Methods and systems for aqueous flooding enhanced hydrocarbon recovery
By employing surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate in aqueous flooding for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, the method addresses the challenge of maintaining optimal interfacial tension, facilitating efficient hydrocarbon mobilization and production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/122699
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing enhanced hydrocarbon recovery methods face challenges in maintaining optimal interfacial tension levels during aqueous flooding, which can lead to unstable emulsions and reduced hydrocarbon production.
The use of surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, in aqueous fluids introduced into hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs, which initially lower interfacial tension to facilitate hydrocarbon mobilization and then degrade to increase interfacial tension, preventing emulsion formation and enhancing production.
This approach allows for efficient initial mobilization of hydrocarbons with low interfacial tension, followed by stable production as interfacial tension increases, thereby optimizing hydrocarbon recovery and avoiding production impediments.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023122699_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR AQUEOUS FLOODING ENHANCED HYDROCARBON RECOVERY
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery and, more particularly, to methods and systems for aqueous flooding enhanced hydrocarbon recovery using surfactants.
[0003] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery (e.g., enhanced oil recovery, EOR) refers to methods and systems that inject fluids through an injection well to a downhole location to encourage the release of hydrocarbons within a subterranean reservoir and mobilization of the hydrocarbons toward a production well. The injected fluids may promote the release and mobilization of hydrocarbons through a variety of mechanisms including oil swelling, viscosity reduction, wettability alteration, and interfacial tension reduction. Any combination of gas interactions, thermal modifications, or chemical modifications may be employed. The foregoing is typically referred to as the tertiary phase of hydrocarbon production since one or more chemical or physical interactions within the subterranean formation are modified by the injected fluid to promote production. Due to high operating costs, the tertiary phase of hydrocarbon production is usually employed after initial production resulting from native reservoir pressurization (primary production) or induced reservoir pressurization (secondary production) has been exhausted.
[0005] Aspects of enhanced hydrocarbon recovery may involve aqueous flooding operations. Aqueous flooding operations refer to the introduction of an aqueous fluid (e.g., water, an aqueous salt solution, an aqueous polymer solution, an aqueous surfactant solution, or aqueous fluids containing other dissolved or suspended components, such as dissolved gases) into a subterranean reservoir via an injection well. The aqueous flooding fluid fills at least a portion of the subterranean reservoir and encourages the mobilization of hydrocarbons toward a production well. The interfacial tension between the aqueous flooding fluid and the hydrocarbons may be reduced in order to facilitate the foregoing. Aqueous flooding may be convenient due to the wide availability of aqueous fluids such as, for example, water or brine, and various components that may promote the reduction of the interfacial tension between the aqueous and hydrocarbon phases.
[0006] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0007] Various details of the present disclosure are hereinafter summarized to provide a basic understanding. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and is neither intended to identify certain elements of the disclosure, nor to delineate the scope thereof. Rather, the primary purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form prior to the more detailed description that is presented hereinafter.
[0008] According to an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure, methods may comprise: introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well; wherein the aqueous fluid comprises a surfactant and a brine; wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; and after a period of time, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well; wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0009] In another embodiment, methods may comprise: introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well, the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir being at a temperature of about 85℃ to about 120℃; wherein the aqueous fluid comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and a brine; wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; and after a period of time of about 40 days to about 180 days, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well; wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0010] Any combinations of the various embodiments and implementations disclosed herein can be used in a further embodiment, consistent with the disclosure. These and other aspects and features can be appreciated from the following description of certain embodiments presented herein in accordance with the disclosure and the accompanying drawings and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a non-limiting system for introducing an aqueous fluid at an injection well site according to the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a graph of the time-dependent interfacial tensions of a comparative aqueous fluid and an experimental aqueous fluid according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a graph of the HPLC spectra of fresh sodium dodecyl sulfate and aged sodium dodecyl sulfate.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure generally relate to methods and systems for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery and, more particularly, to methods and systems for aqueous flooding enhanced hydrocarbon recovery using surfactants. Surfactants are widely used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery techniques, specifically aqueous flooding operations. The microemulsions created by the surfactants are helpful to mobilize hydrocarbons in the formations from the injector side. Low interfacial tension is a necessary factor for the emulsions of trapped hydrocarbons to be mobilized. Resultantly, the chemicals injected during enhanced hydrocarbon recovery must have low interfacial tension with the hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
[0015] However, once the trapped hydrocarbons are mobilized to form an oil bank in the reservoir, low interfacial tension is no longer required for hydrocarbon mobilization. Indeed, low interfacial tension may in fact facilitate the formation of emulsions that impede hydrocarbon production. Stable emulsions, particularly microemulsions, may result in severe problems in production wells and should be avoided in the aqueous flooding process.
[0016] The present disclosure addresses the aforementioned challenges in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery techniques. The aqueous flooding methods disclosed herein employ surfactants that may have a limited period of stability. These surfactants initially allow the efficient mobilization of hydrocarbons, but consequently lose surface activity by degradation before the emulsified hydrocarbons are produced, thereby allowing the formation of the emulsion phase in the aqueous flooding process to be controlled.
[0017] In or more embodiments, methods may comprise introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well, wherein the aqueous fluid comprises a surfactant and a brine and wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m. After a period of time, the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid may be extracted from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well, wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0018] Further, methods may comprise introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well, the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir being at a temperature of about 85℃ to about 120℃, wherein the aqueous fluid comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and a brine and wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m. After about 40 days to about 180 days, the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid may be extracted from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well, wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0019] Generally, interfacial tension represents the amount of work that must be expended in order to increase the size of the interface between two adjacent phases that do not mix completely with one another. The main forces involved in interfacial tension are adhesive forces (tension) between the liquid phase of one substance and either a solid, liquid, or gas phase of another substance. A lesser interfacial tension value signifies decreased interfacial tension between the two adjacent phases, which is a desirable property as it correlates to increased oil recovery, while a greater interfacial tension value signifies increased interfacial tension between two adjacent phases. The aqueous fluid according to the present embodiments has decreased interfacial tension under downhole conditions. Consequently, the introduction of the aqueous fluid into the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir may initially lower the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid. For example, the interfacial tension after the introduction of the aqueous fluid into the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir may be about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m, or about 0.01 mN / m to about 1 mN / m, or about 0.01 mN / m to about 0.1 mN / m, or about 0.1 mN / m to about 5 mN / m, or about 0.1 mN / m to about 1 mN / m, or about 1 mN / m to about 5 mN / m.
[0020] To adequately reduce the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and hydrocarbon fluid, the surfactant must be able to temporarily withstand the downhole conditions of the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir. For example, the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir may have a temperature of about 85℃ to about 120℃, or about 85℃ to about 110℃, or about 85℃ to about 95℃, or about 95℃ to about 120℃, or about 95℃ to about 110℃, or about 110℃ to about 120℃.
[0021] In one or more embodiments, the surfactant in the aqueous fluid may comprise a sulfate. Sulfate-based surfactants present unique properties that may be desirable in aqueous flooding operations. Such surfactants, initially, have excellent emulsification with hydrocarbons but, after a period of time, may lose their emulsification capacity by mechanisms such as chemical decomposition or degradation. Sulfate-based surfactants may comprise C12-C16 alkyl sulfates, C12-C16 alkoxylated alkyl sulfates, or any combination thereof. Example C12- C16 alkyl sulfates may include, but are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, the like, and any combination thereof. Example C12-C16 alkoxylated alkyl sulfates include, but are not limited to, ammonium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, the like, and any combination thereof. Preferably, the surfactant may be sodium lauryl sulfate.
[0022] A concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous fluid should be within a range that enables the surfactant to temporarily lower the interfacial tension in the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir. For example, the surfactant may have a concentration in the aqueous fluid of about 500 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 500 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.
[0023] After a period of time, the surfactant may lose its emulsification capacity, thus increasing the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and hydrocarbon fluid. For example, the period of time may be about 40 days to about 180 days, or about 40 days to about 120 days, or about 40 days to about 80 days, or about 40 days to about 60 days, or about 60 days to about 180 days, or about 60 days to about 120 days, or about 60 days to about 80 days, or about 80 days to about 180 days, or about 80 days to about 120 days, or about 120 days to about 180 days.
[0024] Once the surfactant has lost its emulsification capacity, the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid may increase. For example, the interfacial tension may increase to about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m, or about 5 mN / m to about 12.5 mN / m, or about 5 mN / m to about 10 mN / m, or about 5 mN / m to about 7.5 mN / m, or about 7.5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m, or about 7.5 mN / m to about 12.5 mN / m, or about 7.5 mN / m to about 10 mN / m, or about 10 mN / m to about 15 mN / m, or about 10 mN / m to about 12.5 mN / m, or about 12.5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0025] Based on various surface properties, surfactant molecules may adsorb droplets of the hydrocarbon fluid by inserting the hydrophobic group into the aqueous fluid and placing the hydrophilic group in the water phase. Therefore, the fluid disperses in the water and forms a stable emulsion. The surfactant may be combined with at least a brine to form the aqueous fluid. The brine solution, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, may comprise a concentration of inorganic salts dissolved in water. The brine solution may include either naturally occurring brines (e.g., seawater) or synthetic brines. In some embodiments, the brine solution comprises one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal halides, such as ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and any combination thereof. Non-limiting specific examples of suitable alkali or alkaline earth metal halide compounds include calcium chloride, calcium bromide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, and any combination thereof. Furthermore, the brine may comprise anions including chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, or any combination thereof.
[0026] For example, the brine may have a concentration of sodium ions of about 18,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 18,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, or about 40,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm. A concentration of calcium ions in the brine may, for example, be about 500 ppm to about 20,000 ppm, or about 500 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, or about 10,000 ppm to about 20,000 ppm. A concentration of magnesium ions in the brine may, for example, be about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 2, 500 ppm, or about 2, 500 ppm to about 5,000 ppm. A concentration of chloride ions in the brine may, for example, be about 30,000 ppm to about 135,000 ppm, or about 30,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 30,000 ppm to about 60,000 ppm, or about 60,000 ppm to about 135,000 ppm, or about 60,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 100,000 ppm to about 135,000 ppm. A concentration of bicarbonate ions in the brine may, for example, be about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, or about 500 ppm to about 1,000 ppm. A concentration of sulfate ions in the brine may, for example, be about 100 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 100 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0027] In one or more embodiments, the brine may, for example, have a salinity of about 57,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm, or about 57,000 ppm to about 150,000 ppm, or about 57,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, or about 100,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm, or about 100,000 ppm to about 150,000 ppm, or about 150,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm. Additionally, the brine may, for example, have a hardness of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, or about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 2,000 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, or about 3,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, or about 3,000 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, or about 4,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0028] The hydrocarbon fluids used in the methods of the present disclosure include any suitable oil or natural gas that may exist in a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir of a subterranean formation. For example, the hydrocarbon fluid may comprise a Saudi Arabian light oil.
[0029] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a non-limiting system for introducing an aqueous fluid at an injection well site according to the present disclosure. As shown, well system 100 includes injection well 102 and production well 104, each penetrating subterranean formation 110 by wellbores 102a and 104a, respectively. An aqueous fluid housed in tank 120 may be introduced to injection well 102 via fluid conduit 122 to deliver the aqueous fluid to hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir 130 of subterranean formation 110. After the period of time, hydrocarbons located within the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir 130 are mobilized toward wellbore 104a and are subsequently produced from production well 104.
[0030] The aqueous fluid may be introduced to hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir 130 via wellbore 102a under the assistance of a pump or by gravity. The pump may comprise a single pump or multiple pumps. Given the benefit of the present disclosure, one having ordinary skill in the art will be able to select an appropriate pump or combination of pumps to perform a given aqueous flood operation.
[0031] It should be noted that additional non-limiting components may be present in wellbore system 100 to promote the introduction of an aqueous fluid to hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir 130 and / or to promote the production of hydrocarbons therefrom. Such additional components will be familiar to one having ordinary skill in the art and may include, but are not limited to, supply hoppers, valves, condensers, adapters, joints, gauges, sensors, compressors, pressure controllers, pressure sensors, flow rate controllers, flow rate sensors, temperature sensors, the like, and any combination thereof.
[0032] Embodiments disclosed herein include:
[0033] A. Methods for aqueous flooding enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. The methods comprise: introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well; wherein the aqueous fluid comprises a surfactant and a brine; wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; and after a period of time, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well; wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0034] B. Methods for aqueous flooding enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. The methods comprise: introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well, the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir being at a temperature of about 85℃ to about 120℃; wherein the aqueous fluid comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and a brine; wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; and after a period of time of about 40 days to about 180 days, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well; wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0035] Each of embodiments A and B may have one or more of the following additional elements in any combination:
[0036] Element 1: wherein the surfactant comprises a sulfate.
[0037] Element 2: wherein the sulfate comprises a C12-C16 alkyl sulfate, a C12-C16 alkoxylated alkyl sulfate, or a combination thereof.
[0038] Element 3: wherein the C12-C16 alkyl sulfate comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.
[0039] Element 4: wherein the period of time is about 40 days to about 180 days.
[0040] Element 5: wherein a temperature in the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir is about 85℃ to about 120℃.
[0041] Element 6: wherein a concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous fluid is about 500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.
[0042] Element 7: wherein the brine has a salinity of about 57,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm.
[0043] Element 8: wherein the brine has a hardness of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0044] Element 9: wherein the brine comprises seawater.
[0045] Element 10: wherein the brine comprises ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, or any combination thereof.
[0046] Element 11: wherein the hydrocarbon fluid comprises Saudi Arabian light oil.
[0047] By way of non-limiting example, exemplary combinations applicable to A and B include, but are not limited to: 1 and 2; 1 and 3; 1 and 4; 1 and 5; 1 and 6; 1 and 7; 1 and 8; 1 and 9; 1 and 10; 1 and 11; 2 and 3; 4 and 5; 4 and 6; 4 and 7; 4 and 8; 4 and 9; 4 and 10; 4 and 11; 5 and 6; 5 and 7; 5 and 8; 5 and 9; 5 and 10; 5 and 11; 6 and 7; 6 and 8; 6 and 9; 6 and 10; 6 and 11; 7 and 8; 7 and 9; 7 and 10; 7 and 11; 8 and 9; 8 and 10; 8 and 11; 9 and 10; 9 and 11; 10 and 11; 1-3; 4-7; 4-8; 4-9; 4-10; 4-11; and 7-10.
[0048] The present disclosure is further directed to the following non-limiting clauses: Clause 1. A method comprising:
[0049] introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well;
[0050] wherein the aqueous fluid comprises a surfactant and a brine;
[0051] wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; and
[0052] after a period of time, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well;
[0053] wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0054] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the surfactant comprises a sulfate.
[0055] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein the sulfate comprises a C12-C16 alkyl sulfate, a C12-C16 alkoxylated alkyl sulfate, or a combination thereof.
[0056] Clause 4. The method of clause 3, wherein the C12-C16 alkyl sulfate comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.
[0057] Clause 5. The method of any one of clauses 1-4, wherein the period of time is about 40 days to about 180 days.
[0058] Clause 6. The method of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein a temperature in the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir is about 85℃ to about 120℃.
[0059] Clause 7. The method of any one of clauses 1-6, wherein a concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous fluid is about 500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.
[0060] Clause 8. The method of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the brine has a salinity of about 57,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm.
[0061] Clause 9. The method of any one of clauses 1-8, wherein the brine has a hardness of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0062] Clause 10. The method of any one of clauses 1-9, wherein the brine comprises seawater.
[0063] Clause 11. The method of any one of clauses 1-10, wherein the brine comprises ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, or any combination thereof.
[0064] Clause 12. The method of any one of clauses 1-11, wherein the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a Saudi Arabian light oil.
[0065] Clause 13. A method comprising:
[0066] introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well, the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir being at a temperature of about 85℃ to about 120℃;
[0067] wherein the aqueous fluid comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and a brine;
[0068] wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; and
[0069] after a period of time of about 40 days to about 180 days, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well;
[0070] wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.
[0071] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, wherein a concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous fluid is about 500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.
[0072] Clause 15. The method of clause 13 or clause 14, wherein the brine has a salinity of about 57,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm.
[0073] Clause 16. The method of any one of clauses 13-15, wherein the brine has a hardness of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0074] Clause 17. The method of any one of clauses 13-16, wherein the brine comprises seawater.
[0075] Clause 18. The method of any one of clauses 13-17, wherein the brine comprises ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, or any combination thereof.
[0076] Clause 19. The method of any one of clauses 13-18, wherein the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a Saudi Arabian light oil.
[0077] Examples
[0078] Aqueous fluids comprising either sodium dodecyl sulfonate (comparative) or sodium lauryl sulfate (experimental) at 0.2 wt%in a 1 M sodium chloride solution were compared to observe the surfactants’ differences in interfacial tension with Saudi Arabian light oil at 95℃ (ρ = 0.8153 g / cm3, η = 0.69 cp, 40.57 wt%saturates, 51.39 wt%aromatics, 5.55 wt%resins, 2.09 wt%asphaltenes, 0.13%acid number) . FIG. 2 is a graph of the time-dependent interfacial tensions of the comparative aqueous fluid and experimental aqueous fluid. The time-dependent interfacial tensions were measured using a spinning drop tensiometer at 5,000 rpm. The comparative aqueous fluid showed stability in interfacial tension for about 150 days at 95℃. The interfacial tension of the comparative fluid ranged from about 0.9 mN / m to about 1.0 mN / m, indicating the retention of surface activities. As a result, the emulsification of the comparative aqueous fluid and the Saudi Arabian light oil remained stable for a long period of time. Conversely, the experimental aqueous fluid showed interfacial stability for only about 40 days at 95℃. After that time, the interfacial tension increased from about 0.8 mN / m to 10 mN / m, indicating a loss of surface activity. Therefore, the emulsification of the experimental aqueous fluid and the Saudi Arabian light oil was only temporarily stable.
[0079] Fresh and aged sodium lauryl sulfate samples were characterized by HPLC. A gradient-programmable Shimadzu, Corp. LC-20A HPLC system was coupled with an ACCLAIMTM surfactant column (25 cm × 4.6 cm × 5 μm) and an evaporative light scattering detector. The organic mobile phase was 100%acetonitrile and the water mobile phase was 5 vol%acetonitrile in water with 100 mM ammonium acetate. The temperature of the evaporated light scattering detector was set to 45℃ and the amplifier was set to 6, with N2 at 350 kPa. The fresh and 36-day-aged sodium lauryl sulfate samples were heated to 60℃ and diluted 1: 1 with methanol to prevent precipitation during the analysis. The sample injection volume was 10 μL. FIG. 3 is a graph of the HPLC spectra of fresh sodium dodecyl sulfate and aged sodium dodecyl sulfate. The spectra confirm the decomposition of the sodium lauryl sulfate molecules after 36 days of aging.
[0080] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, for example, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “contains” , “containing” , “includes” , “including, ” “comprises” , and / or “comprising, ” and variations thereof, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0081] Terms of orientation used herein are merely for purposes of convention and referencing and are not to be construed as limiting. However, it is recognized these terms could be used with reference to an operator or user. Accordingly, no limitations are implied or to be inferred. In addition, the use of ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third, etc. ) is for distinction and not counting. For example, the use of “third” does not imply there must be a corresponding “first” or “second. ” Also, if used herein, the terms “coupled” or “coupled to” or “connected” or “connected to” or “attached” or “attached to” may indicate establishing either a direct or indirect connection, and is not limited to either unless expressly referenced as such.
[0082] While the disclosure has described several exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made, and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated by those skilled in the art to adapt a particular instrument, situation, or material to embodiments of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, or to the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.
[0083] While the present disclosure has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments may be devised which do not depart from the scope of the disclosure as described herein. Accordingly, the scope of the disclosure should be limited only by the attached claims.
[0084] All documents described herein are incorporated by reference herein for purposes of all jurisdictions where such practice is allowed, including any priority documents and / or testing procedures to the extent they are not inconsistent with this text. As is apparent from the foregoing general description and the specific embodiments, while forms of the disclosure have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereby. For example, the compositions described herein may be free of any component, or composition not expressly recited or disclosed herein. Any method may lack any step not recited or disclosed herein. Likewise, the term “comprising” is considered synonymous with the term “including. ” Whenever a method, composition, element or group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising, ” it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of, ” “consisting of, ” “selected from the group of consisting of, ” or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element, or elements and vice versa.
[0085] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the present specification and associated claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about. ” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by one or more embodiments described herein. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claim, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Claims
1.A method comprising:introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well;wherein the aqueous fluid comprises a surfactant and a brine;wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; andafter a period of time, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well;wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant comprises a sulfate.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the sulfate comprises a C12-C16 alkyl sulfate, a C12-C16 alkoxylated alkyl sulfate, or a combination thereof.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the C12-C16 alkyl sulfate comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time is about 40 days to about 180 days.6.The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature in the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir is about 85℃ to about 120℃.7.The method of claim 1, wherein a concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous fluid is about 500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the brine has a salinity of about 57,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the brine has a hardness of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the brine comprises seawater.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the brine comprises ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, or any combination thereof.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a Saudi Arabian light oil.13.A method comprising:introducing an aqueous fluid into a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at an injection well, the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir being at a temperature of about 85℃ to about 120℃;wherein the aqueous fluid comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and a brine;wherein an interfacial tension at a liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and a hydrocarbon fluid is about 0.01 mN / m to about 5 mN / m; andafter a period of time of about 40 days to about 180 days, extracting the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid from the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir at a production well;wherein the interfacial tension at the liquid-liquid interface of the aqueous fluid and the hydrocarbon fluid, after the period of time, is about 5 mN / m to about 15 mN / m.14.The method of claim 13, wherein a concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous fluid is about 500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.15.The method of claim 13, wherein the brine has a salinity of about 57,000 ppm to about 213,000 ppm.16.The method of claim 13, wherein the brine has a hardness of about 1,000 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.17.The method of claim 13, wherein the brine comprises seawater.18.The method of claim 13, wherein the brine comprises ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, or any combination thereof.19.The method of claim 13, wherein the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a Saudi Arabian light oil.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Surfactant-less alkaline-polymer formulations for recovering reactive crude oil
CN102939354A
Gemini surfactant, preparation method thereof, and application thereof in tertiary oil recovery
CN103173197A
In-situ self diverting wag process
CN104245879A
Pressure reducing and injection increasing surfactant compound combination and preparing method and application thereof
CN105154051A
Vesicle oil displacement agent formed with anionic surfactant compounded system and application of vesicle oil displacement agent
CN109233781A