Display module and display device

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a display module and a display device. The display device comprises a display module. The display module comprises a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a second polarizer and a light-adjusting layer which are stacked in a thickness direction of the display module, wherein the liquid crystal layer is arranged on one side of the first polarizer, the second polarizer is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first polarizer, and the light-adjusting layer is arranged on the side of the second polarizer facing away from the first polarizer, and is configured to change a light exit angle of the light passing through the light-adjusting layer.

Description

Display module and display device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311682518.3 filed on December 7, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and a display device. Background Art

[0003] The folded optical path (pancake design) for VR display modules has become a mainstream optomechanical design due to its wide field of view, high resolution, and lightweight design. However, the folded optical path of VR display modules suffers from low light efficiency during the folding process. Furthermore, at wide field of view, light deviates increasingly from the vertical direction as it moves from the center of the panel toward the edge, resulting in severe ghosting and further reducing light efficiency. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a display module and a display device.

[0005] An embodiment of the present application provides a display module comprising: a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a second polarizer, and a dimming layer stacked along the thickness of the display module. The liquid crystal layer is disposed on one side of the first polarizer; the second polarizer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first polarizer; and the dimming layer is disposed on a side of either the second polarizer or the first polarizer facing away from the liquid crystal layer. The dimming layer is configured to impart an additional phase to light incident on the dimming layer, thereby altering the light's exit angle.

[0006] An embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, comprising the above-mentioned display module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0008] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a display module according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0009] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a display module according to a second embodiment of the present application;

[0010] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a display module according to a third embodiment of the present application;

[0011] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a display module according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0012] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a display module according to an embodiment of the present application that utilizes a dimming film to achieve light beam steering;

[0013] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules of a dimming film based on a PB phase according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] FIG7 is a simulation diagram of incident light modulation by a PB phase-based dimming film of a display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure numerals: 100, display module; 1, first polarizer; 2, liquid crystal layer; 3, second polarizer; 4, dimming layer; 41, third polarizer; 42, dimming film; 421, liquid crystal molecules; 5, fourth polarizer; 6, backlight layer; 7, fifth polarizer; 8, reflective layer; 200, device body; 300, driving module; X, thickness direction. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present application, "multiple" means two or more, and at least one means one, two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In the description of this application, "vertical" means completely vertical at 90° or almost completely vertical, for example, an angle within the range of 80° to 100° is considered vertical. Similarly, "parallel" means completely parallel or almost completely parallel, for example, an angle within 10° of completely parallel is considered parallel.

[0019] Applicants note that with the increasing popularity of the metaverse concept and increasing demand for interactive display device experiences, virtual / augmented reality display technologies are receiving increasing attention and research. Virtual reality (VR) technology can enhance the user's interactive experience with displayed information and is increasingly popular among consumers. Pancake light paths have become a mainstream optical machine design due to their advantages, such as a large field of view (FOV), high resolution, and lightweight VR displays. However, this technology currently suffers from the following difficulties or shortcomings:

[0020] 1. From a design perspective, the light efficiency of the Pancake light path cannot be 100% utilized during the folding process, and the actual light efficiency that can be utilized is less than 25%.

[0021] 2. The angles of the principal rays used for imaging vary across different areas of the VR optical module. The principal rays radiating from the center of the display are perpendicular to the panel surface. However, the closer to the edge of the display, the further the principal rays deviate from the vertical direction at wide field angles. This can lead to severe ghosting and further reduce lighting efficiency.

[0022] 3. Since VR displays need to be viewed at close range, in order to ensure that the image quality is not affected, the resolution of the VR display is usually required to be higher than 1000ppi, which is a major challenge for the current panel process capabilities.

[0023] 4. It is relatively difficult to improve the brightness of VR display screens by optimizing the backlight design. For edge-entry backlights, placing too many LEDs will increase the volume of the VR optical system, which is contrary to the current research direction of lightweight VR optical machines. At the same time, the light-guiding function of the light guide plate will inevitably cause large light loss. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve high-brightness design for edge-entry backlights, and direct-type backlight systems cannot achieve high-brightness design due to their complex film layer structure.

[0024] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a display module and a display device.

[0025] An embodiment of the present application provides a display module comprising a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a second polarizer, and a dimming layer stacked along the thickness direction of the display module. The liquid crystal layer is disposed on one side of the first polarizer; the second polarizer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first polarizer; the dimming layer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer or the first polarizer facing away from the liquid crystal layer; the dimming layer is configured to impart an additional phase to light incident on the dimming layer, thereby changing the light's exit angle.

[0026] In some embodiments, the dimming layer includes a third polarizer and a dimming film; the dimming film is configured to impart an additional phase to the light incident on the dimming film, so as to change an exit angle of the light.

[0027] The third polarizer is arranged on the side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the dimming film is arranged on the side of the third polarizer away from the first polarizer; or the third polarizer is arranged on the side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the dimming film is arranged on the side of the third polarizer away from the second polarizer.

[0028] In some embodiments, the dimming film includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and from the center of the display module to the edge of the display module, the emitted light of the liquid crystal molecules is inclined in a direction away from the main light of the center of the display module.

[0029] In some embodiments, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the dimming film are arranged in the form of a plurality of concentric circles, and the light-emitting chief ray angles corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules on each of the concentric circles are the same.

[0030] In some embodiments, when the third polarizer is arranged on the side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, the display module also includes a fourth polarizer and a backlight layer; the fourth polarizer is arranged on the side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer; the backlight layer is arranged on the side of the dimming film away from the third polarizer.

[0031] The display module further includes a fifth polarizer, which is disposed on a side of the second polarizer facing away from the liquid crystal layer, and is located between the second polarizer and the third polarizer.

[0032] In some embodiments, when the third polarizer is disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, the display module further includes a backlight layer, and the backlight layer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer.

[0033] The display module further includes a fifth polarizer, which is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and is located between the second polarizer and the backlight layer.

[0034] In some embodiments, the display module further includes a reflective layer, and the reflective layer is disposed on a side of the backlight layer away from the fifth polarizer.

[0035] In some embodiments, the fifth polarizer is a reflective polarizer.

[0036] The present application also provides a display device, comprising the above-mentioned display module.

[0037] In some embodiments, the display device further includes a device body and a driving module. The driving module and the display module are disposed on the device body, and the driving module is connected to the display module to drive the display module to operate.

[0038] The display module and display device of the embodiment of the present application, by providing a dimming layer in the display module, can adjust and control the emission angle of light after the light passes through the dimming layer, so that the light is emitted at a preset angle, thereby achieving the matching of the light emission angle of the display module with the main light angle of the optical machine system, thereby greatly improving the lighting efficiency; at the same time, since the main light angle is matched, the light is reduced from escaping to the non-observation area, effectively reducing stray light and thus weakening ghost images.

[0039] The display module and the display device are described in detail below. It should be noted that the description order of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1-4, the display module of the present embodiment includes a first polarizer 1, a liquid crystal layer 2, a second polarizer 3, and a dimming layer 4 stacked along the thickness direction X of the display module 100. The liquid crystal layer 2 is disposed on one side of the first polarizer 1, the second polarizer 3 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal layer 2 facing away from the first polarizer 1, and the dimming layer 4 is disposed on the side of the second polarizer 3 or the first polarizer 1 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 2. The dimming layer 4 is configured to impart an additional phase to light incident on the dimming layer 4 to change the light's exit angle.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present application, by setting a dimming layer 4 in the display module 100, an additional phase can be given to the light when the light passes through the dimming layer 4 to change the light emission angle, so that the light is emitted at a preset angle, thereby achieving the matching of the light emission angle of the display module 100 with the main light angle of the optical machine system, thereby greatly improving the lighting efficiency.

[0042] The present application adjusts the emitting angle of light by giving the light an additional phase, thereby adjusting the light from a physical optical perspective without affecting the thickness of the display module 100, thereby avoiding increasing the weight of the VR device.

[0043] Specifically, the display module 100 of the embodiment of the present application, through the provision of the dimming layer 4, can control the light-emitting angle of each point on the display module 100 according to the light-emitting angle of the principal ray of the light adapted to different positions by the VR optical machine, thereby matching the light-emitting angle of the display module 100 with the designed principal ray angle of the VR optical system. It should be noted that the Pancake VR optical machine has a great demand for a high-collimation light source that adapts the object-side light emission angle to the principal ray angle of its optical system. It can not only reduce the light scattered to the non-observation area, maximize energy utilization efficiency and reduce ghost images, but also improve the on-axis brightness and optimize the imaging quality.

[0044] Of course, since VR displays require close viewing, a higher resolution is usually required for the display module 100. Therefore, in specific embodiments, a liquid crystal display is often used for display. Therefore, the display module 100 of the embodiment of the present application includes a liquid crystal layer 2, and a first polarizer 1 and a second polarizer 3 are respectively provided on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 2 along the thickness direction X of the display module 100. Specifically, the first polarizer 1 and the second polarizer 3 can be upper and lower polarizers in specific embodiments, which are used to polarize and filter light entering and exiting the liquid crystal layer 2 to reduce stray light interference.

[0045] It should also be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the first polarizer 1 can be an upper polarizer, and the second polarizer 3 can be a lower polarizer. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application sets the dimming layer 4 to be located on the side of the second polarizer 3 away from the liquid crystal layer 2. At this time, the dimming layer 4 can be located on the side of the lower polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer 2. At this time, the dimming layer 4 is located on the light-incident side of the liquid crystal layer 2, and is used to first deflect the light emitted by the backlight according to a preset angle, and then pass through the polarizer and liquid crystal layer 2 and other components to achieve control of the light emission angle. Of course, another embodiment of the present application sets the dimming layer 4 to be located on the side of the first polarizer 1 away from the liquid crystal layer 2. At this time, the first polarizer 1 can be an upper polarizer. Correspondingly, the dimming layer 4 is located on the light-emitting side of the liquid crystal layer 2, and performs a final deflection on the light emitted by the liquid crystal layer 2 to achieve control of the angle position of the light at the final light emission.

[0046] In addition, it should be noted that the display module 100 also includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate (not shown in the figure). The color filter substrate can be arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 2 away from the array substrate. The color filter substrate can also be arranged in a COA (Color Filter on Array) manner (specifically refers to a method of arranging the color filter material on the pixel electrode through specific process steps when manufacturing the color filter substrate). The specific setting position can be adjusted as needed and will not be repeated here.

[0047] In some embodiments, the dimming layer 4 includes a third polarizer 41 and a dimming film 42. The dimming film 42 is configured to impart an additional phase to light incident on the dimming film 42 to change the light's exit angle. The third polarizer 41 is disposed on the side of the first polarizer 1 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the dimming film 42 is disposed on the side of the third polarizer 41 facing away from the first polarizer 1. Alternatively, the third polarizer 41 can be disposed on the side of the second polarizer 3 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the dimming film 42 can be disposed on the side of the third polarizer 41 facing away from the second polarizer 3.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, the light output angle is adjusted by setting a dimming film 42. It should be noted that the dimming film 42 in the embodiment of the present application needs to meet the half-wave condition to achieve the adjustment of the rotation direction of the light. Therefore, the dimming film 42 in the embodiment of the present application mainly adjusts circular polarization, and the light emitted from the dimming film 42 is still circular polarization, but the incident light and the output light have opposite rotation directions, and the liquid crystal layer 2 and the first polarizer 1 and the second polarizer 3 all transmit linear polarization (that is, the liquid crystal layer 2 and the upper polarizer and the lower polarizer all transmit linear polarization), and the second polarizer 3 and the first polarizer 1 respectively perform polarization filtering on the light. Therefore, a third polarizer 41 is set between the dimming film 42 and the first polarizer 1 or the second polarizer 3, and the third polarizer 41 can be a quarter-wave plate. Correspondingly, when the dimming film 42 is located on the side of the third polarizer 41 facing away from the second polarizer 3, the dimming film 42 is located on the light-incident side of the liquid crystal layer 2. The circularly polarized light after the dimming film 42 adjusts the light output angle needs to pass through the third polarizer 41 for polarization, converting the circular polarization into linear polarization, and then enters the liquid crystal layer 2 for display. When the dimming film 42 is set on the side of the third polarizer 41 facing away from the first polarizer 1, the dimming film 42 is located on the light-outgoing side of the liquid crystal layer 2. The linear polarization emitted by the liquid crystal layer 2 passes through the upper polarizer and enters the third polarizer 41 (quarter-wave plate). The third polarizer 41 converts the linear polarization into circular polarization that can be adjusted by the dimming film 42. The dimming film 42 adjusts the light output angle of the circular polarization to adapt to the VR light machine.

[0049] In some embodiments, the dimming film 42 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 421 . From the center to the edge of the display module 100 , the emitted light of the liquid crystal molecules 421 is tilted toward the direction of the main light away from the center of the display module 100 .

[0050] It should be noted that the VR optical machine uses different light angles for imaging in different areas, and specifically, the main light ray emitted from the center of the display module 100 is perpendicular to the panel surface, and the closer to the edge of the display module 100, the more the main light ray corresponding to a large field of view angle will deviate from the vertical direction. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the steering of the liquid crystal molecules 421 of the dimming film 42, the main light ray of the outgoing light of the liquid crystal molecules 421 is made to gradually tilt toward the direction of the main light ray away from the center of the display module 100 from the center of the display module 100 to the edge of the display module 100. The farther away from the center of the display module 100, the greater the deflection angle of the corresponding liquid crystal molecules 421, that is, the greater the deviation angle of the main light ray of the outgoing light of the liquid crystal molecules 421 relative to the main light ray in the center of the display module 100.

[0051] Specifically, the dimming film 42 of the present embodiment can be an LC / PB / HOE dimming film 42 manufactured using processes such as holographic exposure and laser direct writing, and possesses beam steering capabilities and polarization response. LC represents liquid crystal molecules 421, PB represents the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) principle, and HOE represents a holographic optical element. In other words, the dimming film 42 of the present embodiment is a holographic optical film composed of multiple liquid crystal molecules 421 based on the PB principle.

[0052] It is understood that the dimming film 42 of the embodiment of the present application has multiple liquid crystal molecules 421 distributed therein for modulating the light passing therethrough. Based on the liquid crystal molecules 421 of the PB phase principle, during the production of the dimming film 42, depending on the different principal ray angles of the VR optical engine design, in order to match the light output angle of the display module 100 with the VR optical engine, a liquid crystal dimming film 42 with different phase distributions can be simply designed to meet the requirements of optical engines of different designs. Therefore, the dimming film 42 of the display module 100 of the embodiment of the present application can be flexibly customized according to the VR optical engines of different embodiments.

[0053] It should also be noted that this application is based on the PB phase principle. When the VR light engine's principal ray angle is known, the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 421 in the dimming film 42 is set accordingly. The liquid crystal molecules 421 add an additional phase to the incident light based on their specific deflection angle, thereby changing the exit angle of the exiting light, thereby achieving different light output angles. The dimming film 42 includes multiple liquid crystal molecules 421, each of which can be adjusted and designed accordingly based on the light output angle requirements of a specific position, thereby meeting the light output angle requirements and improving light efficiency.

[0054] The present application realizes physical dimming by setting a dimming film 42 to add an additional phase to the incident light. Compared with dimming using geometric structures such as lenses, the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 421 can be arbitrarily controlled, the light control effect is easier to control and implement, the design freedom is higher, and the transmittance is high. At the same time, the dimming film 42 performs physical optical dimming through the additional phase, and its wavefront aberration is small, which can effectively improve the display quality.

[0055] Furthermore, the principle of light beam steering achieved by the dimming film 42 in the present application is shown in FIG5 . As can be seen in the figure, after a vertically incident light beam passes through the dimming film 42, the polarization of the liquid crystal molecules 421 at point B imparts an additional phase dφ to the light beam, making BC an isophase plane. This is equivalent to the dimming film 42 at point B causing the light beam to travel the optical path from point A to point C. Based on the trigonometric relationship, the phase that the dimming film 42 should impart to the incident light at each position can be obtained based on the different radius r and deflection angle θ of each point on the dimming film 42. The specific calculation formula is:

[0056] .

[0057] The principle of assigning phase to light using the PB phase principle is as follows: the Jones matrix of a plane optical device with a rotating surface polarization element (microstructure, liquid crystal molecules) can be expressed as:

[0058] .

[0059] Where t represents transmission, x and y represent the polarization directions of light, txx represents the relationship between the incident polarization component in the x direction and the polarization component in the x direction after transmission, and tyy represents the relationship between the incident polarization component in the y direction and the polarization component in the y direction after transmission.

[0060] Where R is the rotation matrix:

[0061] .

[0062] When a beam of right-handed light is vertically incident on the plane optical element, according to the principle of Jones matrix, the outgoing light can be expressed as:

[0063] .

[0064] It can be seen that when txx and tyy have a phase difference of π, all the right-handed light in the outgoing light disappears, leaving only the left-handed light, and the polarization conversion rate is 100%. In addition, the left-handed light has a phase increase of 2θ compared to the incident light. Therefore, the desired phase can be obtained by simply rotating the liquid crystal molecules by a certain angle.

[0065] The arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules on the dimming film 42 is selected based on the main light angle requirement after the VR optical machine design is completed, the deflection requirement of the light output angle of each point of the display module 100 is obtained, the phase distribution of the dimming film 42 is calculated, and then the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 421 of the dimming film 42 is obtained.

[0066] It should also be noted that the liquid crystal molecules of the dimming film 42 of the present application can be made of different liquid crystal materials, and different liquid crystal materials have different refractive indices. At the same time, the dimming film 42 converts circularly polarized light into circularly polarized light opposite to the original direction, which is equivalent to the dimming film needing to meet the half-wave condition. Different liquid crystal materials have different thicknesses due to their different refractive indices and incident wavelengths. Based on the control of the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules 421, parameters such as the refractive index of the liquid crystal material and the thickness of the dimming film 42 will also affect the direction and intensity of the light outcoupling. Therefore, it is also possible to screen the liquid crystal material and select a liquid crystal material with a suitable refractive index, and then the thickness of the dimming film 42 can be adjusted accordingly, so that the direction and intensity of the light outcoupling can be more accurately controlled.

[0067] After the chief ray angle of the VR optical machine design is given, in order to meet the design when the screen output light matches the VR chief ray angle, the phase corresponding to each radius value of the dimming film can be calculated using formula (1) and a fitting curve can be obtained. Then, the rotation angle of the liquid crystal molecules based on the PB phase principle can be calculated through the relationship between the phase distribution and the molecular rotation angle. Subsequently, holographic exposure, laser direct writing and other processes are used to produce a dimming film 42 with beam steering capability and polarization response that meets the design curve of the VR optical machine chief ray angle.

[0068] The arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 421 of the dimming film 42 in one embodiment is shown in Figure 6. The liquid crystal molecules 421 on the dimming film 42 are arranged in the form of multiple concentric circles, and the liquid crystal molecules 421 on each circle correspond to the same main ray angle. To verify the modulation effect of the PB phase on the incident light, simulation was performed using COMSOL. As shown in Figure 7, when the surface refractive index distribution of the dimming film 42 structure is given as (f-sqrt(f^2+x^2+y^2))*π / λ, it can be seen that it can deflect parallel incident light. Therefore, the dimming film 42 with different phase distributions can be designed according to the specific design of the main ray angle of the optical machine to meet the needs of VR optical machine use.

[0069] As shown in Figure 1, in the first embodiment, the display module 100 includes a first polarizer 1, a liquid crystal layer 2, a second polarizer 3 and a dimming layer 4 stacked along the thickness direction X of the display module 100; the liquid crystal layer 2 is arranged on one side of the first polarizer 1, the second polarizer 3 is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 2 away from the first polarizer 1, and the dimming layer 4 is arranged on the side of the second polarizer 3 away from the liquid crystal layer 2; the dimming layer 4 includes a third polarizer 41 and a dimming film 42, the third polarizer 41 is arranged on the side of the second polarizer 3 away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the dimming film 42 is arranged on the side of the third polarizer 41 away from the second polarizer 3. The display module 100 also includes a fourth polarizer 5 and a backlight layer 6, the fourth polarizer 5 is arranged on the side of the first polarizer 1 away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the backlight layer 6 is arranged on the side of the dimming film 42 away from the third polarizer 41.

[0070] In this embodiment, the dimming layer 4 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the backlight layer 6 . In this case, light first passes through the dimming layer 4 and then exits through the polarizer and the liquid crystal layer 2 .

[0071] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the backlight layer 6 emits circularly polarized light of a non-single handedness. The PB phase is polarization-selective for the incident light, and can only steer incident light of one handedness. For example, in the figure, the left-handed circularly polarized light (L light) emitted by the backlight layer 6 is steered by the dimming film 42. This steered left-handed circularly polarized light then passes through the third polarizer 41 (a quarter-wave plate) and is converted into longitudinal linear polarized light (P light). This longitudinal linear polarized light is emitted at an angle that matches the chief ray angle of the VR optical machine, and sequentially passes through the second polarizer 3, the liquid crystal layer 2, and the first polarizer 1 before entering the fourth polarizer 5 for further polarization. It should be noted that the fourth polarizer 5 can be a quarter-wave plate. After being polarization-filtered by the first polarizer 1, the longitudinal linear polarized light reaches the fourth polarizer 5, where it is converted back into left-handed circularly polarized light and exits the display module 100. At the same time, the undeflected right-handed circularly polarized light (such as the R light in Figure 1) is converted into transverse linear polarized light (such as the S light in Figure 1) by the third polarizer 41, and then reaches the second polarizer 3 and is absorbed by the second polarizer 3. Therefore, in this embodiment, the non-single circularly polarized light emitted by the backlight passes through the dimming film 42, and the left-handed circularly polarized light is adjusted in angle before being emitted and entering the third polarizer 41 for conversion into linear polarized light. The longitudinal linear polarized light then passes through the second polarizer 3, the liquid crystal layer 2, the first polarizer 1, and enters the fourth polarizer 5. It is then converted back into circularly polarized light by the fourth polarizer 5 and used by the VR optical machine.

[0072] This embodiment sets a dimming layer 4 on the light-emitting side of the backlight layer 6, and the fourth polarizer 5 is set on the side of the dimming film 42 away from the backlight layer 6. It can directly adjust the angle of light on the light-incident side of the liquid crystal layer 2. The subsequent multiple polarizers and liquid crystal layer 2 will only further polarize or transmit the light, but will no longer change the light-emitting angle. Therefore, it can achieve light emission at a preset angle to meet the use requirements of the VR optical machine.

[0073] As shown in FIG2 , the second embodiment of the present application is based on the first embodiment, and the display module further includes a fifth polarizer 7. The fifth polarizer 7 is disposed on the side of the second polarizer 3 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the fifth polarizer 7 is located between the second polarizer 3 and the third polarizer 41. Furthermore, the fifth polarizer 7 is a reflective polarizer.

[0074] Specifically, as shown in FIG2 , in the embodiment of the present application, the fifth polarizer 7 is disposed between the third polarizer and the second polarizer 3 and is bonded to the second polarizer 3. At this point, the longitudinal linear polarized light polarized by the third polarizer 41 smoothly passes through the fifth polarizer 7 and enters the second polarizer 3, and is ultimately emitted to the outside of the display module 100. However, the corresponding transverse linear polarized light converted by the third polarizer 41 is reflected by the fifth polarizer 7 back to the third polarizer 41, and is again converted into right-handed circularly polarized light by the third polarizer 41. It then passes through the dimming film 42 and returns to the backlight layer 6, where it can be reused, effectively reducing energy consumption.

[0075] As shown in Figure 3, the display module 100 of the third embodiment of the present application includes a first polarizer 1, a liquid crystal layer 2, a second polarizer 3 and a dimming layer 4 stacked along the thickness direction X of the display module 100; the liquid crystal layer 2 is arranged on one side of the first polarizer 1, the second polarizer 3 is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 2 away from the first polarizer 1, and the dimming layer 4 is arranged on the side of the first polarizer 1 away from the liquid crystal layer 2; the dimming layer 4 includes a third polarizer 41 and a dimming film 42, the third polarizer 41 is arranged on the side of the first polarizer 1 away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the dimming film 42 is arranged on the side of the third polarizer 41 away from the first polarizer 1. The display module 100 also includes a backlight layer 6, which is arranged on the side of the second polarizer 3 away from the liquid crystal layer 2.

[0076] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the dimming layer 4 is arranged at the light-emitting surface of the display module 100. At this time, the dimming layer 4 uses the dimming film 42 to make the final angle adjustment on the light emitted by the display module 100, so that the light-emitting angle is precisely controlled, further improving the accuracy of the light-emitting angle control.

[0077] Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, the light emitted by the backlight layer 6 is non-single polarized linear polarized light, and the non-single polarized linear polarized light directly enters the second polarizer 3 for stray light filtering, wherein the longitudinal linear polarized light (such as P light in the figure) passes through the second polarizer 3 smoothly, and the transverse linear polarized light (S light in the figure) is absorbed by the second polarizer 3, and then the longitudinal linear polarized light continues to pass through the liquid crystal layer 2 to reach the first polarizer 1 for further polarization filtering, and then the longitudinal linear polarized light passing through the first polarizer 1 enters the third polarizer 41 for polarization conversion into right-handed circular polarized light (such as R light in the figure). The right-handed circular polarized light can be adjusted by the dimming film 42 so that the light is deflected and emitted at a predetermined angle, thereby achieving effective control of the angle of the light emitted by the display module 100.

[0078] Furthermore, as shown in FIG4 , the display module 100 of the fourth embodiment of the present application, based on the third embodiment, further includes a fifth polarizer 7. The fifth polarizer 7 is disposed on the side of the second polarizer 3 facing away from the liquid crystal layer 2, and the fifth polarizer 7 is located between the second polarizer 3 and the backlight layer 6. Furthermore, the fifth polarizer 7 is a reflective polarizer.

[0079] In this embodiment, the fifth polarizer 7 is positioned between the backlight layer 6 and the second polarizer 3, and is bonded to the second polarizer 3. The non-single-polarized linear light emitted by the backlight layer 6 directly enters the fifth polarizer 7. The longitudinal linear polarized light is transmitted by the fifth polarizer 7, while the transverse linear polarized light is directly reflected back to the backlight layer 6. This facilitates the reuse of the backlight layer 6 and effectively reduces energy consumption. After passing through the fifth polarizer 7, the longitudinal linear polarized light is first polarization-filtered by the second polarizer 3 to further filter out excess stray light. After passing through the second polarizer 3, the longitudinal linear polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 2 and enters the first polarizer 1 for further polarization filtering. It is then converted to left-handed circularly polarized light by the third polarizer 41 (as shown in Figure 4). Finally, it passes through the dimming film 42 to be converted to right-handed circularly polarized light and emitted for use in the VR optical machine.

[0080] In some embodiments, the display module 100 further includes a reflective layer 8 , which is disposed on a side of the backlight layer 6 away from the fifth polarizer 7 .

[0081] In an embodiment of the present application, a reflective layer 8 is provided on the side of the backlight layer 6 facing away from the fifth polarizer 7. At this time, the light emitted by the backlight layer 6 can be emitted toward the side of the backlight layer 6 facing away from the reflective layer 8. At the same time, the light reflected back to the backlight layer 6 by the fifth polarizer 7 can be further reflected and reused as the outgoing light of the backlight layer 6 and emitted in the form of non-polarized light, thereby effectively improving the light efficiency.

[0082] Accordingly, the display device of the embodiment of the present application includes a display module 100 as described in any of the above embodiments. The display device also includes a device body 200 and a driver module 300. The driver module 300 and the display module 100 are disposed in the device body 200, and the driver module 300 is connected to the display module 100 to drive the display module 100. It is understood that the display device can have all the technical features and technical effects of the display module 100, and will not be repeated here.

[0083] The display device of the embodiment of the present application may be a near-eye display device such as VR glasses.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0085] The above is a detailed introduction to a display module and a display device provided in the embodiments of the present application, and specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solutions and core ideas of the present application; ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A display module, comprising: The first polarizer; A liquid crystal layer, disposed on one side of the first polarizer; A second polarizer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first polarizer; as well as A dimming layer, disposed on a side of the second polarizer or the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer; Among them, the first polarizer, the liquid crystal layer, the second polarizer and the dimming layer are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module; the dimming layer is configured to give an additional phase to the light entering the dimming layer to change the light emission angle of the light.

2. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: The dimming layer includes a third polarizer and a dimming film; the dimming film is configured to give an additional phase to the light incident on the dimming film to change the light emission angle of the light; as well as The third polarizer is disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the dimming film is disposed on a side of the third polarizer away from the first polarizer; or, The third polarizer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the dimming film is disposed on a side of the third polarizer away from the second polarizer.

3. The display module according to claim 2, wherein: The dimming film includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and from the center of the display module to the edge of the display module, the emitted light of the liquid crystal molecules is inclined in the direction of the main light away from the center of the display module.

4. The display module according to claim 3, wherein: The plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the dimming film are arranged in the form of a plurality of concentric circles, and the light-emitting chief ray angles corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules on each of the concentric circles are the same.

5. The display module according to claim 3, wherein: When the third polarizer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, the display module further includes: a fourth polarizer, disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer; and The backlight layer is arranged on a side of the dimming film away from the third polarizer.

6. The display module according to claim 5, wherein: A fifth polarizer is also included. The fifth polarizer is arranged on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the fifth polarizer is located between the second polarizer and the third polarizer.

7. The display module according to claim 3, wherein: When the third polarizer is disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, the display module further includes a backlight layer, and the backlight layer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer.

8. The display module according to claim 7, wherein: The invention also includes a fifth polarizer, which is arranged on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and is located between the second polarizer and the backlight layer.

9. The display module according to claim 6 or 8, wherein: It also includes a reflective layer, which is arranged on a side of the backlight layer away from the fifth polarizer.

10. The display module according to claim 6 or 8, wherein: The fifth polarizer is a reflective polarizer.

11. A display device, comprising a display module, wherein: The display module comprises: The first polarizer; A liquid crystal layer, disposed on one side of the first polarizer; A second polarizer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first polarizer; and A dimming layer, disposed on a side of the second polarizer or the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer; Among them, the first polarizer, the liquid crystal layer, the second polarizer and the dimming layer are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module; the dimming layer is configured to give an additional phase to the light entering the dimming layer to change the light emission angle of the light.

12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein: The dimming layer includes a third polarizer and a dimming film; the dimming film is configured to give an additional phase to the light incident on the dimming film to change the light emission angle of the light; as well as The third polarizer is disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the dimming film is disposed on a side of the third polarizer away from the first polarizer; or, The third polarizer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the dimming film is disposed on a side of the third polarizer away from the second polarizer.

13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein: The dimming film includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and from the center of the display module to the edge of the display module, the emitted light of the liquid crystal molecules is inclined in the direction of the main light away from the center of the display module.

14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein: The plurality of liquid crystal molecules of the dimming film are arranged in the form of a plurality of concentric circles, and the light-emitting chief ray angles corresponding to the liquid crystal molecules on each of the concentric circles are the same.

15. The display device according to claim 13, wherein: When the third polarizer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, the display module further includes: a fourth polarizer, disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer; and The backlight layer is arranged on a side of the dimming film away from the third polarizer.

16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein: The display module further includes a fifth polarizer, which is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and is located between the second polarizer and the third polarizer.

17. The display device according to claim 13, wherein: When the third polarizer is disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, the display module further includes a backlight layer, and the backlight layer is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer.

18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein: The display module further includes a fifth polarizer, which is disposed on a side of the second polarizer away from the liquid crystal layer, and is located between the second polarizer and the backlight layer.

19. The display device according to claim 16 or 18, wherein: The display module further includes a reflective layer, and the reflective layer is arranged on a side of the backlight layer away from the fifth polarizer.

20. The display device according to claim 16 or 18, wherein: The fifth polarizer is a reflective polarizer.

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