Sound-absorbing glazing

Abstract

The present invention relates to sound-absorbing glazing (10), comprising a first glass or plastic pane (1) and a second glass or plastic pane (2), which are connected to each other by a spacer (5), the first glass or plastic pane (1) being provided with multiple openings (6), the area of each opening being between 0.1 mm2 and 10 mm2.

Description

[0001] Sound-absorbing glazing

[0002] The invention relates to a sound-absorbing glazing, an arrangement for delimiting an interior space or a spatial area with at least two such sound-absorbing glazings, a method for producing the sound-absorbing glazing and a use of this sound-absorbing glazing.

[0003] Conventional sound absorbers, for example, known from EP0024044A2, use porous or fibrous material to convert airborne sound vibrations into heat through friction on their finely structured, preferably open surface. Such sound absorbers are used, for example, as side walls, ceiling walls, or partition walls, but are not transparent. For transparent sound absorbers, compatibility with glass or transparent plastic is particularly desirable.

[0004] Since glass, especially thicker glass, reflects sound waves almost completely across a wide frequency range, this often results in room acoustic problems with regard to reverberation time and harmful reflections. Therefore, the use of transparent sound absorbers in combination with glass or plastic panes presents a particular challenge.

[0005] EP0699257B1 discloses a sound-absorbing glass or synthetic glass component having continuous perforations and a rear wall spaced therefrom. The glass component is formed from a plate with microperforated perforations having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, a spacing of adjacent perforations of 2 mm to 20 mm, and a plate thickness of 0.2 mm to 30 mm. It has been found that a plate with these dimensions is suitable for sound absorption at certain frequencies. However, this sound-absorbing glass or synthetic glass component relies on a separate rear wall and is therefore not a standalone, compact component, as is particularly desirable as a partition wall in restaurants, bars, libraries, offices, and / or as a window in conference rooms.

[0006] From DE9116233U1 a sound-absorbing glazing is known which comprises at least two glass panes arranged with air space between them, wherein sound-absorbing elements are arranged in the air space between the glass panes and wherein the glass pane facing the sound field is provided with a plurality of openings, each having a surface dimension of 20 mm 2 up to 20 cm 2and where the ratio of the total area of ​​the perforations to the area of ​​the glass pane is 5% to 30%. The glass pane facing the sound field therefore allows the sound to pass almost unhindered to the sound-absorbing elements arranged in the air space between the glass panes. Accordingly, only the sound energy that passes through the holes into the air space can be absorbed there by the sound-absorbing elements. The sound-absorbing elements can consist of textile curtains or of mineral fiber-backed perforated or slotted panels made of sheet metal, wood materials or plasterboard. However, this sound-absorbing glazing has the disadvantage that adding the additional sound-absorbing elements increases the manufacturing cost. In addition, the sound-absorbing elements reduce the transparency of the glazing.Furthermore, the additional sound-absorbing elements are not suitable for providing particularly high sound absorption in a specific selectable frequency range; instead, they provide general sound absorption without being restricted to a specific selectable frequency range. The holes used are 20 mm in size. 2 up to 20 cm 2 of a size that makes the openings conspicuously visible to humans, which is aesthetically unappealing and limits the most unobstructed view through the sound-absorbing glazing. Furthermore, larger openings and a high ratio of the total area of ​​the openings in the glass pane to the total area of ​​the glass pane are susceptible to dirt or animals, especially insects, entering the air space between the glass panes.

[0007] The frequency range audible to humans includes, in particular, the frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. For the use of sound absorbers in a restaurant, bar, conference room, library, or office, targeted sound absorption of frequencies close to 400 Hz is particularly desirable, which specifically refers to the frequency range from 300 Hz to 500 Hz, since human conversation generates sound waves at this frequency.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of providing sound-absorbing glazing with a high sound insulation index, which significantly attenuates sound waves within a specific, adjustable frequency range, and significantly reduces the proportion of sound reflected from the glass surfaces within a specific frequency range. Furthermore, the glazing should have an unobtrusive appearance, be as transparent as possible, and be as easy to manufacture as possible, while keeping production costs as low as possible. The object of the invention is achieved by a sound-absorbing glazing according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims.

[0009] The invention comprises a sound-absorbing glazing comprising a first glass or plastic pane and a second glass or plastic pane, which are connected to one another by a spacer, wherein the first glass or plastic pane is provided with a plurality of perforations, each having a surface dimension of 0.1 mm 2 up to 10 mm 2The inventors have found that such sound-absorbing glazing is suitable for absorbing sound. The sound absorption is based in particular on the fact that the sound waves penetrating through the openings in the first glass or plastic pane are only partially transmitted at the second glass or plastic pane, are partially directly absorbed, and partially reflected. A portion of the sound waves reflected by the second glass or plastic pane is then in turn reflected or absorbed by the first glass or plastic pane. With each subsequent impact of the sound waves on the second glass or plastic pane or the first glass or plastic pane, the absorbed portion of the sound waves that originally penetrated the sound-absorbing glazing increases. Thus, only a portion of the sound waves that originally penetrated the sound-absorbing glazing leaves it again.

[0010] The proportion of absorbed sound waves depends on the frequency of the sound waves and the dimensions of the sound-absorbing glazing. The dimensions of the sound-absorbing glazing include the thickness of the first glass or plastic pane d, the distance D between the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane, and the distance between the adjacent openings b, measured from the centers of the openings. In particular, it is possible to select the dimensions of the sound-absorbing glazing so that particularly high sound absorption is achieved in a specific, adjustable frequency range. The sound absorption can be described by the sound absorption coefficient, which in this frequency range is preferably more than 0.5, particularly preferably more than 0.7, in particular more than 0.9.In this frequency range, the proportion of sound waves reflected back by the sound-absorbing glazing is particularly low. The required surface area of ​​the opening enables absorption of the sound frequency range audible to humans, from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. On the one hand, the openings have a sufficiently large surface area to ensure adequate sound absorption; on the other hand, the limited surface area enables a reduction in potential contamination between the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane. The sound-absorbing glazing also has a simple structure, and the openings with the required surface area are of an inconspicuous size. These are major advantages of the present invention.

[0011] The first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is common for window panes. However, the panes can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass. Alternatively, the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are made of plastic, preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Alternatively, it is also possible for the first glass or plastic pane to be made of glass and the second glass or plastic pane to be made of plastic, or vice versa. The first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane or both can be provided with additional coatings, for example a scratch-resistant layer or an antibacterial protective layer.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the total area of ​​the perforations to the total area of ​​the first glass or plastic pane is from 0.1% to 4%. The total area of ​​the first glass or plastic pane is understood to be the entire area of ​​the first glass or plastic pane, including the area occupied by the perforations. This range is suitable for sound absorption in the frequency range audible to humans from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ratio of the total area of ​​the perforations to the total area of ​​the first glass or plastic pane is from 0.4% to 3%. This range is particularly suitable for sound absorption in the frequency range around 400 Hz.

[0013] The second glass or plastic pane preferably has no perforations. In principle, it is also possible for the second glass or plastic pane to have perforations. For optimal sound-absorbing effects, however, the second glass or plastic pane should either have no perforations or at least the ratio of the total area of ​​the perforations in the second glass or plastic pane to the total area of ​​the second glass or plastic pane should be significantly lower than the ratio of the total area of ​​the perforations in the first glass or plastic pane to the total area of ​​the first glass or plastic pane. In this case, a ratio of the total area of ​​the perforations in the second glass or plastic pane to the total area of ​​the second glass or plastic pane of less than 0.1% is preferred.

[0014] In principle, it is possible to add additional sound-absorbing means between the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacer is not provided with any additional sound-absorbing means. Preferably, the spacer is formed in one piece and consists only of metal or plastic. This is advantageous because it simplifies production. Furthermore, by omitting additional sound-absorbing means, the greatest possible transparency of the glazing can be achieved. The inventors have found that the above-mentioned surface dimension already achieves high sound absorption without additional sound-absorbing means.Additional sound-absorbing materials in the form of sound-absorbing elements enable additional sound absorption across a broad acoustic spectrum, but are not suitable for achieving sound absorption only in a specific frequency range.

[0015] The spacer can, in principle, be made of any rigid material. The spacer preferably contains a metal or plastic, i.e., it is particularly made of metal or plastic. The spacer particularly preferably contains aluminum, steel, stainless steel, polyethylene, polycarbonates, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polynitriles, polyesters, polyurethanes, polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, preferably polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acrylester-styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate, styrene-acrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate-polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate-polycarbonate, a copolymer, a derivative, or a mixture of these materials.These materials are common materials for spacers and are particularly suitable because spacers containing these materials are characterized by dimensional stability, stability, low manufacturing costs, and an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Alternatively, the spacer can also be made of other materials, such as wood or glass. The spacer can have various shapes; its cross-section can be rectangular, U-shaped, or trapezoidal, for example. The spacer is preferably solid or formed with a hollow space.

[0016] The first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are typically arranged parallel to each other. The base surfaces of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are typically rectangular with the same dimensions. Therefore, the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane each have four side edges: an upper side edge, a lower side edge, a left side edge, and a right side edge. The upper side edge runs parallel to the lower side edge, and the left side edge runs parallel to the right side edge.

[0017] The spacer is typically connected to the side edges of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane, and is therefore preferably spaced from the side edges by less than or equal to 10 cm. The spacer is connected to the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane at at least two side edges, typically two parallel, opposite side edges. Alternatively, the spacer can also be connected to the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane at three side edges. In a preferred embodiment, the spacer is connected to the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane at all four side edges. In this case, the spacer is frame-like and arranged in a peripheral edge region of the glazing.This design has the advantage that the attachment on all four side edges provides additional stability.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are spaced apart by a distance of 5 mm to 40 mm. This range is suitable for sound absorption in the human-audible frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. More preferably, the distance is between 8 mm and 35 mm, which is particularly suitable for the frequency range near 400 Hz.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the first glass or plastic pane has a thickness of 1 mm to 10 mm. A thickness of the first glass or plastic pane of 2 mm to 4 mm is particularly preferred. A thickness of the first glass or plastic pane in this range achieves a particularly high absorption coefficient in the frequency range around 400 Hz.

[0020] The second glass or plastic pane preferably has a thickness of 1 mm to 10 mm. A greater thickness of the second glass or plastic pane can achieve greater sound absorption.

[0021] The shape of the perforations is fundamentally arbitrary. In a preferred embodiment, the perforations can be circular. The diameter d of the perforations is preferably from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably from 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm. Adjacent perforations preferably have a mutual distance b of 2 mm to 60 mm, measured from the centers of the perforations, particularly preferably from 3 mm to 15 mm. In these regions, a particularly high absorption coefficient is achieved in the frequency range around 400 Hz.

[0022] The openings are preferably arranged in a matrix. This means that the openings are arranged in the form of rows and columns. Relative to the top view of an upright glazing unit, the rows are arranged next to each other and the columns are arranged one below the other. The matrix-like arrangement preferably extends across the entire first glass or plastic pane. This is particularly aesthetically pleasing.

[0023] Alternatively, the matrix-shaped arrangement extends only over a part of the first glass or plastic pane.

[0024] The perforations can also be arranged in a specific design in the first glass or plastic pane. In this case, the design of the perforations can provide a particularly aesthetic appearance for the first glass or plastic pane. For example, the perforations can be arranged in a circular, elliptical, square, or star-shaped pattern.

[0025] Other shapes of openings are also possible, for example elliptical, slit-shaped, star-shaped, square, or rectangular openings. When selecting the dimensions of the openings, the shape of the openings can be tailored to aesthetic preferences. Analogous to the specified ranges for maximum sound absorption in the frequency range close to 400 Hz, the thickness of the first glass or plastic pane, the distance D between the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane, the distance b between adjacent openings in the first glass or plastic pane, and the diameter of the first glass or plastic pane can be appropriately selected to achieve maximum sound absorption at a different frequency in the range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

[0026] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane is non-destructively detachably connected to the spacer. This makes it possible to clean the insides of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane. The insides of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are the sides facing each other and the spacer. The spacer can also be cleaned in this way. It is also possible for both the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane to be non-destructively detachably connected to the spacer.

[0027] The non-destructive detachability of the first glass or plastic pane can be achieved in various ways. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane is mounted in a removable, pivotable, or displaceable manner.

[0028] One possible embodiment is for the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane to be completely separable from the spacer. In this embodiment, the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane can be removed, and the insides of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane can be cleaned.

[0029] In another possible embodiment, the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane is pivotably mounted. For example, the pivotal mounting can be achieved via a hinge running along one of the side edges. Using the hinge, the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane can be folded apart, which then allows cleaning of the insides of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane.

[0030] Alternatively, the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane can be displaceable relative to one another, preferably displaceable parallel to one another. In this case, the displacement enables cleaning of the inner sides of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane, as well as of the spacer. In this embodiment, the spacer is preferably connected to the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane at two parallel side edges. In this embodiment, rails are preferably located on two opposite side edges. Thus, the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane can be displaced along the rails to enable cleaning of the inner sides of the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sound-absorbing glazing additionally comprises at least one additional glass or plastic pane. The additional glass or plastic pane can either be provided with perforations or be free of perforations, i.e., have no perforations at all.

[0032] If the additional glass or plastic pane is designed without perforations, it is preferably connected to the second glass or plastic pane via a second spacer. In this embodiment, an air-insulated cavity is typically formed between the second glass or plastic pane, or the cavity is filled with an inert gas like an insulating glass unit. The additional glass or plastic pane without perforations provides additional sound absorption across the entire frequency spectrum.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment, the further glass or plastic pane has openings each having a surface dimension of 0.1 mm 2 up to 10 mm 2In this case, in a first advantageous embodiment, the further glass or plastic pane with perforations is connected to the first glass or plastic pane by a second spacer. This embodiment makes it possible to achieve a sound-absorbing effect from both sides of the sound-absorbing glazing. It is preferred that the first glass or plastic pane and the further glass or plastic pane differ in the parameters thickness of the glass or plastic pane t, distance to the second glass or plastic pane D, distance between the adjacent perforations b, measured from the centers of the perforations, and diameter of the perforations d. This embodiment makes it possible, in particular, to achieve particularly high sound absorption in two different frequency ranges.

[0034] In a second possible embodiment, the further glass or plastic pane with openings is connected to the second glass or plastic pane by a second spacer. This embodiment makes it possible to achieve a sound-absorbing effect on both sides of the sound-absorbing glazing. It is possible for the first glass or plastic pane and the further glass or plastic pane to differ in one or more of the parameters thickness of the first glass or plastic pane t, distance to the second glass or plastic pane D, distance between adjacent openings b and diameter of the openings d. This embodiment is particularly suitable when sound absorption in different frequency ranges is desired on both sides of the sound-absorbing glazing.

[0035] Alternatively, all parameters for the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane can be identical. This is appropriate if sound absorption in the same frequency range is desired on both sides of the sound-absorbing glazing.

[0036] Combinations of the above embodiments are also possible. For example, a further glass or plastic pane without perforations can be connected to the second glass or plastic pane via a further spacer, and a further glass or plastic pane with perforations can be connected to the first glass or plastic pane via a further spacer. A further glass or plastic pane with perforations can be connected to the first glass or plastic pane via a further spacer, and a further glass or plastic pane with perforations can be connected to the second glass or plastic pane via a further spacer.

[0037] If the second glass or plastic pane is connected to another glass or plastic pane without interruptions, another glass or plastic pane can be connected to it with interruptions on the opposite side of the said further glass or plastic pane via another spacer.

[0038] If a further glass or plastic pane without perforations or a further glass or plastic pane with perforations is used, this can be non-destructively detachably connected to the second spacer, in particular in the ways previously described for the non-destructive detachability of the first glass or plastic pane or the second glass or plastic pane.

[0039] The invention also covers a method for producing a sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention, wherein a) the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are provided, then b) the first glass or plastic pane is provided with openings and then c) the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane are connected to the spacer.

[0040] The first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane can be connected to the spacer in various ways. The preferred method is gluing, screwing, or clamping.

[0041] The perforations can be formed in various ways. In one advantageous embodiment, the perforations are created by laser drilling into the first glass or plastic pane. Creating the perforations by laser drilling has the advantage that perforations of any shape can be realized with high precision. Laser-drilled perforations can also be distinguished from mechanically drilled perforations on the finished product, particularly in that they typically do not have any edge grinding and are of good quality without any scalloping or other damage to the edge surface, as well as by the characteristic tensile and compressive stresses in the glass or plastic.

[0042] In an advantageous embodiment, laser drilling is carried out using a laser that emits pulsed radiation in the visible spectral range with a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm, preferably in the green spectral range, in particular in the spectral range from 500 nm to 550 nm. The pulse lengths are preferably in the nanosecond range. The focused laser radiation is moved along the intended edge surface of the opening. Once the entire edge surface has been machined out, the glass material circumscribed by the laser can be removed or falls out of the newly created opening due to gravity. Suitable lasers, particularly if the first glass or plastic pane is made of glass, are, for example, Nd:YAG lasers or Yb:YAG lasers.

[0043] The laser is preferably operated in a pulsed mode. The pulse length is preferably in the nanosecond range (i.e., from 1 ns to 1 ps), and is particularly preferably from 5 ns to 50 ns, and most preferably from 10 ns to 20 ns.

[0044] The power of the laser is preferably from 10 W to 100 W, particularly preferably from 30 W to 60 W. To focus the laser radiation, an f-theta lens is preferably used, for example with a focal length of 100 mm.

[0045] Alternatively, a CO2 laser, preferably with a wavelength of 10.4 pm to 10.8 pm and a pulse length preferably in the microsecond range (i.e., from 1 ps to 1 ms), can be used. This is preferably used for forming the apertures if the first glass or plastic pane is made of plastic, in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0046] The openings can also be created in other ways, for example by means of a drill or a plasma welding system.

[0047] The invention further encompasses an arrangement for delimiting an interior space or a spatial area, comprising at least two sound-absorbing glazing units according to the invention, wherein the first glass or plastic pane of each of the units faces the interior space. The sound-absorbing glazing units differ in at least one of the parameters: thickness of the first glass or plastic pane t, diameter of the openings d, spacing of adjacent openings b, and distance between the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane D. The interior space is surrounded by a boundary wall.

[0048] This serves to filter out different frequencies with the first glass or plastic pane and the second glass or plastic pane. The arrangement can be found in a restaurant, pub, library, office, or conference room.

[0049] In a first preferred embodiment, the arrangement comprises two sound-absorbing glazing units according to the invention. These units are particularly preferably arranged either parallel to one another or at an angle to one another, in particular at right angles to one another. For example, in a restaurant, a dining table with chairs can be arranged between two parallel sound-absorbing glazing units.

[0050] In a further preferred embodiment, the arrangement comprises three sound-absorbing glazing units according to the invention. Particularly preferably, in this case, two of the sound-absorbing glazing units are arranged parallel to each other, and the third sound-absorbing glazing unit is arranged at right angles to the other two sound-absorbing glazing units. This allows, for example, a dining table with chairs in a restaurant to be surrounded by sound-absorbing glazing on three sides, while allowing access to the table via the fourth side.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment, the arrangement comprises four sound-absorbing glazing units according to the invention. The arrangement can also comprise more than four sound-absorbing glazing units, and the more than four sound-absorbing glazing units can, for example, surround a dining table in a restaurant.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the interior space has a boundary wall, wherein the boundary wall is provided with at least two sound-absorbing panes of glass. In this case, the sound-absorbing panes serve, for example, simultaneously as window panes or glass doors to allow light into the space and provide a view from and into the interior.

[0053] The invention also encompasses the use of sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention in an office, conference room, library, restaurant, or bar as a partition wall, room divider, or as part of the room boundary. The use of the sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention ensures, in particular, the absorption of sound caused by human conversation. For example, the sound-absorbing glazing can be used as a room divider between two tables in an office, library, restaurant, or bar. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

[0054] They show:

[0055] Fig. 1 A perspective view of a first embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention

[0056] Fig. 2 A perspective view of a second embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention

[0057] Fig. 3 A perspective view of a third embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention

[0058] Fig. 4 A perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention

[0059] Fig. 5 A plan view of an embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for delimiting an interior space.

[0060] Fig. 6 A representation of the measured sound absorption coefficient for the sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention from Fig. 1 and for a comparative example for a sound-absorbing glazing not according to the invention

[0061] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention. A first glass or plastic pane 1 is connected to a second glass or plastic pane 2 via a spacer 5. The first glass or plastic pane 1 is provided with perforations 6 and the second glass or plastic pane 2 is free of perforations 6. The first glass or plastic pane 1 and the second glass or plastic pane 2 are made, for example, from soda-lime glass and each have a length of 70 cm and a width of 60 cm. The first glass or plastic pane 1 and the second glass or plastic pane 2 are spaced apart by a distance D of 16 mm. The first glass or plastic pane 1 has a thickness t of 3 mm.The first glass or plastic pane 1 has openings 6 which are circular in shape with a diameter d of 2.3 mm, with adjacent openings 6 each having a distance b of 30 mm from one another, starting from the center of the openings 6.

[0062] Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention. This embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment from Fig. 1, with the difference that the sound-absorbing glazing additionally comprises a further glass or plastic pane 3 without perforations 6, which is connected to the second glass or plastic pane 2 via a second spacer 7. The further glass or plastic pane 3 without perforations 6 has, for example, a thickness of 3 mm and a distance of 30 mm from the second glass or plastic pane 2. This embodiment ensures additional sound absorption.

[0063] Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention. This embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment from Fig. 1, with the difference that the sound-absorbing glazing additionally comprises a further glass or plastic pane 4 with openings 6, which is connected to the first glass or plastic pane 1 via a second spacer 7. The further glass or plastic pane 4 with openings 6 is made, for example, from soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 3 mm and a distance of 30 mm from the second glass or plastic pane 2. The openings 6 in the further glass or plastic pane 4 each have a diameter of 3.5 mm, with adjacent openings 6 each having a distance b of 40 mm from one another, measured from the center of the openings 6.Due to the different size and the different spacing of the openings 6 in the first glass or plastic pane 1 and the second glass or plastic pane 2, a particularly high sound absorption in two different frequency ranges can be achieved with this embodiment.

[0064] Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention. The embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment from Fig. 1, with the difference that the sound-absorbing glazing additionally comprises a further glass or plastic pane 4 with openings 6, which is connected to the second glass or plastic pane 2 via a second spacer 7. Analogous to the first glass or plastic pane 1, the further glass or plastic pane 4 with openings 6 and the second glass or plastic pane 2 have a distance D of 16 mm from one another. The further glass or plastic pane 4 is made of soda-lime glass and has a thickness t of 3 mm.The further glass or plastic pane 4 has circular openings 6 with a diameter d of 2.3 mm, with adjacent openings 6 each having a distance b of 30 mm from one another, measured from the center of the openings 6. This embodiment is particularly well suited to ensuring sound absorption from both sides of the sound-absorbing glazing 10. This symmetrical embodiment is particularly suitable for absorbing sound in the same frequency range from both sides of the sound-absorbing glazing 10.

[0065] Fig. 5 shows a perspective top view of an embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for defining an interior space. The interior space is, for example, a meeting room in an office, which is surrounded by a boundary wall 11. In this case, the boundary wall 11 is divided into four sides. The boundary wall 11 of the interior space is interrupted on each of the four sides by a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention.

[0066] Fig. 6 shows a representation of the measured sound absorption coefficient for Example 1 for a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention in solid line and for a comparative example for a sound-absorbing glazing 10 not according to the invention. Example 1 corresponds to the sound-absorbing glazing 10 shown in Fig. 1. The sound absorption coefficient was measured according to the specifications of the standards EN ISO 354 and EN 16487. The sound waves hit the sound-absorbing glazing from the direction facing the first glass or plastic pane. The sound absorption coefficient is measured indirectly by determining the proportion of sound waves that are reflected back in the direction of the side facing the first glass or plastic pane 1. The sound absorption coefficient for Example 1 for a sound-absorbing glazing 10 according to the invention is shown in solid line.For Example 1, the sound absorption coefficient in the frequency range from 400 to 500 Hz is extrapolated from simulation values ​​in a fine dashed line. The sound-absorbing glazing 10 in the comparative example comprises the second glass or plastic pane 2 from Example 1 and a further glass or plastic pane 3, which are connected to one another via the spacer 5 from Fig. 1. Both the second glass or plastic pane 2 and the further glass or plastic pane 3 are made of soda-lime glass and have a thickness of 3 mm and no perforations 6. The comparative example therefore differs from Example 1 according to the invention in that the first glass or plastic pane 1 with perforations 6 is not present; instead, a further glass or plastic pane 3 without perforations 6 is connected to the spacer 5.

[0067] The sound absorption coefficient for the comparison example is in the entire

[0068] Frequency spectrum from 100 Hz to 5000 Hz below 0.3. For the example according to the invention, on the other hand, sound absorption coefficients of more than 0.3 were measured in the range from 315 Hz to 500 Hz; in particular, sound absorption coefficients of 0.65 were measured for 400 Hz and 500 Hz. Simulation data shown in fine dashed lines result in a sound absorption coefficient of up to 0.9 for a frequency of 450 Hz. A comparison of example 1 according to the invention and comparative example 1 shows that the sound-absorbing glazing according to the invention from example 1 specifically ensures sound absorption in the frequency range from 315 Hz to 500 Hz, which in this frequency range significantly exceeds the sound absorption in the comparative example.

[0069] Table 1

[0070] Table 1 shows the parameters of Example 1 of the invention from Fig. 1 for a sound-absorbing glazing 10. The sound-absorbing glazing 10 comprises the first glass or plastic pane 1 from Fig. 1 and the second glass or plastic pane 2 from Fig. 1, which are connected to one another by the spacer 5 from Fig. 1.

[0071] Table 2

[0072] Further examples of the invention are shown in Table 2. All of the examples of the invention shown comprise a sound-absorbing glazing 10 comprising a first glass or plastic pane 1 and a second glass or plastic pane 2.

[0073] Table 3

[0074] Further examples of the invention are shown in Table 3. All of the examples of the invention shown comprise a sound-absorbing glazing 10 comprising a first glass or plastic pane 1 and a second glass or plastic pane 2.

[0075] These inventive examples in Table 2 and Table 3 show that by adjusting the parameters of the thickness of the first glass or plastic pane 1, the distance between the first glass or plastic pane 1 and the second glass or plastic pane 2, the diameter of the openings 6, and the distance between the adjacent openings 6, measured from the centers of the openings 6, the frequency for which maximum sound absorption is achieved can be changed. List of reference symbols:

[0076] (1) First glass or plastic pane with perforations

[0077] (2) Second glass or plastic pane without perforations (3) Further glass or plastic pane without perforations

[0078] (4) Additional glass or plastic pane with perforations

[0079] (5) Spacers

[0080] (6) Breakthrough

[0081] (7) Second spacer

[0082] (10) Sound-absorbing glazing

[0083] (11) Boundary wall

Claims

Patent claims 1. Sound-absorbing glazing (10), comprising a first glass or plastic pane (1) and a second glass or plastic pane (2) which are connected to one another by a spacer (5), wherein the first glass or plastic pane (1) is provided with a plurality of openings (6), each having a surface dimension of 0.1 mm 2 up to 10 mm 2 have.

2. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the total area of ​​the openings (6) in the first glass or plastic pane (1) to the total area of ​​the first glass or plastic pane (1) is from 0.1% to 4%, preferably from 0.4% to 3%.

3. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spacer (5) contains a metal or a plastic, preferably aluminum, steel, stainless steel, polyethylene, polycarbonates, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polynitriles, polyesters, polyurethanes, polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, preferably polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acrylester-styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate, styrene-acrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate-polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate-polycarbonate, a copolymer, a derivative or a mixture of these materials.

4. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spacer (5) is not provided with any additional sound-absorbing means.

5. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first glass or plastic pane (1) and the second glass or plastic pane (2) are spaced apart from one another by 5 mm to 40 mm, preferably by 8 mm to 35 mm.

6. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first glass or plastic pane (1) has a thickness of 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably of 2 mm to 4 mm.

7. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the openings (6) are formed in a circular shape, preferably with a Diameter of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably from 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm, wherein adjacent openings (6) measured from the centers of the openings (6) have a distance from one another of 2 mm to 60 mm, preferably from 3 mm to 15 mm.

8. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first glass or plastic pane (1) or the second glass or plastic pane (2) is detachably connected to the spacer (5) in a non-destructive manner, preferably in that the first glass or plastic pane (1) or the second glass or plastic pane (2) is mounted in a removable, pivotable or displaceable manner.

9. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, additionally comprising a further glass or plastic pane (3) without openings (6), which is connected to the second glass or plastic pane (2) via a second spacer (7).

10. Sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, additionally comprising a further glass or plastic pane (4) which is provided with openings (6) each having a surface dimension of 0.1 mm 2 up to 10 mm 2wherein the further glass or plastic pane (4) is connected with openings (6) by a second spacer (7) to the first glass or plastic pane (1) or to the second glass or plastic pane (2).

11. Arrangement for delimiting an interior space or a spatial area, comprising at least two sound-absorbing glazings (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the sound-absorbing glazings (10) differ in the thickness of the first glass or plastic pane (1), in the diameter of the openings (6), in the distance between the adjacent openings (6), measured from the centers of the openings (6) and / or in the distance between the first glass or plastic pane (1) and the second glass or plastic pane (2), and wherein the respective first glass or plastic pane (1) faces the interior space or the spatial area.

12. Arrangement for delimiting an interior space according to claim 11, wherein the interior space has a boundary wall (11) and wherein the boundary wall (11) is provided with at least two sound-absorbing glazings (10).

13. A method for producing sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least a) the first glass or plastic pane (1), the second glass or plastic pane (2), and the spacer (5) are provided, b) the first glass or plastic pane (1) is provided with openings (6), and c) the first glass or plastic pane (1) and the second glass or plastic pane (2) are connected to the spacer (5).

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the openings (6) are produced by laser drilling.

15. Use of a sound-absorbing glazing (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10 in an office, a conference room, a library, a restaurant or a pub as a partition wall, room divider or as part of the room boundary.

Images