All-solid-state battery

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application is an all-solid-state battery. The all-solid-state battery comprises an encapsulation member (10), a battery cell assembly (20) and an adsorption member, wherein a first chamber (12) and a second chamber (15), which are in communication with each other, are formed inside the encapsulation member (10); the battery cell assembly (20) is accommodated in the first chamber (12); the adsorption member is accommodated in the second chamber (15), and the adsorption member can adsorb or eliminate hydrogen sulfide; and a waterproof gas-permeable membrane (50) is provided between the first chamber (12) and the second chamber (15).

Description

All-solid-state batteries

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on July 24, 2024, with application number 202421770485.8. The entire contents of the above application are incorporated by reference into this application.

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, for example, to an all-solid-state battery.

[0004] Background Art

[0005] Sulfide all-solid-state batteries hold great promise due to their potential for high energy density, greater durability, and longer lifespan. However, sulfide materials have poor chemical stability and are sensitive to moisture in the air. Therefore, if the electrolyte is exposed to moisture during operation due to seal failure or other factors, the highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas is likely to be generated, posing a significant risk to user safety. Although electrolyte materials can be manufactured in a moisture-controlled environment, completely preventing the electrolyte from being exposed to the external environment or limiting its exposure to moisture over time is virtually impossible in practical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate a hydrogen sulfide protection structure into the system to eliminate the hydrogen sulfide that may be generated during long-term use. This is typically achieved by adding a hydrogen sulfide adsorption structure to the cell housing. Since hydrogen sulfide adsorbents are most effective when manufactured in powder form, a support structure, such as a sponge, is required to support the powder. To minimize the space occupied by the cell housing, the amount of supported adsorbent powder is typically limited.

[0006] Technical issues

[0007] However, due to the high fluidity of hydrogen sulfide gas, and the fact that 50-120 ppm will cause olfactory paralysis in people who come into contact with it, and 400 ppm will cause death in a short period of time, if the amount of adsorption powder is insufficient, a certain amount of hydrogen sulfide may still leak. In addition, if the powdered hydrogen sulfide adsorption material falls on the battery cell assembly, it will affect the electrical performance of the battery cell assembly.

[0008] Technical Solutions

[0009] The present application provides an all-solid-state battery, which can ensure that sufficient sulfide adsorbent is placed inside the battery and prevent the sulfide adsorbent from contacting the battery cell, thereby ensuring that the performance of the battery is not affected.

[0010] An all-solid-state battery includes: a packaging component, which internally forms a first chamber and a second chamber that are connected; a battery cell assembly and an adsorption component, wherein the battery cell assembly is accommodated in the first chamber and the adsorption component is accommodated in the second chamber, and the adsorption component can adsorb or eliminate hydrogen sulfide; a waterproof and breathable membrane is provided between the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0011] Beneficial effects

[0012] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0013] The present application provides an all-solid-state battery, which is formed by separating a first chamber and a second chamber, and the first chamber and the second chamber are connected, the first chamber contains a battery cell assembly, and the second chamber contains an adsorption element, so that the second chamber can have sufficient space to place the adsorption element, ensuring sufficient adsorption or elimination of hydrogen sulfide, and preventing hydrogen sulfide from being unable to react and then overflowing. In addition, since the first chamber and the second chamber are separated, and a waterproof and breathable membrane is provided between the first chamber and the second chamber, gas can freely shuttle between the two, hydrogen sulfide can enter the second chamber and be adsorbed by the adsorption element, while liquid or solid cannot pass through the waterproof and breathable membrane, making it difficult for the adsorption element located in the second chamber to enter the first chamber, thereby avoiding contact between the adsorption element and the battery cell assembly in the first chamber, and preventing the adsorption element from contacting the battery cell assembly and causing the electrical performance of the battery to decline.

[0014] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of an all-solid-state battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of an all-solid-state battery provided in an embodiment of the present application at a longitudinal section position;

[0017] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of an all-solid-state battery provided in an embodiment of the present application, taken along the X-axis;

[0018] FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of an all-solid-state battery provided in an embodiment of the present application at a longitudinal section position in the Y direction.

[0019] In the picture:

[0020] 10. Package; 11. Channel; 12. First chamber; 13. First sealing layer; 131. First groove; 14. Second sealing layer; 141. Second groove; 15. Second chamber;

[0021] 20. Battery cell assembly; 21. Battery cell;

[0022] 22. heat dissipation layer; 23. positive electrode; 24. negative electrode;

[0023] 30. Total positive electrode; 40. Total negative electrode; 50. Waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0024] Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0025] The present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are intended to explain the present application, not to limit the present application. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only some, but not all, structures related to the present application.

[0026] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and can refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. A person of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand the meaning of these terms in this application based on the circumstances.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first feature being in direct contact with the second feature, or may include the first feature being in contact with the second feature through another feature between them instead of being in direct contact. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may indicate that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0028] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., regarding orientations or positions, are based on the orientations or positions shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplified operation. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and do not have any special meanings.

[0029] The substances in the electrolyte of solid-state batteries easily react with water to generate toxic hydrogen sulfide gas. The amount of hydrogen sulfide adsorption material set in the relevant technology is insufficient, and there is still a risk of leakage of a small amount of hydrogen sulfide gas. Although the amount is small, it is enough to cause poisoning or even death to the human body. Moreover, when the hydrogen sulfide adsorption material is placed in powder form, if it comes into contact with the battery cell components, it is easy to cause the electrical performance of the battery to deteriorate.

[0030] This embodiment provides an all-solid-state battery that ensures sufficient sulfide adsorbent material is placed inside the battery and prevents the sulfide adsorbent from contacting the battery cell 21, thereby ensuring that the battery's performance is not affected. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the all-solid-state battery includes a package 10, a battery cell assembly 20, and an adsorbent. The package 10 internally forms a first chamber 12 and a second chamber 15 that are interconnected. The battery cell assembly 20 is housed in the first chamber 12, and the adsorbent is housed in the second chamber 15. The adsorbent is capable of adsorbing or eliminating hydrogen sulfide. A waterproof and breathable membrane 50 is disposed between the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15.

[0031] By separating the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15, and the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15 are connected, the first chamber 12 contains the battery cell assembly 20, and the second chamber 15 contains the adsorbent. As a result, the second chamber 15 can have sufficient space to place the adsorbent to ensure sufficient adsorption or elimination of hydrogen sulfide, and prevent hydrogen sulfide from being unable to react and then overflowing. In addition, since the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15 are separated, and a waterproof and breathable membrane 50 is provided between the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15, the gas can freely shuttle between the two. Hydrogen sulfide can enter the second chamber 15 and be adsorbed by the adsorbent, while liquid or solid cannot pass through the waterproof and breathable membrane 50, so that the adsorbent located in the second chamber 15 cannot enter the first chamber 12, thereby avoiding the adsorbent from contacting the battery cell assembly 20 in the first chamber 12, and thereby preventing the adsorbent from contacting the battery cell assembly 20 and causing the electrical performance of the battery to deteriorate.

[0032] The adsorbent is in a powdered form. A powdered adsorbent has a larger surface area in contact with the gas. Given the same amount of adsorbent, a powdered adsorbent can adsorb or eliminate more hydrogen sulfide than adsorbents of other shapes. Of course, in other embodiments, the adsorbent can also be in a block shape, such as a cube or cylinder, and the shape is not limited here.

[0033] A channel 11 is provided between the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15. A waterproof breathable membrane 50 is disposed within the channel 11. The channel 11 has two openings, one facing the first chamber 12 and the other facing the second chamber 15. The waterproof breathable membrane 50 covers at least one opening of the channel 11, providing a location for the waterproof breathable membrane 50 to be installed.

[0034] The waterproof breathable membrane 50 is bonded to the side wall of the first chamber 12 and / or the second chamber 15 to cover the opening of the channel 11. The waterproof breathable membrane 50 is bonded to the side wall of the first chamber 12 and / or the second chamber 15 corresponding to the channel 11, that is, covering the channel 11.

[0035] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the waterproof breathable membrane 50 is bonded to one side of the second chamber 15. In other embodiments, the waterproof breathable membrane 50 can also be bonded to one side of the first chamber 12, which is not limited here.

[0036] The waterproof breathable membrane 50 is a PTFE membrane, that is, a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, which can effectively block the adsorbent inside the second chamber 15 and allow hydrogen sulfide gas to enter the second chamber 15 to react with the adsorbent.

[0037] The package 10 is rectangular in shape. A main positive electrode 30 and a main negative electrode 40 extend from opposite sides of the package 10 along a first direction (the X direction in the figure). Both the main positive electrode 30 and the main negative electrode 40 are electrically connected to the cell assembly 20. Two second chambers 15 are provided on opposite sides of the package 10 along a second direction (the Y direction in the figure, which is perpendicular to the X direction). Each second chamber 15 communicates with the first chamber 12 and contains an adsorbent. The portions of the package 10 corresponding to the main positive electrode 30 and the main negative electrode 40 and the second chamber 15 are independent, making this arrangement easier to manufacture and process. Furthermore, if the main positive electrode 30 or the main negative electrode 40 are placed on one side with the second chamber 15, the seal width would be insufficient, resulting in gas leakage. Furthermore, by increasing the size of the second chamber 15, hydrogen sulfide gas escaping from the first chamber 12 can enter the second chamber 15, which is closer to the generated gas, to react with the adsorbent. This shortens the distance between the generation point and the adsorption point of hydrogen sulfide gas.

[0038] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the package 10 includes a first sealing layer 13 and a second sealing layer 14 that are interlocked. The first sealing layer 13 protrudes toward the side away from the second sealing layer 14 to form a first groove 131. The groove wall of the first groove 131 and the partial surface of the second sealing layer 14 facing the first sealing layer 13 together enclose a second chamber 15. When the all-solid-state battery is in use, the second sealing layer 14 is placed upward and the first sealing layer 13 is placed downward. Under the action of gravity, the adsorbent falls into the second chamber 15. When the second chamber 15 is filled with the adsorbent, the adsorbent will not enter the first chamber 12 from the position of the channel 11 between the first chamber 12 and the second chamber 15, thereby preventing the adsorbent from scattering from the second chamber 15 to the first chamber 12.

[0039] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG2 , the second sealing layer 14 protrudes toward a side away from the first sealing layer 13 to form a second groove 141. The groove wall of the first groove 131 and the groove wall of the second groove 141 together enclose a second cavity 15. The second cavity 15 can be as thick as the first cavity 12 in the thickness direction, which appropriately increases the accommodation space of the second cavity 15 and appropriately reduces the size of the package 10 in the first direction.

[0040] A substance that absorbs water vapor may also be added to the adsorption element, thereby preventing water vapor from entering the first chamber 12 from the second chamber 15, fundamentally avoiding contact between the electrolyte and water vapor, and thus preventing the generation of hydrogen sulfide.

[0041] In addition, as shown in Figure 4, the battery cell assembly 20 includes multiple battery cells 21, each battery cell 21 has a positive electrode 23 and a negative electrode 24. The lithium metal in the negative electrode 24 will react with oxygen to generate lithium oxide. Lithium oxide is an insulating material, which makes it impossible for the lithium ions generated by lithium oxide to undergo ion exchange. In addition, the sulfide in the electrolyte will react with oxygen, and oxygen will replace part of the sulfur, resulting in a decrease in electrical conductivity. At high temperatures, oxygen will cause the electrolyte to ignite.

[0042] Substances that absorb oxygen can also be added to the adsorption element to prevent oxygen from reacting with lithium metal, to prevent sulfide from reacting with oxygen, and to prevent oxygen from becoming a combustion aid for the ignition of the electrolyte.

[0043] For all-solid-state batteries, due to their higher internal resistance than liquid-state batteries, they experience a significant temperature rise during rapid charging and discharging, which is detrimental to stable battery operation. Generally, a suitable heat dissipation layer 22 and thermal insulation layer are provided in the battery to control temperature. However, this layer is located far from the interior of the battery cell assembly 20, resulting in poor thermal conductivity and difficulty meeting the requirements.

[0044] As shown in Figure 4, the battery cell assembly 20 includes multiple stacked battery cells 21, with a heat dissipation layer 22 disposed between at least two adjacent battery cells 21. By providing the heat dissipation layer 22 within the battery cell assembly 20, heat is transferred more quickly from the interior of the battery cell assembly 20 to the surface, thereby maintaining the temperature uniformity of the battery cell assembly 20. Compared to traditional laminated or wound batteries, this provides better heat dissipation, and the solid electrolyte lacks fluidity, eliminating the risk of corrosion of the heat dissipation layer 22.

[0045] The heat dissipation layer 22 is a graphene aerogel layer, which can achieve the effect of uniform stress, making the transmission of internal force of the battery cell assembly 20 more controllable and consistent, and helping to improve the cycle stability of the battery cell assembly 20.

[0046] As shown in Figure 4, the thickness of the heat dissipation layer 22 is G, 0.5mm≤G≤5mm. Here, when G>5, the overall thickness of the battery cell assembly 20 is significantly thickened, which is not conducive to thinning the thickness of the battery cell assembly 20. When G<0.5, the heat dissipation and uniform stress effects are poor, so the range of G is set to 0.5≤G≤5. Exemplarily, the value of G can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, etc. For example, 1≤G≤3, for example, G=1.2, when the heat dissipation layer 22 is too thin, it cannot withstand the volume expansion changes of the battery cell assembly 20 during operation, and it is difficult to transmit force evenly. If the heat dissipation layer 22 is too thick, the aerogel will be severely deformed during the battery pressurization process, affecting the internal structure of the battery.

Claims

1. All-solid-state batteries, including: A packaging member (10) having a first chamber (12) and a second chamber (15) formed therein and communicating with each other; A battery cell assembly (20) and an adsorbent, wherein the battery cell assembly (20) is accommodated in the first chamber (12), the adsorbent is accommodated in the second chamber (15), and the adsorbent is configured to adsorb or eliminate hydrogen sulfide; a waterproof and breathable membrane (50) is provided between the first chamber (12) and the second chamber (15).

2. The all-solid-state battery according to claim 1, wherein: A channel (11) is provided between the first chamber (12) and the second chamber (15); the waterproof breathable membrane (50) is arranged in the channel (11); the channel (11) has two openings facing the first chamber (12) and the second chamber (15) respectively; and the waterproof breathable membrane (50) covers at least one opening of the channel (11).

3. The all-solid-state battery according to claim 2, wherein: The waterproof and breathable membrane (50) is bonded to the side wall of at least one of the first chamber (12) and the second chamber (15) to cover the opening of the channel (11).

4. The all-solid-state battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Satisfy at least one of the following: The packaging member (10) is provided with a circumferential sealing arrangement; The adsorbent is in powder form.

5. The all-solid-state battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The package (10) is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a total positive electrode (30) and a total negative electrode (40) are respectively extended from two opposite sides of the package (10) along a first direction, and the total positive electrode (30) and the total negative electrode (40) are both electrically connected to the battery cell assembly (20). Two second chambers (15) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the package (10) along a second direction, and each second chamber (15) is communicated with the first chamber (12), and each second chamber (15) is correspondingly provided with the adsorption member.

6. The all-solid-state battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The packaging component (10) comprises a first sealing layer (13) and a second sealing layer (14); the first sealing layer (13) and the second sealing layer (14) are interlocked; the first sealing layer (13) protrudes toward a side away from the second sealing layer (14) to form a first groove (131); the groove wall of the first groove (131) and a part of the surface of the second sealing layer (14) facing the first sealing layer (13) together enclose the second chamber (15).

7. The all-solid-state battery according to claim 6, wherein: The second sealing layer (14) protrudes toward a side away from the first sealing layer (13) to form a second groove (141), and the groove wall of the first groove (131) and the groove wall of the second groove (141) jointly enclose the second chamber (15).

8. The all-solid-state battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The battery cell assembly (20) comprises a plurality of stacked battery cells (21), wherein a heat dissipation layer (22) is provided between at least two adjacent battery cells (21) among the plurality of stacked battery cells (21).

9. The all-solid-state battery according to claim 8, wherein: The heat dissipation layer (22) is a graphene aerogel layer.

10. The all-solid-state battery according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: The thickness of the heat dissipation layer (22) is G, 0.5 mm≤G≤5 mm.

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