Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a control unit that performs measurement of Layer 1 (L1) and / or Layer 3 (L3), and calculates a predicted value of L1 and / or L3; and a transmission unit that, when an event based on at least one of a result of the measurement and the predicted value occurs, performs transmission of at least one of the result of the measurement and the predicted value of L1 and / or L3 and transmission of information related to cell switching. Said one aspect of the present disclosure makes it possible to appropriately perform at least one of a report on the L1 / L3 and the cell switching.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), the use of L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) defined in Rel. 18 when a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) moves between cells is being considered. If the LTM of Rel. 18 is applied, the interruption time of cell switching can be shortened.

[0006] Additionally, beam prediction (prediction of L1 / L3 measurement values) using artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) is also being considered.

[0007] However, it is not clear how to perform event-triggered reporting using measured / predicted values ​​of L1 / L3 or how to perform cell switching. If L1 / L3 reporting or cell switching cannot be performed appropriately, communication throughput may decrease.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately perform at least one of L1 / L3 reporting and cell switching.

[0009] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by having a control unit that performs measurements of at least one of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) and calculates predicted values ​​of at least one of L1 and L3, and a transmission unit that, when an event based on the results of the measurements and at least one of the predicted values ​​occurs, transmits the results of the measurements of at least one of L1 and L3 and the predicted values, and transmits information regarding a cell switch.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, at least one of L1 / L3 reporting and cell switching can be appropriately performed.

[0011] Figure 1A is a diagram showing an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. Figure 1B is a diagram showing an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a comparison between L3 handover and LTM in Rel. 18. Figure 3 is a flowchart showing an example of processing for option 3 of the first embodiment. Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of time offset. Figure 5 is a flowchart showing an example of processing for option 4 of the first embodiment. Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0012] (AI-Based Beam Reporting) As use cases for utilizing an AI model, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction or temporal DL beam prediction, or frequency domain DL beam prediction using a one-sided AI model in a UE or a NW are being considered. Such beam prediction methods may be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (BM), etc.

[0013] For example, the UE may measure a spatially sparse (or thick) beam, input the measurement results into an AI model, and output a predicted result of the beam quality of a spatially dense (or thin) beam.

[0014] For example, the UE may measure a time series of beams, input the measurement results into an AI model, and output a predicted result of the beam quality of future beams.

[0015] Note that the spatial domain DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 1, and the temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 2. Furthermore, the temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as, for example, time domain CSI prediction.

[0016] Furthermore, the beams associated with the output (prediction result) of the AI ​​model may be referred to as beam set A. The beams associated with the input of the AI ​​model may be referred to as beam set B.

[0017] In this disclosure, set A may correspond to a beam selected from predicted beams. The resources for set A may be referred to as resources for beam prediction, resources for beam reporting, resources included in a CSI report, set A, resources of set A, second (or first) set, second (or first) resources, etc.

[0018] In this disclosure, set B may correspond to a beam whose measurement results are used as input (to the AI ​​model / function for prediction). Resources for set B may be referred to as resources for beam measurements, resources for beam prediction input, set B, resources of set B, first (or second) set, resources of first (or second) set, etc.

[0019] Candidates for input to the AI ​​model for BM Case 1 / 2 include L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), assistance information (e.g., beam shape information, UE position / direction information, transmit beam usage information), channel impulse response (CIR) information, and corresponding DL transmit / receive beam IDs.

[0020] Possible outputs of the AI ​​model for BM Case 1 include the IDs of the top K (K is an integer) transmit / receive beams, the predicted L1-RSRP of these beams, the probability that each beam will be in the top K, and the angles of these beams.

[0021] In addition to the candidate outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 1, the candidate outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 2 include predicted beam obstructions.

[0022] (L1 / L2 Inter-Cell Mobility) It is being considered that a UE performs UL transmission to one or more cells / TRPs. The following scenario 1 or scenario 2 can be considered as a procedure in this case. In the present disclosure, the term "serving cell" may be replaced with the TRP in the serving cell. The terms "layer 1 / layer 2" (L1 / L2) and "DCI / Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE)" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, a physical cell identity (PCI) different from the physical cell identity (PCI) of the current serving cell may be simply referred to as a "different PCI." The terms "non-serving cell," "cell with a different PCI," and "additional cell" may be interchangeable.

[0023] <Scenario 1> Scenario 1 corresponds to, for example, multi-TRP inter-cell mobility, but may be a scenario that does not correspond to multi-TRP inter-cell mobility.

[0024] In Scenario 1, when a UE transmits or receives signals to or from an additional cell / TRP (a TRP corresponding to the PCI of the additional cell), the serving cell (the serving cell assumed by the UE) is not changed. The UE is configured with higher layer parameters related to the PCI of non-serving cells from the serving cell. Scenario 1 is applied, for example, in Rel. 17.

[0025] Figure 1A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. Assume that a UE moves from a cell with PCI #1 (serving cell) to a cell with PCI #3 (additional cell) (which overlaps with the serving cell). In this case, in Rel. 17, the serving cell is not switched via L1 / L2. The additional cell is a cell with a PCI (additional PCI) different from the PCI of the serving cell. The UE can receive / transmit UE-specific (dedicated) channels from the additional cell. The UE must be within the coverage of the serving cell to receive UE common channels (e.g., system information / paging / short messages).

[0026] <Scenario 2> In scenario 2, L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility is applied. With L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility, the serving cell can be changed using functions such as beam control without RRC reconfiguration. Conventionally, handover requires RRC reconnection, which creates a period when data communication is unavailable. However, by applying L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility, data communication can be continued even when the serving cell is changed. In scenario 2, the serving cell (assumed to be the serving cell for the UE) is updated by L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 2 may be applied in Rel. 18.

[0027] Figure 1B shows an example of UE mobility in Rel. 18. In Rel. 18, the serving cell is switched via L1 / L2. The UE can receive / transmit UE-specific channels / common channels to / from the new serving cell (target serving cell). The UE may move out of the coverage of the previous serving cell.

[0028] <Reducing interruption time> In Rel. 18 L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility (e.g., the above-mentioned scenario 2), the UE can reduce the time without data transmission (interruption time). Note that L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be interpreted as L1L2 triggered mobility (LTM). When Rel. 18 LTM is applied, the time without data transmission (interruption time) can be reduced compared to a method of handover based on L3 measurement results (L3 handover). Specific processes for each method are described below.

[0029] Figure 2 shows an example of a comparison between L3 handover and Rel. 18 LTM. In the case of L3 handover, the UE first performs L3 measurements and decides to perform a handover based on the measurement results. Then, the UE and the current serving cell perform RRC reconfiguration. The UE then performs DL and UL synchronization with the target serving cell. The UE performs L1 measurements / reports for the target serving cell, receives beam instructions, and then transmits the first UL data to the target serving cell. In this case, the UE does not transmit UL data during the period from the handover decision to the first UL data transmission (interruption time).

[0030] In the Rel. 18 LTM case, the UE first performs L3 measurements. Then, the UE, the current serving cell, and the target serving cell perform RRC reconfiguration. Then, the UE establishes DL synchronization with the target serving cell. Then, the UE performs L1 measurements / reports to the current serving cell and the target serving cell to establish UL synchronization. Then, the current serving cell sends a cell switch command (including beam indication) to the UE using L1L2 (DCI / MAC CE). Then, the UE transmits the first UL data to the target serving cell. In this case, the period from receiving the cell switch command to transmitting the first UL data is the UL transmission interruption time, but the interruption time is shorter than in the case of L3 handover.

[0031] (Events for L3 Measurement / Reporting) Some of the events for Radio Resource Management (RRM) reporting (L3 measurement / reporting) in Rel. 17 will be described below.

[0032] In addition, in Events A1 to A6, B1, and B2, the measurement result may be at least one measurement result of RSRP (L1-RSRP / L3-RSRP), RSRQ, and SINR (RS-SINR). In the conditions of Events A1 to A6, B1, and B2, "bad" may mean "low" and "good" may mean "high." In the conditions of Events A1 to A6, B1, and B2, SpCell means a special cell and may mean at least one of a Primary Cell (PCell) and a Primary Secondary Cell (PSCell). Each threshold may be the same or different.

[0033] Event A1: Event A1 indicates that the serving condition becomes better than a threshold. Specifically, the UE considers the entry condition of this event to be met when the following condition A1-1 is met, and the departure condition of this event to be met when the following condition A1-2 is met.

[0034] ・Condition A1-1 Ms-Hys>Thresh ・Condition A1-2 Ms+Hys <Thresh

[0035] The variables in the formulas of the above conditions A1-1 and A1-2 are defined as follows: Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, without taking into account the offset. Hys is the hysteresis parameter of this event (i.e., the parameter (hysteresis) defined in the reporting configuration information (reportConfigNR) for this event). Threshold is the threshold parameter of this event (i.e., the parameter (a1-Threshold) defined in the reporting configuration information (reportConfigNR) for this event). The unit of Ms is dBm for RSRP, and dB for RSRQ and RS-SINR. Hys is expressed in dB. The same units as Ms are applied to Threshold.

[0036] <Event A2> Event A2 indicates that the serving (measurement result of the serving cell) deteriorates below a threshold. Specifically, when the UE satisfies Condition A2-1 defined below, it is considered that the input condition of this event is satisfied, and when A2-2 is satisfied, it is considered that the exit condition of this event is satisfied. The meaning of the variables in each condition is the same as the variables of A1 above.

[0037] - Condition A2-1: Ms + Hys < Thresh - Condition A2-2: Ms - Hys > Thresh

[0038] <Event A3> Event A3 indicates that, considering the offset, the neighbor (measurement result of the neighbor cell) becomes better than the SpCell. Specifically, when the UE satisfies Condition A3-1 defined below, it is considered that the input condition of this event is satisfied, and when A3-2 is satisfied, it is considered that the exit condition of this event is satisfied.

[0039] - Condition A3-1: Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Mp + Ofp + Ocp + Off - Condition A3-2: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Mp + Ofp + Ocp + Off

[0040] The variables in the formulas of the above conditions A3-1 and A3-2 are defined as follows: Mn is the measurement result of the neighboring cell, without taking into account the offset; Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the reference signal of the neighboring cell (i.e., the parameter (offsetMO) defined in the configuration information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the neighboring cell); Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the neighboring cell (i.e., the parameter (cellIndividualOffset) defined in the configuration information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the frequency of the neighboring cell), and is set to zero if not configured for the neighboring cell; Mp is the measurement result of the SpCell, without taking into account the offset; Ofp is the measurement object-specific offset of the SpCell (the parameter (offsetMO) defined in the configuration information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the SpCell); Ocp is the cell-specific offset of the SpCell (the parameter (cellIndividualOffset) defined in the configuration information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the SpCell), and is set to zero if not configured for the SpCell. - Hys is the hysteresis parameter of this event (i.e., the parameter (hysteresis) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) for this event). - Off is the offset parameter of this event (i.e., the parameter (a3-Offset) defined in the configuration (reportConfigNR) for this event). - The units of Mn and Mp for RSRP are dBm, and the units of RSRQ and RS-SINR are dB. - The units of Ofn, Ocn, Ofp, Ocp, Hys, and Off are dB.

[0041] <Event A4> Event A4 indicates that the neighbor (measurement result of the neighbor cell) becomes better than a threshold. Specifically, the UE considers that the entry condition of this event is met when the following condition A4-1 is met, and that the departure condition of this event is met when A4-2 is met. The meanings of the variables in each condition are the same as those of the above-mentioned event A3.

[0042] - Condition A4-1: Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thresh; - Condition A4-2: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh

[0043] <Event A5> Event A5 indicates that SpCell (measurement result of SpCell) becomes worse than Threshold 1 and the adjacent cell (measurement result of adjacent cell) becomes better than Threshold 2. Specifically, the UE considers that the input condition of this event is satisfied when both of the following defined Conditions A5-1 and A5-2 are met, and considers that the departure condition of this event is satisfied when at least one of Conditions A5-3 or A5-4 is met. Thresh1 and Thresh2 are the thresholds of this event respectively. The unit of Thresh1 is the same as Mp, and the unit of Thresh2 is the same as Mn. The meanings of other variables are the same as those of the variables in Event A3 above.

[0044] - Condition A5-1: Mp + Hys < Thresh1; - Condition A5-2: Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thresh2; - Condition A5-3: Mp - Hys > Thresh1; - Condition A5-4: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh2

[0045] <Event A6> Event A6 indicates that, considering the offset, the adjacent cell (measurement result of adjacent cell) becomes better than SCell (measurement result of SpCell). Specifically, the UE considers that the input condition of this event is satisfied when the following defined Condition A6-1 is met, and considers that the departure condition of this event is satisfied when A6-2 is met.

[0046] - Condition A6-1: Mn + Ocn - Hys > Ms + Ocs + Off; - Condition A6-2: Mn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ocs + Off

[0047] In this measurement, the secondary cell (SCell) corresponding to the configuration (measObjectNR) related to this event is considered as the serving cell. Furthermore, both the neighbor cell reference signal and the SCell reference signal are indicated in the related configuration (measObjectNR). The variables in the formulas of the above conditions A6-1 and A6-2 are defined as follows. The meanings of the other variables are the same as those of the variables in the above event A3. Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, and the offset is not taken into account. Ocs is the cell-specific offset of the serving cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset defined in the related configuration (measObjectNR)), and is set to zero if not configured in the serving cell.

[0048] <Event B1> Event B1 indicates that the inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) neighbor cell (measurement result of the neighbor cell) becomes better than a threshold. For example, if the RAT of the serving cell is LTE (or NR / 5G), the inter-RAT neighbor cell may be an NR / 5G (or LTE) cell. Specifically, the UE considers that the entry condition of this event is met when the following condition B1-1 is met, and that the departure condition of this event is met when B1-2 is met.

[0049] ・Condition B1-1 Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh ・Condition B1-2 Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys <Thresh

[0050] Mn is the measurement result of the inter-RAT neighbor cell without taking the offset into consideration. Ofn is the measurement target specific offset of the frequency of the inter-RAT neighbor cell (i.e., the parameter (utra-Q-OffsetRange) defined in the configuration information (measObjectEUTRA) corresponding to the frequency of the neighboring inter-RAT cell, and the parameter (utra-FDD-Q-OffsetRange) defined in the configuration information (measObjectUTRA-FDD) corresponding to the frequency of the neighboring inter-RAT cell). Ocn is the cell specific offset of the inter-RAT neighbor cell (i.e., the parameter (cellIndividualOffset) defined in the configuration information (measObjectEUTRA) corresponding to the neighboring inter-RAT cell), and is set to 0 if not configured for the neighbor cell. Hys is the hysteresis parameter of this event (i.e., the parameter (hysteresis) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigInterRAT) of this event). - Threshold indicates the threshold parameter of this event (i.e., the parameter (b1-ThresholdEUTRA) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigInterRAT) of this event or the parameter defined for UTRA-FDD (b1-ThresholdUTRA-FDD)). - The unit of Mn is dBm or dB depending on the measurement quantity of the inter-RAT neighboring cell. - The unit of Ofn, Ocn, and Hys is dB. - The same unit as Mn is used for Threshold.

[0051] <Event B2> Event B2 indicates that the PCell (measurement result of the PCell) becomes worse than threshold 1 and the inter-RAT neighboring cell (measurement result of the neighboring cell) becomes better than threshold 2. Specifically, the UE considers that the entry condition for this event is met when both conditions B2-1 and B2-2 specified below are met, and that the exit condition for this event is met when at least one of conditions B2-3 or B2-4 is met.

[0052] - Condition B2-1: Mp + Hys < Thresh1 - Condition B2-2: Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thresh2 - Condition B2-3: Mp - Hys > Thresh1 - Condition B2-4: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh2

[0053] - Mp is the measurement result of PCell, and the offset is not considered. - Thresh1 and Thresh2 are the threshold values for this event, respectively. The unit of Thresh1 is the same as that of Mp, and the unit of Thresh2 is the same as that of Mn. The meanings of other variables are the same as those of the variables in Event B1 above.

[0054] <Event T1> Event T1 indicates that the measurement time of the UE is within a predetermined time from the threshold value. Specifically, when the UE satisfies the condition T1-1 defined below, it is considered that the input condition of this event is satisfied, and when the condition T1-2 is satisfied, it is considered that the departure condition of this event is satisfied.

[0055] - Condition T1-1: Mt > Thresh1 - Condition T1-2: Mt > Thresh1 + Duration

[0056] The variables in the formula are defined as follows: - Mt is the time measured by the UE. - Thresh1 is the threshold parameter of this event (that is, the parameter (t1-Threshold) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) corresponding to this event). - Duration is the parameter indicating the period of this event (that is, the parameter (duration) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) corresponding to this event). - The unit of Mt is ms. - The unit of Thresh1 is the same as that of Mt. - The unit of Duration is the same as that of Mt.

[0057] <Event I1> Event I1 indicates that the interference becomes higher than the threshold value. Specifically, when the UE satisfies the condition I1-1 defined below, it is considered that the input condition of this event is satisfied, and when the condition I1-2 is satisfied, it is considered that the departure condition of this event is satisfied.

[0058] ・Condition I1-1 Mi-Hys>Thresh ・Condition I1-2 Mi+Hys <Thresh

[0059] The variables in the equations for the above conditions I1-1 and I1-2 are defined as follows: Mi is the interference measurement result, and offset is not taken into account. Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter (hysteresis) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) for this event). Threshold is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter (i1-Threshold) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) for this event). The units of Mi and Thresh are dBm. The unit of Hys is dB.

[0060] (Aperiodic CSI Reporting) The UE may determine whether an event triggering a CSI report has occurred based on measurement results of channel state information (CSI) for at least one of a serving cell, a neighboring cell, a primary cell, a primary secondary cell, and a secondary cell, and may transmit an aperiodic CSI report if an event has occurred. The conditions for this event may be the same as the conditions for the event triggering an event for the RRM report (Option 1), or may be at least partially different (Option 2). The event may occur based on measurement results of reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) at Layer 1 (Option 2-2).

[0061] <Option 1> An aperiodic CSI report may be triggered by reusing at least one event for the RRM report (e.g., at least one of the events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1). That is, when at least one of the events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1 occurs (when the input condition of the event is satisfied), both the RRM report and the CSI report may be triggered, and the UE may transmit both the RRM report and the CSI report.

[0062] In the present disclosure, triggering an aperiodic CSI report and a UE transmitting an aperiodic CSI report may be interchangeable. A CSI report, an L1 beam report, and a beam report may be interchangeable.

[0063] According to option 1, the trigger for RRM reporting can be reused to trigger aperiodic CSI reporting, thereby reducing the configuration overhead.

[0064] <Option 2> One or more new events (separate from events for RRM reporting) may be defined to trigger aperiodic L1 beam reporting (CSI reporting). The events may be similar to the above-mentioned events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1 that are also applied to triggering RRM reporting, but may differ from any of the events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1 (triggering RRM reporting) in at least one of the following 2-1 to 2-4.

[0065] [[2-1]] The thresholds may be different, i.e., events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1 may be used for L1 beam reporting (CSI reporting) using thresholds different from those for RRM reporting.

[0066] [[2-2]] An event may be triggered based on the measurement result of the reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) at Layer 1. That is, the comparison may be based on L1-RSRP instead of L3-RSRP. Alternatively, a new filtered L1-RSRP may be applied, whose timescale (period of update / measurement) is between L1-RSRP and L3-RSRP (or the same as L1-RSRP or L3-RSRP). Alternatively, other metrics, such as L1-SINR or L3-RSRQ, may be applied. For example, the following Event A2' may be triggered as a new event: Event A2': The L1-RSRP measurement result of the serving cell is worse than a threshold.

[0067] [[2-3]] It may be based on a comparison of measurements at a single beam level, at multiple beam levels (combining independent measurements of multiple beams into a single value), or at a cell level. For example, the following event A4' or event A4'' may apply: Event A4': The measurement result of one beam from a neighboring cell is better than a threshold. Event A4'': The statistic (e.g., average, sum, etc.) of the measurement results of multiple beams (e.g., the best X beams) is better than a threshold. X may be fixed or configurable, for example, by higher layer signaling.

[0068] [[2-4]] The number of beams that satisfy a condition (e.g., any of events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1) may be considered. For example, if X beams satisfy event A4′ (if the measurement results of X beams from neighbor cells are better than a threshold), the UE may report CSI.

[0069] In addition, an example in which at least two of the above 2-1 to 2-4 are combined may also be applied. For example, A4''' can be considered as an event combining 2-2 and 2-3. Also, A4'''' can be considered as an event combining 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4. Event A4''': The L1-RSRP measurement result of one beam from an adjacent cell is better than the threshold. Event A4''': The L1-RSRP of each of X beams from adjacent cells is better than the threshold.

[0070] According to option 2, CSI reporting can be performed at a higher speed than when using existing RRM reporting events using RRC.

[0071] (Triggering an L1 beam report) The following conditions may be applied as conditions for an event that triggers an L1 beam report: Alternatively, the following conditions may be added to at least one of the above events A1 to A6, B1, B2, T1, and I1, or the above options 1 and 2, as conditions for an event that triggers an L1 beam report.

[0072] The UE may assume that an event (L1 beam report) is triggered (trigger an event) in a slot (or the next slot) after a predetermined period (M ms / symbol) from the last transmitted L1 beam report, and transmit the L1 beam report. The predetermined period may be defined in a specification, or may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The UE may transmit UE capability information indicating the predetermined period.

[0073] The predetermined period may be the same period (or a shorter period) as the period from the last L1 beam report, which is applied to the conditions for determining that the TCI state is known (not unknown). For example, one of the conditions for determining that the TCI state is known is that a TCI state switching command is received within a predetermined period (1280 ms) after the last transmission of a beam report or measurement RS resource. In other words, when 1280 ms has elapsed since the last beam report, the TCI state becomes "unknown." Therefore, the predetermined period may be 1280 ms (or a period shorter than 1280 ms).

[0074] When the TCI status becomes "unknown," beam switching takes time, but in the above process, the L1 beam is reported before the TCI status becomes "unknown," so beam switching can be performed quickly. However, M may be another value.

[0075] (Potential Cell Switch Command) The UE / NW can avoid RLF of the source cell of the LTM by triggering a potential cell switch before the cell switch command. Note that the "potential cell switch command" in this disclosure may be called by other names. The new potential cell switch command triggers a countdown / timer to the cell switch, but does not directly trigger the cell switch. The actual cell switch may be decided by the UE / NW after sending / receiving the new potential cell switch.

[0076] This allows the UE to know that it may perform a cell switch to the target cell before receiving the cell switch command. As described above, the cell switch command may not be received by the UE if RLF occurs (if L1-RSRP drops). In conventional technology, the UE cannot perform a cell switch in this case.

[0077] Also, in the case of UE-to-DU, the source DU needs to coordinate with the target DU (e.g., beam) when making a cell switch decision. If this coordination takes a lot of time, it may lead to RLF. However, in the present disclosure, this coordination can be done from the potential cell switch command to the cell switch.

[0078] <Reception of Potential Cell Switch Command> Before receiving the cell switch command, the UE receives a potential cell switch command from the NW, using DCI / MAC CE / RRC, etc., indicating that a cell switch may be performed. Then, if specific conditions are met, the UE executes a cell switch after a predetermined time. The cell switch may mean switching the serving cell to a candidate cell / target cell indicated in the potential cell switch command (starting transmission and reception with the target cell). The operation after receiving the potential cell switch command will be described in detail in a second embodiment described later.

[0079] The method of transmitting the potential cell switch command may be the same as the method of transmitting the cell switch command. The UE may receive the potential cell switch command from the serving cell or from each candidate cell / candidate cell group.

[0080] At least one of the following options 1-1 to 1-5 may be applied as the timing (condition) for the UE to receive the potential cell switch command in the DL: The UE receives the potential cell switch command at least before receiving the cell switch command.

[0081] Option 1-1: The UE receives a potential cell switch command after DL synchronization of the target cell is completed.

[0082] Option 1-2: The UE receives a potential cell switch command after L1 measurement reporting (CSI reporting) of the target cell is completed.

[0083] Option 1-3: The UE receives a potential cell switch command after UL synchronization of the target cell is completed.

[0084] Option 1-4: The UE may receive a potential cell switch command at any time.

[0085] Option 1-5: The UE may receive a potential cell switch command based on DL measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR, etc.) of the source cell. The NW may transmit a potential cell switch command to the UE when the measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR, etc. included in the CSI report) of the source cell received from the UE are worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold. For example, the NW may transmit a potential cell switch command to the UE when the measurement results are worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold in a predetermined period of time or when the NW detects that the measurement results are worse (lower) than the predetermined threshold a predetermined number of times. The fact that the measurement results are worse than the threshold may be notified from the physical layer to the MAC layer or may be counted by a counter in the MAC layer.

[0086] In Options 1-5, DL measurement results of the candidate cell may be used. In that case, in the above example, "worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold" may be replaced with "better (higher) than a predetermined threshold." Alternatively, DL measurement results of both the source cell and the candidate cell may be used. For example, the NW may send a potential cell switch command to the UE when the measurement result of the source cell received from the UE is worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold and when the measurement result of the candidate cell is better (higher) than the predetermined threshold. Alternatively, the NW may send a potential cell switch command to the UE when the measurement result of the source cell received from the UE is worse (lower) than the measurement result of the candidate cell.

[0087] <Transmission of Potential Cell Switch Command> Before receiving the cell switch command, the UE may transmit a potential cell switch command (a request / instruction for a potential cell switch command) to the NW, indicating that a cell switch may be performed, using UCI / MAC CE / RRC, etc. The UE may then receive a response to the request / instruction from the NW. Then, the UE performs a cell switch if certain conditions are met. The cell switch may mean switching the serving cell to a candidate cell / target cell indicated in the potential cell switch command (starting transmission and reception with the target cell). Operations after transmission of the potential cell switch command will be described in detail in a second embodiment described later.

[0088] The potential cell switch command may be an L1 measurement report (CSI report), an event triggered report, etc., or may be included in the L1 measurement report (CSI report), the event triggered report, etc. The event of the event triggered report may be an event specified in the above-mentioned report configuration (ReportConfigNR), or may be another event.

[0089] The UE sends a potential cell switch command at least prior to receiving the cell switch command.

[0090] When the UE sends a potential cell switch command to the NW, at least one of the following options 1-1 to 1-3 may be applied to the UE's operation.

[0091] Option 1-1: The UE sends a potential cell switch command together with an L1 measurement report (CSI report), which may correspond to one or more candidate cells and at least one of the source cell.

[0092] Option 1-2: The UE sends a potential cell switch command along with a report of the TA obtained by UE-based TA measurements.

[0093] Option 1-3: The UE sends a potential cell switch command on the resource indicated by the DCI. This DCI may be the DCI for the UL grant (e.g., DCI format 0_0, 0_1, or 0_2) or another DCI. A new field may be added to this DCI (e.g., 1: potential cell switch command, 0: other).

[0094] As the timing (condition) for the UE to transmit a potential cell switch command to the NW, at least one of the following options 2-1 to 2-4 may be applied.

[0095] Option 2-1: The UE sends a potential cell switch command after completing UL synchronization with the target cell.

[0096] Option 2-2: The UE sends a potential cell switch command after completing L1 measurement reporting (CSI reporting) of the target cell.

[0097] Option 2-3: The UE sends a potential cell switch command after receiving specific RRC signaling to enable this feature.

[0098] Option 2-4: The UE may transmit a potential cell switch command to the NW based on DL measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR, etc.) of the source cell. The UE may transmit a potential cell switch command when the measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR, etc. included in the CSI report) of the source cell are worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold. For example, the UE may transmit a potential cell switch command when the measurement results are worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold in a predetermined period of time, or when the UE detects that the measurement results are worse (lower) than the predetermined threshold a predetermined number of times. The fact that the measurement results are worse than the threshold may be notified from the physical layer to the MAC layer, or may be counted by a counter in the MAC layer.

[0099] In Option 2-4, the DL measurement result of the candidate cell may be used. In that case, in the above example, "worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold" may be replaced with "better (higher) than a predetermined threshold." Alternatively, the DL measurement results of both the source cell and the candidate cell may be used. For example, the UE may transmit a potential cell switch command to the NW when the measurement result of the source cell is worse (lower) than a predetermined threshold and when the measurement result of the candidate cell is better (higher) than the predetermined threshold. Alternatively, the UE may transmit a potential cell switch command to the NW when the measurement result of the source cell is worse (lower) than the measurement result of the candidate cell.

[0100] The UE may send a potential cell switch command to the serving cell or to each candidate cell / candidate cell group.

[0101] When the UE sends a potential cell switch command to a candidate cell, it may use a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) different from the serving cell's C-RNTI for UL scrambling. This C-RNTI is used for scrambling the CRC of the PDCCH (DCI) from the candidate cell, scrambling the PDSCH / PUCCH / PUSCH data (information bits), etc. The UE may also use a timing advance (TA) different from the TA of the serving cell.

[0102] <Behavior after Receiving a Potential Cell Switch Command> Regarding the behavior of the UE after receiving / sending a potential cell switch command, one of the following options may be applied.

[0103] Option 1-1: The UE starts a timer for a potential cell switch, which is configured / instructed to the UE by the RRC / MAC CE for all candidate cells / for each candidate cell / for each candidate cell group.

[0104] Option 1-2: The UE stores information about potential cell switch commands.

[0105] After receiving / sending the potential cell switch command, the UE may receive some signaling or encounter some event before the timer expires (completes).

[0106] For example, when the UE receives another potential cell switch command corresponding to another candidate cell during the potential cell switch period (while the timer is running), at least one of the following options 2-1 to 2-3 may be applied to the UE's behavior.

[0107] Option 2-1: The UE stops / resets the timer for the ongoing potential cell switch. In this case, the UE may maintain timers for all candidate cells.

[0108] Option 2-2: The UE starts a timer for a potential cell switch to another candidate cell. In this case, the UE may maintain a timer for each cell. Whether the UE can maintain a timer for each cell and the maximum number of timers may be configured by higher layer signaling, defined in a specification, or determined based on the UE capabilities.

[0109] Option 2-3: The UE does not expect (does not receive / transmit) another potential cell switch command for another candidate cell during the potential cell switch period (while the timer is running).

[0110] Regarding the UE's behavior when it receives a cell switch command during the potential cell switch period (while the timer is running), at least one of the following options 3-1 to 3-2 may be applied.

[0111] Option 3-1: The UE stops / resets the timer for the potential cell switch, erases / outputs the information of the target cell specified in the potential cell switch from the buffer, and follows the cell switch command.

[0112] Option 3-2: The UE does not expect (does not receive) a cell switch command during the potential cell switch period (while the timer is running).

[0113] The UE may perform / decide to perform an actual cell switch when at least one of the following options 4-1 to 4-3 occurs: A cell switch may mean switching the serving cell to (starting transmission / reception with) the target cell indicated in the potential cell switch command.

[0114] Option 4-1: The timer corresponding to the potential cell switch has expired (completed).

[0115] Option 4-2: When a specific event occurs or when a specific condition is met. The specific event / condition may be, for example, at least one of the events / conditions shown in the above report configuration (ReportConfigNR), or may be another event / condition.

[0116] Option 4-3: When the next target cell becomes clear based on information from higher layers (Mobility as a Service (MaaS), Core Network (CN), etc.) from the network.

[0117] The UE may decide to stop / reset the timer for the potential cell switch and not to perform a cell switch (trigger a cell switch) in at least one of the following cases: Option 5-1 or 5-2.

[0118] Option 5-1: When the UE receives a specific signal (DCI / MAC CE / RRC) instructing cancellation of a potential cell switch (cell switch).

[0119] Option 5-2: When a specific event occurs (for example, when the TA timer of the target cell indicated by the potential cell switch expires).

[0120] After an actual cell switch based on a potential cell switch command (when the UE triggers the cell switch), at least one of the following options 6-1 to 6-4 may be implemented.

[0121] Option 6-1: The UE transmits the PRACH to the target cell.

[0122] Option 6-2: The UE transmits any UL signal to the target cell.

[0123] Option 6-3: The UE starts monitoring the PDCCH from the target cell, or the UE starts receiving any DL signals from the target cell.

[0124] Option 6-4: The UE stops transmitting / receiving from the source cell.

[0125] Note that if the UE stops / resets the timer and does not trigger a cell switch, it may flush (delete / output from buffer) the information indicated by the potential cell switch command.

[0126] The timer for the potential cell switch command may not be configured, in which case the application timing (slot / symbol / ms) of the cell switch may be configured / instructed to the UE by higher layer / physical layer signaling, may be defined in the specification, or may be based on the UE capability information.

[0127] According to the above process, the UE can appropriately perform operations such as executing or canceling a cell switch after receiving / transmitting a potential cell switch command.

[0128] (Analysis) As described above, NR supports event-triggered reporting in Layer 3 (L3) measurement / reporting. In addition, future wireless communication technologies (e.g., Rel. 18) are considering event-triggered reporting in Layer 1 (L1) measurement / reporting.

[0129] In addition, beam prediction was investigated in AI / ML in Rel. 18, and sufficient performance was confirmed for temporal beam prediction. If UEs can predict RSRP / SINR in the future, further latency improvement can be expected by triggering L3 measurement reports (RRM measurements / L3 reports) and L1 / L2 measurement reports based on the predictions.

[0130] In addition, conditional handover based on L3 measurements is supported in NR. Some events defined for event-triggered reporting are also used for conditional handover. The UE performs RRC reconfiguration when the conditions are met.

[0131] In addition, the use of L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) defined in Rel. 18 when a UE moves between cells is being considered. If the LTM of Rel. 18 is applied, the interruption time of cell switching can be shortened.

[0132] However, it is not clear how to perform event-triggered reporting using measured / predicted L1 / L3 values ​​or how to perform cell switching. If L1 / L3 reporting is not performed properly, communication throughput may decrease.

[0133] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a method that can appropriately perform CSI reporting or cell switching of L1 / L3.

[0134] (Various Replacements, etc.) Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0135] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0136] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0137] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0138] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0139] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0140] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0141] In the present disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0142] In the present disclosure, the terms "base station," "gNB," and "network (NW)" may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms "terminal," "user terminal," and "user equipment (UE)" may be interchangeable.

[0143] In the present disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, Quasi-Co-Location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0144] In the present disclosure, a cell group, a serving cell group, a master cell group (MCG), and a secondary cell group (SCG) may be interchangeable. L1 / L2, L1 / L2 signaling, and DCI / MAC CE may be interchangeable. A serving cell may be replaced with a cell that transmits a PDSCH. A candidate cell may refer to a cell that is a candidate to become a serving cell through L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility. L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) and L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be interchangeable.

[0145] In the present disclosure, the terms cell, PCI, serving cell, source serving cell, source cell, CC, BWP, BWP within a CC, and band may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms cell, PCI, cell with an additional PCI, additional cell, other cell, non-serving cell, cell with a different PCI, candidate cell, candidate serving cell, cell with a PCI different from the PCI of the current serving cell, another serving cell, target cell, neighbor cell, and inter-RAT neighbor cell may be interchangeable. The target cell may be a cell selected from multiple candidate cells. In the present disclosure, the terms switch, change, and update may be interchangeable. The term serving cell may be interchangeable with the serving cell before the switch or the serving cell after the switch.

[0146] In the present disclosure, a potential cell switch command and a request / instruction for a potential cell switch command may be interchangeable. The cell switch command in the present disclosure may be transmitted from a network to a user equipment (UE) by using layer 1 / layer 2 (DCI / MAC CE).

[0147] In the present disclosure, RRM report, L3 measurement / report, beam measurement / report, L1 beam measurement / report, L1 measurement / report, and CSI measurement / report may be interchangeable. L1 may indicate at least one of L1-RSRP and L1-SINR. RS may be at least one of CSI-RS and SSB. L1-RSRP and L1-SINR may be interchangeable. SSB, SSB index, and SSBRI may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, predicted results / measurement results may refer to predicted results / measurement results of RSRP / SINR of L1 / L2 / L3.

[0148] In the present disclosure, L1 measurement / prediction (measurement / prediction of L1-RSRP / L1-SINR, etc.) may be at least one of measurement / prediction using SSB / CSI-RS corresponding to the serving cell (PCI of the serving cell) and measurement / prediction using SSB / CSI-RS corresponding to a cell other than the serving cell (PCI other than the PCI of the serving cell) (e.g., an additional cell / additional PCI). Which measurement / prediction (or both) to use may be specified in a specification, may be configured / instructed by the UE by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be reported as UE capability information. Measurement / prediction / reporting may be performed for each cell or for each beam (RS). L1, L2, and L3 may be interchangeable.

[0149] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0150] In the present disclosure, a resource may refer to a reference signal resource, and may be interchangeably read as a recommended / predicted / measured resource. A resource may refer to a resource in the time / frequency / code / spatial domain, etc. In the present disclosure, a resource may be identified by at least one of a resource indicator, a capability index, a beam ID, etc.

[0151] In the present disclosure, L1-RSRP may be interchangeably referred to as L1-RSRP / SINR, Layer-X (LX (e.g., X = 1, 2, 3, ...)-RSRP / SINR, RSRP / SINR, predicted / measured L1-RSRP / SINR, predicted / measured value (predicted value / measured value), non-probability value related to predicted / measured received power or reception quality (non-probability measurement / prediction result), etc. Also, in the present disclosure, L1-RSRP, a top-X probability described below, a top-X' / 1 probability described below, etc. may be interchangeably referred to as input candidates (e.g., CIR) for the AI ​​model of the above-mentioned BM case 1 / 2.

[0152] In the present disclosure, predicted value, predicted result, predicted measurement result, measured value, actual measurement value, and measurement result may be read interchangeably.

[0153] (Wireless Communication Method) <First Embodiment> At least one of the following events from Options 1 to 4 can be defined to determine whether to trigger / reset conditions for L1 / L2 / L3 measurements / reports, or to determine whether to perform an action related to a cell switch (switch of the serving cell) (performing a cell switch, sending a cell switch command, or sending the above-mentioned potential cell switch command). That is, when at least one of the following events from Options 1 to 4 occurs, the UE may perform L1 / L2 / L3 measurements / reports, receive information related to resetting the conditions for the event, reset the conditions for the event, or perform an action related to a cell switch. The base station may perform a cell switch in response to receiving a cell switch command / potential cell switch command from the UE.

[0154] [Option 1] At least one of the events A1-A6, B1, B2, T1 and I1 listed above (Events for L3 Measurement / Reporting).

[0155] [Option 2] At least one of the events listed above (Aperiodic CSI reporting) and (Triggering L1 beam reporting).

[0156] [Option 3] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the process of Option 3 of the first embodiment. The UE calculates predicted values ​​of L1 / L3 measurement results (step S11). Then, if an event based on the predicted values ​​(prediction results) of L1 / L3 occurs (YES in step S12), the UE may transmit a CSI report (e.g., L1 / L3 RSRP / SINR measurement / prediction results) or perform a cell switch operation (step S13). L3 filtering may be applied to calculate the predicted RSRP / SINR values. The predicted values ​​may be top-X (e.g., top-1) probabilities. The top-X probability is the probability that a specific RS / beam will be equal to or greater than the Xth-largest RSRP / SINR among specific RS resources.

[0157] The content to be measured / reported (e.g., L1-RSRP / L1-SINR, etc.) may be at least one of content measured using SSB / CSI-RS corresponding to the PCI of the serving cell and content measured using SSB / CSI-RS corresponding to a PCI (additional PCI) other than the PCI of the serving cell. The content to be reported may be defined in a specification, may be set / instructed by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be transmitted (reported) by the UE as UE capability information.

[0158] The event based on the predicted value may be at least one of the following events 3-1 to 3-10. Note that the prediction result and the predicted value may be interchangeable.

[0159] Event 3-1: The predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "serving cell" or a "specific RS of the serving cell" becomes better than a threshold. For example, Ms in Event A1 may be replaced with the predicted result / predicted measurement result.

[0160] Event 3-2: The predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "serving cell" or a "specific RS of the serving cell" becomes worse than a threshold. For example, Ms of event A2 may be replaced with the predicted result / predicted measurement result.

[0161] Event 3-3: Taking the offset into consideration, the prediction / measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” becomes better than the prediction / measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell.” For example, Mp in Event A3 may be replaced with the prediction / measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell,” and Mn may be replaced with the prediction / measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell.”

[0162] Event 3-4: The predicted / measured result of the "neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the neighboring cell" becomes better than a threshold. For example, Mn in Event A4 may be replaced with the predicted / measured result of the "neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the neighboring cell."

[0163] <<Event 3-5>> The predicted / measured result of the "SpCell" or "a specific RS of the SpCell" becomes worse than threshold 1, and the predicted / measured result of the "neighboring cell" or "a specific RS of the neighboring cell" becomes better than threshold 2. For example, Mp in event A5 may be replaced with the predicted / measured result of the "SpCell" or "a specific RS of the SpCell", and Mn may be replaced with the predicted / measured result of the "neighboring cell" or "a specific RS of the neighboring cell".

[0164] Event 3-6: Taking the offset into consideration, the prediction / measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or “a specific RS in the neighboring cell” is better than the prediction / measurement result of the “SCell” or “a specific RS in the SCell.” For example, Ms in Event A6 may be replaced with the prediction / measurement result of the “SCell” or “a specific RS in the SCell,” and Mn may be replaced with the prediction / measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or “a specific RS in the neighboring cell.”

[0165] Event 3-7: The predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the inter-RAT neighboring cell" becomes better than a threshold. For example, Mn in Event B1 may be replaced with the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the inter-RAT neighboring cell."

[0166] <<Event 3-8>> The predicted / measured result of the "PCell" or "specific RS of the PCell" becomes worse than threshold 1, and the predicted / measured result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or "specific RS of the inter-RAT neighboring cell" becomes better than threshold 2. For example, Mp in event B2 may be replaced with the predicted / measured result of the "PCell" or "specific RS of the PCell", and Mn may be replaced with the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or "specific RS of the inter-RAT neighboring cell".

[0167] Event 3-9: The predicted / measured interference result of the “PCell” or a “specific RS in the PCell” becomes higher than a threshold. For example, Mi in event I1 may be replaced with the predicted / measured interference result of the “PCell” or a “specific RS in the PCell.”

[0168] Event 3-10: The UE's predicted time is within a predetermined time from a threshold. For example, Mt of event T1 may be replaced with the UE's predicted time (e.g., the predicted time of RSRP / SINR of L1 / L2 / L3).

[0169] Each threshold, event offset, hysteresis parameter, cell-specific offset, and RS-specific offset in the present disclosure may be specified in a specification, may be configured / instructed to the UE by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be transmitted (reported) by the UE as UE capability information.

[0170] The specific RS may be the RS with the maximum / minimum predicted / measured RSRP / SINR. Hysteresis parameters may be used for each of the entry condition and the departure condition. Hysteresis parameters may be used jointly or separately for the entry condition and the departure condition.

[0171] Depending on the target of prediction / measurement, a specific offset may be considered, for example, a cell-specific offset or an RS-specific offset may be applied depending on the target of prediction / measurement.

[0172] The time instance associated with the predicted measurement result may be specified in the specification, may be configured / indicated to the UE by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be transmitted (reported) by the UE as UE capability information.

[0173] [Events Based on Predicted Values / Measurement Values] The UE may assume that both event-based beam measurement / reporting using measurements (actual values) and event-triggered beam measurement / reporting using predicted values ​​are configured, or that only one of them is configured. If both are configured, only one of the actual measured values ​​or predicted values ​​may be applied preferentially, or beam measurement / reporting may be performed when either event is satisfied, or beam measurement / reporting may be performed when the conditions for both events are satisfied. As parameters related to events, for example, the following option A or B is applied.

[0174] Option A: The UE may use the same parameters for events based on predicted values ​​and events based on measured values ​​(actual measurements). For example, each threshold, event offset, hysteresis parameter, cell-specific offset, and RS-specific offset may be common between events based on predicted values ​​and events based on measured values.

[0175] An offset may be introduced for events based on predicted values, but not for events based on measured values. This is because predicted values ​​are less reliable than measured values, so it is preferable to introduce an offset. The offset may be different for each parameter (e.g., threshold, event offset, hysteresis parameter, cell-specific offset, RS-specific offset). Different values ​​may be introduced for each condition. The offset value may depend on the time offset of the beam prediction. This point will be described later.

[0176] Option B: The UE may use different parameters for events based on predicted values ​​and events based on measured values ​​(actual values). Because predicted values ​​are less reliable than measured values, it may be preferable to set separate parameters.

[0177] For example, each threshold, event offset, hysteresis parameter, cell-specific offset, and RS-specific offset may be set separately for predicted value-based events and measured value-based events.

[0178] The parameters of events based on predicted values ​​and events based on measured values ​​(actual measured values) may be defined in the specifications, may be set / instructed to the UE by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be transmitted (reported) by the UE to the base station (gNB) as UE capability information.

[0179] [Offset Value] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a time offset. The offset value used for an event may depend on the time (time offset shown in Fig. 4) for beam prediction (calculation of predicted value). Specifically, the time offset value may be the time from the timing of one of the resources in Option A or B below to the end timing of the predicted time instance (= the time instance related to the predicted value). The predicted time instance may be the time required to estimate / predict the radio link quality. Option A: Measurement target resource used to calculate the predicted value (reception timing of the last RS to be measured). Option B: Resource used to report the predicted value (reporting timing).

[0180] The offset value used for the event may be proportional to the time offset for beam prediction. Typically, when the time offset is large, the prediction accuracy of time beam prediction is low. If the time offset is larger than a predetermined value, the UE may apply the event using the measurement value without using the predicted value.

[0181] According to the first embodiment, by performing L1 / L2 / L3 measurement / reporting based on events, it is possible to reduce unnecessary measurement / reporting compared to a method of performing measurement / reporting periodically. Furthermore, since measurement / reporting is performed at the required timing, it is possible to improve robustness and reduce delays.

[0182] [Supplementary Information] The predicted value (predicted result / predicted measurement result) in the present disclosure may be a predicted value corresponding to the following times (symbols / slots / subframes): (1) A symbol / slot / subframe X symbols / slots / subframes / ms (milliseconds) after the first / last RS measured to calculate the predicted value; (2) A symbol / slot / subframe X symbols / slots / subframes / ms after the timing to calculate the predicted value; (3) A symbol / slot / subframe X symbols / slots / subframes / ms after the timing to compare the predicted value with a threshold to determine an event entry / departure condition.

[0183] In the above (1) to (3), X may be determined by the UE / base station based on at least one of configured / instructed parameters, UE capability information (parameters), values ​​defined in specifications, associated model ID, model, and performance of the prediction function.

[0184] In this disclosure, the above time instance (the time offset from the measurement timing, etc. to the time corresponding to the predicted value) may be referred to as a "predicted time instance," and the time instance associated with the measurement may be referred to as a "measured time instance."

[0185] [Option 4] The event in option 4 may be the occurrence of at least one of the events (for example, the entry condition / exit condition) in options 1 to 3 of this embodiment.

[0186] FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the process of Option 4 of the first embodiment. The UE performs L1 / L3 measurements (step S21). The UE calculates predicted values ​​of the L1 / L3 measurement results (step S22). Then, if an event based on at least one of the predicted values ​​(prediction results) and the measured values ​​(measurement results) of L1 / L3 occurs (YES in step S23), the UE may transmit a CSI report (e.g., L1 / L3 RSRP / SINR measurement / prediction results) or perform a cell switch operation (step S24). L3 filtering may be applied to calculate the predicted RSRP / SINR values. The predicted values ​​may be the top X (e.g., top 1) probability. The top X probability is the probability that a specific RS / beam will be equal to or greater than the Xth largest RSRP / SINR among specific RS resources.

[0187] The following describes examples of events in Option 4. In the following events 4-1 to 4-10, "and" may be replaced with "or."

[0188] Event 4-1: The predicted / predicted measurement result of the "serving cell" or the "specific RS of the serving cell" is better than a first threshold, and the measurement result of the "serving cell" or the "specific RS of the serving cell" is better than a second threshold. The first / second threshold may be the same as the threshold of condition A1-1 of event A1, for example.

[0189] Event 4-2: The predicted / predicted measurement result of the "serving cell" or a "specific RS of the serving cell" becomes worse than a first threshold, and the measurement result of the "serving cell" or a "specific RS of the serving cell" becomes worse than a second threshold. The first / second threshold may be the same as the threshold (Thresh) of condition A2-1 of event A2, for example.

[0190] Event 4-3-1: Taking into account a first offset, the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” becomes better than the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell,” and taking into account a second offset, the measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” becomes better than the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell.” The first / second offset may be the same as the offset in condition A3-1 of event A3, for example.

[0191] Event 4-3-2: Taking into account a first offset, the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” is better than the measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell,” and taking into account a second offset, the measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” is better than the measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell.” The first / second offset may be the same as the offset in condition A3-1 of event A3, for example.

[0192] Event 4-3-3: Taking into account a first offset, the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” is better than the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell,” and taking into account a second offset, the measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” is better than the measurement result of the “SpCell” or the “specific RS of the SpCell.” The first / second offset may be the same as the offset in condition A3-1 of event A3, for example.

[0193] Event 4-4: The predicted / predicted measurement result of the "neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the neighboring cell" is better than a first threshold, and the measurement result of the "neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the neighboring cell" is better than a second threshold. The first / second threshold may be the same as the threshold of condition A4-1 of event A4, for example.

[0194] Event 4-5: The predicted / predicted measurement result of the "SpCell" or a "specific RS of the SpCell" becomes worse than a first threshold, and the measurement result becomes worse than a second threshold, and the predicted / measured result of the "neighboring cell" or a "specific RS of the neighboring cell" becomes better than a third threshold, and the measurement result becomes better than a fourth threshold. The first / second threshold may be, for example, the same as Thresh 1 in Condition A5-1 of Event A5. The third / fourth threshold may be, for example, the same as Thresh 2 in Condition A5-2 of Event A5.

[0195] Event 4-6-1: Considering a first offset, a predicted result / predicted measurement result of a "neighboring cell" or a "specific RS of a neighboring cell" is better than a predicted result / predicted measurement result and measurement result of an "SCell" or a "specific RS of an SCell," and considering a second offset, a measurement result of a "neighboring cell" or a "specific RS of a neighboring cell" is better than a predicted result / predicted measurement result and measurement result of an "SCell" or a "specific RS of an SCell." The first / second offsets may be the same as the offsets (Ocn, Ocs, off) in condition A6-1 of event A6, for example.

[0196] Event 4-6-2: Considering a first offset, the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the neighboring cell" is better than the measurement result of the "SCell" or the "specific RS of the SCell," and considering a second offset, the measurement result of the "neighboring cell" or the "specific RS of the neighboring cell" is better than the measurement result of the "SCell" or the "specific RS of the SCell." The first / second offset may be the same as the offsets (Ocn, Ocs, off) in condition A6-1 of event A6, for example.

[0197] Event 4-6-3: Taking into account a first offset, the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” is better than the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “SCell” or the “specific RS of the SCell,” and taking into account a second offset, the measurement result of the “neighboring cell” or the “specific RS of the neighboring cell” is better than the predicted result / predicted measurement result of the “SCell” or the “specific RS of the SCell.” The first / second offsets may be the same as the offsets (Ocn, Ocs, off) in condition A6-1 of event A6, for example.

[0198] Event 4-7: The predicted result / predicted measurement result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or the "specific RS in the inter-RAT neighboring cell" is better than a first threshold, and the measurement result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or the "specific RS in the inter-RAT neighboring cell" is better than a second threshold. The first / second threshold may be the same as Thresh1 in condition B1-1 of event B1, for example.

[0199] Event 4-8: The predicted / predicted measurement result of the "PCell" or a "specific RS of the PCell" becomes worse than a first threshold, and the measurement result becomes worse than a second threshold, and the predicted / predicted measurement result of the "inter-RAT neighboring cell" or a "specific RS of the inter-RAT neighboring cell" becomes better than a third threshold, and the measurement result becomes better than a fourth threshold. The first / second threshold may be, for example, the same as Thresh 1 in condition B2-1 of event B2. The third / fourth threshold may be, for example, the same as Thresh 2 in condition B2-2 of event B2.

[0200] Event 4-9: The predicted / measured interference of the PCell or a specific RS in the PCell exceeds a first threshold, and the measured interference of the PCell or a specific RS in the PCell exceeds a second threshold. The first / second threshold may be the same as the threshold in condition I1-1 of event I1, for example.

[0201] Event 4-10: The UE's predicted time is within a predetermined time from a first threshold, and the UE's measurement time is within a predetermined time from a second threshold. The first and second thresholds may be the same as Thresh1 in condition T1-1 for event T1, for example.

[0202] In option 4 of this embodiment, at least one of the first to fourth thresholds may be the same or different. The first to fourth thresholds of option 4 may be the same as the thresholds of any of options 1 to 3. The first and second offsets of option 4 may be the same or different. The first and second offsets of option 4 may be the same as the offsets of any of options 1 to 3.

[0203] Each example / option of this embodiment may only apply if the UE supports (or reports support for) the particular feature or model.

[0204] The particular function (model function) or model may be, for example, at least one of temporal beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, frequency domain beam prediction, temporal CSI prediction, spatial CSI prediction, frequency domain CSI prediction, direct AI positioning, and AI-assisted positioning.

[0205] According to the first embodiment, the UE performs L1 / L2 / L3 measurements / reports based on events using measurement results / predicted values, thereby reducing unnecessary measurements / reports compared to a method of measuring / reporting periodically. Furthermore, since measurements / reports are performed at required timings, it is possible to improve robustness and reduce delays.

[0206] In addition, the UE can perform cell switch operations based on events using measurement results / predicted values, thereby quickly performing a cell switch, for example, when the received power of the serving cell decreases.

[0207] For example, if an operation related to a cell switch is performed based on an event using only a predicted value, reliability may be low. Also, if an operation related to a cell switch is performed based on an event using only a measurement result (actual measurement value), frequent cell switches may occur. However, in option 4, for example, the UE can increase reliability and prevent frequent cell switches by performing an operation related to a cell switch based on an event using both the measurement result and the predicted value.

[0208] <Supplementary Information> [Notification of Information to UE] In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0209] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0210] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0211] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0212] [Notification of Information from UE] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0213] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0214] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0215] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0216] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE / BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0217] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a specific UE capability. Note that "supporting" and "whether to support" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0218] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments; - Offset value (e.g., offset value between measurement time instance and predicted time instance); - Threshold value for each example; - Supporting sending / receiving potential cell switch command; - Supporting cell switch via L1 / L2; - Time of timer corresponding to potential cell switch command.

[0219] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0220] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0221] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when the UE configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiment (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiment) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19), etc.

[0222] If the UE does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, the UE may apply, for example, the behavior of Rel. 15 / 16 / 17.

[0223] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplemented with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that performs measurements of at least one of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) and calculates a predicted value of at least one of L1 and L3; and a transmission unit that, when an event based on the results of the measurements and at least one of the predicted values ​​occurs, performs at least one of transmitting the results of the measurements of at least one of L1 and L3 and the predicted value, and transmitting information related to a cell switch. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the event is an event based on the results of the measurements and the predicted value corresponding to a serving cell or a reference signal of the serving cell. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the event is an event based on the results of the measurements and the predicted value corresponding to a neighboring cell or a reference signal of the neighboring cell. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein an offset value used for the event depends on a time for calculating the predicted value.

[0224] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0225] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0226] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0227] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0228] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0229] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0230] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0231] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0232] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0233] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0234] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0235] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0236] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0237] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0238] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0239] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0240] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0241] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0242] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0243] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0244] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0245] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0246] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0247] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0248] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0249] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0250] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0251] 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0252] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0253] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0254] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0255] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0256] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0257] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0258] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0259] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0260] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0261] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0262] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0263] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0264] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0265] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0266] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0267] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0268] The control unit 110 may assume that at least one of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) is measured and at least one of L1 and L3 is predicted.

[0269] The transceiver unit 120 may perform at least one of receiving the measurement results and the predicted value of at least one of L1 and L3, and receiving information regarding a cell switch (e.g., a cell switch command / potential cell switch command) when an event based on at least one of the measurement results and the predicted value occurs.

[0270] (User Terminal) Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0271] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0272] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0273] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0274] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0275] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0276] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0277] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0278] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0279] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0280] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0281] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0282] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0283] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0284] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0285] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0286] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0287] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0288] The control unit 210 may measure at least one of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) and calculate a predicted value of at least one of L1 and L3.

[0289] When an event based on at least one of the measurement results and the predicted value occurs, the transceiver unit 220 may perform at least one of transmitting the measurement results and the predicted value of at least one of L1 and L3, and transmitting information regarding a cell switch (e.g., a cell switch command / potential cell switch command).

[0290] The event may be an event based on the measurement result and the predicted value corresponding to a serving cell or a reference signal of a serving cell.

[0291] The event may be an event based on the measurement results and the predicted values ​​corresponding to a neighboring cell or a reference signal of a neighboring cell.

[0292] The offset value used for the event may depend on the time for which the predicted value is calculated.

[0293] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0294] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0295] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0296] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0297] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0298] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0299] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0300] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0301] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0302] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0303] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0304] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0305] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0306] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0307] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0308] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0309] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0310] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0311] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0312] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0313] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0314] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0315] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0316] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0317] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0318] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0319] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0320] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0321] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0322] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0323] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0324] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0325] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0326] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0327] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0328] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0329] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0330] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0331] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0332] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0333] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0334] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0335] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0336] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0337] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0338] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0339] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0340] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0341] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0342] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0343] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0344] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0345] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0346] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0347] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0348] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0349] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0350] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0351] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0352] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0353] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0354] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0355] 10 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0356] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0357] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0358] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0359] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0360] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0361] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0362] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0363] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0364] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0365] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0366] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0367] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0368] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0369] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0370] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0371] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0372] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0373] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0374] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0375] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0376] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0377] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0378] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0379] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0380] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0381] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0382] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0383] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0384] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0385] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0386] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0387] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0388] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0389] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having a control unit that performs at least one measurement of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) and calculates at least one predicted value of L1 and L3, and a transmission unit that, when an event based on at least one of the measurement results and the predicted value occurs, transmits at least one of the measurement results and the predicted value of L1 and L3, and transmits information regarding a cell switch.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the event is an event based on the result of the measurement corresponding to a serving cell or a reference signal of a serving cell and the predicted value.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the event is an event based on the result of the measurement corresponding to a neighboring cell or a reference signal of a neighboring cell and the predicted value.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the offset value used for the event depends on the time for which the predicted value is calculated.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of performing at least one measurement of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) and calculating at least one predicted value of L1 and L3; and, when an event based on the result of the measurement and at least one of the predicted value occurs, performing at least one of transmitting the result of the measurement and the predicted value of at least one of L1 and L3 and transmitting information regarding a cell switch.

6. A base station having a control unit that assumes that at least one measurement of Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) and calculation of at least one predicted value of L1 and L3 are performed, and a receiving unit that, when an event based on the result of the measurement and at least one of the predicted value occurs, receives the result of the measurement of at least one of L1 and L3 and the predicted value, and receives information regarding a cell switch.

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