Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a synchronization signal block transmitted by using time resources different by operators; and a control unit that performs initial access to an operator corresponding to the own terminal on the basis of the synchronization signal block. Said one aspect of the present disclosure makes it possible to appropriately execute initial access using a shared resource.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, it is being considered that multiple operators will share sites / resources, etc., in order to improve the efficiency of frequency band utilization (existing frequency bands and new high frequency bands).

[0006] However, there has been insufficient consideration of how to perform initial access operations when multiple operators share resources. Without such consideration, flexible communication operations cannot be performed for each operator, which may result in a suppression of communication quality improvement.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately perform initial access using a shared resource.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives a synchronization signal block transmitted using separate time resources for each operator, and a control unit that performs initial access to the operator corresponding to the terminal based on the synchronization signal block.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, initial access using a shared resource can be properly performed.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an initial access method. FIGS. 2A to 2D are diagrams showing an example of a sharing scenario. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of SSB transmission related to option 1-1. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Initial Access Procedure) The initial access method / procedure will be explained below using FIG. 1 as an example.

[0012] After receiving the SSB, the UE performs an initial access procedure. In the initial access procedure, a terminal (user terminal, or user equipment (UE)) in RRC_IDLE mode receives the SS / PBCH block (SSB), transmits message (Msg.) 1 (PRACH / random access preamble / preamble), receives Msg. 2 (PDCCH, PDSCH including random access response (RAR)), transmits Msg. 3 (PUSCH scheduled by RAR UL grant), and receives Msg. 4 (PDCCH, PDSCH including UE contention resolution identity). After that, when the base station (network) transmits an ACK for Msg. 4 from the UE, an RRC connection is established (RRC_CONNECTED mode).

[0013] SSB reception includes PSS detection, SSS detection, PBCH-DMRS detection, and PBCH reception. PSS detection includes detecting part of the physical cell ID (PCI), detecting (synchronizing) OFDM symbol timing, and (coarse) frequency synchronization. SSS detection includes detecting the physical cell ID. PBCH-DMRS detection includes detecting (part of) the SSB index within a half radio frame (5 ms). PBCH reception includes detecting the system frame number (SFN) and radio frame timing (SSB index), receiving configuration information for receiving remaining minimum system information (RMSI, SIB1), and recognizing whether the UE can camp on that cell (carrier).

[0014] SSB has a bandwidth of 20 RBs and a time of 4 symbols. The transmission period of SSB can be set to {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. In a half frame, multiple symbol positions of SSB are defined based on the frequency range (FR1, FR2).

[0015] The PBCH has a payload of 56 bits. N repetitions of the PBCH are transmitted within a period of 80 ms, where N depends on the SSB transmission period.

[0016] The system information consists of the MIB, RMSI (SIB1), and other system information (OSI) carried by the PBCH. SIB1 contains information for RACH setup and RACH procedures. The time / frequency resource relationship between the SSB and the PDCCH monitoring resource for SIB1 is configured by the PBCH.

[0017] The PDSCH carrying SIB1 (SIB1 PDSCH) is transmitted periodically. The PDSCH is scheduled by Type 0-PDCCH. One SSB corresponds to one SIB1 PDSCH. One SIB1 PDSCH may or may not be repeated twice. SIB1 sets the public land mobile network (PLMN) ID. The PLMN ID may also be called the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) identifier.

[0018] The PLMN ID is a globally unique identifier used to identify an MNO.

[0019] The UE identifies the MNO to perform the network access operation based on specific parameters in the system information (e.g., SIB1) (e.g., PLMN identity information list (e.g., PLMN-IdentityInfoList) in the cell access related information (e.g., CellAccessRelatedInfo)).

[0020] A base station using beam correspondence transmits multiple SSBs using multiple beams (analog beams) for each SSB transmission period. The multiple SSBs may be referred to as SSB bursts. The multiple SSBs have multiple SSB indices. A UE that detects an SSB transmits a PRACH in the RACH occasion associated with that SSB index and receives an RAR in the RAR window.

[0021] (Sharing among multiple MNOs) For 6G, the following requirements are being considered: - Ultra wideband communication - Mission critical communication - Ultra massive connection - Universal coverage - Intelligent connection - Ubiquitous sensing - New use cases.

[0022] In addition to the above goals, some new concepts can be targeted: - Extensible (e.g., more future-proof). - Customizable (e.g., easier to operate). - Sustainable (e.g., reduce costs, make more robust).

[0023] To reduce base station deployment costs, the following factors of sharing among mobile network operators (MNOs) can be considered, even for operation in licensed spectrum:

[0024] - Existing sharing from LTE (equipment sharing) Core network sharing (gateway core network, GWCN, multi-operator core network, MOCN) Different operators can share a cell and different PLMN IDs can be given to different operators.

[0025] - RAN sharing (multi-operator RAN, MORAN): Different operators share base station hardware and different cells can be provided for different operators.

[0026] - Site sharing: Different operators can share a site and different base stations can be provided for different operators.

[0027] - Spectrum sharing.

[0028] 2A-2D are diagrams illustrating an example sharing scenario.

[0029] Figure 2A shows an example of site sharing. As shown in Figure 2A, in site sharing, multiple operators share an antenna site. However, the service platform, HSS (Home Subscriber Server) / HLR (Home Location Register), Core Network (CN) Packet Switching (PS), base stations, and cells / frequencies are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0030] 2B shows an example of MORAN (Multi Operator RAN). As shown in FIG. 2B, in MORAN, multiple operators share antenna sites and parts of base stations (e.g., base station hardware). On the other hand, the service platform, HSS / HLR, CN PS, other parts of the base station (e.g., base station software), and cells / frequencies are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0031] Fig. 2C shows an example of a MOCN (Multi Operator Core Network). As shown in Fig. 2C, in a MOCN, multiple operators share base stations and cells / frequencies. On the other hand, the service platform, HSS / HLR, and CN PS are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0032] Fig. 2D shows an example of a GWCN (Gateway Core Network). As shown in Fig. 2D, in the GWCN, multiple operators share CN PS, base stations, and cells / frequencies. On the other hand, the service platform and HSS / HLR are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0033] For example, in an MOCN / GWCN, since cells are shared by multiple operators, it is desirable to be able to change the settings for each operator (e.g., for each Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID).

[0034] For example, in existing specifications (for example, up to Rel. 17), whether or not to allow initial access to a cell, a tracking area code, and a unique cell ID within a PLMN can be set for each PLMN ID.

[0035] On the other hand, for a UE in an RRC connected state, an operator-specific setting can be set as an RRC configuration according to the PLMN ID of the terminal. Specifically, in resource sharing, if it is desired that some time resources of a shared cell be available only to terminals corresponding to a specific operator, it can be configured so that terminals of other operators do not use the some time resources.

[0036] However, in the existing specifications, most of the configurations (e.g., broadcast information, etc.) for a specific UE (e.g., a UE at initial access / in idle mode) are not assigned per operator (e.g., PLMN ID), and therefore the configurations cannot be changed between multiple operators. For example, parameters (e.g., ServingCellConfigCommonSIB) used for configuring random access channel (RACH) resources in system information block 1 (SIB1) are not assigned per PLMN ID, and therefore the RACH resources of a UE cannot be configured / changed per operator.

[0037] In this way, if the settings for a particular UE cannot be changed between multiple operators, flexible communication operations cannot be performed for each operator, and therefore flexible and appropriate resources for initial access cannot be determined, which may hinder improvements in communication quality.

[0038] Therefore, the present inventors came up with the idea of ​​a method for applying and setting flexible operational policies and parameters between operators in order to efficiently place stations and utilize frequencies through resource sharing.

[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0040] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0041] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0042] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0043] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, etc., or a combination thereof.

[0044] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0045] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0046] In this disclosure, a b , a_b, and a with b added to the bottom right of a may be read interchangeably. c , a^c, and the notation of a with c added to the upper right of a may be read interchangeably. b c , a_b^c, a notation with b added to the bottom right of a and c added to the top right, may be read as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be read as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be read as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), square root (root), may be read as interchangeable. In the present disclosure, x ~ may be expressed by adding 〜 to the x, or may be referred to as x tilde. - may be represented by an x ​​with a - or may be called an x-bar.

[0047] In the present disclosure, MNO, operator, business entity, PLMN, operator policy, business entity setting, operator setting, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, MNO, NW, base station, central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), and TRP may be interchangeable.

[0048] In the present disclosure, specific ID, PLMN ID, ID related to PLMN, information / ID related to operator, PLMN, one or more pieces of information identified by PLMN, PLMN set, ID / information / parameter used to identify operator / MNO / business, information related to operator ID, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0049] In the present disclosure, system information (SI), part of system information, partial system information, MIB, SIB, SIB used for initial access, SIB1, SIB x (x is any number), downlink shared channel carrying system information, and PDSCH carrying system information may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0050] In the present disclosure, resources, time resources, time domain resources, subframes, slots, subslots, symbols, and spans (consisting of a specific number of symbols) may be read interchangeably.

[0051] In the present disclosure, resources, frequency resources, frequency domain resources, physical resource blocks (PRBs), RBs, RB groups (RBGs), component carriers (CCs), bandwidth portions (BWPs), and subcarriers may be read interchangeably.

[0052] (Wireless Communication Method) The initial / random access procedure in each embodiment of the present disclosure may include a specific number of steps.

[0053] The initial / random access procedure in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be, for example, a four-step random access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure using message 1 (PRACH), message 2 (RAR), message 3, and message 4), a two-step random access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure using message A and message B), or an N-step (N is an arbitrary number) random access procedure. Furthermore, the initial access procedure in each embodiment of the present disclosure may differ in part from the existing initial / random access procedure (defined up to Rel. 18).

[0054] The received DL channel / signal may include a reference signal (e.g., DMRS / CSI-RS / TRS / PTRS).

[0055] The DL channel / signal in the present disclosure may be replaced with any DL channel / signal (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH), and the UL channel / signal in the present disclosure may be replaced with any UL channel / signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH).

[0056] In the present disclosure, SSB, SS / PBCH block, synchronization signal, PSS, SSS, TSS, PBCH, system information, MIB, and SIB may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0057] The UE may use specific DL signals to receive / notify / determine information / ID regarding the operator.

[0058] Based on this information / ID, the UE may determine to which operator the transmitted signal and signals related to the transmitted signal correspond.

[0059] A UE may use a specific DL signal to make initial access to its operator.

[0060] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to time resources of synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) blocks (which may also be called synchronization signal blocks (SSBs)).

[0061] In this disclosure, the time resource of an SSB may refer to the time resource in which the SSB is transmitted.

[0062] The time resource of the SSB may be divided for each operator, in other words, the SSB corresponding to each operator may be transmitted in the time resource corresponding to each operator.

[0063] It should be noted that the term "time resource" in this embodiment may be appropriately interpreted as "frequency resource." In this case, the SSB may be transmitted using frequency resources that differ for each operator.

[0064] For SSBs transmitted by each operator, a common beam may be used for beams corresponding to the same SSB index, or different beams may be used.

[0065] <Option 1-0> The SSB time resource may be divided based on a discussion / decision between operators.

[0066] In other words, each operator may be allocated a divided SSB time resource.

[0067] According to Option 1-0, SSB transmission can be performed using time resources of each operator without affecting the specification provisions.

[0068] <<Option 1-1>> The UE may receive / decode synchronization signals (e.g., PSS / SSS).

[0069] Based on reception / decoding of the synchronization signal, the UE may determine / recognize to which operator the SSB containing the synchronization signal corresponds.

[0070] For example, the synchronization signal may include information about the operator (e.g., a specific ID (e.g., PLMN ID)) in addition to the physical cell ID (which may simply be referred to as a cell ID).

[0071] For example, the UE may be informed of the particular ID using a sequence of synchronization signals (e.g., PSS), of which a particular number (e.g., three) of sequences may be used.

[0072] In this case, the UE may be notified of the cell IDs using a synchronization signal (e.g., a synchronization signal other than the synchronization signal used for notifying a specific ID (e.g., SSS)). The cell IDs may indicate, for example, the IDs of a specific number of cells (e.g., 336).

[0073] Alternatively, the UE may be notified of the specific ID using a sequence of synchronization signals (e.g., SSS). A specific number of sequences (e.g., up to 336) may be used. This method allows the UE to be notified of information about more than three operators, for example, compared to using PSS.

[0074] Furthermore, the synchronization signal may be composed of a PSS, an SSS, and a tertiary synchronization signal (TSS). In this case, a specific ID may be included in the PSS / SSS / TSS. By configuring in this way, SSB is used to notify a specific ID (for example, a PLMN ID), and it is possible to prevent a decrease in the number of notification patterns of the cell ID.

[0075] 3 is a diagram showing an example of SSB transmission according to Option 1-1. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the UE corresponds to MNO#A. The UE receives the SSB transmitted using resources divided for each operator, and by decoding the PSS / SSS, determines which MNO transmitted the SSB.

[0076] The information about the operator included in the synchronization signal may be information / index for identifying the operator that is different from the PLMN ID, and may have fewer / smaller digits than the (global) PLMN ID.

[0077] The information / index may be assigned to each operator based on a discussion / decision between the operators. For example, indexes 0, 1 and 2 may correspond to operators A, B and C, respectively.

[0078] In the present disclosure, the specific ID / operator ID / PLMN ID and the information / index may be read interchangeably.

[0079] The UE may be informed whether the synchronization signal contains information about the operator.

[0080] The notification may be, for example, a specific DL signal (eg, synchronization signal / PBCH / MIB).

[0081] For example, the UE may determine whether the synchronization signal includes information about the operator based on a particular field / bit (e.g., one bit) included in the particular DL signal.

[0082] For example, if the particular field / bit indicates a first value (e.g., 0), the UE may determine that the synchronization signal does not contain information about the operator and may assume that the synchronization signal indicates one of a particular number of cell IDs (e.g., 1008).

[0083] For example, if the particular field / bit indicates a second value (e.g., 1), the UE may determine that the synchronization signal contains information about the operator and may assume that the synchronization signal indicates any of a first number (e.g., 336) of cell IDs and any of a second number (e.g., 3) of information about the operator.

[0084] According to option 1-1, the UE can use the SSB it receives to determine which operator the SSB corresponds to (which operator it was sent from).

[0085] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to information related to time resources of SSBs transmitted by each operator.

[0086] The UE may receive information about the time resources of the SSBs transmitted by each operator using a specific DL signal, and the specific DL signal may include information about the time resources of the SSBs transmitted by each operator.

[0087] The particular DL signal may be, for example, a broadcast channel (PBCH) / system information (eg, MIB / SIB).

[0088] This embodiment may be applied, for example, in the application of the above option 1-0.

[0089] The UE may determine / know which operator the SSB corresponds to based on receiving that particular DL signal.

[0090] If the operator determined based on the particular DL signal is different from the operator to which the UE is connected, the UE may search / receive SSB again.

[0091] Furthermore, if the operator determined based on the specific DL signal is different from the operator to which the UE is connected, the UE does not need to search / receive SSBs from the beginning, since in this case the UE and the base station are frequency / time synchronized.

[0092] Based on the information about the time resources, the UE may search for / receive SSBs on (only) the SSB transmission resources of the operator corresponding to the UE.

[0093] The UE may also be notified of information regarding frequency / time resources of DL signals (e.g., PDCCH) and system information (e.g., SIB) corresponding to the SSB of the UE's operator.

[0094] According to the second embodiment, even if the time resource of the SSB is divided for each operator, the UE can appropriately determine the operator that corresponds to the SSB.

[0095] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to association of information related to operators.

[0096] The UE may receive information about the operator (operator ID) using a specific DL signal.

[0097] The particular DL signal may be, for example, a broadcast channel (PBCH) / system information (eg, MIB).

[0098] <<Option 3-1>> A specific DL signal may include information relating to the association between an index related to a synchronization signal (for example, an SSB index) and a specific ID.

[0099] In addition, an association between an index related to the synchronization signal (e.g., an SSB index) and a specific ID may be defined in advance, and the UE may determine the operator corresponding to the received synchronization signal (SSB) based on the association and the index related to the synchronization signal (e.g., an SSB index).

[0100] <<Option 3-2>> A specific DL signal may include a bit / field used for notification regarding the operator.

[0101] The UE may determine the operator corresponding to a particular DL signal and the signal associated with that particular DL signal based on the value of that bit / field.

[0102] For example, when the bit / field indicates a first value (e.g., 00), the UE may determine that a particular DL signal and signals associated with the particular DL signal correspond to a first operator (e.g., operator A).

[0103] For example, when the bit / field indicates a second value (e.g., 01), the UE may determine that the particular DL signal and signals associated with the particular DL signal correspond to a second operator (e.g., operator B).

[0104] For example, when the bit / field indicates a third value (e.g., 10), the UE may determine that the particular DL signal and signals associated with the particular DL signal correspond to a third operator (e.g., operator C).

[0105] For example, when the bit / field indicates a fourth value (e.g., 11), the UE may determine that the particular DL signal and signals associated with the particular DL signal correspond to a fourth operator (e.g., operator D).

[0106] The number of bits in the bit / field may vary based on the number of operators.

[0107] The maximum number of bits in the bit / field may be predefined.

[0108] The association between the value of the bit / field and the operator may be defined / set in advance based on a discussion / decision between the operators.

[0109] <<Option 3-3>> A specific DL signal may include information indicating whether or not connection to a cell corresponding to each operator is possible.

[0110] The information may be, for example, information indicating whether camping on (camp on) a certain cell is possible (Barred / not Barred). The certain cell may be a cell that supports multiple operators.

[0111] For example, if the information indicates a first value (for example, 0), it may be determined that a UE of a certain operator corresponding to the cell cannot connect to the cell.

[0112] For example, if the information indicates a second value (for example, 1), it may be determined that a UE of an operator corresponding to the cell can connect to the cell.

[0113] For example, if the information indicates that the bit / information corresponding to a first operator (Operator A) indicates a first value, the bit / information corresponding to a second operator (Operator B) indicates a first value, the bit / information corresponding to a third operator (Operator C) indicates a second value, and the bit / information corresponding to a fourth operator (Operator D) indicates a first value, then a UE corresponding to the third operator may be able to connect to the cell.

[0114] The information may be represented, for example, in a bitmap format, with each bit in the information corresponding to a respective operator, or in other words, the number of bits in the information may vary based on the number of operators.

[0115] The maximum number of bits of the information may be predetermined.

[0116] The association between the information (bits) and the operator may be defined / set in advance based on a discussion / decision between the operators.

[0117] According to the third embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately notify / determine the association between the synchronization signal and the operator.

[0118] <Fourth Embodiment> The fourth embodiment relates to a control channel in initial access.

[0119] <<Option 4-1>> Resources of a control channel (for example, PDCCH0 / CORESET0) used for initial access may be divided for each operator.

[0120] In other words, initial access may be performed using resources related to a separate control channel for each operator.

[0121] For example, the frequency / time resources of the control channel (e.g., PDCCH type 0) used for initial access may be divided for each operator.

[0122] For example, a control channel configuration related to system information included in the MIB (e.g., a PDCCH configuration (pdcch-ConfigSIB1) for system information (e.g., SIB1), e.g., 16 bits) may be defined / configured for each operator.

[0123] The UE may receive control channel configurations (e.g., PDCCH configurations for system information (e.g., SIB1)) related to multiple system information for each operator. The UE may receive the system information based on a configuration corresponding to its own operator among the multiple configurations.

[0124] Furthermore, a control channel setting related to the system information included in the MIB (e.g., a PDCCH setting for the system information (e.g., SIB1)) may be specified by a number of bits (e.g., 8 bits) smaller than a specific number of bits (e.g., 16 bits). In this case, a correspondence relationship (e.g., a table) related to information corresponding to a value indicated by the setting may be specified in advance. According to this configuration, even when a control channel setting related to the system information is specified for each operator, the signaling overhead of the MIB can be reduced.

[0125] According to option 4-1, the UE can appropriately perform initial access by using PDCCH resources divided for each operator.

[0126] <<Option 4-2>> A control channel (for example, PDCCH) resource used for initial access may be common to multiple operators.

[0127] For each operator, different control channel elements (CCEs) within a control channel (eg, PDCCH) may be utilized.

[0128] For example, a different RNTI may be used for each operator. The different RNTI for each operator may be predefined / configured. The UE may decode the control channel (PDCCH) using the predefined RNTI corresponding to its own operator.

[0129] For example, a common RNTI for receiving system information (common SI-RNTI) may be defined that is common to multiple operators. The RNTI may indicate a specific value (e.g., FFFF).

[0130] For example, a reserved value (e.g., any one of FFF0-FFFE) may be used for the RNTI for each operator. For example, the value of the RNTI corresponding to a first operator may be FFFC, and the value of the RNTI corresponding to a second operator may be FFFD.

[0131] According to option 4-2, the UE uses different CCEs / RNTIs, and thus can perform appropriate initial access using the PDCCH transmitted using resources common to multiple operators.

[0132] <<Option 4-3>> Resources / CCEs of a control channel (for example, PDCCH) used for initial access may be common to multiple operators.

[0133] A UE may be scheduled with a specific signal using DCI that is divided (different) for each operator.

[0134] For example, when a PDSCH related to system information (e.g., RMSI) is scheduled using DCI, a DCI field may be defined for dividing (separately) setting / indicating the frequency / time resources of the PDSCH for each operator.

[0135] Based on the DCI field, the UE may receive system information using the PDSCH resources corresponding to its own operator.

[0136] According to option 4-3, by using a DCI field for each operator, it becomes possible to receive system information for each operator, and the initial access operation can be performed appropriately.

[0137] <Supplementary Information> [Notification of Information to UE] In the above-described embodiments, any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0138] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0139] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0140] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0141] [Notification of Information from UE] In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0142] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0143] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0144] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0145] [Application of Each Embodiment] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met. The specific condition may be defined in a standard or may be notified to a UE / BS using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0146] The specific conditions may indicate at least one of the following: - operation is performed in FR3, which may be all or part of the range 7125-24250 MHz; - operation is performed in FRx, which may be all or part of the range above 71 GHz.

[0147] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

[0148] The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing / operations / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments.

[0149] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0150] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0151] The specific UE capabilities may be defined as mandatory functions without UE capability signaling, or as mandatory functions with UE capability signaling, or as optional functions without UE capability signaling, or as optional functions with UE capability signaling.

[0152] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when a UE configures / activates / triggers specific information related to the above-described embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiments) through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The specific information may indicate at least one of the following: - Information indicating enabling / disabling the operations of the above-described embodiments. - RRC parameters for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19 / 20 / 21). The RRC parameters may have names that are the names of existing RRC parameters with "r18", "r19", "r20", or "r21" added.

[0153] If the UE does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities or is not configured with the specific information, the UE may apply the behavior of, for example, Rel. 15 / 16 / 17 / 18 / 19.

[0154] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives a synchronization signal block transmitted using separate time resources for each operator, and a control unit that performs initial access to the operator corresponding to the terminal based on the synchronization signal block. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit uses a master information block to determine to which operator the received synchronization signal block corresponds. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the receiving unit receives a master information block including information on an operator identifier. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit receives a control channel using separate resources for each operator.

[0155] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0156] 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0157] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0158] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0159] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0160] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0161] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0162] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0163] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0164] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0165] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0166] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0167] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0168] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0169] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0170] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0171] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0172] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0173] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0174] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0175] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0176] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0177] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0178] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0179] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0180] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0181] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0182] (Base Station) Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0183] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0184] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0185] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0186] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0187] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0188] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0189] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0190] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0191] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0192] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0193] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0194] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0195] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0196] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0197] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0198] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0199] The transmitter / receiver 120 may transmit a synchronization signal block that is transmitted using a different time resource for each operator, and the controller 110 may use the synchronization signal block to instruct an initial access operation corresponding to each operator (first embodiment).

[0200] (User Terminal) Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0201] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0202] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0203] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0204] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0205] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0206] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0207] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0208] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0209] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0210] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0211] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0212] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0213] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0214] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0215] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0216] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0217] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0218] The transmitter / receiver 220 may receive a synchronization signal block transmitted using a different time resource for each operator, and the controller 210 may perform initial access to the corresponding operator based on the synchronization signal block (first embodiment).

[0219] The control unit 210 may use the master information block to determine which operator the received synchronization signal block corresponds to (second embodiment).

[0220] The transceiver 220 may receive a master information block containing information about the operator's identifier (third embodiment).

[0221] The control unit 210 may receive a control channel using different resources for each operator (fourth embodiment).

[0222] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0223] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0224] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0225] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0226] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0227] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0228] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0229] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0230] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0231] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0232] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0233] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0234] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0235] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0236] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0237] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0238] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0239] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0240] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0241] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0242] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0243] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0244] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0245] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0246] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0247] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0248] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0249] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0250] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0251] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0252] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0253] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0254] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0255] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0256] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0257] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0258] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0259] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0260] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0261] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0262] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0263] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0264] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0265] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0266] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0267] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0268] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0269] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0270] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0271] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0272] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0273] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0274] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0275] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0276] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0277] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0278] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0279] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0280] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0281] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0282] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0283] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0284] 8 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0285] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0286] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0287] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0288] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0289] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0290] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0291] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0292] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0293] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0294] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0295] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0296] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0297] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0298] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0299] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0300] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0301] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0302] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0303] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0304] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0305] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0306] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0307] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...." "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (e.g., if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0308] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0309] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0310] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0311] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0312] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0313] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0314] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0315] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0316] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0317] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0318] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives a synchronization signal block transmitted using separate time resources for each operator; and a control unit that performs initial access to an operator corresponding to itself based on the synchronization signal block.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines which operator the received synchronization signal block corresponds to using a master information block.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a master information block including information regarding an identifier of an operator.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit receives a control channel using separate resources for each operator.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: receiving a synchronization signal block transmitted using separate time resources for each operator; and performing initial access to an operator corresponding to itself based on the synchronization signal block.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a synchronization signal block transmitted using separate time resources for each operator; and a control unit that instructs an initial access operation corresponding to each operator using the synchronization signal block.

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