Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for preventing or treating KRAS-associated diseases or conditions
Novel multi-peptide compositions and vaccines targeting KRAS induce strong immune responses and effective tumor growth inhibition in KRAS-associated diseases, addressing the limitations of current therapies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/130554
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-11-15
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-22
AI Technical Summary
Current therapies for KRAS-associated diseases, such as cancers, are not effective for many patients, and there is a lack of approved vaccine compositions that stimulate KRAS-specific immune responses.
Development of novel multi-peptide compositions and vaccines targeting KRAS or its nucleic acid sequences, comprising specific peptides or peptide fragments, which elicit an adaptive immune response and induce cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte responses against mutant KRAS-expressing tumor cells.
The compositions demonstrate high immunogenicity, inducing strong tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft models and high levels of IFNγ secretion by antigen-restimulated splenic T cells, while being inexpensive to manufacture and having minimal safety concerns.
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Figure CN2024130554_22052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING KRAS-ASSOCIATED DISEASES OR CONDITIONS
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 (e) of U.S. Provisional Application having Serial No. 63 / 598,957 filed November 15, 2023, the entire contents of which is / are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
[0003] REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING
[0004] This application contains a sequence listing which has been submitted electronically in ST. 26 (xml) format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ST. 26 copy, created on 4 November 2024, is named “C9030000003PCTCN. xml” and is 16 kilobytes in size.FIELD OF INVENTION
[0005] This application relates to compositions for treating or preventing KRAS-associated diseases or conditions such as cancers. In particular, this application relates to pharmaceutical compositions, vaccines, peptides targeting KRAS and methods and uses thereof for preventing or treating KRAS-associated diseases or conditions such as cancers.BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0006] Cancer is a global disease that currently affects a huge segment of the global population. Although certain treatments are available, there are still many patients for whom current therapies are not effective.
[0007] Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue (KRAS) is one of the most frequently mutated proto-oncogenes in human cancers. It is reported that KRAS mutation is present in 25%of all cancer incidences. Mutation of KRAS can be observed in multiple cancer types including pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and multiple myeloma. The glycine at position 12 (G12) of the protein sequence is one of the mutation hotspots of KRAS. The changes of G12 to other amino acids such as valine (V) , aspartic acid (D) , and cysteine (C) are regarded as critical driver mutations as the activation of KRAS can be persistently attained. As such, mutated KRAS can induce various important oncogenic signaling pathways to promote the carcinogenesis of different cancer types. KRAS mutants offer the potential for the development of cancer-specific anti-cancer therapy. G12 mutations are reported as neoantigens in which the immune system of the patient is able to generate a specific immune response targeting the cells presenting the antigens, leading to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Some attempts have been made to prepare vaccines targeting KRAS for treating cancers with minimal success. However, no vaccine composition based on the stimulation of KRAS-specific immune responses has been approved. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for alternative, effective, and safe compositions and methods of treating or preventing cancers and / or KRAS associated diseases or conditions.SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0008] Disclosed herein are novel multi-peptide compositions, vaccines, comprising one or more peptides or peptide fragments targeting KRAS or the nucleic acid sequences thereof, processes for preparing the same, methods of using the same, intermediates used in preparing the compositions, that are useful for the prevention or treatment of KRAS associated conditions or diseases such as cancers. In some other embodiments, disclosed herein are novel compositions, recombinant nucleic acid systems, vaccines, and kits comprising one or more peptides or peptide fragments targeting KRAS described herein or the nucleic acid sequences thereof, processes for preparing the same, methods of using the same, intermediates used in preparing the compositions, that are useful for the prevention or treatment of KRAS associated conditions or diseases such as cancers.
[0009] In some embodiments, disclosed herein are novel pharmaceutical compositions, comprising at least one or more of the following peptides: (a) a first peptide, comprising a first amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 1-25 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; (b) a second peptide, comprising a second amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 22-51 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; (c) a third peptide, comprising a third amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 36-64 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof ; (d) a fourth peptide, comprising a fourth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 60-86 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; (e) a fifth peptide, comprising a fifth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 84-110 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; (f) a sixth peptide, comprising a sixth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 106-133 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; (g) a seventh peptide, comprising a seventh amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 137-165 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; and / or (h) an eighth peptide, comprising an eighth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 161-189 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; and optionally the novel pharmaceutical compositions further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0010] There are many advantages of the invention. In some embodiments, the present invention demonstrates high immunogenicity against disease or condition associated with expression of KRAS protein such as cancers in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the provided compositions, vaccines, target KRAS through an adaptive immune response. In some embodiments, the present invention uses certain specific regions or subunits of KRAS protein with various peptide lengths (such as 20-to 40-mers) as the active ingredients / antigens of the vaccine. In some embodiments, the provided compositions and vaccines are in a multi-peptide format, which contain peptides harboring the G12D neoantigen, as well as peptides covering other amino acid sequence regions of the KRAS protein. In some embodiments, the provided compositions, vaccines have different combination of peptides and optionally mix with different adjuvants. In some embodiments, after immunizing balb / c mice were immunized with the provided compositions, vaccines, a strong cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte response was elicited to specifically lyse MHC class I / II-restricted mutant KRAS-expressing tumor cells. In some embodiments, the adaptive immunity induced by the provided compositions, vaccines can generate a strong immunotherapeutic effect, as demonstrated by the induction of high tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft models, as well as the high level of IFNγsecretion by antigen-restimulated splenic T cells. In another embodiments, the provided compositions, vaccines are inexpensive to manufacture, and can be conveniently administered. In some embodiments, the provided compositions vaccines are capable of eliciting both CD4 and CD8 immune responses, while they also cover more epitopes for a wider range of HLA alleles to increase their utility in a broader spectrum of patients. In some embodiments, the provided compositions vaccines provide a cheaper and more convenient approach to trigger anti-KRAS immune responses while having minimum safety concern as toxicity is generally mild.
[0011] In certain embodiments, the combination of the specific peptides targeting different epitopes of KRAS provides unexpected synergistic effects to the efficacy of the compositions in preventing or treating KRAS associated diseases or conditions such as cancers.
[0012] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0013] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the schedule of in vivo mouse immunization and T cell immune response determination, according to an example embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a diagram which depicts the gel results of mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay comparing the adjuvant effect of CpG ODN 1826 and aluminum hydroxide gel (CpG ODN 1826 + Alum) or Complete Freund’s Adjuvant / Incomplete Freudn’s Adjuvant (CFA / IFA) , according to an example embodiment. The numbers at the top left-hand corners of each gel results indicate the spot numbers from the mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram which depicts the gel results of mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay after treatment with 8 peptide mix, 5 KLH / naked peptide mix, according to an example embodiment. The numbers at the top left-hand corners of each gel results indicate the spot numbers from the mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram which depicts the gel results of mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay after treatment with 8 peptide mix, 5 KLH / naked peptide mix with or without G12D neoantigen-containing peptides, according to an example embodiment. The numbers at the top left-hand corners of each gel results indicate the spot numbers from the mouse IFNγELISPOT assay.
[0017] FIG. 5 is a diagram which depicts the gel results of mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay of antigenic KRAS peptide mapping (P1, P4, and P8) , according to the same example embodiment. The numbers at the top left-hand corners of each gel results indicate the spot numbers from the mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay.
[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the schedule of in vivo mouse immunization, CT26 mouse tumor cell inoculation and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) evaluation, according to an example embodiment.
[0019] FIG. 7A is a line diagram which illustrates the TGI level post inoculation with example compositions containing KRAS naked peptide and KLH-conjugated peptide mixes, according to an example embodiment.
[0020] FIGS. 7B-C are diagrams which illustrate the tumor size and weight changes post-inoculation with example composition containing KRAS naked peptide and KLH-conjugated peptide mixes, according to the same example embodiment of FIG. 7A.
[0021] FIG. 8A is a diagram which depicts the gel results of mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay at the endpoint of the prophylactic anti-tumor study, according to an example embodiment. The numbers at the bottom right-hand corners of each gel results indicate the spot numbers from the mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay.
[0022] FIG. 8B is a scatterplot diagram which depicts the results of mouse IFNγELISPOT assay at the endpoint of the prophylactic anti-tumor study, according to the same example embodiment of FIG. 8A.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] As used herein and in the claims, the terms “comprising” (or any related form such as “comprise” and “comprises” ) , “including” (or any related forms such as “include” or “includes” ) , “containing” (or any related forms such as “contain” or “contains” ) , means including the following elements but not excluding others. It shall be understood that for every embodiment in which the term “comprising” (or any related form such as “comprise” and “comprises” ) , “including” (or any related forms such as “include” or “includes” ) , or “containing” (or any related forms such as “contain” or “contains” ) is used, this disclosure / application also includes alternate embodiments where the term “comprising” , “including, ” or “containing, ” is replaced with “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of” . These alternate embodiments that use “consisting of” or “consisting essentially of” are understood to be narrower embodiments of the “comprising” , “including, ” or “containing, ” embodiments.
[0024] For example, alternate embodiments of “acomposition comprising A, B, and C” would be “acomposition consisting of A, B, and C” and “acomposition consisting essentially of A, B, and C. ” Even if the latter two embodiments are not explicitly written out, this disclosure / application includes those embodiments. Furthermore, it shall be understood that the scopes of the three embodiments listed above are different.
[0025] For the sake of clarity, “comprising” , including, and “containing” , and any related forms are open-ended terms which allows for additional elements or features beyond the named essential elements, whereas “consisting of” is a closed end term that is limited to the elements recited in the claim and excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim.
[0026] For the sake of clarity, “characterized by” or “characterized in” (together with their related forms as described above) , does not limit or change the nature of whether the list of terms following it are open or closed. For example, in a claim directed towards “acomposition comprising A, B, C, and characterized in D, E, and F” , the elements D, E, and F are still open-ended terms and the claim is meant to include other elements due to the use of the word “comprising” earlier in the claim.
[0027] “Consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials, components, or steps ( “essential elements” ) that do not materially affect the essential characteristic (s) of the claimed invention. In some embodiments, the essential characteristics are the basic and novel characteristic (s) of the claimed invention. For example, in some embodiments, the essential elements of a composition of the disclosure can be “Xmg to Ymg” of compound A. Even if the composition includes additional excipients, as long as the additional excipients do not materially affect the essential characteristics of the compound, e.g., in compound A’s ability to bind to XX target or to treat YY disease, then such embodiment that “consists essentially of compound A” still includes compositions with the aforementioned additional excipients. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Where a range is referred in the specification, the range is understood to include each discrete point within the range. For example, 1-7 means 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
[0028] As used herein, the term "about" is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art and not more than ±10%of a stated value. By way of example only, about 50 means from 45 to 55 including all values in between. As used herein, the phrase "about" a specific value also includes the specific value, for example, about 50 includes 50.
[0029] As used herein and in the claims, an "effective amount" , is an amount that is effective to achieve at least a measurable amount of a desired effect. For example, the amount may be effective to elicit an immune response, and / or it may be effective to elicit a protective response, against a pathogen bearing the peptide of interest. In some embodiments, the amount may be effective to elicit an immune response against cancer or tumor.
[0030] As used herein and in the claims, a “subject” refers to animals such as mammals, including, but not limited to, primates (e.g., humans) , cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice and the like. In some embodiments, the subject in need is human.
[0031] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” or “composition” refers to a formulation containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient (s) . In some examples, a pharmaceutical composition containing one or more peptides targeting KRAS and optionally a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition is used as a medicament or vaccine that is capable of inducing an immune response in a subject in need. In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition is also referred to as “vaccine” , “peptide vaccine” or “peptide cancer vaccine” .
[0032] As used herein and in the claims, the term "treat, " "treating" or "treatment" refers to methods of alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition symptoms, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition either prophylactically and / or therapeutically.
[0033] As used herein and in the claims, the term “prevent” , “preventing” , “preventive” , “preventative” or “prevention” refers the methods of reducing the risk of the onset, relapse or spread of a disease or disorder or one or more of their symptoms.
[0034] As used herein, the term "variant sequence” refers to a nucleic acid or peptide sequence that displays certain degree of identity to a reference or wild-type nucleic acid or peptide sequence, for example, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%or at least 99%. For example, a variant sequence has one or more additions, deletions, insertions, and / or substitutions or other modifications when compared to a reference or wild-type sequence. Variant sequence also includes sequence of a functional homologue.
[0035] As used herein, the term "functional homologue” refers to a peptide that exhibits certain sequence identity with a reference or wild-type sequence and possess certain aspect of the reference or wild-type peptide’s functionality. For example, a functional homologue of KRAS has the capability to exhibit similar immune response to cells expressing KRAS and / or prevent or treat KRAS associated diseases or conditions such as cancers.
[0036] As used herein, the term “peptide” refers to a chain of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. In some examples, peptide refers to an amino acid chain having an amino acid sequence spanning amino-acid residues at certain specific region of KRAS protein or a functional homologue thereof, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity. In some examples, the first peptide, the second peptide, the third peptide and / or the fourth peptide (or more) can be generally referred as “peptides” . In some examples, the peptides have about 20-40 amino acid residues. In some examples, the peptide (s) used in the compositions are isolated, synthetic or recombinant. In some examples, a peptide includes a polypeptide that contains multiple peptides chemically linked together. In some examples, a peptide includes a synthetic long peptide (SLP) .
[0037] As used herein, the term “fusion protein” refers to a protein that is created by an expression of two or more peptide genes that are originally encoded for separate peptides joining together.
[0038] As used herein, the term "Synthetic long peptide" , or "SLP" refers to a peptide having relatively longer amino acid sequences, for example, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200 amino acids or more. For example, a SLP contains amino acid sequences of multiple peptides targeting one or more epitopes specific to one or more of these domains of KRAS.
[0039] As used herein, the term "nucleic acid system, " "nucleic acid construct" or "vector" may be used interchangeably herein and generally refers to a genetically engineered nucleic acid or a genetic circuit that includes one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding one or more peptides or fragments thereof, or complement thereof and optionally one or more promoters, enhancers, terminators, linkers, polyA tails, operative liners, multiple cloning sites, markers, and / or other regulatory elements. The nucleic acid sequences and the promoters may be placed in any order, and they may be located in the same molecule or in different molecules.
[0040] As used herein, the term and in the claims, “KRAS protein” (also known as C-Ki-Ras protein, K-Ras protein, or RASK2 protein) refers to a GTPase protein encoded by KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue) gene. In certain embodiments, “KRAS protein” also include, but are not limited to, the functional variants or homologs thereof. In certain embodiments, the functional variants or homologs of KRAS protein are derived from animals such as human, mouse, bovine, porcine, sheep, monkey, goat, dog, cat, or camel.
[0041] As used herein and in the claims, “spanning” is used to describe a condition where a particular element, structure, or range covers at least a portion or entire portion of a stated feature. For example, if an amino acid sequence comprising 10 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 10-30 of KRAS protein, the amino acid sequence may contain 10 contiguous amino acids of a partial sequence of the KRAS protein at any amino-acid residue positions between 10-30, such as, position 12-21. For example, if an amino acid sequence comprising 40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 30-50 of KRAS protein, the amino acid sequence may contain the entire 21 amino acids of the KRAS protein at amino-acid residue position between 10-20, plus other sequence (s) such as partial sequence (s) of the KRAS protein upstream and / or downstream the amino-acid residue positions between 30-50, such as 10-29, or 51-70, or 20-29 and 51-61.
[0042] As used herein, the term "adjuvant” refers to a molecule or substance whose mixing with active ingredient upon administration to a subject in need to increase immune response thereof.
[0043] As used herein, the term "checkpoint inhibitor" refers to an agent or a compound that binds or targets an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule and blocks its activity.
[0044] As used herein and in the claims, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “carrier” refers to a molecule or substance such as a protein used as a vehicle or medium to deliver a drug or active ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation. In some examples, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is conjugated to one or more active ingredients such as peptides. Example includes but not limited to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) , liposomes, cyclodextrins, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , nanoparticles, microspheres, hydrogels.
[0045] NUMBERED EMBODIMENTS
[0046] Embodiment 1. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least one or more of the following peptides: a) a first peptide, comprising a first amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 1-25 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; b) a second peptide, comprising a second amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 22-51 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; c) a third peptide, comprising a third amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 36-64 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof ; d) a fourth peptide, comprising a fourth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 60-86 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; e) a fifth peptide, comprising a fifth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 84-110 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; f) a sixth peptide, comprising a sixth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 106-133 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; g) a seventh peptide, comprising a seventh amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 137-165 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; and / or h) an eighth peptide, comprising an eighth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 161-189 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0047] Embodiment 2. The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 1, wherein the first sequence comprises 25 contiguous amino-acid residues, the second sequence comprises 30 contiguous amino-acid residues, the third sequence comprises 29 contiguous amino-acid residues, the fourth sequence comprises 27 contiguous amino-acid residues, the fifth sequence comprises 27 contiguous amino-acid residues, the sixth sequence comprises 28 contiguous amino-acid residues, the seventh sequence comprises 29 contiguous amino-acid residues, and the eighth sequence comprises 29 contiguous amino-acid residues.
[0048] Embodiment 3. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first peptide has at least one substitution at amino acid position G12 and / or G13.
[0049] Embodiment 4. The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 3, wherein the at least one substitution is selected from a group consisting of G12D, G12V, G12C, G13D, G12R, G12A, G12S, and G13C.
[0050] Embodiment 5. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the KRAS protein has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of amino acid sequence NP_001356715.1, or a functional homologue thereof.
[0051] Embodiment 6. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein: the first peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID NO.: 1, the second peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 2, the third peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 3, the fourth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 4, the fifth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 5, the sixth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 6, the seventh peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 7, and the eighth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 8.
[0052] Embodiment 7. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising one or more of excipients, adjuvants, checkpoint inhibitors, other vaccine, or therapeutics and combination thereof.
[0053] Embodiment 8. The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 7, wherein: the checkpoint inhibitors target one or more checkpoint proteins selected from the group consisting of PDL1, PD1, CTLA4, and combination thereof; and / or the pharmaceutical acceptable carrier is keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) , liposomes, cyclodextrins, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , nanoparticles, microspheres, hydrogels and combination thereof; and / or the adjuvants are selected from a group consisting of CpG ODN 1826 (CpG) , aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) , aluminum phosphate, Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant, Complete Freund's Adjuvant, NH2, MF59, pan DR epitope (PADRE) and combination thereof.
[0054] Embodiment 9. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the one or more of the peptides are expressed as a fusion protein.
[0055] Embodiment 10. A recombinant nucleic acid system, comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding one or more of the following peptides: a) a first peptide, comprising a first amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 1-25 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the first sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; b) a second peptide, comprising a second amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 22-51 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the second sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; c) a third peptide, comprising a third amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 36-64 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the third sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; d) a fourth peptide, comprising a fourth amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 60-86 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the fourth amino sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; e) a fifth peptide, comprising a fifth amino acid sequence a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 84-110 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the fifth sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; f) a sixth peptide, comprising a sixth amino acid sequence a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 106-133 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the sixth sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; g) a seventh peptide, comprising a seventh amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 137-165 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the seventh sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; and / or h) an eighth peptide, comprising an eighth amino acid sequence a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 161-189 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the eighth sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length.
[0056] Embodiment 11. The recombinant nucleic acid system of embodiment 10, wherein: the first peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID NO.: 1, the second peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 2, the third peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 3, the fourth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 4, the fifth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 5, the sixth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 6, the seventh peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 7, and the eighth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No.: 8.
[0057] Embodiment 12. The recombinant nucleic acid system of embodiment 10 or claim 11, wherein the one or more of the peptides are expressed as a fusion protein.
[0058] Embodiment 13. A method of preventing or treating disease or condition associated with expression of KRAS protein in a subject in need thereof, comprising a step of administering to the subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 1-9.
[0059] Although the description referred to particular embodiments, the disclosure should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
[0060] EXAMPLES
[0061] Provided herein are examples that describe in more detail certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The examples provided herein are merely for illustrative purposes and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention in any way. All references given below and elsewhere in the present application are hereby included by reference.
[0062] Example 1: Peptide design and synthesis of the KRAS peptide
[0063] Eight example peptides were designed according to the protein sequence of human KRAS protein (NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_001356715.1) . The location of each of the peptides within the KRAS proteins are amino acid positions 1-25 (CKLS107-P1;or “P1” ) , 22-51 (CKLS107-P2; or “P2” ) , 36-64 (CKLS107-P3; or “P3” ) , 60-86 (CKLS107-P4; or “P4” ) , 84-110 (CKLS107-P5; or “P5” ) , 106-133 (CKLS107-P6; or “P6” ) , 137-165 (CKLS107-P7; or “P7” ) , 161-189 (CKLS107-P8; or “P8” ) , which was predicted by multiple algorithms (or prediction methods) including netmhciipan_el, nn_align 2.3, netmhciipan_ba 4.0, consensus 2.22 (MHC-II Binding Predictions) in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) (available in http: / / tools. iedb. org / mhcii / ) , SYFPEITHI (available in http: / / www. syfpeithi. de / ) and Rankpep (available in http: / / imed. med. ucm. es / Tools / rankpep. html) . Table 1 summarized the list of the example peptide sequences P1-P8.
[0064] Table 1. List of amino acid sequence information of synthetic KRAS peptides, P1-P8
[0065] P1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) harbors a G12D mutation relative to its wild-type sequence. Some other possible variants of P1 are illustrated in SEQ ID NO.: 9 and Table 2 below:
[0066] MTEYKLVVVGAX12X13VGKSALTIQLIQ (SEQ ID NO.: 9)
[0067] where X12= D” , “V” , “C” , “R” , “A” , “S” ; and / or
[0068] X13= "D" or "C".
[0069] Table 2. Missense KRAS example mutation in human cancer that can be substituted into P1.
[0070] Example 2: In vivo mouse immunization study
[0071] 2.1 Methods and Materials
[0072] 2.1.1 Peptide synthesis
[0073] For in vivo mouse immunization study, 8 naked example peptides, P1-P8 (SEQ ID NOs.: 1-8) , and 5 selected example peptides of P2, P3, P4, P6, and P8 for Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) conjugation (or denoted as “KLH-P2” , “KLH-P3” , “KLH-P4” , “KLH-P6” , “KLH-P8” ) were synthesized. The example peptides were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . The molecular mass of the peptide was confirmed by mass spectrometry, and the purity were higher than 80%. Example KLH-conjugated peptides, KLH-P2, KLH-P3, KLH-P4, KLH-P6, KLH-P8, were prepared by conjugating the peptides to KLH carrier protein by thiol-maleimide reaction, followed by purification by dialysis.
[0074] 2.1.2In vivomouse immunization
[0075] Different format of example pharmaceutical compositions (or called “vaccines” ) were prepared by mixing 8 or 5 naked example peptides or KLH-conjugated example peptides described in Section 2.1.1. The quantity of each peptide within each of the example vaccine was about 25 μg. The peptides were then adjuvanted with either CpG ODN 1826 and aluminum hydroxide gel (CpG ODN 1826 + Alum) or Complete Freund’s Adjuvant / Incomplete Freudn’s Adjuvant (CFA / IFA) . The concentrations of the adjuvants used are as follows: CpG ODN 1826, 50ug / mouse, Invivogen; adjuvant 2%, 1: 1 volume ratio of adjuvant 2%to antigen solution, Invivogen; CFA, 1: 1 volume ratio of CFA to antigen solution, Sigma; IFA, 1: 1 volume ratio of CFA to antigen solution, Sigma. For CpG ODN 1826 + Alum adjuvanted vaccine, CpG ODN 1826 (about 50μg / mouse) was first mixed with the peptides, and an equal volume of Alum was added to bring the total volume to about 200μl / mouse. For CFA / IFA adjuvanted vaccine, an equal volume of CFA (primer) or IFA (booster) were mixed with the peptides to bring the total volume to 200μl / mouse. After the preparation of the vaccine, they were injected subcutaneously into the mice according to the grouping in Table 3.
[0076] Table 3. Grouping and plan of in vivo mouse immunization study
[0077] Now referring to FIG. 1 and Table 3, there were six groups of mice that were immunized with either the KRAS peptide-based example compositions or adjuvant only. Mice immunized with adjuvant only were the control group to the respective vaccine group using the same adjuvant. Each group of mice (N = 3) received one primary immunization and 3 to 5 times of booster immunizations. The grouping and in vivo mouse immunization plan is listed in Table 3. Balb / c mice aged 6-8 weeks were purchased for the in vivo immunization study. For preparing example composition containing CpG ODN 1826 +Alum adjuvanted peptide vaccine, Balb / c mice had received the prime immunization with the KRAS multi-peptide vaccine (about 25μg / peptide / mouse) at day 0, then immunized with booster vaccine at day 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49. Adjuvants only were injected subcutaneously as mock control Groups 1 and 4 in this Example. One mouse from each group was sacrificed at day 28, 42 and 56. The spleens were collected and splenocytes were isolated for subsequent immune response study. The schedule of in vivo mouse immunization and T cell immune response determination is depicted in FIG. 1.
[0078] 2.1.3 Mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay forin vivo mouse immunization study
[0079] For the in vivo mouse immunization assay, one mouse from each group was sacrificed after the designated rounds of immunization for the evaluation of KRAS peptide vaccine immunogenicity. During the assay, different pools of peptides were added into the ELISPOT medium to restimulate the IFNγ release activity of the splenocytes. Designated concentrations of peptide mix (about 10μg / mL, 25μg / mL, 50μg / mL, 100 μg / mL for each peptide) were added to the assay medium during the ELISPOT assay. All 8 naked peptides (naked P1 to P8) were at one point tested for all groups. A pool of 5 naked peptides including naked P2, P3, P4, P6 and P8 were tested for Groups 1 and 3 and 4.
[0080] 2.2 Results
[0081] 2.2.1In vivo immune responses were generated by the example compositions of the peptide mixes
[0082] Now referring to FIG. 2. and Table 3, various example compositions, with either all 8 peptides or 5 selected peptides (either conjugated or naked) , were used for test. To note, the G12D neoantigen harbouring peptide P1 was included in the 8 peptide mixture compositions (Group 2 and Group 6) but not in the 5 peptide mixture compositions (Group 3 and Group 4) . In Groups 2 and 6, all 8 peptides were mixed as antigens of the example compositions. Five KLH-conjugated peptides (KLH-P2, KLH-P3, KLH-P4, KLH-P6, KLH-P8) and their respective naked peptides (P2, P3, P4, P6, P8) were mixed as the antigens of example composition in Groups 3 and 4, respectively. CpG+Alum was used as the adjuvant in Groups 1 to 4, while CFA / IFA was used as the adjuvant in Groups 5 and 6. The example composition containing CpG+Alum adjvant only (Group 1) was the corresponding negative control of Groups 2 to 4, while the composition containing CFA / IFA adjuvant only (Group 5) was the negative control of Group 6. All mice in each group received 1 prime immunization of 3 booster immunization before the sacrifice of one mouse in each group at day 28 for the evaluation of potential immune response generated.
[0083] The immunogenicity of the peptide vaccine was demonstrated by the capability of splenocytes to release IFNγ upon the restimulation of antigen (KRAS peptide mix or individual peptides) . Such capability can be determined by observing the number of spots formed during the mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay. Seven days after the third booster immunization (day 28) , one mouse from each group (N = 3) were sacrified for evaluation of KRAS peptide vaccine immunogenicity. The 8 peptide mix were used during restimulation in Groups 1, 2, 5 and 6, while the 5 peptide mix was used during the restimulation of Groups 1, 3, 4 and 5. Mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay showed that after 4 rounds of immunization, the example composition containing all 8 peptides (Group 2) showed clear spots forming with both peptide mix concentrations, while the respective adjuvant only control groups (Group 1) had no spots forming. The effect of CpG + Alum as the adjuvant of the peptide vaccine (Groups 1-4) was stronger than that of CFA / IFA (Groups 5-6) , as observed in FIG. 2. In this example of immune response determination, no immune response can be detected in Groups 3 and 4 on day 28.
[0084] Now referring to FIG. 3, the remaining two mice in each group received the 4th booster immunization at day 35. Again, one mouse in each group was sacrified after the 4th booster (day 44) for the evaluation of potential immune response generated. Each group received the same set of peptide mix restimulation as the 1st ELISPOT assay. To improve the sensitivity of detecting potential immune response, the concentration of peptide restimulation was increased to about 50μg / mL and 100μg / mL. The 2nd mIFNγ ELISPOT assay showed that the example compositions containing peptide mixes in Groups 3 and 4 were able to induce T cell responses (FIG. 3) . Results demonstrated that the example compositions containing 5 peptide mixtures (naked or conjugated) without peptide P1 (which contains G12D mutation) surpisingly generated immune response.
[0085] 2.2.2 Peptide vaccines targeting WT regions of KRAS exhibited immune response
[0086] Now referring to FIG. 4, the last mouse in each group received the 5th booster immunization at day 59, and was sacrificed at day 66. Here, all groups received two peptide mixes for restimulation (about 25μg / mL per peptide) , which were the example compositions containing 8 peptide mix (P1-P8) , and a 7 peptide mix (P2-P8) without the G12D harbouring P1 peptide. Results showed that both 8 peptide mix and 7 peptide mix could induce immune response of Groups 2, 3 and 4 (FIG. 4) . In other words, immune responses were surprisingly generated by compositions containing peptide mix even without G12D neoantigen. More spots were formed in Group 3 (5 KLH-conjugated peptide mix) than Group 4 (5 naked peptide mix) , suggesting that conjugation of the peptide (s) to the carrier protein KLH potentially enhance the immunogenicity of the KRAS peptide compositions. Suprisingly, spot numbers were similar between Groups 2 and 3 using the 8 peptide mix for restimulation. Results demonstrated that the effect of the 5 KLH-conjugated peptide mix was similar to the neoantigen containing 8 peptide mix. Such effect was confirmed by the restimulation results as the immune response generated from Group 2 (8 peptide mix) was diminished when the G12D harbouring peptide P1 was removed from the restimulation procedure, as observed in FIG. 4, while the effect observed in Group 3 (5 KLH-conjugated peptide mix) remained unchanged. The results indicated that example compositions containing some or all of the peptide mixes (P1-P8) can generate KRAS-specific immune responses. Particularly, example compositions containing 5 KLH-conjugated peptide mix (KLH-P2, KLH-P3, KLH-P4, KLH-P6, KLH-P8) can generate even higher KRAS-specific immune responses than that containing 8 peptide mixes (P1-P8) .
[0087] Now referring to FIG. 5, in addition to the restimulation using the peptide mixes, antigenic peptide mapping was performed by adding peptides P1, P4 and P8 individually (about 50μg / mL) during the restimulation process of the ELISPOT assay. Spots formation were observed after using P1, P4 and P8. The results suggested that the overall immune response of both the 8 peptide mix and the 5 peptide mix may be derived from the G12D neoantigen harbouring peptide P1, as well as the wild type (WT) peptide P4 and P8 (FIG. 6) .Consistent to the previous peptide mix restimulation result, more spots were formed in KLH-conjugated peptide mix when compared to naked peptide mix.
[0088] Example 3: In vivo mouse prophylactic anti-tumor study
[0089] 3.1 Methods and Materials
[0090] 3.1.1 Peptide synthesis
[0091] A second batch of naked peptides (P1 to P8; see Table 1 of Example 1) and their respective KLH-conjugated peptides (KLH-P1 to KLH-P8) were synthesized for prophylactic anti-tumor study. In this example, all peptides in the example compositions had a corresponding KLH-conjugated version. For P1, P5 and P7, a cysteine residue was added to the C-terminal of the peptide to allow the conjugation of KLH.
[0092] Two formats of the second-batch example compositions were prepared by either mixing 8 naked peptides (P1-P8) or 8 KLH-conjugated peptides (KLH-P1-KLH-P8) , and the quantity of each peptide within the example compositions was about 25 μg. The example peptides were then adjuvanted with CpG ODN 1826 + Alum. For CpG ODN 1826 + Alum adjuvanted example compositions, CpG ODN 1826 (about 50 μg / mouse) was first mixed with the peptides, and an equal volume of Alum was added to bring the total volume to about 150 μl / mouse.
[0093] 3.1.2In vivo mouse prophylactic anti-tumor study
[0094] Now referring to FIG. 6 and Table 4, totally there were three groups of mice that were immunized with the KRAS peptide-based vaccines, or adjuvant only. Mice immunized with adjuvant only (Group 9) were the control group to the respective vaccine group using the same adjuvant (Group 7 and Group 8) . Each group of mice (N = 10) had received one primary immunization and 6 times of booster immunizations. The grouping and the plan for in vivo mouse immunization, mouse CT26 tumor cell inoculation is shown in Table 4. Balb / c mice aged 6-8 weeks were purchased for the prophylactic anti-tumor study. For preparing CpG ODN 1826 + Alum adjuvanted peptide vaccine, balb / c mice had received the prime immunization with the KRAS multi-peptide based example compositions (about 25μg / peptide / mouse) at day 0, then immunized with three booster example compositions at day 7, 14, and 21. Mouse CT26 tumor cell was inoculated at day 28. After inoculation, three more booster example compositions were immunized at day 29, 36 and 43. Adjuvants only were be injected subcutaneously as mock control group. All mice from each group were sacrificed at day 48. The spleens of three mice of each group were collected and splenocytes were isolated for subsequent immune response study. The schedule of in vivo mouse immunization, CT26 mouse tumor cell inoculation and TGI evaluation was depicted in FIG. 6.
[0095] Table 4. Grouping and plan ofin vivo mouse prophylactic anti-tumor study
[0096] 3.1.2 Mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay forin vivo mouse prophylactic anti-tumor study
[0097] The spleens of the mice were collected from the sacrificed mice, and the splenocytes were then isolated from the spleens. After the isolation of the splenocytes, the cells were plated on 96-well ELISPOT plate precoated with anti-mouse interferon γ (mIFN-γ) detection antibody and containing media with either a mix of peptides or individual peptide, positive controls (Concanavalin A (Con A) ; Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + Ionomycin may be used alternatively) or negative control (no antigen) . After 48 hours, signals of the ELISPOT assay were be developed. When dry, an automated plate reader system was used to image the plate and quantify spot numbers formed in the ELISPOT plate.
[0098] For the prophylactic anti-tumor assay, four mice from each group were sacrificed at the end of the entire study for the evaluation of immunogenicity for KRAS peptide based example compositions. During the assay, a pool of all 8 naked peptides (P1-P8) and a pool of 7 naked peptides (P2-P8, with P1 excluded) were added into the ELISPOT medium to restimulate the IFNγ release activity of the splenocytes. The concentration of each peptide treated during the ELISPOT assay is about 50μg / mL.
[0099] 3.2 Results
[0100] 3.2.1In vivo anti-tumor effect were generated by vaccine of the peptide mixes
[0101] Two example compositions containing either all 8 naked peptides or 8 KLH-conjugated peptides, were used as the antigens as the vaccine prototypes. To note, the G12D neoantigen harbouring peptide P1 was included in both prototypes. In Group 7, all 8 peptides P1-P8 were mixed as the antigens of the vaccine. In Group 8, all 8 peptides were conjugated to KLH. For P1, P5 and P7, a cysteine residue was added to the C-terminal of the peptide as it is necessary for the conjugation process with KLH. The rest of the peptides harboured cysteine in their native sequence and thus no additional cysteine residue is required. CpG+Alum was used as the adjuvant in Group 9. The vaccine comprised of CpG+Alum adjvant only (Group 9) was the corresponding control of Groups 7 and 8. There were 10 mice in each group. All mice in each group received 1 prime immunization of 3 booster immunization before the inoculation of CT26 tumor cells, and then all mice received three more booster immunizations afterwards. The mouse immunization and tumor inoculation plan was illustrated in FIG. 6. After tumor cell inoculation, the size of the tumors was regularly measured.
[0102] Now referring to FIGS. 7A-7C. Reduction of size and weight of the tumors in mouse immunized with KRAS naked peptide (Group 7) and KLH-conjugated peptide mixes (Group 8) were observed, i.e., tumor growth inhibition was observed in mouse immunized with KRAS naked peptide and KLH-conjugated peptide mixes. The prophylactic anti-tumor assay demonstrated that mice immunized with either naked KRAS peptide vaccine or KLH-conjugated KRAS peptide vaccine could induce a significant tumor inhibition. At post-inoculation day 18, the mean of the tumor size of adjuvant group was 1877.18 mm3. For KRAS naked peptide and KLH-conjugated groups, the mean of the tumor size were 916.09 mm3 (TGI = 51.2%, ****p < 0.0001) and 1037.67 mm3 (TGI = 44.7%, ***p<0.001) respectively (FIGs. 7A) . The tumors were removed from the mice and the weight of the tumor were measured. The mean of the tumor weight of adjuvant group was 1.74g. For KRAS naked peptide and KLH-conjugated groups, the mean of the tumor weight were 0.87g (TGI = 50%, ****p < 0.0001) and 0.93g (TGI = 46.6%, ***p<0.001) respectively (FIG. 7B-C) . These results demonstrated that KRAS peptide based example compositions exhibited anti-tumor therapeutic effects.
[0103] 3.2.2 Antigen specific T cell immune responses contributed to the anti-tumor effect
[0104] Now referring to FIGS. 8A-8B, four mice from each group were selected for the subsequent mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay. The spleens of the mice were removed and splenocytes were isolated. The splenocytes were treated with either all 8 KRAS peptides or 7 KRAS peptides (without G12D neoantigen containing P1) . Immunization of the KRAS peptide mix was induced significant T cell response in mice. Mouse IFNγ ELISPOT assay suggested that both naked peptide and KLH-conjugated peptide were able to generate antigen-specific T cell response. When the splenocytes were restimulated with all 8 KRAS peptides, an average of 21.5 spots was observed in KRAS naked peptide immunized mouse group (**p < 0.01, n = 4) , and 10.25 spots in KRAS KLH-conjugated peptide immunized group, compared to 3 spots in adjuvant control group. When the splenocytes were restimulated with 7 KRAS peptides (without CKLS107-02P1 G12D neoantigen) , an average of 16 spots was observed in KRAS naked peptide immunized mouse group, compared to 8.25 spots in adjuvant control group (FIGS 8A-B) . Results suggested that immune response can also be observed when the splenocytes were stimulated with peptides that comprised of WT region of KRAS only.
[0105] Example 4 Conclusions rom Examples 2-3
[0106] Results from Examples 2-3 showed that example peptide based compositions containing one or more of the above mentioned peptides (P1-P8) targeting both the neoantigen and the non-neoantigen harbouring regions (WT regions) of KRAS was capable of generating antigen specific T cell responses and eliciting anti-tumor effect in mouse models.
[0107] In Example 2 (in vivo mouse immunization assay) , the immune response could be observed in the 8 peptide mix vaccine that carried the G12D mutation, as well as the 5 peptide mix vaccine that did not carry the G12D mutation. Results suggested that the peptide mixes targeting either the mutant KRAS and WT KRAS were able to elicit T cell response. In addition, the immunogenicity of peptides could be enhanced by the conjugation of carrier protein KLH and the use of CpG + Alum based adjuvant, as results showed that KLH-conjugated peptide elicited stronger immune responses than the naked peptides, while the use of CpG + Alum adjuvant elicited stronger immune response than the use of CFA / IFA adjuvant. Furthermore, peptide mapping during the 3rd immune response study showed that P1, P4 and P8 could induce obvious immune response, which indicated that there is a contribute to the overall T cell response of both the 8 peptide mix and the 5 peptide mix.
[0108] Example 3 (prophylactic anti-tumor study) demonstrated that both the KRAS naked peptide vaccine and the KRAS KLH-conjugated peptide vaccine could induce significant tumor growth inhibitory effect. KRAS naked peptide vaccine generated about 51.2%tumor growth inhibition and about 50%tumor weight inhibition, while KRAS KLH-conjugated peptides generated about 44.7%tumor growth inhibition and about 46.6%tumor weight reduction. It suggested that the KRAS peptide mixes were capable of inducing efficacious anti-tumor response. Subsequent mouse IFNr ELISPOT assay showed that KRAS peptide specific T cell responses were generated in the mice immunized with KRAS peptide vaccine. Results suggested that the tumor inhibitory effect was attributed to the activation of antigen specific effect of the vaccines.
[0109] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are thus fully described. Although the description referred to particular embodiments, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with variation of these specific details. Hence this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Claims
1.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least one or more of the following peptides:a) a first peptide, comprising a first amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 1-25 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof;b) a second peptide, comprising a second amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 22-51 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof;c) a third peptide, comprising a third amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 36-64 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof ;d) a fourth peptide, comprising a fourth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 60-86 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof;e) a fifth peptide, comprising a fifth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 84-110 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof;f) a sixth peptide, comprising a sixth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 106-133 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof;g) a seventh peptide, comprising a seventh amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 137-165 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; and / orh) an eighth peptide, comprising an eighth amino acid sequence comprising 20-40 contiguous amino-acid residues selected from a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 161-189 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereof; andoptionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.2.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, whereinthe first sequence comprises 25 contiguous amino-acid residues,the second sequence comprises 30 contiguous amino-acid residues,the third sequence comprises 29 contiguous amino-acid residues,the fourth sequence comprises 27 contiguous amino-acid residues,the fifth sequence comprises 27 contiguous amino-acid residues,the sixth sequence comprises 28 contiguous amino-acid residues,the seventh sequence comprises 29 contiguous amino-acid residues, and the eighth sequence comprises 29 contiguous amino-acid residues.3.The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first peptide has at least one substitution at amino acid position G12 and / or G13.4.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the at least one substitution is selected from a group consisting of G12D, G12V, G12C, G13D, G12R, G12A, G12S, and G13C.5.The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the KRAS protein has at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of amino acid sequence NP_001356715.1, or a functional homologue thereof.6.The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein:the first peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID NO. : 1,the second peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 2,the third peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 3,the fourth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 4,the fifth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 5,the sixth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 6,the seventh peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 7, andthe eighth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 8.7.The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more of excipients, adjuvants, checkpoint inhibitors, other vaccine, or therapeutics and combination thereof.8.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein:the checkpoint inhibitors target one or more checkpoint proteins selected from the group consisting of PDL1, PD1, CTLA4, and combination thereof; and / orthe pharmaceutical acceptable carrier is keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) , liposomes, cyclodextrins, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , nanoparticles, microspheres, hydrogels and combination thereof; and / orthe adjuvants are selected from a group consisting of CpG ODN 1826 (CpG) , aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) , aluminum phosphate, Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant, Complete Freund’s Adjuvant, NH2, MF59, pan DR epitope (PADRE) and combination thereof.9.The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more of the peptides are expressed as a fusion protein.10.A recombinant nucleic acid system, comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding one or more of the following peptides:a) a first peptide, comprising a first amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 1-25 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the first sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length;b) a second peptide, comprising a second amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 22-51 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the second sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length;c) a third peptide, comprising a third amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 36-64 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the third sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length;d) a fourth peptide, comprising a fourth amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 60-86 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the fourth amino sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length;e) a fifth peptide, comprising a fifth amino acid sequence a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 84-110 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the fifth sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length;f) a sixth peptide, comprising a sixth amino acid sequence a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 106-133 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the sixth sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length;g) a seventh peptide, comprising a seventh amino acid sequence comprising a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 137-165 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the seventh sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length; and / orh) an eighth peptide, comprising an eighth amino acid sequence a sequence spanning amino-acid residues 161-189 of KRAS protein, or a variant sequence having at least 75%sequence identity thereto, wherein the eighth sequence is 20-40 amino acids in length.11.The recombinant nucleic acid system of claim 10, wherein:the first peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID NO. : 1,the second peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 2,the third peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 3,the fourth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 4,the fifth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 5,the sixth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 6,the seventh peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 7, andthe eighth peptide comprises at least about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95%sequence identity to all or a fragment of SEQ ID No. : 8.12.The recombinant nucleic acid system of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the one or more of the peptides are expressed as a fusion protein.13.A method of preventing or treating disease or condition associated with expression of KRAS protein in a subject in need thereof, comprising a step of administering to the subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1-9.
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