System for locking and unlocking an elongate element with a casing partially overlapping itself

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system (10) for locking and unlocking a substantially circular elongate element (14) on a support, the system comprising: - a substantially tubular casing (11) formed by a sheath or by a structure for accommodating the elongate element; - and an attachment element (13) attached to one end of the casing (11); wherein the casing (11) further comprises a first portion (21) and a second portion (22) separated by an intermediate portion (30) that is capable of being connected to the support, and wherein the first portion (21) overlaps the outer surface of the second portion (22).

Description

[0001] SYSTEM FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING A LONG ELEMENT WITH A PARTIALLY COVERED ENVELOPE ON ITSELF

[0002] Technical field

[0003] The invention relates to the technical field of systems for locking and unlocking a substantially circular elongated element, such as a cable or a rope. The main field of application is the mooring of floating systems. More specifically, the main field of application concerned concerns offshore energy production systems, including the anchoring of wind turbine floats, oil and gas floats, floating photovoltaics, wave energy systems, floating substations, and the generation of energy vectors such as hydrogen or ammonia. The system can also be used in all fields requiring ropes made of natural or synthetic fibers to be held in position (aquaculture, sailing transport, fishing, lifting systems, boating, etc.)

[0004] The elongated element to be blocked can be a metal cable, or a rope made of natural or synthetic fibers.

[0005] Locking and unlocking systems are generally used in the nautical field, or in the field of anchoring or mooring boats or floating platforms, such as oil platforms or floating supports for wind turbines.

[0006] The invention is more particularly intended for anchoring offshore oil platforms or for anchoring floating wind turbines.

[0007] The main function of the mooring lines of a floating support, such as a wind or oil platform, is to keep the support in position when it is subjected to the forces of wind, current and swell. To achieve this function, there are several families of mooring (for example, "single point mooring": single point mooring and "spread mooring": multi-point mooring) and types of mooring that range from more or less taut mooring (for example, "taut": taut and "semi-taut mooring": semi-taut mooring) to catenary mooring.

[0008] Anchor lines are made of chains, or metal cables, especially steel, or synthetic cables, or a combination of chains and cables. The choice of anchor type and material depends on the site (environmental conditions and water depth) and the function of the floating support (oil production, oil drilling, wind turbine, etc.).

[0009] Anchor lines are subject to significant stresses, particularly those caused by wind, current, and swell. These stresses can create risks of fatigue failure of the anchor lines. In addition, these natural phenomena cause the floating support to move. Therefore, anchor lines must have good resistance to the induced stresses and must allow limited movement of the floating support.

[0010] Thus, the tensions in the anchor lines of such wind or oil platforms are very high (for example, of the order of 5,000 kN for a floating wind turbine with taut lines and of the order of 1,500 kN for a floating wind turbine with catenary lines) and are not comparable to the tension values ​​of cables or ropes encountered in nautical sports (for hoisting and adjusting the sails of a sailing boat for example), of the order of 35 to 40 kN in nautical sports, or in climbing, which are much lower.

[0011] Furthermore, unlike nautical or climbing cables and ropes, which can be easily replaced, anchor lines can only be installed or replaced using heavy and expensive means. For example, to install or replace three anchor lines for a floating platform for a wind turbine and / or the associated locking and unlocking systems, at least three large boats (one per line) are required, the daily rental of which is expensive. In addition, the installation and replacement of these anchor lines and / or the locking and unlocking systems can only be carried out in favorable weather conditions (low swell, low wind in particular). Thus, to install or replace anchor lines, it is necessary to allow for a significant intervention time, significant and expensive means and favorable weather conditions.Furthermore, it may be necessary to anticipate these installations and replacements to avoid interventions during periods of adverse weather conditions over a long period, particularly in winter. Thus, it is easy to understand that, for this type of platform, the lifespan of the cables and locking and unlocking systems is essential and any wear must therefore be avoided. In addition, installation must be quick and simplified as much as possible.

[0012] Prior art

[0013] To secure a cable or chain to a support (a boat, a pontoon, or a platform for example), different techniques have been developed.

[0014] The simplest and most well-known technique for locking fiber cables (ropes) is splicing, which consists of making a terminal loop at the end of the cable by passing it back through itself (a "bury" type splice) or re-braiding it with itself (a "tuck" type splice). Various attachment systems can then be attached to this splice.

[0015] The splice does not allow for length adjustment at the time of installation, and a fortiori for this adjustment to be modified over time. Jaw locking systems are also known, such as that of patent application FR 3,001,517. This system consists of crushing the cable in the metal jaws over a short length of the cable, and holding it by friction. This leads to rapid wear of the cable and weakening due to its crushing. In fact, crushing damages the fibers and reduces their strength.

[0016] Furthermore, locking systems are also known which consist of locking the cable by placing it in a sheath which compresses the cable when this sheath is put under tension. One of the ends of the sheath is secured to the support. The transfer of tension between the cable and the sheath is progressive and the end secured to the support (which can, for example, be called the upstream end) ultimately takes up all the tension. Patent application WO 2012 / 172,272 (US 2014 / 223,967) relates to such a system.

[0017] This system provides effective locking. However, the end of the sheath attached to the support is held in a conical tip that crushes it under tension. This tip greatly weakens the sheath and limits its load-bearing capacity.

[0018] In addition, abnormal wear of the cable and / or sheath is observed at the other end which is not anchored to the support (which can, for example, be called the downstream end) because the cable can move slightly in the sheath when tensioning. In fact, this end is only held in tension by an end piece secured to an elastic tensioning cable. It is not secured to the cable at this end piece, which does not prevent wear by friction during tensioning and does not secure the hold. According to another variant, the free end of the sheath is placed in an end piece secured to a spring which allows it to be held in tension. Here too, the sheath is not secured to the cable at the end piece.

[0019] Summary of the invention

[0020] The technical problem of the invention is to design a locking and unlocking system for an elongate element that allows adjustment both at the time of installation and after placement, including when the elongate element to be locked is under tension. In addition, the locking and unlocking system may preferably be capable of locking the elongate element subjected to very high tensions, as is the case on the anchor lines of floating wind turbines or oil platforms, by limiting the wear and fatigue of the cable and the locking and unlocking system to increase their service life and avoid any need to replace the elongate element and / or the locking and unlocking system over the entire service life of the platform. In addition, one of the objectives of the system may also seek to simplify the locking and unlocking system.To do this, the locking system seeks to block the elongated element by constriction in an envelope ironed on itself. Indeed, ironing the envelope on itself makes it possible to avoid having to hold it at its end anchored on the support (upstream end for example) by a tip which weakens it.

[0021] The invention relates to a system for locking and unlocking a substantially circular elongated element on a support, said system comprising:

[0022] - a substantially tubular envelope formed by a sheath or by a structure to receive the elongated element,

[0023] - a fixing element fixed to one end of the envelope.

[0024] The envelope comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion covering the outer surface of the second portion, the envelope comprising an intermediate portion capable of being connected to said support, the intermediate portion serving as a connection between the first portion and the second portion.

[0025] Preferably, the first portion covers the outer surface of the second portion over a predetermined length.

[0026] Advantageously, the first portion comprises the end of the casing attached to the fixing element and the second portion comprises the other end of the casing, this other end of the casing also being attached to the fixing element.

[0027] According to a variant of the invention, the envelope comprises an orifice, preferably on the periphery of the envelope, the second portion being inserted into the first portion through this orifice so that the first portion covers the external surface of the second portion.

[0028] Advantageously, the intermediate portion forms a loop capable of connecting the system to said support.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a turning piece configured to be fixed to the support, the envelope being folded back on itself by means of said turning piece.

[0030] Preferably, the turning piece is substantially annular.

[0031] According to one aspect of the invention, the envelope comprises a braided sheath, the braided sheath comprising strands, the turn-up piece comprising openings for the passage of the different strands in the turn-up piece.

[0032] Preferably, the turning piece comprises two openings for each strand, the two openings of each strand being positioned radially or circumferentially relative to each other. According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the intermediate portion comprises a reinforcing means, preferably metallic or textile, at the connection of the intermediate portion with the support.

[0033] Advantageously, the system comprises a spacing means for increasing the distance between the fixing element and the support, so as to exert a tension force on said envelope, and thus a constriction of the envelope on said elongate element, the spacing means preferably comprising a jack, a spring, a ballasting / deballasting means and / or a means for tensioning and / or releasing the elongate element.

[0034] Preferably, the fixing element comprises at least two bodies movable relative to each other and a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies relative to the other, the first movement causing the casing to be tightened on the elongate element.Preferably, the fixing element comprises an external part enclosing a male body and a female body coaxial with the same axis and a displacement device for moving along the axis of said male body and said female body, one of the male or female bodies towards the other of the male or female bodies, said male body comprising an inclined external surface and an internal surface allowing the passage of the elongate element, said female body comprising a conical internal surface whose angle is substantially equal to the angle of the inclined external surface of said male body relative to said axis, said male body advantageously comprising at least three independent parts so that the axial displacement exerted by said displacement device causes a radial displacement of said at least three independent parts so as to tighten said casing on said elongate element.

[0035] Advantageously, said internal surface of the male body comprises at least one convex curved portion.

[0036] Advantageously, the displacement device comprises a screw thread system, preferably a screw or a nut, capable of engaging in a thread or tapping of the external part.

[0037] According to one aspect of the invention, said displacement device is designed to allow the displacement of the female body towards the male body in such a way that the male body only moves radially.

[0038] According to a variant of the invention, the fixing element comprises two annular parts connected to each other by slats curved towards said casing, the fixing element comprising a displacement means for increasing or reducing the distance between the annular parts. The invention also relates to an anchoring assembly comprising a locking and unlocking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above and an elongated element inserted into the casing of said locking and unlocking system.

[0039] The invention also relates to the use of the locking and unlocking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above or of the anchoring assembly described above for the anchoring lines of floating platforms, preferably offshore oil platforms or floating wind turbine platforms.

[0040] List of figures

[0041] Other characteristics and advantages of the system according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of non-limiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the figures appended and described below.

[0042] Figure 1 represents a TLP (Tension Leg Platform) type float equipped with anchor lines and locking and unlocking systems according to the invention.

[0043] Figure 2 represents a locking and unlocking system according to the invention, in place on a cable.

[0044] Figure 3 shows the operation of an example of a fixing element of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0045] Figure 4 represents an example of a male body of a fixing element of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0046] Figure 5 represents a male body in several parts according to a first variant of a fixing element of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0047] Figure 6 represents the operating principle of a first variant of a fixing element of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0048] Figure 7 illustrates a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element according to the invention.

[0049] Figure 8 illustrates a first embodiment of a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element according to the invention. Figure 9 illustrates a second embodiment of a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element according to the invention.

[0050] Figure 10 illustrates a first variant of the second embodiment of a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element according to the invention.

[0051] Figure 11 illustrates a second variant of the second embodiment of a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element according to the invention.

[0052] Description of the embodiments

[0053] The invention relates to a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element on a support.

[0054] An element with a length greater than its other dimensions is called an "elongated element".

[0055] The elongated element can be a metal cable or a rope (or cable) made of natural or synthetic fibers.

[0056] The system of the invention is particularly suitable for cables / ropes made of fibers because this type of elongated element includes a relatively large space (play) between the fibers and / or strands. This type of elongated element can therefore be more receptive to constriction because it is more easily deformable. Furthermore, the friction effects of this type of cable are greater than those of metal cables, which improves blocking.

[0057] The elongated element can also be a tube (hollow) or a bar (solid), preferably of substantially annular or circular section.

[0058] The invention may also be an anchoring assembly which comprises the locking and unlocking system (according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described in the present description) and the elongated element.

[0059] The elongated element may be of “substantially circular” section.

[0060] By "substantially circular" we mean that it has a generally circular cross-section but due to the potential presence of strands, it may have an external periphery that is not perfectly circular.

[0061] The support can be a floating platform (oil, gas, wind, a boat for example), a person for climbing, a fixed structure for a lifting element, etc.

[0062] The system for locking and unlocking a substantially circular elongated element on a support comprises:

[0063] - a substantially tubular envelope formed by a sheath or by a structure to receive the elongated element. - an element for fixing the envelope to the elongated element fixed at one of its ends (at the end or near the end of the envelope). The fixing element is used to fix the envelope to the elongated element.

[0064] Advantageously, the system of the invention comprises a single fixing element. With a single fixing element, the system is simpler and the second fixing element, integral with the support, which can constitute an element of fragility of the system of the prior art, can be eliminated. The fixing element may, for example, comprise a first opening for the passage of the elongated element. Preferably, the fixing element surrounds the envelope while being integral with the outer (or inner) surface of the envelope at or near one end of the envelope.

[0065] The envelope may for example comprise an interior volume and first and second ends, the envelope then being able to comprise a first passage orifice at the first end and a second passage orifice at the second end, the first and second passage orifices allowing the passage of the elongate element into the envelope.

[0066] According to the invention, the envelope comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion covering the outer surface of the second portion (the first portion thus surrounds the outer surface of the second portion) and the envelope comprises an intermediate portion capable of being connected to the support, the intermediate portion connecting (serving as a mechanical connection) between the first portion and the second portion. In other words, the first portion and the second portion are separated by the intermediate portion capable of being connected to the support. Thus, a part of the envelope is folded back on itself so that this part of the envelope comprises two layers (the first and second portions) superimposed directly on each other.

[0067] By "outer surface" is meant the surface facing the outside. Conversely, the inner surface faces the inside, towards the axis of the envelope. For example, the inner surface of the second portion is in contact with the elongated element which is positioned in the envelope. Generally, the terms "inner" and "outer" are understood to mean relatively inward and outward respectively, "inner" being towards the axis of the envelope and "outer" towards the direction opposite to the axis of the envelope. By "the first portion covering the outer surface of the second portion" is meant that the first portion is arranged around the surface of the second portion, that is to say that it surrounds it, being in contact with the outer surface of the second portion.Indeed, thanks to this contact between the two layers superimposed on each other of the envelope, the friction force is increased and thus it is easier to maintain the elongated element in position. The intermediate part can in particular form a loop so as to allow the first portion to cover the second portion.

[0068] Therefore, the envelope is said to be "ironed" on itself, which means folded on itself with at least one part comprising two layers superimposed directly on each other. Thanks to this part of the envelope with two layers covered on each other, it is possible to do without a second fixing element at the other end of the envelope, so as to simplify the system and increase the service life of the system. On the other hand, when a system of the prior art comprises a separate fixing element at each end of the envelope, one of these fixing elements, which is fixed to the support and which takes up all the tension (the one which is fixed to the support) constitutes an element of fragility of the system. On the contrary, in the system of the invention, the tension is not taken up by the fixing element but by the connection of the envelope to the support in the intermediate part of the envelope.Thus, the fixing element which constituted an element of fragility of the system of the prior art is eliminated. As a result, the system of the invention is more robust and more reliable.

[0069] The envelope material can advantageously include a high coefficient of friction and good mechanical properties to ensure the locking and resistance of the system.

[0070] The system of the invention is particularly suitable for sheaths made of fibers and / or strands because this type of sheath includes a large space between the fibers and / or strands and can therefore be better subjected to constriction. Advantageously, the material of these fibers may be a material having both good tensile strength and a high coefficient of friction. In particular, the material of the fibers of the sheath may comprise aramid fibers or be made of aramid fibers. Preferably, the sheath may be a woven sheath so as to promote constriction.

[0071] Preferably, the first portion may (directly) cover the external surface of the second portion over a predetermined length. Thus, the predetermined length may be defined as a function of the level of tension of the elongate element that the locking and unlocking system must maintain. Indeed, during operation, the elongate element is more or less tensioned depending on the application. The locking and unlocking system must ensure that the elongate element does not slip in the locking and unlocking system. The predetermined length, thanks to the associated friction forces, thus ensures that there is no slippage between the elongate element and the casing.

[0072] According to one configuration of the invention, the first portion may comprise the end of the casing fixed to the fastening element. In other words, the fastening element is fixed to the end of the first portion (which is the end of the casing). In addition, the second portion may then comprise the other end of the casing, this other end of the casing also being fixed to the fastening element. Thus, in this configuration, the (single) fastening element allows the fastening of the two ends of the casing (corresponds to the end of the first portion and the end of the second portion). Thus, the double layer of the casing formed by the first and second portions is fixed in the fastening element. As a result, relative sliding between the first portion and the second portion, which would harm the locking and unlocking system, can be avoided.In this configuration, the envelope would consist from one end to the other of the first portion, the intermediate portion and the second portion.

[0073] According to a first embodiment of the invention, the envelope may comprise an orifice (on the periphery of the envelope for example), the second portion being inserted into the first portion through this orifice so that the first portion covers (directly) the external surface of the second portion. Thanks to the orifice (in particular on the periphery of the envelope), the second portion can be passed into the interior volume of the first portion, preferably over the predetermined length, so as to form an envelope with a double-layer part. In addition, the orifice also serves as a passage for the introduction and / or exit of the elongated element.

[0074] By "periphery of the casing" is meant an orifice passing through the casing in the tubular part. The orifice on the periphery of the casing is thus distinguished from the circular / cylindrical openings defined at the two ends of the casing, these circular / cylindrical openings being centered on the axis of the casing while the axis of the orifice of the casing forms a non-zero angle with the axis of the casing at the section of the casing where the orifice is positioned.

[0075] This orifice can be obtained in particular by separating the strands of a woven sheath forming the envelope or by separating a network forming the structure of the envelope.

[0076] This first embodiment does not require any specific arrangement of the sheath or any additional part.

[0077] Preferably, for this first embodiment, the intermediate portion can form a loop capable of connecting the system to the support. Thus, attachment to the support is easy since it is sufficient to pass the loop thus formed around an element of the support to ensure the connection of the locking and unlocking system to the support.

[0078] According to a second embodiment, the system may comprise a turning piece configured to be fixed to the support, the envelope being folded on itself by means of said turning piece. By folding the envelope around or into the turning piece, it is thus possible to obtain an envelope with a double-layered part, preferably over the predetermined length. This solution has the advantage of not requiring an orifice on the periphery of the envelope and therefore of adapting to different types of sheath or envelope structure.

[0079] The system may optionally include the support or a portion directly attached to the support, the turning part then being an integral part of the support or of this portion directly attached to the support.

[0080] Advantageously, the turning piece can be substantially annular. This shape makes it easier to fold the envelope, which has a substantially circular section, onto itself.

[0081] Preferably, when the envelope comprises a braided sheath, the braided sheath comprising strands, the turning piece may then comprise openings for the passage of the different strands into the turning piece. Thus, the different strands can be passed through the openings of the turning piece and the different strands of the envelope can be rewoven (re-braided) to form at least the first portion or the second portion of the envelope. Thanks to the openings and the different strands, the turning piece can be positioned more precisely in the locking and unlocking system. Reweaving a portion of the envelope after the strands have passed through the turning piece also makes it easier to fold the envelope back on itself.

[0082] Advantageously, the turning piece may comprise two openings for each strand, the two openings of each strand being positioned radially or circumferentially relative to each other. With two openings for each strand, one of the two openings is used for the passage of the strand arriving from the first or second portion (the two portions being on the same side of the turning piece) of the casing on one side of the turning piece to pass through it and reach the other side of the turning piece and the other opening is used for the passage of the strand from the side opposite the first and second portions of the casing to the side of these portions. Thus each strand passes through the turning piece twice.

[0083] Advantageously, the intermediate portion may comprise a reinforcing means, preferably metallic or textile, at the connection of the intermediate portion with the support. This reinforcing means makes it possible to increase the service life of the intermediate portion and therefore of the locking and unlocking system. In addition, this reinforcing means can be replaced if necessary when it is worn, without needing to completely replace the locking and unlocking system.

[0084] The reinforcing means may comprise an interface piece between the support and the intermediate portion and this interface piece may advantageously have a U-shaped section for receiving the intermediate portion of the envelope. Thus, the interface piece may advantageously serve to guide the envelope.

[0085] This reinforcement means can in particular be inserted inside the loop formed by the intermediate portion of the envelope.

[0086] According to one aspect of the invention, the system may comprise a spacing means for increasing the distance between the fixing element and the support, so as to exert a tension force on the envelope, and thus a constriction (a tightening) of the envelope on said elongate element, in particular on the first and second portions which form the double layer of the envelope. In other words, the envelope exerts a constriction force on the elongate element when the envelope is put under axial tension.

[0087] For example, the spreading means may comprise a spring, a screw-nut system and / or a cylinder, such as a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric cylinder. By these different systems, it is easy to move the fixing element away from or towards the support. When the locking system is underwater in a locked situation, the cylinder can be advantageous because the risk of seizure that the screw-nut system may present can be reduced and the effect of corrosion that the spring could undergo is also reduced. The spring has the advantage of ensuring one of the locking or unlocking functions automatically. The screw-nut system allows manual actions allowing both locking and unlocking.

[0088] The spring, screw-nut system or cylinder can be connected on the one hand to the support and on the other hand to the fixing element.

[0089] Alternatively or additionally, the spacing means may comprise a ballasting / deballasting means and / or a means for tensioning and / or releasing the elongate element.

[0090] Indeed, on a platform ballasted by the ballasting / deballasting means (a box which can be filled with water or sand for example to be ballasted and emptied of water or sand to be deballasting), the fixing element can be blocked on the elongate element, and at the time of deballasting by this same ballasting / deballasting means, the support can rise with the platform (because it is fixed on the platform) and thus moves away from the fixing element. Thus, it comes to tighten the elongate element by constriction.

[0091] The elongate element can also be tensioned by the tensioning and releasing means (a winch for example) and then the fixing element can be locked on the elongate element. The tension on the elongate element can then be released by the tensioning and releasing means, which has the effect of increasing the distance between the fixing element locked on the elongate element and the support. Thus, the tensioning and releasing means acts as a spacing means. Advantageously, the fixing element can comprise at least two bodies movable relative to each other and a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies relative to the other, the first movement causing the diameter of the casing to be reduced and thus the tightening (constriction) of the casing on the elongate element.Thus, thanks to at least one of the bodies of the fixing element which is movable relative to the other body, the casing can be tightened on the elongate element at at least one end of the casing (and, preferably, at the two ends which are then positioned at the ends of the first and second portions), in a uniform manner over the entire circumference. Thus, the elongate element can no longer move at this end, unlike the systems of the prior art, which prevents friction and consequently wear of the casing and that of the elongate element. The service life is therefore extended, which is particularly advantageous for floating offshore platforms such as floating wind turbines, to reduce the costs and interventions linked to changes of the elongate elements, such as the anchor cables and the associated locking and unlocking systems.Furthermore, the locking of the envelope on the elongated element by the fixing element with two bodies movable relative to each other makes it possible to limit the length of the envelope necessary to take up the force by constriction, by transferring part of the tension directly to the elongated element. The possibility offered by the system to operate a release facilitates in particular its replacement.

[0092] Furthermore, unlike systems for fixing anchor cables made of fibers using splices, the system offers the possibility of directly installing the anchor cable at the time of installation of the platform without having to resort to an external tensioning system (i.e. a specific tensioning system dedicated to tensioning the elongated element). Indeed, it is possible to pull on the cable at the time of this installation and then lock it at the desired length using the locking and unlocking system. It is also possible to position the floating platform in a temporary position (for example by means of a ballasting system) and then gradually move it to its final position and maintain it in this position by the cables held at the appropriate length by the locking and unlocking system.

[0093] Preferably, the fixing element may comprise an external part enclosing a male body and a female body coaxial with the same axis and a displacement device for moving, along the axis of the male body and the female body, one of the male or female bodies towards the other of the male or female bodies. The displacement device thus corresponds to a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies relative to the other. By moving one of the male or female bodies towards the other, the male body is driven radially towards the casing, generating a reduction in the diameter of the casing. Advantageously, the external part may be cylindrical or at least comprise an internal diameter in which the male body and / or the female body can slide, driven by the displacement device.

[0094] For this first embodiment, the male body may comprise an external surface inclined relative to the axis, for example this internal surface may be conical (at least partially conical) and the male body may also comprise an internal surface allowing the passage of the casing as well as that of the elongate element inside the casing. The female body may comprise a conical internal surface (at least partially conical) with a cone angle substantially equal to the angle of the inclined (or conical) external surface of the male body relative to the axis. In other words, the internal surface of the male body constitutes a second opening. The fixing element then surrounds the elongate element. The external surface of the female body may for example be cylindrical to facilitate fitting and / or sliding it into the external part.

[0095] Advantageously, the male body may comprise at least three independent parts so that the axial displacement exerted by the displacement device causes a radial displacement of the at least three independent parts so as to reduce the diameter of the casing and thus to tighten the casing on the elongate element near the second end.

[0096] The casing (preferably the first and second portions) may be fixedly attached to the male body (on the at least three independent parts of the male body for example), preferably on the internal surface or at one end of the male body (on the at least three independent parts of the male body for example) or the end of the casing (the ends of the first and second portions preferably) may be blocked longitudinally between the at least three independent parts of the male body.

[0097] The independent parts are configured so that the inner diameter of the male body can be modified (increased or reduced) depending on their respective positions. Thus, the independent parts allow a variation of the volume delimited by the internal surface of the male body, at least one of the male and female bodies being able to slide in the external part.

[0098] The independent parts may advantageously be distributed over the circumference of the elongate element so as to exert a locking force (which may also be called a tightening force, the tightening ensuring the locking) distributed over the circumference. These independent parts may advantageously be separated from each other by circumferential clearances which allow the reduction of the internal diameter of the male body during tightening / locking. Alternatively, the male body may comprise a single part, this single part being configured to allow a reduction of the internal diameter of the male body for tightening the male body on the elongate element. To do this, the male body may be made of a deformable material such as a plastic or an elastomer and / or may comprise grooves to facilitate the reduction of the diameter of the male body.Indeed, thanks to the grooves, the elastic deformation of the male body is possible without causing cracks or rupture of the male body. With a single part, the system is simpler to assemble. Thus, the single part allows a variation of the volume delimited by the internal surface of the male body, at least one of the male and female bodies being able to slide in the external part.

[0099] The casing may be fixedly attached to the male body (on the at least three independent parts of the male body or on the single part of the male body for example), preferably on the internal surface or at one end of the male body (of the at least three independent parts of the male body or of the single part of the male body for example). Alternatively, the end of the casing may be blocked longitudinally in the male body which serves as a longitudinal stop.

[0100] Preferably, the internal surface of the male body (of the at least three independent parts or of the single part for example) may comprise at least one convex curved portion. In other words, the internal surface of the male body has a curved portion in the direction of the elongate element. This convex curved portion makes it possible to generate a progressive tightening of the body when the tightening is put in place, to distribute the stresses over the envelope and to avoid the concentration of stresses.

[0101] Advantageously, the displacement device may comprise a screw thread system, preferably a screw or a nut, capable of engaging in a thread or tapping of the external part. Thus, the displacement device may allow both the first movement of one of the bodies towards the other to generate the reduction in diameter of the casing and thus the blocking, and the second movement, in the opposite direction to the first movement, of one of the bodies in the direction to the other to generate the unlocking by increasing the diameter of the casing. In addition, this system is simple to implement.

[0102] Preferably, the displacement device is designed to allow the female body to move towards the male body so that the male body (the at least three independent parts or the single part for example) only moves radially. Thus, for locking, the female body moves along the axis towards the male body, thus driving the male body radially by reducing the internal diameter of the male body. Thus, the locking of the male body on the elongate element is done without friction, whereas friction could appear if the male body had an at least partially axial movement at the time of locking. This configuration is therefore particularly advantageous for reducing both the wear of the casing and that of the elongate element.

[0103] According to another variant of the invention, the fixing element may comprise two annular parts (annular plates for example) connected to each other by curved strips in the direction of the casing, the fixing element comprising a displacement means for increasing or reducing the distance between the annular parts. The two annular parts may in particular surround the casing. The use of curved strips makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the casing and thus block the casing on the elongate element at the end fixed in the fixing element (or at the two ends of the casing fixed in the fixing element) or to allow the elongate element to slide in the casing.By means of the displacement means, the two annular parts can be moved apart from each other and thus the elongate element can slide in the casing; on the contrary, by bringing the two parts closer to each other, the elongate element is locked in the casing by the contact between the slats and the casing.

[0104] The means of movement can be, for example, a jack, a cam system, a screw-nut system, etc.

[0105] The slats can advantageously be distributed over the periphery of the elongate element so as to ensure a clamping force distributed over the elongate element at the end of the envelope (or the ends of the envelope corresponding to the ends of the first and second portions).

[0106] According to one implementation of the invention, the envelope may be a woven or braided or non-woven sheath, the sheath comprising metallic fibers and / or fibers made of very high molecular weight polyethylene (HMPE), polyester and / or aramid (which has the additional advantage of having a high coefficient of friction), liquid crystal polymer (such as Vectran® or a Polybenzoxazole PBO for example). This type of sheath allows effective clamping on the elongated element, high resistance to friction and / or significant mechanical strength. For example, the material of the sheath may be TECHNORA® (Teijin Aramid, Netherlands) or DYNEEMA® (DMC, Netherlands). A polyester sheath may also be considered. Polyester has good friction resistance and a coefficient of friction.

[0107] Alternatively or additionally, the casing may comprise a structure comprising at least one wound armor layer, preferably in helical form. This structure allows a reduction in diameter when a tensile force is applied to the armor layer, while ensuring very high mechanical strength, which is particularly interesting for anchor lines of floating platforms, such as offshore oil platforms or floating wind turbines.

[0108] The invention also relates to an anchoring assembly comprising a locking and unlocking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above and an elongated element inserted into the casing of the locking and unlocking system. Thus, the elongated element can be fixed in the locking and unlocking system and then it can be loosened so as to slide it in the locking and unlocking system, in particular to modify the length or tension setting of the elongated element.

[0109] The invention also relates to the use of the locking and unlocking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above or of the anchoring assembly described above for the anchoring lines of floating platforms, preferably offshore oil platforms or floating wind turbine platforms.

[0110] The invention also relates to a method for locking and unlocking an elongate element by a locking and unlocking system as described above, in which, for locking, at least the following steps are carried out: a) the elongate element is inserted into the locking and unlocking system to a locking position and preferably, tension is exerted on the elongate element, which is advantageous for floating platforms, in particular when the anchor lines of these floating platforms are taut or semi-taut, b) once the locking position of the elongate element has been determined,

[0111] * either the fixing element is moved away from the support (for example when no tension has been previously applied to the elongate element), for example using the spreading means or manually, so as to exert tension on the casing, causing a constriction of the casing and therefore a tightening of the casing on the elongate element, then preferably the fixing element can be locked on the elongate element by moving one of the at least two bodies in a first movement relative to the other when the fixing element comprises two movable bodies as described previously (for example, by relatively moving one of the annular parts relative to the other or by relatively moving one of the male or female bodies towards the other of these male or female bodies,preferably by moving the female body towards the male body so that the male body (whether the at least three independent parts of the male body or the single independent part of the male body) only moves radially), * or the fixing element is locked on the elongate element by moving according to a first movement of one of the at least two bodies relative to the other when the fixing element comprises two movable bodies as described previously, (for example by moving one of the annular parts towards the other or by relatively moving one of the male or female bodies towards the other of these male or female bodies, preferably by moving the female body towards the male body so that the male body (whether the at least three independent parts of the male body or the single part of the male body) only moves radially), then the fixing element is moved away from the support so as to exert tension on the casing,

[0112] * or the tension applied to the elongate element is released. Indeed, when the tension on the elongate element is released, the fixing element, located between the support and the anchor point of the elongate element, is moved away from the support. In other words, this has the effect of moving the fixing element away from the support and thus causes a constriction of the envelope on the elongate element. When the fixing element also comprises movable bodies as described above, the envelope can be locked on the elongate element and thus improve the tightening. For example, for an anchor line of a wind platform, a winch can be used to maintain the tension in the anchor line at the start for adjusting the length of the line.Then, we can lock this position using the locking system which tightens the anchor line in the system's envelope. Once we have locked the line in the locking system, we can release the tension at the winch, the tension then being taken up by the envelope at that moment.

[0113] And for the unlocking,

[0114] * the fixing element is brought closer to the support so as to release the tension on the casing and then preferably the fixing element can be released from the elongate element by moving, in a second movement, preferably the opposite of the first movement, one of the at least two bodies relative to the other when the fixing element comprises two movable bodies as described above (for example, by relatively moving one of the annular parts towards the other or by relatively moving one of the male or female bodies in the opposite direction to the other of these male or female bodies, preferably by moving the female body in the opposite direction to the male body so that the at least three independent parts or the single independent part of the male body only moves radially), or

[0115] * the fixing element of the elongate element can be unlocked by moving, in a second movement, preferably the opposite of the first movement, one of the at least two bodies relative to the other when the fixing element comprises two movable bodies as described above (for example, by relatively moving one of the annular parts relative to the other or by relatively moving one of the male or female bodies in the opposite direction of the other of these male or female bodies, preferably by moving the female body in the opposite direction to the male body so that the at least three independent parts or the single independent part of the male body only moves radially), then the fixing element is brought closer to the support so as to release the tension on the casing, or

[0116] * a tension is applied to the elongated element coming out of the locking and unlocking system (on the part which normally sees no tension). Indeed, when a tension is applied to this part of the elongated element, the fixing element, located between the support and the anchoring point of the elongated element is brought closer to the support. In other words, this has the effect of bringing the fixing element closer to the support and thus this causes a loosening of the casing on the elongated element. When the fixing element also comprises movable bodies as described above, it is possible, beforehand or after applying the tension, to unlock the fixing element to allow total loosening.

[0117] Advantageously, the support can be a floating platform and before carrying out step b) for blocking, the floating platform can be ballasted to increase its draft, and after step b), the floating platform can be deballasted. As a result, the installation operations are simplified and tension can be easily generated in the anchor lines.

[0118] Figure 1 illustrates in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a float F equipped with anchor lines L and blocking and unlocking systems 10 of the invention for blocking and unlocking anchor lines L.

[0119] Above float F, there is a wind turbine E (of which only the lower part of the mast is visible).

[0120] Of course, other types of floats could be used: barges, semi-submersibles or spars.

[0121] The float F is connected to the ground (to the seabed) by anchor lines L, here three anchor lines L, but of course a different number of anchor lines is possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0122] The anchor lines L are connected on the one hand to anchors A placed or fixed on the ground (seabed) and on the other hand to a blocking and unlocking system 10 according to the invention, itself fixed on the float F. Thus, there is a blocking and unlocking system 10 for each anchor line L. The blocking and unlocking systems 10 can be positioned above sea level, for example on the upper platform of the float, or below sea level (in this case, the blocking and unlocking system 10 is underwater). The float F of Figure 1 is a taut line float for which a blocking and unlocking system according to the invention is particularly advantageous.Indeed, a taut line float requires good precision in line length / line tension to ensure operation and stability and it may be necessary to modify the adjustment of the length of the anchor lines or their tension over time, which is made possible by the locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0123] However, other types of floats with catenary or semi-tensioned lines could of course be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0124] Figure 2 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a locking and unlocking system 10 according to the invention.

[0125] The locking and unlocking system is used to lock or unlock an elongated element 14 such as a cable and in particular a cable formed from fibers, the latter being able to be synthetic or natural.

[0126] The locking and unlocking system 10 comprises an envelope 11 (a textile sheath for example) and a fixing element 13 fixed to one end of the envelope 11.

[0127] The envelope 11 is folded back on itself so that a first portion of the envelope 11 covers the external surface of a second portion of the envelope 11. In other words, the envelope 11 comprises a part with a double layer and an intermediate part 30 which separates the first portion from the second portion. This intermediate portion 30 here forms a loop. The loop can thus be used to connect the locking and unlocking system 10 to the support 12.

[0128] An elongate element 14, such as a cable, is placed in the locking and unlocking system 10, in particular within the first and second portions of the casing 11. The distance between the fixing element 13 and the support 12 can be modified manually or by an additional system (a spacing means in particular). When it increases, a tension is then applied to the casing 11 which causes a constriction effect of the casing 11 on the elongate element 14 and thus allows the elongate element 14 to be locked in the system

[0129] The locking and unlocking system 10 may preferably be configured so that the elongate element 14 is locked in the casing 11 and in the fixing element 13 and that the fixing element 13 is located between the support 12 and the anchoring point of the elongate element (for example the anchor A of FIG. 1).

[0130] The fixing element 13 may in particular comprise at least two bodies movable relative to each other (not visible in the figure) so that a first movement of one of the bodies towards the other causes a reduction in the diameter of the casing 11 and thus a blocking of the elongate element in the casing 11. The elongate element 14 may be subjected to a tension T in the direction of its other anchoring point (the anchor A of figure 1 for example). This configuration is advantageous for taut or semi-taut anchor lines.

[0131] Figure 3 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, an example of a fixing element according to the invention.

[0132] The fixing element comprises a male body 15, a female body 16 and an external part 17. The fixing element surrounds the elongate element 14 and the casing 11, and the elongate element 14 is placed in the casing 11, itself fixed on the inner surface of the male body 15.

[0133] The male body 15 comprises an inclined outer surface, for example conical, capable of engaging in the conical inner surface of the female body 16.

[0134] The female body 16 comprises a cylindrical external surface corresponding substantially to the internal surface of the external part 17.

[0135] The male body 15 and the female body 16 can move relative to each other and one or both of the male and female bodies can move longitudinally relative to the outer part 17.

[0136] In diagram a), the fixing element is in the “rest” position (i.e. “unlocked”). The elongated element 14 can slide in the casing 11.

[0137] In diagram b), the male body 15 has been moved towards the female body 16. Due to the contact parts between the male body 15 and the female body 16, this movement results in a reduction in the internal diameter of the male body 15. For this reduction in diameter to be possible, the male body 15 may be in at least three independent parts, preferably separated by clearances, or it may be in a single independent deformable part to make the reduction in diameter possible, for example by a structure making this constriction possible, by using grooves in particular and / or by using a deformable material, such as an elastomer or a plastic.

[0138] According to a variant, the movement of the male body 15 towards the female body 16 can be generated by the effect of the tension on the elongate element 14 which thus causes the movement of the male body towards the female body. Thanks to this variant, it is then not necessary to exert an action of moving the male body towards the female body before tensioning the elongate element because the tension of the elongate element allows the movement directly.

[0139] The effect of the narrowing of the internal diameter of the male body is observed, which causes a constriction of the casing 11 and the elongate element 14. Thus, the casing 11 tightens the elongate element 14 at the end of the casing 11 fixed to the fixing element. In diagram c), the male body 15 and female body 16 assembly are moved in the external part 17 to move the fixing element (or at least part of it) away from the support (not shown). This has the effect of stretching the casing 11 upstream (i.e. in the direction of the first fixing element), generating a constriction of the casing and therefore a tightening of the casing 11 on the elongate element 14.

[0140] The elongated element 14 may or may not be subjected to a tension T.

[0141] Figure 4 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, an example of a male body of a fixing element.

[0142] This male body comprises an inclined external surface S1, for example conical, and a convex curved internal surface S2 so as to limit stress concentrations when tightening the envelope on the elongated element.

[0143] Figure 5 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a variant of a fixing element. The male body is in at least three independent parts 51. A casing 11 is fixed or at least blocked longitudinally on the internal surface or the end of the independent parts 51 of the male body. Each independent part 51 comprises at least one inclined part 52 relative to the axis, on the external surface in order to engage in an internal conical surface (at least partially conical) of a female body not shown.

[0144] An elongated element 14 is placed in the envelope 11.

[0145] The independent parts 51 comprise fittings 20 allowing the relative positioning of the different independent parts 51 between them and facilitating the movement of the male body. The fittings 20 also prevent the casing 11 from becoming blocked between two independent parts of the male body, which could create a pinch. As shown in the figure, the male body is in the “blocked” position. Indeed, in the “rest” (“unlocked”) position, a clearance would separate the different independent parts at least at the level of the fittings 20. When the male body is moved, the clearance between the different independent parts gradually decreases until it is zero in the “blocked” position.

[0146] Figure 6 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, the operating principle of a variant of a fixing element according to the invention.

[0147] The fixing element comprises a male body 15, a female body 16 and an external part 17 as well as a displacement device 25 consisting of a thread, such as a screw, capable of being placed in a tapping of the external part 17.

[0148] The casing 11 is fixed or locked longitudinally at the end on the inner surface of the male body 15. This inner surface is convexly curved, i.e. curved towards the casing. 1 1 The outer surface of the male body 15 is at least partially inclined relative to the axis AA, for example, conical (at least partially conical), and the inner surface of the female body 16 is conical (also at least partially conical) and the angle of the inclined outer surface of the male body 15 relative to the axis is substantially equal to the angle of the cone of the conical inner surface of the female body 16.

[0149] When the screw 25 is screwed into the external part 17 by a rotational movement Rot, the female body 16 is driven in displacement towards the male body 15. The longitudinal end of the male body 15 opposite the female body 16 is wedged by a shoulder of the external part 17 so that the male body cannot be driven in longitudinal displacement along the axis AA (axis of the casing and of the elongate element in the fixing element, and which corresponds to the axis of the male body 15 and to the axis of the female body 16).

[0150] As the male body 15 is trapped by the shoulder of the external part 17, the longitudinal displacement of the female body 16 causes the radial displacement of the male body 15 towards the casing 11, which causes a constriction of the casing 11.

[0151] The reverse movement (by a rotation in the opposite direction to the rotation Rot) of the screw 25 causes the pressures generated by the blocking to be released and thus allows the casing 11 to be loosened.

[0152] Figure 7 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element according to the invention.

[0153] The locking and unlocking system comprises a casing 11 and a fixing element 13 fixed to one end of the casing 11.

[0154] The envelope 11 comprises a first portion 21 which directly covers a second portion 22 of the envelope. The first and second portions 21 and 22 are separated by an intermediate portion 30 which forms a loop so that the envelope 11 is folded back on itself.

[0155] The loop formed by the intermediate portion 30 of the envelope serves as a means of connection to the support by being wound around a part 31 of the support.

[0156] Since the first portion 21 directly covers the second portion 22, the casing comprises a double-layered portion directly superimposed on each other. The elongate element 14 is inserted into the casing 11 at least over the overlapping length of the first and second portions 21 and 22. This overlapping length may advantageously be predetermined to withstand a predetermined tensile force in the elongate element 14, avoiding relative sliding of the elongate element 14 in the casing 11 (and / or avoiding relative sliding of the first and second portions). Preferably, the free ends of the first and second portions 21 and 22 (i.e. the ends that are not connected to the intermediate portion 30) correspond to the ends of the casing 11 and they are fixed to the fixing element 13. In other words, in the fixing element 13, the casing 11 also comprises a double layer.

[0157] Arrow T represents the voltage applied to the elongated element 14.

[0158] Optionally, the system may also comprise a spacing means 32, here represented by a spring, applied between the fixing element 13 and a device 33 fixed to the support. Of course, the system could not comprise a spacing means or comprise another type of spacing means (jack, screw-nut system, ballasting / deballasting means or tensioning and releasing means for example).

[0159] Figure 8 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a first embodiment of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0160] The system for locking and unlocking an elongated element on a support comprises a fixing element 13 and a casing 11.

[0161] The envelope 11 here comprises three portions: a first portion 21, an intermediate portion 30 and a second portion 22 connected together. Indeed, the intermediate portion 30 serves as a junction between the first portion 21 and the second portion 22. The first portion 21 of the envelope 11 directly covers the external surface of the second portion 22 of the envelope 11 over a predetermined overlap length Lg.

[0162] The ends of the first and second portions 21 and 22 of the casing 11 (which are not connected to the intermediate portion 30) are fixed in the fixing element 13. Thus, a part of the predetermined overlap length Lg is integrated in the fixing element 13.

[0163] In addition, the intermediate portion 30 forms a loop so that the envelope is folded back on itself. This loop serves as a connection means for connecting the locking and unlocking system to a part 31 of the support.

[0164] The casing 11 also comprises an orifice 34 located on the periphery of the casing 11. This orifice 34 is used for the passage of the second portion 22 into the first portion 21. The orifice 34 is also used to introduce or remove the elongate element 14 from the casing 11.

[0165] The tension T applied to the elongated element 14 shown on the right of the figure is fully absorbed by the part 31 of the support thanks to the locking and unlocking system. The arrow T on the left of the figure, in the opposite direction to the arrow T on the right of the figure, illustrates this absorption of force by the support.

[0166] Thanks to the loop formed by the intermediate portion 30 of the envelope, each of the two branches of the loop (in the upper part and in the lower part in the figure) thus each take up half of the tension T, which is represented by T / 2. The constriction of the envelope 11 being proportional to the tension exerted on it, each of the two layers corresponding to the first and second portions 21 and 22 exerts a constriction corresponding to half of the tension applied to the elongate element 14. Thanks to the invention, it is thus possible to obtain a blocking of the elongate element 14 equivalent to that which would be obtained with a system of the prior art (according to application FR 22 / 06.309) with a single layer for the envelope 11 but with two fixing elements instead of a single fixing element.

[0167] Figure 9 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second embodiment of a system for locking and unlocking an elongated element on a support according to the invention.

[0168] The system for locking and unlocking an elongated element 14 on a support comprises a fixing element 13 and a casing 11.

[0169] The envelope 11 here comprises three portions: a first portion 21, an intermediate portion and a second portion 22 connected to each other. Indeed, the intermediate portion serves as a junction between the first portion 21 and the second portion 22. The first portion 21 of the envelope directly covers the external surface of the second portion 22 of the envelope over a predetermined overlap length Lg.

[0170] The ends of the first and second portions 21 and 22 of the casing 11 (which are not connected to the intermediate portion 30) are fixed in the fixing element 13. Thus, a part of the predetermined overlap length Lg is integrated in the fixing element 13.

[0171] In addition, the intermediate portion passes through a turning piece 35 which allows the envelope 11 to be folded back on itself. This turning piece 35 is here advantageously of annular shape and it can advantageously be of reduced dimensions, which makes it possible to have a short intermediate portion and therefore to obtain a more compact locking and unlocking system.

[0172] The turning piece 35 may be fixed or connected to the support or this turning piece may be an integral part of the support. In this case, the locking and unlocking system may comprise the support or at least a part thereof.

[0173] The tension T applied to the elongated element 14 shown on the right of the figure is fully taken up by the turning part 35 then to the support thanks to the locking and unlocking system.

[0174] Thanks to the turning piece 35, each of the first and second portions 21 and 22 thus each takes up half of the tension T. The constriction of the envelope being proportional to the tension exerted on it, each of the two layers corresponding to the first and second portions 21 and 22 exerts a constriction corresponding to half of the tension applied to the elongate element 14. Thanks to the invention, it is thus possible to obtain a locking of the elongate element equivalent to that which would be obtained with a system of the prior art (according to application FR 22 / 06.309) with a single layer for the envelope but with two fixing elements instead of a single fixing element.

[0175] Figure 10 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a first variant of the second embodiment of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0176] This embodiment corresponds to that of Figure 9. Figure 10 illustrates details at the level of the turning part 35.

[0177] The diagram on the right shows a view at one end of the locking and unlocking system in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis.

[0178] The diagram on the left represents part of the locking and unlocking system near the turning part 35, in longitudinal section.

[0179] The middle diagram is a sectional view along section BB shown in the left diagram.

[0180] In these different diagrams, the locking and unlocking system comprises a fixing element (not shown) and an envelope 11 which comprises at least a first portion covering a second portion on its external surface.

[0181] The first portion and the second portion are separated by an intermediate portion 30 passing through the turning piece 35.

[0182] The elongate element 14 is inserted into the casing 11, in particular at the level of the first and second portions and it also passes into the turning piece 35 thanks to a central opening in the turning piece 35 intended for the passage of the elongate element 14.

[0183] The envelope 1 1 here consists of a braided or woven sheath with strands for weaving or braiding the sheath.

[0184] The turning piece 35 comprises openings 36 for the passage of the strands 37 of the braided or woven envelope.

[0185] Each strand 37 of the envelope 11 passes through an opening 36 in one direction to pass through the turning piece 35 and then passes through another opening 36 in the opposite direction to pass through the turning piece 35. All the strands 37 having passed through the turning piece 35 twice are then rewoven or re-braided to form the remainder of the envelope 11 and in particular the first portion which covers the second portion or the second portion which is covered by the first portion.

[0186] As shown, the two openings 36 crossed by the same strand 37 of the envelope are here positioned radially relative to each other. Thus, the portions of strands passing from one opening 36 to the other extend substantially radially as can be seen in the diagram on the right.

[0187] Figure 11 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second variant of the second embodiment of a locking and unlocking system according to the invention.

[0188] This second embodiment corresponds to that of figure 9. Figure 11 illustrates details at the level of the turning part 35.

[0189] The diagram on the right shows a view at one end of the locking and unlocking system in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis.

[0190] The diagram on the left represents part of the locking and unlocking system near the turning part 35, in longitudinal section.

[0191] The middle diagram is a sectional view along section BB shown in the left diagram.

[0192] In these different diagrams, the locking and unlocking system comprises a fixing element (not shown) and an envelope 11 which comprises at least a first portion covering a second portion on its external surface.

[0193] The first portion and the second portion are separated by an intermediate portion 30 passing through the turning piece 35.

[0194] The elongate element 14 is inserted into the casing 11, in particular at the level of the first and second portions and it also passes into the turning piece 35 thanks to a central opening in the turning piece 35 intended for the passage of the elongate element 14.

[0195] The envelope 1 1 here consists of a braided or woven sheath with strands for weaving or braiding the sheath.

[0196] The turning piece 35 comprises openings 36 for the passage of the strands 37 of the braided or woven envelope.

[0197] Each strand 37 of the envelope 11 passes through an opening 36 in one direction to pass through the turning piece 35 and then passes through another opening 36 in the opposite direction to pass through the turning piece 35. All the strands 37 having passed through the turning piece 35 twice are then rewoven or re-braided to form the remainder of the envelope 11 and in particular the first portion which covers the second portion or the second portion which is covered by the first portion.

[0198] As shown, the two openings 36 crossed by the same strand 37 of the envelope 11 are here positioned circumferentially relative to each other: thus, as shown in the diagram in the middle, the different openings 36 are distributed circumferentially on a circle so that all the strands are stretched in a similar manner, thus allowing a homogeneous constriction of the envelope 11 on the elongate element 14. Thus, the portions of strands passing from one opening 36 to the other extend substantially circumferentially as can be seen in the diagram on the right.

[0199] The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments and variants illustrated but on the contrary embraces the variants not illustrated, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0200] Examples

[0201] The system according to the invention corresponding to figure 8 was tested and compared to a system of the prior art where the envelope is not folded on itself.

[0202] The systems of the invention and of the prior art were tested to block an elongated element in the form of a cylindrical steel bar under a tensile force of 25,000 N. The length of the envelope of the system of the prior art is 1,000 mm and the length of the double layer (corresponding to the length of the first portion and that of the second portion) of the envelope of the system of the invention is also 1,000 mm. In the systems of the invention and of the prior art, a similar hold is observed with an absence of slippage between the cylindrical bar and the envelope. This demonstrates the good performance of the system of the invention, despite the absence of a second fixing element. Thus, the system of the invention, which is simpler, allows performances equivalent to those of the prior art.

[0203] In addition, another test was carried out by replacing the cylindrical steel bar with a polyester-sheathed HMPE rope (SK78 dyneema). The HMPE material is a 12-strand Technora braid with a diameter of 10 mm. Here again, for the same length of casing tightened on the elongate element, the same level of tensile strength (i.e., the maximum tension without slipping of the elongate element relative to the casing) is observed for the system of the prior art and that of the invention according to Figure 8. Here again, this demonstrates the good performance of the system of the invention, despite the absence of a second fixing element. Thus, the simpler system of the invention provides performance equivalent to that of the prior art.

Claims

Claims 1. Locking and unlocking system (10) for a substantially circular elongated element (14) on a support (12), said system comprising: - a substantially tubular envelope (11) formed by a sheath or by a structure to receive the elongated element (14), - a fixing element (13) fixed to one end of the casing (11); characterized in that the casing (11) comprises a first portion (21) and a second portion (22), the first portion (21) covering the external surface of the second portion (22), the casing comprising an intermediate portion (30) capable of being connected to said support (12), the intermediate portion (30) serving as a connection between the first portion (21) and the second portion (22).

2. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first portion (21) covers the external surface of the second portion (22) over a predetermined length (Lg).

3. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first portion (21) comprises the end of the envelope (11) fixed to the fixing element (13) and the second portion (22) comprises the other end of the envelope (11), this other end of the envelope (11) also being fixed to the fixing element (13).

4. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the casing (11) comprises an orifice (34), preferably on the periphery of the casing (11), the second portion (22) being inserted into the first portion (21) through this orifice (34) so ​​that the first portion (21) covers the external surface of the second portion (22).

5. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the intermediate portion (30) forms a loop capable of connecting the system to said support (12).

6. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the system comprises a turning piece (35) configured to be fixed to the support (12), the envelope (11) being folded back on itself by means of said turning piece (35).

7. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the turning part (35) is substantially annular.

8. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the envelope (11) comprises a braided sheath, the braided sheath comprising strands (37), the turning piece (35) comprising openings (36) for the passage of the different strands (37) in the turning piece (35).

9. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the turning part (35) comprises two openings (36) for each strand (37), the two openings (36) of each strand (37) being positioned radially or circumferentially relative to each other.

10. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate portion (30) comprises a reinforcing means, preferably metallic or textile, at the connection of the intermediate portion (30) with the support (12).

11. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system (10) comprises a spacing means (32) for increasing the distance between the fixing element (13) and the support (12), so as to exert a tension force on said casing (11), and thus a constriction of the casing (11) on said elongate element (14), the spacing means (32) preferably comprising a jack, a spring, a ballasting / deballasting means and / or a means for tensioning and / or releasing the elongate element.

12. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing element (13) comprises at least two bodies movable relative to each other and a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies relative to the other, the first movement causing the casing (11) to be tightened on the elongate element (14).

13. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 12, wherein the fixing element (13) comprises an external part (17) enclosing a male body (15) and a female body (16) coaxial with the same axis and a moving device for moving along the axis of said male body (15) and said female body (16), one of the male or female bodies (15, 16) towards the other of the male or female bodies (15, 16), said male body (15) comprising an inclined external surface (S1) and an internal surface (S2) allowing the passage of the elongate element, said female body (16) comprising a conical internal surface whose angle is substantially equal to the angle of the inclined external surface (S1) of said male body (15) relative to said axis, said male body (15) advantageously comprising at least three independent parts so that the axial displacement exerted by said displacement device causes a radial displacement of said at least three independent parts so as to tighten said envelope (11) on said elongate element 14. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 13, wherein said internal surface of the male body (15) comprises at least one convex curved portion (S2).

15. Locking and unlocking system according to one of claims 13 or 14, for which the displacement device comprises a screw thread system, preferably a screw or a nut, capable of engaging in a thread or tapping of the external part.

16. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein said displacement device is designed to allow the displacement of the female body (16) towards the male body (15) so that the male body (15) only moves radially.

17. Locking and unlocking system (10) according to claim 12, wherein the fixing element (13) comprises two annular pieces connected to each other by strips curved towards said casing (11), the fixing element (13) comprising a displacement means for increasing or reducing the distance between the annular pieces.

18. Anchoring assembly comprising a locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of the preceding claims and an elongated element (14) inserted into the casing (11) of said locking and unlocking system (10).

19. Use of the locking and unlocking system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 17 or of the anchoring assembly of claim 18 for anchor lines of floating platforms, preferably offshore oil platforms or floating wind turbine platforms.

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