Electronic warfare projectiles with networked area coverage

Abstract

A system includes a plurality of projectiles that can each deny an area of coverage using electronic warfare components. The projectiles can network together to coordinate a distribution of the projectiles over an area of coverage to be affected by the combined EW components.

Description

ELECTRONIC WARFARE PROJECTILES WITH NETWORKED AREA COVERAGE

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application 63 / 60504, filed December 1, 2023. U.S. provisional application 63 / 605,045 and all other extrinsic references contained herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.Field of the Invention

[0002] The field of the invention is electronic warfare projectiles for area denial.Background

[0003] The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[0004] As vehicles, weapon systems and other components of warfighting become increasingly dependent on computer components, electronic warfare has become an increasingly important point of focus in planning and execution of battle plans, tactics and strategies. The ability to suppress, deny, degrade, disrupt, deceive, destroy, or otherwise interfere with enemy communications and electronic equipment can provide a tremendous advantage on the battlefield.

[0005] With all of the advances in EW techniques, rapid denial of an area with extensive EW coverage remains a challenge. The current state of the art does not allow for a quick establishment of an EW blanket over a desired area, especially at a squad or personnel level.

[0006] Thus, there is still a need for networked EW projectiles that can cooperatively deny an area to electronics and other electrical components.

[0007] The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.Summary of The Invention

[0008] The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods in which a system of projectiles can cooperatively work together to provide EW coverage over a wide area. The system can include projectiles that each include a processor, an electronics warfare component, and a communications interface that allows inter-projectile communication. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter the projectiles include guidance mechanisms (hardware and software) that can enable the projectiles to navigate to specific positions within an area.

[0009] The guidance mechanisms can include powered guided mechanism components (e.g., engines, etc.) and / or unpowered guidance mechanism components (e.g., wings, etc.).

[0010] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the projectile can include an electronics component / payload that includes one or more of a positioning component (e.g., GPS components), power source(s), a data communication interface, a signal generator, input / output antenna(s), an RF tuner, an output oscillator coupled to the processor and RF tuner, an input antenna coupled with the RF tuner, an output antenna coupled to the output oscillator. In these embodiments, the processor receives a signal detected in a first frequency, generates a disruptive signal in the first frequency and causes the output oscillator to emit the disruptive signal.

[0011] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

[0012] All publications identified herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.

[0013] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, reaction conditions, and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in thewritten description and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0014] Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth herein should be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints and open-ended ranges should be interpreted to include only commercially practical values. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered as inclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates the contrary.

[0015] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0016] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[0017] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimedindividually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and / or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.Brief Description of the Drawing

[0018] Figure 1 is a diagrammatic overview of this embodiment of the inventive subject matter.

[0019] Figure 2A shows an area that is to be denied by a plurality of projectiles.

[0020] Figure 2B shows a diagram of the spacing determined on-the-fly by the collective projectiles.

[0021] Figure 3 is an illustrative example of a powered guidance mechanism.

[0022] Figure 4 is an illustrative example of an unpowered guidance mechanism attached to a projectile.Detailed Description

[0023] It should be noted that any language directed to a computer should be read to include any suitable combination of computing devices, including servers, interfaces, systems, databases, agents, peers, engines, controllers, or other types of computing devices operating individually or collectively. One should appreciate the computing devices comprise a processor configured to execute software instructions stored on a tangible, non-transitory computer readable storage medium (e.g., hard drive, solid state drive, RAM, flash, ROM, etc.). The software instructions preferably configure the computing device to provide the roles, responsibilities, or other functionality as discussed below with respect to the disclosed apparatus. In especially preferred embodiments, the various servers, systems, databases, or interfaces exchange data using standardized protocols or algorithms, possibly based on HTTP, HTTPS, AES, public-private key exchanges, web service APIs, known financial transaction protocols, or other electronic information exchanging methods. Data exchanges preferably are conducted over a packet- switched network, the Internet, LAN, WAN, VPN, or other type of packet switched network.

[0024] One should appreciate that the disclosed techniques provide many advantageous technical effects including the ability to provide effective electronic warfare coverage over a wide area.

[0025] The following discussion provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.

[0026] The systems and methods of the inventive subject matter include an EW payload internal to a projectile that can be deployed via firearms, unmanned, manned, and / or loitering platforms or other suitable launchers and systems into a desired area where the EW payload can be activated.

[0027] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the EW payload of a projectile can include an input antenna that enables it to perform random, deceptive, decoy, degrading, constant or reactive attacks. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic overview of this embodiment of the inventive subject matter.

[0028] As seen in Fig. 1, the EW delivery system 100 includes a projectile body 110 that houses the EW payload. The projectile body 110 can be considered to be of a sufficient size to house the EW payload. The projectile body 110 is of a standard size / caliber / type to be fired by existing weapons or deployed via unmanned and / or loitering platforms. It is contemplated that the projectile body 110 can be a projectile of any known bullet calibers and sizes (e.g., .50 caliber, .22 caliber, etc.), or be a projectile body of a size and dimension of a projectile larger than bullets (e.g., mortal’s, missiles, grenade launchers-based ordnance, etc.). For example, a desirable form factor for the projectile body 110 is that of a 40 mm grenade projectile that can be fired by a launcher such as a rifle-based underside launcher or dedicated grenade launcher, or deployed via unmanned platform and / or a loitering platform.

[0029] The EW payload is a general term used for the collection of components that enable for the identification of local signals and / or local networks, local jamming of communication signals(or spoofing and / or denial of position, navigation and timing information), waveform effects intended to deceive or distract an adversary’s signal intelligence, interception of local communication signals, distraction and / or deception of local networks, infiltration / penetration and / or hijacking of local networks. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the EW payload includes an input antenna 120, an RF tuner 130, a processor 140, an output oscillator 150, and an output antenna 160. The EW payload also includes a power source 170 (e.g., a battery) that powers the various components included herein.

[0030] Fig. 1 depicts a possible diagram of components needed for every frequency that is desired to block. However, not all the specified components are necessary for all applications and some of them could be used for multiple frequencies without the need of more components.

[0031] Input Antenna 120: The input antenna 120 is of an appropriate length to better catch incoming transmissions of certain frequencies. This component by itself doesn’t drain current. It is necessary for every frequency that is to be blocked if they are significantly distant from each other and they can be used as an additional output antenna if it connected it to the output oscillator 150. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the system 100 can include more than one input antenna 120 so as to be able to handle multiple frequencies.

[0032] RF Tuner 130: The RF tuner 130 is configured to receive incoming transmissions using the input antenna. In embodiments, the RF tuner 130 could be activated or deactivated by the processor 140 according to certain conditions (e.g., as schedule, etc.) or it could stay always on. There must be an RF tuner 130 for each input antenna 120. In embodiments, the RF Tuner 130 and processor 140 can be integral to one unit.

[0033] Processor 140: The processor 140 is the component which takes the received signal from the RF tuner 130 and, based on the received signal, generates another signal at the same frequency (when it passes through the output oscillator 150) but with different information. The processor 140 can be as basic as a noise generator or it could include filters, DSP analyzers, signal generators and so on. This component could be analog or digital, but in some cases it is recommended to be analog if the jamming or spoofing signal has to be emitted very fast to block or spoof the original. The number of processors 140 could be as many as frequencies to attack or only one for all the signals.

[0034] The system can also include an on-board memory 141 that stores executable instructions that the processor 140 is programmed to execute. The memory 141 can also store data related to the functions of the inventive subject matter. For example, data associated with a date / time of activation, one or more frequencies to be blocked, reporting instructions, and other data.

[0035] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the system 100 is initiated prior to launching. In other embodiments, the processor 140 can be programmed to activate the system 100 upon a certain conditions being met. For example, the system 100 can be activated upon detecting (via an accelerometer, proximity sensor, camera, or other on-board sensor) that the projectile 110 has been launched. Other types of conditions can include determining a particular location based on on-board location hardware and / or software (such as GPS, camera, quantum sensors, atom interferometer, terrestrial beacon, inertial navigation system, visual positioning system and / or satellite alternatives, which can be used on a stand-alone or combined basis; these can also include the use of artificial intelligence (“Al”) and / or machine learning-based software applications), a time trigger (e.g., initiating based on date / time, or the expiration of a timer), a combination of location and time trigger, etc. The astute reader will recognize that these options enable the projectile 110 to operate even in GPS-denied environments.

[0036] Output Oscillator 150: The output oscillator 150 takes the signal generated by the processor and transforms it into a coherent signal to be transmitted through the output antenna 160; this component is always necessary but also could be combined with the processor 140, since some integrated circuits have both capabilities. An output oscillator 150 is necessary for each frequency to be transmitted, however there are multi-oscillators that are very competent in a wide range of frequencies.

[0037] Output Antenna 160: The Output Antenna 160 emits the signal. In embodiments, it can have all of the same characteristics of the input antenna 120. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the functions of the input antenna 120 and the output antenna 160 are performed by a single antenna.

[0038] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the input antenna 120 and / or the output antenna 160 can be in the form of the protective housing of the projectile 110, such as described in applicant’s own issued US patent 11,644,289 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

[0039] As will be discussed in further detail below, the projectile 110 can communicate with other projectiles and also with remote computing devices such that a plurality of projectiles 110 can blanket an area with EW coverage. Thus, the communications equipment discussed above can also be used for inter-projectile communications and communications with remote devices for sending and receiving data. The communication devices can include modalities such as RF communications, cellular communications, satellite communications, etc.

[0040] Power Source 170: The power source 170 is simply the component which allows enough energy into each component so they can operate correctly. The power source 170 can be a battery. It is important to note that each circuit required for each frequency could inject noise to the other signal generators.

[0041] A plurality of projectiles 110 can cooperatively blanket a desired area with EW coverage, even after launching.

[0042] Figure 2A shows an area 200 that is to be denied by a plurality of projectiles 110. The projectiles 110 are launched into the area. The projectiles 110 can be programmed prior to launch with a desired area of coverage.

[0043] While the projectiles are in flight to the area 200, they establish communications with one another via the communication capabilities of each as discussed herein, to coordinate the distribution of the projectiles 110 within the area 200 to maximize the area of EW coverage. For example, the projectiles 110 can coordinate to space themselves out to maximize the EW coverage area. Each of the projectiles 110 is programmed to know the effective range of their onboard EW packages, and thus they can space themselves out accordingly. This can, for example, be performed by each projectile 110 communicating the location that they are navigating to and the range of their EW package. Each of the projectiles 110 receives this information and adjusts accordingly such that their own position and EW coverage complements the coverage of the other projectiles 110 with minimal to no overlap (or with a desired amount of overlap). In embodiments, a projectile 110 from the group can be designated a lead projectile (e.g., receive a designation from an operator or determine it on its own). The lead projectile can be determined based on a location to be deployed (e.g., the projectile 110 going to the farthest location is designated a lead projectile, or one going to the closest location is the lead projectile,or in another example, a projectile covering a highest-priority target is designated the lead projectile). The lead projectile 110 then transmits its target location (i.c., the location it will travel to) and characteristics of the EW package (e.g., range, type of EW package, etc.) to other projectiles 110. Then, from the projectiles, the projectiles 110 (for this example, designated as secondary projectiles 110) whose target locations are closest to the lead projectile 110 can adjust their target locations based on the location of the lead projectile and the EW package characteristics. For example, a secondary projectile 110 receives the location of the lead projectile 110 and the range of EW coverage of the lead projectile 110. It then, knowing its own EW coverage range, determines a position that is closest to its original location and also equal or approximately equal to the EW coverage range of the lead projectile plus the EW coverage range of the secondary projectile, and then guides itself to this updated position.

[0044] In embodiments, it may be desirable to have an amount of overlap of EW coverage between two projectiles. In these embodiments, the calculation is of the sum of the EW coverage ranges between the lead and secondary projectiles minus the amount of overlap.

[0045] This communication and calculation can be cascaded down to all of the projectiles 110 to adjust the positions accordingly. This can be done while some or all of the projectiles 110 are in flight, prior to launch, and / or already at their target positions.

[0046] Figure 2B shows a diagram of the spacing determined on-thc-fly by the collective projectiles 110. This diagram shows an arrangement of the projectiles 110 that the area 200 is mostly covered by the EW functions of the projectiles 110. The area of coverage of each projectile 110 is shown by the circle 210. However, in other examples, the projectiles 110 can cooperatively concentrate on a smaller area such that their collective disruptive effects are enhanced. It should be noted that in Fig. 2B, the projectiles 110 are depicted as having the same orientation for the purposes of simplicity in illustration. It is contemplated that the projectiles 110 can be distributed with different orientations as well. This can be beneficial in designs where the EW effects emanate better on certain axis of the projectile (e.g., the X / Y-axis) and worse on other axis (e.g., the Z-axis). Thus, in these embodiments, having the projectiles 110 distributed in different orientations can optimize the effect by reducing the areas of weakened coverage (due to the orientation of the projectiles 110) within the area of coverage 200.

[0047] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, an operator could select in advance, on a map application running on a computing device, a plurality of locations within an area for the projectiles 110 to be placed. This location information can be transmitted from the computing device running the map application to a guidance system of each projectile 110, so that each projectile 110 can navigate to its respective location within the area as discussed herein. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the location information can be sent to a launch platform (e.g., launcher, aerial deployment platform, etc.) for launch of the projectiles 110 to the precise locations or in the direction of the precise locations.

[0048] In order to be able to carry out these functions of area denial, the projectiles 110 must have the ability to change course and guide themselves to the appropriate spots. To do so, the projectiles 110 include hardware that enables the projectile to course-correct and otherwise guide itself to a corresponding location. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the projectiles 110 can have a guidance mechanism attached thereto that enables for controlled flight. The guidance mechanism can be powered or unpowered.

[0049] Figure 3 is an illustrative example of a powered guidance mechanism 300. In this case, the guidance mechanism 300 includes an engine or motor that power one or more propellers / rotors 310 that enable flight and guidance. The guidance mechanism 300 can also include a power source such as a battery (for battery-powered motors) or fuel reservoir that powers the motor for flight. The arrangement of the guidance mechanism 300 is an example, and other arrangements of rotors / propellers are contemplated as well.

[0050] In the embodiment of Fig. 3., the projectile 110 can be attached to the underside of the guidance mechanism 300. Since the guidance mechanism 300 is powered, it allows for the adjustment of the arrangement of a plurality of projectiles 110 after arriving at a desired area. This can be to account for changing conditions, movement of vehicles and / or personnel that are to be affected by the EW pay loads, or other factors. The inter-projectile communications also allow the projectiles to collectively adjust and stagger the altitudes of the projectiles according to the needs of the area and environment.

[0051] Figure 4 is an illustrative example of an unpowered guidance mechanism 400 attached to a projectile 110. The unpowered guidance mechanism 400 can include wings 410 with movingcontrol surfaces 411 that can allow the projectile 110 to glide and steer towards a particular location in an area. Because the embodiment of Fig. 4 is unpowcrcd, the coordination between the projectiles 110 while in flight is critical. While in flight, the projectiles 110 can collectively figure out where each projectile 110 will go within an area and then use their guidance mechanisms 400 to glide to that spot. Once the projectiles 110 land, they can continue to use their EW payloads but they can no longer correct their positions.

[0052] In order to perform the guidance and maneuvering of the embodiments of Figs 3 and 4, the on-board memory 141 can carry flight control programming and the processor 140 is communicatively coupled with the guidance mechanism 300 / 400 to be able to guide the projectile 110 to its appropriate location. The projectiles 110 can also include positioning hardware and / or software such as GPS, camera, quantum sensors, atom interferometer, terrestrial beacon, inertial navigation system, visual positioning system and / or satellite alternatives, which can be used on a stand-alone or combined basis; these can also include the use of artificial intelligence (“Al”) and / or machine learning-based software applications to be able to accurately determine their position, even in GPS-denied environments.

[0053] To coordinate the coverage of an area such as in Fig. 2B, the projectiles 110 communicate with one another. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, one or more of the projectiles 110 can be designated as “leader” projectiles that coordinate the other projectiles such that all of the projectiles 110 can receive indications of their assigned positions within the area. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, one or more of the projectiles 110 can function as relays for other projectiles 110 to communicate with computing devices outside of communication range. For example, in an area an outermost projectile 110 may be the only one in communication range of the computing device operated by a nearby squad overseeing the deployment. This projectile 110 can act as a relay for other projectiles 110 to communicate with the squad to relay information and to obtain orders.

[0054] As is described herein, the electronic warfare “EW” packages discussed in the embodiments of the inventive subject matter can generally be categorized as a signal jammer, spoofer, decoy, degrader, or an intrusive disruptor. The first embodiments will discuss the signal jammer that disrupts communications by interfering or otherwise disrupting the communicationssignals used by devices, with the later embodiments discussing the intrusive disruptor that functions to disrupt communications by introducing a virus or other harmful code into the devices themselves.

[0055] It is contemplated that beyond disruption or jamming, the systems and methods of the inventive subject matter can include a projectile that can also perform disabling (e.g., EMP), degrading, decoy, distraction, deception, interceptions and hijacking functions.

[0056] The function of a signal jammer is to interfere between the emitter and receiver of a wireless transmission. This can be accomplished by simply adding noise to the wireless link between the devices; however, there are also more complex ways to create interference, for instance sending specific information that confuses the communication protocol on any end of the wireless link (the attack can be targeted at the emitter or receiver).

[0057] Examples of types of existing cellphone jammers can be categorized as follows:• Type A: A device that overcomes the cellphone receiving signal by emitting multiple powerful frequencies that impede the wireless communication.• Type B: A device that detects when a call is being made and communicates with the base station, informing it to prohibit the call establishment. This device can, for instance, recognize emergency calls and allow them to go through.• Type C: A device which operates as a beacon and inform all nearby devices to disable their ringer operation.• Type D: A device that communicates directly with a nearby phone and prevents it from making or receiving calls. Emergency calls can be allowed by this device.• Type E: Faraday cages, which are not relevant to the embodiments of the inventive subject matter discussed herein.• Type F a device that sends energy and destroy or disables other electronic devices.

[0058] The embodiments discussed herein are principally Type A devices but can, in embodiments, also incorporate functions of some of the other types.

[0059] The type of jamming attack can be also categorized and the effectiveness of the attack can depend on the type. The most significant types of jamming attacks arc:• Constant: This attack simply sends random information all the time, without knowing if the channel is busy or not.• Deceptive: This attack sends also information all the time but it does so in a way the other emitters are tricked into thinking they should be in receive mode. A variation of this can be that a device sends incorrect data and information to have an enemy device give incorrect information (e.g., with false location data, IP addresses, etc.)• Random: This attack is random in the way it activates and deactivates the signal noise.• Reactive: This attack stays quiet when the other emitters are idle and once a transmission is detected then it sends noise.• Reactive: This attack displays better results than the random jammer only for short distances, but it is important to note this jamming method is harder to detect.

[0060] There are multiple strategies to avoid signal jamming, but they are usually complex to implement and, in short, a signal jammer is hard to avoid. As was noted before, one of the main strategies to accomplish signal jamming implies adding noise to the frequency where the communication is occurring at a higher power than the original signal, since some protocols have built in mechanisms to jump between frequencies (also known as frequency hopping) when they detect problems in the communication channel (like 2G, 3G and such); some jammers emit noise at multiple frequencies, however, this approach has its own faults since some wireless protocols can use more than 50 channels and therefore the jammer has to emit every channel frequency. Another approach for type A devices is to detect the communicating frequency and emit noise at the same frequency, this way the power of the device can be focused in a specific channel (as the reactive attack approach).

[0061] Type A jammers have to emit different frequencies at a high power in order to eclipse the real communicating signal (regardless if the jammer will detect the communicating frequency) this is why some commercial jammers’ battery doesn’t last very long even when they emit intermittingly. This implies one of the main components will have to be a signal generator of the same frequency of the target to block; if the jammer aims to block different communication protocols that operate at different frequencies, then it would require multiple generators and multiple antennas, this is why some commercial jammers have many antennas.

[0062] As said before the jammer will have to emit noise at high power, this implies the power source will have to be able to deliver enough energy to the signal generators in order to maintain the jamming attack and successfully block all attempts of reconnection. A battery powered jammer will have to take into account the duration of the attack and the dBm of the output antenna for each one of the protocols it aims to attack; this will give a good estimate of the expected battery life for such conditions.

[0063] If the jammer uses an input antenna to be able to determine the current frequency where the communication is occurring then it will have to incorporate also a filter that omits the frequency its own transmitter emits, otherwise the jammer will be locked in just the first frequency it detects and when a frequency hopping occurs the jammer wouldn’t be able to recognize such change. If a jammer has an input antenna it doesn’t mean it will have to use this kind of filters, it can simply emit short burst of noise and then change to receiver mode (even using the same antenna) but this strategy could prove not so effective (it would be as effective as the random attack).

[0064] A spoofer will function differently than a jammer, in that the intent is to deceive rather than to outright deny receival and transmission of signal data. This may include methods for generating false position, navigation and / or timing (PNT) data signals and transmitting this false information to a targeted receiver antenna to counteract and override the legitimate PNT data signals being received by the targeted antenna from a given satellite constellation (e.g., GPS, GNSS, Baidu, etc.).

[0065] The system may also used to create signal decoy effects. In this instance one or more projectiles may emit one or more waveforms similar to those emitted by certain vehicles, equipment, squad configurations, etc. For example, a decoy effect could include the waveforms typically emitted by a tank, or a single warfighter or small squad, or a command and control station, an aircraft or unmanned system. These decoy effects could be used individually or in combination - for example, a decoy warfighter communicating with a decoy command and control center, etc.

[0066] The systems and methods of the inventive subject matter include an EW payload internal to a projectile that can be deployed via firearms or other suitable launchers into a desired area where the EW payload can be activated.

[0067] As used herein, and unless the context dictates otherwise, the term "coupled to" is intended to include both direct coupling (in which two elements that are coupled to each other contact each other) and indirect coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements). Therefore, the terms "coupled to" and "coupled with" are used synonymously.

[0068] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C .... and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.ELECTRONIC WARFARE PROJECTILES WITH NETWORKED AREA COVERAGEField of the Invention

[0001] The field of the invention is electronic warfare projectiles for area denial.Background

[0002] The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[0003] As vehicles, weapon systems and other components of warfighting become increasingly dependent on computer components, electronic warfare has become an increasingly important point of focus in planning and execution of battle plans, tactics and strategies. The ability to suppress, disrupt or otherwise interfere with enemy communications and electronic equipment can provide a tremendous advantage on the battlefield.

[0004] With all of the advances in EW techniques, rapid denial of an area with extensive EW coverage remains a challenge. The current state of the art docs not allow for a quick establishment of an EW blanket over a desired area, especially at a squad or personnel level.

[0005] Thus, there is still a need for networked EW projectiles that can cooperatively deny an area to electronics and other electrical components.

[0006] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.

[0007] The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior artor relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[0008] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, reaction conditions, and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0009] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0010] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[0011] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and / or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.Detailed Description

[0012] It should be noted that any language directed to a computer should be read to include any suitable combination of computing devices, including servers, interfaces, systems, databases, agents, peers, engines, controllers, or other types of computing devices operating individually or collectively. One should appreciate the computing devices comprise a processor configured to execute software instructions stored on a tangible, non-transitory computer readable storage medium (e.g., hard drive, solid state drive, RAM, flash, ROM, etc.). The software instructions preferably configure the computing device to provide the roles, responsibilities, or other functionality as discussed below with respect to the disclosed apparatus. In especially preferred embodiments, the various servers, systems, databases, or interfaces exchange data using standardized protocols or algorithms, possibly based on HTTP, HTTPS, AES, public-private key exchanges, web service APIs, known financial transaction protocols, or other electronic information exchanging methods. Data exchanges preferably are conducted over a packet- switched network, the Internet, LAN, WAN, VPN, or other type of packet switched network.

[0013] One should appreciate that the disclosed techniques provide many advantageous technical effects including the ability to provide effective electronic warfare coverage over a wide area.

[0014] The following discussion provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.3

[0015] The systems and methods of the inventive subject matter include an EW payload internal to a projectile that can be deployed via firearms or other suitable launchers into a desired area where the EW payload can be activated.

[0016] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the EW payload of a projectile can include an input antenna that enables it to perform random, deceptive, constant or reactive attacks. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic overview of this embodiment of the inventive subject matter.

[0017] As seen in Fig. 1, the EW delivery system 100 includes a projectile body 110 that houses the EW payload. The projectile body 110 can be considered to be of a sufficient size to house the EW payload. The projectile body 110 is of a standard size / caliber / type to be fired by existing weapons. It is contemplated that the projectile body 110 can be a projectile of any known bullet calibers and sizes (e.g., .50 caliber, .22 caliber, etc.), or be a projectile body of a size and dimension of a projectile larger than bullets (e.g., mortars, missiles, grenade launchers-based ordnance, etc.). For example, a desirable form factor for the projectile body 110 is that of a 40 mm grenade projectile that can be fired by a launcher such as a rille-based underside launcher or dedicated grenade launcher.

[0018] The EW payload is a general term used for the collection of components that enable for the identification of local signals and / or local networks, local jamming of communication signals, interception of local communication signals, distraction and / or deception of local networks, infiltration / penetration and / or hijacking of local networks. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the EW payload includes an input antenna 120, an RF tuner 130, a processor 140, an output oscillator 150, and an output antenna 160. The EW pay load also includes a power source 170 (e.g., a battery) that powers the various components included herein.

[0019] Fig. 1 depicts a possible diagram of components needed for every frequency that is desired to block. However, not all the specified components are necessary for all applications and some of them could be used for multiple frequencies without the need of more components.

[0020] Input Antenna 120: The input antenna 120 is of an appropriate length to better catch incoming transmissions of certain frequencies. This component by itself doesn’t drain current. It4is necessary for every frequency that is to be blocked if they are significantly distant from each other and they can be used as an additional output antenna if it connected it to the output oscillator 150. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the system 100 can include more than one input antenna 120 so as to be able to handle multiple frequencies.

[0021] RF Tuner 130: The RF tuner 130 is configured to receive incoming transmissions using the input antenna. In embodiments, the RF tuner 130 could be activated or deactivated by the processor 140 according to certain conditions (e.g., as schedule, etc.) or it could stay always on. There must be an RF tuner 130 for each input antenna 120. In embodiments, the RF Tuner 130 and processor 140 can be integral to one unit.

[0022] Processor 140: The processor 140 is the component which takes the received signal from the RF tuner 130 and, based on the received signal, generates another signal at the same frequency (when it passes through the output oscillator 150) but with different information. The processor 140 can be as basic as a noise generator or it could include filters, DSP analyzers, signal generators and so on. This component could be analog or digital, but in some cases it is recommended to be analog if the jamming signal has to be emitted very fast to block the original. The number of processors 140 could be as many as frequencies to attack or only one for all the signals.

[0023] The system can also include an on-board memory 141 that stores executable instructions that the processor 140 is programmed to execute. The memory 141 can also store data related to the functions of the inventive subject matter. For example, data associated with a date / time of activation, one or more frequencies to be blocked, reporting instructions, and other data.

[0024] In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the system 100 is initiated prior to launching. In other embodiments, the processor 140 can be programmed to activate the system 100 upon a certain conditions being met. For example, the system 100 can be activated upon detecting (via an accelerometer or other on-board sensor) that the projectile 110 has been launched. Other types of conditions can include determining a particular location based on onboard location hardware (such as GPS), a time trigger (e.g., initiating based on date / time, or the expiration of a timer), a combination of location and time trigger, etc.5

[0025] Output Oscillator 150: The output oscillator 150 takes the signal generated by the processor and transforms it into a coherent signal to be transmitted through the output antenna 160; this component is always necessary but also could be combined with the processor 140, since some integrated circuits have both capabilities. An output oscillator 150 is necessary for each frequency to be transmitted, however there are multi-oscillators that are very competent in a wide range of frequencies.

[0026] Output Antenna 160: The Output Antenna 160 emits the signal. In embodiments, it can have all of the same characteristics of the input antenna 120.

[0027] As will be discussed in further detail below, the projectile 110 can communicate with other projectiles and also with remote computing devices such that a plurality of projectiles 110 can blanket an area with EW coverage. Thus, the communications equipment discussed above can also be used for inter-projectile communications and communications with remote devices for sending and receiving data. The communication devices can include modalities such as RF communications, cellular’ communications, etc.

[0028] Power Source 170: The power source 170 is simply the component which allows enough energy into each component so they can operate correctly. The power source 170 can be a battery. It is important to note that each circuit required for each frequency could inject noise to the other signal generators.

[0029] A plurality of projectiles 110 can cooperatively blanket a desired area with EW coverage, even after launching.

[0030] Figure 2A shows an area 200 that is to be denied by a plurality of projectiles 110. The projectiles 110 are launched into the area. The projectiles 110 can be programmed prior to launch with a desired area of coverage.

[0031] While the projectiles are in flight to the area 200, they establish communications with one another to coordinate the distribution of the projectiles 110 within the area 200 to maximize the area of EW coverage. For example, the projectiles 110 can coordinate to space themselves out to maximize the EW coverage area. Each of the projectiles 110 is programmed to know the6effective range of their onboard EW packages, and thus they can space themselves out accordingly.

[0032] Figure 2B shows a diagram of the spacing determined on-the-fly by the collective projectiles 110. This diagram shows an arrangement of the projectiles 110 that the area 200 is mostly covered by the EW functions of the projectiles 110. The area of coverage of each projectile 110 is shown by the circle 210 However, in other examples, the projectiles 110 can cooperatively concentrate on a smaller area such that their collective disruptive effects are enhanced.

[0033] In order to be able to carry out these functions of area denial, the projectiles 110 must have the ability to change course and guide themselves to the appropriate spots. To do so, the projectiles 110 include hardware that enables the projectile to course-correct and otherwise guide itself to a corresponding location. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, the projectiles 110 can have a guidance mechanism attached thereto that enables for controlled flight. The guidance mechanism can be powered or unpowered.

[0034] Figure 3 is an illustrative example of a powered guidance mechanism 300. In this case, the guidance mechanism 300 includes an engine or motor that power one or more propel 1 er s / ro tors 310 that enable flight and guidance. The guidance mechanism 300 can also include a power source such as a battery (for battery-powered motors) or fuel reservoir that powers the motor for flight. The arrangement of the guidance mechanism 300 is an example, and other arrangement of rotors / propellers are contemplated as well.

[0035] In the embodiment of Fig. 3., the projectile 110 can be attached to the underside of the guidance mechanism 300. Since the guidance mechanism 300 is powered, it allows for the adjustment of the arrangement of a plurality of projectiles 110 after arriving at a desired area. This can be to account for changing conditions, movement of vehicles and / or personnel that are to be affected by the EW pay loads, or other factors. The inter-projectile communications also allow the projectiles to collectively adjust and stagger the altitudes of the projectiles according to the needs of the area and environment.7

[0036] Figure 4 is an illustrative example of an unpowered guidance mechanism 400 attached to a projectile 110. The unpowcrcd guidance mechanism 400 can include wings 410 with moving control surfaces 411 that can allow the projectile 110 to glide and steer towards a particular location in an area. Because the embodiment of Fig. 4 is unpowered, the coordination between the projectiles 110 while in flight is critical. While in flight, the projectiles 110 can collectively figure out where each projectile 110 will go within an area and then use their guidance mechanisms 400 to glide to that spot. Once the projectiles 110 land, they can continue to use their EW payloads but they can no longer correct their positions.

[0037] In order to perform the guidance and maneuvering of the embodiments of Figs 3 and 4, the on-board memory 141 can carry flight control programming and the processor 140 is communicatively coupled with the guidance mechanism 300 / 400 to be able to guide the projectile 110 to its appropriate location. The projectiles 110 can also include positioning hardware such as GPS to be able to accurately determine their position.

[0038] To coordinate the coverage of an area such as in Fig. 2B, the projectiles 110 communicate with one another. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, one or more of the projectiles 110 can be designated as “leader” projectiles that coordinate the other projectiles such that all of the projectiles 110 can receive indications of their assigned positions within the area. In embodiments of the inventive subject matter, one or more of the projectiles 1 10 can function as relays for other projectiles 110 to communicate with computing devices outside of communication range. For example, in an area an outermost projectile 110 may be the only one in communication range of the computing device operated by a nearby squad overseeing the deployment. This projectile 110 can act as a relay for other projectiles 110 to communicate with the squad to relay information and to obtain orders.

[0039] As ise described herein, the electronic warfare “EW” packages discussed in the embodiments of the inventive subject matter can generally be categorized as a signal jammer or an intrusive disruptor. The first embodiments will discuss the signal jammer that disrupts communications by interfering or otherwise disrupting the communications signals used by devices, with the later embodiments discussing the intrusive disruptor that functions to disrupt communications by introducing a vims or other harmful code into the devices themselves.8

[0040] It is contemplated that beyond disruption or jamming, the systems and methods of the inventive subject matter can include a projectile that can also perform disabling (c.g., EMP, degrading, detraction, deception, interceptions and hijacking functions.

[0041] The function of a signal jammer is to interfere between the emitter and receiver of a wireless transmission. This can be accomplished by simply adding noise to the wireless link between the devices; however, there are also more complex ways to create interference, for instance sending specific information that confuses the communication protocol on any end of the wireless link (the attack can be targeted at the emitter or receiver).

[0042] Examples of types of existing cellphone jammers can be seen as:• Type A: A device that overcomes the cellphone receiving signal by emitting multiple powerful frequencies that impede the wireless communication.• Type B: A device that detects when a call is being made and communicates with the base station, informing it to prohibit the call establishment. This device can, for instance, recognize emergency calls and allow them to go through.• Type C: A device which operates as a beacon and inform all nearby devices to disable their ringer operation.• Type D: A device that communicates directly with a nearby phone and prevents it from making or receiving calls. Emergency calls can be allowed by this device.• Type E: Faraday cages, which are not relevant to the embodiments of the inventive subject matter discussed herein.• Type F a device that sends energy and destroy or disables other electronic devices.

[0043] The embodiments discussed herein are principally Type A devices but can, in embodiments, also incorporate functions of some of the other types.

[0044] The type of jamming attack can be also categorized and the effectiveness of the attack can depending on the type. The most significant types of jamming attacks are:• Constant: This attack simply sends random information all the time without knowing if the channel is busy or not.9• Deceptive: This attack sends also information all the time but it does so in a way the other emitters are tricked into thinking they should be in receive mode. A variation of this can be that a device sends incorrect data and information to have an enemy device give incorrect information (e.g., with false location data, IP addresses, etc.)• Random: This attack is random in the way it activates and deactivates the signal noise.• Reactive: This attack stays quiet when the other emitters are idle and once a transmission is detected then it sends noise.• Reactive: This attack displays better results than the random jammer only for short distances but it is important to note this jamming method is harder to detect.

[0045] There are multiple strategies to avoid signal jamming but they are usually complex to implement and, in short, a signal jammer is hard to avoid. As was noted before, one of the main strategies to accomplish signal jamming implies adding noise to the frequency where the communication is occurring at a higher power than the original signal, since some protocols have built in mechanisms to jump between frequencies (also known as frequency hopping) when they detect problems in the communication channel (like 2G, 3G and such); some jammers emit noise at multiple frequencies, however, this approach has its own faults since some wireless protocols can use more than 50 channels and therefore the jammer has to emit every channel frequency. Another approach for type A devices is to detect the communicating frequency and emit noise at the same frequency, this way the power of the device can be focused in a specific channel (as the reactive attack approach).

[0046] Type A jammers have to emit different frequencies at a high power in order to eclipse the real communicating signal (regardless if the jammer will detect the communicating frequency) this is why some commercial jammers’ battery doesn’t last very long even when they emit intermittingly. This implies one of the main components will have to be a signal generator of the same frequency of the target to block; if the jammer aims to block different communication protocols that operate at different frequencies then it would require multiple generators and multiple antennas, this is why some commercial jammers have many antennas.

[0047] As said before the jammer will have to emit noise at high power, this implies the power source will have to be able to deliver enough energy to the signal generators in order to maintain10the jamming attack and successfully block all attempts of reconnection. A battery powered jammer will have to take into account the duration of the attack and the dBm of the output antenna for each one of the protocols it aims to attack; this will give a good estimate of the expected battery life for such conditions.

[0048] If the jammer uses an input antenna to be able to determine the current frequency where the communication is occurring then it will have to incorporate also a filter that omits the frequency its own transmitter emits, otherwise the jammer will be locked in just the first frequency it detects and when a frequency hopping occurs the jammer wouldn’t be able to recognize such change. If a jammer has an input antenna it doesn’t mean it will have to use this kind of filters, it can simply emit short burst of noise and then change to receiver mode (even using the same antenna) but this strategy could prove not so effective (it would be as effective as the random attack).

[0049] The systems and methods of the inventive subject matter include an EW payload internal to a projectile that can be deployed via firearms or other suitable launchers into a desired area where the EW payload can be activated.

[0050] As used herein, and unless the context dictates otherwise, the term "coupled to" is intended to include both direct coupling (in which two elements that are coupled to each other contact each other) and indirect coupling (in which at least one additional clement is located between the two elements). Therefore, the terms "coupled to" and "coupled with" are used synonymously.

[0051] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected11from the group consisting of A, B, C .... and N, the text should he interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.12

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A system comprising a plurality of projectiles, each of the projectiles comprising: a processor; an electronics component including an electronics warfare component; a guidance mechanism configured to enable the projectile to navigate to a position within an area; and a communications interface that enables each of the projectiles to communicate with at least one other projectile from the plurality of projectiles.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the guided mechanism comprises a powered guided mechanism.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the guided mechanism comprises an unpowered guided mechanism.

4. A system for deploying electronic warfare capabilities to an area, comprising: a plurality of projectiles, each projectile within the plurality of projectiles comprising: at least one flight control mechanism; an electronics pay load comprising: a processor; a positioning component; a power source; a data communications interface; a signal generator; an RF tuner communicatively coupled with the processor; an output oscillator communicatively coupled to the processor and the RF tuner; an input antenna communicatively coupled to the RF tuner; an output antenna communicatively coupled to the output oscillator; and wherein the processor is programmed to: receive, from the input antenna and via the RF tuner, a signal detected in a first frequency;generate a disruptive or deceptive signal in the first frequency in response to the detected signal; and cause the output oscillator to emit the disruptive signal via the output antenna.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the input antenna and the output antenna are a singular antenna.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the input antenna and the output antenna are separate.CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A system comprising a plurality of projectiles, each of the projectiles comprising: a processor; an electronics component including an electronics warfare component; a guidance mechanism configured to enable the projectile to navigate to a position within an area; and a communications interface that enables each of the projectiles to communicate with at least one other projectile from the plurality of projectiles.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the guided mechanism comprises a powered guided mechanism.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the guided mechanism comprises an unpowered guided mechanism.

4. A system for deploying electronic warfare capabilities to an area, comprising: a plurality of projectiles, each projectile within the plurality of projectiles comprising: at least one flight control mechanism; an electronics pay load comprising: a processor; a positioning component; a power source; a data communications interface; a signal generator; an input / output antenna; an RF tuner communicatively coupled with the processor; an output oscillator communicatively coupled to the processor and the RF tuner; an input antenna communicatively coupled to the RF tuner; an output antenna communicatively coupled to the output oscillator; and a power source; wherein the processor is programmed to:receive, from the input antenna and via the RF tuner, a signal detected in a first frequency; generate a disruptive signal in the first frequency in response to the detected signal; and cause the output oscillator to emit the disruptive signal via the output antenna;

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