Direct to garment printing system

Abstract

Systems for printing designs on garments are provided. A system may include a track mechanism attached to the chassis, the track mechanism comprising a closed path including a plurality of stations positioned at different locations along the closed path. A first pallet may be configured to move a first garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, and a second pallet may be configured to move a second garment to the plurality of stations. The second pallet may be configured to move independently from the first pallet along the closed path. A system may include one or more print heads fixed relative to the chassis, where the print heads deposit ink onto the first garment and the second garment to form an image pattern while the first pallet or the second pallet is positioned at a printing station on the closed path, respectively.

Description

DIRECT TO GARMENT PRINTING SYSTEMCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims benefit to Italian Patent Application No. 102023000021291 filed October 12, 2023.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This description relates generally to systems for printing designs (e.g., images, text, colors, patterns, etc.) on garments.BACKGROUND

[0003] Printing technology enables production of high-quality, detailed images, and is widely known for versatility in handling a wide range of media, such as paper, cardstock, glossy photo paper, fabric, etc. Direct to garment (DTG) printers may deposit marking materials (e.g., ink) directly onto a garment. However, some such DTG printers and associated systems employ multiple passes of a garment to achieve the overall design. Moreover, such systems may employ complex catenary systems for print heads or other stations that may be expensive to implement and difficult to ensure desired alignment with a target garment.SUMMARY

[0004] Introduced here are systems and approaches for DTG printing in a single pass. A garment may be moved by a pallet to different stations, including a printing station. The printing station may include an array of print heads allowing for printing on an entire print area of the garment without movement of the print heads. Accordingly, the print heads may be fixed in place and do not “scan” the surface of a garment. As a result, a printed image pattern may be formed on a garment in a single pass. Additionally, the system is less complex and easier to maintain as there are fewer moving components. Systems ofexemplary embodiments herein include multiple pallets that move independently from one another. Such an arrangement increases throughput of the overall system where stations on a closed path have different dwell or process times. That is, pallets can continue to move around a closed path to minimize the non-working time of the station with the longest dwell or process time. In some embodiments, two or more pallets may have different speeds or accelerations depending on their respective positions along a closed path.

[0005] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a garment printing system, including: a chassis; a track mechanism attached to the chassis, the track mechanism including: a closed path including a plurality of stations positioned at different locations along the closed path, wherein the plurality of stations includes at least a load / unload station and a printing station, a first pallet configured to receive and support a first garment, wherein the first pallet is configured to move the first garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, and a second pallet configured to receive and support a second garment, wherein the second pallet is configured to move the second garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, wherein the second pallet is configured to move independently from the first pallet along the closed path; and one or more print heads fixed relative to the chassis, wherein the one or more print heads are configured to deposit ink onto the first garment and the second garment to form an image pattern while the first pallet or the second pallet is positioned at the printing station, respectively.

[0006] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method of operating a garment printing system, the method including: placing a first garment on a first pallet at a load / unload station on a closed path of a track mechanism; moving the first pallet along the closed path to a printing station on the closed path; depositing ink onto the first garment with one or more print heads to form an image pattern on the first garment while the first pallet is positioned at the printing station, wherein the one or more print heads are fixed relative to a chassis of the garment printing system; placing a second garment on a second pallet at the load / unload station on the closed path of the track mechanism; moving the second pallet along the closed path to the printing station independently of the first pallet; moving the first pallet back to the load / unload station after the image pattern is formed on the first garment; depositing ink onto the second garment with the one or more print headsto form an image pattern on the second garment while the second pallet is positioned at the printing station; and moving the second pallet back to the load / unload station after the image pattern is formed on the second garment.

[0007] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a garment printing system, including: a pallet; a track system configured to move the pallet along a closed path, the track system including: a first track extending in a first direction from a first end to a second end, wherein the first track is configured to move the pallet in the first direction, a second track extending in a second direction from a first end of the second track to a second end of the second track, wherein the second track is configured to move the pallet in the second direction, a third track extending along a third axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the third track is positioned adjacent a second end of the first track and a first end of the second track, a fourth track extending along a fourth axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the fourth track is positioned adjacent the first end of the first track and the second end of the second track, a first transfer carriage disposed on the third track, wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to move along the third axis, and wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to receive the pallet at the second end of the first track and transfer the pallet to the first end of the second track, and a second transfer carriage disposed on the fourth track, wherein the second transfer carriage is configured to move along the fourth axis, and wherein the second transfer carriage is configured to receive the pallet at the second end of the second track and transfer the pallet to the first end of the first track; and one or more print heads configured to deposit ink onto a garment disposed on the pallet to form an image pattern while the pallet is positioned at a printing station on the closed path.

[0008] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a garment printing system, including: a track mechanism including: a closed path with access to a plurality of stations positioned at different locations along the closed path, wherein the plurality of stations includes at least a load / unload station and a printing station, a first pallet configured to receive and support a first garment, wherein the first pallet is configured to move the first garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, and a second pallet configured to receive and support a second garment, wherein the second pallet is configured to move thesecond garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, wherein the second pallet is configured to move independently from the first pallet along the closed path; when said first and second pallets are positioned along the track at the printing station one or more print heads at said printing station are operable to deposit ink onto the first garment and the second garment to form an image pattern, respectively.

[0009] These and other aspects, features, and implementations can be expressed as methods, apparatus, systems, components, program products, means or steps for performing a function, and in other ways. These and other aspects, features, and implementations will become apparent from the following descriptions, including the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a plan view of a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0011] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the printing system of Figure 1 .

[0012] Figures 3A-3E are drawings illustrating the operation of a transfer carriage, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0013] Figure 4A is a drawing illustrating a cross section of the printing system of Figure 1 taken along line 4A-4A.

[0014] Figure 4B is a drawing illustrating a cross section of the printing system of Figure 1 taken along line 4B-4B.

[0015] Figure 5 is a plan view of a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0016] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the printing system of Figure 1 .

[0017] Figure 7 is a drawing illustrating a track system for a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0018] Figure 8 is a drawing illustrating a drive system for a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0019] Figure 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for drying color-printed substrates, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0020] Figure 10 is a block diagram illustrating a perspective view of a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 1 is a block diagram illustrating a side view of a printing system, including a printer head and a light source, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0022] Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system, in accordance with one or more embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that the present embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.

[0024] This document presents methods, apparatuses and systems for direct printing on garments. Conventionally, direct-to-garment (DTG) printing systems are complex and have low throughput. Most typically, a linear conveyor is employed with overhead gantry systems to control the deposition of ink onto a garment. That is, print heads and nozzles are configured to move or “scan” the surface of a garment as the garment moves on the linear conveyor to create an image pattern on the garment. The conveyor holds multiple garments which move at a fixed rate through the system, with other components of the system moving to create the full design on the garment. However, as the conveyor moves at a fixed rate that is as slow as the slowest step in the printing process, throughput is limited. Additionally, such systems are complex and expensive. Lastly, due to multiple moving components, maintaining accuracy and precision of each of the components is difficult to achieve and places a large burden on installation and maintenance.

[0025] Introduced here are systems and approaches for DTG printing in a single pass. A garment may be moved by a pallet to different stations, including a printing station. The printing station may include an array of print heads allowing for printing on an entire printarea of the garment without movement of the print heads. Accordingly, the print heads may be fixed in place and do not “scan” the surface of a garment. As a result, a printed image pattern may be formed on a garment in a single pass. Additionally, the system is less complex and easier to maintain as there are fewer moving components. Systems of exemplary embodiments herein include multiple pallets that move independently from one another. Such an arrangement increases throughput of the overall system where stations on a closed path have different dwell or process times. That is, pallets can continue to move around a closed path to minimize the non-working time of the station with the longest dwell or process time. In some embodiments, two or more pallets may have different speeds or accelerations depending on their respective positions along a closed path.

[0026] In addition to the above, introduced here are systems and methods for transferring pallets conveying garments between multiple parallel tracks. Transfer carriages may be configured to switch a pallet from running on a first track in a second direction to running on a second parallel track in a second and opposite direction. More than two tracks may be employed and stations of a printing system may be placed on the tracks according to the station process or dwell time to further increase capacity of the printing system. For example, if a print station of a printing system has the longest process time, two printing stations may be implemented on two separate tracks, such that two printing stations can operate at once. In this manner, stations may be arranged on the multiple tracks to reduce or eliminate single station bottlenecks, thereby further increasing throughput of the overall printing system.

[0027] As the print heads of systems described herein are fixed, it is desirable that the pallets moving the garments each have a precise position at each station so that printed image patterns on garments have a consistent position on each garment. Accordingly, the systems and approaches herein employ pallets having guiding tracks that ensure a repeatable position of a pallet (and carried garment) at each station. Additionally, as the pallets may be the only moving component in the system, the pallets can be more simply registered to stations on the closed path. Once the pallets are registered to the position of the stations on a closed path, there may be little regular maintenance needed to maintain the alignment of the stations and the pallets due to the fewer moving components. In someembodiments, a pallet may move between station along linear tracks. Such an arrangement may further simplify alignment between one or more stations, such as a print station, and pallets conveying garments to the one or more stations. For example, a print station may be moved in a direction transverse to the linear direction of the tracks to ensure a print area is aligned with a pallet moving on the tracks.

[0028] A garment printing system of exemplary embodiments herein implementing fixed stations including a fixed print station including a plurality of print heads, can:• Move pallets conveying garments independently from one another;• Increase throughput by minimizing or otherwise reducing downtime of the longest dwell or process time station;• Increase accuracy and precision of printing by eliminating moving print heads and other moving station components;• Simplify maintenance and installation of the print system; and• Simplify alignment of print heads with pallets conveying garments.Terminology

[0029] References in the present disclosure to “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” mean that the feature, function, structure, or characteristic being described is included in at least one embodiment. Occurrences of such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily referring to alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of one another.

[0030] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the terms “comprise,” “comprising,” and “comprised of” are to be construed in an inclusive sense rather than an exclusive or exhaustive sense. That is, in the sense of “including but not limited to.” The term “based on” is also to be construed in an inclusive sense. Thus, the term “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on.”

[0031] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” and variants thereof are intended to include any connection or coupling between two or more elements, either direct or indirect. Theconnection or coupling can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, elements may be electrically or communicatively coupled to one another despite not sharing a physical connection.

[0032] When used in reference to a list of multiple items, the word “or” is intended to cover all of the following interpretations: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of items in the list.Overview of Printing System

[0033] Printing systems of exemplary embodiments herein implement a closed path. Printing system may include a plurality of pallets (e.g., two or more) that move along the closed path. Each pallet may be configured to convey a single garment, such as a shirt, sweater, tank top, etc. Each pallet may also move independently on the closed path, such that the pallets may move at different speeds, start independently, and stop independently. The closed path may include a plurality of stations where various operations are performed to ultimately print an image pattern directly onto a garment. The stations may include, but are not limited to, a load / unload station, a pre-treatment station, a white printing station, a first radiation station, a color printing station, and a second radiation station. The closed path may start and end at the load / unload station, where an operator of the printing system may unload garments with a printed image pattern and may load a new garment without a printed image pattern. In the printing systems described herein, the various stations may be fixed in place, such that the sole moving component is the plurality of pallets. As noted above, such arrangements have benefits in improving throughput of the printing system, simplifying installation and alignment of the stations to pallets, and increasing reliability and reducing maintenance.

[0034] Figure 1 is a drawing illustrating a plan view of printing system 100, in accordance with one or more embodiments. Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of the printing system 100 of Figure 1. The system depicted in Figures 1 and 2 represents a mechanical solution for creating a closed track with the following characteristics: precise and accurate movement along the entire track, knowledge of individual pallet positions, and theability to maintain productivity when changing pallet sizes as a result of a single pass method.

[0035] The printing system 100 includes a closed path formed by first tracks 104, second tracks 1 12, third tracks 1 18, and fourth tracks 128, all of which are supported by a chassis 102. The printing system 100 includes a pallet 140 that moves along the closed path to stations. Specifically, in the arrangement of Figure 1 , the pallet 140 is configured to move from a load / unload station 144, a pre-treatment station 150, a first print station 160, a radiation station 170, and a second print station 180. After the second print station 180, the pallet is configured to return to the load / unload station 144. At the load / unload station, an operator 200 of the printing system 100 unloads any completed garment 142 from the pallet 140 and loads a new garment onto the pallet 140. As will be discussed further below, each of the stations is fixed relative to the chassis 102, such that the stations do not move relative to the chassis. Accordingly, in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the pallet 140 is the sole moving component of the printing system.

[0036] As shown in Figure 1 , the first tracks 104 extend in a first direction 105 from a first end 108 and a second end 1 10. A first track actuator 106 is configured to couple to the pallet 140 and move the pallet in the first direction. The first tracks 104 extend linearly. Accordingly, the first track actuator 106 is configured to move the pallet 140 linearly along the first tracks 104. In the arrangement of Figures 1 and 2, the pre-treatment station 150 is positioned above the first tracks 104. The second tracks 1 12 extend in a second direction1 13 from a first end 1 16 to a second end 1 17. In some embodiments as shown in Figure 1 , the second direction is parallel and opposite to the first direction. A second track actuator1 14 is configured to couple to a pallet disposed on the second tracks 112 and move the pallet in the second direction. The second tracks 1 12 also extend linearly. Accordingly, the second track actuator 1 14 is configured to move the pallet 140 linearly along the second tracks 1 12. In the arrangement of Figures 1 and 2, the first print station 160, radiation station 170, and second print station 180 are positioned above the second tracks 1 12. The first track actuator 106 and the second track actuator 114 may be any suitable actuator configured to move the pallet 140 linearly along the tracks. For example, the first and second track actuators may implement a linear motor arrangement (e.g., linear synchronous motors orlinear induction motors), rack and pinion arrangement, or lead screw arrangement, among others.

[0037] The third tracks 118 extend along a third axis 1 19 as shown in Figure 1. The third axis 1 19 is transverse to the first direction 105 and the second direction 113, such that the third tracks 1 18 connect the first tracks to the second tracks. Specifically, the third tracks 1 18 extend from the second end 110 of the first tracks 104 to the first end 116 of the second tracks 1 12. In some embodiments as shown in Figure 1 , the third axis 119 is perpendicular to the first tracks first direction 105 and the second direction 1 13. Accordingly, the first tracks 104, second tracks 1 12, and third tracks 118 may form three sides of a rectangle. The third tracks 1 18 are linear tracks and do not directly connect to the first tracks 104 or the second tracks 112. Rather, the third tracks 1 18 support a first transfer carriage 122 which is configured to move on the third tracks 1 18 linearly along the third axis 119. A third track actuator 120 is configured to move the first transfer carriage 122 back and forth along the third axis 1 19. In some embodiments, the third track actuator 120 includes a lead screw arrangement coupled to the first transfer carriage 122. The first transfer carriage includes fifth tracks 124 that are parallel to the first tracks 104 and the second tracks 1 12. The fifth tracks are configured to align with either the first tracks 104 or the second tracks 1 12 to allow the pallet 140 to move onto or off the first transfer carriage 122. Specifically, the first transfer carriage 122 is configured to receive the pallet 140 at the second end 110 of the first tracks 104 while the first tracks 104 are aligned with the fifth tracks 124. The first transfer carriage 122 is then configured to move along the third tracks 118 to the align the fifth tracks 124 with the first end 116 of the second tracks 1 12. Accordingly, by moving along the third axis 119, the first transfer carriage may move the pallet 140 from the first tracks 104 to the second tracks 1 12 so that the pallet can continue around the closed path. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first transfer carriage 122 includes stops 126 configured to stop the pallet 140 on the first transfer carriage and prevent the pallet from moving off the fifth tracks.

[0038] The fourth tracks 128 extend along a fourth axis 129 as shown in Figure 1 . The fourth axis 129 is also transverse to the first direction 105 and the second direction 113, such that the fourth tracks 128 connect the first tracks to the second tracks. Specifically, the fourth tracks 128 extend from the second end 1 10 of the second tracks 112 to the first endis perpendicular to the first direction 105 and the second direction 1 13. Accordingly, the first tracks 104, second tracks 1 12, and fourth tracks 128 may form three sides of a rectangle. Additionally, the first tracks 104, second tracks 1 12, third tracks 1 18, and fourth tracks 128 together form a rectangle. In other embodiments, the tracks together may form a parallelogram, or trapezoid. The fourth tracks 128 are linear tracks and do not directly connect to the first tracks 104 or the second tracks 112. Rather, like the third tracks 118, the fourth tracks 128 support a second transfer carriage 132 which is configured to move on the fourth tracks 128 linearly along the fourth axis 129. A fourth track actuator 130 is configured to move the second transfer carriage 132 back and forth along the fourth axis 129. The fourth track actuator 130 may also include a lead screw arrangement coupled to the second transfer carriage 132. The second transfer carriage includes sixth tracks 134 that are parallel to the first tracks 104 and the second tracks 112. The sixth tracks 134 are configured to align with either the first tracks 104 or the second tracks 1 12 to allow the pallet 140 to move onto or off the second transfer carriage 132 in a manner similar to that described above with reference to the first transfer carriage 122. Specifically, the second transfer carriage 132 is configured to receive the pallet 140 at the second end 117 of the second tracks 1 12 while the second tracks are aligned with the sixth tracks 134. The second transfer carriage 132 is then configured to move along the fourth tracks 128 to the align the sixth tracks 134 with the first end 108 of the first tracks 104. Accordingly, by moving along the fourth axis 129, the second transfer carriage 132 may move the pallet 140 from the second tracks 1 12 to the first tracks 104 so that the pallet can continue around the closed path. The second transfer carriage 132 also includes stops 136 configured to stop the pallet 140 on the second transfer carriage and prevent the pallet from moving off the sixth tracks.

[0039] In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the first transfer carriage 122 and the second transfer carriage 132 include fixed tracks (e.g., fifth tracks 124 and sixth tracks 134). Such an arrangement is appropriate where the first tracks 104 and the second tracks 112 are parallel to one another. In some other embodiments, a transfer carriage may include rotatable tracks that are able to adjust their angle to match the angle of the first and second tracks. In such embodiments, a transfer carriage may include an orientation actuator configured to change the orientation of the tracks.

[0040] The pre-treatment station 150 is configured to pre-treat a garment 142 on a pallet 140 prior to direct printing on the garment. The pre-treatment station 150 is fixed relative to the chassis in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. The pre-treatment station 150 includes a plurality of nozzles 152. The nozzles 152 are arranged in an array, such that when the pallet 140 is disposed beneath the pre-treatment station 150 the nozzles 152 are able to spray the entire garment. In some embodiments, the plurality of nozzles may have a coverage area approximately equal to the pallet 140. In some embodiments, a width of a coverage area (e.g., measured along the third axis 119 in Figure 1 ), of the plurality of nozzles 152 may be equal to or greater than a width of the pallet 140. Such an arrangement ensures full coverage of a garment, while each of the nozzles 152 remains fixed relative to the chassis 102. The plurality of nozzles 152 may be configured to spray precursors or primers onto a garment 142 prior to direct printing. The pre-treatment station 150 may also include radiation lamps 154 that emit at least one of ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, or microwave radiation toward the garments positioned at the pre-treatment station. The radiation emitted by the radiation lamps 154 may condition the precursors or primer for direct printing at the subsequent print station(s). In some embodiments, the radiation lamps 154 may have a coverage area with a width equal to or greater than a width of the pallet 140. Similar to the nozzles 152, this arrangement of the radiation lamps allows the radiation lamps 154 to remain fixed relative to a chassis 102 while ensuring full coverage of a garment. In some embodiments, the pretreatment station 150 may include a squeegee configured to allow a pretreatment compound to penetrate the garment 142. In some embodiments, the pretreatment station 150 may include a drying station for fixing the pretreatment compound. In some implementations, the radiation lamps 154 may form the drying station.

[0041] The printing system 100 of Figures 1 and 2 may implement a cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (CMYK) direct garment printing arrangement. The first printing station 160 is configured to print white on a garment 142 while the garment is positioned at the first printing station. The second printing station 180 is configured to print color on a garment 142 while the garment is positioned at the second printing station. The first printing station 160 includes a plurality of print heads 162 that are disposed in an array. In some embodiments as shown in Figure 1 , the print heads 162 have a coverage area width greater than or equal to a width of the pallet 140 (e.g., measure in a direction perpendicular to the second direction1 13). Accordingly, the print heads 162 of the first print station may be fixed to the chassis 102, such that they do not move relative to the chassis. The various print heads may be commanded to dispense ink onto a portion of the garment to form an overall image pattern. In some embodiments, the pallet 140 may move while the print heads 162 dispense ink onto the associated garment 142. The second printing station 180 also includes a plurality of print heads 182 that are fixed to the chassis 102. The second printing station includes print heads for cyan, magenta, and yellow, arranged in separate bays. Like the print heads 162 of the first print station 160, the print heads 182 of the second print station 180 have a coverage area width greater than or equal to a width of the pallet 140 (e.g., measured in a direction perpendicular to the second direction 1 13). Accordingly, a full image pattern may be printed onto a garment 142 in a single pass, without the print heads 182 moving. In some embodiments, the pallet 140 may move while the print heads 182 dispense ink onto the associated garment 142. The ink dispensed by the first print station 160 and the second print station 180 may be water-based ink, ultraviolet (UV) ink, dye-based ink, pigment-based ink, oil-based ink, and / or a solvent-based ink.

[0042] The radiation station 170 includes one or more radiation lamps 172 configured to emit at least one of ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, or microwave radiation toward the garments positioned at the radiation station. The radiation station 170 is positioned between the first print station 160 and the second print station 180. The radiation lamps 172 may be configured to transmit energy (e.g., via the emitted radiation) to the ink to evaporate water within the ink deposited by the first print station 160. As shown in Figure 1 , a coverage area width of the one or more radiation lamps 172 may be equal to or greater than a width of the pallet 140, in some embodiments. While in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 the radiation station is positioned between the first printing station 160 and the second printing station 180, in other embodiments the radiation station (or additional radiation stations), may be positioned after all print stations.

[0043] The approach implemented in the printing system 100 of Figures 1 and 2 has numerous benefits. As the first tracks 104 and the second tracks 1 12 allow for movement of the pallet 140 in respective single directions, the pre-treatment station, print stations 160, 180, and radiation station 170 may remain fixed to the chassis 102. Accordingly, the printingsystem 100 moves only the pallet, while retaining the ability to print onto a garment 142 in a single pass. Each station’s coverage area may be aligned with the linear tracks, such that the coverage area overlaps with an entire print area on a garment 142. As the stations do not include moving components, the image patterns printed by the printing system 100 may have high precision and repeatability, thereby improving overall quality of the printing. Additionally, the rectangular arrangement of the tracks allows for a compact design where the various stations can be centrally located in the system.

[0044] While one pallet 140 is shown in the example of Figures 1 and 2, the printing system 100 may include a plurality of pallets 140 that may move independently along the tracks 104, 112. The track actuators 106 and 114 may move the pallets each independently from one another, such that each pallet may move at different speeds as well as start and stop at different times or locations. Such an arrangement may increase overall throughput of the printing system, for example, by maximizing uptime of the slowest station. For example, if the pretreatment station process takes 20 seconds, the first print station 160 takes 40 seconds, the radiation station 170 takes 10 seconds, and the second print station 180 takes 20 seconds, the pallets 140 may be moved to queue at the first print station 160. If the pallets moved together and non-independently, the transit time between the pretreatment station and the first station would be non-working time for the first print station. Accordingly, the printing system 100 may queue pallets at the next station even if the station is in use by implementing independent movement of the pallets, which reduces the nonworking time of all stations, and thereby increases overall throughput. The station process times provided above are for example only, and the benefits apply regardless of which station process time is longest.

[0045] While a two-track approach is implemented in the printing system 100 of Figures 1 and 2, any suitable number of tracks may be implemented in printing systems according to other embodiments herein. For example, the first tracks by be a single first track, the second tracks may be a single second track, and so on.

[0046] In some embodiments, additional tracks and stations may be implemented in a printing system. For example, in some embodiments, seventh tracks may be arranged parallel to the first tracks 104 and the second tracks 112. The first transfer carriage 122 andthe second transfer carriage 132 may move pallets between the seventh tracks, first tracks, and second tracks in a manner like that described above. A second printing station may be positioned above the seventh tracks, such that the printing station has two printing stations in parallel. For example, the seventh tracks an associated stations may be a copy of the second tracks 112 and associated stations. Accordingly, in the case that the stations associated with the second tracks 112 have the longest process time, a pallet may be transferred from the first tracks 104 by the first transfer carriage 122 to either the second tracks 1 12 or the seventh tracks, doubling the throughput through those stations. The second transfer carriage 132 may then move the pallets from either the second tracks 112 or the seventh tracks back to the load / unload station 144 on the first tracks 104. The printing station may be expanded to more tracks as desired by implementing the transfer carriage functionality discussed herein.

[0047] Figures 3A-3E are drawings illustrating the operation of a transfer carriage 122 to transfer a pallet 140 from a first track 104 to a second track 1 12. As shown in Figure 3A, the pallet 140 moves from the first track 104 onto the transfer carriage 122. Specifically, when the transfer carriage is aligned with the first track, the pallet 140 is able to roll onto the transfer carriage, as shown in Figure 3B. Once the pallet 140 is supported by the transfer carriage, the transfer carriage may move the pallet 140 toward the second track 1 12 until the transfer carriage is aligned with the second track, as shown in Figure 3C. Once the transfer carriage 132 is aligned with the second track 112, the pallet 140 may move off the transfer carriage on onto the second track. In this manner, the transfer carriage may transfer a pallet from a first track to a second track as a part of a closed path of the pallet.

[0048] Figure 3E is a drawing illustrating one arrangement for a transfer carriage 122 providing the functionality discussed above with reference to Figures 3A-3D. The transfer carriage is configured to move on third tracks 118. The transfer carriage itself includes transfer tracks 124 that are configured to receive a pallet. The transfer carriage is coupled to a lead screw 300 which has an input shaft 302 that may be coupled to a transfer carriage actuator. Rotation of the lead screw 300 may move the transfer carriage along an axis 119. Stops 126 are included on the transfer carriage to stop a pallet on the transfer tracks 124.The transfer tracks 124 are configured to selectively align with the first track(s) 104 and the second track(s) 112 to allow transfer of a pallet.

[0049] Figure 4A is a drawing illustrating a cross section of the printing system of Figure 1 taken along line 4A-4A. Figure 4A illustrates the plurality of nozzles 152 arranged across a width of the pallet 140 to ensure complete coverage on a garment placed on the pallet. In the example of Figure 4A, four nozzles are implemented in an array across the width of the pallet. In other embodiments, any number of nozzles may be used. Figure 4A also illustrates the coupling between the pallet 140 and the first tracks 104 of the printing system. Specifically, the pallet 140 includes wheels 402 that contact the first tracks 104. Additionally, the pallet 140 includes an actuator trolley 107 coupled to actuator tracks 400 via trolley wheels 404. The first track actuator 106 also includes a linear motor 406 configured to apply linear force to the actuator trolley 107 to move the pallet 140 along the first tracks 104.

[0050] Figure 4B is a drawing illustrating a cross section of the printing system of Figure 1 taken along line 4B-4B. Figure 4B illustrates the plurality of print heads 162 arranged across a width of the pallet 140 to ensure complete coverage on a garment placed on the pallet. Specifically, the print heads are positioned in an array across the width of the pallet 140. Figure 4B also illustrates the coupling between the pallet 140 and the second tracks 1 12 of the printing system. As in Figure 4A, the wheels 402 of the pallet 140 contact the second tracks 1 12. Additionally, the actuator trolley 107 is coupled to actuator tracks 400 of the second track actuator 114 via trolley wheels 404. Like the first track actuator, the second track actuator 1 14 also includes a linear motor 408 configured to apply linear force to the actuator trolley 107 to move the pallet 140 along the second tracks 1 12.

[0051] Figure 5 is a plan view of a printing system 500, in accordance with one or more embodiments. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the printing system of Figure 1 . The system depicted in Figures 5 and 6 represents another mechanical solution for creating a closed track with the following characteristics: precise and accurate movement along the entire track, knowledge of individual pallet positions, and the ability to maintain productivity when changing pallet sizes as a result of a single pass method.

[0052] The printing system 100 of Figures 5 and 6 includes a plurality of stations to allow direct printing on a garment. Specifically, like the example of Figures 1 and 2, theprinting system 500 includes a load / unload station 144, a pre-treatment station 150, a first printing station 160, a radiation station 170, and a second printing station. These stations have the same exemplary arrangement and functional as described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2. However, the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 includes a different closed path from the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.

[0053] The printing system 500 includes a chassis 502 supporting a guide rail 504 and a platform 506. The guide rail 504 is shaped as racetrack and forms the closed path for a pallet 510. The pallet 510 is configured to support a garment and convey the garment around the closed path. The pallet 510 is supported by the guide rail 504, which is in turn supported by the platform 506. The guide rail 504 precisely positions the platform as the pallet moves around the guide rail. The position of the pallet in the plane of the platform is controlled by the guide rail. Accordingly, the pallet (and associated garment) can be precisely positioned at each of the stations by the guide rail, such that the stations may be fixed to the chassis 502.

[0054] The printing system 500 includes a belt drive system for the pallet 510 and other pallets (not shown). The belt drive system will be discussed further with reference to Figure 8. The belt drive system includes a plurality of belts 600, 602, 604, 606. One of the plurality of belts is coupled to the pallet 510 and is configured to move the pallet along the guide rail 504 to each of the stations. The belts are supported by pulley assemblies 508, which are also described further below in reference to Figure 8. A drive belt 600 may be driven continuously, and a first belt 602, second belt 604, and third belt 606, may be selectively driven by the drive belt. One of the first belt 602, second belt 604, and third belt 606 is coupled to the pallet 510. The other belts may be coupled to additional pallets, so that the pallets may be driven and moved around the guide rail 504 independently from one another.

[0055] Figure 7 is a drawing illustrating a track system for a printing system. As shown in Figure 7, the chassis 502 of the track system supports a platform 506 and a guide rail 504. The guide rail has a rectangular cross section and extends continuously to form a closed path. The guide frail of Figure 7 is shaped as a racetrack. The guide rail 504 is supported above the platform 506 by a plurality of central supports 700. The guide rail 504 overhangs the central supports 700. The pallet 510 includes a truck 702 that supports thepallet. The truck includes guide wheels 704 that engage the guide rail 504 and allow the pallet to roll along the guide rail. The arrangement of Figure 7 may allow the pallet 510 to roll freely along the guide rail 504. The pallet may be drive along the guide rail 504 via an external drive system, such as that discussed below with reference to Figure 8. In other embodiments, the truck 702 may include one or more motors configured to rotate the guide wheels 704 to move the pallet along the guide rail.

[0056] Figure 8 is a drawing illustrating a drive system for a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments. As shown in Figure 8, the drive system include multiple pulley assemblies 508 (for example, four pulley assemblies arranged at each corner of the printing system). Each pulley assembly 508 includes a drive pulley 800, a first pulley 802, a second pulley 804, and a third pulley 806. The number of pulleys can be reduced or expanded according to the number of pallets 510 employed on the printing system. In the example of Figure 8, three pallets may be supported by the drive system, with two shown. In other embodiments, additionally pallets may be employed with the commensurate number of pulleys. The drive pulley 800 is driven continuously by an actuator 808 such an AC or DC motor.

[0057] The actuator 808 is coupled to the drive pulley 800 by a transmission 810. The transmission 810 may be configured to selectively couple the first pulley 802, second pulley 804, and third pulley 806 to the drive pulley 800. When coupled, the pulleys may move with the drive pulley. When decoupled, the pulleys may not move with the drive pulley, and may come to a stop. Accordingly, by selectively coupling the pulleys to the drive pulley, the transmission 810 may control independent movement of multiple pallets 510, each associated with its own pulley. For example, if all pulleys are coupled to the drive pulley 800, all pallets 510 may move together around the track. However, by decoupling one or more pulleys from the drive pulley 800, certain pallets can be stopped (e.g., at stations).

[0058] The arrangement of Figure 8 may allow for a single actuator 808 and transmission 810 to drive all four pulley assemblies 508, as the pulley assemblies are connected by the drive belt 600 and the first belt 602, second belt 604, and the third belt 606. The drive belt may couple each of the drive pulleys 800 in each pulley assembly 508 to rotate together. The first belt 602 may couple each of the first pulleys 802 in each pulleyassembly 508 to rotate together. The second belt 604 may couple each of the second pulleys 804 in each pulley assembly 508 to rotate together. The third belt 606 may couple each of the third pulleys 806 in each pulley assembly 508 to rotate together. This pattern may be expanded or contracted as appropriate for additional or fewer pallets 510.

[0059] Figure 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for operating a printing system, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some examples, acts of the process are performed by a printing system or a computer system. Some embodiments include different and / or additional acts or perform acts in different orders or simultaneously.

[0060] In act 902, a garment is placed on a first pallet at a load / unload station on a closed path of track mechanism. The first garment may be placed on the first pallet by an operator of the printing system, in some embodiments. The track mechanism may include one or more tracks, as well as an associated drive system configured to move the first pallet on the one or more tracks. While the garment is placed on the first pallet, optionally other pallets may move along the closed path.

[0061] In act 904, the first pallet is moved along the closed path to a print station located on the closed path. The first pallet may be moved by a drive system. The drive system may include one or more actuators configured to move the pallet on one or more tracks. The drive system may include motors configured to drive wheels or pulleys, one or more linear motors, or another arrangement.

[0062] In act 906, ink is deposited onto the first garment with one or more print heads to form an image pattern on the first garment while the first pallet is positioned at the print station. In some embodiments, the first pallet may move while the ink is deposited onto the first garment. In other embodiments, the first pallet may be stationary while the ink is deposited onto the first garment. The one or more print heads may be stationary and not move.

[0063] In act 908, a second garment is placed on a second pallet at the load / unload station. In some embodiments, act 908 may occur prior to or at the same time as act 906. The first pallet and second pallet may both be on the closed path at different locations and may move independently along the closed path.

[0064] In act 910, the second pallet is moved along the closed path to the print station located on the closed path. The first pallet may also be moved by the drive system. The drive system may be configured to move the first pallet and the second pallet independently.

[0065] In act 912, the first pallet is moved back to the load / unload station after the image pattern is formed on the first garment. The first garment may be removed at the load / unload station by the operator of the printing system. In this manner, the operator may remain at the same location to load and unload garments, while the pallets move around the closed path.

[0066] In act 914, ink is deposited onto the second garment with the one or more print heads to form an image pattern on the second garment while the second pallet is positioned at the print station. In some embodiments, the image pattern may be same image pattern formed on the first garment. In other embodiments, the image pattern formed on the second garment may be different than the image pattern formed on the first garment.

[0067] In act 916, the second pallet is moved back to the load / unload station after the image pattern is formed on the second garment. The second garment may be removed at the load / unload station by the operator of the printing system. The process may be repeated to continuously form image patterns on garments in a single pass (e.g., each garment may be completed with a transit of the closed path once).

[0068] The process of Figure 9 may be extended to more than two pallets, in some embodiments. For example, a third garment may be loaded on a third pallet. The third pallet may move along the closed path independently of the first and second pallets and ink may be deposited on the third garment using one or more print heads to create an image pattern. Meanwhile, the first and second pallets can continue along the closed path, passing through a potential second print station and / or post-treatment station. Simultaneously, a fourth garment may be loaded onto an eventual fourth pallet. The fourth pallet may move along the closed path independently of the first, second, and third pallets. Ink may be deposited onto the fourth garment using one or more print heads to create an image pattern. Meanwhile, the second and third pallets can continue along the closed path, passing through a potential second print station or post-treatment station. Meanwhile, the first pallet has completed theclosed path and has arrived at the load / unload station. Any number of pallets may be implemented in other embodiments, as the present disclosure is not so limited.

[0069] Figure 10 is a block diagram illustrating a perspective view of a printing system 1000, in accordance with one or more embodiments. The printing system 1000 includes a printer head 1006, at least one light source 1012, and a transfer belt 1002. Embodiments may also include other components, e.g., a dryer. For example, the light source 1012 is present in some embodiments, but not in others. As another example, a dryer is included if an image 1010 will not be quickly transferred to a garment. In some examples, while the printing system 1000 of Figure 1 includes a transfer belt 1002, other means for conveying and / or retaining a transfer material 1004 are used, such as independently moving pallets as discussed above with reference to Figures 1 -2 and 5-6.

[0070] The printer head 1006 is configured to deposit ink onto a transfer material 1004 in the form of an image 1010. The transfer material 1004, which also referred to herein as a former material, is flexible, which allows the image 1010 to be transferred to complex-shaped substrates. In one example, the transfer material 1004 is a rubber former, a thermoformable material, etc. In some embodiments, the printer head 1006 is an inkjet printer head that jets ink onto the transfer material 1004 using, for example, piezoelectric nozzles. Thermal printer heads are generally avoided in an effort to avoid premature sublimation of the ink. In some embodiments, the ink is a solid energy, e.g., UV curable ink. However, other inks are also used, such as water-based energy curable inks or solvent-based energy curable inks. According to different embodiments, ink is deposited in different forms, such as ink droplets and colored polyester ribbons.

[0071] In some embodiments, one or more light sources 1012 cure some or all of the ink deposited onto the transfer material 1004 by emitting UV radiation. In some examples, the light source(s) 1012 is any combination of UV fluorescent bulbs, UV light emitting diodes (LEDs), low-pressure, e.g., mercury (Hg), bulbs, or excited dimer (excimer) lamps and / or lasers. Various combinations of these light sources could be used. In some examples, a printing system 1000 includes a low-pressure Hg lamp and a UV LED. The light source 1012 may be configured to emit UV radiation of a particular subtype.

[0072] The printer head 1006 and light source 1012 are illustrated as being directly adjacent to one another, i.e., neighboring without any intervening components. However, in other embodiments, additional components that assist in printing, curing, etc., are also present. In some examples, multiple distinct light sources 1012 is positioned behind the printer head 1006. Figure 10 illustrates one possible order in which components are arranged in order to print an image 1010 onto the transfer material 1004. Other embodiments are considered in which additional components are placed before, between, or after the illustrated components, etc.

[0073] In some embodiments, one or more of the aforementioned components are housed within one or more stations. For example, the printer head 1006 is housed within a printing station 1008, the light source 1012 is housed within a radiation station 1014, etc. In addition to protecting the components from damage, the stations, in some examples, also serve other benefits. For example, the curing radiation station 1014 limits what part(s) of the transfer material 1004 and image 1010 are exposed during the curing process. The stations may be fixedly attached to a track or chassis of the printing system 1000. The transfer material 1004 is moved in relation to the printer head 1006, light source 1012, etc., such that ink is deposited onto the transfer material 1004.

[0074] In various embodiments, some or all of the components are controlled by a computer system 1016. In some examples, the computer system 1016 allows a user to input printing instructions and information, modify print settings, e.g., by changing cure settings, alter the printing process, etc.

[0075] Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating a side view of a printing system 1100, including a printer head 1102 and a light source 1 104, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some examples, the printer head 1102 includes distinct ink / color drums, e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (CMYK), or colored polyester ribbons that are deposited onto the surface of a transfer material 1 106. Path A represents the media feed direction, e.g., the direction in which the transfer material 1 106 travels during the printing process. Path D represents the distance between the printer head 1102 and the surface of the transfer material 1106.

[0076] In some embodiments, a light source 1 104 cures some or all of the ink 1 108 deposited onto the transfer material 1106 by the printer head 1102. In some examples, the light source 1 104 is configured to emit wavelengths of UV electromagnetic radiation of subtype V (UVV), subtype A (UVA), subtype B (UVB), subtype C (UVC), or any combination thereof. Generally, UVV wavelengths are those wavelengths measured between 395 nanometers (nm) and 445 nm, UVA wavelengths measure between 315 nm and 395 nm, UVB wavelengths measure between 280 nm and 315 nm, and UVC wavelengths measure between 100 nm and 280 nm. However, one skilled in the art will recognize these ranges are somewhat adjustable. For example, some embodiments characterize wavelengths of 285 nm as UVC.

[0077] In some examples, the light source 1 104 is, for example, a fluorescent bulb, a light emitting diode (LED), a low-pressure, e.g., mercury (Hg), bulb, or an excited dimer (excimer) lamp / laser. Combinations of different light sources could be used in some embodiments. Generally, the light source 1 104 is selected to ensure that the curing temperature does not exceed the temperature at which the ink 1 108 begins to sublime. For example, a light source may be a UV LED lamp that generates low heat output and is used for a wider range of former types. UV LED lamps are associated with lower power consumption, longer lifetimes, and more predictable power output.

[0078] Alternatively, or additionally, other curing processes are also used, such as epoxy (resin) chemistries, flash curing, and electron beam technology. One skilled in the art will appreciate that many different curing processes could be adopted that utilize specific timeframes, intensities, rates, etc. In some embodiments, the intensity increases or decreases linearly or non-linearly, e.g., exponentially, logarithmically. In some embodiments, the intensity is altered using a variable resistor or alternatively by applying a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal to the diodes in the case of an LED light source. In some examples, the light is modulated using amplitude modulation, polarization modulation, frequency modulation (e.g., as in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)), phase modulation (e.g., angle phase control), temporal modulation, and / or the like.

[0079] Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example computer system 1200, in accordance with one or more embodiments. In some examples, the computer system 1200includes one or more central processing units (“processors”) 1202, main memory 1206, nonvolatile memory 1210, network adapter 1212 (e.g., network interface), video display 1218, input / output devices 1220, control device 1222 (e.g., keyboard and pointing devices), drive unit 1224 including a storage medium 1226, and a signal generation device 1230 that are communicatively connected to a bus 1216. The bus 1216 is illustrated as an abstraction that represents one or more physical buses and / or point-to-point connections that are connected by appropriate bridges, adapters, or controllers. In some examples, the bus 1216, therefore, includes a system bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or PCI-Express bus, a HyperTransport or industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), an IIC (I2C) bus, or an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 1394 bus (also referred to as “Firewire”).

[0080] In some examples, the computer system 1200 shares a similar computer processor architecture as that of a desktop computer, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, game console, music player, wearable electronic device (e.g., a watch or fitness tracker), network-connected (“smart”) device (e.g., a television or home assistant device), virtual / augmented reality system (e.g., a head-mounted display), or another electronic device capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify action(s) to be taken by the computer system 1200.

[0081] While the main memory 1206, non-volatile memory 1210, and storage medium 1226 (also called a “machine-readable medium”) are shown to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” and “storage medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized / distributed database and / or associated caches and servers) that store one or more sets of instructions 1228. The term “machine-readable medium” and “storage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the computer system 1200.

[0082] In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module, or sequence of instructions (collectively referred to as“computer programs”). The computer programs typically include one or more instructions (e.g., instructions 1204, 1208, 1228) set at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computing device. When read and executed by the one or more processors 1202, the instruction(s) cause the computer system 1200 to perform operations to execute elements involving the various aspects of the disclosure.

[0083] Moreover, while embodiments have been described in the context of fully functioning computing devices, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms. The disclosure applies regardless of the particular type of machine or computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution.

[0084] Further examples of machine-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or computer-readable media include recordable-type media such as volatile and nonvolatile memory 1210, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs)), and transmission-type media such as digital and analog communication links.

[0085] The network adapter 1212 enables the computer system 1200 to mediate data in a network 1214 with an entity that is external to the computer system 1200 through any communication protocol supported by the computer system 1200 and the external entity. In some examples, the network adapter 1212 includes a network adapter card, a wireless network interface card, a router, an access point, a wireless router, a switch, a multilayer switch, a protocol converter, a gateway, a bridge, a bridge router, a hub, a digital media receiver, and / or a repeater.

[0086] In some embodiments, the network adapter 1212 includes a firewall that governs and / or manages permission to access / proxy data in a computer network and tracks varying levels of trust between different machines and / or applications. In some examples, the firewall is any number of modules having any combination of hardware and / or software components able to enforce a predetermined set of access rights between a particular set of machines and applications, machines and machines, and / or applications and applications (e.g., to regulate the flow of traffic and resource sharing between these entities). In some embodiments, the firewall additionally manages and / or has access to an access control listthat details permissions including the access and operation rights of an object by an individual, a machine, and / or an application, and the circumstances under which the permission rights stand.

[0087] According to some embodiments, the techniques introduced here are implemented by programmable circuitry (e.g., one or more microprocessors), software and / or firmware, special-purpose hardwired (i.e., non-programmable) circuitry, or a combination of such forms. In some examples, special-purpose circuitry is in the form of one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0088] The description and drawings herein are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, well-known details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description. Further, various modifications can be made without deviating from the scope of the embodiments.

[0089] The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used to describe the disclosure are discussed above, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidance to the practitioner regarding the description of the disclosure. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example using italics and / or quotation marks. The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaning of a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the same context, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated that the same thing can be said in more than one way. One will recognize that “memory” is one form of a “storage” and that the terms may on occasion be used interchangeably.

[0090] Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, but no special significance is to be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any term discussed herein is illustrative only and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosureor of any exemplified term. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification.

[0091] It is to be understood that the embodiments and variations shown and described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and that various modifications may be implemented by those skilled in the art.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:1 . A garment printing system, comprising: a chassis; a track mechanism attached to the chassis, the track mechanism comprising: a closed path including a plurality of stations positioned at different locations along the closed path, wherein the plurality of stations includes at least a load / unload station and a printing station, a first pallet configured to receive and support a first garment, wherein the first pallet is configured to move the first garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, and a second pallet configured to receive and support a second garment, wherein the second pallet is configured to move the second garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, wherein the second pallet is configured to move independently from the first pallet along the closed path; and one or more print heads fixed relative to the chassis, wherein the one or more print heads are configured to deposit ink onto the first garment and the second garment to form an image pattern while the first pallet or the second pallet is positioned at the printing station, respectively.

2. The garment printing system of claim 1 , further comprising: a drive belt extending along the closed path and operatively coupled to a driving pulley; an actuator configured to drive the drive belt; a first pallet belt extending along the closed path and operatively coupled to the first pallet, wherein the first pallet belt is operatively coupled to a first pulley;a second pallet belt extending along the closed path and operatively coupled to the second pallet, wherein the second pallet belt is operatively coupled to a second pulley; and a transmission configured to selectively couple the driving pulley to the first pulley and / or the second pulley.

3. The garment printing system of claim 1 , wherein the closed path comprises a guide rail, and wherein the first pallet and the second pallet include guide wheels engaged with the guide rail.

4. The garment printing system of claim 3, wherein the guide rail has a racetrack shape.

5. The garment printing system of claim 1 , wherein the closed path comprises: a first track extending in a first direction from a first end to a second end, wherein the first track is configured to move the first pallet and the second pallet in the first direction, a second track extending in a second direction from a first end of the second track to a second end of the second track, wherein the second track is configured to move the first pallet and the second pallet in the second direction; a third track extending along a third axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the third track is positioned adjacent a second end of the first track and a first end of the second track; a fourth track extending along a fourth axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the fourth track is positioned adjacent the first end of the first track and the second end of the second track; a first transfer carriage disposed on the third track, wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to move along the third axis, and wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to receive the first pallet or the second pallet at the second end of the first track and transfer the first pallet or the second pallet to the first end of the second track; anda second transfer carriage disposed on the fourth track, wherein the second transfer carriage is configured to move along the fourth axis, and wherein the second transfer carriage is configured to receive the first pallet or the second pallet at the second end of the second track and transfer the first pallet or the second pallet to the first end of the first track.

6. The garment printing system of claim 1 , further comprising a pre-treatment system positioned at a pre-treatment station on the closed path including one or more nozzles configured to spray the first garment and the second garment while the first pallet and the second pallet are positioned at the pre-treatment station, respectively.

7. The garment printing system of claim 6, wherein the pre-treatment station is disposed between the load / unload station and the printing station on the closed path.

8. The garment printing system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more radiation lamps positioned at a radiation station on the closed path that emit at least one of ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, or microwave radiation toward the first garment and the second garment while the first pallet and the second pallet are positioned at the radiation station, respectively.

9. The garment printing system of claim 8, wherein the one or more radiation lamps transmit energy to the ink to evaporate water within the ink.

10. The garment printing system of claim 1 , wherein the ink is a water-based ink, ultraviolet (UV) ink, dye-based ink, pigment-based ink, oil-based ink, and / or a solventbased ink.1 1. A method of operating a garment printing system, the method comprising: placing a first garment on a first pallet at a load / unload station on a closed path of a track mechanism;moving the first pallet along the closed path to a printing station on the closed path; depositing ink onto the first garment with one or more print heads to form an image pattern on the first garment while the first pallet is positioned at the printing station, wherein the one or more print heads are fixed relative to a chassis of the garment printing system; placing a second garment on a second pallet at the load / unload station on the closed path of the track mechanism; moving the second pallet along the closed path to the printing station independently of the first pallet; moving the first pallet back to the load / unload station after the image pattern is formed on the first garment; depositing ink onto the second garment with the one or more print heads to form an image pattern on the second garment while the second pallet is positioned at the printing station; and moving the second pallet back to the load / unload station after the image pattern is formed on the second garment.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein moving the first pallet comprises: driving a drive belt with an actuator, wherein driving the drive belt rotates a driving pulley; coupling the driving pulley to a first pulley with a transmission; and driving a first pallet belt operatively coupled to the first pallet with the first pulley.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein moving the second pallet comprises: coupling the driving pulley to a second pulley with the transmission; and driving a second pallet belt operatively coupled to the second pallet with the second pulley.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein moving the first pallet comprises engaging a guide rail with one or more guide wheels of the first pallet, and wherein moving the second pallet comprises engaging the guide rail with one or more guide wheels of the second pallet.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the guide rail has a racetrack shape.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the closed path comprises: a first track extending in a first direction from a first end to a second end, wherein the method comprises moving the first pallet and the second pallet along the first track in the first direction, a second track extending in a second direction from a first end of the second track to a second end of the second track, wherein the method comprises moving the first pallet and the second pallet along the second track in the second direction; a third track extending along a third axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the third track is positioned adjacent a second end of the first track and a first end of the second track; a fourth track extending along a fourth axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the fourth track is positioned adjacent the first end of the first track and the second end of the second track; a first transfer carriage disposed on the third track, wherein the method further comprises moving the first transfer carriage along the third axis, wherein the method further comprises receiving the first pallet with the first transfer carriage at the second end of the first track, and wherein the method further comprising transferring the first pallet to the first end of the second track with the first transfer carriage; and a second transfer carriage disposed on the fourth track, wherein the method further comprises moving the second transfer carriage along the fourth axis, wherein the method further comprises receiving the first pallet with the second transfer carriage at the second end of the second track, and wherein the method further comprising transferring the first pallet to the first end of the first track with the second transfer carriage.

17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising spraying the first garment and the second garment with one or more pre-treatment nozzles while the first pallet and the second pallet are positioned at a pre-treatment station, respectively, wherein the pretreatment station is positioned on the closed path between the load / unload station and the printing station.

18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising emitting at least one of ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, or microwave radiation toward the first garment and the second garment with one or more radiation lamps while the first pallet and the second pallet are positioned at a radiation station, respectively, wherein the radiation station is positioned between the printing station and the load / unload station.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more radiation lamps transmit energy to the ink to evaporate water within the ink.

20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the ink is a water-based ink, ultraviolet (UV) ink, dye-based ink, pigment-based ink, oil-based ink, and / or a solvent-based ink.21 . A garment printing system, comprising: a pallet; a track system configured to move the pallet along a closed path, the track system comprising: a first track extending in a first direction from a first end to a second end, wherein the first track is configured to move the pallet in the first direction, a second track extending in a second direction from a first end of the second track to a second end of the second track, wherein the second track is configured to move the pallet in the second direction, a third track extending along a third axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the third track is positioned adjacent a second end of the first track and a first end of the second track,a fourth track extending along a fourth axis transverse to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the fourth track is positioned adjacent the first end of the first track and the second end of the second track, a first transfer carriage disposed on the third track, wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to move along the third axis, and wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to receive the pallet at the second end of the first track and transfer the pallet to the first end of the second track, and a second transfer carriage disposed on the fourth track, wherein the second transfer carriage is configured to move along the fourth axis, and wherein the second transfer carriage is configured to receive the pallet at the second end of the second track and transfer the pallet to the first end of the first track; and one or more print heads configured to deposit ink onto a garment disposed on the pallet to form an image pattern while the pallet is positioned at a printing station on the closed path.

22. The garment printing system of claim 21 , wherein the first track, the second track, the third track, and the fourth track form a rectangle.

23. The garment printing system of claim 21 , wherein the first track and the second track are disposed on a first plane, and wherein the third track and the fourth track are disposed on a second plane different than the first plane.

24. The garment printing system of claim 21 , wherein the first direction and the second direction are parallel and opposite to one another.

25. The garment printing system of claim 24, wherein the first transfer carriage includes a fifth track extending in a direction parallel to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to move along the third track between a first track position and a second track position, wherein in the first track position the fifth track is aligned with the second end of the first track such that thepallet can move onto the fifth track from the first track, and wherein in the second track position the fifth track is aligned with the first end of the second track such that pallet can move onto the second track from the fifth track.

26. The garment printing system of claim 24, wherein the second transfer carriage includes a sixth track extending in a direction parallel to the first direction and the second direction, wherein the first transfer carriage is configured to move along the fourth track between a third track position and a fourth track position, wherein in the third track position the sixth track is aligned with the second end of the second track such that the pallet can move onto the sixth track from the second track, and wherein in the fourth track position the sixth track is aligned with the first end of the first track such that the pallet can move onto the first track from the sixth track.

27. The garment printing system of claim 21 , wherein the track system further comprises: a seventh track extending in the second direction from a first end of the seventh track to a second end of the seventh track, wherein the seventh track is configured to move the pallet in the second direction, wherein: the first transfer carriage is configured to receive the pallet at the second end of the first track and transfer the pallet to the first end of the seventh track, and the second transfer carriage is configured to receive the pallet at the second end of the seventh track and transfer the pallet to the first end of the first track.

28. A garment printing system, comprising: a track mechanism comprising: a closed path with access to a plurality of stations positioned at different locations along the closed path, wherein the plurality of stations includes at least a load / unload station and a printing station,a first pallet configured to receive and support a first garment, wherein the first pallet is configured to move the first garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, and a second pallet configured to receive and support a second garment, wherein the second pallet is configured to move the second garment to the plurality of stations along the closed path, wherein the second pallet is configured to move independently from the first pallet along the closed path; when said first and second pallets are positioned along the track at the printing station one or more print heads at said printing station are operable to deposit ink onto the first garment and the second garment to form an image pattern, respectively.

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