Underground logistical system

Abstract

An underground logistical system contains at least tunnels (1) located below ground and / or water and connected to intermediate hubs (2) of the system and / or to one another, said tunnels (1) being designed to allow the movement therethrough of at least vehicles and / or cargoes. The tunnels (1) and the walls that delimit the interior space of the intermediate hubs (2) of the system are formed by prefabricated elements (13) which are connected at least to one another and are made of fibre-reinforced concrete.

Description

[0001] Underground logistics system

[0002] The invention relates to logistics systems, namely to logistics systems located under the earth's surface, and can be used to create logistics systems, including critical infrastructure, military infrastructure, with systems of tunnels and intermediate nodes for various purposes for the safe movement of funds, people and cargo along them, the implementation of hidden and protected logistics operations for the reception, delivery and storage of resources, the construction of underground structures for various purposes, including critical infrastructure, military infrastructure, warehouses, enterprises, power plants, etc., and communications between them, etc.

[0003] The prior art discloses an underground tubular gallery (patent for utility model CN ​​206616586 U, IPC E02D 29 / 00, E02D 29 / 045, published on 07.11.2017), which includes at least tunnels, each of which is quadrangular in cross-section, and a structural frame, a frame grid located on the structural frame, covered by a shell and an internal tubular body located in the internal space formed by the structural frame, wherein all said constituent elements of the tunnels are made of stainless steel and are connected to each other by welding.

[0004] The disadvantages of the known analogue are unreliability and danger of use, small overall dimensions of the tunnels and their low throughput, low resistance of the gallery tunnels to damage and heavy loads, limitation of possible shapes and configurations of tunnels, limited functionality, which are due to the design solution of the known analogue and the properties of the material from which its constituent elements are made.The known analogue is unreliable and dangerous to use, since stainless steel as a material is characterized by low strength, a tendency to bend and sag under heavy loads, and can be easily damaged by minor shocks or impacts from the outside, which makes tunnels made primarily of this material unreliable and dangerous due to the possibility of easy loss of shape, which can occur, for example, due to explosions due to military action, earthquakes and soil displacement, destruction and collapse of nearby buildings, etc.Despite its known resistance to chemical corrosion, stainless steel does not have sufficient resistance to damage and long-term and heavy loads to form long-length objects from it, such as underground tunnels and large underground rooms, which are at the same time durable and resistant to mechanical damage and heavy loads arising for the reasons stated above. Therefore, an underground tubular gallery formed from tunnels, the constituent elements of which are made of stainless steel, is limited in overall dimensions and length and cannot be used for transporting people and goods over long distances, primarily due to the risk of overloading and damage to the tunnels.

[0005] At the same time, the tunnels of the known analogue by their design are not intended for laying transport routes, such as roads or pipelines, for heavy transport of large dimensions and in general have a limited throughput. In fact, the known analogue can be used as a network of small-sized warehouses, which are located at a small depth under the earth's surface, which is directly indicated in the corresponding additional clause of the formula of the known analogue, and cannot be used as a branched network of logistic routes covering a significant territory and intended for a large number of goods and people. In addition, the quadrangular cross-section of the tunnels significantly limits the number of shapes and configurations that the gallery as a whole can have.In this case, if the tunnels of a known analogue are damaged, the damaged section is difficult to replace with an undamaged one due to the welding of all the constituent elements of the tunnels together, which necessitates the use of complex equipment and skills, large expenditures of time, labor and energy for the above replacement.

[0006] Also known is an underground system for distributing goods in an urban environment (patent for invention RU 2745227 C1, IPC B61B 13 / 10, B65G 35 / 00, B65G 51 / 04, B65G 51 / 40, published on 22.03.2021, Bulletin No. 9), comprising at least one microtunnel forming at least one loop passing under the foundations of previously constructed above-ground structures and / or infrastructures at a depth of at least 5 m, in which unidirectional movement of containers with goods occurs, the transportation of which is automated, and containing a plurality of exchange stations for exchange with the surface, each of which contains a well that allows containers to be lowered to the microtunnel and raised back after transportation inside the microtunnel, while the microtunnel is made of sections made of reinforced concrete, and the walls, limiting the internal space of the exchange stations, are also made of reinforced concrete. The specified sections and walls have a thickness of 150 to 500 mm.

[0007] The disadvantages of the known analogue are unreliability and danger of use, small overall dimensions of microtunnels and their low throughput, low resistance of microtunnels and exchange stations of the system to damage and heavy loads, limitation of possible forms and configurations of microtunnels and exchange stations, limited functionality, which are due to the design solution of the known analogue and the properties of the material from which its constituent elements are made.

[0008] Reinforced concrete, as a material for microtunnels and walls of exchange stations of a well-known analogue, has a very high density and, accordingly, a very large weight, which excessively complicates the process of making any structures from it, especially in underground tunnels. The specified process requires the use of complex-to-use equipment, large expenditures of energy, resources and time. Replacing damaged sections of microtunnels and exchange stations and their current repairs are also costly and complex. At the same time, it is well known that with a long and heavy load, reinforced concrete shrinks, which leads to the appearance of cracks on it, which, in turn, lead to a decrease in the strength of reinforced concrete structures, increased wear of their individual structural elements, especially in conditions of the location of heavy rocks and a thick soil layer above such structures.The tendency to form the above cracks makes underground microtunnels and walls of exchange stations made of reinforced concrete unreliable and dangerous. At the same time, the presence of iron reinforcement in concrete does not allow to completely eliminate the tendency of reinforced concrete to crack under its own weight and generally contributes to the elastic deformation of reinforced concrete under impact loads, such as explosions, earthquake shocks, significant landslides, etc. Thus, the use of reinforced concrete for the constituent elements of the known analogue is justified exclusively under constant conditions of use of the known analogue and is not designed for critical loads that may occur during military operations and natural disasters.

[0009] The thickness of the microtunnel sections and the walls of the exchange stations is also insufficient for the reliable and safe use of the microtunnels and exchange stations under the emergency conditions specified above. When the constituent elements of the known analogue are located at a predominant depth of 5 m below the earth's surface, the specified thickness of the microtunnel sections and the walls of the exchange stations is insufficient to maintain their integrity, for example, during bombing, massive shelling, impacts of large mass debris falling from a significant height. At the same time, an increase in the thickness of the walls and sections leads to an increase in the weight of the constituent elements of the known analogue, which leads to the negative effects described above, as well as to further subsidence of the heavy constituent elements of the known analogue when they are located in rocks with low density and strength.In addition, the execution of numerous branches of microtunnels and complex-shaped exchange stations requires the execution of complex and expensive operations using ready-made forms made of reinforced concrete, since it is impossible to form complex-shaped and configured microtunnels and exchange stations at the required depth due to the slow hardening of concrete until it acquires strength suitable for the load.

[0010] The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a global logistics system (patent for invention RU 2743800 C1, IPC B61B 13 / 00, B61B 15 / 00, B62D 47 / 02, published on 26.02.2021, Bulletin No. 6), which includes at least tunnels located under the ground and / or water surface and connected to intermediate nodes of the system and / or to each other, designed with the possibility of moving at least vehicles and / or cargo along them, includes modules for moving people equipped with a life support system that combines air conditioning and heating systems, power supply, waste disposal, contains vehicles, rails located inside the tunnels for moving vehicles for supplying them with power, a control and monitoring unit for vehicles and a power supply unit for supplying them with power when moving through tunnels, a system for tracking the location of vehicles and modules for moving people,wherein the vehicles are designed with the ability to transport cargo containers and contain a housing, a controller, an electric motor, rail wheels connected to the electric motor, current collectors and a battery, a braking system, the tunnels are made of a composite material and have a cross-section in the form of a rectangle, the internal parameters of which correspond to the external parameters of the vehicles, and the vehicles additionally have wheels with tires for movement outside the tunnels, as well as means for attaching to a module for moving people, designed with the ability to attach a module for transportation by vehicles.

[0011] The disadvantages of the closest analogue are unreliability and danger of use, small overall dimensions of the tunnels and their low throughput, low resistance of the tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system to damage and heavy loads, limitation of possible shapes and configurations of the tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system, limited functionality, which are due to the design solution of the known analogue and the properties of the material from which its constituent elements are made.

[0012] The vast majority of composite materials, both polymer composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics and organoplastics, and metal matrix composite materials and cermets, are not designed for high impact loads and do not withstand high pressure, load and damage that occur during explosions, earthquakes, large landslides, falls of large mass debris from a significant height, vibrations and shock waves that accompany these phenomena, which makes tunnels and walls of intermediate nodes of the system made of such materials vulnerable and unreliable, and staying in the specified components of the closest analogue is dangerous for users of the global logistics system.The use of the component elements of the closest analogue is possible only under the condition that large impact loads are not envisaged and do not occur, therefore the component elements of the closest analogue have insufficient resistance and strength to extreme loads that may arise during military operations, man-made and natural disasters. At the same time, damaged sections of tunnels and intermediate units of the closest analogue in the above-mentioned design are difficult to replace or repair if necessary, since the execution of tunnels and walls of intermediate units from replaceable, easily replaceable component elements is not envisaged in the closest analogue.

[0013] At the same time, the rectangular cross-section of the tunnels of the known analogue, in addition to the properties of the material from which the tunnels and walls of the intermediate nodes of the closest analogue are made, does not allow for the formation of many shapes and configurations of tunnels and intermediate nodes, for tunnels to be made in variable directions and at different angles to the conditional horizontal, which limits the functionality and dimensions of the global logistics system as a whole. In essence, the tunnels of the closest analogue, according to their design solution, are intended exclusively for the movement of vehicles with certain parameters along them, which limits the functionality of the closest analogue and reduces the requirements for the strength and stability of the tunnels as such.At the same time, the closest analogue does not disclose in detail the design of the walls of the intermediate units, limiting the internal space of these units, allowing for the placement of large cavities in solid, heavy rock between long tunnels stretching over a long distance, which can later be used as residential premises, technical and energy structures, military premises, shelters, warehouses, etc. The technical task of the claimed invention is to create a new underground logistics system that is reliable and safe to use, the constituent elements of which are durable, resistant to impact and long-term heavy loads, can have large overall dimensions and are capable of being located at a great depth under the earth's surface without damage and the need for constant repair.

[0014] The solution to the set technical problem is achieved by the fact that in an underground logistics system, including at least tunnels located under the ground and / or water surface and connected to intermediate nodes of the system and / or to each other, made with the possibility of moving at least vehicles and / or cargo along them, according to the proposal, the tunnels and walls limiting the internal space of the intermediate nodes of the system are formed by prefabricated elements made of fiber-reinforced concrete connected at least to each other.

[0015] In this case, according to the proposal, the prefabricated elements include reinforcing meshes located in the prefabricated elements with an offset in such a way that the intersections of one mesh are located opposite the openings of another mesh.

[0016] Also, according to the proposal, the prefabricated elements are made in the form of slabs and / or elements curved at least on the outside.

[0017] At the same time, according to the proposal, each of the tunnels is made with at least one pair of rails designed to allow rail transport to move along them.

[0018] In addition, according to the proposal, each of the tunnels is made with at least one road designed to allow the movement of motor vehicles along it.

[0019] In addition, according to the proposal, each of the tunnels contains at least one pipeline designed with the possibility of moving containers along it, designed with the possibility of placing passengers and / or cargo in them.

[0020] Moreover, according to the proposal, at least one intermediate node is an underground part of the building and is connected to the above-ground part of at least this building.

[0021] Also, according to the proposal, the intermediate nodes of the system are power plants and / or storage facilities and / or shelters and / or airfields and / or water treatment facilities and / or residential premises and / or industrial facilities and / or fuel storage facilities and / or communication centers and / or scientific institutions and / or unloading stations.

[0022] At the same time, according to the proposal, the entrance to at least one tunnel and the exit from at least one tunnel are located at least at the level of the earth's surface.

[0023] In addition, according to the proposal, the intermediate nodes of the system are connected to objects on the earth's surface by at least elevator shafts.

[0024] In addition, according to the proposal, the tunnels contain at least one path designed to allow movement along it on foot.

[0025] In this case, according to the proposal, the tunnels are at least partially round in cross-section.

[0026] Also, according to the proposal, each of the tunnels is provided with at least one means for supplying the vehicle with electrical energy, connected to a power source.

[0027] At the same time, according to the proposal, the system includes a video surveillance system containing video surveillance means located at least in tunnels and in intermediate nodes and connected to a video surveillance center designed with the ability to receive, store and analyze video surveillance data.

[0028] In addition, according to the proposal, there are watertight seals in the spaces between the prefabricated elements. In addition, according to the proposal, the system includes a lighting system containing lamps located at least in the tunnels and in the intermediate units and connected to a power source.

[0029] In this case, according to the proposal, the system includes a water supply system that contains at least a pipeline connected to water storage tanks and water treatment facilities.

[0030] Also, according to the proposal, the system includes a ventilation system containing at least air ducts designed with the possibility of removing air from the tunnels and intermediate units of the system, supplying air to the tunnels and intermediate units of the system and designed with filtration means installed in them.

[0031] The technical result is an increase in the reliability and safety of using the logistics system, ensuring the possibility of constructing tunnels and intermediate nodes with increased overall dimensions with an increase in their resistance to damage and heavy loads, ensuring the possibility of constructing tunnels and intermediate nodes that have a complex shape and configuration, ensuring the possibility of laying tunnels of increased length in rock that acts with increased load on the walls of the tunnels, ensuring easy replacement of damaged sections of tunnels and / or walls that limit the internal space of intermediate nodes of the system with the elimination of the need to reconstruct damaged sections.

[0032] The cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features of the invention and the expected technical result is as follows.

[0033] In the aggregate of the features of the claimed invention, the said technical result is ensured by making tunnels and walls limiting the internal space of the intermediate nodes of the system from prefabricated elements made of fiber-reinforced concrete. Since the key elements of the claimed underground logistics system, namely tunnels and walls limiting the internal space of the intermediate nodes of the system, are formed by prefabricated elements made of fiber-reinforced concrete connected at least to each other, the tunnels and said walls have increased strength, resistance to impact and long-term loads, mechanical damage due to the properties of fiber-reinforced concrete as such. It is well known that fiber-reinforced concrete is used both in prefabricated and monolithic structures due to its increased resistance to significant loads, as well as due to its very high tensile strength.High tensile strength determines the resistance of fiber concrete to other effects, including shrinkage, displacement, cracking under the influence of heavy weight or impacts, etc. An important characteristic of fiber concrete is its high durability. In addition, it has been experimentally proven that, according to the destruction work index, fiber concrete can be 15-20 times superior to reinforced concrete with a significantly lower density and weight.

[0034] Thus, prefabricated elements made of fiber concrete obtain the corresponding properties, namely increased resistance and strength, including tensile strength, resistance to sign-like loads, increased durability, which allows tunnels and walls of intermediate nodes of the system to be formed from the said prefabricated elements, which can maintain integrity and mutual arrangement in the composition of the constituent elements of the declared system under extreme conditions, such as shelling, bombing, earthquake shocks of significant strength, falls of massive debris from the earth's surface, etc.Since prefabricated elements made of fiber concrete can withstand increased load levels, including increased loads from the mass of heavy, hard rocks, it is possible to form tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system from these prefabricated elements that have large overall dimensions, significant length and can be located at a great depth below the earth's surface, which makes them reliable and safe to use.

[0035] At the same time, the implementation of tunnels and walls of intermediate nodes of the system consisting of prefabricated elements allows for easy replacement or repair by removing damaged prefabricated elements and replacing them with undamaged ones, which eliminates the need to extract damaged integral sections with large overall dimensions, use complex equipment at great depths under the earth's surface, large expenditures of time, resources, energy and labor. Being composed of prefabricated elements, tunnels and intermediate nodes actually become modular and can be implemented in a variety of shapes and configurations relative to each other and the surrounding objects under the earth's surface.Thus, from tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system it is possible to form a safe for use branched network, occupying a large area, having many directions, which are located at different angles to the conditional horizontal level of the earth's surface and can bypass objects in which it is impossible to form tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system.

[0036] The production of prefabricated elements with reinforcing meshes located in prefabricated elements with an offset in such a way that the intersections of one mesh are opposite the openings of another mesh allows for a significant increase in the strength and resistance of prefabricated elements to damage and loads; this offset is optimal in terms of the properties that reinforcing meshes impart to fiber concrete, and makes the constituent elements of the system formed from prefabricated elements as reliable and safe as possible.

[0037] The implementation of at least one intermediate node such that it is an underground part of a building and is connected to an above-ground part of at least this building, the implementation of an entrance to at least one tunnel and an exit from at least one tunnel located at least at the level of the earth's surface, the implementation of intermediate nodes of the system connected to objects on the earth's surface by at least elevator shafts allows for increasing the safety of using the claimed system, since it allows for eliminating the isolation of the claimed system from objects located above the earth's surface, and ensuring the free movement of goods and people from the underground logistics system to the said objects and vice versa, which is critically important, especially in emergency situations.

[0038] The presence of waterproof seals in the spaces between the prefabricated elements increases the safety of the declared system, as it eliminates the leakage of liquid into the tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system, and allows the construction of tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system under rivers and reservoirs, which expands the number of possible configurations of the declared system.

[0039] The implementation of the claimed system with a lighting system containing lamps located at least in the tunnels and in the intermediate units and connected to a power source, with a water supply system containing at least a pipeline connected to water storage tanks and water treatment facilities, with a ventilation system containing at least air ducts made with the possibility of removing air from the tunnels and intermediate units of the system, supplying air to the tunnels and intermediate units of the system and made with filtration means installed in them makes it possible to increase the safety of using the claimed system and the convenience of staying in its constituent elements, since it makes it possible to build a life support system intended to create conditions for a long stay of people in the constituent elements of the claimed system.In this way, it is possible to create the infrastructure of the declared system, which is necessary for the presence of a significant number of people in it, who, in turn, have the opportunity to carry out technical maintenance and repair of the declared system if necessary, and also use it as a safe shelter in emergency situations.

[0040] The essence of the declared underground logistics system is explained with the help of the following drawings:

[0041] Fig. 1 - General diagram of the claimed underground logistics system in an embodiment.

[0042] Fig. 2 - Cross-section of the tunnel of the claimed underground logistics system in one embodiment.

[0043] Fig. 3 - Cross-section of the tunnel of the claimed underground logistics system in another embodiment.

[0044] Fig. 4 - End view of a prefabricated element in the form of a plate curved on the outside in an embodiment.

[0045] Fig. 5 - Top view of a prefabricated element in the form of a plate curved from the outside in an embodiment.

[0046] In addition to the drawings, the declared logistics system is presented in the following image:

[0047] Fig. 6 - View of the tunnel of the claimed underground logistics system in an embodiment.

[0048] The drawings schematically show a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the claimed underground logistics system, including tunnels 1 located under the ground and / or water surface and connected to intermediate nodes of the system 2 and / or to each other, made with the possibility of moving at least vehicles and / or cargo along them. In a preferred embodiment, the claimed system also includes a ventilation system containing at least air ducts 22, which are made with the possibility of removing air from the tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes of the system 2, supplying air to the tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes of the system 2 and are made with filtration means installed in them.Such a system may contain air blowers, air conditioning, heating, cooling or air cleaning devices that are functionally designed for ventilation and processing of air entering tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes of system 2 and exiting them, and are located within tunnels 1 or intermediate nodes of system 2.

[0049] The claimed underground logistics system can be implemented with a water supply system containing at least a pipeline 21 connected to water storage tanks and water treatment facilities 11. Such a system can contain pumps, power sources, filtration devices and other components that are functionally intended for water supply and are located within the tunnels 1 or intermediate nodes of the system 2. The claimed system can also be implemented with a video surveillance system containing video surveillance means 23 located at least in the tunnels 1 and in the intermediate nodes 2 and connected to a video surveillance center configured to receive, store and analyze video surveillance data.

[0050] In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the claimed system is implemented with a lighting system comprising lamps 18 located at least in tunnels 1 and in intermediate units 2 and connected to a power source. The lighting system may also include a control center configured to switch on and off certain lamps manually or automatically, light diffusers, wires and other components functionally intended for lighting and located within tunnels 1 or intermediate units of the system 2.

[0051] Tunnels 1 are formed by prefabricated elements 13 made of fiber concrete, connected at least to each other. In this case, fiber concrete is understood to be a type of cement concrete reinforced with dispersed fibers uniformly distributed throughout its structure. In fiber concrete, metal fibers, primarily steel, mineral (glass, basalt, asbestos), and polymer (polypropylene, etc.), are used for reinforcement. The fibers preferably have a diameter of 0.1-0.5 mm and a length of 10-50 mm. Fiber concrete is produced by mixing fibers and concrete mixture or dry fiber concrete mixture with water.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the tunnels 1 are at least partially circular in cross-section and also comprise at least one track 15, made with the possibility of movement on foot. The tunnels 1 may also comprise at least one pair of rails 14, made with the possibility of movement of rail transport along them, for example, trains, at least one means of supplying a vehicle, for example a monorail train, with electric energy, connected to a power source, at least one road 20, made with the possibility of movement of motor transport along it, for example cars, and also at least one pipeline 17, made with the possibility of movement of containers along it, made with the possibility of placing passengers and / or cargo in them, for example capsules similar to those used in the Hyperloop system.In this case, each of the tunnels 1 of the declared system may contain a list of communications that differs from another tunnel in accordance with the needs of the intermediate nodes of the system 2 connecting the said tunnels, as well as in accordance with the overall dimensions of the tunnels 1 as such.

[0053] The walls, limiting the internal space of the intermediate units of the system 2, are formed by prefabricated elements 13 made of fiber-reinforced concrete, connected at least to each other. In a preferred embodiment of the claimed system, at least one intermediate unit 2 is an underground part of a building 3 and is connected to an above-ground part of at least this building 3. The intermediate units of the system 2 can also be connected to objects on the earth's surface by at least elevator shafts. The intermediate units of the system 2 can be power plants 12 and / or storage facilities 10, and / or shelters 5, and / or airfields 6, and / or water treatment facilities 11, and / or residential premises 7, and / or industrial facilities 8, and / or fuel storage facilities 9, and / or communication centers, and / or scientific institutions, and / or unloading stations. This list is not exhaustive and can include other objects that can function below the earth's surface in normal mode.In general, the intermediate nodes of the system 2 are located under the earth's surface in cavities whose overall dimensions and location correspond to the general plan of the functioning of the declared system. At the same time, the intermediate nodes of the system 2 can be located at the intersection of several tunnels 1 or in the tunnels 1 at least partially.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the claimed system, the entrance 4 into at least one tunnel 1 and the exit 24 from at least one tunnel 1 are located at least at the level of the earth's surface. Such entrances 4 and the exit 24 may be common for the claimed system as a whole and may be equipped with armored gates and other similar devices.

[0055] The prefabricated elements 13 are made of fiber-reinforced concrete, in the preferred embodiment - of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete. The prefabricated elements 13 can also be made of other types of fiber-reinforced concrete that have the necessary properties, for example, of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete. In the preferred embodiment, the prefabricated elements 13 include reinforcing meshes located in the prefabricated elements 12 with an offset such that the intersections of one mesh are opposite the openings of the other mesh, and are also made in the form of slabs and / or elements curved at least from the outside. In the spaces between the prefabricated elements 13, there may be watertight seals 19. Both the tunnels 1 and the intermediate units 2 can be designed with the possibility of isolating them from other constituent elements of the claimed system, for example, using lowerable barriers, armored sliding doors, etc.

[0056] The declared underground logistics system is implemented and used as follows.

[0057] First, channels of the required length are laid under the earth's surface using tunnel boring machines (TBM), after which cavities for intermediate units of the system 2 are formed using shaft works. Then, tunnels 1 are formed in the above-mentioned channels by connecting prefabricated elements 13 together. The connection can be carried out, for example, by welding in combination with a mechanical connection of the corresponding means of the prefabricated elements 13. In a similar way, intermediate units of the system 2 are formed, forming walls from the prefabricated elements 13, limiting their internal space. Such walls preferably form domes or pyramidal structures. In an embodiment, intermediate units of the system 2 are connected to above-ground objects mainly by vertical elevator shafts or similar adit passages. At the same time, an input 4 and an output 24 from the declared system are formed, bringing the end parts of the corresponding tunnels 1 to the level of the earth's surface.

[0058] Further, the necessary equipment, buildings and communications are placed or built in tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes of system 2. Tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes 2, already suitable for use, can be used to deliver the necessary components of equipment, buildings and communications, gradually expanding the declared underground logistics system.

[0059] After all tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes of system 2 are fully equipped with the necessary resources, equipment, buildings, structures and communications, as well as transport vehicles, tunnels 1 are used to move goods and people along them from one intermediate node of system 2 to another, and intermediate nodes of system 2 are used in accordance with their functional type, for example, producing electricity, storing resources and goods, such as energy carriers, conducting scientific research, providing emergency shelter in the event of emergency events, using residential premises for living, ensuring the functioning of infrastructure facilities, such as a water supply system, lighting system, heating system, conducting military operations, producing goods, etc.

[0060] In this case, sections of tunnels 1 and walls limiting the internal space of intermediate units of system 2 are replaced, if necessary, by replacing prefabricated elements 13 with others. In the embodiment of the claimed system, such replacement is carried out by prefabricated elements 13 produced by industrial facilities 8 of the claimed system itself, for example, at least partially from materials surrounding intermediate units 2 or tunnels 1.

[0061] Thus, the claimed system can cover significant areas of terrain with a network of tunnels 1 and intermediate nodes 2, for example, underground parts of cities, and can also connect several populated areas, in one of which an entrance 4 can be located, in another an exit 24, and in other populated areas - above-ground buildings 3, connected to individual intermediate nodes of the system 2.

[0062] The declared underground logistics system (ULS) provides:

[0063] 1. Globality instead of locality of the use of technology using MTB (tunnel boring machine);

[0064] 2. Improvement of production and use of technology for the production of tubular elements;

[0065] 3. Connection: • Safe and fast logistics of both goods and people;

[0066] • Relocation of critical infrastructure underground and its convenient maintenance;

[0067] • Environmentally friendly. No sources of air, land and water pollution;

[0068] • The economic component of PLS ​​is much more profitable than ground logistics;

[0069] • Increasing and simplifying trade / tourism between regions of the country, states, and continents.

[0070] 4. Reducing the degree of vulnerability (logistics, critical infrastructure, economic and social losses, etc.) from military actions, natural disasters and other factors to almost “O”.

[0071] 5. Reducing the congestion of existing transport and logistics networks.

[0072] Using the declared system ensures:

[0073] 1. Underground transport logistics, regular transportation by road will ensure and speed up the process of safe transportation of goods from point A to point B.

[0074] 2. Underground transport logistics of rail transportation can be carried out both in the existing way by laying a rail system, and by introducing the latest technologies, such as hyperloop.

[0075] 3. Safety, protection of any type of cargo transportation from external influences, protection from military actions, weather conditions, traffic jams, etc., which is relevant in our time.

[0076] 4. Safe accompanying laying of cable systems, electrical networks, oil, gas pipes, etc., throughout the entire network of the underground logistics system, which will speed up the data transfer process and ensure their safety from external factors, weather conditions, and military actions.

[0077] 5. The underground logistics system (network) will ensure the safety and speed of freight / passenger communications between the countries through which the declared logistics system passes.

[0078] The existing sources of patent and scientific and technical information do not contain an underground logistics system that has the stated set of essential features, therefore the presented technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty". The proposed technical solution is industrially feasible, since it does not contain any structural elements or materials that cannot be reproduced at the current stage of technical development in industrial production conditions.

Claims

FORMULA 1. An underground logistics system, including at least tunnels located under the earth's and / or water's surface and connected to intermediate nodes of the system and / or to each other, designed with the possibility of moving at least vehicles and / or cargo along them, characterized in that the tunnels and walls, limiting the internal space of the intermediate nodes of the system, are formed by prefabricated elements made of fiber-reinforced concrete, connected at least to each other.

2. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the prefabricated elements include reinforcing meshes located in the prefabricated elements with an offset such that the intersections of one mesh are located opposite the openings of another mesh.

3. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated elements are made in the form of slabs and / or elements curved at least on the outside.

4. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that each of the tunnels is provided with at least one pair of rails designed to allow rail transport to move along them.

5. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that each of the tunnels is provided with at least one road designed to allow the movement of motor vehicles along it.

6. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that each of the tunnels contains at least one pipeline designed with the possibility of moving containers along it, designed with the possibility of placing passengers and / or cargo in them.

7. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one intermediate node is an underground part of a building and is connected to an above-ground part of at least this building.

8. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the intermediate nodes of the system are power plants and / or storage facilities and / or shelters and / or airfields and / or water treatment facilities and / or residential premises and / or industrial facilities and / or fuel storage facilities and / or communication centers and / or scientific institutions and / or unloading stations.

9. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that the entrance to at least one tunnel and the exit from at least one tunnel are located at least at the level of the earth's surface.

10. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the intermediate nodes of the system are connected to objects on the earth's surface by at least elevator shafts.

11. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnels contain at least one path designed to allow movement along it on foot.

12. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnels are at least partially circular in cross-section.

13. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the tunnels is provided with at least one means for supplying the vehicle with electrical energy, connected to a power source.

14. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a video surveillance system containing video surveillance means located at least in the tunnels and in intermediate nodes and connected to a video surveillance center, designed with the ability to receive, store and analyze video surveillance data.

15. An underground logistics system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that there are waterproof seals in the spaces between the prefabricated elements.

16. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a lighting system containing lamps located at least in the tunnels and in intermediate nodes and connected to a power source.

17. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a water supply system containing at least a pipeline connected to water storage tanks and water treatment facilities.

18. An underground logistics system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a ventilation system containing at least air ducts that are designed with the possibility of removing air from the tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system, supplying air to the tunnels and intermediate nodes of the system, and are designed with filtration means installed in them.

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