Pharmaceutical agent-integrin ligand conjugates for muscle delivery

Abstract

The present disclosure provides methods of treating, preventing, or diagnosing muscle diseases in a subject in need thereof using a conjugate of Formula I: (I), wherein each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; and each instance of R1 is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent (e.g., an oligonucleotide). The conjugate may be able to selectively deliver the pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of the subject.

Description

[0001] PHARMACEUTICAL AGENT-INTEGRIN LIGAND CONJUGATES FOR MUSCLE DELIVERY

[0002] RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 589975, filed October 12, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] In the use of pharmaceutical agents (e.g., oligonucleotides) in therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic applications, it is often desirable that the pharmaceutical agents be delivered to a specific location (for example, to desired cell(s), to a desired organ or tissue, or to a particular location in a subject) to enhance the therapeutic or prophylactic effect or to be advantageous for diagnostic purposes. This is frequently the case when attempting to deliver a pharmaceutical agent in vivo. Further, being able to efficiently deliver a pharmaceutical agent to a specific location can limit or potentially eliminate unintended consequences (such as off-target effects) that may be caused by administration of the pharmaceutical agent. One strategy to facilitate delivery of a pharmaceutical to a desired location in vivo, is by linking or attaching the pharmaceutical agent to a targeting ligand.

[0006] One class of pharmaceutical agents that can be targeted using targeting ligands are oligomeric compounds, such as, for example, proteins, peptides, antibodies, and oligonucleotides. Oligomeric compounds that include nucleotide sequences (e.g., oligonucleotides) at least partially complementary to a target nucleic acid have been shown to alter the function and activity of the target both in vitro and in vivo. When delivered to a cell containing a target nucleic acid (such as mRNA or pre-mRNA), oligonucleotides have been shown to modulate the expression or activity of the target nucleic acid. In certain instances, the oligonucleotide can reduce the expression of the gene by inhibiting translation of the nucleic acid target and / or triggering the degradation of the target nucleic acid.

[0007] If the target nucleic acid is mRNA, one mechanism by which an oligonucleotide can modulate the expression of the mRNA target is through RNA interference. RNA interference is a biological process by which RNA or RNA-like compounds (such as chemically modified RNA compounds) are able to silence gene expression, at least in part, through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway. Additionally, oligonucleotides can modulate the expression of a target nucleic acid, such as a target mRNA, through an RNase recruitment mechanism, microRNA mechanisms, occupancy-based mechanisms, and editing mechanisms. Oligonucleotides may be single-stranded or double- stranded. Oligonucleotides may comprise DNA, RNA, and RNA-like compounds, which can also include modified nucleosides including one or more modified sugars, modified nucleobases, and modified internucleoside linkages. There is a need for new methods for delivering pharmaceutical agents to a muscle of a subject. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. α4β1 / 7integrin receptors may be expressed (e.g., selectively expressed) in muscle cells. The conjugates may be useful for delivering pharmaceutical agents to a muscle (e.g., muscle cell) of a subject (e.g., a human). In some embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an oligonucleotide. The conjugates may be useful in treating, preventing, or diagnosing a muscle disease. In some embodiments, the α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is capable of selectively targeting a muscle (e.g., muscle cell) of a subject. In some embodiments, the α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is capable of selectively targeting a particular type of muscle cell (e.g., a skeletal muscle cell, cardiac muscle cell, smooth muscle cell). In some embodiments, the α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is capable of selectively binding to or otherwise selectively recognizing one or more receptors on a muscle cell. The conjugate may be advantageous over the pharmaceutical agent not conjugated with an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand because the former may show higher potency, efficacy, bioavailability, safety, and / or subject compliance; wider therapeutic window; fewer and / or less severe side effects; and / or lower toxicity and / or resistance to treatment than the latter. One or more of the advantages may be at least in part because the pharmaceutical agents are conjugated with at least one instance of a radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0008] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

[0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0011] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0012] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

[0013] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0015] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject comprising administering to the subject the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

[0016] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject.

[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject. DEFINITIONS

[0018] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75thEd., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999;Michael B. Smith, March’ s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 7thEdition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2013; Richard C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2018; and Carruthers, Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rdEdition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.

[0019] Compounds (e.g., conjugates) described herein can comprise one or more asymmetric centers, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and / or diastereomers. For example, the compounds described herein can be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer or geometric isomer, or can be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures and mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomer. Isomers can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962); and Wilen, S.H., Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ, of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972). The present disclosure additionally encompasses compounds as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers.

[0020] Unless otherwise provided, formulae and structures depicted herein include compounds that do not include isotopically enriched atoms, and also include compounds that include isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, replacement of19F with18F, or the replacement of a carbon by a13C- or14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of the disclosure. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.

[0021] When a range of values (“range”) is listed, it encompasses each value and sub-range within the range. A range is inclusive of the values at the two ends of the range unless otherwise provided. For example, “Ci-6 alkyl” encompasses, Ci, C2, C3, C4, C5, Ce, C1-6, C1-5, CM, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3 A, C4-6, C4-5, and C5-6 alkyl. The term “alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 150 carbon atoms (“Ci-150 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 100 to 150 carbon atoms (“C100-150 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 50 to 100 carbon atoms (“C50-100 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 20 to 50 carbon atoms (“C20-50 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“Ci-12 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Ci-10 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1-8 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CM alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C2-6 alkyl”). Examples of C1-6 alkyl groups include methyl (Ci), ethyl (C2), propyl (C3) (e.g., zz-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (C4) (e.g., n- butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl), pentyl (C5) (e.g., zz-pentyl, 3-pentanyl, amyl, neopentyl, 3- methyl-2-butanyl, tert-amyl), and hexyl (Ce) (e.g., n-hcxyl). Additional examples of alkyl groups include zz-heptyl (C7), zz-octyl (Cs), zz-dodecyl (C12), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkyl”) with one or more substituents (e.g., halogen, such as fluorine). In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is an unsubstituted Ci-12 alkyl (such as unsubstituted Ci- 6 alkyl, e.g., -CH3 (Me), unsubstituted ethyl (Et), unsubstituted propyl (Pr, e.g., unsubstituted n- propyl (n-Pr), unsubstituted isopropyl (z-Pr)), unsubstituted butyl (Bu, e.g., unsubstituted zz-butyl (zz-Bu), unsubstituted tert-butyl (tert-Bu or t-Bu), unsubstituted sec-butyl (sec-Bu or s-Bu), unsubstituted isobutyl (z-Bu)). In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is a substituted Ci-12 alkyl (such as substituted Ci 6alkyl, e.g., -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, or benzyl (Bn)).

[0022] The term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and / or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 150 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC 1-150 alkyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 100 to 150 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCioo-iso alkyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 50 to 100 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCso-ioo alkyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 20 to 50 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC20-50 alkyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi 20 alkyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-12 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-n alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-10 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-s alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-7 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-6 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and lor 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“hctcroCi 4 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroCi-3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroCi-2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 carbon atom and 1 heteroatom (“heteroCi alkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC2-6 alkyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkyl”) with one or more substituents (e.g., oxo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., -CH3)). In certain embodiments, the heteroalkyl group is an unsubstituted heteroCi-12 alkyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkyl group is a substituted heteroCi-12 alkyl. In some embodiments, unsubstituted heteroCi alkyl is -OCH3 or -CH2OH. In some embodiments, substituted heteroCi alkyl is -C(=O)NH2. In some embodiments, unsubstituted heteroC2 alkyl is -OCH2CH3, - CH2OCH3, or –CH2CH2OH. The terms “heteroCz1-z2 alkyl” and “Cz1-z2 heteroalkyl” are used interchangeably, wherein each of z1 and z2 is independently an integer. The term “alkenyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 100 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 double bonds). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 150 carbon atoms (“C1-150 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has at least 2 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 100 to 150 carbon atoms (“C100-150 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 50 to 100 carbon atoms (“C50-100 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 20 to 50 carbon atoms (“C20-50alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C1–12 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 11 carbon atoms (“C1–11 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“C1–10alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1–9 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1–8 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1–7alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1–6 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1–5 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C1–4 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1–3alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1–2alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 carbon atom (“C1 alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, an alkenyl group is C2–3 alkenyl, C2–4 alkenyl, C2–5 alkenyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–7 alkenyl, C2–8 alkenyl, C2–9alkenyl, C2–10alkenyl, C2–12alkenyl, C2–16alkenyl, C2–20alkenyl, C2–30alkenyl, C2–40alkenyl, C2–50 alkenyl, C2–60 alkenyl, C2–70 alkenyl, C2–80 alkenyl, C2–90 alkenyl, or C2–100 alkenyl. The one or more carbon-carbon double bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl). Examples of C1–4alkenyl groups include methylidenyl (C1), ethenyl (C2), 1-propenyl (C3), 2-propenyl (C3), 1-butenyl (C4), 2-butenyl (C4), butadienyl (C4), and the like. Examples of C1–6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkenyl groups as well as pentenyl (C5), pentadienyl (C5), hexenyl (C6), and the like. Additional examples of alkenyl include heptenyl (C7), octenyl (C8), octatrienyl (C8), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkenyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkenyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is an unsubstituted C1-20alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is a substituted C1-20 alkenyl. In an alkenyl group, a C=C double bond for which the stereochemistry is not specified (e.g., −CH=CHCH3or ) may be in the (E)- or (Z)-configuration. The term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and / or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–150alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has at least 2 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 100 to 150 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC100–150alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 50 to 100 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC50–100 alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 20 to 50 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC20–50alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–20 alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–12 alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–11alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–10 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–9 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–8 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–7 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1to 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–6alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–5 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–4alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroC1–3 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroC1–2 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–6alkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group is C2–3heteroalkenyl, C2–4 heteroalkenyl, C2–5 heteroalkenyl, C2–6 heteroalkenyl, C2–7 heteroalkenyl, C2–8 heteroalkenyl, C2–9 heteroalkenyl, C2–10 heteroalkenyl, C2–12 heteroalkenyl, C2–16 heteroalkenyl, C2–20heteroalkenyl, C2–30heteroalkenyl, C2–40heteroalkenyl, C2–50heteroalkenyl, C2–60heteroalkenyl, C2–70 heteroalkenyl, C2–80 heteroalkenyl, C2–90 heteroalkenyl, or C2–100 heteroalkenyl. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkenyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkenyl”) with one or more substituents (e.g., oxo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl (e.g., –CH3)). In certain embodiments, the heteroalkenyl group is an unsubstituted heteroC1–20 alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkenyl group is a substituted heteroC1–20 alkenyl. In some embodiments, unsubstituted heteroC1alkenyl is –CH=NH or =N–CH3. The terms “heteroCz1-z2 alkenyl” and “Cz1-z2 heteroalkenyl” are used interchangeably, wherein each of z1 and z2 is independently an integer. The term “alkynyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 150 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 triple bonds) (“C1-150 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 100 to 150 carbon atoms (“C100-150alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 50 to 100 carbon atoms (“C50-100alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 20 to 50 carbon atoms (“C20-50alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has at least 2 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“C1-10alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1-8 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C1-4 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 carbon atom (“C1 alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, an alkynyl group is C2–3 alkynyl, C2–4 alkynyl, C2–5 alkynyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C2–7 alkynyl, C2–8 alkynyl, C2–9 alkynyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C2–12alkynyl, C2–16alkynyl, C2–20alkynyl, C2–30alkynyl, C2–40alkynyl, C2–50alkynyl, C2–60 alkynyl, C2–70 alkynyl, C2–80 alkynyl, C2–90 alkynyl, or C2–100 alkynyl. The one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butynyl) or terminal (such as in 1- butynyl). Examples of C1-4 alkynyl groups include, without limitation, methylidynyl (C1), ethynyl (C2), 1-propynyl (C3), 2-propynyl (C3), 1-butynyl (C4), 2-butynyl (C4), and the like. Examples of C1-6alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4alkynyl groups as well as pentynyl (C5), hexynyl (C6), and the like. Additional examples of alkynyl include heptynyl (C7), octynyl (C8), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkynyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the alkynyl group is an unsubstituted C1-20 alkynyl. In certain embodiments, the alkynyl group is a substituted C1-20 alkynyl. The term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and / or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–150 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has at least 2 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 100 to 150 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC100–150 alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 50 to 100 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC50–100alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 20 to 50 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC20–50 alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–20alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–10alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–9 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–8alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–7 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–6alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–5 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–4 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroC1–3alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroC1–2 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroC1–6 alkynyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group is C2–3 heteroalkynyl, C2–4 heteroalkynyl, C2–5 heteroalkynyl, C2–6 heteroalkynyl, C2–7 heteroalkynyl, C2–8 heteroalkynyl, C2–9heteroalkynyl, C2–10heteroalkynyl, C2–12heteroalkynyl, C2–16heteroalkynyl, C2–20heteroalkynyl, C2–30heteroalkynyl, C2–40heteroalkynyl, C2–50heteroalkynyl, C2–60heteroalkynyl, C2–70 heteroalkynyl, C2–80 heteroalkynyl, C2–90 heteroalkynyl, or C2–100 heteroalkynyl. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkynyl”) with one or more substituents (e.g., oxo, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., –CH3)). In certain embodiments, the heteroalkynyl group is an unsubstituted heteroC1–20 alkynyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkynyl group is a substituted heteroC1–20alkynyl. In some embodiments, unsubstituted heteroC1 alkynyl is –C≡N. The terms “heteroCz1-z2 alkynyl” and “Cz1-z2heteroalkynyl” are used interchangeably, wherein each of z1 and z2 is independently an integer. The term “carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14carbocyclyl”) and zero heteroatoms in the non-aromatic ring system. In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 13 ring carbon atoms (“C3-13carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (“C3-12 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 11 ring carbon atoms (“C3-11 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3-10carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C3-8carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms (“C3-7 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C3-6carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C4-6carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C5-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C5-10 carbocyclyl”). Exemplary C3-6 carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl (C3), cyclopropenyl (C3), cyclobutyl (C4), cyclobutenyl (C4), cyclopentyl (C5), cyclopentenyl (C5), cyclohexyl (C6), cyclohexenyl (C6), cyclohexadienyl (C6), and the like. Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7), cycloheptenyl (C7), cycloheptadienyl (C7), cycloheptatrienyl (C7), cyclooctyl (C8), cyclooctenyl (C8), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl (C7), bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl (C8), and the like. Exemplary C3-10 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-8 carbocyclyl groups as well as cyclononyl (C9), cyclononenyl (C9), cyclodecyl (C10), cyclodecenyl (C10), octahydro-1H- indenyl (C9), decahydronaphthalenyl (C10), spiro[4.5]decanyl (C10), and the like. Exemplary C3-8carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-10 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloundecyl (C11), spiro[5.5]undecanyl (C11), cyclododecyl (C12), cyclododecenyl (C12), cyclotridecane (C13), cyclotetradecane (C14), and the like. As the foregoing examples illustrate, in certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is either monocyclic (“monocyclic carbocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., containing a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic carbocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“tricyclic carbocyclyl”)) and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. “Carbocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the carbocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the carbocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continue to designate the number of carbons in the carbocyclic ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a carbocyclyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted carbocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted carbocyclyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is an unsubstituted C3-14carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is a substituted C3-14carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic, saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3-10cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C3-8 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C3-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C4-6cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C5-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C5-10 cycloalkyl”). Examples of C5-6 cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl (C5) and cyclohexyl (C5). Examples of C3-6cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C5-6cycloalkyl groups as well as cyclopropyl (C3) and cyclobutyl (C4). Examples of C3-8cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7) and cyclooctyl (C8). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a cycloalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted cycloalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted cycloalkyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is an unsubstituted C3-14 cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is a substituted C3-14 cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl includes 0, 1, or 2 C=C double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits. The term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a radical of a 3- to 14-membered non- aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“3–14 membered heterocyclyl”). In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“tricyclic heterocyclyl”)), and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. Heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heterocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl ring, or ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, wherein the point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continues to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heterocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heterocyclyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is an unsubstituted 3–14 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a substituted 3–14 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl is substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein 1, 2, or 3 atoms in the heterocyclic ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5–10 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5–10 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5–8 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5–8 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5–6 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5–6 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, the 5–6 membered heterocyclyl has 1–3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5–6 membered heterocyclyl has 1–2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5–6 membered heterocyclyl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include aziridinyl, oxiranyl, and thiiranyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl-2,5-dione. Exemplary 5- membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include dioxolanyl, oxathiolanyl and dithiolanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazinyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclyl groups include indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzofuranyl, tetrahydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, octahydrochromenyl, octahydroisochromenyl, decahydronaphthyridinyl, decahydro-1,8-naphthyridinyl, octahydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, indolinyl, phthalimidyl, naphthalimidyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, 1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepinyl, 1,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]pyrrolyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-furo[3,2- b]pyrrolyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-furo[3,2-b]pyranyl, 5,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyranyl, 2,3- dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2- b]pyridinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridinyl, and the like. The term “aryl” refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6–14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system (“C6-14aryl”). In some embodiments, an aryl group has 6 ring carbon atoms (“C6aryl”; e.g., phenyl). In some embodiments, an aryl group has 10 ring carbon atoms (“C10 aryl”; e.g., naphthyl such as 1–naphthyl and 2-naphthyl). In some embodiments, an aryl group has 14 ring carbon atoms (“C14aryl”; e.g., anthracyl). “Aryl” also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the radical or point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continue to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an aryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted aryl”) or substituted (a “substituted aryl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the aryl group is an unsubstituted C6-14 aryl. In certain embodiments, the aryl group is a substituted C6-14 aryl. The term “heteroaryl” refers to a radical of a 5-14 membered monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-14 membered heteroaryl”). In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heteroaryl” includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continues to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. “Heteroaryl” also includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the aryl or heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members designates the number of ring members in the fused polycyclic (aryl / heteroaryl) ring system. Polycyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, e.g., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2-indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5-indolyl). In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- or 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-10 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-10 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-8 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-8 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-6 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-6 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1–3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1–2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroaryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroaryl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroaryl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is an unsubstituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5- membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 4 heteroatoms include tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 or 4 heteroatoms include triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5,6- bicyclic heteroaryl groups include indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6,6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl. Exemplary tricyclic heteroaryl groups include phenanthridinyl, dibenzofuranyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, and phenazinyl. The term “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, −F), chlorine (chloro, −Cl), bromine (bromo, −Br), or iodine (iodo, −I). The term “alkoxy” refers to an -O-alkyl substituent. Affixing the suffix “-ene” to a group indicates the resulting group is a polyvalent (e.g., divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent) moiety. For example, alkylene is a polyvalent moiety of alkyl, alkenylene is a polyvalent moiety of alkenyl, alkynylene is a polyvalent moiety of alkynyl, heteroalkylene is a polyvalent moiety of heteroalkyl, heteroalkenylene is a polyvalent moiety of heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynylene is a polyvalent moiety of heteroalkynyl, carbocyclylene is a polyvalent moiety of carbocyclyl, heterocyclylene is a polyvalent moiety of heterocyclyl, arylene is a polyvalent moiety of aryl, and heteroarylene is a polyvalent moiety of heteroaryl. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C1heteroalkylene is –OCH2– or –CH2O–. In some embodiments, substituted C1 heteroalkylene is –NHC(=O)– or –C(=O)NH–. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C2 heteroalkylene is –OCH2CH2– or –CH2CH2O–. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C4heteroalkylene is –(OCH2CH2)2– or –(CH2CH2O)2–. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C6 heteroalkylene is –(OCH2CH2)3– or –(CH2CH2O)3–. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C8 heteroalkylene is –(OCH2CH2)4– or –(CH2CH2O)4–. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C10heteroalkylene is –(OCH2CH2)5– or –(CH2CH2O)5–. In some embodiments, unsubstituted C12heteroalkylene is –(OCH2CH2)6– or –(CH2CH2O)6–. A group is optionally substituted unless expressly provided otherwise. The term “optionally substituted” refers to being substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted. “Optionally substituted” refers to a group which is substituted or unsubstituted (e.g., “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” carbocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heterocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” aryl or “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroaryl group). In general, the term “substituted” means that at least one hydrogen present on a group is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent is either the same or different at each position. The term “substituted” is contemplated to include substitution with all permissible substituents of organic compounds and includes any of the substituents described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound. The present disclosure contemplates any and all such combinations in order to arrive at a stable compound. For purposes of this disclosure, heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and / or any suitable substituent as described herein which satisfy the valencies of the heteroatoms and results in the formation of a stable moiety. The disclosure is not limited in any manner by the exemplary substituents described herein. Exemplary carbon atom substituents include halogen, −CN, −NO2, −N3, −SO2H, −SO3H, −OH, −ORaa, −ON(Rbb)2, −N(Rbb)2, −N(Rbb)3+X−, −N(ORcc)Rbb, −SH, −SRaa, −SSRcc, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2H, −CHO, −C(ORcc)2, −CO2Raa, −OC(=O)Raa, −OCO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, −OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, −NRbbC(=O)Raa, −NRbbCO2Raa, −NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2, −C(=NRbb)Raa, −C(=NRbb)ORaa, −OC(=NRbb)Raa, −OC(=NRbb)ORaa, −C(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, −OC(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, −NRbbC(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, −C(=O)NRbbSO2Raa, −NRbbSO2Raa, −SO2N(Rbb)2, −SO2Raa, −SO2ORaa, −OSO2Raa, −S(=O)Raa, −OS(=O)Raa, −Si(Raa)3, −OSi(Raa)3 −C(=S)N(Rbb)2, −C(=O)SRaa, −C(=S)SRaa, −SC(=S)SRaa, −SC(=O)SRaa, −OC(=O)SRaa, −SC(=O)ORaa, −SC(=O)Raa, −P(=O)(Raa)2, −P(=O)(ORcc)2, −OP(=O)(Raa)2, −OP(=O)(ORcc)2, −P(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, −OP(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, −NRbbP(=O)(Raa)2, −NRbbP(=O)(ORcc)2, −NRbbP(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, −P(Rcc)2, −P(ORcc)2, −P(Rcc)3+X−, −P(ORcc)3+X−, −P(Rcc)4, −P(ORcc)4, −OP(Rcc)2, −OP(Rcc)3+X−, −OP(ORcc)2, −OP(ORcc)3+X−, −OP(Rcc)4, −OP(ORcc)4, −B(Raa)2, −B(ORcc)2, −BRaa(ORcc), C1–20alkyl, C1–20 perhaloalkyl, C1–20 alkenyl, C1–20 alkynyl, heteroC1–20 alkyl, heteroC1–20 alkenyl, heteroC1–20 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C6-14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rddgroups; wherein X−is a counterion; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =O, =S, =NN(Rbb)2, =NNRbbC(=O)Raa, =NNRbbC(=O)ORaa, =NNRbbS(=O)2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORcc; each instance of Raais, independently, selected from C1–20 alkyl, C1–20 perhaloalkyl, C1–20 alkenyl, C1–20alkynyl, heteroC1–20alkyl, heteroC1–20alkenyl, heteroC1–20alkynyl, C3-10carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C6-14aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Raagroups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rddgroups; each instance of Rbbis, independently, selected from hydrogen, −OH, −ORaa, −N(Rcc)2, −CN, −C(=O)Raa, −C(=O)N(Rcc)2, −CO2Raa, −SO2Raa, −C(=NRcc)ORaa, −C(=NRcc)N(Rcc)2, −SO2N(Rcc)2, −SO2Rcc, −SO2ORcc, −SORaa, −C(=S)N(Rcc)2, −C(=O)SRcc, −C(=S)SRcc, −P(=O)(Raa)2, −P(=O)(ORcc)2, −P(=O)(N(Rcc)2)2, C1–20 alkyl, C1–20 perhaloalkyl, C1–20 alkenyl, C1–20alkynyl, heteroC1–20alkyl, heteroC1–20alkenyl, heteroC1–20alkynyl, C3-10carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C6-14aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rbbgroups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rddgroups; each instance of Rccis, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–20 alkyl, C1–20 perhaloalkyl, C1–20 alkenyl, C1–20 alkynyl, heteroC1–20 alkyl, heteroC1–20 alkenyl, heteroC1–20 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C6-14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rccgroups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rddgroups; each instance of Rddis, independently, selected from halogen, −CN, −NO2, −N3, −SO2H, −SO3H, −OH, −ORee, −ON(Rff)2, −N(Rff)2, −N(Rff)3+X−, −N(ORee)Rff, −SH, −SRee, −SSRee, −C(=O)Ree, −CO2H, −CO2Ree, −OC(=O)Ree, −OCO2Ree, −C(=O)N(Rff)2, −OC(=O)N(Rff)2, −NRffC(=O)Ree, −NRffCO2Ree, −NRffC(=O)N(Rff)2, −C(=NRff)ORee, −OC(=NRff)Ree, −OC(=NRff)ORee, −C(=NRff)N(Rff)2, −OC(=NRff)N(Rff)2, −NRffC(=NRff)N(Rff)2, −NRffSO2Ree, −SO2N(Rff)2, −SO2Ree, −SO2ORee, −OSO2Ree, −S(=O)Ree, −Si(Ree)3, −OSi(Ree)3, −C(=S)N(Rff)2, −C(=O)SRee, −C(=S)SRee, −SC(=S)SRee, −P(=O)(ORee)2, −P(=O)(Ree)2, −OP(=O)(Ree)2, −OP(=O)(ORee)2, C1–10alkyl, C1–10perhaloalkyl, C1–10alkenyl, C1–10alkynyl, heteroC1–10alkyl, heteroC1–10alkenyl, heteroC1–10alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgggroups, or two geminal Rddsubstituents are joined to form =O or =S; wherein X−is a counterion; each instance of Reeis, independently, selected from C1–10alkyl, C1–10perhaloalkyl, C1–10alkenyl, C1–10alkynyl, heteroC1–10alkyl, heteroC1–10alkenyl, heteroC1–10alkynyl, C3-10carbocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, and 3-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgggroups; each instance of Rffis, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 perhaloalkyl, C1–10 alkenyl, C1–10 alkynyl, heteroC1–10 alkyl, heteroC1–10 alkenyl, heteroC1–10 alkynyl, C3-10carbocyclyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, C6-10aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or two Rffgroups are joined to form a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgggroups; each instance of Rggis, independently, halogen, −CN, −NO2, −N3, −SO2H, −SO3H, −OH, −OC1–6 alkyl, −ON(C1–6 alkyl)2, −N(C1–6 alkyl)2, −N(C1–6 alkyl)3+X−, −NH(C1–6 alkyl)2+X−, −NH2(C1–6alkyl)+X−, −NH3+X−, −N(OC1–6alkyl)(C1–6alkyl), −N(OH)(C1–6alkyl), −NH(OH), −SH, −SC1–6 alkyl, −SS(C1–6 alkyl), −C(=O)(C1–6 alkyl), −CO2H, −CO2(C1–6 alkyl), −OC(=O)(C1–6 alkyl), −OCO2(C1–6 alkyl), −C(=O)NH2, −C(=O)N(C1–6 alkyl)2, −OC(=O)NH(C1– 6 alkyl), −NHC(=O)( C1–6 alkyl), −N(C1–6 alkyl)C(=O)( C1–6 alkyl), −NHCO2(C1–6 alkyl), −NHC(=O)N(C1–6 alkyl)2, −NHC(=O)NH(C1–6 alkyl), −NHC(=O)NH2, −C(=NH)O(C1–6 alkyl), −OC(=NH)(C1–6alkyl), −OC(=NH)OC1–6alkyl, −C(=NH)N(C1–6alkyl)2, −C(=NH)NH(C1–6alkyl), −C(=NH)NH2, −OC(=NH)N(C1–6 alkyl)2, −OC(NH)NH(C1–6 alkyl), −OC(NH)NH2, −NHC(NH)N(C1–6 alkyl)2, −NHC(=NH)NH2, −NHSO2(C1–6 alkyl), −SO2N(C1–6 alkyl)2, −SO2NH(C1–6alkyl), −SO2NH2, −SO2C1–6alkyl, −SO2OC1–6alkyl, −OSO2C1–6alkyl, −SOC1–6alkyl, −Si(C1–6 alkyl)3, −OSi(C1–6 alkyl)3 −C(=S)N(C1–6 alkyl)2, C(=S)NH(C1–6 alkyl), C(=S)NH2, −C(=O)S(C1–6 alkyl), −C(=S)SC1–6 alkyl, −SC(=S)SC1–6 alkyl, −P(=O)(OC1–6 alkyl)2, −P(=O)(C1–6alkyl)2, −OP(=O)(C1–6alkyl)2, −OP(=O)(OC1–6alkyl)2, C1–10alkyl, C1–10perhaloalkyl, C1–10alkenyl, C1–10alkynyl, heteroC1–10alkyl, heteroC1–10alkenyl, heteroC1–10alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl; or two geminal Rggsubstituents can be joined to form =O or =S; and each X−is a counterion. In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, −ORaa, −SRaa, −N(Rbb)2, –CN, –SCN, –NO2, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, −OC(=O)Raa, −OCO2Raa, −OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, −NRbbC(=O)Raa, −NRbbCO2Raa, or −NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2. In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1–10alkyl, −ORaa, −SRaa, −N(Rbb)2, –CN, –SCN, –NO2, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, −OC(=O)Raa, −OCO2Raa, −OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, −NRbbC(=O)Raa, −NRbbCO2Raa, or −NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2, wherein Raais hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1–10 alkyl, an oxygen protecting group (e.g., silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl) when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group (e.g., acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3-nitro-2-pyridine sulfenyl, 2-pyridine-sulfenyl, or triphenylmethyl) when attached to a sulfur atom; and each Rbbis independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1–10 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts). In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl, −ORaa, −SRaa, −N(Rbb)2, –CN, –SCN, or –NO2. In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen moieties) or unsubstituted C1–10 alkyl, −ORaa, −SRaa, −N(Rbb)2, –CN, –SCN, or –NO2, wherein Raais hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1–10 alkyl, an oxygen protecting group (e.g., silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl) when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group (e.g., acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3-nitro-2-pyridine sulfenyl, 2-pyridine-sulfenyl, or triphenylmethyl) when attached to a sulfur atom; and each Rbbis independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1–10 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts). In certain embodiments, each nitrogen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each nitrogen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10alkyl, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a nitrogen protecting group, wherein Raais hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom; and each Rbbis independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each nitrogen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, the substituent present on the nitrogen atom is a nitrogen protecting group (also referred to herein as an “amino protecting group”). Nitrogen protecting groups include −OH, −ORaa, −N(Rcc)2, −C(=O)Raa, −C(=O)N(Rcc)2, −CO2Raa, −SO2Raa, −C(=NRcc)Raa, −C(=NRcc)ORaa, −C(=NRcc)N(Rcc)2, −SO2N(Rcc)2, −SO2Rcc, −SO2ORcc, −SORaa, −C(=S)N(Rcc)2, −C(=O)SRcc, −C(=S)SRcc, C1–10 alkyl (e.g., aralkyl, heteroaralkyl), C1–20 alkenyl, C1–20 alkynyl, hetero C1–20 alkyl, hetero C1–20 alkenyl, hetero C1–20 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C6-14aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl groups, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rddgroups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc, and Rddare as defined herein. Nitrogen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rdedition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999. For example, in certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is an amide group (e.g., a moiety that include the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting groups (e.g., −C(=O)Raa) is directly attached). In certain such embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of formamide, acetamide, chloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, trifluoroacetamide, phenylacetamide, 3-phenylpropanamide, picolinamide, 3- pyridylcarboxamide, N-benzoylphenylalanyl derivatives, benzamide, p-phenylbenzamide, o- nitrophenylacetamide, o-nitrophenoxyacetamide, acetoacetamide, (N’- dithiobenzyloxyacylamino)acetamide, 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide, 3-(o- nitrophenyl)propanamide, 2-methyl-2-(o-nitrophenoxy)propanamide, 2-methyl-2-(o- phenylazophenoxy)propanamide, 4-chlorobutanamide, 3-methyl-3-nitrobutanamide, o- nitrocinnamide, N-acetylmethionine derivatives, o-nitrobenzamide, and o- (benzoyloxymethyl)benzamide. In certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is a carbamate group (e.g., a moiety that include the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting groups (e.g., −C(=O)ORaa) is directly attached). In certain such embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate, 9- fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc), 9-(2-sulfo)fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 9-(2,7- dibromo)fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 2,7-di-t-butyl-[9-(10,10-dioxo-10,10,10,10- tetrahydrothioxanthyl)]methyl carbamate (DBD-Tmoc), 4-methoxyphenacyl carbamate (Phenoc), 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamate (Troc), 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate (Teoc), 2-phenylethyl carbamate (hZ), 1–(1-adamantyl)-1-methylethyl carbamate (Adpoc), 1,1-dimethyl-2-haloethyl carbamate, 1,1-dimethyl-2,2-dibromoethyl carbamate (DB-t-BOC), 1,1-dimethyl-2,2,2- trichloroethyl carbamate (TCBOC), 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenylyl)ethyl carbamate (Bpoc), 1-(3,5-di- t-butylphenyl)-1-methylethyl carbamate (t-Bumeoc), 2-(2′- and 4′-pyridyl)ethyl carbamate (Pyoc), 2-(N,N-dicyclohexylcarboxamido)ethyl carbamate, t-butyl carbamate (BOC or Boc), 1- adamantyl carbamate (Adoc), vinyl carbamate (Voc), allyl carbamate (Alloc), 1-isopropylallyl carbamate (Ipaoc), cinnamyl carbamate (Coc), 4-nitrocinnamyl carbamate (Noc), 8-quinolyl carbamate, N-hydroxypiperidinyl carbamate, alkyldithio carbamate, benzyl carbamate (Cbz), p- methoxybenzyl carbamate (Moz), p-nitrobenzyl carbamate, p-bromobenzyl carbamate, p- chlorobenzyl carbamate, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl carbamate, 4-methylsulfinylbenzyl carbamate (Msz), 9-anthrylmethyl carbamate, diphenylmethyl carbamate, 2-methylthioethyl carbamate, 2- methylsulfonylethyl carbamate, 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethyl carbamate, [2-(1,3-dithianyl)]methyl carbamate (Dmoc), 4-methylthiophenyl carbamate (Mtpc), 2,4-dimethylthiophenyl carbamate (Bmpc), 2-phosphonioethyl carbamate (Peoc), 2-triphenylphosphonioisopropyl carbamate (Ppoc), 1,1-dimethyl-2-cyanoethyl carbamate, m-chloro-p-acyloxybenzyl carbamate, p- (dihydroxyboryl)benzyl carbamate, 5-benzisoxazolylmethyl carbamate, 2-(trifluoromethyl)-6- chromonylmethyl carbamate (Tcroc), m-nitrophenyl carbamate, 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl carbamate, o-nitrobenzyl carbamate, 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzyl carbamate, phenyl(o-nitrophenyl)methyl carbamate, t-amyl carbamate, S-benzyl thiocarbamate, p-cyanobenzyl carbamate, cyclobutyl carbamate, cyclohexyl carbamate, cyclopentyl carbamate, cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, p- decyloxybenzyl carbamate, 2,2-dimethoxyacylvinyl carbamate, o-(N,N- dimethylcarboxamido)benzyl carbamate, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(N,N-dimethylcarboxamido)propyl carbamate, 1,1-dimethylpropynyl carbamate, di(2-pyridyl)methyl carbamate, 2-furanylmethyl carbamate, 2-iodoethyl carbamate, isobornyl carbamate, isobutyl carbamate, isonicotinyl carbamate, p-(p’-methoxyphenylazo)benzyl carbamate, 1-methylcyclobutyl carbamate, 1- methylcyclohexyl carbamate, 1-methyl-1-cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, 1-methyl-1-(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl carbamate, 1-methyl-1-(p-phenylazophenyl)ethyl carbamate, 1-methyl-1- phenylethyl carbamate, 1-methyl-1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl carbamate, phenyl carbamate, p- (phenylazo)benzyl carbamate, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl carbamate, 4-(trimethylammonium)benzyl carbamate, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl carbamate. In certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is a sulfonamide group (e.g., a moiety that include the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting groups (e.g., −S(=O)2Raa) is directly attached). In certain such embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonamide (Ts), benzenesulfonamide, 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtr), 2,4,6- trimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtb), 2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Pme), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mte), 4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mbs), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamide (Mts), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (iMds), 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonamide (Pmc), methanesulfonamide (Ms), β- trimethylsilylethanesulfonamide (SES), 9-anthracenesulfonamide, 4-(4′,8′- dimethoxynaphthylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide (DNMBS), benzylsulfonamide, trifluoromethylsulfonamide, and phenacylsulfonamide. In certain embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of phenothiazinyl-(10)-acyl derivatives, N'-p-toluenesulfonylaminoacyl derivatives, N’-phenylaminothioacyl derivatives, N-benzoylphenylalanyl derivatives, N-acetylmethionine derivatives, 4,5-diphenyl-3-oxazolin-2-one, N-phthalimide, N-dithiasuccinimide (Dts), N-2,3- diphenylmaleimide, N-2,5-dimethylpyrrole, N-1,1,4,4-tetramethyldisilylazacyclopentane adduct (STABASE), 5-substituted 1,3-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexan-2-one, 5-substituted 1,3- dibenzyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexan-2-one, 1-substituted 3,5-dinitro-4-pyridone, N-methylamine, N- allylamine, N-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methylamine (SEM), N-3-acetoxypropylamine, N-(1- isopropyl-4-nitro-2-oxo-3-pyrrolin-3-yl)amine, quaternary ammonium salts, N-benzylamine, N- di(4-methoxyphenyl)methylamine, N-5-dibenzosuberylamine, N-triphenylmethylamine (Tr), N- [(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl]amine (MMTr), N-9-phenylfluorenylamine (PhF), N-2,7- dichloro-9-fluorenylmethyleneamine, N-ferrocenylmethylamino (Fcm), N-2-picolylamino N’- oxide, N-1,1-dimethylthiomethyleneamine, N-benzylideneamine, N-p- methoxybenzylideneamine, N-diphenylmethyleneamine, N-[(2-pyridyl)mesityl]methyleneamine, N-(N’,N’-dimethylaminomethylene)amine, N-p-nitrobenzylideneamine, N-salicylideneamine, N- 5-chlorosalicylideneamine, N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethyleneamine, N- cyclohexylideneamine, N-(5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexenyl)amine, N-borane derivatives, N- diphenylborinic acid derivatives, N-[phenyl(pentaacylchromium- or tungsten)acyl]amine, N- copper chelate, N-zinc chelate, N-nitroamine, N-nitrosoamine, amine N-oxide, diphenylphosphinamide (Dpp), dimethylthiophosphinamide (Mpt), diphenylthiophosphinamide (Ppt), dialkyl phosphoramidates, dibenzyl phosphoramidate, diphenyl phosphoramidate, benzenesulfenamide, o-nitrobenzenesulfenamide (Nps), 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenamide, pentachlorobenzenesulfenamide, 2-nitro-4-methoxybenzenesulfenamide, triphenylmethylsulfenamide, and 3-nitropyridinesulfenamide (Npys). In some embodiments, two instances of a nitrogen protecting group together with the nitrogen atoms to which the nitrogen protecting groups are attached are N,N’-isopropylidenediamine. In certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts. In certain embodiments, each oxygen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10alkyl, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each oxygen atom substituents is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or an oxygen protecting group, wherein Raais hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom; and each Rbbis independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each oxygen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, the substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to herein as an “hydroxyl protecting group”). Oxygen protecting wherein X−, Raa, Rbb, and Rccare as defined herein. Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rdedition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999. In certain embodiments, each oxygen protecting group, together with the oxygen atom to which the oxygen protecting group is attached, is selected from the group consisting of methyl, methoxymethyl (MOM), methylthiomethyl (MTM), t-butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl (SMOM), benzyloxymethyl (BOM), p- methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM), (4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl (p-AOM), guaiacolmethyl (GUM), t-butoxymethyl, 4-pentenyloxymethyl (POM), siloxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEMOR), tetrahydropyranyl (THP), 3-bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1- methoxycyclohexyl, 4-methoxytetrahydropyranyl (MTHP), 4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl, 4- methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl S,S-dioxide, 1-[(2-chloro-4-methyl)phenyl]-4-methoxypiperidin- 4-yl (CTMP), 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a- octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran-2-yl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethyl, 1-methyl-1-benzyloxyethyl, 1-methyl-1-benzyloxy-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 2-(phenylselenyl)ethyl, t-butyl, allyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, benzyl (Bn), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 3,4- dimethoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-halobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, p- cyanobenzyl, p-phenylbenzyl, 2-picolyl, 4-picolyl, 3-methyl-2-picolyl N-oxido, diphenylmethyl, p,p’-dinitrobenzhydryl, 5-dibenzosuberyl, triphenylmethyl, 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl (4,4′- dimethoxytriphenylmethyl or DMT), α-naphthyldiphenylmethyl, p- methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl, di(p-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl, tri(p- methoxyphenyl)methyl, 4-(4’-bromophenacyloxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl, 4,4′,4″-tris(4,5- dichlorophthalimidophenyl)methyl, 4,4′,4″-tris(levulinoyloxyphenyl)methyl, 4,4′,4″- tris(benzoyloxyphenyl)methyl, 4,4’-Dimethoxy-3"‘-[N-(imidazolylmethyl) ]trityl Ether (IDTr- OR), 4,4’-Dimethoxy-3"‘-[N-(imidazolylethyl)carbamoyl]trityl Ether (IETr-OR), 1,1-bis(4- methoxyphenyl)-1′-pyrenylmethyl, 9-anthryl, 9-(9-phenyl)xanthenyl, 9-(9-phenyl-10- oxo)anthryl, 1,3-benzodithiolan-2-yl, benzisothiazolyl S,S-dioxido, trimethylsilyl (TMS), triethylsilyl (TES), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), dimethylisopropylsilyl (IPDMS), diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS), dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), t- butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS), t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl (TBMPS), formate, benzoylformate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, triphenylmethoxyacetate, phenoxyacetate, p-chlorophenoxyacetate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-oxopentanoate (levulinate), 4,4- (ethylenedithio)pentanoate (levulinoyldithioacetal), pivaloate, adamantoate, crotonate, 4- methoxycrotonate, benzoate, p-phenylbenzoate, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate (mesitoate), methyl carbonate, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate (Fmoc), ethyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc), 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonate (TMSEC), 2-(phenylsulfonyl) ethyl carbonate (Psec), 2- (triphenylphosphonio) ethyl carbonate (Peoc), isobutyl carbonate, vinyl carbonate, allyl carbonate, t-butyl carbonate (BOC or Boc), p-nitrophenyl carbonate, benzyl carbonate, p- methoxybenzyl carbonate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl carbonate, o-nitrobenzyl carbonate, p- nitrobenzyl carbonate, S-benzyl thiocarbonate, 4-ethoxy-1-napththyl carbonate, methyl dithiocarbonate, 2-iodobenzoate, 4-azidobutyrate, 4-nitro-4-methylpentanoate, o- (dibromomethyl)benzoate, 2-formylbenzenesulfonate, 2-(methylthiomethoxy)ethyl carbonate (MTMEC-OR), 4-(methylthiomethoxy)butyrate, 2-(methylthiomethoxymethyl)benzoate, 2,6- dichloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate, 2,6-dichloro-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxyacetate, 2,4- bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenoxyacetate, chlorodiphenylacetate, isobutyrate, monosuccinoate, (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, o-(methoxyacyl)benzoate, α-naphthoate, nitrate, alkyl N,N,N’,N’- tetramethylphosphorodiamidate, alkyl N-phenylcarbamate, borate, dimethylphosphinothioyl, alkyl 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfenate, sulfate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts). In certain embodiments, at least one oxygen protecting group is silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl. In certain embodiments, each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10alkyl, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a sulfur protecting group. In certain embodiments, each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10alkyl, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a sulfur protecting group, wherein Raais hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom; and each Rbbis independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl or a sulfur protecting group. In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a sulfur atom is a sulfur protecting group (also referred to as a “thiol protecting group”). In some embodiments, each sulfur protecting group is selected from the group consisting of −Raa, −N(Rbb)2, −C(=O)SRaa, −C(=O)Raa, −CO2Raa, −C(=O)N(Rbb)2, −C(=NRbb)Raa, −C(=NRbb)ORaa, −C(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, −S(=O)Raa, −SO2Raa, −Si(Raa)3, −P(Rcc)2, −P(Rcc)3+X−, −P(ORcc)2, −P(ORcc)3+X−, −P(=O)(Raa)2, −P(=O)(ORcc)2, and −P(=O)(N(Rbb) 2)2, wherein Raa, Rbb, and Rccare as defined herein. Sulfur protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rdedition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999. In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a substituent is lower than 250, lower than 200, lower than 150, lower than 100, or lower than 50 g / mol. In certain embodiments, a substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and / or silicon atoms. In certain embodiments, a substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulfur, and / or nitrogen atoms. In certain embodiments, a substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine atoms. In certain embodiments, a substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, and / or chlorine atoms. In certain embodiments, a substituent comprises 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen bond donors. In certain embodiments, a substituent comprises 0, 1, 2, or 3 hydrogen bond acceptors. “Click chemistry” is a chemical approach first introduced by K. Barry Sharpless in 2001 and tailored to generate substances quickly and reliably by joining small units together through coupling reactions. See, e.g., Kolb, Finn, and Sharpless, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2001) 40: 2004–2021; Evans, Australian Journal of Chemistry (2007) 60: 384–395). Exemplary coupling reactions include, but are not limited to, formation of esters, thioesters, amides (e.g., peptide coupling) from activated acids or acyl halides; nucleophilic displacement reactions (e.g., nucleophilic displacement of a halide or ring opening of strained ring systems); azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition; thiol–yne addition; imine formation; Michael additions (e.g., maleimide addition); and Diels–Alder reactions (e.g., tetrazine [4 + 2] cycloaddition). As used herein, the term “salt” refers to any and all salts and encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts include ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. A salt is composed of one or more cations (positively charged ions) and one or more anions (negative ions) so that the salt is electrically neutral (without a net charge). Salts of the compounds of this the present disclosure include those derived from inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid, or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2–hydroxy–ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2–naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3–phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate, hippurate, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+(C1–4 alkyl)4 salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further salts include ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, Berge et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present disclosure include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and N+(C1-4alkyl)4salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate. The term “prodrug” refers to a compound that may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to a conjugate described herein. The prodrug may be a precursor of the conjugate and may be pharmaceutically acceptable. The prodrug may be inactive when administered to a subject, but at least one of the converted products, e.g., the conjugate, may be active. Compared to the conjugate, the prodrug may offer advantages, such as higher solubility, higher permeability, higher absorption, improved distribution, improved metabolism, improved excretion, higher exposure, higher tissue compatibility, slower delivery, more sustained delivery, lower toxicity, and / or wider therapeutic window (see, e.g., Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985), pp.7-9, 21-24 (Elsevier, Amsterdam). A discussion of prodrugs is provided in Higuchi, T., et al., “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,” A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol.14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987. The prodrug may be a compound wherein a hydrogen atom of –OH, –NH2, –SH, –C(=O)OH, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O– of the conjugate is replaced with a protecting group (“PG,” e.g., a carbon- bound moiety, such as substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl). The prodrug that comprises –OPG, –NPG2, –SPG, –C(=O)OPG, –OP(=O)(OPG)O–, – SP(=O)(OPG)O–, –OP(=O)(OPG)S–, or –OP(=O)(SPG)O– may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to form –OH, –NH2, –SH, –C(=O)OH, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to glutathione, acyloxy, thioacyloxy, 2-carboalkoxyethyl, disulfide, thiaminal, and enol ester derivatives of a phosphorus atom-modified nucleic acid. Phosphonate and phosphate prodrugs can be found, for example, in Wiener et al., “Prodrugs or phosphonates and phosphates: crossing the membrane” Top. Curr. Chem., 2015, 360:115-160. In certain embodiments, the prodrug is a prodrug of any of the formulae described herein. A “subject” to which administration is contemplated refers to a human (e.g., male or female of any age group, e.g., pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, or adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult, or senior adult)) or non-human animal. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., primate (e.g., cynomolgus monkey or rhesus monkey), commercially relevant mammal (e.g., cattle, pig, horse, sheep, goat, cat, or dog), or bird (e.g., commercially relevant bird, such as chicken, duck, goose, or turkey)). In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a fish, reptile, or amphibian. The non-human animal may be a male or female at any stage of development. The non-human animal may be a transgenic animal or genetically engineered animal. The term “patient” refers to a human subject in need of treatment of a disease. The term “administer,” “administering,” or “administration” refers to implanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, in or on a subject. The terms “treatment,” “treat,” and “treating” refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease described herein. In some embodiments, treatment may be administered after one or more signs or symptoms of the disease have developed or have been observed. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disease. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible subject prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and / or in light of exposure to a pathogen). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence. The term “prevent,” “preventing,” or “prevention” refers to a prophylactic treatment of a subject who is not and was not with a disease but is at risk of developing the disease or who was with a disease, is not with the disease, but is at risk of regression of the disease. In certain embodiments, the subject is at a higher risk of developing the disease or at a higher risk of regression of the disease than an average healthy member of a population of subjects. The terms “condition,” “disease,” and “disorder” are used interchangeably. An “effective amount” of a compound described herein refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response. An effective amount of a compound described herein may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, severity of side effects, disease, or disorder, the identity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the particular compound, the condition being treated, the mode, route, and desired or required frequency of administration, the species, age and health or general condition of the subject. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is a prophylactic treatment. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is the amount of a compound described herein in a single dose. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is the combined amounts of a compound described herein in multiple doses. In certain embodiments, the desired dosage is delivered three times a day, two times a day, once a day, every other day, every third day, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks, or every four weeks. In certain embodiments, the desired dosage is delivered using multiple administrations (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations). A “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one or more signs and / or symptoms associated with the condition. In certain embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount is an amount that improves overall therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms, signs, or causes of the condition, and / or enhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent. A “prophylactically effective amount” of a compound is an amount sufficient to prevent a condition, or one or more signs and / or symptoms associated with the condition or prevent its recurrence. In certain embodiments, the prophylactically effective amount is an amount that improves overall prophylaxis and / or enhances the prophylactic efficacy of another prophylactic agent. The term “composition” means a mixture of substances. The term “pharmaceutical composition” means a composition suitable for administering to a subject. The symbol “ ” denotes the point of attachment of a chemical moiety to theremainder of a compound or chemical formula. The term “small molecule” refers to molecules, whether naturally-occurring or artificially created (e.g., via chemical synthesis) that have a relatively low molecular weight. Typically, a small molecule is an organic compound (i.e., it contains carbon). The small molecule may contain multiple carbon-carbon bonds, stereocenters, and other functional groups (e.g., amines, hydroxyl, carbonyls, and heterocyclic rings, etc.). In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a small molecule is not more than 2,000 g / mol. In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a small molecule is not more than 1,500 g / mol. In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a small molecule is not more than 1,000 g / mol, not more than 900 g / mol, not more than 800 g / mol, not more than 700 g / mol, not more than 600 g / mol, not more than 500 g / mol, not more than 400 g / mol, not more than 300 g / mol, not more than 200 g / mol, or not more than 100 g / mol. In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a small molecule is at least 100 g / mol, at least 200 g / mol, at least 300 g / mol, at least 400 g / mol, at least 500 g / mol, at least 600 g / mol, at least 700 g / mol, at least 800 g / mol, or at least 900 g / mol, or at least 1,000 g / mol. Combinations of the above ranges (e.g., at least 200 g / mol and not more than 500 g / mol) are also possible. In certain embodiments, the small molecule is a therapeutically active agent such as a drug (e.g., a molecule approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as provided in the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.)). The small molecule may also be complexed with one or more metal atoms and / or metal ions. In this instance, the small molecule is also referred to as a “small organometallic molecule.” Preferred small molecules are biologically active in that they produce a biological effect in animals, preferably mammals, more preferably humans. Small molecules include radionuclides and imaging agents. In certain embodiments, the small molecule is a drug. Preferably, though not necessarily, the drug is one that has already been deemed safe and effective for use in humans or animals by the appropriate governmental agency or regulatory body. For example, drugs approved for human use are listed by the FDA under 21 C.F.R. §§ 330.5, 331 through 361, and 440 through 460; drugs for veterinary use are listed by the FDA under 21 C.F.R. §§ 500 through 589. All listed drugs are considered acceptable for use in accordance with the present disclosure. The term “peptide,” “polypeptide,” or “protein” refers to an oligomer or polymer of amino acid residues covalently connected together by peptide bonds. A peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be of any size, structure, and function, and may be an individual peptide, polypeptide, or protein, or a collection (e.g., a complex) of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins, and optionally small molecules and / or metal ions. In certain embodiments, a peptide comprises between 2 and 10, between 11 and 20, between 21 and 30, between 31 and 40, or between 41 and 50, inclusive, amino acid residues. In certain embodiments, a polypeptide or protein comprises between 51 and 100, between 101 and 200, between 201 and 300, between 301 and 500, between 501 and 1,000, between 1,001 and 3,000, between 3,001 and 10,000, or between 10,001 and 30,000, inclusive, amino acid residues. A peptide, polypeptide, or protein may contain only natural amino acids but no non-natural amino acids; only non-natural amino acids but no natural amino acids; or both natural and non-natural amino acids. A peptide, polypeptide, or protein may contain amino acid analogs only or in addition to natural and / or non-natural amino acids. In certain embodiments, the amino acid residues of a peptide, polypeptide, or protein are residues of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and / or valine, in D and / or L form (e.g., in L form). One or more of the amino acid residues in a peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be alpha amino acid residues or homologs thereof (e.g., beta amino acid residues). One or more of the amino acid residues in a peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be protected or unprotected. One or more (e.g., two) of the termini of a peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be protected (e.g., to form an ester or amide) or unprotected (e.g., as –NH2, –NH3+, –C(=O)OH, or –C(=O)O–). One or more of the amino acid residues in a peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be modified or unmodified. A modification to an amino acid residue in a peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be an addition of a carbohydrate group, a hydroxyl group, a phosphate group, a farnesyl group, an isofarnesyl group, a fatty acid group, or a linker for conjugation or functionalization. A peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be naturally occurring, recombinant, synthetic, or a combination thereof. A peptide, polypeptide, or protein may be a fragment of a naturally occurring peptide, polypeptide, or protein. The term “nucleic acid” refers to compounds composed of linked monomeric nucleotides or nucleosides. A nucleic acid includes, but is not limited to, ribonucleic acids (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), single-stranded nucleic acids, and double-stranded nucleic acids. The term “oligomeric compound” or “oligomer” means a compound that consists of a small number of linked (e.g., covalently linked) subunits. With reference to a protein, peptide, polypeptide, or antibody, “subunit” refers to an amino acid (e.g., protected or unprotected amino acid) or peptide bond. With reference to an oligonucleotide, “subunit” refers to a nucleotide, nucleoside, nucleobase, internucleosidic linker, or sugar, or a modified nucleotide, nucleoside, nucleobase, internucleosidic linker, or sugar, or a combination thereof (e.g., a combination of nucleobase, internucleosidic linker, or sugar, each of which may be modified or unmodified). The small number may be between 6 and 100, inclusive. In some embodiments, the small number is between 6 and 9, between 10 and 13, between 14 and 18, between 19 and 23, between 24 and 30, between 31 and 40, between 41 and 50, between 51 and 60, between 61 and 80, or between 81 and 100, inclusive. The term “oligonucleotide” means an oligomer of linked (e.g., covalently linked) nucleotides and / or nucleosides (e.g., nucleic acid, oligomer of nucleotides), each of which can be modified or unmodified, independent from one another. Without limitation, an oligonucleotide may be comprised of ribonucleic acids (e.g., comprised of ribonucleosides), deoxyribonucleic acids (e.g., comprised of deoxyribonucleosides), modified nucleic acids (e.g., comprised of modified nucleobases, sugars, and / or phosphate groups), or a combination thereof. Oligonucleotides may comprise one or more loops in their structure (e.g., a stem loop, hairpin loop, or internal loop in the structure of an RNA). Oligonucleotides may be single-stranded or double-stranded and may be RNA, DNA, or a hybrid thereof. Oligonucleotides may include single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), plasmid DNA (pDNA), genomic DNA (gDNA), complementary DNA (cDNA), chloroplast DNA (ctDNA or cpDNA), microsatellite DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA), kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), provirus, lysogen, repetitive DNA, satellite DNA, viral DNA, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), precursor messenger RNA (pre- mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), coding RNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), long non-coding RNA (long ncRNA or lncRNA), satellite RNA, viral satellite RNA, signal recognition particle RNA, small cytoplasmic RNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), polyinosinic acid, ribozyme, flexizyme, small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), spliced leader RNA, viral RNA, antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., antisense DNA and antisense RNA), interfering RNA compounds (RNAi compounds), circular RNA (circRNA) compounds, microRNA (miRNA) targeting oligonucleotides, miRNA mimics, occupancy-based compounds (e.g., mRNA processing or translation blocking compounds and splicing compounds) and editing compounds (e.g., ADAR recruiting compounds, ADAR targeting compounds, single-stranded guide nucleic acids, or a combination thereof). RNAi compounds include double-stranded compounds (e.g., short- interfering RNA (siRNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)) and single-stranded compounds (e.g., single-stranded siRNA (ssRNA), single-stranded RNAi (ssRNAi), short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and microRNA mimics). RNAi compounds work at least in part through the RNA- induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway resulting in sequence specific degradation and / or sequestration of a target nucleic acid through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The term “RNAi compound” is meant to be equivalent to other terms used to describe nucleic acid compounds that are capable of mediating sequence-specific RNA interference, for example, interfering RNA (iRNA), iRNA agent, RNAi agent, small interfering RNA, short interfering RNA, short interfering oligonucleotide, short interfering nucleic acid, short interfering modified oligonucleotide, chemically modified siRNA, and others. Additionally, the term “RNAi” is meant to be equivalent to other terms used to describe sequence-specific RNA interference. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises 6-100 nucleotides and nucleosides. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises 10-50 nucleotides and nucleosides. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises 14-30 nucleotides and nucleosides. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises 20-23 nucleotides and nucleosides. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 nucleotides and nucleosides. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide strand comprises between 14 and 23, inclusive, nucleosides. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide strand comprises between 10 and 30, inclusive, nucleosides. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide strand comprises between 14 and 23, inclusive, nucleosides. A double-stranded oligonucleotide may comprise “blunt ends” or “overhangs.” In a blunt- ended oligonucleotide, both strands of the oligonucleotide are of equal length and end at the same base position, leaving no unpaired bases on either end. An oligonucleotide with overhangs (or “sticky ends”), in contrast, comprises unpaired nucleotides at each end. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide has blunt ends at both ends. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide has overhangs at each end. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide has a blunt end at one end and an overhang at the other end. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises between 6 and 8, between 9 and 11, between 12 and 14, between 15 and 17, between 18 and 20, between 21 and 24, between 25 and 28, between 29 and 32, between 33 and 36, or between 37 and 40, inclusive, paired base pairs. The term “nucleobase” refers to a nitrogen-containing moiety at the 1′ position of a nucleoside. Nucleobases may include purine bases and pyrimidine bases. Five nucleobases— adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are referred to as primary or canonical nucleobases. Nucleobases may include unmodified and modified nucleobases. When a nucleobase is listed in a formula definition, it refers to that moiety covalently bonded to the recited formula. The term “nucleobase sequence” means the order of contiguous nucleobases in a nucleic acid or oligonucleotide independent of any sugar or internucleoside linkage. The term “nucleoside” means a compound comprising a nucleobase and a sugar moiety. The nucleobase and sugar moiety are each, independently, unmodified or modified. The nucleoside may an unmodified or modified nucleoside. “Modified nucleoside” means a nucleoside comprising a modified nucleobase and / or a modified sugar moiety. Modified nucleosides include abasic nucleosides, which lack a nucleobase and optionally include a non- nucleobase moiety at the corresponding position (e.g., 1′ position). The terms “internucleoside linkage,” “internucleoside linker,” “internucleosidic linkage,” and “internucleosidic linker” are used interchangeably. The term “target nucleic acid,” “target RNA,” and “nucleic acid target” all mean a nucleic acid capable of being targeted by oligonucleotides (e.g., a radical of a ligand included in the oligonucleotides) described herein. “Target region” means a portion of a target nucleic acid to which one or more oligonucleotides (e.g., a radical of a ligand included in the oligonucleotides) is targeted. “Terminal group” means a chemical group or group of atoms that is covalently linked to a terminus of an oligonucleotide. The term “sense oligonucleotide,” “sense oligonucleotide strand,” or “sense strand” means the strand of a double-stranded oligonucleotide that includes a region that is substantially complementary to a region of the antisense strand of the double-stranded oligonucleotide. The sense strand may carry a translatable code in the 5′ to 3′ direction. The term “antisense oligonucleotide,” “antisense oligonucleotide strand,” or “antisense strand” means an oligonucleotide which includes a region that is complementary, or at least partially complementary, to a target nucleic acid or sense strand of a nucleic acid. In some embodiments, the antisense strand does not carry a translatable code in the 5′ to 3′ direction. In some embodiments, the antisense strand and the sense strand or target nucleic acid are at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% complementary to one another. In certain embodiments, the antisense strand and the sense strand or target nucleic acid are completely complementary (100% complementary) to one another. The terms “microRNA” and “miRNA,” as may be used interchangeably herein, refer to short (e.g., about 20 to about 24 nucleotides in length) non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce a stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) approximately 70 nucleotides in length, which is further processed in the RNAi pathway. As part of this pathway, the pre-miRNA is cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing (i.e., partial complementarity) with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. This mechanism is most often seen through the binding of the miRNA on the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the target mRNA, which can decrease gene expression by either inhibiting translation (for example, by blocking the access of ribosomes for translation) or directly causing degradation of the transcript. The term (i.e., miRNA) may be used herein to refer to any form of the subject miRNA (e.g., precursor, primary, and / or mature miRNA). The terms “small interfering RNA,” “short interfering RNA,” and “siRNA,” as may be used interchangeably herein, refer to RNA compounds that present as non-coding single-stranded RNA or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) compounds having a strand or strands of about 20 to about 24 nucleotides in length and are useful in RNA interference (RNAi). siRNAs are often found with phosphorylated 5′ ends and hydroxylated 3′ ends, which 3′ ends typically have a 2- nucleotide overhang beyond the 5′ end of the anti-parallel strand (e.g., complementary strand of the dsRNA compound). siRNAs can interfere with the expression of specific genes through binding of target sequences (e.g., target nucleic acid sequences) to which they are complementary and promoting (e.g., facilitating, triggering, initiating) degradation of the mRNA, thereby preventing (e.g., inhibiting, silencing, interfering with) translation. RNAi act, at least in part, through an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway or Ago2, but not through RNaseΗ, to modulate a target nucleic acid and / or protein encoded by a target nucleic acid. After integration and separation into the RISC complex, siRNAs base-pair (e.g., full complementarity) to their target mRNA and cleave it, thereby preventing it from being used as a translation template. As discussed herein above, also part of the RNAi pathway, a miRNA-loaded RISC complex scans cytoplasmic mRNAs for potential complementarity (e.g., partial complementarity). The term “circular RNA” (“circRNA”) refers to an RNA that is covalently closed (i.e., the 5′ and 3′ ends have been joined together) to form a continuous loop. CircRNAs are resistant to exonuclease degradation and are often much more stable than a corresponding linear RNA of the same sequence. CircRNAs therefore typically have longer half-lives than linear RNAs. They have many different biological functions and are known to act, for example, as transcriptional regulators, microRNA sponges, and protein templates. CircRNAs are also known to interact with proteins, e.g., by mediating or altering protein-protein interactions, sequestering proteins, recruiting proteins to chromatin, and facilitating protein translocation. A “short hairpin RNA” (“shRNA”) refers to an RNA compound with a tight hairpin turn that can be used, for example, to silence target gene expression via RNAi. shRNA often have lower rates of degradation and turnover relative to other RNAi agents due to the presence of the hairpin structure. The term “mRNA” or “mRNA molecule” refers to messenger RNA, or the RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis in a cell. The sequence of a strand of mRNA is based on the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA comprising a sequence coding for the protein to be synthesized. The term “ADAR recruiting compound,” as may be used herein, refers to a nucleic acid that is configured to increase the concentration of Adenosine Deaminase Acting on Ribonucleic Acid (ADAR) enzyme in a location around the nucleic acid. In some embodiments, an increased concentration is relative to the concentration in a given location absent the ADAR recruiting compound. In some embodiments, an ADAR recruiting compound comprises a double-stranded RNA duplex. The term “ADAR targeting compound,” as may be used herein, refers to a nucleic acid that is configured to direct an ADAR compound to a desirable location (e.g., location). As used herein, the term “direct” refers to increasing the concentration of ADAR in the desirable location as compared to the concentration absent the ADAR targeting compound. In some embodiments, the ADAR targeting compound can be configured to control the desirable location by altering the sequence and / or properties of the nucleic acid (e.g., by modifications to the nucleobase, sugar, internucleoside linkage, or other component). In some embodiments, an ADAR targeting compound comprises an ADAR recruiting compound and a single-stranded guide nucleic acid. In some embodiments, an ADAR targeting compound comprises a double-stranded RNA duplex and a single-stranded guide nucleic acid. The term “single-stranded guide nucleic acid” or “guide RNA,” as may be used herein, refers to a nucleic acid of a single strand, which comprises a specific sequence that is at least partially complementary to a target sequence. In some embodiments, the target sequence is at, adjacent to, or in proximity to, a location where it is desirable to modulate ADAR concentration. In some embodiments, the level of complementarity is sufficient to facilitate binding (e.g., annealing) of the single-stranded guide nucleic acid to the target sequence. “Modified oligonucleotide” means an oligonucleotide, wherein at least one sugar, nucleobase, or internucleoside linkage is modified. The modification may be any of those described in the present disclosure or known in the art. The modification may be by chemical means, enzymatic means, and / or biological means. The modification may be substitution with a chemical moiety. The modification may be replacement with a chemical moiety. “Nucleobase sequence” means the order of contiguous nucleobases in a nucleic acid or oligonucleotide independent of any sugar or internucleoside linkage. The term “oligomeric duplex” means a duplex formed by two oligomeric compounds having complementary nucleobase sequences. Each oligomeric compound of an oligomeric duplex may be referred to as a “duplex oligomeric compound.” The oligonucleotides of each oligomeric compound of an oligomeric duplex may include non-complementary overhanging nucleosides. “Phosphorothioate,” “phosphorothioate linkage,” or “phosphorothioate linker” means a modified phosphate linkage in which one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms is replaced with a sulfur atom. “Phosphorothiolate,” “phosphorothiolate linkage,” or “phosphorothiolate linker” means a modified phosphate linkage in which one or each of the bridging oxygen atoms is replaced with a sulfur atom. A “linker” refers to a polyvalent (e.g., divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent) chemical moiety (e.g., a combination of atoms having appropriate valency according to known chemistry principles) that covalently connects two or more (e.g., three or four) components of a compound (e.g., oligonucleotide) provided herein. The term “ligand” refers to a substance that binds to or otherwise interacts with a protein, nucleic acid, or other biological molecule. In some embodiments, a ligand is selected from the group consisting of small molecules; saccharides; oligosaccharides; polysaccharides; biological macromolecules, e.g., peptides, proteins, and peptide analogs and derivatives; peptidomimetics; antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof; nucleic acids; nucleic acid analogs and derivatives; an extract made from biological materials such as bacteria, plants, fungi, or animal cells; animal tissues; and naturally occurring or synthetic compositions. In some embodiments, a ligand is a small molecule. In some embodiments, a ligand binds to a protein (e.g., a receptor). In certain embodiments, a ligand binds to an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor. In some embodiments, a ligand is capable of selectively targeting an oligonucleotide (e.g., an oligonucleotide strand thereof) to a region of the body, or to a cell. In some embodiments, a ligand is capable of targeting an oligonucleotide (e.g., an oligonucleotide strand thereof) to the muscle of a subject. In some embodiments, a ligand is capable of targeting an oligonucleotide (e.g., an oligonucleotide strand thereof) to a muscle. In some embodiments, a ligand is not a lipid. The term “α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor” refers to heterodimeric integrin receptors formed by association of integrin alpha 4 and integrin beta 1 (i.e., the α4β1 integrin receptor) and / or integrin alpha 4 and integrin beta 7 (i.e., the α4β7integrin receptor). In certain embodiments, the α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand has a higher binding affinity for α4β1 integrin receptor than α4β7 integrin receptor. In certain embodiments, the α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand has a higher binding affinity for α4β7integrin receptor than α4β1integrin receptor. The term “internal position” of an oligonucleotide strand refers to a position of the oligonucleotide strand other than the 5′ or 3′ nucleoside. In some embodiments, the internal position is at an internucleoside linkage (e.g., the internucleoside linkage between the 5′ nucleoside and the second nucleoside counted from the 5′ end; the internucleoside linkage between the 3′ nucleoside and the second nucleoside counted from the 3′ end; the internucleoside linkage between the first n and n+1 nucleosides counted from the 5′ end, wherein n is an integer between 1 and 20, inclusive, as the number of nucleosides of the oligonucleotide strand permits). In some embodiments, the internal position is at a position on an “internal nucleoside” (a nucleoside that is not the 5′ or 3′ nucleoside). An oligonucleotide comprising a modification (e.g., conjugation of a radical of a ligand) at an internal position may be referred to as an “internally- modified oligonucleotide.” The term “lipid” or “lipophilic moiety” refers to organic compounds that are substantially insoluble in water at ambient temperature and pressure. A lipid may be a lipid recited in the LIPID MAPS®Structure Database (LMSD). A lipid may be a fatty acyl, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, saccharolipid, polyketide, sterol lipid, or prenol lipid. A fatty acyl may be a fatty acid or conjugate, octadecanoid, eicosanoid, docosanoid, fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde, fatty ester, fatty amide, fatty nitrile, fatty ether, hydrocarbon, oxygenated hydrocarbon, or fatty acyl glycoside. A glycerolipid may be a monoradylglycerol, diradylglycerol, triradylglycerol, glycosylmonoradylglycerol, glycosyldiradylglycerol, betaine monoradylglycerol, or betaine diradylglycerol. A glycerophospholipid may be a glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphoserine, glycerophosphoglycerol, glycerophosphoglycerophosphate, glycerophosphoinositol, glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate, glycerophosphoinositol bisphosphate, glycerophosphoinositol trisphosphate, glycerophosphate, glyceropyrophosphate, glycerophosphoglycerophosphoglycerol, CDP-glycerol, glycosylglycerophospholipid, glycerophosphoinositolglycan, glycerophosphonocholine, glycerophosphonoethanolamine, di- glycerol tetraether phospholipid, glycerol-nonitol tetraether phospholipid, oxidized glycerophospholipid, glycerophosphoethanolamine glycan, dihydroxyacetonephosphate, glycerophosphoethanol, glycerophosphothreonine, or cyclic glycerophosphatidic acid. A sphingolipid may be a sphingoid base, ceramide, phosphosphingolipid, phosphonosphingolipid, neutral glycosphingolipid, acidic glycosphingolipid, basic glycosphingolipid, amphoteric glycosphingolipid, or arsenosphingolipid. A saccharolipid may be an acylaminosugar, acylaminosugar glycan, acyltrehalose, or acyltrehalose glycan. A polyketide may be a linear polyketide, halogenated acetogenin, annonaceae acetogenin, macrolide, lactone polyketide, ansamycin, polyene, linear tetracycline, angucycline, polyether antibiotic, aflatoxin, cytochalasin, flavonoid, aromatic polyketide, non-ribosomal peptide / polyketide hybrid, or phenolic lipid. A sterol lipid may be a sterol, steroid, secosteroid, bile acid or a derivative thereof, or steroid conjugate. A prenol lipid may be an isoprenoid, quinone, hydroquinone, polyprenol, or hopanoid. The term lipid includes, e.g., cholesterol, retinoic acid, cholic acid, adamantane acetic acid, 1- pyrene butyric acid, dihydrotestosterone, 1,3-bis-O(hexadecyl)glycerol, geranyloxyhexyanol, hexadecylglycerol, borneol, menthol, 1,3- propanediol, heptadecyl group, palmitic acid, myristic acid, O3-(oleoyl)lithocholic acid, O3-(oleoyl)cholenic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, dimethoxytrityl, or phenoxazine. A lipid may be a hydrocarbon (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon). A hydrocarbon may be an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. The size of an unsubstituted hydrocarbon may be C7-C36(that is, the unsubstituted hydrocarbon contains totally 7-36 carbon atoms in the backbone and, if present, the branches). A substituted hydrocarbon may be a hydrocarbon substituted at least with one or more halogen (e.g., F) atoms, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, each substituent of a substituted hydrocarbon is not another hydrocarbon. The size of a substituted hydrocarbon may be C7-C36 (that is, the substituted hydrocarbon contains totally 7-36 carbon atoms in the backbone and, if present, the branches, excluding the atoms in the substituents). The term “unsaturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “saturated” refers to a moiety that does not contain a double or triple bond, i.e., the moiety only contains single bonds. The phrases “in certain embodiments” and “in some embodiments” are used interchangeably. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one instance of A is a radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject comprising administering to the subject the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use in delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject. In certain embodiments, “conjugate” refers to a conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, “conjugate” refers to a conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, r is 1. In certain embodiments, r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, y is 1. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of A is a radical of a lipid. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A are independently a radical of a lipid. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A are independently a radical of a ligand. In some embodiments, the conjugate is of Formula I-A: , (I-A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: is a radical of an oligonucleotide strand; s1 instances of the nucleobase-sugar moieties at internal positions of are independently replaced with a moiety of Formula A: (A); s1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; when s1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6: each instance of N1is independently a radical of a nucleobase or a bond; each instance of t1 is independently 1, 2, or 3; each instance of y1 and y2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; provided that at least one instance of y1 and y2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A1and A2, when present, is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid; when y1 of an instance of is 0, L1thereof is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, –CN, –ORb, –SCN, –SRb, –OS(=O)Rb, –OS(=O)ORb, –OS(=O)SRb, –OS(=O)N(Rb)2, –OS(=O)2Rb, –OS(=O)2ORb, –OS(=O)2SRb, –OS(=O)2N(Rb)2, –ON(Rb)2, –SC(=O)Rb, –SC(=O)ORb, –SC(=O)SRb, –SC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbC(=O)Rb, –NRbC(=O)ORb, –NRbC(=O)SRb, –NRbC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbS(=O)Rb, –NRbS(=O)ORb, –NRbS(=O)SRb, –NRbS(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbS(=O)2Rb, –NRbS(=O)2ORb, –NRbS(=O)2SRb, –NRbS(=O)2N(Rb)2, –Si(Rb)3, –Si(Rb)2ORb, –Si(Rb)(ORb)2, –Si(ORb)3, –OSi(Rb)3, –OSi(Rb)2ORb, –OSi(Rb)(ORb)2, or –OSi(ORb)3; or when y1 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, L1thereof is a linker; each instance of Rbis independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Rbattached to the same intervening atom are joined together with the intervening atom to form an substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring; when y2 of an instance 2thereof is -OH, -ORC, -SH,

[0023] -SRC, -NH2, -NHRC, -N(RC)2, halogen, -CN, or -N3; or when y2 of an instance of 2thereof is a linker; and each instance of Rcis independently substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom;

[0024] 5' 3' vl instances of the internucleosidic linkers of are

[0025] L4independently replaced with (A4)y4. vl is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of LAand L4, when present, is independently a linker; each instance of y4, when present, is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A4, when present, is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid; each instance of y5 and y6 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; when y5 is 0, L5is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group; or when y5 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, L5is a linker; when y6 is 0, L6is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group; or when y6 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, L6is a linker; and each instance of A5and A6, when present, is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid; provided that at least one instance of yl, y2, y4, y5, and y6 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; that the sum of yl, y2, y4, y5, and y6 is not greater than 6; and that at least one instance of A1, A2, A4, A5, and A6is a radical of an 0401 / ? integrin ligand.

[0026] In certain embodiments, at least one instance is one instance. In certain embodiments, at least one instance is two instances. In certain embodiments, at least one instance is each instance.

[0027] In certain embodiments, at least one instance of yl is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of yl is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of yl is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of yl is 2. In certain embodiments, each instance of y2, y4, y5, and y6 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y2 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y2 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y2 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y2 is 2. In certain embodiments, each instance of y1, y4, y5 and y6 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y4 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y4 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y4 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y4 is 2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y1, y2, y5, and y6 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 2. In certain embodiments, each instance of y1, y2, y4, and y6 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2. In certain embodiments, each instance of y1, y2, y4, and y5 is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y1 is 1, and at least one instance of y2, y4, y5, and y6 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y2 is 1, and at least one instance of y1, y4, y5, and y6 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y4 is 1, and at least one instance of y1, y2, y5, and y6 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 1, and at least one instance of y1, y2, y4, and y6 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 1, and at least one instance of y1, y2, y4, and y5 is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of N1is a radical of a nucleobase. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of N1is a radical of adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of N1is a radical of a nucleobase with one or more nucleobase modifications described herein. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of N1is a radical of a nucleobase with one nucleobase modification described herein. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of N1is a radical of a nucleobase with two or three nucleobase modifications described herein. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of N1is a bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of t1 is 1. In some embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a therapeutic agent, prophylactic agent, or diagnostic agent. In some embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an oligonucleotide, small molecule, peptide, or protein. In some embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an antibody. In some embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a monoclonal antibody. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent inhibits the expression of a superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1) gene (e.g., a human SOD1 gene). In certain embodiments, at least one oligonucleotide comprises an oligonucleotide strand having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity or complementarity to a SOD1 gene, or a portion thereof (e.g., 10 nucleotides thereof, 11 nucleotides thereof, 12 nucleotides thereof, 13 nucleotides thereof, 14 nucleotides thereof, 15 nucleotides thereof, 16 nucleotides thereof, 17 nucleotides thereof, 18 nucleotides thereof, 19 nucleotides thereof, 20 nucleotides thereof, 21 nucleotides thereof, 22 nucleotides thereof, 23 nucleotides thereof, 24 nucleotides thereof, 25 nucleotides thereof, 26 nucleotides thereof, 27 nucleotides thereof, 28 nucleotides thereof, 29 nucleotides thereof, or 30 nucleotides thereof). Exemplary nucleotide sequences of the human SOD1 gene can be found, for example, at nucleotides 5092 to 138872 of NG_007398.2 (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 7), and GenBank Accession No NM_016835.5 (incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 8). Additional examples of SOD1 sequences are readily available through publicly available databases, e.g., GenBank, UniProt, and OMIM. Further information on SOD1 can be found, for example, at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / gene / ?term=SOD1. SOD1 also refers to variations of the SOD1 gene including variants provided in the SNP database. Numerous sequence variations within the SOD1 gene have been identified and may be found at, for example, NCBI dbSNP and UniProt (see, e.g., www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / snp / ?term=SOD1). In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide inhibits the expression, translation, or activity of SOD1 in a subject, cell, tissue, or biological sample. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide inhibits the expression, translation, or activity of SOD1 in a subject, cell, tissue, or biological sample by 3-10%, 10-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-90%, or 90-99% relative to the expression, translation, or activity in a negative control (e.g., as measured by an immunoassay, a hybridization-based assay, or a sequencing-based assay (e.g., RNA-Seq)). In some embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, at least one oligonucleotide comprises an RNA. In certain embodiments, at least one oligonucleotide is an RNA. In certain embodiments, at least one oligonucleotide is an siRNA. In certain embodiments, at least one RNA is an siRNA. In certain embodiments, at least one oligonucleotide is a single-stranded oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, at least one oligonucleotide is a double-stranded oligonucleotide comprising a sense oligonucleotide strand and an antisense oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide strand is the sense oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide strand is the antisense oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand has a nucleobase sequence that is at least partially complementary to a target nucleic acid sequence (e.g., an expressed target nucleic acid within a cell). In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide, upon delivery to a cell expressing a target nucleic acid, is able to modify the expression of the underlying gene. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide, upon delivery to a cell expressing a target nucleic acid, is able to inhibit the expression of the underlying gene. The gene expression can be modified or inhibited in vitro or in vivo. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises one or more ribonucleic acids (e.g., one or more ribonucleosides), deoxyribonucleic acids (e.g., one or more deoxyribonucleosides), modified nucleic acids (e.g., one or more modified nucleobases, sugars, and / or internucleoside linkages), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises a ribonucleic acid (RNA). In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises a modification (e.g., modified nucleobase, modified sugar, or modified internucleoside linkage). In certain embodiments, a strand of at least one oligonucleotide has at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99 identity to SEQ ID NO.: 2, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, a strand of at least one oligonucleotide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO.: 2, 4, 5, or 6. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide is double-stranded (e.g., comprised of two single-stranded nucleic acids). In some embodiments, a double-stranded oligonucleotide comprises a first oligonucleotide strand having a region complementary to a target nucleic acid and a second oligonucleotide strand having a region complementary to the first oligonucleotide strand. The first and second oligonucleotide strands can be independently modified. In certain embodiments, the first oligonucleotide strand is linked to one or more radicals of ligands (e.g., α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands). In certain embodiments, the second oligonucleotide strand is linked to one or more radicals of ligands (e.g., α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands). In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at one or more internal positions. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at one or more internal positions. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at a nucleobase. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at the 1′ position of a nucleoside. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at the 2′ position of a nucleoside. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at the 3′ position of a nucleoside. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises one or more radicals of ligands at the 5′ position of a nucleoside. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31- 35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, 56-60, 61-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80, 81-85, 86-90, 91-95, or 96- 100, inclusive, nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is about 6 nucleotides in length to about 100 nucleotides in length, inclusive. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is about 20 nucleotides in length to about 90 nucleotides in length, inclusive. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is about 30 nucleotides in length to about 80 nucleotides in length, inclusive. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is about 40 nucleotides in length to about 70 nucleotides in length, inclusive. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is about 50 nucleotides in length to about 60 nucleotides in length, inclusive. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is about 14 nucleotides in length to about 23 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide is a therapeutic oligonucleotide. A therapeutic oligonucleotide may comprise, for example, without limitation, an RNA (e.g., a small interfering RNA (siRNA), a microRNA (miRNA) antagonist, a miRNA mimic, an ADAR recruiting compound, an ADAR targeting compound, a guide RNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, a short hairpin RNA (shRNA), a circular RNA (circRNA)) or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, a miRNA is a precursor, primary, and / or mature miRNA. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises an antisense oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide strand is complementary to a sense oligonucleotide strand (e.g., at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary). In certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide strand is complementary to a pre-mRNA. In certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide strand blocks translation and promotes degradation of the mRNA transcript. In certain embodiments, the antisense oligonucleotide (alone or together with a complementary sense oligonucleotide) is able to silence gene expression through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway. In certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide strand recruits RNase H and promotes degradation of the mRNA transcript. In certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide strand targets miRNA, inhibiting the miRNA from modulating mRNA expression and promoting degradation of the miRNA. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises or recruits an editing complex to edit RNA. Certain conjugates of the present disclosure can exist in an unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. Certain conjugates of the present disclosure may exist in crystalline or amorphous forms. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises an oligonucleotide strand having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity or complementarity to a gene (e.g., human gene) with which a muscle disease is associated, or a portion thereof (e.g., 10 nucleotides thereof, 11 nucleotides thereof, 12 nucleotides thereof, 13 nucleotides thereof, 14 nucleotides thereof, 15 nucleotides thereof, 16 nucleotides thereof, 17 nucleotides thereof, 18 nucleotides thereof, 19 nucleotides thereof, 20 nucleotides thereof, 21 nucleotides thereof, 22 nucleotides thereof, 23 nucleotides thereof, 24 nucleotides thereof, 25 nucleotides thereof, 26 nucleotides thereof, 27 nucleotides thereof, 28 nucleotides thereof, 29 nucleotides thereof, or 30 nucleotides thereof). In certain embodiments, the disease is associated with the overexpression of the gene. In certain embodiments, “associated with” refers to “caused at least in part by.” In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises a sense oligonucleotide strand having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity to a gene described herein. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises a sense oligonucleotide strand having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% complementarity to a gene described herein. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises an antisense oligonucleotide strand having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% complementarity to the sense oligonucleotide strand. In some embodiments, the conjugates provided herein comprise one or more linkers (e.g., L). In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a chain structure, such as a hydrocarbyl chain, or an oligomer of repeating units or combination of such repeating units. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, or 46-50, inclusive, repeating units. In certain embodiments, the repeating unit is –CH2–. In certain embodiments, the repeating unit is –CH2CH2O– or –OCH2CH2–. In certain embodiments, a linker is 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, 56-60, 61-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80, 81-85, 86-90, 91-95, or 96-100, inclusive, atoms long, between any two of the attachment points. In certain embodiments, a linker contains in the backbone thereof carbon atoms (e.g., 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, 56-60, 61-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80, 81-85, 86-90, 91-95, or 96-100, inclusive, carbon atoms). In certain embodiments, a linker contains in the backbone thereof heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorous) (e.g., 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, 16-18, 19-21, 22-24, 25-27, 28-30, 31-33, 34-36, or 37-40, inclusive, heteroatoms). In certain embodiments, a linker comprises in the backbone thereof amide, ester, disulfide, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises in the backbone thereof hydrazone, oxime, imine, guanidine, urea, carbamate, alkyl, sulfonamide, heterocyclic, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises in the backbone thereof one or more groups independently selected from alkyl, amino, οxο, amide, disulfide, polyethylene glycol, ether, thioether, and hydroxylamino. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises in the backbone thereof at least one phosphorus atom. In certain embodiments, a linker includes at least one non-polar linking group. In certain embodiments, a linker includes at least one polar linking group. In certain embodiments, a linker includes at least one linking group formed by a click- chemistry reaction of a first and second click-chemistry reactive moieties. In certain embodiments, a linker is substituted. In certain embodiments, a linker is substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, trialkylamino, hydroxyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, halogen, aryl, heterocyclic, aromatic heterocyclic, cyano, amide, carbamoyl, carboxylic acid, ester, thioether, alkylthioether, thiol, ureido, or a combination thereof. As would be appreciated by one of skill in this art, each of these groups may in turn be substituted. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted with one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more than ten substituents. In some embodiments, a linker is a bond (e.g., a single bond). In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted alkylene. In some embodiments, a terminal backbone carbon atom of alkylene is an attachment point. In some embodiments, an internal backbone carbon atom of alkylene is an attachment point. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted alkenylene. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted alkynylene. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150alkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150alkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the C1-150alkylene, C2-150 alkenylene, or C2-150 alkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 alkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 alkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the Ci-100 alkylene, C2-100 alkenylene, or C2- 100 alkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene, C7-70 alkenylene, or C7-70 alkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, one or two backbone atoms of the C7- 70 alkylene, C7-70 alkenylene, or C7-70 alkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37- 44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 alkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 alkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the C1-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37- 44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 alkylene, C2-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 alkenylene, or C2-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 alkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits.

[0028] In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted alkenylene comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more than ten double bonds. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted alkynylene comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more than ten triple bonds. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted, alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene and comprises one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five) branch points. In certain embodiments, the linker comprises two, three, four, or five branch points.

[0029] In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, a terminal backbone atom of heteroalkylene is an attachment point. In some embodiments, an internal backbone atom of hetero alkylene is an attachment point). In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted heteroalkenylene. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted heteroalkynylene. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-150 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-isoheteroalkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the Ci-150 heteroalkylene, C2-150 heteroalkenylene, or C2-150 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-100 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the Ci-100 heteroalkylene, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or C2-100 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the C7-70 heteroalkylene, C7-70 heteroalkenylene, or C7-70 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, one or two backbone atoms of the C7-70 heteroalkylene, C7-70 heteroalkenylene, or C7-70 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, a linker is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or C61-70 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or C61-70 heteroalkynylene. In certain embodiments, one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) backbone atoms of the C1-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or C61-70 heteroalkylene, C1-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei-70 heteroalkenylene, or C2-6, C7-12, C13-18, C19-24, C25-30, C31-36, C37-44, C45-52, C53-60, or Cei- 7oheteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits.

[0030] In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroarylene. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl fused with substituted or unsubstituted, 7- to 9-membered, monocyclic carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl fused with substituted or unsubstituted, 7- to 9-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl fused with substituted or unsubstituted, 7- to 9-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl fused with one or two substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heterocyclylene. In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is a moiety formed by a click-chemistry reaction of a first and second click-chemistry reactive moieties.

[0031] In some embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is of the formula: k21is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each instance of Rd, if present, is independently halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, or –O–(substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl); k22is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; each instance of Re, if present, is independently halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, or –O–(substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl); k23is an integer between 0 and 11, inclusive; each instance of Rf, if present, is independently halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, or –O–(substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl); and Rgis hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, or –O–(substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl). The substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms may be attached at either direction. In certain embodiments, the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms is of the formula: The substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms may be attached at any orientation. In certain embodiments, the conjugate is of the formula: (I-A-16), (I-A-17), (I-A-18), or (I-A-19). In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the oxygen atom substituted at the 3′ position of the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the 3′ position of the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the nucleobase of the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the 1′ position of the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand, wherein the 3′ end is an abasic nucleoside. In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the 2′ position of the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L6is attached to the oxygen atom substituted at the 2′ position of the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. . In certain embodiments, L6is substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L6comprises one or more of the following –CH2–, , combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of L6is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and L6does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. , the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L6is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L6does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted heteroalkenylene comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more than ten double bonds. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted heteroalkynylene comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more than ten triple bonds. In some embodiments, a linker is optionally substituted heteroalkylene, heteroalkenylene, or heteroalkynylene and comprises one or more (e.g., two, three, four, or five) branch point. In certain embodiments, the linker comprises two, three, four, or five branch points. In some embodiments, optionally substituted heteroalkylene is optionally substituted polyethylene glycol (optionally substituted PEG). In some embodiments, a terminal backbone atom of the PEG is an attachment point. In some embodiments, an internal backbone atom of the PEG is an attachment point. In some embodiments, a linker comprises one or more PEG repeating units (–OCH2CH2– or –CH2CH2O–). In certain embodiments, a linker comprises 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, or 14-15 PEG repeating units. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 PEG repeating units. In some embodiments, a linker comprises one or more (e.g., two, three, or four) PEG. In some embodiments, a linker comprises a moiety formed by a Michael addition reaction of a Michael donor and a Michael acceptor. In some embodiments, the Michael donor is an enolate. In some embodiments, the Michael acceptor is a moiety comprising α,β-unsaturated- carbonyl. In some embodiments, the Michael donor is –SH. In some embodiments, the Michael acceptor i . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the C1-100alkylene, C2-100alkenylene, C2-100 alkynylene, C1-100 heteroalkylene, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or C2-100 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one, two, three, or four backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene, C7-70 alkenylene, C7-70alkynylene, C7-70heteroalkylene, C7-70heteroalkenylene, or C7-70heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkylene; and one, two, three, or four backbone atoms of the C7-70alkylene or C7-70heteroalkylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L comprises one or more of the following – combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L is between 2 and 6, between 7 and 12, between 13 and 20, between 21 and 30, between 31 and 40, between 41 and 50, between 51 and 60, between 61 and 80, between 81 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L comprises one or more of the following – combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L is between 7 and 70, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L comprises one or more of the following – combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L is between 2 and 6, between 7 and 12, between 13 and 20, between 21 and 30, between 31 and 40, between 41 and 50, between 51 and 60, between 61 and 80, or between 81 and 100, inclusive; the at least one instance of L does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N; and the combined number of –C(=O)NH–, –NHC(=O)–, , and of the at least one instance of L is between 0 and 4, inclusive. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L comprises one or more of the following – the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L is between 7 and 70, inclusive; the at least one instance of L does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N; and the combined number the linker is between 0 and 4, inclusive. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L is a combination of –CH2–, , at: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, a linker includes –CH2–, –O–, –CH2CH2O–, –OCH2CH2–, –C(=O)NH–, –C(=O)N(CH3)–, –NHC(=O)–, or –N(CH3)C(=O)–. In some embodiments, a linker is a combination of any two or more (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten) of –CH2–, –O–, –CH2CH2O–, –OCH2CH2–, –C(=O)NH–, –C(=O)N(CH3)–, –NHC(=O)–, and –N(CH3)C(=O)–, provided that the number of backbone atoms of the instance of the linker is between 7 and 70, inclusive; and the instance of the linker does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In certain embodiments, when a linker comprises one or more of the following –CH2–, combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, the linker comprises all possible permutations, e.g., –CH2–CH2–, – CH2–C(=O)NH–, and –CH2–CH2–C(=O)NH–. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a cleavable bond or moiety. In certain embodiments, a linker does not comprise a cleavable bond or moiety. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a covalent attachment to a solid support. In certain embodiments, a linker includes multiple positions for attachment of radicals of ligands. In certain embodiments, the linker comprises a peptide in the backbone of the linker. In certain embodiments, the peptide comprises 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, or 36- 40, inclusive, amino acids. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a polyradical of: pyrrolidine, 8-amino-3,6- dioxaoctanoic acid (ADO), succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), 6-aminohexanoic acid (ΑΗΕΧ or AHA), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L is each of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3–LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17–LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of LB1, LB2, and LB6is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100heteroalkylene; each of LC1and LC2is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bond CAis attached to A. In some embodiments, each of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3–LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17– LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3–LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17–LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3–LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17–LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3–LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17–LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3–LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17–LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –LA1–LA2–, –LA3– LA4–, –LA5–LA6–, –LA7–LA8–, –LA17–LA18–, and –LA19–LA20– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of LB1, LB2, and LB6is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of LB1, LB2, and LB6is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of LB1, LB2, and LB6is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of LB1, LB2, and LB6independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of LC1and LC2are independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of LC1and LC2are independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of LC1and LC2are independently (which may be attached at either direction). In some embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 0, and L1thereof is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic heteroaryl, –CN, –ORb, –SCN, –SRb, –SSRb, –N3, –NO, –N(Rb)2, –NO2, –C(=O)Rb, –C(=O)ORb, –C(=O)SRb, –C(=O)N(Rb)2, –S(=O)Rb, –S(=O)ORb, –S(=O)SRb, –S(=O)N(Rb)2, –S(=O)2Rb, –S(=O)2ORb, –S(=O)2SRb, –S(=O)2N(Rb)2, –OC(=O)Rb, –OC(=O)ORb, –OC(=O)SRb, –OC(=O)N(Rb)2, –OS(=O)Rb, –OS(=O)ORb, –OS(=O)SRb, –OS(=O)N(Rb)2, –OS(=O)2Rb, –OS(=O)2ORb, –OS(=O)2SRb, –OS(=O)2N(Rb)2, –ON(Rb)2, –SC(=O)Rb, –SC(=O)ORb, –SC(=O)SRb, –SC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbC(=O)Rb, –NRbC(=O)ORb, –NRbC(=O)SRb, –NRbC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbS(=O)Rb, –NRbS(=O)ORb, –NRbS(=O)SRb, –NRbS(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbS(=O)2Rb, –NRbS(=O)2ORb, –NRbS(=O)2SRb, or –NRbS(=O)2N(Rb)2. In some embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 0, and L1thereof is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6heteroalkyl, –CN, –ORb, –SCN, –SRb, –SSRb, –N3, –NO, –N(Rb)2, –NO2, –C(=O)Rb, –C(=O)ORb, –C(=O)SRb, –C(=O)N(Rb)2, –S(=O)Rb, –S(=O)ORb, –S(=O)SRb, –S(=O)N(Rb)2, –S(=O)2Rb, –S(=O)2ORb, –S(=O)2SRb, –S(=O)2N(Rb)2, –OC(=O)Rb, –OC(=O)ORb, –OC(=O)SRb, –OC(=O)N(Rb)2, –OS(=O)Rb, –OS(=O)ORb, –OS(=O)SRb, –OS(=O)N(Rb)2, –OS(=O)2Rb, –OS(=O)2ORb, –OS(=O)2SRb, –OS(=O)2N(Rb)2, –ON(Rb)2, –SC(=O)Rb, –SC(=O)ORb, –SC(=O)SRb, –SC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbC(=O)Rb, –NRbC(=O)ORb, –NRbC(=O)SRb, –NRbC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbS(=O)Rb, –NRbS(=O)ORb, –NRbS(=O)SRb, –NRbS(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbS(=O)2Rb, –NRbS(=O)2ORb, –NRbS(=O)2SRb, or –NRbS(=O)2N(Rb)2. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 0, and L1thereof is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, –ORb, or –N(Rb)2. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 0, and L1thereof is hydrogen, halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 0, and L1thereof is hydrogen. In some embodiments, each instance of Rbis independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rbis independently hydrogen. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rbis independently unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rbis independently CH3, CH2CH3, or CH2CH2CH3. In some embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L1thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the C1-100 alkylene, C2-100 alkenylene, C2-100 alkynylene, C1-100 heteroalkylene, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or C2-100 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L1thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkenylene; optionally wherein one, two, three, or four backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene, C7-70 alkenylene, C7-70heteroalkylene, or C7-70heteroalkenylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L1thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene; and one, two, three, or four backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene or C7-70 heteroalkylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, at least one instance of is of the formula: each of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, –L1A5–L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L1B1and L1B2is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene; L1C1is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bond C1Ais attached to A1. In some embodiments, each of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, –L1A5–L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, –L1A5–L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, –L1A5–L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, – L1A5–L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, –L1A5–L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L1A1–L1A2–, –L1A3–L1A4–, –L1A5– L1A6–, and –L1A7–L1A8– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, – SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L1B1and L1B2is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L1B1and L1B2is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L1B1and L1B2is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L1B1and L1B2independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, L1C1is a single bond. In certain embodiments, L1C1is substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, L1C1is (which may be attached at either direction). In some embodiments, L1thereof is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7–L1A8– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7–L1A8– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7–L1A8– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7–L1A8– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7–L1A8– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7–L1A8– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L1A7– L1A8– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L1thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, y1 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L1 thereof comprises one or more of the following –CH2–, , , –O–, –CH2CH2O–, – combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of L1thereof is between 7 and 70, inclusive; and L1thereof does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L1is a combination of –CH2–, , , –O–, –CH2CH2O–, –OCH2CH2–, –C(=O)NH–, –C(=O)N(CH3)–, –NHC(=O)–, –N(CH3)C(=O)–, , and , provided that: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L1is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L1does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L2thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the C1-100 alkylene, C2-100 alkenylene, C2-100alkynylene, C1-100heteroalkylene, C2-100heteroalkenylene, or C2-100heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L2thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C7- 70 heteroalkenylene; optionally wherein one, two, or three backbone atoms of the C7-70alkylene, C7-70alkenylene, C7-70 heteroalkylene, or C7-70 heteroalkenylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L2thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene; and one, two, or three backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene or C7-70 heteroalkylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of is of the . In some embodiments, at least one instance of is of the formula: Each of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, –L2A5–L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2º–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L2B1and L2B2is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100heteroalkylene; L2C1is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bond C2Ais attached to A2. In some embodiments, each of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, –L2A5–L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, –L2A5–L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, –L2A5–L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, – L2A5–L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, –L2A5–L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L2A1–L2A2–, –L2A3–L2A4–, –L2A5– L2A6–, and –L2A7–L2A8– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, – SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L2B1and L2B2is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L2B1and L2B2is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L2B1and L2B2is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L2B1and L2B2independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, L2C1is a single bond. In certain embodiments, L2C1is substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, L2C1is (which may be attached at either direction). In certain embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 0, L2thereof is a sugar modification described herein. In certain embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 0, L2thereof is –OCH3, F, or –CH3. In some embodiments, s1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, at least one instance of y20, and the L2thereof is –OH, –OCH3, or F. In some embodiments, at least one instance of is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7–L2A8– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7–L2A8– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7–L2A8– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7–L2A8– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7–L2A8– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7–L2A8– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A7– L2A8– is a single bond. In some embodiments, at least one instance the formula:

[0032] each of –L2A9–L2A10–, –L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, –L2A15–L2A16–, –L2A17–L2A18–, – L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21–L2A22–, and –L2A23–L2A24– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S– S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, – S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L2B3, L2B4, L2B5, L2B6, L2B7, and L2B8is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene; each of L2C2and L2C3is independently is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; bond C2Bis attached to a first instance of A2; and bond C2Cis attached to a second instance of A2. In some embodiments, each of –L2A9–L2A10–, –L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, –L2A15– L2A16–, –L2A17–L2A18–, –L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21–L2A22–, and –L2A23–L2A24– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L2A9– L2A10–, –L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, –L2A15–L2A16–, –L2A17–L2A18–, –L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21– L2A22–, and –L2A23–L2A24– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or – NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L2A9–L2A10–, –L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, – L2A15–L2A16–, –L2A17–L2A18–, –L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21–L2A22–, and –L2A23–L2A24– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L2A9–L2A10–, – L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, –L2A15–L2A16–, –L2A17–L2A18–, –L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21–L2A22–, and – L2A23–L2A24– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L2A9–L2A10–, –L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, –L2A15–L2A16–, – L2A17–L2A18–, –L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21–L2A22–, and –L2A23–L2A24– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L2A9–L2A10–, –L2A11–L2A12–, –L2A13–L2A14–, –L2A15–L2A16–, – L2A17–L2A18–, –L2A19–L2A20–, –L2A21–L2A22–, and –L2A23–L2A24– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L2B3, L2B4, L2B5, L2B6, L2B7, and L2B8is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L2B3, L2B4, L2B5, L2B6, L2B7, and L2B8is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L2B3, L2B4, L2B5, L2B6, L2B7, and L2B8is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L2B3, L2B4, L2B5, L2B6, L2B7, and L2B8independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L2C2and L2C3is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L2C2and L2C3is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L2C2and L2C3is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In some embodiments, at least one instance the formula:

[0033] . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A17–L2A18– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A17–L2A18– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A17–L2A18– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A17–L2A18– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A17–L2A18– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A17–L2A18– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L2A17–L2A18– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A23–L2A24– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A23–L2A24– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A23–L2A24– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A23–L2A24– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A23–L2A24– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L2A23–L2A24– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – bond. In certain embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L2thereof is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, y2 of an instance of is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and L2thereof comprises one or more of the following –CH2–, , , –O–, –CH2CH2O–, – , or a combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of L2thereof is between 7 and 70, inclusive; and L2thereof does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L2is a combination of –CH2–, , at: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L2is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L2does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In certain embodiments, the conjugate is of the formula: (I-A-1), (I-A-2), (I-A-3), (I-A-4), (I-A-5), (I-A-6), (I-A-7), (I-A-8), or (I-A-9). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of the internucleosidic linkers is between the first n and n+1 nucleoside of the oligonucleotide strand counted from the 5’ end; and n is an integer between 1 and 20, inclusive, as the number of nucleosides of the oligonucleotide strand permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance between the first n and n+1 nucleosides of the oligonucleotide strand counted from the 5’ end; and n is an integer between 1 and 20, inclusive, as the number of nucleosides of the oligonucleotide strand permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance between the first and second nucleosides of the oligonucleotide strand counted from the 5’ end. In certain embodiments, at least one instance internal position of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, at least one instance between the first and second nucleosides of the oligonucleotide strand counted from the 3’ end. In some embodiments, at least one instance of LAis of the formula: each instance of ZA1and ZA2is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6 alkenylene; each instance of WAis independently a radical, as valency permits, of substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, -O-, -OP(=O)(ORc)O-, -N(Rc)-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NRc-, -NRcC(=O)-, -C(=O)Rc-, -NRcC(=O)O-, -NRcC(=O)NRc-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)N(Rc)-, -S(=O)2NRc-, -NRcS(=O)2-, or a combination thereof; each instance of Rcis independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or two instances of RCare joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl ring; and bond C4Ais attached to L4. In some embodiments, at least one instance of ZA1is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkylene. In some embodiments, at least one instance of ZA1is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-3 alkylene. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of ZA1is unsubstituted C1-3alkylene. In some embodiments, at least one instance of ZA2is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkylene. In some embodiments, at least one instance of ZA2is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-3 alkylene. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of ZA2is unsubstituted C1-3alkylene. In some embodiments, WAis -N(Rc)-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)NRc-, or -NRcC(=O)-. In certain embodiments, WAis -N(Rc)-, -C(=O)NRc-, or -NRcC(=O)-. In some embodiments, each instance of Rcis independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In some embodiments, at least one instance of LAis of the formula . . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L4is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the C1-100 alkylene, C2-100 alkenylene, C2-100alkynylene, C1-100heteroalkylene, C2-100heteroalkenylene, or C2-100heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L4is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one, two, three, or four backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene, C7-70 alkenylene, C7-70alkynylene, C7-70heteroalkylene, C7-70heteroalkenylene, or C7-70heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L4is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkylene; and one, two, three, or four backbone atoms of the C7-70 alkylene or C7-70 heteroalkylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, at least one instance thereof is each of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, –L4A5–L4A6–, –L4A7–L4A8–, –L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L4B1, L4B2, and L4B3is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene; each of L4C1and L4C2is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bond C4Ais attached to A4. In some embodiments, each of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, –L4A5–L4A6–, –L4A7–L4A8–, – L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or – NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, –L4A5–L4A6–, –L4A7– L4A8–, –L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, – C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, –L4A5– L4A6–, –L4A7–L4A8–, –L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently a single bond, – C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, –L4A5– L4A6–, –L4A7–L4A8–, –L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently a single bond, – C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, – L4A5–L4A6–, –L4A7–L4A8–, –L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L4A1–L4A2–, –L4A3–L4A4–, –L4A5–L4A6–, –L4A7–L4A8–, – L4A17–L4A18–, and –L4A19–L4A20– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, – SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L4B1, L4B2, and L4B3is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L4B1, L4B2, and L4B3is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L4B1, L4B2, and L4B3is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L4B1, L4B2, and L4B3independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L4C1and L4C2is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L4C1and L4C2is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L4C1and L4C2is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In some embodiments, at least one instance thereof is each of –L4A21–L4A22–, –L4A23–L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27–L4A28–, –L4A29–L4A30–, – L4A31–L4A32–, –L4A33–L4A34–, –L4A35–L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39–L4A40–, –L4A41–L4A42–, – L4A43–L4A44–, –L4A45–L4A46–, –L4A47–L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently a single bond, – O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, – C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, – NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, – OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, – OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, – NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, – S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L4B4, L4B5, L4B6, L4B7, L4B8, L4B9, L4B10, L4B11, and L4B12is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene; each of L4C3, L4C4, L4C5, L4C6, L4C7, and L4C8is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; bond C4Bis attached to a first instance of A4; and bond C4Cis attached to a second instance of A4. In some embodiments, each of –L4A21–L4A22–, –L4A23–L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27– L4A28–, –L4A29–L4A30–, –L4A31–L4A32–, –L4A33–L4A34–, –L4A35–L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39– L4A40–, –L4A41–L4A42–, –L4A43–L4A44–, –L4A45–L4A46–, –L4A47–L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L4A21–L4A22–, –L4A23–L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27–L4A28–, –L4A29–L4A30–, –L4A31– L4A32–, –L4A33–L4A34–, –L4A35–L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39–L4A40–, –L4A41–L4A42–, –L4A43– L4A44–, –L4A45–L4A46–, –L4A47–L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently a single bond, –O–, – NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L4A21–L4A22–, –L4A23– L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27–L4A28–, –L4A29–L4A30–, –L4A31–L4A32–, –L4A33–L4A34–, –L4A35– L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39–L4A40–, –L4A41–L4A42–, –L4A43–L4A44–, –L4A45–L4A46–, –L4A47– L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L4A21–L4A22–, –L4A23–L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27–L4A28–, – L4A29–L4A30–, –L4A31–L4A32–, –L4A33–L4A34–, –L4A35–L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39–L4A40–, – L4A41–L4A42–, –L4A43–L4A44–, –L4A45–L4A46–, –L4A47–L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L4A21– L4A22–, –L4A23–L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27–L4A28–, –L4A29–L4A30–, –L4A31–L4A32–, –L4A33– L4A34–, –L4A35–L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39–L4A40–, –L4A41–L4A42–, –L4A43–L4A44–, –L4A45– L4A46–, –L4A47–L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L4A21–L4A22–, –L4A23–L4A24–, –L4A25–L4A26–, –L4A27–L4A28–, – L4A29–L4A30–, –L4A31–L4A32–, –L4A33–L4A34–, –L4A35–L4A36–, –L4A37–L4A38–, –L4A39–L4A40–, – L4A41–L4A42–, –L4A43–L4A44–, –L4A45–L4A46–, –L4A47–L4A48–, and –L4A49–L4A50– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or – OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L4B4, L4B5, L4B6, L4B7, L4B8, L4B9, L4B10, L4B11, and L4B12is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L4B4, L4B5, L4B6, L4B7, L4B8, L4B9, L4B10, L4B11, and L4B12is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L4B4, L4B5, L4B6, L4B7, L4B8, L4B9, L4B10, L4B11, and L4B12is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L4B4, L4B5, L4B6, L4B7, L4B8, L4B9, L4B10, L4B11, and L4B12independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L4C3, L4C4, L4C5, L4C6, L4C7, and L4C8is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L4C3, L4C4, L4C5, L4C6, L4C7, and L4C8is independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L4C3, L4C4, L4C5, L4C6, L4C7, and L4C8is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L4is substituted or unsubstituted, C7-70 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of L4comprises one or more of the bination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L4is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L4does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In some embodiments, at least one instance of L4is a combination of –CH2–, , at: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L4is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L4does not comprise O–O, O–N, N–O, or N–N. In certain embodiments, the conjugate is of the formula: (I-A-10), (I-A-11), (I-A-12), (I-A-13), (I-A-14), or (I-A-15). In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the oxygen atom substituted at the 5′ position of the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the 5′ position of the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the nucleobase of the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the 1′ position of the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand, wherein the 5′ end is an abasic nucleoside. In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the 2′ position of the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L5is attached to the oxygen atom substituted at the 2′ position of the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In certain embodiments, L5is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the C1-150 alkylene, C2-150 alkenylene, C2-150 alkynylene, C1-150 heteroalkylene, C2-150 heteroalkenylene, or C2-150 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, L5is substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one, two, or three backbone atoms of the C10-100alkylene, C10-100alkenylene, C10-100 alkynylene, C10-100 heteroalkylene, C10-100 heteroalkenylene, or C10-100 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, L5is substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100heteroalkylene; and one, two, or three backbone atoms of the C10-100 alkylene or C10-100 heteroalkylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In some embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 1; L5is each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L5B1, L5B2, and L5B6is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene; each of L5C1and L5C2is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bond C5Bis attached to A5. In some embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7– L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, – L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently a single bond, – C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, – L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A17–L5A18–, and –L5A19–L5A20– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B2, and L5B6is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B2, and L5B6is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B2, and L5B6is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B2, and L5B6independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L5C1and L5C2is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L5C1and L5C2is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L5C1and L5C2is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, – S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, – OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, – NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, – NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, – OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, – SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of –L5B1–, –L5B4–, and –L5B6– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 heteroalkylene; each of –L5B2–, –L5B3–, –L5B5–, and –L5B7– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 heteroalkylene; each of L5C1, L5C2, L5C3, and L5C4is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; bond C5Ais attached to a first instance of A5; and bond C5Bis attached to a second instance of A5. In some embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, – L5A9–L5A10–, –L5A11–L5A12–, –L5A13–L5A14–, –L5A15–L5A16–, –L5A17–L5A18–, –L5A19–L5A20–, and – L5A21–L5A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A9–L5A10–, –L5A11–L5A12–, –L5A13–L5A14–, –L5A15–L5A16–, –L5A17–L5A18–, –L5A19–L5A20–, and –L5A21–L5A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A9–L5A10–, – L5A11–L5A12–, –L5A13–L5A14–, –L5A15–L5A16–, –L5A17–L5A18–, –L5A19–L5A20–, and –L5A21–L5A22– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of – L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A9–L5A10–, –L5A11–L5A12–, –L5A13– L5A14–, –L5A15–L5A16–, –L5A17–L5A18–, –L5A19–L5A20–, and –L5A21–L5A22– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A1–L5A2–, – L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A9–L5A10–, –L5A11–L5A12–, –L5A13–L5A14–, –L5A15– L5A16–, –L5A17–L5A18–, –L5A19–L5A20–, and –L5A21–L5A22– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A1–L5A2–, –L5A3–L5A4–, –L5A5–L5A6–, –L5A7–L5A8–, –L5A9– L5A10–, –L5A11–L5A12–, –L5A13–L5A14–, –L5A15–L5A16–, –L5A17–L5A18–, –L5A19–L5A20–, and –L5A21– L5A22– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, – OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B4, and L5B6is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B4, and L5B6is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B4, and L5B6is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B1, L5B4, and L5B6independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In some embodiments, each of L5B2, L5B3, L5B5, and L5B7is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L5B2, L5B3, L5B5, and L5B7is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B2, L5B3, L5B5, and L5B7is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L5B2, L5B3, L5B5, and L5B7is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B2, L5B3, L5B5, and L5B7independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L5C1, L5C2, L5C3, and L5C4is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L5C1, L5C2, L5C3, and L5C4is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L5C1, L5C2, L5C3, and L5C4is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In some embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 2; and

[0034] , ,

[0035] , ,

[0036] , ,

[0037] . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 2; and is

[0038] each of p2, p5, p6, and p9 is independently an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive; each of p3, p7, p8, p10, p11, p12, and p13 is independently an integer from 0 to 10, inclusive; p4 is 0 or 1; each of –L5A15–L5A16– and –L5A21–L5A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S– S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, – S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; bond C5Ais attached to a first instance of A5; and bond C5Bis attached to a second instance of A5.

[0039] each of p2, p5, p6, p8, p9, and p11 is independently an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive; each of p3, p7, p10, p12, and p13 is independently an integer from 0 to 10, inclusive; p4 is 0 or 1; each of –L5A15–L5A16– and –L5A21–L5A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S– S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; bond C5Ais attached to a first instance of A5; and bond C5Bis attached to a second instance of A5. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A15–L5A16– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A15–L5A16– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A15–L5A16– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A15–L5A16– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A15–L5A16– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A15–L5A16– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L5A15–L5A16– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A21–L5A22– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A21–L5A22– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A21–L5A22– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A21–L5A22– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A21–L5A22– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A21–L5A22– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L5A21–L5A22– is a single bond. In some embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 2, and is ; each of –L5A47–L5A48–, –L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, –L5A53–L5A54–, –L5A55–L5A56–, – L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, –L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, –L5A65–L5A66–, and –L5A67–L5A68– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, – S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)– , –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, – OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, – NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, – OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, – C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, – OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of –L5B16–, –L5B19–, and –L5B21– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 heteroalkylene; each of –L5B17–, –L5B18–, –L5B20–, and –L5B22– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150heteroalkylene; each of L5C9, L5C10, L5C11, and L5C12is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; bond C5Ais attached to a first instance of A5; and bond C5Bis attached to a second instance of A5. In some embodiments, each of –L5A47–L5A48–, –L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, –L5A53– L5A54–, –L5A55–L5A56–, –L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, –L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, –L5A65– L5A66–, and –L5A67–L5A68– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or – NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L5A47–L5A48–, –L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, – L5A53–L5A54–, –L5A55–L5A56–, –L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, –L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, – L5A65–L5A66–, and –L5A67–L5A68– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or – NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A47–L5A48–, –L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, – L5A53–L5A54–, –L5A55–L5A56–, –L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, –L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, – L5A65–L5A66–, and –L5A67–L5A68– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A47–L5A48–, –L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, –L5A53–L5A54–, – L5A55–L5A56–, –L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, –L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, –L5A65–L5A66–, and – L5A67–L5A68– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A47–L5A48–, –L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, –L5A53–L5A54–, – L5A55–L5A56–, –L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, –L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, –L5A65–L5A66–, and – L5A67–L5A68– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, – OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A47–L5A48–, – L5A49–L5A50–, –L5A51–L5A52–, –L5A53–L5A54–, –L5A55–L5A56–, –L5A57–L5A58–, –L5A59–L5A60–, – L5A61–L5A62–, –L5A63–L5A64–, –L5A65–L5A66–, and –L5A67–L5A68– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L5B16, L5B19, and L5B21is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L5B16, L5B19, and L5B21is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B16, L5B19, and L5B21is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B16, L5B19, and L5B21independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In some embodiments, each of L5B17, L5B18, L5B20, and L5B22is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L5B17, L5B18, L5B20, and L5B22is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B17, L5B18, L5B20, and L5B22is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L5B17, L5B18, L5B20, and L5B22is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B17, L5B18, L5B20, and L5B22independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L5C9, L5C10, L5C11, and L5C12is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L5C9, L5C10, L5C11, and L5C12is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L5C9, L5C10, L5C11, and L5C12is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 2;

[0040] each of p2, p5, and p6 is independently an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive; each of p3, p7, p8, p9, p10, and p11 is independently an integer from 0 to 10, inclusive; single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, – S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; bond C5Ais attached to a first instance of A5; and bond C5Bis attached to a second instance of A5. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A61–L5A62– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A61–L5A62– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A61–L5A62– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A61–L5A62– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A61–L5A62– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A61–L5A62– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L5A61–L5A62– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A67–L5A68– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A67–L5A68– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A67–L5A68– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A67–L5A68– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A67–L5A68– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L5A67–L5A68– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L5A67–L5A68– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 3; and each of –L5A23–L5A24–, –L5A25–L5A25–, –L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29–L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, – L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35–L5A36–, –L5A37–L5A38–, –L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41–L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and – L5A45–L5A46– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, – NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, – NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, – OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, – SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of –L5B8–, –L5B9–, –L5B10–, –L5B11–, –L5B12–, –L5B13–, –L5B14–, and –L5B15– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 heteroalkylene; each of L5C5, L5C6, L5C7, and L5C8is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bonds C5C, C5D, and C5Eare attached to a first, second, and third instances of A5, respectively. In some embodiments, each of –L5A23–L5A24–, –L5A25–L5A25–, –L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29– L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, –L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35–L5A36–, –L5A37–L5A38–, –L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41– L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and –L5A45–L5A46– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, – C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L5A23–L5A24–, –L5A25–L5A25–, – L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29–L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, –L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35–L5A36–, –L5A37–L5A38–, – L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41–L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and –L5A45–L5A46– is independently a single bond, – O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A23–L5A24–, – L5A25–L5A25–, –L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29–L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, –L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35–L5A36–, – L5A37–L5A38–, –L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41–L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and –L5A45–L5A46– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L5A23–L5A24–, – L5A25–L5A25–, –L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29–L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, –L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35–L5A36–, – L5A37–L5A38–, –L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41–L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and –L5A45–L5A46– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A23– L5A24–, –L5A25–L5A25–, –L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29–L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, –L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35– L5A36–, –L5A37–L5A38–, –L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41–L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and –L5A45–L5A46– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L5A23–L5A24–, –L5A25–L5A25–, – L5A27–L5A28–, –L5A29–L5A30–, –L5A31–L5A32–, –L5A33–L5A34–, –L5A35–L5A36–, –L5A37–L5A38–, – L5A39–L5A40–, –L5A41–L5A42–, –L5A43–L5A44–, and –L5A45–L5A46– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L5B8, L5B9, L5B10, L5B11, L5B12, L5B13, L5B14, and L5B15is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L5B8, L5B9, L5B10, L5B11, L5B12, L5B13, L5B14, and L5B15is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B8, L5B9, L5B10, L5B11, L5B12, L5B13, L5B14, and L5B15is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L5B8, L5B9, L5B10, L5B11, L5B12, L5B13, L5B14, and L5B15independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L5C5, L5C6, L5C7, and L5C8is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L5C5, L5C6, L5C7, and L5C8is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L5C5, L5C6, L5C7, and L5C8is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y5 is 3; and each of L5C6, L5C7, and L5C8is independently a single bond, bond C5Fis attached t

[0041] In certain embodiments, L5is substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 heteroalkylene.

[0042] AHA

[0043] In certain embodiments, L5comprises one or more of the following -CH2-, combination of two or more of each one of the foregoing, provided that: the number of backbone atoms of L5is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and

[0044] L5does not comprise O-O, O-N, N-O, or N-N.

[0045] In some embodiments, at least one instance of L5is a combination of -CH2-, ? at: the number of backbone atoms of the at least one instance of L5is between 10 and 100, inclusive; and the at least one instance of L5does not comprise O-O, 0-N, N-0, or N-N.

[0046] In certain embodiments, L6is substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-150 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-150 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-150 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-i5oheteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the Ci-150 alkylene, C2-150 alkenylene, C2-150 alkynylene, Ci-150 heteroalkylene, C2-150 heteroalkenylene, or C2-150 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, L6is substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, Cio-iooheteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one, two, or three backbone atoms of the C10-100 alkylene, C10-100 alkenylene, C10-100 alkynylene, C10-100 heteroalkylene, C10-100 heteroalkenylene, or C10-100 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits.

[0047] In certain embodiments, L6is substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C10-100 heteroalkylene; and one, two, or three backbone atoms of the C10-100 alkylene or C10-100 heteroalkylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits.

[0048] In some embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 1;

[0049] L6is each of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5-L6A6-, -L6A7-L6A8-, _L6A17-L6A18-, and - L6AI9_J^6A20_ jsinjepenjentiyasingle bond, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -NRa-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=NRa)O-, -S(=O)O-, -S(=O)2O-, -C(=O)NRa-, -C(=NRa)NRa-, -S(=O)NRa-, -S(=O)2NRa-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=NRa)-, -OS(=O)-, -OS(=O)2-, -NRaC(=O)-, -NRaC(=NRa)-, -NRaS(=O)-, -NRaS(=O)2-, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=NRa)O-, -OS(=O)O-, -OS(=O)2O-, -NRaC(=O)O- -NRaC(=NRa)O-, -NRaS(=O)O-, -NRaS(=O)2O-, -OC(=O)NRa-, -OC(=NRa)NRa-

[0050] -OS(=O)NRa-, -OS(=O)2NRa-, -NRaC(=O)NRa-, -NRaC(=NRa)NRa-, -NRaS(=O)NRa-, - NRaS(=O)2NRa-, -C(=O)-, -C(=NRa)-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -OP(=O)(ORa)O-, - SP(=O)(ORa)O-, -OP(=O)(ORa)S-, or -OP(=O)(SRa)O-; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of L6B1, L6B2, and L6B6is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-ioo alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-ioo heteroalkylene; each of L6C1and L6C2is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bond C6Bis attached to A6.

[0051] In some embodiments, at least one of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5-L6A6-, -L6A7- single bond, -O-, -NRa-,

[0052] -C(=O)NRa-, or -NRaC(=O)-. In some embodiments, each of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5- L6A6_ -L6A7-L6A8- — L6A 17-L6A 18~, and -L6A 19-L6A20- is independently a single bond, -O-, - NH-, -C(=O)NH-, or -NHC(=O)-. In certain embodiments, each of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5-L6A6-, -L6A7-L6A8-, — L6A 17-L6A 18~, and _L6A19_L6A20_ is independently a single bond, - C(=O)NRa-, or -NRaC(=O)-. In certain embodiments, each of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5- L6A6_ -L6A7-L6A8- — L6A 17-L6A 18~, and -L6A 19-L6A20- is independently a single bond, -C(=O)NH-, or -NHC(=O)-. In some embodiments, at least one of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, _L6A5_L6A6_ _L6A7_L6A8_, _L6A i 7_L6A 18_and_L6Ai9_L6A20_isindependently -C(=O)O- -OC(=O)-, -OP(=O)(ORa)O-, -SP(=O)(ORa)O-, -OP(=O)(ORa)S-, or -OP(=O)(SRa)O-. In some embodiments, at least one of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5-L6A6-, -L6A7-L6A8-, _L6A17-L6A18-, and _L6A19-L6A20- is independently -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)-, -OP(=O)(OH)O- -SP(=O)(OH)O-, -OP(=O)(OH)S-, or -OP(=O)(SH)O-

[0053] In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl.

[0054] In some embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B2, and L6B6is a single bond, independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B2, and L6B6is independently substituted or unsubstituted, Ci- 10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B2, and L6B6is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B2, and L6B6independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats.

[0055] In certain embodiments, each of L6C1and L6C2is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L6C1and L6C2is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L6C1and L6C2is

[0056] In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 1; and

[0057]

[0058] In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2;

[0059] 4 independently a single bond, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -NRa-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=NRa)O-, -S(=O)O-, - S(=O)2O- -C(=O)NRa- -C(=NRa)NRa-, -S(=O)NRa- -S(=O)2NRa-, -OC(=O)-, - OC(=NRa)-, -OS(=O)-, -OS(=O)2- -NRaC(=O)-, -NRaC(=NRa)-, -NRaS(=O)-, - NRaS(=O)2- -OC(=O)O- -OC(=NRa)O-, -OS(=O)O- -OS(=O)2O-, -NRaC(=O)O- - NRaC(=NRa)O-, -NRaS(=O)O-, -NRaS(=O)2O- -OC(=O)NRa- -OC(=NRa)NRa-, - OS(=O)NRa- -OS(=O)2NRa- -NRaC(=O)NRa- -NRaC(=NRa)NRa- -NRaS(=O)NRa- - NRaS(=O)2NRa-, -C(=O)-, -C(=NRa)-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2- -OP(=O)(ORa)O- - SP(=O)(ORa)O-, -OP(=O)(ORa)S-, or -OP(=O)(SRa)O-; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of -L6B1-, -L6B4-, and -L6B6- is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-iso alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-iso heteroalkylene; each of -L6B2-, -L6B3-, -L6B5-, and -L6B7- is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-iso alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-iso heteroalkylene; each of L6C1, L6C2, L6C3, and L6C4is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; bond C6Ais attached to a first instance of A6; and bond C6Bis attached to a second instance of A6.

[0060] In some embodiments, at least one of -L6A1-L6A2-, -L6A3-L6A4-, -L6A5-L6A6-, -L6A7- j^6A8_ _£j5A9_£j5A10_ _j^6Al l_j^6A12_ _J^6A13_J^6A14_ _J^6A15_J^6A16_ _J^6A17_J^6A18_ _£j5A19_ L6A20-, and _L6A21_L6A22_ isindependently a single bond, -O-, -NRa-, -C(=O)NRa-, or - NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L6A1–L6A2–, –L6A3–L6A4–, –L6A5–L6A6–, –L6A7– L6A8–, –L6A9–L6A10–, –L6A11–L6A12–, –L6A13–L6A14–, –L6A15–L6A16–, –L6A17–L6A18–, –L6A19– L6A20–, and –L6A21–L6A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or – NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L6A1–L6A2–, –L6A3–L6A4–, –L6A5–L6A6–, –L6A7– L6A8–, –L6A9–L6A10–, –L6A11–L6A12–, –L6A13–L6A14–, –L6A15–L6A16–, –L6A17–L6A18–, –L6A19– L6A20–, and –L6A21–L6A22– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L6A1–L6A2–, –L6A3–L6A4–, –L6A5–L6A6–, –L6A7–L6A8–, –L6A9– L6A10–, –L6A11–L6A12–, –L6A13–L6A14–, –L6A15–L6A16–, –L6A17–L6A18–, –L6A19–L6A20–, and –L6A21– L6A22– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L6A1–L6A2–, –L6A3–L6A4–, –L6A5–L6A6–, –L6A7–L6A8–, –L6A9–L6A10–, –L6A11–L6A12–, –L6A13–L6A14–, –L6A15–L6A16–, –L6A17–L6A18–, –L6A19–L6A20–, and –L6A21–L6A22– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or – OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L6A1–L6A2–, –L6A3–L6A4–, –L6A5–L6A6–, –L6A7–L6A8–, –L6A9–L6A10–, –L6A11–L6A12–, –L6A13–L6A14–, –L6A15–L6A16–, –L6A17–L6A18–, – L6A19–L6A20–, and –L6A21–L6A22– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B4, and L6B6is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B4, and L6B6is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B4, and L6B6is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B1, L6B4, and L6B6independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In some embodiments, each of L6B2, L6B3, L6B5, and L6B7is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L6B2, L6B3, L6B5, and L6B7is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B2, L6B3, L6B5, and L6B7is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L6B2, L6B3, L6B5, and L6B7is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B2, L6B3, L6B5, and L6B7independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L6C1L6C2, L6C3, and L6C4is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L6C1L6C2, L6C3, and L6C4is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L6C1L6C2, L6C3, and L6C4is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In some embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2; and ,

[0061] , ,

[0062] , ,

[0063] . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2; and each of p2, p5, p6, and p9 is independently an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive; each of p3, p7, p8, p10, p11, p12, and p13 is independently an integer from 0 to 10, inclusive; p4 is 0 or 1; each of –L6A15–L6A16– and –L6A21–L6A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S– S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; bond C6Ais attached to a first instance of A6; and bond C6Bis attached to a second instance of A6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2; each of p2, p5, p6, p8, p9, and p11 is independently an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive; each of p3, p7, p10, p12, and p13 is independently an integer from 0 to 10, inclusive; p4 is 0 or 1; each of –L6A15–L6A16– and –L6A21–L6A22– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S– S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, – S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; bond C6Ais attached to a first instance of A6; and bond C6Bis attached to a second instance of A6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A15–L6A16– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A15–L6A16– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A15–L6A16– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A15–L6A16– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A15–L6A16– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A15–L6A16– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L6A15–L6A16– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A21–L6A22– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A21–L6A22– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A21–L6A22– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A21–L6A22– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A21–L6A22– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A21–L6A22– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L6A21–L6A22– is a single bond. In some embodiments, at least one instance

[0064] each of –L6A47–L6A48–, –L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, –L6A53–L6A54–, –L6A55–L6A56–, – L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, –L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, –L6A65–L6A66–, and –L6A67–L6A68– is independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, – S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, – OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, – NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, – NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, – OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, – SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of –L6B16–, –L6B19–, and –L6B21– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150heteroalkylene; each of –L6B17–, –L6B18–, –L6B20–, and –L6B22– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 heteroalkylene; each of L6C9, L6C10, L6C11, and L6C12is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; bond C6Ais attached to a first instance of A6; and bond C6Bis attached to a second instance of A6. In some embodiments, each of –L6A47–L6A48–, –L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, –L6A53– L6A54–, –L6A55–L6A56–, –L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, –L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, –L6A65– L6A66–, and –L6A67–L6A68– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, –C(=O)NRa–, or – NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L6A47–L6A48–, –L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, – L6A53–L6A54–, –L6A55–L6A56–, –L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, –L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, – L6A65–L6A66–, and –L6A67–L6A68– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or – NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L6A47–L6A48–, –L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, – L6A53–L6A54–, –L6A55–L6A56–, –L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, –L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, – L6A65–L6A66–, and –L6A67–L6A68– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L6A47–L6A48–, –L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, –L6A53–L6A54–, – L6A55–L6A56–, –L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, –L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, –L6A65–L6A66–, and – L6A67–L6A68– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L6A47–L6A48–, –L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, –L6A53–L6A54–, – L6A55–L6A56–, –L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, –L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, –L6A65–L6A66–, and – L6A67–L6A68– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, – OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L6A47–L6A48–, – L6A49–L6A50–, –L6A51–L6A52–, –L6A53–L6A54–, –L6A55–L6A56–, –L6A57–L6A58–, –L6A59–L6A60–, – L6A61–L6A62–, –L6A63–L6A64–, –L6A65–L6A66–, and –L6A67–L6A68– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L6B16, L6B19, and L6B21is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L6B16, L6B19, and L6B21is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B16, L6B19, and L6B21is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B16, L6B19, and L6B21independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In some embodiments, each of L6B17, L6B18, L6B20, and L6B22is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L6B17, L6B18, L6B20, and L6B22is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B17, L6B18, L6B20, and L6B22is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L6B17, L6B18, L6B20, and L6B22is independently unsubstituted C1-10 alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B17, L6B18, L6B20, and L6B22independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L6C9, L6C10, L6C11, and L6C12is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L6C9, L6C10, L6C11, and L6C12is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L6C9, L6C10, L6C11, and L6C12is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of y6 is 2;

[0065] each of p2, p5, and p6 is independently an integer from 1 to 10, inclusive; each of p3, p7, p8, p9, p10, and p11 is independently an integer from 0 to 10, inclusive; p4 is 0 or 1; –L6A61–L6A62– and –L6A67–L6A68– are each independently a single bond, –O–, –S–, –S–S–, –NRa–, –C(=O)O–, –C(=NRa)O–, –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, – S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, – NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, –NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, – OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, –NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, –OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, – OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; bond C6Ais attached to a first instance of A6; and bond C6Bis attached to a second instance of A6. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A61–L6A62– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A61–L6A62– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A61–L6A62– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A61–L6A62– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A61–L6A62– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A61–L6A62– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A67–L6A68– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A67–L6A68– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A67–L6A68– is –O–C(=O)– or – C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A67–L6A68– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A67–L6A68– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A67–L6A68– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – , –S(=O)O–, –S(=O)2O–, –C(=O)NRa–, –C(=NRa)NRa–, –S(=O)NRa–, –S(=O)2NRa–, –OC(=O)–, –OC(=NRa)–, –OS(=O)–, –OS(=O)2–, –NRaC(=O)–, –NRaC(=NRa)–, –NRaS(=O)–, – NRaS(=O)2–, –OC(=O)O–, –OC(=NRa)O–, –OS(=O)O–, –OS(=O)2O–, –NRaC(=O)O–, – NRaC(=NRa)O–, –NRaS(=O)O–, –NRaS(=O)2O–, –OC(=O)NRa–, –OC(=NRa)NRa–, – OS(=O)NRa–, –OS(=O)2NRa–, –NRaC(=O)NRa–, –NRaC(=NRa)NRa–, –NRaS(=O)NRa–, – NRaS(=O)2NRa–, –C(=O)–, –C(=NRa)–, –S(=O)–, –S(=O)2–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, – SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–; each instance of Rais independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Raattached to a nitrogen atom are joined with the nitrogen atom to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; each of –L6B8–, –L6B9–, –L6B10–, –L6B11–, –L6B12–, –L6B13–, –L6B14–, and –L6B15– is independently a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-150heteroalkylene; each of L6C5, L6C6, L6C7, and L6C8is a single bond, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms; and bonds C6C, C6D, and C6Eare attached to a first, second, and third instances of A6, respectively. In some embodiments, each of –L6A23–L6A24–, –L6A25–L6A26–, –L6A27–L6A28–, –L6A29– L6A30–, –L6A31–L6A32–, –L6A33–L6A34–, –L6A35–L6A36–, –L6A37–L6A38–, –L6A39–L6A40–, –L6A41– L6A42–, –L6A43–L6A44–, and –L6A45–L6A46– is independently a single bond, –O–, –NRa–, – C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In some embodiments, each of –L6A23–L6A24–, –L6A25–L6A26–, – L6A27–L6A28–, –L6A29–L6A30–, –L6A31–L6A32–, –L6A33–L6A34–, –L6A35–L6A36–, –L6A37–L6A38–, – L6A39–L6A40–, –L6A41–L6A42–, –L6A43–L6A44–, and –L6A45–L6A46– is independently a single bond, – O–, –NH–, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L6A23–L6A24–, – L6A25–L6A26–, –L6A27–L6A28–, –L6A29–L6A30–, –L6A31–L6A32–, –L6A33–L6A34–, –L6A35–L6A36–, – L6A37–L6A38–, –L6A39–L6A40–, –L6A41–L6A42–, –L6A43–L6A44–, and –L6A45–L6A46– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NRa–, or –NRaC(=O)–. In certain embodiments, each of –L6A23–L6A24–, – L6A25–L6A26–, –L6A27–L6A28–, –L6A29–L6A30–, –L6A31–L6A32–, –L6A33–L6A34–, –L6A35–L6A36–, – L6A37–L6A38–, –L6A39–L6A40–, –L6A41–L6A42–, –L6A43–L6A44–, and –L6A45–L6A46– is independently a single bond, –C(=O)NH–, or –NHC(=O)–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L6A23– L6A24–, –L6A25–L6A26–, –L6A27–L6A28–, –L6A29–L6A30–, –L6A31–L6A32–, –L6A33–L6A34–, –L6A35– L6A36–, –L6A37–L6A38–, –L6A39–L6A40–, –L6A41–L6A42–, –L6A43–L6A44–, and –L6A45–L6A46– is independently –C(=O)O–, –OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(ORa)O–, –SP(=O)(ORa)O–, –OP(=O)(ORa)S–, or –OP(=O)(SRa)O–. In some embodiments, at least one of –L6A23–L6A24–, –L6A25–L6A26–, – L6A27–L6A28–, –L6A29–L6A30–, –L6A31–L6A32–, –L6A33–L6A34–, –L6A35–L6A36–, –L6A37–L6A38–, – L6A39–L6A40–, –L6A41–L6A42–, –L6A43–L6A44–, and –L6A45–L6A46– is independently –C(=O)O–, – OC(=O)–, –OP(=O)(OH)O–, –SP(=O)(OH)O–, –OP(=O)(OH)S–, or –OP(=O)(SH)O–. In some embodiments, at least one instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rais independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, each of L6B8, L6B9, L6B10, L6B11, L6B12, L6B13, L6B14, and L6B15is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-20 heteroalkylene. In some embodiments, each of L6B8, L6B9, L6B10, L6B11, L6B12, L6B13, L6B14, and L6B15is independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted, C1-10 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B8, L6B9, L6B10, L6B11, L6B12, L6B13, L6B14, and L6B15is independently unsubstituted C1-10alkylene. In certain embodiments, each of L6B8, L6B9, L6B10, L6B11, L6B12, L6B13, L6B14, and L6B15independently consists of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten PEG repeats. In certain embodiments, each of L6C5, L6C6, L6C7, and L6C8is independently a single bond. In certain embodiments, each of L6C5, L6C6, L6C7, and L6C8is independently substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene that replaces one of the backbone atoms. In certain embodiments, each of L6C5, L6C6, L6C7, and L6C8is independently (which may be attached at either direction). In certain embodiments, at least one instance

[0066] each of L6C6, L6C7, and L6C8is independently a single bond, . In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A33–L6A34– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A33–L6A34– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A33–L6A34– is –O–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A33–L6A34– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A33–L6A34– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A33–L6A34– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L6A33–L6A34– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A39–L6A40– is –NRa–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NRa–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A39–L6A40– is –NH–C(=O)– or –C(=O)–NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A39–L6A40– is –O–C(=O)– or – C(=O)–O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A39–L6A40– is –O–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A39–L6A40– is –NH–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of –L6A39–L6A40– is –C(=O)–. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of – L6A39–L6A40– is a single bond. In certain embodiments, a linker is a linker described in the following references: U.S. 5,994,517; U.S.6,300,319; U.S.6,660,720; U.S.6,906,182; U.S.7,262,177; U.S.7,491,805; U.S. 8,106,022; U.S.7,723,509; U.S.9,127,276; U.S.2006 / 0148740; U.S.2011 / 0123520; WO 2013 / 033230; WO 2012 / 037254, Biessen et al., J. Med. Chem.1995, 38, 1846-1852; Lee et al., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2011,19, 2494-2500; Rensen et al., J. Biol. Chem.2001, 276, 37577-37584; Rensen et al., J. Med. Chem.2004, 47, 5798-5808; Sliedregt et al., J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 609-618; Valentijn et al., Tetrahedron, 1997, 53, 759-770; Lee, Carbohydr. Res.1978, 67, 509-514; Connolly et al., J. Biol. Chem.1982, 257, 939-945; Pavia et al., Int. J. Pep. Protein Res.1983, 22, 539-548; Lee et al., Biochem.1984, 23, 4255-4261; Lee et al., Glycoconjugate J. 1987, 4, 317-328; Toyokuni et al., Tetrahedron Lett.1990, 31, 2673-2676; Biessen et al., J. Med. Chem.1995, 38, 1538-1546; Valentijn et al., Tetrahedron, 1997, 53, 759-770; Kim et al., Tetrahedron Lett.1997, 38, 3487-3490; Lee et al., Bioconjug. Chem.1997, 8, 762-765; Kato et al., Glycobiol.2001, 11, 821-829; Rensen et al., J. Biol. Chem.2001, 276, 37577-37584; Lee et al., Methods Enzymol.2003, 362, 38-43; Westerlind et al., Glycoconj. J.2004, 21, 227-241; Lee et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2006, 16(19), 5132-5135; Maierhofer et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2007, 15, 7661-7676; Khorev et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem.2008, 16, 5216-5231; Lee et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem.2011, 19, 2494-2500; Kornilova et al., Analyt. Biochem.2012, 425, 43-46; Pujol et al., Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. Engl.2012, 51, 7445-7448; Biessen et al., J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 1846-1852; Sliedregt et al., J. Med. Chem.1999, 42, 609-618; Rensen et al., J. Med. Chem.2004, 47, 5798-5808; Rensen et al., Arterioscler. Thromh. Vase. Biol.2006, 26, 169-175; van Rossenberg et al., Gene Ther.2004, 11, 457-464; Sato et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004, 126, 14013-14022; Lee et al., J. Org. Chem.2012, 77, 7564-7571; Biessen et al., FASEB J.2000, 14, 1784-1792; Rajur et al., Bioconjug. Chem.1997, 8, 935-940; Duff et al., Methods Enzymol. 2000, 313, 297-321; Maier et al., Bioconjug. Chem.2003, 14, 18-29; Jayaprakash et al., Org. Lett.2010, 12, 5410-5413; Manoharan, Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev.2002, 12, 103-128; Merwin et al., Bioconjug. Chem.1994, 5, 612-620; Tomiya et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2013, 21, 5275-5281; International Applications WO 1998 / 013381; WO 2011 / 038356; WO 1997 / 046098; WO 2008 / 098788; WO 2004 / 101619; WO 2012 / 037254; WO 2011 / 120053; WO 2011 / 100131; WO 2011 / 163121; WO 2012 / 177947; WO 2013 / 033230; WO 2013 / 075035; WO 2012 / 083185; WO 2012 / 083046; WO 2009 / 082607; WO 2009 / 134487; WO 2010 / 144740; WO 2010 / 148013; WO 1997 / 020563; WO 2010 / 088537; WO 2002 / 043771; WO 2010 / 129709; WO 2012 / 068187; WO 2009 / 126933; WO 2004 / 024757; WO 2010 / 054406; WO 2012 / 089352; WO 2012 / 089602; WO 2013 / 166121; WO 2013 / 165816; U.S. Patent Nos.4,751,219; 7,582,744; 8,552,163; 8,137,695; 6,908,903; 6,383,812; 7,262,177; 6,525,031; 5,994,517; 6,660,720; 6,300,319; 7,723,509; 8,106,022; 7,491,805; 7,491,805; 8,541,548; 8,344,125; 8,313,772; 8,349,308; 8,450,467; 8,501,930; 8,158,601; 7,262,177; 6,906,182; 6,620,916; 8,435,491; 8,404,862; 7,851,615; U.S. Patent Application Publications Nos. U.S.2011 / 0097264; U.S.2011 / 0097265; U.S.2013 / 0004427; U.S.2003 / 0119724; U.S.2011 / 0207799; U.S.2012 / 0035115; U.S. 2012 / 0230938; U.S.2005 / 0164235; U.S.2006 / 0183886; U.S.2012 / 0136042; U.S. 2012 / 0095075; U.S.2013 / 0109817; U.S.2006 / 0148740; U.S.2008 / 0206869; U.S. 2012 / 0165393; U.S.2012 / 0101148; U.S.2013 / 0121954; U.S.2011 / 0123520; U.S. 2003 / 0077829; U.S.2008 / 0108801; and U.S.2009 / 0203132. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , ,

[0067] 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20; and p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: ,

[0068] , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , , wherein each L is, independently, a phosphotriester, alkylphosphonate, phosphoramidate, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, or phosphorothiolate; and each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , , each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises a structure selected from: , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises the structure: , wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In certain embodiments, a linker comprises the structure: , wherein each n is, independently, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20. In a conjugate of the present disclosure, each instance of each of A1, A2, A4, A5, and A6may independently be a radical of a ligand. In some embodiments, at least one instance of A1is a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A1are radicals of ligands. In some embodiments, at least one instance of A2is a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A2are radicals of ligands. In some embodiments, at least one instance of A4is a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A4are radicals of ligands. In some embodiments, at least one instance of A5is a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A5are radicals of ligands. In some embodiments, at least one instance of A6is a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, two or three instances of A1, A2, A4, A5, and / or A6are independently a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, four or five instances of A1, A2, A4, A5, and / or A6are independently a radical of a ligand. In certain embodiments, at least two instances of A6are radicals of ligands. In some embodiments, at least one ligand is a muscle receptor ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of A1is a radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of A2is a radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of A4is a radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of A5is a radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of A6is a radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand. In some embodiments, a ligand directs the pharmaceutical agent to a muscle in a subject. In some embodiments, a ligand directs the pharmaceutical agent to a muscle cell in a subject. In some embodiments, a ligand targets a cell receptor. In certain embodiments, a cell receptor is an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor. In some embodiments, a receptor is in the muscle. In some embodiments, a ligand is used to target a pharmaceutical agent to a cell type. In some embodiments, the cell is a muscle cell. In some embodiments, a ligand is an agonist of a receptor (e.g., an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor agonist). In some embodiments, a ligand is an antagonist of a receptor (e.g., an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor antagonist). In some embodiments, at least one ligand is an antibody. In some embodiments, at least one ligand is a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, at least one ligand is a polyclonal antibody. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is an α4β1 integrin ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is an α4β7 integrin ligand. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: ; wherein: each instance of R1Zis independently optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted phenyl; each instance of R33Zis independently –O(optionally substituted alkyl), –OH, –NH2, – NHOH, –NH(optionally substituted alkyl), –NH(optionally substituted polyethylene glycol), – N(optionally substituted alkyl)2, or –N(optionally substituted alkyl)(optionally substituted polyethylene glycol); each instance of R34Zis of the formula: each instance of R2Zis independently hydrogen, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and each instance of X4Zis N or C(R35Z); and each instance of R35Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted alkoxy. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: ; each instance of X3Zand X5Zis independently N or C(R32Z); each instance of R32Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol, or –S(=O)2(optionally substituted alkyl); each instance of R3Z, R4Z, and R36Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted alkoxy. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: each instance of R2Zis independently hydrogen, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and each instance of R3Zand R4Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted alkoxy. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis optionally substituted pyridinyl (e.g., optionally substituted 3-pyridinyl or optionally substituted 4-pyridinyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis optionally substituted pyrrolyl (e.g., optionally substituted 2-pyrrolyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis 2-monosubstituted phenyl, 3-monosubstituted phenyl, or 4-monosubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R1Zis 2,3-disubstituted phenyl, 2,4-disubstituted phenyl, 2,5-disubstituted phenyl, 2,6-disubstituted phenyl, 3,4-disubstituted phenyl, or 3,5-disubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, the substituents described in this paragraph are independently halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or –S(=O)2(optionally substituted alkyl). In certain embodiments, the substituents described in this paragraph are independently halogen, unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, or – S(=O)2(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R33Zis –O(optionally substituted alkyl), – OH, –NH2, –NHOH, –NH(optionally substituted alkyl), or –N(optionally substituted alkyl)2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R33Zis –O(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl); –OH; –NH2; – NHOH; –NH(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl); –NH(C1-6alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of –O(unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl), –OH, –NH2, – NHOH, –NH(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl), and –N(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl)2); –N(unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl)2; or –N(unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl)(C1-6 alkyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of –O(unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl), –OH, –NH2, – NHOH, –NH(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl), and –N(unsubstituted C1-6alkyl)2). In some embodiments, at least one instance of R2Zis hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R2Zis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R2Zis optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R2Zis unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., Me). In some embodiments, each of R3Zand R4Zis independently hydrogen or halogen. In certain embodiments, each of R3Zand R4Zis independently halogen. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R36Zis hydrogen or halogen (e.g., –F). In certain embodiments, at least one radical of the α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radical of the α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radical of the α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . .In certain embodiments, at least one radical of the α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: , In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: R4Zis hydrogen, halogen, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted –O–alkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R5Zis optionally substituted heteroalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; and n1Z is 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, R4Zis hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R4Zis hydrogen. In some embodiments, R5Zis optionally substituted heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, n1Z is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, n1Z is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: , R6Zis hydrogen, –OH, –NH2, –NHR7Z, –OR7Z, or absent; and R7Zis hydrogen, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R6Zis hydrogen, –OH, –NH2, or absent. In certain embodiments, R6Zis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R6Zis absent. In some embodiments, R7Zis hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, R7Zis hydrogen or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: ,

[0069] n2Z is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, n2Z is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, n2Z is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: ,

[0070] n3Z is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, n3Z is 0 or 1. In certain embodiments, n3Z is 0. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: , each of R8Z, R9Z, R10Z, and R11Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted –O–alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl; each of R12Zand R13Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, , , , R14Zis optionally substituted C1-C5alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C5alkylene-(C3-C6)- cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted (C1-C4)-alkylene-(C1-C4)-alkoxy. In some embodiments, each of R8Z, R9Z, R10Z, and R11Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, each of R8Z, R9Z, R10Z, and R11Zis independently optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, each of R8Z, R9Z, R10Z, and R11Zis independently unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R12Zand R13Zis independently hydrogen, , or . In certain embodiments, each of R12Zand R13Zis independently H or . In some embodiments, R14Zis optionally substituted C1- C5alkyl. In certain embodiments, R14Zis optionally substituted C4alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radical of the α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: R15Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; each of R16Zand R17Zis independently H, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted –O–alkyl; and YZis –CH2– or –(CH2)2–. In some embodiments, R15Zis H, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R15Zis H. In some embodiments, each of R16Zand R17Zis independently H or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, each of R16Zand R17Zis independently H. In certain embodiments, YZis –CH2–. In certain embodiments, YZis –(CH2)2–. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: R18Zis H, –OH, –NH2, –NHR19Z, –OR19Z, or –CONHR19Z; each instance of R19Zis independently H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and n4Z is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In some embodiments, R18Zis H, –OH, or –NH2. In certain embodiments, R18Zis H. In some embodiments, each instance of R19Zis independently H or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R19Zis independently H or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, n4Z is 1. In certain embodiments, n4Z is 2. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: R19Zis H, –CH2OR20Z, –(CH2)2OR20Z, –CH2NHCOR20Z, or –OR20Z; and R20Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R19Zis H or –CH2NHCOR20Z. In certain embodiments, R19Zis – CH2NHCOR20Z. In some embodiments, R20Zis H or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, R20Zis H or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: R21Zis H, –CONHR22Z, –CH2OR22Z, –(CH2)2OR22Z, –CH2NHCOR22Z, or –OR22Z; R22Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and X1Zis H or halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: wherein: R21Zis H, –CONHR22Z, –CH2OR22Z, –(CH2)2OR22Z, –CH2NHCOR22Z, or –OR22Z; R22Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and X1Zis H or halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In some embodiments, R21Zis H or –CH2NHCOR22Z. In certain embodiments, R21Zis – CH2NHCOR22Z. In some embodiments, R22Zis H or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, R22Zis H or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, X1Zis H. In certain embodiments, X1Zis halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: R23Zis H, -CONHR24Z, -CH2OR24Z, -(CH2)2OR24Z, -CH2NHCOR24Z, or -OR24Z; R24Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and n5Z is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In some embodiments, R23Zis H or -CONHR24Z. In certain embodiments, R23Zis -CONHR24Z. In some embodiments, R24Zis H or optionally substituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, R24Zis H or unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, n5z is 0, 1, or 2. In certain, embodiments, n5z is 1. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: , R25Zis H, –CONHR27Z, –CH2OR27Z, –(CH2)2OR27Z, –CH2NHCOR27Z, or –OR27Z; R26Zis H, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R27Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and X2Zis optionally substituted CH2or optionally substituted NH. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: wherein: R25Zis H, –CONHR27Z, –CH2OR27Z, –(CH2)2OR27Z, –CH2NHCOR27Z, or –OR27Z; R26Zis H, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; and R27Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula: . In certain embodiments, at least one radi f the formula: ; wherein: R28Zis H, –CH2OR30Z, –(CH2)2OR30Z, –CH2NHCOR30Z, or –OR30Z; R29Zis H, –OH, –NH2, –NHR31Z, or –OR31Z; R30Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R31Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; n3Z is 1, 2, or 3; each instance of R37Zis halogen or optionally substituted alkyl; and n6Z is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, R25Zis H or –CH2NHCOR27Z. In certain embodiments, R25Zis –CH2NHCOR27Z. In some embodiments, R26Zis H or optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R26Zis H or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, R26Zis H or -CH3. In some embodiments, R27Zis H, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R27Zis H, unsubstituted alkyl, or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, X2Zis optionally substituted NH. In certain embodiments, X2Zis NH. In certain embodiments, at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: R28Zis H, –CH2OR30Z, –(CH2)2OR30Z, –CH2NHCOR30Z, or –OR30Z; R29Zis H, –OH, –NH2, –NHR31Z, or –OR31Z; R30Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R31Zis H, polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and n3Z is 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, R28Zis H, –CH2NHCOR30Z, or –OR30Z. In certain embodiments, R28Zis –CH2NHCOR30Z. In some embodiments, R29Zis H, –OH, or –NH2. In some embodiments, R30Zis H, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R30Zis H, unsubstituted alkyl, or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R31Zis H, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R31Zis H, unsubstituted alkyl, or unsubstituted heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, n3Z is 1. In certain embodiments, n3Z is 2. In certain embodiments, at least one α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: ; or at least one radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand is of the formula: . In some embodiments, a ligand is an antibody (e.g., an anti-α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor antibody). In certain embodiments, a ligand is an antibody fragment or an antibody variant. An “anti-α4β1 / 7integrin receptor antibody” refers to an immune system protein that recognizes, binds to, or otherwise interacts with a α4β1 / 7integrin. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least two ligands (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 ligands). In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises two ligands. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises three ligands. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least one ligand conjugated at the 5′-end. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least one ligand conjugated at the 3′-end. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least one ligand conjugated at the 5′-end and at least one ligand conjugated at the 3′-end. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least two ligands conjugated at the 5′-end. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least two ligands conjugated at the 3′-end. In certain embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least two ligands conjugated at the 5′-end and at least two ligands conjugated at the 3′-end. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least one ligand conjugated at a nucleobase. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least two ligands conjugated at a nucleobase. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least one ligand conjugated at the 2′ position of a nucleoside. In some embodiments, a conjugate comprises at least two ligands conjugated at the 2′ position of a nucleoside. In some embodiments, at least two ligands are of the same ligand type. In some embodiments, each ligand is of the same ligand type. In some embodiments, at least two ligands are the same. In some embodiments, at least two ligands are different ligands of the same ligand type. In some embodiments, at least two ligands are of different ligand types. In some embodiments, none of the ligands are of the same ligand type. In certain embodiments, when ligands are of the same ligand type, they bind the same target. In some embodiments, at least one ligand is a small molecule, peptide, or protein. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least two instances of A are radicals of ligands. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least two instances of A are radicals of ligands of the same ligand type (e.g., α4β1 / 7integrin ligands). In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least two instances of A are radicals of different ligands of the same ligand type. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least two instances of A are radicals of the same ligand. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least two instances of A are radicals of ligands of different ligand types (e.g., at least one instance of A is a radical of an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand, and at least one instance of A is a radical of a ligand that is not an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand). In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least one ligand is a tropomyosin receptor B (TrkB) ligand. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least one ligand is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) ligand. In certain embodiments, y is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and at least one ligand is a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ligand. The use of any α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand in the conjugates provided herein is contemplated by the present disclosure. α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are known in the art, and a person of ordinary skill in the art would be capable of identifying additional α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands for use in the conjugates described herein beyond those explicitly provided by the present disclosure. The present disclosure also contemplates the use of derivatives and prodrugs of any α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand provided herein or known in the art in the presently described conjugates, and a person of ordinary skill in the art would know how to make such derivatives and prodrugs. In some embodiments, an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor agonist. In some embodiments, an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand is any of those disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2019 / 246455, which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand is any of those disclosed in Baiula, M. et al. Novel Ligands Targeting α4β1 Integrin: Therapeutic Applications and Perspectives. Front. Chem.2019, 7, 489, which is incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands for use in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, any of the following α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands, and derivatives thereof: ,

[0071] In certain embodiments, an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand is , or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand is an anti-α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor antibody. In certain embodiments, an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand is an anti-α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor antibody fragment, or an anti-α4β1 / 7integrin receptor antibody variant. An “anti-α4β1 / 7integrin receptor antibody” refers to an immune system protein that recognizes, binds to, or otherwise interacts with an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor. In certain embodiments, an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand is conjugated (e.g., linked, connected, attached, associated with) to one or more pharmaceutical agent moieties (i.e., radicals of pharmaceutical agents). In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic (e.g., imaging) agent. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a therapeutic agent that treats a muscle disease. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a contrast agent. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a small molecule. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a protein or peptide. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an antibody. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is a monoclonal antibody. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, at least one pharmaceutical agent is an oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, more than one α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand is conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, at least two α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands) are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, two α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, three α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, four α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, five α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, more than five α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, at least 1 to about 5 α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, at least 1 to about 4 α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, at least 1 to about 3 α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. In some embodiments, at least 1 to about 2 α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands are conjugated to an agent moiety. When an agent moiety is conjugated to multiple α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands, all of the α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands may be conjugated at or near the same position on the agent moiety, or the α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligands may be conjugated to multiple different positions on the agent moiety. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is conjugated (e.g., connected, attached, associated with) to an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand through either a 5′ end and / or a 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand, or at an internal position in an oligonucleotide strand (i.e., at a nucleotide on the oligonucleotide strand other than the 5′ or 3′ nucleotide). In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is conjugated to an α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligand through the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is conjugated to an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand through the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is conjugated to α4β1 / 7integrin receptor ligands through both the 5′ end and the 3′ end of the oligonucleotide strand. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is conjugated to an α4β1 / 7 integrin receptor ligand at an internal position within the oligonucleotide strand (e.g., in an “internally-modified oligonucleotide”). In some embodiments,...

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method of treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

2. Use of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

3. A conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid provided that at leastL is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for use in treating a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

4. A method of preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

5. Use of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

6. A conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1 2 3 4 5 or 6;each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for use in preventing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

7. A method of diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

8. Use of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for the manufacture of a medicament for diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

9. A conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r(I)y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for use in diagnosing a muscle disease in a subject in need thereof.

10. A method of delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject comprising administering to the subject a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

11. Use of a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for the manufacture of a medicament for delivering the pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject.

12. A conjugate of Formula I:(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; for use in delivering the pharmaceutical agent to a muscle of a subject.

13. The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 7, and 10, the use of any one of claims 2, 5, 8, and 11, and the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of any one of claims 3, 6, 9, and 12, wherein at least one instance of L is substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-100 heteroalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted, C2-100heteroalkynylene; optionally wherein one or more backbone atoms of the C1-100 alkylene, C2-100 alkenylene, C2-100 alkynylene, C1-100 heteroalkylene, C2-100 heteroalkenylene, or C2-100 heteroalkynylene are independently replaced with substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene, as valency permits.

14. The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13, the use of any one of claims 2, 5, 8, 11, and 13, and the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of any one of claims 3, 6, 9, and 12-13, wherein at least one pharmaceutical agent is an oligonucleotide.

15. The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 7, and 10, the use of any one of claims 2, 5, 8, and 11, and the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of any one of claims 3, 6, 9, and 12, wherein the conjugate is of Formula I-A: ,(I-A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: is a radical of an oligonucleotide strand; s1 instances of the nucleobase-sugar moieties at internal positions ofare independently replaced with a moiety of Formula A:(A); s1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; when s1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6: each instance of N1is independently a radical of a nucleobase or a bond; each instance of t1 is independently 1, 2, or 3; each instance of y1 and y2 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; provided that at least one instance of y1 and y2 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A1and A2, when present, is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid; when y1 of an instance ofis 0, L1thereof is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, –CN, –ORb, –SCN, –SRb,–OS(=O)Rb, –OS(=O)ORb, –OS(=O)SRb, –OS(=O)N(Rb)2, –OS(=O)2Rb, –OS(=O)2ORb, –OS(=O)2SRb, –OS(=O)2N(Rb)2, –ON(Rb)2, –SC(=O)Rb, –SC(=O)ORb, –SC(=O)SRb, –SC(=O)N(Rb)2, –NRbC(=O)Rb, –NRbC(=O)ORb, –NRbC(=O)SRb, –NRbC(=O)N(Rb)2, NRbS( O)RbNRbS( O)ORbNRbS( O)SRbNRbS( O)N(Rb) NRbS( O)2Rb,–Si(Rb)(ORb)2, –Si(ORb)3, –OSi(Rb)3, –OSi(Rb)2ORb, –OSi(Rb)(ORb)2, or –OSi(ORb)3; or when y1 of an instance ofis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, L1thereof is a linker; each instance of Rbis independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or two instances of Rbattached to the same intervening atom are joined together with the intervening atom to form an substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring; when y2 of an instance2thereof is –OH, –ORc, –SH, – SRc, –NH2, –NHRc, –N(Rc)2, halogen, –CN, or –N3; or when y2 of an instance of2thereof is a linker; and each instance of Rcis independently substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6alkyl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom; v1 instances of the internucleosidic linkers of are independently replacedv1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of LAand L4, when present, is independently a linker; each instance of y4, when present, is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A4, when present, is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid; each instance of y5 and y6 is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; h 5 i 0 L5i h d b tit t d b tit t d C lk l nwhen y6 is 0, L6is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group; or when y6 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, L6is a linker; and each instance of A5and A6, when present, is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid; provided that at least one instance of y1, y2, y4, y5, and y6 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; that the sum of y1, y2, y4, y5, and y6 is not greater than 6; and that at least one instance of A1, A2, A4, A5, and A6is a radical of an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand.

16. The method, the use, or the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of claim 15, wherein the conjugate is of the formula:(I-A-1), (I-A-2),(I-A-3),(I-A-5),(I-A-7),(I-A-8), or(I-A-9).

17. The method, the use, or the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of claim 15, wherein the conjugate is of the formula: (I-A-10), (I-A-11),(I-A-12),(I-A-13),(I-A-14), or(I-A-15).

18. The method, the use, or the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of claim 15, wherein the conjugate is of the formula: (I-A-16), (I-A-17), (I-A-18), or (I-A-19).

19. The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13-18, the use of any one of claims 2, 5, 8, 11, and 13-18, and the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of any one of claims 3, 6, 9, and 12-18, wherein: at least one α4β1 / 7 integrin ligand is of the formula:; each instance of R1Zis independently optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted phenyl; each instance of R33Zis independently –O(optionally substituted alkyl), –OH, –NH2, – col), –N(optionally substituted alkyl)2, or –N(optionally substituted alkyl)(optionally substituted polyethylene glycol); each instance of R34Zis of the formula:each instance of R2Zis independently hydrogen, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and each instance of X4Zis N or C(R35Z); and each instance of R35Zis independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted alkoxy.

20. The method of any one of claims 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13-19, the use of any one of claims 2, 5, 8, 11, and 13-19, and the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of any one of claims 3, 6, 9, and 12-19, wherein at least one lipid is a hydrocarbon.

21. A kit comprising: a conjugate of Formula I: (A)y–L–(R1)r (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each instance of A is independently a radical of a ligand or lipid, provided that at least one ligand is an α4β1 / 7integrin ligand; L is a linker; each instance of R1is independently a radical of a pharmaceutical agent; and r is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and instructions for using the conjugate in the method of any one of claims 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13- 20, the use of any one of claims 2, 5, 8, 11, and 13-20, and the conjugate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, for use of any one of claims 3, 6, 9, and 12-20.

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