Transmission of TSC stream via TSN enabled tn
By initiating a listener join procedure for the new network device during handovers within a TSN enabled TN, the apparatus ensures seamless and deterministic communication for TSC streams, addressing the challenges of handover procedures in existing technologies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/138947
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
The existing technologies face challenges in efficiently handling handovers of terminal devices receiving Time Sensitive Communication (TSC) streams within a Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN), particularly during handover procedures where deterministic and low-latency communication is critical.
The solution involves an apparatus for controlling a PDU session that determines when a terminal device is to be handed over from one network device to another within a TSN enabled TN. It initiates a listener join procedure to configure the new network device as a listener of the TN stream transformed from the TSC stream by the User Plane Function (UPF).
This approach ensures seamless handover of TSC streams by maintaining deterministic and low-latency communication, reducing the likelihood of bottlenecks in configuring network resources and scheduling information for new TN paths.
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Figure CN2023138947_19062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSMISSION OF TSC STREAM VIA TSN ENABLED TNFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communications and in particular, to methods, apparatuses, and a computer readable storage medium for transmitting a time sensitive communications (TSC) stream via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Time Sensitive Communication (TSC) was introduced as an essential part of Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC) in release 16 (R16) of the third generation partnership project (3GPP) , and native TSC was introduced to provide deterministic transmission capability without relying on TSN specific functions in release 17 (R17) .
[0003] A new work item was approved in 3GPP release 18 (R18) , which is entitled “5G timing resiliency and TSC &URLLC enhancements” . An essential part of this work contains to study mechanisms to use a TSN Transport Network for N3 data exchange between a radio access network (RAN) and a user plane function (UPF) , in order to support a better end-to-end determinism and low latency communication. Specifically, a downlink (DL) may be transmitted from the UPF to a terminal device, such as a moving object. However, in case a handover of the terminal device occurs, details of the transmission are needed to be further studied.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided an apparatus for controlling a PDU session. The apparatus comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions of a sensing management function, wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) to a user plane function (UPF) ; and initiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions of a sensing management function, wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to perform: receiving, from a UPF via a TSN enabled TN, at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one TSC stream; and based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining, at an apparatus for controlling a PDU session comprising at least one TSC stream, that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a TSN enabled TN to a UPF; and initiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a network device from a UPF via a TSN enabled TN, at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one TSC stream; and based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for determining, at an apparatus for controlling a PDU session comprising at least one TSC stream, that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a TSN enabled TN to a UPF; and means for initiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a network device from a UPF via a TSN enabled TN, at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one TSC stream; and based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: determining circuitry configured to determine, at an apparatus for controlling a PDU session comprising at least one TSC stream, that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a TSN enabled TN to a UPF; and initiating circuitry configured to initiate a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: receiving circuitry configured to receive, at a network device from a UPF via a TSN enabled TN, at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one TSC stream; and discarding circuitry configured to based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discard the received at least one TN stream.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method in a third or fourth aspect.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least the method in a third or fourth aspect.
[0015] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0017] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 1B illustrates an example handover schematic in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0019] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a procedure in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 3A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 210 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 3B illustrates an example flow of the TSC stream of the operation 210 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 4 illustrates an example listener join procedure in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 5A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 250 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5B illustrates an example flow of the TSC stream of the operation 250 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 6A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 260 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 6B illustrates an example flow of the TSC stream of the operation 260 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 7 illustrates an example listener leave procedure in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 8A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 290 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 8B illustrates an example flow of the TSC stream of the operation 290 as shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a procedure for N2-based handover in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIGS. 10A-10E illustrate some example flows of the TSC stream in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 11 illustrates an example schematic of a concept in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at an apparatus for controlling a PDU session in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0036] FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0037] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0039] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0040] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0041] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0042] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0043] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0044] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) ;
[0045] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0046] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware, and
[0047] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions; and
[0048] (c) hardware circuit (s) and / or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0049] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0050] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Non-terrestrial network (NTN) , IoT over NTN, Wi-Fi and so on. Furthermore, the communications in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, institute of electrical and electronic engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocols and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0051] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a new radio (NR) NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0052] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0053] TSC, in 3GPP release 16 (R16) , utilizes TSN features in fully centralized model, where the 5G system (5GS) acts as a Layer 2 (L2) bridge in a TSN network and supports TSN streams as periodic deterministic time-sensitive Ethernet traffic flows. A centralized network configuration (CNC) collects TSN stream requirements from centralized user configuration (CUC) , schedules TSN streams, and configures each bridge, including the 5GS bridge, along the determined path. For 5GS Bridge, TSN application function (AF) receives TSN stream configurations from the CNC. Respective per-stream filtering and policing (PSFP) information is used to derive TSC assistance container (TSCAC) , which contains flow direction, periodicity, and burst arrival time (BAT) . Since 3GPP release 17 (R17) , 5GS has defined generic enablers for native TSC and TSN. Exposure for TSC service can support both Ethernet and IP traffic. AF can request a service with certain quality of service (QoS) requirement as well as specific time synchronization option. A network function (NF) time sensitive communication and time synchronization function (TSCTSF) is introduced to take care of time synchronization, individual QoS parameters, and TSC assistance information (TSCAI) determination. In a related study item in 3GPP release 18 (R18) , it is proposed to study mechanisms to use a TSN Transport Network for N3 data exchange between the (R) AN and the UPF.
[0054] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Specifically, the system 100 illustrates an exemplary architecture selected by 3GPP SA2 group to study the support of a TSN enabled TN for N3 communication.
[0055] The 5G System is integrated with the external network as a TSN bridge. This "logical" TSN bridge includes TSN Translator functionality for interoperation between TSN Systems and 5G System both for user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) . 5GS TSN translator functionality consists of Device-side TSN translator (DS-TT) and Network-side TSN translator (NW-TT) . 5GS specific procedures in 5GC and RAN, wireless communication links, etc. remain hidden from the TSN network. To achieve such transparency to the TSN network and the 5GS to appear as any other TSN Bridge, the 5GS provides TSN ingress and egress ports via DS-TT and NW-TT.
[0056] The 5G System Architecture contains the following reference points: (1) N1: Reference point between the UE (or DS-TT) 110 and the access and mobility management function (AMF) . (2) N2: Reference point between the (R) AN 120 and the AMF. (3) N3: Reference point between the (R) AN 120 and the UPF (or NW-TT) 130. (4) N4: Reference point between the session management function (SMF) and the UPF 130. It is to be understood that some more reference points may be included in the 5G System Architecture, which are not shown in FIG. 1A.
[0057] The interworking is applicable when the transport network deploys the fully centralized (FC) configuration model. In this scenario, a TSN TN 101 is deployed to realize the N3 interface between (R) AN 120 and UPF 130. From the perspective of the TSN TN 101, (R) AN 120 and UPF 130 act as End Stations of the TSN TN 101.
[0058] When the 5GS supports interworking with IEEE TSN deployed in the transport network, the CUC that is collocated with SMF interworks with the CNC in the transport network (TN CNC) 102. The SMF / CUC 140 provides the stream requirements on QoS Flow basis (i.e. translated Talker group and Listener group information) via the User / Network-Interface (UNI) to the TN CNC 102. The TN CNC 102 uses the stream requirements as input to configure respective path (s) in TSN TN. Based on the results, the TN CNC 102 provides a Status group that contains the end station communication-configuration back to the SMF / CUC 140.
[0059] It is to be appreciated that although FIG. 1A is illustrated with reference to a fully centralized (FC) configuration model, some other configuration models are also applied, e.g., a fully distributed configuration model, or a centralized network / distributed user configuration model. In some implementations, a link-local registration protocol (LRP) , a resource allocation protocol (RAP) , a stream reservation protocol (SRP) , or another protocol defined in the future, etc. may be used. For ease of description, some example embodiments discussed below are provided in the context of FC configuration model, but they can also be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0060] A further reduction of the 5GS internal latency is expected when a TSN TN is provided to the N3 interface. This will not only reduce the delay for TSC streams in the CN but also optimizes the use of (R) AN resources when the TSC streams are provided in a deterministic way. To exploit the benefits of the TSN TN to TSC streams, the 5GS is required to provide for each TSC stream the relevant traffic requirements to the TSN TN. The TSN TN uses the TSC stream requirements to: calculate the path (s) and reservation of Network Resources between (R) AN and UPF / NW-TT; configure the TSN Bridges in the TSN Transport Network; and finally provide the communication-configuration information for the TSN stream in the TN to 5GS.
[0061] For a downlink traffic (e.g., a TSC stream) from the UPF to the UE, the UPF may act as talker end station and the base station in the (R) AN may act as listener end station, and the UPF may transform the TSC stream into a TN stream. The control plane (e.g., the SMF / CUC shown in FIG. 1A) that acts on behalf of UPF and base station may initiate for TN stream the path calculation and stream scheduling in the TSN TN.
[0062] In some scenarios, a handover (HO) of the UE may be required. For example, in industrial internet of things (I-IoT) use cases, an automated guided vehicle (AGV) , platooning, a moving robot, etc. may be handed over among different base stations.
[0063] FIG. 1B illustrates an example handover schematic 150. Assuming a TSC stream 151 is to be transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110, and the UE 110 is to be handed over from a first BS 121 (i.e., BS1) to a second BS 122 (i.e., BS2) , e.g., due to a mobility of the UE 110. For example, the UE 110 may be moving along a moving direction. The first BS 121 (i.e., BS1) may be referred to as a source BS (S-BS) and the second BS 122 (i.e., BS2) may be referred to as a target BS (T-BS) .
[0064] When the UE 110 is connected to the first BS 121 (i.e., BS1) , the TSC stream is transformed into a TN stream AA from the UPF 130 to the BS1 121. When the UE 110 is handed over to the second BS 122 (i.e., BS2) , e.g. when the UE 110 has established the wireless connection to the second BS 122 (BS2) , the TSC stream is transformed into a TN stream AB from the UPF 130 to the BS2 122.
[0065] There are HO requirements defined by 3GPP and IEEE 802.1 requirements on TSN for the TN.
[0066] · 3GPP requirements on HO: 3GPP has introduced the general packet radio service (GPRS) tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) to transfer packets of a PDU session between UPF and BS at N3 interface. Based on this protocol, the HO procedure with the HO preparation phase and HO execution phase were defined to fulfill the specific requirements on HO. Beside seamless continuity of DL traffic during the HO procedure, a fast switch-over from the UPF and S-BS path to the UPF and T-BS path is necessary to guarantee a successful HO.
[0067] · IEEE 802.1 requirements on TSN: Traffic which is transmitted via a TSN is classified either as stream or non-stream type. TSN offers, especially for stream type traffic, additional functions like PSFP, scheduling, and cyclic queuing and forwarding (CQF) to guarantee a deterministic behavior within the TSN.
[0068] However, the 3GPP requirements on HO are not aligned with the IEEE 802.1 requirements on TSN TN. For example, while 3GPP requirements on HO expects a fast path establishment between UPF and T-BS during the HO procedure, IEEE 802.1 has defined that the path calculation and stream scheduling are not time critical. In this event, how to handle the handover of the UE without violating the communication requirements is needed to be further studied.
[0069] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN during a HO procedure of a terminal device. In the solution, an apparatus for controlling a PDU session, such as the SMF / CUC, may determine that a terminal device is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device which are connected to a UPF via TSN enabled TN. The apparatus may further initiate a listener join procedure to configure the second network device as a listener of a TN stream in the TSN enabled TN. As such, both the first network device and the second network device are listeners during the HO procedure, and there is a short time duration in which the UPF may need to separate TN paths to both the first network device and the second network device. Therefore, the TN paths can be established without introduction of bottle necks that relate to a configuration of resources for the TN paths and scheduling information of the TN streams. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0070] For ease of description, the first network device refers to a source access network device during a handover procedure, which may be a source base station, such as a source gNB. In the following embodiments, the first network device may be discussed with reference to BS1. For ease of description, the second network device refers to a target access network device during a handover procedure, which may be a target base station, such as a target gNB. In the following embodiments, the second network device may be discussed with reference to BS2. The terminal device refers to a moving UE which will handed over from BS1 to BS2, for example, the terminal device may be an AGV in an industrial automation (IA) use case. In the following embodiments, the terminal device may be discussed with reference to UE.
[0071] The apparatus for controlling a PDU session refers to a function in 5GS e.g. control plane. In the following embodiments, the apparatus for controlling a PDU session may be discussed with reference to SMF or CUC (SMF / CUC) . The following embodiments also involve a UPF, which may be replaced by another function at user plane in some other implementations.
[0072] The TSN enabled TN may deploy a fully centralized configuration model, a fully distributed configuration model, or a centralized network / distributed user configuration model. For ease of description, in the following embodiments, the TSN enabled TN is discussed with reference to a fully centralized configuration model, for example, a TN CNC may be involved.
[0073] In the present disclosure, the PDU session may include one or more TSC streams, each TSC stream may be in any traffic type. For example, the TSC stream may be a TSN stream e.g. defined in R16. For example, the TSC stream may be a native TSC stream e.g. defined in R17. The term “TSC stream” is used as a generic term for both TSC and TSN based services.
[0074] The following embodiments are discussed with reference to a TSC stream, which may be any one of the one or more TSC streams included in the PDU session. In other words, if the PDU session includes multiple TSC streams, the following embodiments are applied for each of the multiple TSC streams.
[0075] In the present disclosure, a TSC stream is to be transmitted from the UPF to the UE, e.g. a DL traffic or a DL flow. For example, the UE may receive the TSC stream from a BS via Uu, where the BS receives corresponding TN stream from the UPF via N3. The BS (BS1 or BS2) is connected to the UPF via the TSN enabled TN. The TSC stream is transformed into a TN stream according to mapping information, where the transformation may be performed by the UPF or by the TSN enabled TN.
[0076] In the TSN enabled TN, the UPF acts as a talker end station and the BS (BS1 or BS2) acts as a listener end station. For example, the UPF may include a core network talker listener (CN-TL) function, and the BS may include an access network talker listener (AN-TL) function. For example, the CN-TL of UPF may perform a stream transformation, e.g., from a TSC stream to a TN stream.
[0077] Reference is further made to FIG. 2, which illustrates an example of a procedure 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The procedure 200 may involve a UE 110, BS1 121, BS2 122, AMF 141, TN 101, TN CNC 102, SMF / CUC 140, and UPF 130. It is to be understood that the procedure 200 is discussed with reference to FIGS. 1A-1B for ease of description. It would be appreciated that the procedure 200 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0078] In the illustrated procedure 200, an Xn based handover is performed. In the illustrated procedure 200, BS1 121 may be configured with a first filter condition, and BS2 122 may be configured with a second filter condition. In some implementations, the first filter condition may be implemented as a first set of filter conditions and the second filter condition may be implemented as a second set of filter conditions, for ease of description, the following embodiments are described with reference to the first and second filter conditions.
[0079] In some implementations, the first and second filter conditions may be used by BS1 121 and BS2 122 respectively, to determine whether to forward (or transmit) or discard (or drop) the packets of a TN stream.
[0080] In some implementations, the first and second filter conditions may be associated with one of: an Ethernet frame header, an internet protocol (IP) version 4 (IPv4) tuples, an IPv6 tuples, PDU session information, QoS flow information, or service data flow information.
[0081] In some examples, IPv4 or IPv6 destination addresses may be configured to BS1 121 and BS2 122 by means of operation and maintenance (O&M) during a network configuration, as such no additional signalling (for deployment of the first / second filter condition) is required during the handover procedure.
[0082] For example, for an incoming TN stream, BS1 (or BS2) may obtain an Ethernet frame header, IPv4 tuples, or IPv6 tuples from the packets of the TN stream, and further determine whether the first filter condition (or the second filter condition) is fulfilled (or satisfied or met) . For example, for an incoming TN stream, BS1 (or BS2) may obtain GTP-U tunnel information from the packets of the TN stream, and further determine whether the first filter condition (or the second filter condition) is fulfilled (or satisfied or met) .
[0083] In some example embodiments, the first filter condition may include that: a destination IP address of received packets of TN stream is different from the IP address of BS1, and the second filter condition may include that: a destination IP address of received packets of TN stream is different from the IP address of BS2. In some examples, if the first filter condition is fulfilled (or met) , then BS1 may discard the received packets of TN stream; if the first condition is not fulfilled, then BS1 may forward or process the received packets of TN stream. In some examples, if the second filter condition is fulfilled (or met) , then BS2 may discard the received packets of TN stream; if the second condition is not fulfilled, then BS2 may forward or process the received packets of TN stream.
[0084] In some other example embodiments, the first filter condition may include that: a destination IP address of received packets of TN stream is the same as the IP address of BS1, and the second filter condition may include that: a destination IP address of received packets of TN stream is the same as the IP address of BS2. In some examples, if the first filter condition is fulfilled (or met) , then BS1 may forward or process the received packets of TN stream; if the first condition is not fulfilled, then BS1 may discard the received packets of TN stream. In some examples, if the second filter condition is fulfilled (or met) , then BS2 may forward or process the received packets of TN stream; if the second condition is not fulfilled, then BS2 may discard the received packets of TN stream.
[0085] In some implementations, the first and second filter conditions may be determined (or generated or derived) in a management plane or a control plane of CN, and the first and second filter conditions may be further provided (or deployed) to BS1 and BS2 in RAN respectively.
[0086] In some example embodiments, an entity of a function in the control plane, such as the SMF / CUC 140 may determine (or generate or derive) the first and second filter conditions, e.g., by using information provided from RAN and CN (e.g., PDU session information, QoS flow information, or service data flow information) and information received from TN (such as from an edge bridge in the TN or the TN CNC 102) .
[0087] In some example embodiments, an entity of a function in the management plane (not shown in FIG. 1A, such as a network management server, may determine (or generate or derive) the first and second filter conditions, e.g., by using information provided by 5GS (e.g., from DHCP server, network planning system, BS1, BS2, UPF, etc. ) and information received from TN (e.g., from an edge bridge in the TN or the TN CNC) .
[0088] In the illustrated procedure 200, it is assumed that a serving BS of the UE 110 is BS1 121 at 210, and the TSC stream is transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110. Specifically, the TSC stream may be transformed into a TN stream by the UPF 130 or in the TN 101. After receiving the TN stream, BS1 121 may further transmit the TSC stream to the UE 110. Some details of the operation 210 may refer to FIG. 3A below.
[0089] An Xn based handover is initiated within 220. The handover procedure may include a handover preparation phase and a handover execution phase, details of which may refer to some known technologies, such as those defined in 3GPP TS 23.502. For example, in the handover execution phase, BS1 121 may forward data to BS2 122, and BS1 121 may transmit a RAN usage data report to AMF 141.
[0090] BS2 122 transmits an N2 path switch request to AMF 141 at 225, and AMF 141 transmits a PDU session update request to SMF / CUC 140 at 230. For example, a path switch request over N2 may be transmitted at 225, when the handover execution in RAN is finalized successfully. For example, an air interface between UE 110 and BS2 122 is established at this stage. For example, the PDU session update request may be implemented as Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext request.
[0091] Upon receiving the PDU session update request from AMF 141, SMF / CUC 140 may initiate a listener join procedure for BS2 122 in the TSN enabled TN at 240. In some example embodiments, according to the received PDU session update request, SMF / CUC 140 may be aware of that UE 110 is handed over from BS1 121 to BS2 122. Specifically, the listener join procedure for BS2 122 may be performed in TN 101, e.g., based on a listener join request from SMF / CUC 140 to a function in the TSN enabled TN (such as TN CNC 102) , which will be described with reference to FIG. 4.
[0092] In some implementations, the listener join procedure for T-BS (i.e. BS2) may be referred to as a TN procedure P1 in the present disclosure. P1 may be initiated or triggered by first trigger information, e.g., received by SMF / CUC 140. For example, the first trigger information (represented as T1) may be the PDU session update request from AMF 141 at 230. In some examples, the first trigger information may be initiated or triggered by third trigger information, e.g., received by AMF 141. For example, the third trigger information may be the N2 path switch request from BS2 122 at 225. In some example embodiments, the first trigger information and the third trigger information may be in 3GPP interface messages defined for different reference points in 5GS.
[0093] A serving BS of the UE 110 is changing to BS2 122, and the TSC stream is transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110 at 250, where the TN stream is transmitted to both BS1 121 and BS2 122. In operation 250, BS1 121 may use the first filter condition and BS2 122 may use the second filter condition, to determine whether to discard (or drop) received packets of TN stream.
[0094] In some example embodiments, after operation 250, UPF 130 still uses GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1, thus a TN stream with the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 may be arrived at BS1 121 and BS2 122. BS2 122 may use the second filter condition to check the received TN stream, and determines to discard (or drop) the received TN stream. BS1 121 may use the first filter condition and determines to forward (not discard) the TN stream to BS2 122 over Xn interface. Some details of operation 250 may refer to FIG. 5A below.
[0095] In the illustrated procedure 200, SMF / CUC 140 transmits a PDU session related request, e.g., an N4 session modification request, to UPF 130 at 252. In some example embodiments, after receiving a listener join response from TN CNC 102 during the operation 240, SMF / CUC 140 may transmit the N4 session modification request to UPF 130. In some example embodiments, the N4 session modification request may be used to indicate to UPF 130 to update GTP-U tunnel information, e.g., to replace the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 with GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2. In some example embodiments, the GTP-U tunnel information associated with a specific BS (such as BS1 121 or BS2 122) is used by the UPF 130 for connection to the specific BS. The GTP-U tunnel information may include at least one of the following: the access network (AN) Tunnel Info, or core network (CN) GTP Tunnel Info. For example, each of the AN Tunnel Info and the CN Tunnel Info may include at least one of an GTP tunnel endpoint identifier and an endpoint IP address.
[0096] Accordingly, UPF 130 updates GTP-U tunnel information, e.g., replaces the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 with GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2, based on the N4 session modification request. UPF 130 transmits a PDU session related response, e.g., an N4 session modification response, to SMF / CUC 140 at 254.
[0097] In some example embodiments, after 254, UPF 130 will use GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2, thus a TN stream with the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 may be arrived at BS1 121 and BS2 122, at 260. BS1 121 may use the first filter condition to check the received TN stream, and determines to discard (or drop) the received TN stream. BS2 122 may use the second filter condition and determines to process (not discard) the TN stream and transmits corresponding TSC stream to UE 110. Some details of operation 260 may refer to FIG. 6A below.
[0098] In addition or alternatively, UPF 130 may transmit an N3 end marker to BS1 121 at 262, and BS1 121 may transmit an N3 end marker to BS2 122 at 264.
[0099] Upon receiving the PDU session related response (e.g., an N4 session modification response) from UPF 130, SMF / CUC 140 may initiate a listener leave procedure for BS1 121 in the TSN enabled TN at 270. In some example embodiments, according to the received PDU session related response, SMF / CUC 140 may be aware of that the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 is used by UPF 130. Specifically, the listener leave procedure for BS1 121 may be performed in TN 101, e.g., based on a listener leave request from SMF / CUC 140 to a function in the TSN enabled TN (such as TN CNC 102) , which will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0100] In some implementations, the listener leave procedure for S-BS (i.e. BS1) may be referred to as a TN procedure P2 in the present disclosure. P2 may be initiated or triggered by second trigger information, e.g., received by SMF / CUC 140. For example, the second trigger information (represented as T2) may be the N4 session modification response from UPF 130 at 254. In some examples, the second trigger information may be initiated or triggered by fourth trigger information, e.g., received by UPF 130. For example, the fourth trigger information may be the N4 session modification request from SMF / CUC 140 at 252. In some example embodiments, the second trigger information and the fourth trigger information may be in 3GPP interface messages defined for a same reference point in 5GS.
[0101] In the illustrated procedure 200, SMF / CUC 140 transmits a PDU session update response to AMF 141 at 272. For example, the PDU session update response may be implemented as Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext response. In some example embodiments, after receiving a listener leave response from TN CNC 102 during the operation 270, SMF / CUC 140 may transmit the PDU session update response to AMF 141. For example, upon receiving the listener leave response from TN CNC 102, SMF / CUC 140 may be informed that the TN path from UPF 130 to BS2 122 has been established, scheduled information for the TN path from UPF 130 to BS2 122 is successfully implanted, and the TN path from UPF 130 to BS1 121 has been released. In some example embodiments, the PDU session update response may be used to indicate to AMF 141 that the PDU session has been updated to be associated with BS2 122.
[0102] In addition or alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2, AMF 141 may transmit an N2 path switch path acknowledgement to BS2 122 at 274, and BS2 122 may transmit a release resources message to BS1 121 at 276. In addition, a registration procedure may be performed at 280.
[0103] After the handover procedure is finished, the serving BS of UE 110 is BS2 122, and the TSC stream is transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110 at 290. In this case, UPF 130 acts as a talker end station and BS2 122 acts as a listener end station. Some details of the operation 290 may refer to FIG. 8A below.
[0104] FIG. 3A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 210. BS1 121 is the serving BS of the UE 110. In FIG. 3A, an outer TSC stream is transmitted via 5GS before the handover and also during the handover until operation 240 is processed.
[0105] The UPF 130 receives, at 2101, packets of TSC stream. In some examples, the CN-TL of UPF 130 may perform, at 2102, a stream transformation which transforms the TSC stream into a TN stream, and further transmits packets of TN stream to TN 101 at 2103. In some other examples, the UPF 130 may transmit packets of TSC stream to TN 101 at 2103, and the TN 101 may further perform a stream transformation to transform the TSC stream into a TN stream at 2102. In other words, the order of 2102 and 2103 are not limited.
[0106] The TN 101 (may include one or more TN bridges) transmits the packets of TN stream to BS1 121 at 2104, and BS1 121 further transmits packets of TSC stream to UE 110 at 2105.
[0107] FIG. 3B illustrates an example flow 350 of the TSC stream of the operation 210. As shown in FIG. 3B, a TN path 3501 from the UPF 130 to BS1 121 may have been established. The TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AA, which may be transmitted to BS1 121 over the TN path 3501 via the TSN TN. In this case, GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 may be used by UPF 130.
[0108] In some examples, BS1 121 may use the first filter condition to determine whether to process or discard the received TN stream AA. For example, BS1 121 may use its configured IP address to check a destination IP address of the received packets of TN stream AA. In this case, since the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 is used by UPF 130, BS1 121 may further process the TN stream AA and forward corresponding packets of TSC stream to UE 110.
[0109] FIG. 4 illustrates an example procedure of the operation 240. After receiving the first trigger information, SMF / CUC 140 determines a stream ID of the TSC stream (or TN stream) at 2401, and generate a listener join request for BS2 122 at 2402. SMF / CUC 140 transmits the listener join request to TN CNC 102 at 2403. In some examples, the listener join request may indicate the BS2 and the current TN stream (such as TN stream AA) . For example, the listener join request may include a stream ID of the TN stream.
[0110] TN CNC 102 determines a TN path from UPF 130 to BS2 122 and schedule transmission resources for the TN path at 2404, based on the listener join request. In some examples, there may be only one available port at UPF 130, since there is already a TN path from UPF 130 to BS1 121, TN CNC 102 may determine one or more suitable TN bridge (s) on the TN path from UPF 130 to BS2 122, and further establish a TN path from UPF 130 to BS2 122 on the basis of the suitable TN bridge (s) . In addition, bridge configuration may be determined by TN CNC 102 among one or more TN bridges in TN 101 at 2405.
[0111] TN CNC 102 transmits a listener join response to SMF / CUC 140 at 2406. As such, the listener join procedure for BS2 is finished, and accordingly, the TN 101 further duplicate packets of TN stream to both BS1 121 and BS2 122 at 2407. At the stage, the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 is still used by UPF 130, which is similar with that described with reference to FIG. 3A.
[0112] FIG. 5A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 250. BS2 122 is the serving BS of the UE 110. In FIG. 5A, an outer TSC stream is transmitted via 5GS after operation 240, optionally before operations 252 and 254.
[0113] The UPF 130 receives, at 2501, packets of TSC stream. In some examples, the CN-TL of UPF 130 may perform, at 2502, a stream transformation which transforms the TSC stream into a TN stream, and further transmits packets of TN stream to TN 101 at 2503. In some other examples, the UPF 130 may transmit packets of TSC stream to TN 101 at 2503, and the TN 101 may further perform a stream transformation to transform the TSC stream into a TN stream at 2502. In this case, GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1, is used by UPF 130.
[0114] TN 101 duplicate packets of TN stream which has GTP-U tunnel address of BS1 at 2504. Then TN 101 transmits the packets of TN stream to BS1 121 and BS2 122 at 2505.
[0115] At 2506, BS2 122 uses the second filter condition, and determines to discard the TN stream which is received via TN 101. For example, BS2 122 may use its configured IP address to check a destination IP address of the received packets of TN stream. In this case, since the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 is used by UPF 130, the second filter condition is fulfilled or met, BS2 122 may further discard the TN stream.
[0116] At 2507, BS1 121 uses the first filter condition, and determines to forward the TN stream which is received via TN 101. For example, BS1 121 may use its configured IP address to check a destination IP address of the received packets of TN stream. In this case, since the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 is used by UPF 130, the first filter condition is not fulfilled or met, BS1 121 further transmits the packets of TN stream to BS2 122 at 2508 due to the ongoing handover procedure. In addition, BS2 122 may process the packets of TN stream from BS1 121, and transmits corresponding packets of TSC stream to UE 110 over the air interface at 2509.
[0117] FIG. 5B illustrates an example flow 550 of the TSC stream of the operation 250. As shown in FIG. 5B, there are a TN path 5501 from the UPF 130 to BS1 121 and a TN path 5502 from the UPF 130 to BS2 122. For example, there may be one or two ports at UPF 130 used for the TN paths 5501 and 5502.
[0118] The TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AA, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1. The TN stream AA is transmitted to BS1 121 over the TN path 5501 and to BS2 122 over the TN path 5502 via the TSN TN.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 5B, BS2 122 discards the TN stream AA which is received over the TN path 5502, while BS1 121 forwards the TN stream AA to BS2 122 via the Xn interface.
[0120] FIG. 6A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 260. BS2 122 is the serving BS of the UE 110. In FIG. 6A, an outer TSC stream is transmitted via 5GS after operations 252 and 254.
[0121] The UPF 130 receives, at 2601, packets of TSC stream. In some examples, the CN-TL of UPF 130 may perform, at 2602, a stream transformation which transforms the TSC stream into a TN stream, and further transmits packets of TN stream to TN 101 at 2603. In some other examples, the UPF 130 may transmit packets of TSC stream to TN 101 at 2603, and the TN 101 may further perform a stream transformation to transform the TSC stream into a TN stream at 2602. In this case, GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 is used by UPF 130.
[0122] TN 101 duplicate packets of TN stream which has GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 at 2604. Then TN 101 transmits the packets of TN stream to BS1 121 and BS2 122 at 2605.
[0123] At 2606, BS1 121 uses the first filter condition, and determines to discard the TN stream which is received via TN 101. For example, BS1 121 may use its configured IP address to check a destination IP address of the received packets of TN stream. In this case, since the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 is used by UPF 130, the first filter condition is fulfilled or met, BS1 121 may further discard the TN stream.
[0124] At 2607, BS2 122 uses the second filter condition, and determines to process (not discard) the TN stream which is received via TN 101. For example, BS2 122 may use its configured IP address to check a destination IP address of the received packets of TN stream. In this case, since the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 is used by UPF 130, the first filter condition is not fulfilled or met, BS2 122 further processes the TN stream and transmits corresponding packets of TSC stream to UE 110 at 2608.
[0125] FIG. 6B illustrates an example flow 650 of the TSC stream of the operation 260. As shown in FIG. 6B, there are a TN path 6501 from the UPF 130 to BS1 121 and a TN path 6502 from the UPF 130 to BS2 122. For example, there may be one or two ports at UPF 130 used for the TN paths 6501 and 6502.
[0126] The TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AB, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2. The TN stream AB is transmitted to BS1 121 over the TN path 6501 and to BS2 122 over the TN path 6502 via the TSN TN.
[0127] As shown in FIG. 6B, BS1 121 discards the TN stream AB, while BS2 122 may process and transmit corresponding TSC stream to UE 110.
[0128] FIG. 7 illustrates an example procedure of the operation 270. After receiving the second trigger information, SMF / CUC 140 generates a listener leave request for BS1 121 at 2701. SMF / CUC 140 transmits the listener leave request to TN CNC 102 at 2702. In some examples, the listener leave request may indicate the BS1 and the TN stream. TN CNC 102 releases resources related with BS1 121 at 2703 based on the listener leave request. For example, TN CNC 102 may release resources and scheduled information for the TN stream to BS1. In some examples, bridge configuration may be updated by TN CNC 102 among one or more TN bridges in TN 101 at 2704, as such the TN 101 ensures that the TN stream is no longer transmitted to BS1 121.
[0129] TN CNC 102 transmits a listener leave response to SMF / CUC 140 at 2705. As such, the listener leave procedure for BS1 is finished, and accordingly, the TN 101 further stops duplicating packets of TN stream at 2706. At the stage, the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 is used by UPF 130. For example, a static filtering entries (SFE) configuration may be used by TN 101.
[0130] FIG. 8A illustrates an example procedure of the operation 290. BS2 122 is the serving BS of the UE 110. In FIG. 8A, an outer TSC stream is transmitted via 5GS after operation 270 is processed.
[0131] The UPF 130 receives, at 2901, packets of TSC stream. In some examples, the CN-TL of UPF 130 may perform, at 2902, a stream transformation which transforms the TSC stream into a TN stream, and further transmits packets of TN stream to TN 101 at 2903. In some other examples, the UPF 130 may transmit packets of TSC stream to TN 101 at 2903, and the TN 101 may further perform a stream transformation to transform the TSC stream into a TN stream at 2902.
[0132] The TN 101 (may include one or more TN bridges) transmits the packets of TN stream to BS2 122 at 2904, and BS2 122 further transmits packets of TSC stream to UE 110 at 2905.
[0133] FIG. 8B illustrates an example flow 850 of the TSC stream of the operation 290. As shown in FIG. 8B, there is a TN path 8502 from the UPF 130 to BS2 122. The TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AB, which may be transmitted to BS2 122 over the TN path 8502 via the TSN TN. In this case, GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 may be used by UPF 130.
[0134] In some examples, BS2 122 may use the second filter condition to determine whether to forward or discard the received TN stream AB. For example, BS2 122 may use its configured IP address to check a destination IP address of the received packets of TN stream AB. In this case, since the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 is used by UPF 130, the second filter condition is not fulfilled or met, BS2 122 may further process the TN stream AB and transmit corresponding packets of TSC stream to UE 110.
[0135] According to the embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2-8B, a listener join procedure may be initiated by SMF / CUC, so that the target base station may be configured as a listener during the handover procedure. As such, an existing TN path between UPF and S-BS may be extended by setting up a further TN path within the TSN enabled TN, so that the packets of TN stream may be forwarded in the TSN enabled TN and received by both S-BS and T-BS. Therefore, a probability of bottlenecks being created due to configuration of network resources for the establishment of new TN paths and scheduling information of the TN streams is reduced.
[0136] Reference is further made to FIG. 9, which illustrates an example of a procedure 900 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The procedure 900 may involve a UE 110, BS1 121, BS2 122, AMF 141, TN 101, TN CNC 102, SMF / CUC 140, and UPF 130. It is to be understood that the procedure 900 is discussed with reference to FIGS. 1A-1B for ease of description. It would be appreciated that the procedure 900 may be applied to other communication scenarios, which will not be described in detail.
[0137] In the illustrated procedure 900, an N2 based handover is performed. In the procedure 900, BS1 121 may be configured with a first filter condition, and BS2 122 may be configured with a second filter condition. The first and second filter condition may refer to those described with reference to FIG. 2, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0138] In the illustrated procedure 900, it is assumed that a serving BS of the UE 110 is BS1 121 at 910, and the TSC stream is transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110. Details of the operation 910 is similar with the operation 210 discussed above. An example flow of TSC stream at 910 may refer to FIG. 10A below.
[0139] In the illustrated procedure 900, an N2 based handover is performed. The handover procedure may include a handover preparation phase and a handover execution phase, some steps of which may refer to some known technologies, such as those defined in 3GPP TS 23.502. For example, it is assumed that a direct data forwarding between BS1 and BS2 is realized via a dedicated connection that is pre-configured at BS1 121 and BS2 122.
[0140] In the handover preparation phase, operations 920, 922, 924, 930 and 951 are performed, details of which may refer to corresponding known technologies. As shown in FIG. 9, AMF 141 transmits a handover request to BS2 122 at 922, to instruct BS2 122 as a target BS to prepare for N2 based handover. At 924, BS2 122 transmits a handover request acknowledgment back to AMF 141.
[0141] During the handover preparation phase, the PDU session update request may be referred to as first trigger information, and thus a listener join procedure for BS2 at 940 may be initiated by SMF / CUC 140. Details of the operation 940 is similar with the operation 240 discussed above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0142] In the illustrated procedure 900, the TN procedure P1 is initiated or triggered by first trigger information, e.g., the PDU session update request from AMF 141 at 930. In some examples, the first trigger information may be initiated or triggered by third trigger information, e.g., received by AMF 141. For example, the third trigger information may be the handover request acknowledgment from BS2 122 at 924. In some example embodiments, the first trigger information and the third trigger information may be in 3GPP interface messages defined for different reference points in 5GS.
[0143] It is understood that both BS1 121 and BS2 122 are listeners after operation 940. Thus, the TSC stream is transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110 at 950, where the TN stream is transmitted to both BS1 121 and BS2 122, an example flow of TSC stream at 950 may refer to FIG. 10B below.
[0144] In the handover execution phase, operations 951, 952, 953, 954, 961, 965, and 985 are performed, details of which may refer to corresponding known technologies. Specifically, when the handover preparation phase is finalized, AMF 141 initiates the execution phase and sends a handover command to BS1 121 (step 1 in operation 952) . BS1 121 provides the handover command to the UE 110 (step 2 in operation 952) , and the UE 110 terminates the air interface connection to BS1 121 and establishes an air interface connection to BS2 122. For example, the UE 110 may synchronize to BS2 122 at 953 and transmits a handover confirm message to BS2 122 at 954.
[0145] As soon as the air interface connection to BS1 121 is terminated, BS1 121 starts to provide received packets of the TN stream via the Direct Interface (Direct If) to BS2 122 at 960. An example flow of TSC stream at 960 may refer to FIG. 10C below.
[0146] As soon as the air interface connection between UE 110 and BS2 122 is established, BS2 122 may transmit a handover notify message to AMF 141 at 961. For example, BS2 122 may initiate a handover notify message to signal that the handover is completed successfully and sends it to AMF 141. In the illustrated procedure 900, steps 6a to 10b of handover execution phase may be performed at 965. Within 965, e.g. at step 7, AMF 141 may start respective actions and informs SMF / CUC 140 by transmitting a Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext request (not shown in FIG. 9) about the handover complete indication.
[0147] In the illustrated procedure 900, e.g. within 965, SMF / CUC 140 transmits (not shown in FIG. 9) a PDU session related request, e.g., an N4 session modification request, to UPF 130. In some example embodiments, the N4 session modification request may be used to indicate to UPF 130 to update GTP-U tunnel information, e.g., to replace the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 with GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2. Accordingly, UPF 130 updates GTP-U tunnel address, e.g., replaces the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1 with GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2, based on the N4 session modification request. UPF 130 transmits a PDU session related response, e.g., an N4 session modification response, to SMF / CUC 140.
[0148] In some example embodiments, after receiving the PDU session related request from SMF / CUC 140, UPF 130 will use GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2, thus a TN stream with the GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2 may be arrived at BS1 121 and BS2 122, at 970. An example flow of TSC stream at 970 may refer to FIG. 10D below.
[0149] During the handover execution phase, the PDU session related response (e.g., an N4 session modification response) from UPF 130 may be referred to as second trigger information, and thus a listener leave procedure for BS1 121 at 980 may be initiated by SMF / CUC 140. Details of the operation 980 is similar with the operation 270 discussed above with reference to FIG. 7.
[0150] In the illustrated procedure 900, the TN procedure P2 is initiated or triggered by second trigger information, e.g., the N4 session modification response from UPF 130. In some examples, the second trigger information may be initiated or triggered by fourth trigger information, e.g., received by UPF 130. For example, the fourth trigger information may be the N4 session modification request from SMF / CUC 140. In some example embodiments, the second trigger information and the fourth trigger information may be in 3GPP interface messages defined for a same reference point in 5GS.
[0151] It is understood that only BS2 122 is the listener after operation 980. Thus, the TSC stream is transmitted from the UPF 130 to the UE 110 at 990, where the TN stream is transmitted to BS2 122, an example flow of TSC stream at 990 may refer to FIG. 10E below.
[0152] FIG. 10A illustrates an example flow 1010 of the TSC stream of the operation 910. As shown in FIG. 10A, the TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AA, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1. The TN stream AA is transmitted to BS1 121 via the TSN TN. In some examples, BS1 121 may further process the TN stream AA and transmit corresponding TSC stream to UE 110.
[0153] FIG. 10B illustrates an example flow 1020 of the TSC stream of the operation 950. As shown in FIG. 10B, the TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AA, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1. The TN stream AA is transmitted to BS1 121 and BS2 122 via the TSN TN. As shown in FIG. 10B, BS2 122 discards the TN stream AA, while BS1 121 process the TN stream AA and transmit corresponding TSC stream to UE 110.
[0154] FIG. 10C illustrates an example flow 1030 of the TSC stream of the operation 960. As shown in FIG. 10C, the TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AA, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS1. The TN stream AA is transmitted to BS1 121 and BS2 122 via the TSN TN. As shown in FIG. 10C, BS2 122 discards the TN stream AA which is received via the TSN TN, while BS1 121 forwards the TN stream AA to BS2 122 via the direct interface.
[0155] FIG. 10D illustrates an example flow 1040 of the TSC stream of the operation 970. As shown in FIG. 10D, the TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AB, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2. The TN stream AB is transmitted to BS1 121 and BS2 122 via the TSN TN. As shown in FIG. 10D, BS1 121 discards the TN stream AB which is received via the TSN TN, while BS2 122 process the TN stream AB and transmit corresponding TSC stream to UE 110.
[0156] FIG. 10E illustrates an example flow 1050 of the TSC stream of the operation 990. As shown in FIG. 10E, the TSC stream may be transformed into the TN stream AB, which may have GTP-U tunnel information associated with BS2. The TN stream AB is transmitted to BS2 122 via the TSN TN. In some examples, BS2 122 may further process the TN stream AB and transmit corresponding TSC stream to UE 110.
[0157] It is to be appreciated that the first and second filter conditions are used by BS1 121 and BS2 122 respectively to determine wither to discard the TN stream received via the TSN TN, the determination operations are similar with that described with reference to FIGS. 2-8B, and thus will not be repeated herein.
[0158] FIG. 11 illustrates an example schematic of a concept 1100 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, RAN 1110, CN 1130, and TN 1150 are illustrated. The CN 1130 may control (e.g., derive) the first and second filter conditions, while BS1 121 in RAN 1110 executes the first filter condition and BS2 122 in RAN 1110 executes the second filter condition. The CN 1130 may initiate a TN procedure P1 and initiate a TN procedure P2 based on first and second trigger information respectively. As such, 5GS in the present disclosure allows to perform a handover of a PDU session that transmits one or more TSC streams to the UE, in case the UPF 130 in CN 1130 transmits packets of the PDU session to BS1 121 and BS2 122 in RAN 1110 via the TSN enabled TN 1150.
[0159] According to the embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2-11, a listener join procedure may be initiated by SMF / CUC, so that the target base station may be configured as a listener during the handover procedure. As such, an existing TN path between UPF and S-BS may be extended by setting up a further TN path between UPF and T-BS, so that the packets of TN stream may be transmitted to both S-BS and T-BS. Therefore, a probability of bottlenecks being created due to configuration of network resources for the establishment of new TN paths and scheduling information of the TN streams is reduced.
[0160] In addition, the TN can optimize the further TN path to T-BS by selecting a minimum number of TN bridges that require configurations. For example, the new added TN path may be originated from a TN bridge rather than a port at UPF, as such, the unavailability of free resources at ports of the UPF represents a substantial risk may be avoided. It is up to TN CNC to provide a path calculation and scheduling for the TN bridges for the further TN path to T-BS. Due to the topology awareness, the TN CNC can provide an optimized path easily. In particular, if S-BS and T-BS are connected to the same edge bridge in TN, then the TN stream may be provided to S-BS and T-BS via a simple Port map extension of the Static Filter Entry for the TN stream. This also simplifies the scheduling at the port connecting T-BS.
[0161] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 implemented at an apparatus for controlling a PDU session in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the apparatus for controlling a PDU session may be SMF / CUC 140 in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the SMF.
[0162] At block 1210, the SMF determines that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, where the first network device and the second network device are connected via a TSN enabled TN to a UPF. At block 1220, the SMF initiates a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, where the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the SMF receives, from a further apparatus, a PDU session update request associated with an execution of a handover of the terminal device; and the SMF determines, based on the PDU session update request, that the terminal device is to be handed over from the first network device to the second network device.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the PDU session update request was triggered by one of the following: a path switch request received by the further apparatus from the second network device, or a handover request acknowledgement received by the further apparatus from the second network device.
[0165] In some example embodiments, there is a TN path from the UPF to the first network device via the TSN enabled TN. The SMF transmits, to a function in the TSN enabled TN, a listener join request for configuring a further TN path from the UPF to the second network device via the TSN enabled TN.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the SMF transmits, to the UPF, a PDU session related request for using GTP-U tunnel information associated with the second network device for the at least one TN stream; and the SMF receives, from the UPF, a PDU session related response indicating a successful execution of the PDU session related request.
[0167] In some example embodiments, if the GTP-U tunnel information associated with the second network device for the at least one TN stream has been used by the UPF, the SMF initiates a listener leave procedure to configure the first network device to no longer act as a listener of the at least one TN stream.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the SMF transmits, to a function in the TSN enabled TN, a listener leave request for stopping forwarding the at least one TN stream to the first network device.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the SMF determines a first filter condition for the first network device and a second filter condition for the second network device, wherein the first filter condition is used by the first network device to determine whether to forward a received TN stream to the terminal device, and the second filter condition is used by the second network device to determine whether to forward a received TN stream to the terminal device. In some example embodiments, the SMF transmits the first filter condition and the second filter condition to the first network device and the second network device respectively.
[0170] In some example embodiments, at least one of the first filter condition or the second filter condition is associated with at least one of the following: an Ethernet frame header, an IPv4 tuples, an IPv6 tuples, PDU session information, QoS flow information, or service data flow information.
[0171] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1300 implemented at a network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the network device may be BS1 121 or BS2 122 in FIG. 1B. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of an access network device.
[0172] At block 1310, the access network device receives, from a UPF via a TSN enabled TN, at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one TSC stream. At block 1320, based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, the access network device discards the received at least one TN stream.
[0173] In some example embodiments, if GTP-U tunnel information of the received at least one TN stream is not associated with the access network device, the access network device determines that the corresponding filter condition is fulfilled.
[0174] In some example embodiments, if GTP-U tunnel information of the received at least one TN stream is associated with the network device, the access network device forwards the received at least one TN stream to a terminal device.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the access network device receives, from a control plane entity or a management plane entity, the corresponding filter condition.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the control plane entity comprises apparatus for controlling a PDU session comprising the at least one TSC stream.
[0177] In some example embodiments, at least one of the first filter condition or the second filter condition is associated with at least one of the following: an Ethernet frame header, an IPv4 tuples, an IPv6 tuples, PDU session information, QoS flow information, or service data flow information.
[0178] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 1200 (for example, the SMF / CUC 140) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0179] The term “means” as used in the description and in the claims may refer to one or more individual elements configured to perform the corresponding recited functionality or functionalities, or it may refer to several elements that perform such functionality or functionalities. Furthermore, several functionalities recited in the claims may be performed by the same individual means or the same combination of means. For example, performing such functionality or functionalities may be caused in an apparatus by a processor that executes instructions stored in a memory of the apparatus.
[0180] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for determining that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a TSN enabled TN to a UPF; and means for initiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.
[0181] In some example embodiments, means for determining that a terminal device being receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device comprises: means for receiving, from a further apparatus, a PDU session update request associated with an execution of a handover of the terminal device; and means for determining, based on the PDU session update request, that the terminal device is to be handed over from the first network device to the second network device.
[0182] In some example embodiments, the PDU session update request was triggered by one of the following: a path switch request received by the further apparatus from the second network device, or a handover request acknowledgement received by the further apparatus from the second network device.
[0183] In some example embodiments, there is a TN path from the UPF to the first network device via the TSN enabled TN, and means for initiating a listener join procedure for the second network device comprises: means for transmitting, to a function in the TSN enabled TN, a listener join request for configuring a further TN path from the UPF to the second network device via the TSN enabled TN.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the UPF, a PDU session related request for using GTP-U tunnel information associated with the second network device for the at least one TN stream; and means for receiving, from the UPF, a PDU session related response indicating a successful execution of the PDU session related request.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for based on determining that the GTP-U tunnel information associated with the second network device for the at least one TN stream has been used by the UPF, initiating a listener leave procedure to configure the first network device to no longer act as a listener of the at least one TN stream.
[0186] In some example embodiments, means for initiating a listener leave procedure for the first network device comprises: means for transmitting, to a function in the TSN enabled TN, a listener leave request for stopping forwarding the at least one TN stream to the first network device.
[0187] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for determining a first filter condition for the first network device and a second filter condition for the second network device, wherein the first filter condition is used by the first network device to determine whether to forward a received TN stream to the terminal device, and the second filter condition is used by the second network device to determine whether to forward a received TN stream to the terminal device; and means for transmitting the first filter condition and the second filter condition to the first network device and the second network device respectively.
[0188] In some example embodiments, at least one of the first filter condition or the second filter condition is associated with at least one of the following: an Ethernet frame header, an IPv4 tuples, an IPv6 tuples, PDU session information, QoS flow information, or service data flow information.
[0189] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 1300 (for example, the network device, BS1 or BS2) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from a UPF via a TSN enabled TN, at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one TSC stream; and means for based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.
[0191] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for based on determining that GTP-U tunnel information of the received at least one TN stream is not associated with the network device, determining that the corresponding filter condition is fulfilled.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for based on determining that GTP-U tunnel information of the received at least one TN stream is associated with the network device, forwarding the received at least one TN stream to a terminal device.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from a control plane entity or a management plane entity, the corresponding filter condition.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the control plane entity comprises apparatus for controlling a PDU session comprising the at least one TSC stream.
[0195] In some example embodiments, at least one of the first filter condition or the second filter condition is associated with at least one of the following: an Ethernet frame header, an IPv4 tuples, an IPv6 tuples, PDU session information, QoS flow information, or service data flow information.
[0196] FIG. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 1400 that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1400 may be provided to implement the device discussed above, for example the apparatus for controlling the PDU session (such as SMF / CUC 140 in FIG. 1A) , and a network device (such as BS1 121 and BS2 122 in FIG. 1B) . As shown, the device 1400 includes one or more processors 1410, one or more memories 1420 coupled to the processor 1410, and one or more communication modules 1440 coupled to the processor 1410.
[0197] The communication module 1440 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1440 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0198] The processor 1410 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1400 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0199] The memory 1420 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1424, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1422 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0200] A computer program 1430 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1410. The program 1430 may be stored in the ROM 1424. The processor 1410 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1430 into the RAM 1422.
[0201] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1430 so that the device 1400 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2-13. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the program 1430 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1400 (such as in the memory 1420) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1400. The device 1400 may load the program 1430 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1422 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
[0203] FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium 1500 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer readable medium 1500 has the program 1430 stored thereon. It is noted that although the computer readable medium 1500 is depicted in form of CD or DVD in FIG. 15, the computer readable medium 1500 may be in any other form suitable to carry or hold the program 1430.
[0204] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0205] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method as described above with reference to any of FIGS. 2-13. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0206] Program code for the methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0207] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0208] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0209] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0210] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus for controlling a packet data unit (PDU) session comprising at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) stream, the apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:determining that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) to a user plane function (UPF) ; andinitiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform:receiving, from a further apparatus, a PDU session update request associated with an execution of a handover of the terminal device; anddetermining, based on the PDU session update request, that the terminal device is to be handed over from the first network device to the second network device.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PDU session update request was triggered by one of the following:a path switch request received by the further apparatus from the second network device, ora handover request acknowledgement received by the further apparatus from the second network device.4.The apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein there is a TN path from the UPF to the first network device via the TSN enabled TN, and wherein the initiating the listener join procedure comprises:transmitting, to a function in the TSN enabled TN, a listener join request for configuring a further TN path from the UPF to the second network device via the TSN enabled TN.5.The apparatus of any of claims 1-4, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform:transmitting, to the UPF, a PDU session related request for using general packet radio service (GPRS) tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) tunnel information associated with the second network device for the at least one TN stream; andreceiving, from the UPF, a PDU session related response indicating a successful execution of the PDU session related request.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform:based on determining that the GTP-U tunnel information associated with the second network device for the at least one TN stream has been used by the UPF, initiating a listener leave procedure to configure the first network device to no longer act as a listener of the at least one TN stream.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the instructions, when the initiating the listener leave procedure comprises:transmitting, to a function in the TSN enabled TN, a listener leave request for stopping forwarding the at least one TN stream to the first network device.8.The apparatus of any of claims 1-7, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to perform:determining a first filter condition for the first network device and a second filter condition for the second network device, wherein the first filter condition is used by the first network device to determine whether to forward a received TN stream to the terminal device, and the second filter condition is used by the second network device to determine whether to forward a received TN stream to the terminal device; andtransmitting the first filter condition and the second filter condition to the first network device and the second network device respectively.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein at least one of the first filter condition or the second filter condition is associated with at least one of the following:an Ethernet frame header,an internet protocol (IP) version 4 (IPv4) tuples,an IPv6 tuples,PDU session information,quality of service (QoS) flow information, orservice data flow information.10.A network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to perform:receiving, from a user plane function (UPF) via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) , at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) stream; andbased on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.11.The network device of claim 10, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network device to perform:based on determining that general packet radio service (GPRS) tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) tunnel information of the received at least one TN stream is not associated with the network device, determining that the corresponding filter condition is fulfilled.12.The network device of claim 10, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network device to perform:based on determining that GTP-U tunnel information of the received at least one TN stream is associated with the network device, forwarding the received at least one TN stream to a terminal device.13.The network device of any of claims 10-12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network device to perform:receiving, from a control plane entity or a management plane entity, the corresponding filter condition.14.The network device of claim 13, wherein the control plane entity comprises apparatus for controlling a packet data unit (PDU) session comprising the at least one TSC stream.15.The network device of any of claims 10-14, wherein the corresponding filter condition is associated with at least one of the following:an Ethernet frame header,an internet protocol (IP) version 4 (IPv4) tuples,an IPv6 tuples,PDU session information,quality of service (QoS) flow information, orservice data flow information.16.A method comprising:determining, by an apparatus for controlling a packet data unit (PDU) session comprising at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) stream, that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) to a user plane function (UPF) ; andinitiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.17.A method comprising:receiving, by a network device from a user plane function (UPF) via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) , at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) stream; andbased on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.18.An apparatus comprising:means for determining, by an apparatus for controlling a packet data unit (PDU) session comprising at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) stream, that a terminal device receiving the at least one TSC stream is to be handed over from a first network device to a second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are connected via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) to a user plane function (UPF) ; andmeans for initiating a listener join procedure for the second network device to configure the second network device as a listener of at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN steam is transformed from the at least one TSC stream by the UPF.19.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, by a network device from a user plane function (UPF) via a time sensitive networking (TSN) enabled transport network (TN) , at least one TN stream, wherein the at least one TN stream is transformed from at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) stream; andmeans for, based on determining that a corresponding filter condition for the at least one TN stream is fulfilled, discarding the received at least one TN stream.20.A computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method of any of claims 18-19.
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