Hydraulic engine

Abstract

The utility model relates to hydraulic piston engines. A hydraulic engine can be used in mechanical engineering. In the proposed hydraulic engine (figure 1 / 1), a hollow truncated cone has disposed therein an inverted truncated cone of a height less than the lower part of the head of a piston (2), and the lower end of the upper part of the head of the piston (2) is configured in the shape of an expanding arc. Running along a central axis from the inverted truncated cone to the tip of the head of the piston (2) is an opening (3). Mounted inside a cylinder head (4) is a sleeve (7) with a head, said sleeve being equipped with a cooling jacket and being mounted on the same central axis as the piston (2). Configured in the upper part of the side wall of the sleeve (7) with a head are diametrically opposing openings (8), (9) which communicate with an inlet and an outlet valve (5), (6). The upper part of the head of the piston (2) is provided with a sealing ring and is mounted inside the sleeve (7) with a head, forming a working chamber (12).

Description

[0001] HYDRAULIC MOTOR

[0002] The utility model relates to piston hydraulic engines.

[0003] A hydraulic motor with at least one cylinder and at least one piston can be used in mechanical engineering.

[0004] The well-known internal combustion engine (ICE) (patent RU 2674168C2 F02M 25 / 03) consists of a cylinder, piston, crankshaft, combustion chamber, intake and exhaust valves, manifold, cylinder head and fuel injector. It runs on air, hydrogen and air-alcohol mixture.

[0005] The disadvantages of internal combustion engines are the large volume of the fuel system, the complexity of the design and the low efficiency factor (COP).

[0006] The known two-cylinder hydraulic engine (patent AZ F 2023 0034 F01B 1 / 02) was chosen as the closest analogue of the proposed hydraulic engine. The hydraulic engine consists of cylinders, pistons with heads, with cylindrical narrow parts in the form of a hollow funnel, connecting rods, a crankshaft, a camshaft, bushings attached to the cylinder head, directed inside the cylinder block, working chambers formed due to the location of the cylindrical narrow parts of the pistons inside the bushings, a window located in the upper part between the cylinders, and an air filter installed in an opening in the upper part of the cylinder block.

[0007] The well-known hydraulic engine taken as a prototype has the following disadvantages: the hydraulic engine does not have a cooling system, which leads to heating of the working mechanisms, thermal expansion, deformation, fluid leakage and, ultimately, failure of the hydraulic engine. The cylindrical narrow parts of the pistons are placed inside the bushings, forming working chambers. At the same time, the working chambers located inside the cylinder block are not protected from overheating and the impact of internal and external forces. Heating of the working chambers, high pressure of the liquid periodically supplied there, a sharp change in the direction of the pistons' movement up and down and the resulting rapid air flow cause deformation, vibration and, finally, resonance. The bushings entering the cylinder block are also the cause of an undesirable increase in the height of the cylinder block. The air filter installed in the hole in the upper part of the cylinder block quickly fails due to the ingress of oil particles.The above mentioned disadvantages make normal operation of a hydraulic motor with high efficiency impossible.

[0008] The purpose of the utility model is to create a hydraulic engine with at least one cylinder and at least one piston, which is resistant to vibrations, reliable, has a simple design and high efficiency.

[0009] This is achieved by the fact that inside the cylinder head of the proposed piston hydraulic engine, at least one cylinder and at least one piston equipped with a cooling system, a sleeve with a head equipped with a cooling jacket is installed. The cylindrical hollow thick-walled part of the piston head, forming a working chamber, is located inside the sleeve with a head. A self-regulating air pressure valve is installed in an opening open in the upper part of the cylinder. The piston with a hollow head is made resistant to the effects of external forces.

[0010] The cause-and-effect relationship with the set of important qualities of the hydraulic engine for achieving the set goal is that, inside the cylinder head of the hydraulic engine, at least one cylinder and at least one piston equipped with a cooling system, a sleeve with a head is installed, equipped with a cooling jacket, mounted on the same central axis as the piston. The cylindrical hollow thick-walled part of the piston head, equipped with a sealing ring, is located inside the sleeve with the head, forming a working chamber. At the same time, the cooling system prevents heating of the working chamber and working parts, thermal expansion and leaks. Prevention of possible vibration is achieved by ensuring reliable stability of the sleeve with the head and the piston.The placement of an inverted truncated cone of the lower part of the piston head inside the hollow truncated cone and the execution of the lower side of the piston head of a cylindrical hollow thick-walled part in the form of an expanding arc is also aimed at preventing vibration by increasing the stability of the piston. The installation of a self-regulating air pressure valve in the opening in the upper part of the cylinder prevents an increase in air pressure that occurs during the operation of the hydraulic motor due to the heating of the working parts and maintains it at an optimal level. The high efficiency of the piston hydraulic motor with at least one cylinder and at least one piston is achieved due to the fact that the diameter of the lower part of the hollow piston head is larger than the diameter of the working chamber of a small volume.

[0011] In the proposed hydraulic engine equipped with a cooling system, at least one cylinder and at least one piston, an inverted truncated cone of a smaller height than the lower part of the piston head is placed inside a hollow truncated cone, and the lower side of the upper part of the piston head is made in the form of an expanding arc. At the same time, an opening is made along the central axis from the inverted truncated cone to the tip of the piston head. A sleeve with a head equipped with a cooling jacket mounted on the same central axis as the piston is installed inside the cylinder head. At the same time, in the upper part of the side wall of the sleeve with the head, diametrically opposite openings are made, communicating with the inlet and outlet valves. The upper part of the piston head, equipped with a sealing ring, is located inside the sleeve with the head, forming a working chamber. The liquid pump is connected to the crankshaft.In this case, the liquid pump is connected both to the liquid container and to the energy source receiver. The window in the upper part of the cylinder communicates with the sealed container. A self-regulating valve is installed in the hole open in the upper part of the cylinder. A bolt is fixed in the hole open in the piston head in the upper part of the hollow truncated cone.

[0012] The essence of the utility model is explained by the drawing: Fig. 1 / 1 shows a longitudinal section of a hydraulic engine.

[0013] Cylinder (1), piston (2), narrow hole in piston head (3), cylinder head (4), inlet and outlet valves (5), (6), cylinder liner with head (7), inlet and outlet holes in cylinder liner with head (8), (9), inlet and outlet channels (10), (11), working chamber (12), inlet and outlet chambers (13), (14), covers (15), horizontal holes in cylinder head (16), (17), window (18) and hole (19) in upper part of cylinder, self-adjusting valve (20), hole (21), bolt (22).

[0014] The proposed hydraulic engine (Fig. 1 / 1) has at least one cylinder (1) and at least one piston (2) equipped with a cooling system (not shown), a piston (2) performing reciprocating movements, equipped with sealing rings (not shown) is installed inside the cylinder (1). The lower part of the piston head (2) is made in the form of an inverted truncated cone of a smaller height placed inside a hollow truncated cone. In this case, the lower side of the cylindrical thick-walled upper part connecting the hollow piston head (2) with the energy source receiver (not shown) is made in the form of an expanding arc. A narrow opening (3) is made along the central axis from the inverted truncated cone to the top of the piston head (2). The piston (2) is connected to the crankshaft (not shown) by means of a connecting rod (not shown). The inlet and outlet valves (5), (6) are installed on the cylinder head (4).The crankshaft is connected to the camshaft (not shown) by means of a belt drive. Inside the cylinder head (4) on the same central axis with the piston (2) there is a sleeve with a head (7) of the same height, equipped with a cooling jacket (not shown). In this case, in the upper part of the side wall of the sleeve with the head (7) there are diametrically opposite openings (8), (9). Openings (8), (9) are connected with the inlet and outlet valves (5), (6) through the inlet and outlet channels (10), (11). The cylindrical thick-walled part of the piston (2), equipped with a sealing ring (not shown), is placed inside the sleeve with the head (7), forming a working chamber (12). In the upper part of the valves (5), (6), tappets (not shown) are installed, connected with a spring (not shown) and the camshaft. Valves (5), (6) are installed by means of a chamber (13), (14) created in the lower part of the cylinder head (4). Covers (15) are attached to the lower parts of the chambers (13), (14).The inlet valve (5) communicates with the energy source receiver (not shown) by means of a horizontal opening (16) open in the cylinder head (4) and a branch pipe (not shown). The outlet valve (6) communicates with the liquid container (not shown) by means of a horizontal opening (17) open in the cylinder head (4) and a branch pipe (not shown). The liquid pump (not shown) is connected to the crankshaft. In this case, the liquid pump is connected both to the liquid container and to the energy source receiver. The window (18) open in the upper part of the cylinder (1) communicates with the sealed container (not shown). A self-adjusting valve (20) is installed in the opening (19) open in the upper part of the cylinder (1). A bolt (22) is fixed in the opening (21) open in the piston head, in the upper part of the hollow truncated cone.The principle of operation of a two-stroke hydraulic engine with at least one cylinder and at least one piston is as follows: the hollow head of the piston (2) of the hydraulic engine (Fig. 1 / 1) is filled with liquid. When the head of the piston (2) is filled with liquid, the air in it comes out through the opening (21) and a bolt (22) is fixed in the opening. The piston (2) is at the top dead center (TDC). In this case, the inlet valve (5) is open and the outlet valve (6) is closed. When the receiver valve is opened, the liquid located there under high pressure enters through a pipe, a horizontal opening (16) into the cylinder head (4), a chamber (13) created in the lower part of the inlet valve (5), an inlet channel (10) and an opening (8) open in the side wall of the sleeve with the head (7), into the working chamber (12) of small volume.In this case, the high pressure created in the working chamber (12) is transmitted through a narrow opening (3) open in the piston head (2) by the liquid in the piston head (2) and pushes the piston (2) with a high pressure force toward the bottom dead center (BDC). The rapid movement of the piston (2) toward BDC is transmitted to the crankshaft by means of the connecting rod, creating a strong torque and producing mechanical energy. The high pressure created in the working chamber (12) also acts on the end of the cylindrical thick-walled part of the piston head (2), pushing the piston (2) with a high pressure force toward BDC. When the piston (2) reaches BDC, the inlet valve (5) is closed by means of a spring, while the outlet valve (6) is opened by means of the camshaft cam and the tappet. As a result of the resulting strong torque, the crankshaft, under the action of inertial force, quickly pushes the piston (2) to TDC with the help of the connecting rod.When the piston (2) quickly moves toward TDC, the liquid filling the small-volume working chamber (12) is compressed and pushed outward by the end portion of the piston head (2) and with the liquid inside the piston head. In this case, the liquid filling the piston head does not spill out. The liquid from the working chamber (12) is discharged outward through the opening (9) open in the upper part of the sleeve with the head (7), the outlet channel (11), the outlet chamber (14), the horizontal opening (17) open in the cylinder head (4), and fills the container through the pipe. When the piston (2) reaches TDC, the outlet valve (b) is closed by a spring, while the inlet valve (5) is opened by the camshaft cam and the tappet, and the liquid under high pressure is again supplied to the working chamber (12). The above process is repeated again, creating a strong torque on the crankshaft.The rapid and continuous repetition of this process ensures the operation of the hydraulic motor (Fig. 1 / 1) by at least one cylinder (1) and at least one piston (2), which ensures the continuous generation of mechanical energy and the high efficiency of the hydraulic motor (Fig. 1 / 1). The powerful torque created on the crankshaft can be transmitted to the camshaft, pump, generator and mechanisms. When the hydraulic motor (Fig. 1 / 1) is operating, the overheating of the working parts is optimally regulated by the cooling system. The liquid filling the container is fed to the receiver by means of a liquid pump connected to the crankshaft by means of a belt drive. When the piston (2) is pushed to TDC, the air located in the cylinder (1) is fed into the sealed container through the window (18) open in the upper part of the cylinder (1). When the number of cylinders (1) and pistons (2) in the hydraulic motor (Fig.1 / 1) at least one cylinder (1) and at least one piston (2) the need for a sealed container is eliminated. Since the windows (18) open in the upper part of the cylinder block (1) ensure the displacement of air.

[0015] The self-regulating valve (20), installed in the hole (19) in the upper part of the cylinder block (1), prevents the increase in air pressure due to heating of the working parts and maintains it at an optimal level.

[0016] The purpose of the utility model is to create a hydraulic engine with at least one cylinder and at least one piston, which is resistant to vibrations, reliable, has a simple design and high efficiency.

[0017] This is achieved by the fact that inside the cylinder head of the proposed piston hydraulic engine, at least one cylinder and at least one piston, equipped with a cooling system, a sleeve with a head equipped with a cooling jacket is installed. The cylindrical hollow thick-walled part of the piston head, forming a working chamber, is located inside the sleeve with a head. A self-regulating air pressure valve is installed in an opening open in the upper part of the cylinder. The piston with a hollow head is made resistant to the impact of external forces.

[0018] The cause-and-effect relationship with the set of important qualities of the hydraulic engine for achieving the set goal is that inside the cylinder head of the hydraulic engine, at least one cylinder and at least one piston equipped with a cooling system, a sleeve with a head is installed, equipped with a cooling jacket, mounted on the same central axis as the piston. The cylindrical hollow, thick-walled part of the piston head, equipped with a sealing ring is located inside the sleeve with the head, forming a working chamber. At the same time, the cooling system prevents heating of the working chamber and working parts, thermal expansion and leaks. Prevention of possible vibration is achieved by ensuring reliable stability of the sleeve with the head and the piston.The placement of the inverted truncated cone of the hollow piston head inside the truncated cone and the execution of the lower side of the cylindrical hollow thick-walled part in the form of an expanding arc are also aimed at preventing vibration by increasing the stability of the piston. The installation of a self-regulating air pressure valve in the opening in the upper part of the cylinder prevents the increase in air pressure that occurs during the operation of the hydraulic motor due to the heating of the working parts and maintains it at an optimal level. The high efficiency of the piston hydraulic motor with at least one cylinder and at least one piston is achieved due to the fact that the diameter of the lower part of the hollow piston head is larger than the diameter of the working chamber of a small volume.

[0019] The proposed hydraulic engine with at least one cylinder and at least one piston is simple, reliable, does not require complex equipment, is environmentally friendly and has a high efficiency. The hydraulic engine has positive qualities that significantly distinguish it from known engines. It is practically applicable, which allows it to be considered as a useful model.

Claims

FORMULA OF A UTILITY MODEL A hydraulic engine consisting of a cylinder, a piston with a hollow head installed inside it, a crankshaft connected to the piston by means of a connecting rod, a camshaft connected to the crankshaft, a receiver power source, inlet and outlet valves installed in the cylinder head, a window and an opening open in the upper part of the cylinder, and a working chamber, characterized in that at least one cylinder and one piston equipped with a cooling system, an inverted truncated cone of a smaller height than the lower part of the piston head is placed inside a hollow truncated cone, and the lower side of the upper part of the piston head is made in the form of an expanding arc, wherein an opening is made along the central axis from the inverted truncated cone to the tip of the piston head, a sleeve with a head equipped with a cooling jacket is installed inside the cylinder head, mounted on the same central axis as the piston,wherein in the upper part of the side wall of the sleeve with the head there are diametrically opposite openings communicating with the inlet and outlet valves, the upper part of the piston head, equipped with a sealing ring, is installed inside the sleeve with the head, forming a working chamber, the pump is connected to the crankshaft, wherein the pump is connected both to the container for liquid and to the energy source receiver, the window in the upper part of the cylinder communicates with a sealed container, a self-adjusting valve is installed in the opening open in the upper part of the cylinder, a bolt is secured in the opening open in the piston head in the upper part of the hollow truncated cone.

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