An explanatory diagram of a muon fusion / muon transmutation system and an apparatus that uses a movable muon target to simultaneously perform muon target replacement and particle collisions with the muon target to generate pions and muons. (Including the muon deceleration section) <Fig. 14> An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system in which the movable muon target includes hydrogen atoms, protons, or helium atoms. <Fig. 15> An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system that uses helium atoms (or hydrogen atoms / positively charged particles) moving through a circular accelerator as the muon target. <Fig. 16> An explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, and atom production system using a meson production system. <Fig. 17> An explanatory diagram of one embodiment of the present application, in which cosmic muons or high-speed muons are decelerated and irradiated, injected, and combined with atoms in the target section T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation or nuclear fusion. (A) An example in which high-speed cosmic muons are decelerated using a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere, space, and sky sides of the target T1, and then irradiated onto T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation. (B) An example in which a laser is directly irradiated onto the target T1 (raw material atoms / molecules), forming an electric field capable of decelerating the muons, thereby decelerating the muons and attempting muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. <Fig. 18> An explanatory diagram of an example in which a pulsed laser is directly irradiated onto a target T1 of raw material atoms or molecules, forming an electric field capable of decelerating the muons, decelerating the muons, and binding the muons to atoms in T1 to attempt muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation. <Fig. 19> An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which an element that forms an electric field is used as a muon decelerator. (A) An explanatory diagram when decelerating muons using an element that forms an electric field. (A) is a configuration in which muons that have entered the target T1 may rotate due to a magnetic field B and move within the atoms in the target.(B) An explanatory diagram of forming a deceleration electric field using a pyroelectric body or an array of pyroelectric bodies, and slowing down muons using the electric field. (B) A configuration in which the temperature of the end of a pyroelectric body is changed to generate an electric field in the pyroelectric body, and this electric field is used as a means for slowing down muons. <Fig. 20> An explanatory diagram of an element that forms an electric field. (A) When a capacitor element using electrodes and an insulator / dielectric is used. (B1) When an electric double layer capacitor type element is used. (B2) An explanatory diagram of an element including an electric double layer portion. <Fig. 21> An explanatory diagram of a transportation device / structure 3 equipped with a part that generates mesons / muons from cosmic rays. <Fig. 22> An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / nuclear fusion system that uses muons, taking into account muon nuclear capture reactions. (A) A muon binds to carbon-12 in a carbon material, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, and is converted into a boron-12 nucleus (12B*) with an excitation energy of 10-20 MeV. The excitation energy is then transferred from 12B* to an adjacent carbon-12 nucleus, resulting in excited carbon-12 (12C*), which is then converted into helium. The excitation energy is then transferred to the adjacent carbon-12, and this process is repeated. (B1) A diagram illustrating the case where a muon binds to a nitrogen-15-containing azan, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, and is converted into carbon-15, followed by the generation of nitrogen-15 after the half-life of carbon-15 has elapsed. (B2) A diagram illustrating the muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15. (In B1, nitrogen-15 can be converted to carbon-15, but the effective nuclear charge / Z of carbon-15 is lower than that of nitrogen-15, so it is assumed that the fusion reaction will continue.) <Fig. 23> An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated into ammonia containing nitrogen-15. <Fig. 24> An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated into boron hydride containing boron-11 (a system of boron hydride anions and lithium cations). <Fig. 25> An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM and muon communication system 1MU-COM. <Fig. 26> An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM, which has a section 2MS-NUT-GRAV that separates neutrinos of different masses.<Fig. 27> An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which muons M1 are irradiated onto a target T1 in a vessel 4D-MUCF or 4T-MUCF equipped with a coil 2COIL, and the target T1 is confined and moved by a magnetic field. <Fig. 28> Figure 1 in the upper left of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1 using a vacuum pump 4RFP that uses a deep eutectic solvent or the like as the working liquid. (An example of using a Sprengel pump as Pump Example 1.) Figure 2 in the upper right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1. (An explanatory diagram of System 1 used as a food pump as Pump Example 2. Here, the pump type may be a liquid ring pump, a rotary pump, or other pump using a working liquid.) Figure 3 in the lower left of Figure 28 is a comparison diagram of a vacuum evacuation system including a low vacuum pump RP and a high vacuum pump FP with the vacuum pump 4RFP and System 1 of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram of the combination. Figure 4 in the lower right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of a general liquid ring pump and rotary pump. (For example, NADES or ionic liquid IL is used for the working liquid, liquid seal, liquid seal ring, and seal part) <Fig. 29> Fig. 29 is an explanatory diagram of one of the coils of the annular vacuum vessel 4D. (Annular vacuum vessel: doughnut, annular vacuum chamber, plasma vessel 4D, 4D-T, 4D-ST, 4D-H. Coil 4C-EDL) <Fig. 30> Fig. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the annular vacuum vessel. (Means for rotating the annular vacuum vessel 4ROT may be provided.) <Fig. 31> Fig. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel using a motor and bearings as the rotation means 4ROT (4ROT is a motor / rocket motor) <Fig. 32> Fig. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel equipped with a propulsion device (propulsion device 4ROT-TH) <Fig. 33> Fig. 33(A) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel (4T, 4T-IN) rotating in the circumferential direction / theta direction of the cylinder (an example of rotating a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel used for magnetic mirror type, field-reversed configuration type, etc.), (B) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical vessel 4T / 4T-MUCF. <Fig. 34> Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation with deuterated carbon-12, a compound of deuterium and carbon-12. (A) Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of methane CD4, which consists of carbon-12 and deuterium D. (B) An assumed example of muonic nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of deuterated carbon, a polymer / resin made by combining deuterium and carbon-12. Specific example: An assumed example of muonic nuclear fusion within a deuterium carbon molecule (C2D4)n. <Figure 35> An explanatory diagram of an assumed example of muonic nuclear fusion of H and F atoms within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin.(In some forms, the PVDF section may serve as both the target section T1 and the muon decelerator 2MUDECE.) <Fig. 36> An explanatory diagram of an assumed example of a muon fusion system in which the target section T1 and decelerator 2MUDECE are arranged within coil 2COIL, and muons may be confined in T1 within the magnetic vessel / magnetic field cage 2MAGC within the coil. (Here, T1 and decelerator 2MUDECE may be a capacitor element 2FDELE-PVDF using PVDF and a decelerator / element 2FDELE-PVDF using two electrodes, which may contain atoms for the T1 section (hydrogen and fluorine-19) for muon fusion. Also, coil 2COIL and magnetic field cage 2MAGC may be a helical coil 2COIL-Helical or a helical magnetic field cage 2MAGC-Helical.) <Fig. 37> An explanatory diagram of a system including a control section, power supply, auxiliary equipment, etc. when driving the device of Fig. 36. (Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP.) <Figure 38> Negative muon decelerator / positive muon accelerator using capacitor elements. [Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP. An explanatory diagram of a configuration capable of decelerating negative muons and accelerating positive muons (capable of separating positive and negative muons). In the diagram, PVDF is used as an example for the insulator / dielectric portion, but other insulators such as diamond can also be used.] <Figure 39> Example of arrangement of decelerator / capacitor element and T1. <Figure 40> An explanatory diagram of a device used as a capacitor element / muon decelerator / muon accelerator, in which electrodes are attached to the six faces of an insulator / dielectric cube to decelerate the velocity components in the three-dimensional XYZ directions. <Figure 41> An explanatory diagram showing the use of a muon fusion system to explode and inject propellant into the threatening meteorite MTO, thereby changing the meteorite's trajectory, attitude, and movement. A 4T-MUCF vessel loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 is placed on the threatening meteorite MTO (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR), and muons or neutrinos or particles are irradiated (from the 1NUT-TX installation location) onto the muon generator and muon decelerator installed inside the vessel, causing muon fusion ignition of T1 in the 4T-MUCF vessel from a remote location (the installation location), causing it to blast and explode, and the resulting explosive force intended to explode or intercept the MTO, or to change the meteorite's trajectory, direction, or attitude.<Figure 42> Diagram of an attempt to split and fragment the MTO meteorite from within the meteorite using a muon fusion system using T1 loaded into a hole drilled inside the meteorite. A borehole (5T-HOLE) is drilled into the threatening MTO meteorite, T1 is loaded into the hole and sealed, a container (4T-MUCF) loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 is placed (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR), the T1 is ignited by muon fusion and detonated, causing a muon fusion explosion from within the MTO, detonating and detonating the MTO, and splitting and decomposing the MTO using the explosive force. <Figure 43> Diagram of an attempt to remotely explode the T1 in a hole inside an iron meteorite, where radio waves are difficult to reach, by irradiating a single T1 point from multiple irradiation points, generating muons through charged current reactions, etc. <Figure 44> Explanatory diagram of the 5REMV-HEAD, a metal / material heating, evaporation, removal, and ablation device with a nuclear fusion section and alpha ray irradiation section. <Figure 45> Explanatory diagram of fuel T1 injection into an iron meteorite using a centrifugal gun, blast ball 3LOAD injection and drilling, and T1 ignition. <Figure 46> Explanatory diagram of the centrifuge gun structure 2LPST. <Figure 47> Explanatory diagram of the detonation and destruction of a muon fusion system with a neutrino-muon conversion section (atoms, neutrons, and particles for conversion). <Figure 48> Explanatory diagram of the submarine 3SUBM, which includes a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitters and receivers. <Figure 49> Explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography and CT of celestial bodies, satellites, and meteorites MTO. (Explanatory diagram of a CT system using muons or neutrinos. Explains that the transmitters and receivers for muons, etc. may be mounted on a spaceship / spacecraft 3 to obtain transmission images of large meteorites and celestial bodies. The 3 may communicate with each other via a wireless communications network 1 NETWORK.) <Fig. 50> Explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography / CT of the human body / object. <Fig. 51> Explanatory diagram of an aircraft / spacecraft 3 including a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitters and receivers. <Fig. 52> Explanatory diagram / hypothetical diagram of when the energy of charged alpha rays, particles and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor is extracted as electricity or power and used in the propulsion device of transportation equipment 3. <Fig. 53> Explanatory diagram of an example of when the energy of charged alpha rays, particles and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor is used in a rocket propulsion device.The upper part of the figure shows an example of a solid rocket. The lower part shows an example of a solid-type self-eating rocket. <Figure 54> An explanatory diagram of a device including a pressurizing section for the fuel T1 section of a reciprocating engine type. <Figure 55> An explanatory diagram of a lepton collider-type muon generator. (Or an explanatory diagram of a particle collision-type muon generator. A particle accelerator using a laser or LWF for lepton acceleration may also be used.) <Figure 56> An explanatory diagram of a medical lesion removal system that attempts to remove diseased areas or lesions in parts of the human body through nuclear transmutation. <Figure 57> An explanatory diagram of a processing device using muons, a plasma cutting device, an energy emission device, and a propulsion device capable of ejecting and moving alpha rays. <Forms for Carrying Out the Invention> <0019> Figure 1 shows Example 1. Focusing on the trapping problem of muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, we devised a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system using boron, as shown in M1, T1, and B1 in Figure 1. Figure 5 shows the actual use of Figure 1, such as a spacecraft or exploration robot 3 that travels between planets or stars where sunlight does not reach. <Example 1> <0020> Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the device / system of the present invention, which uses boron for the fuel F1 and target T1. *Because this system uses muons and protons, it requires equipment such as an accelerator. A vacuum is required to operate the accelerator. If the accelerator is placed in outer space, the vacuum of outer space may be used. <Example 2> <0021> Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the device / system of the present invention, which uses lithium for the fuel F1 and target T1. Lithium has a lower melting point than boron. <Industrial Applicability> <0022> Although it is necessary to secure resources such as boron and lithium, it may be possible to create a power source through nuclear fusion. Since the present invention uses an accelerator that requires a vacuum and generates alpha rays, which are expected to have a high ejection speed, it may be possible to use it in the propulsion device of a spacecraft traveling through the vacuum of outer space, as shown in Figure 5. <Explanation of Symbols> <0023> <Figs. 1 and 3> 1F-SYS: An explanatory diagram of a muon catalyzed fusion system that utilizes a fusion reaction using boron and protons. M1: Muon generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating muons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A system using a particle accelerator capable of generating muons. P1: Proton generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating protons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator that can accelerate protons and inject them into and irradiate the target.Elements of fusion fuel in a boron-proton fusion reaction system. N1: Neutron generation means, means for injecting and irradiating neutrons into a fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating neutrons and firing them into a target for irradiation. A1: Particle accelerator A1. T1: Target portion including fusion fuel. Fusion fuel T1, F1. B1: Portion of T1 that uses boron. Boron target. The boron may be molten. L1: Portion of T1 that uses lithium. Lithium target. The lithium may be molten liquid lithium. EX1: Product EX1 after fusion. In Figures 1 and 3, this is helium He and alpha rays produced after fusion. <Figure 5> 3: Transportation equipment 1R: 1F-SYS, which is a fusion reactor. A fusion reactor including 1F-SYS. A power generation unit that converts the energy of alpha rays into electrical energy may be provided. 1GENR: Power generation unit (a part that converts energy obtained by the nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS and nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS into electricity) *Although not specified in Figure 5, the electricity derived from nuclear fusion generated by 1EXP-SYS, 1F-SYS, and 1R may be supplied to the muon generator M1 or the proton generator P1 and used to generate muons and protons. This electricity may be used to drive the system of the present invention and each part of the system. 1TH: A nuclear fusion application propulsion device and thrust generator including 1F-SYS. Propulsion means. Transportation means. (If 3 is a spacecraft, 1TH may be a particle beam emitter such as alpha rays, gamma rays, photons, or particles. If 3 is an aircraft, it may be a propellant ejection unit that uses the power obtained from 1GEN to take in propellant and air, heat and compress it, and eject it behind 3, or it may be an electrically powered propeller unit. If 3 is a ship, it may be a part that can rotate the propeller or generate a water current using the power obtained from 1GEN. If 3 is a robot with an arm or a vehicle that moves on land, it may be a wheel, tire, motor, or robot motor / arm unit that can be driven by the power obtained from 1GEN.) 1TH-NZ: Nozzle unit of 1TH. A nozzle unit that emits alpha rays when the product EX1 after nuclear fusion is energetic helium or alpha rays. It may be a thrust deflection device / nozzle. The alpha rays may be irradiated onto the propellant, causing it to heat and be ejected. *Apart from 1TH-NZ, the electricity generated by 1R may be used to operate an ion thruster or a propulsion device that uses the recoil of a photon laser to propel the vehicle.<Figure 6> System using diborane B2H6. BH1: A boron-containing substance, B1 being boron hydride, diborane, or borane. T1 and F1 are diborane. Diborane target. Diborane and BH1 may be gas, liquid, or fluid (solid). (The fluid configuration of Figure 7 is also possible.) The system of Figure 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, eliminating the need for the proton introduction section P1 shown in Figure 1, etc. <Figure 7> 1F-SYS-RAM: Nuclear fusion system. (An assumed diagram of a system using the diborane of the present invention applied to a system in which a known ramjet section circulates a fusion fuel fluid in a closed loop.) RAM: Ram pressure generator section for ramjet-type compression. PBH1: Compressed BH1 section. Muon target section with compressed diborane fluid section. FP: Nuclear fusion reaction section, muon irradiation section. FEEDC: The part that removes helium from the diborane fluid circulating within the system, removes excess materials, and adds necessary materials, diborane as fuel. Feed control part. Fuel supply system, fuel control system. Helium (He) removal part, diborane fuel supply part, etc. HX: Heat exchanger ENEX: Although not shown in the diagram, it is a power generation part that generates electricity using alpha rays and nuclear fusion energy. It may be included within the system. PUMP: Compressor, pump. Pressurizes, compresses, and circulates the fluid within the system. Driven by a motor, etc. (Driven by electricity from the power generation part) M1: Muon generation part, muon irradiation part (Driven by electricity from the power generation part) EX1: Helium generated after nuclear fusion (which needs to be removed). <0024> <Other> In this application, we attempt to keep negatively charged muons in the nuclei of nuclear fuel material atoms by using a system in which the positive charge of the nuclei of the nuclear fuel material (e.g., B, Li) is greater than that of the fusion products (e.g., He). The intention is that the muon will be more stable in terms of Coulomb force, charge, electric field, and electricity if it is located in the fusion fuel rather than in the fusion products. *For example, if a boron system contains an impurity with an atomic number Z greater than that of boron, according to the concept of this application, the impurity with a Z greater than that of boron may trap the muon and stop the reaction. (For example, considering sodium borohydride NaBH4, which is used as a raw material for diborane, sodium has a Z greater than boron, and according to the concept of this application, the muon should be trapped by the Na in NaBH4.) <0025> While the invention and embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. <0026> <<Addendum from an Application Claiming Priority>> The following items were added to the prior application, Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-150635. <0027> While protons are irradiated onto boron in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 6, borane, diborane B2H6, or boron hydride, in which boron is pre-bonded with protons and hydrogen atoms, may be used for the target portion T1. For example, liquefied diborane may be used for the fusion fuel F1 or target T1. The system of FIG. 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, which may advantageously eliminate the need for the proton introduction portion P1 shown in FIG. 1, etc. <0028> Figure 7 illustrates the 1F-SYS-RAM system, which pressurizes, compresses, and circulates diborane and irradiates it with muons to induce nuclear fusion. (Figure 7 is one of the examples and embodiments of Figure 6.) Figure 7 is a hypothetical diagram of a system using the diborane of the present invention applied to a known system in which a fusion fuel fluid having a ramjet section circulates in a closed loop. <0029> The diborane in the 1F-SYS-RAM system of Figure 7 is pressurized, compressed, and circulated by the compressor PUMP. The pressurized fluid diborane is further compressed by the compressor section RAM to form a compressed BH1 section (PBH1 section). Muons are irradiated onto PBH1 from the muon irradiation section M1, promoting nuclear fusion. (Because diborane is compressed, its density increases, making it easier for it to come into contact with, approach, and interact with muons, and it is hoped that this will facilitate the catalytic fusion reaction.) <0030> The system 1F-SYS-RAM in Figure 7 has the advantage that protons and boron can be supplied to the system together as diborane, a bond between hydrogen and boron. Not only is the proton introduction section P1 unnecessary, but it is also possible to add fuel to the system and remove He from the system (degassing). (The feed control section FEEDC is used, including the helium (He) removal section and diborane fuel supply section.) <0031> Furthermore, considering the ease with which impurities with atomic numbers higher than those of boron are mixed in, diborane, which can be purified as a gas, may be better than solid boron.(Solid boron must be produced, refined, and refined as a solid crystal.) As mentioned in paragraph 0024 of this application using sodium borohydride NaBH4 as an example, this application is considered to dislike the presence of atoms, post-fusion products EX1, or impurities in the fuel with atomic numbers greater than that of the fusion fuel. <0032> Furthermore, the systems of Figures 1, 3, 6, 7, etc. of this application do not assume the presence of atoms, post-fusion products EX1, or impurities with atomic numbers greater than that of the fusion fuel in the direction of the muons. For example, it is assumed that atmospheric molecular atoms (e.g., nitrogen N or oxygen O) with atomic numbers greater than that of boron B do not exist. If nitrogen N exists, it may be trapped. The configuration of this application may need to take care to avoid atoms with atomic numbers greater than that of the boron fuel (or other candidate elements or atoms, such as lithium). <0033> <Document Title> <> <Item 1> A muon-catalyzed fusion system using a fusion reaction system characterized by the nuclear charge of atoms / particles produced by a fusion reaction being smaller than the nuclear charge of atoms of the nuclear fuel material. <Item 2> The muon-catalyzed fusion system according to Item 1, wherein the fusion fuel contains boron or lithium, and the atoms / particles produced by the fusion reaction are helium-alpha rays. <Item 3> The muon-catalyzed fusion system according to Item 2, wherein the fuel is in a liquid or fluid state. <Item 4> The muon-catalyzed fusion system according to Item 1, wherein the fusion fuel is boron / borohydride, and the atoms / particles produced by the fusion reaction are helium-alpha rays. <Problem> In known muon-catalyzed fusion, there has been a problem in which muons attach to, capture, or are trapped by helium, the product of fusion, rather than by the fusion fuel material such as hydrogen, deuterium (D), or tritium (T), causing catalytic fusion to stop. We wanted to solve the problem of muons being captured not in the fusion fuel material but in the material produced after fusion, making it difficult for the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction to proceed.We also wanted to devise a system that makes it difficult to generate neutrons.<Means>We use a fusion reaction system that has the characteristic that when atomic nuclei fuse in muon-catalyzed fusion, the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that become the fusion fuel.Specifically, we propose a muon-catalyzed fusion system that uses diborane, which contains protons and boron or protons as hydrogen molecules with boron, as the fusion fuel. <0034> <<Addendum based on the application claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2023-150635 and 2023-151787. <0035> <Figure 8: Case in which P1 and M1 in Figure 5 are combined and mixed as muonic hydrogen and introduced into the target section on the same ray / line> In this application, as shown in Figure 5, protons P1 and muons M1 can be combined and mixed on the same ray / line and irradiated onto the target section T1. As shown in Figure 5, using a particle accelerator A1, fuel protons P1 and catalytic muons M1 can be combined and mixed on the same ray / line and irradiated onto the target section T1 containing boron. 5, the present application uses a particle accelerator A1 or a neutral beam injector NBI to irradiate and inject electrically neutral muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 (and possibly electrically neutral muonic hydrogen molecules MP12 consisting of two muonic hydrogen atoms) formed by the combination of fuel protons P1 and catalytic muons M1 (muons M1) onto boron hydride in a target section T1. (Alternatively, MP1 or MP12 can be mixed with boron hydride and blown into the target section for compression.) Then, while the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 are being irradiated and injected into the pressurized boron hydride in the target section T1, the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and boron hydride are pressurized along the injection path or in the vicinity of the target section T1 (and MP1 and boron hydride, or MP12 and boron hydride, can also be mixed by pressure within the gas fluid), forming a mixture MP1-XBH of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride. The mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride MP1-XBH is pressurized and transported to the RAM section (RAM), where it is further pressurized and compressed to become the compressed mixture PMP1-XMB. The mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and MP12 and boron hydride MP1-XBH (compressed mixture PMP1-XMB) compressed in the RAM section increases the temperature during the muon-catalyzed reaction and the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, which leads to the promotion of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction.Furthermore, the mixture MP1-XMB can be pressurized and compressed to a high temperature using a ram section in a ramjet system, and the mixture MP1-XBH of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and MP12 and boron hydride can increase the temperature during the muon-catalyzed reaction and the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, as well as the muon-catalyzed reaction under high-temperature conditions with active molecular and particle movement. In this application, muonic hydrogen atoms are used to increase the temperature during the muon-catalyzed reaction, the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, and the thermal movement of muons, protons, and boron, thereby promoting the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction. <0037> When a single muon (muon beam) is irradiated onto a boron surface, a lithium surface, or the surface of a boron hydride gas or fluid, the muons become negatively charged and repel each other, potentially making it impossible to concentrate or compress them into a single point. Therefore, as shown in Figure 8 of the present application, muons are combined with protons of proton-boron fuel to convert their charge into neutrons, thereby compressing the muons and proton-boron fuel into a single location at a high density, bringing more muons and fuel closer together and promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *Due to the issue of muons' negative charge, muons repel each other electrically, making it difficult to compress them into a single location. However, by combining muons with protons and hydrogen nuclei (which are also fuel in boron-proton nuclear fusion) and electrically neutralizing them as muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 (or MP12), the muons can be compressed without the electrical repulsion. <0038> Lithium hydride has a high melting point and typically exists as a solid or liquid. Lithium hydride is more difficult to convert to a gas than boron hydride. As mentioned above, lithium hydride and solid boron are solids at room temperature and pressure, making them more difficult to mix than boron hydride, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure. It may also be difficult to compress them by pumping them into the ram section. On the other hand, MP1 and MP12, which are believed to be gases, can be mixed with gaseous boron hydride using pressure or other means, and then pressurized and pumped toward the ram section, where they can be further compressed and adiabatically heated. While the known D-T reaction requires a maximum of two muons, lithium and protons require four, and boron requires six muons. This may require compressing and confining the muons, protons, and boron within a limited space.Compared to the known D-T reaction system, the p-11B reaction system studied here may require mixing muons and fusion fuel, confining them in one place, and increasing their density to allow them to react with the fusion fuel. Therefore, this application attempts to induce muon-catalyzed fusion (or muon-assisted fusion) by mixing, compressing, and confining them in one place at high density using the electrically neutral muonic hydrogen atom MP1 and boron hydride. <0040> <Muon-catalyzed fusion in flight> Muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 have a smaller Bohr radius and a lower Coulomb barrier (or are easier to tunnel quantum mechanically) than ordinary hydrogen atoms consisting of protons and electrons, and are therefore expected to fly toward other atoms and more easily undergo fusion (muon-catalyzed fusion in flight) upon collision or close proximity with other atoms. Muonic hydrogen atoms collide with boron at high speed and subsequently generate energetic alpha rays, which heat the boron hydride. The boron hydride then transfers thermal energy to an external steam generator or the like as it passes through a heat exchanger HX. The thermal and kinetic energy are then transferred from the steam generator, which supplies water, to a turbine generator 1PP, which then rotates and operates the steam turbine generator 1PP, generating electricity. In FIG. 8 , muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 or a mixture MP1-XMB of MP1 and boron travel from a source MP1 of the neutral particle beam injector NBI / particle accelerator A1 through a path S1 filled with boron hydride (e.g., B2H6), through a nozzle NZ, and toward a target T1 / RAM RAM. During this process, the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 may react with the boron hydride on the path S1. *When MP1 is incident on the surface of solid boron, molten boron, or solid or liquid lithium hydride, it is expected that a nuclear fusion reaction will occur on that surface, generating energy. As an example of this application, it may be possible to promote muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion when solid or liquid boron or lithium hydride is used as the target T1. (However, it may not be possible to promote nuclear fusion by compressing a mixture, fluid, or gas MP1-XMB of MP1 / MP12 and boron hydride, as shown in Figure 8 and above, to a high density and high temperature.)) <0042> Symbols etc. <Figure 8> 1F-SYS-MP1, 1F-SYS-MP1-RAM: Nuclear fusion system using a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and fuel Muonic hydrogen atoms MP1: AMP1: Muonic hydrogen atom generation and irradiation unit (particle accelerator A1, neutral particle beam irradiation device NBI, etc., which can generate MP1 and MP12 and inject / inject them.) S1: Path S1 (including a mixture of MP1 and boron hydride) MP1-XMB: A mixture of MP1 and boron hydride / diborane. Or a mixture of hydrogen and boron / (carbon / ) nitrogen / oxygen / fluorine, etc. Or a portion / mixture portion containing a compound in which the raw atomic nuclei with the first atomic number ZA and the raw atomic nuclei with the second atomic number ZAA required for nuclear fusion are chemically bonded. PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as a RAM unit. Inertial confinement fusion is known, in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM unit is laser confinement or inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or short wavelength on the gamma ray side to maximize the photon momentum). In this application, the target portion and mixture may also be compressed by a laser in the compression RAM unit. (A muon injection process may be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM unit may irradiate a laser, ion beam, or ion beam containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so that they converge on the portion containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (Inertial types such as Z-pinch and magnetized target types may also be used, capable of compressing raw material atoms and trapping them by inertia.)) In the RAM section, using a laser or ramjet mechanism, the raw material atoms that serve as the fuel necessary for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, are compressed and heated by a laser or other device while being irradiated with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic movement within the compound molecules or of the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to cause nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts are released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, then captured, and this is repeated, making it easier to cause the next catalytic reaction. (Even if muons are irradiated onto cryogenically cooled liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part that has been compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) NZ: Nozzle section 1 PP: Steam turbine generator HX: Heat exchanger, steam generation section, steam pipe, cooling pipe 1 BKT: A section / blanket may be present that receives flying particles that have energy due to nuclear fusion reactions, such as neutrons and gamma rays, and converts them into thermal energy, etc., for use. If there is a RAM or reaction vessel section, a vessel section RAM where the FEED is packed and rammed, or a wall of the reaction vessel near the section where the nuclear reaction occurs, a blanket 1 BKT may be placed in the RAM section or within the vessel wall. AEC: Alpha ray energy conversion device (a device that receives alpha rays and converts them into electricity. The AEC may use alpha rays from titanium oxide or other materials to generate radicals, which decompose water (like in a photocatalytic reaction) to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and then provide or output energy to the outside of the system in the form of hydrogen / chemical energy. *The AEC may be an alpha-voltaic cell. *The AEC part may receive the energy of alpha rays and generate photons of synchrotron radiation (of bremsstrahlung). The energy of the photons of this radiation may be used to cause chemical substances to undergo chemical or photochemical reactions. The photons may be irradiated onto the area to be heated to manufacture substances, or to heat or spray propellants or steam.The wavelength of the photons of the radiation light may be converted to long-wavelength photons using a means for converting the wavelength to a long-wavelength side, and the long-wavelength photons may be received by a photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrically converted to obtain electricity, which may then be output to the outside of the system. Alternatively, if the long-wavelength photons have energy that can undergo a photocatalytic reaction with a photocatalyst, they may be converted into hydrogen energy by causing a photocatalytic reaction that produces hydrogen and oxygen from water. If the long-wavelength photons have a wavelength that can dissociate the bonds within carbon dioxide and nitrogen molecules and cause a photochemical reaction, the carbon dioxide may be dissociated and converted into energy for chemical substances such as carbon, carbon compounds, and nitrogen compounds, which may then be output to the outside of the system. <0043> <Item 1> Nuclear fusion fuel is made of protons (P1) and boron (B1) ) and the atoms / particles generated after the fusion fuel is fused by a muon catalyzed fusion reaction or a muon-assisted fusion reaction using a muon are helium-alpha rays, and the fusion fuel uses boron hydride, and the muon catalyzed fusion system is characterized in that muonic hydrogen atoms, which are formed by combining a muon (M1) and a proton (P1) and being electrically neutralized, are input / injected into the boron hydride to form a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride (MP1-XMB), and the muonic hydrogen atoms are irradiated by a muonic hydrogen atom irradiation means (NBI). A muon catalyzed fusion system characterized by injecting and injecting black hydrogen atoms into the boron hydride, wherein the mixture (MP1-XMB) is pressurized by a first pressurizing means (PUMP), and the mixture (MP1-XMB) is mixed by the first pressurizing means (PUMP), and the mixture (MP1-XMB) is compressed by a second pressurizing means (PUMP) to a pressure higher than the pressure applied by the first pressurizing means (becoming a compressed mixture PMP1-XMB) and heated (Figure 8, 1SYS-MP1). <Item 2> The muon catalyzed fusion system according to Item 1, characterized by the second pressurizing means being performed in a compression section using a ram section (RAM) of a ramjet (Figure 8, 1SYS-MP1-RAM).<0044> <<Addendum based on application claiming priority>> The following item has been added to the previous applications, Patent Application Nos. 2023-150635, 2023-151787, and 2023-174791. <<<Examples of Systems with Decreasing Atomic Number Z>>> In addition to systems using...

Claims

1. A muon particle deceleration system having a feature capable of decelerating tauon / muon particles, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle acceleration unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle collision unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays, or cosmic ray muon particles, using a decelerator, wherein the muon deceleration system has a feature capable of decelerating the muon particles using a laser wakefield.

2. A muon particle deceleration system having a feature capable of decelerating tauon / muon particles, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle acceleration unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle collision unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays, or cosmic ray muon particles, using a decelerator, the muon particle deceleration system having a feature capable of decelerating the muon particles using an insulator material or dielectric material or material, or a dielectric material or insulator material or material containing raw material atoms to which muons are to be bound in muon nuclear transmutation.

3. A muon particle deceleration system having the feature of being capable of decelerating tauon / muon particles, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle acceleration unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle collision unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays, or cosmic ray muon particles, using a decelerator, wherein the muon deceleration system has the feature of being capable of decelerating the muon particles using a capacitor, a stacked capacitor, an electrode, or an electrified unit, or an electric field generating device.

4. A muon particle deceleration system having the characteristic of being capable of decelerating tauon / muon particles, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle acceleration unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle collision unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays, or cosmic ray muon particles, using a decelerator, wherein the muon particle deceleration system has the characteristic of being capable of decelerating tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays or cosmic ray muon particles using a decelerator, the muon particle deceleration system having the characteristic of being capable of decelerating the muon particles using a laser wakefield generated using a laser or a pulsed laser.

5. A muon particle deceleration system having the feature of being able to decelerate tauon / muon particles, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle acceleration unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using a particle collision unit, or tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays, or cosmic ray muon particles, using a decelerator, wherein the muon particle deceleration system has the feature of being able to decelerate tauon / muon particles generated using cosmic rays or cosmic ray muon particles using a decelerator, the muon particle deceleration system having the feature of being able to decelerate the muon particles using an insulator material or dielectric material or material, or a dielectric material or insulator material or material containing raw material atoms to which muons are to be bound in muon nuclear transmutation, or a capacitor or a stacked capacitor.

6. A nuclear transmutation system for performing muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation, capable of injecting or bonding the muons slowed down by the muon slowing down system according to claim 1 into or with source atoms to be transmuted. *Claim 3, Claim 4, Claim 5 7. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 6 is a nuclear transmutation system having a magnet, electromagnet, coil, or magnetic field generating means, and characterized in that the orbit of the muon can be changed by the magnetic field, or characterized in that the muon can be placed and confined in a magnetic vessel. *Claim 3, Claim 4, Claim 5 8. A nuclear transmutation system for performing muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation capable of binding the muons slowed down by the muon slowing down system according to claim 1 to source atoms to be transmuted, the nuclear transmutation system having a step of transmuting the muons into atoms having a smaller effective nuclear charge or atomic number than the source atoms to be transmuted.

9. A nuclear transmutation system for performing muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation, capable of injecting or binding the muons slowed down by the muon slowing down system according to claim 1 into or with source atoms contained in a material containing lithium, beryllium, boron, or carbon, or an activated muon target material, or a radioactive waste material.

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