Improved system and method for producing recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particles
By introducing specific mutations in the helicase domain of Rep proteins, the DNA packaging efficiency of recombinant AAV particles is enhanced, addressing the challenges of high production costs and prolonged development timelines for AAV-based therapies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/139182
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-13
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for producing recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particles face challenges in DNA packaging efficiency, leading to high manufacturing costs, potential immune responses, and prolonged development timelines for AAV-based therapies.
Engineering the helicase domain of Rep proteins by introducing specific mutations, such as Q403R, K406R, Q442F, Q442H, or M445I, to enhance the DNA packaging efficiency of rAAV particles.
The mutations in the helicase domain improve DNA packaging efficiency, reducing production costs, enhancing the purity and safety of AAV-based therapies, and accelerating the development of these therapies.
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Figure PCTCN2024139182-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
IMPROVED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING RECOMBINANT DNA-PACKAGED AAV PARTICLES
[0001] REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The instant application claims the priority to and the benefit of the filing date of PCT / CN2023 / 138451, filed on December 13, 2023, the entire contents of which, including any drawings and sequence listing, are incorporated herein by reference.
[0003] REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0004] The disclosure contains a Sequence Listing XML file which has been submitted electronically in XML format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said XML copy, created on December 13, 2024, by software “WIPO Sequence” according to WIPO Standard ST. 26, is named HGP042PCT. xml, and is 126, 411 bytes in size.
[0005] According to WIPO Standard ST. 26, symbol “t” is used to denote both T in DNA and U in RNA. Thus, in the instant sequence listing prepared according to ST. 26, wherever a sequence is an RNA, the T in the sequence shall be deemed as U.BACKGROUND
[0006] Recombinant AAV particle encapsulating / packaging a DNA genome (recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particle;
[0007] rAAV particle) is a common tool to delivery DNA of interest to various targets. It would be desired to develop and provide improved system and method to produce DNA-packaged AAV particles.
[0008] Citation or identification of any document in the disclosure is not an admission that such a document is available as prior art to the disclosure. Each of the references mentioned or cited in the disclosure is incorporated by reference in its entirety.SUMMARY
[0009] The disclosure is related, at least in part, to the findings that the helicase domain of Rep proteins can be engineered by introducing one or more mutations to improve the DNA packaging efficiency of the production of rAAV particles, which may be due to the influence of the introduced mutation (s) on the DNA winding / unwinding ability of the helicase domain.
[0010] In an aspect, provided in the disclosure is a Rep (e.g., Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, Rep40) protein comprising a helicase domain comprising an amino acid mutation (e.g., substitution) relative to a reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) or a reference Rep protein (e.g., AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein the amino acid mutation is at a position corresponding to a position selected from the group consisting of Q403, K406, Q442, and M445 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 or 1, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0011] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a helicase comprising the helicase domain of the disclosure.
[0012] In yet another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a fusion protein comprising (1) the helicase domain or the helicase of the disclosure, and (2) a functional domain; optionally, the functional domain comprises a DNA binding domain.
[0013] In yet another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) encoding the Rep protein, the helicase, or the fusion protein of the disclosure; optionally, the polynucleotide further encodes a Cap protein, e.g., a Cap protein of a AAV virus of a serotype selected from the group consisting of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh74, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ, AAV. PHP. eB, Anc80L65, Anc80L65AAP, and 7m8; optionally, the polynucleotide further encoding E1, E2a, E4, and / or VA RNA from adenovirus.
[0014] In yet another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a composition comprising the polynucleotide of the disclosure; optionally, the composition further comprises a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) comprising a gene of interest (GOI) , e.g., a DNA sequence encoding a protein of interest, and a DNA-packaging signal (DPS) , e.g., an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) ; optionally, the composition further comprises a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) encoding E1, E2a, E4, and / or VA RNA from adenovirus.
[0015] In yet another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a cell comprising the Rep protein, the helicase, the fusion protein, the polynucleotide, or the composition of the disclosure.
[0016] In yet another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a method for the production of a recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particle (rAAV particle) , said method comprising:
[0017] a) culturing the cell of the disclosure for a sufficient time to produce a rAAV particle or a population thereof, and
[0018] b) harvesting the rAAV particle or the population thereof.
[0019] The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forth in the description below. Other features or advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following drawings and detailed description of several embodiments, and also from the appended claims. It is understood that any aspect or embodiment of the disclosure can be combined with any other one or more aspects or embodiments of the disclosure, including aspects or embodiments only described in one sub-section, only in the examples, or only in the claims, to constitute another embodiment explicitly or implicitly disclosed herein unless otherwise indicated.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] An understanding of the features and advantages of the disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the disclosure may be utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0021] Fig. 1 shows the principle of production of recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particles. ITRs: inverted terminal repeats; CAG: CAG promoter; WPRE, Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element; pA: poly (A) ; rep 2: rep gene encoding Rep proteins (Rep40, Rep52, Rep68, Rep70) from AAV2; cap: cap gene encoding Cap proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3) .
[0022] Fig. 2 shows schematic of AAV2 Rep78 protein and the helicase domain in AAV2 Rep78 protein. All AAV2 Rep proteins (i.e., Rep78, Rep68, Rep50, and Rep42) contain the same helicase domain.
[0023] Fig. 3 shows phylogenetic analysis of the helicase domains of 47 SF3 viral helicase using AlignX program of Vector NTI software.
[0024] Fig. 4 shows alignment of the helicase domains of 47 SF3 viral helicases using AlignX program of Vector NTI software. The mutations tested are marked with black boxes.
[0025] Fig. 5 shows alignment of the helicase domains of 47 SF3 viral helicases using MUSCLE program of Jalview software. The mutations tested are marked with black boxes.
[0026] Fig. 6 shows helicase mutagenesis for improving productivity (DNA packaging efficiency) of rAAV particles. Measurement of fold change of DNA packaging efficiency of AAV production system with the indicated helicase mutation over negative control system without the helicase mutation. The mutations exhibited enhanced AAV productivity are labelled as red dots.
[0027] The figures herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily drawn to scale.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The disclosure will be described with respect to particular embodiments, but the disclosure is not limited thereto in any respect. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Terms as set forth hereinafter are generally to be understood in their plain and ordinary meaning or common sense unless indicated otherwise.
[0029] I. Definition
[0030] The disclosure will be described with respect to particular embodiments, but the disclosure is not limited thereto in any respect. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Terms as set forth hereinafter are generally to be understood in their plain and ordinary meaning or common sense unless indicated otherwise.
[0031] As used herein, the terms “nucleic acid” , “polynucleotide” , and “nucleotide sequence” are used interchangeably to refer to a polymeric form of nucleotides of any length, including deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, combinations thereof, and analogs or modifications thereof.
[0032] As used herein, the terms “polypeptide” and “peptide” are used interchangeably herein to refer to polymers of amino acids of any length. A protein may have one or more polypeptides. An amino acid polymer can also be modified, for example, by disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation, such as conjugation with a labeling component.
[0033] As used herein, the term “wild type” has the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to mean a typical form of an organism, a strain, a gene, or a feature that distinguishes it from a mutant or variant when it exists in nature. It can be isolated from sources in nature and not intentionally modified.
[0034] As used herein, the term “sequence identity” is related to sequence homology. Homology comparisons may be conducted by eye, or more usually, with the aid of readily available sequence comparison programs. These commercially available computer programs may calculate percentage sequence identity (%) between two or more sequences (polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences) . Sequence homologies may be generated by any of a number of computer programs known in the art, for example, BLAST, FASTA. A suitable computer program for carrying out such an alignment is the GCG Wisconsin Bestfit package (University of Wisconsin, U. S. A; Devereux et al., 1984, Nucleic Acids Research 12: 387) . Examples of other software than may perform sequence comparisons include, but are not limited to, the BLAST package (see Ausubel et al., 1999 ibid-Chapter 18) , FASTA (Atschul et al., 1990, J. Mol. Biol., 403-410) , and the GENEWORKS suite of comparison tools. Both BLAST and FASTA are available for offline and online searching (see Ausubel et al., 1999 ibid, pages 7-58 to 7-60) . A commonly used online tool to calculate percentage sequence identity between two or more sequences (polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences) is available on the website of EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (www dot ebi dot ac dot uk slash jdispatcher slash) , allowing fast online calculation of percentage sequence identity by global alignment or local alignment.
[0035] As used herein, the term “cell” is understood to refer not only to a particular individual cell, but to the progeny or potential progeny of the cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term.
[0036] As used herein, reference to “not” a value or parameter generally means and describes “other than” a value or parameter. For example, the method is not used to treat cancer of type X means the method may be used to treat cancer of types other than X.
[0037] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0038] As used herein, the term “and / or” in a phrase such as “A and / or B” is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0039] As used herein, when the term “about” is ahead of a serious of numbers (for example, about 1, 2, 3) , it is understood that each of the serious of numbers is modified by the term “about” (that is, about 1, about 2, about 3) . The term “about X-Y” or “about X to Y” used herein has the same meaning as “about X to about Y. ”
[0040] It is understood that embodiments of the disclosure described herein include “consisting” and / or “consisting essentially of” embodiments.
[0041] It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely” , “only” , and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation.
[0042] II. Overview
[0043] Rep protein is encoded by the rep gene of AAV viruses and involved in at least packaging of AAV viruses. Rep protein is a non-structural protein different from Cap protein encoded by the cap gene of AAV viruses that is structural protein that constitutes the capsid of AAV virus. Rep gene encodes four (4) types of Rep proteins with different lengths, known as Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, and Rep40, respectively. For example, the amino acid sequences of Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, and Rep40 of AAV2 are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 95, 96, and 97, respectively, and they are partially overlapped. The amino acid sequences of Rep78 of AAV10, AAV11, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV1, AAV6, AAV12, AAV2, AAV13, AAV4, AAV3A, AAV3B, and AAV5 are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2-9, 1, and 10-14, respectively, and they have a certain sequence similarity. Rep78 is also termed as “full viral protein sequence” in the disclosure.
[0044] The Rep protein of AAV contain a helicase / ATPase domain ( “helicase domain” for short) for DNA packaging (Fig. 1 and 2) . For example, the Rep proteins of AAV2, i.e., AAV2 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 1; Fig. 2) , AAV2 Rep68 (SEQ ID NO: 95) , AAV2 Rep52 (SEQ ID NO: 96) , and AAV2 Rep40 (SEQ ID NO: 97) , share a common helicase domain as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48.
[0045] Referring to Fig. 1, a triple plasmid system is typically used for rAAV production, comprising (1) a GOI plasmid (e.g., pAAV-Transgene in Fig. 1) comprising a gene of interest (GOI) , e.g., a protein-encoding polynucleotide, flanked by DNA-packaging signals (e.g., inverted terminal repeat (ITR) ) , (2) a RC plasmid (e.g., pRep-Cap in Fig. 1) encoding Rep proteins and Cap proteins, and (3) a helper plasmid (e.g., pAd-Helper in Fig. 1) encoding additional factors necessary for AAV replication, e.g., E2a, E4, and VA RNA from adenovirus.
[0046] The disclosure is related, at least in part, to the findings that the helicase domain of Rep proteins can be engineered by introducing one or more mutations to improve the DNA packaging efficiency of the production of rAAV particles, which may be due to the influence of the introduced mutation (s) on the DNA winding / unwinding ability of the helicase domain.
[0047] As demonstrated in Example 1, single amino acid substitution Q403R, K406R, Q442F, Q442H, or M445I shows increased DNA packaging efficiency of the production of rAAV particles as compared to a negative control without such mutation. Although the helicase mutations tested herein are based on the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) of AAV2 Rep proteins (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 95-97) , similar or corresponding mutations in the Rep proteins from the other AAV or DNA viruses, e.g., AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAVrh74, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh10, are also envisaged and within the scope of the disclosure.
[0048] Improving DNA packaging efficiency of rAAV production can bring several significant benefits to the development of AAV-based therapies. Enhanced DNA packaging efficiency is particularly important given the high manufacturing expenses associated with AAV-based therapies. By optimizing the packaging process, manufacturers can produce more effective therapies at a lower cost, making them more accessible to patients. Enhanced DNA packaging efficiency also reduces the risk of contamination with non-functional or empty rAAV particles, which could potentially elicit immune responses or other adverse effects in patients. A purer preparation with a higher percentage of active vectors minimizes these risks, enhancing the safety profile of AAV-based therapies. Improving DNA packaging efficiency can also accelerate the development timeline of AAV-based therapies. With a more efficient production process, researchers can generate sufficient quantities of high-quality rAAV particles more rapidly, enabling faster progression through preclinical and clinical trials. This can expedite the time it takes to bring new AAV-based therapies to market, benefiting patients who are awaiting effective treatments.
[0049] III. Rep protein
[0050] Therefore, in an aspect, provided in the disclosure is a Rep (e.g., Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, Rep40) protein comprising a helicase domain comprising an amino acid mutation (e.g., substitution) relative to a reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) or a reference Rep protein (e.g., AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1) .
[0051] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is at a position corresponding to a position selected from the group consisting of positions 308-463, optionally position 325-461, of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 or 1, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0052] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is at a position corresponding to the position of a conserved amino acid (e.g., a position corresponding to M445 of SEQ ID NO: 88) across at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100% of the Rep proteins (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 1-47) of more than one ssDNA virus.
[0053] In some embodiments, the reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) comprises, from N-to C-terminus, Motif A, Motif B, Motif B’, Motif C, and Arginine Finger (R finger) .
[0054] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is at a position corresponding to a position in one or more of Motif A, Motif B, Motif B’, Motif C of the reference helicase domain, a upstream region no more than about 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, or 5 amino acids from the N-terminal of any one of Motif A, Motif B, Motif B’, Motif C, and Arginine Finger (R finger) of the reference helicase domain, and a downstream region no more than about 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, or 5 amino acids from the C-terminal of any one of Motif A, Motif B, Motif B’, Motif C, and Arginine Finger (R finger) of the reference helicase domain.
[0055] In some embodiments, the Motif B comprises, consists essentially of, or consists the amino acids at positions corresponding to position 374 through position 379 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0056] In some embodiments, the Motif B’ comprises, consists essentially of, or consists the amino acids at positions corresponding to position 391 through position 404 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0057] In some embodiments, the Motif C comprises, consists essentially of, or consists the amino acids at positions corresponding to position 416 through 421 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0058] In some embodiments, the Arginine Finger (R finger) is Arginine at a position corresponding to position 444 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0059] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is at a position corresponding to a position selected from the group consisting of Q403, K406, Q442, and M445 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 or 1, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0060] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is a substitution.
[0061] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is a conservative substitution or a non-conservative substitution.
[0062] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is a substitution with a non-polar amino acid residue (such as, Glycine (Gly / G) , Alanine (Ala / A) , Valine (Val / V) , Cysteine (Cys / C) , Proline (Pro / P) , Leucine (Leu / L) , Isoleucine (Ile / I) , Methionine (Met / M) , Tryptophan (Trp / W) , Phenylalanine (Phe / F) , a polar amino acid residue (such as, Serine (Ser / S) , Threonine (Thr / T) , Tyrosine (Tyr / Y) , Asparagine (Asn / N) , Glutamine (Gln / Q) ) , a positively charged amino acid residue (such as, Lysine (Lys / K) , Arginine (Arg / R) , Histidine (His / H) ) , or a negatively charged amino acid residue (such as, Aspartic Acid (Asp / D) , Glutamic Acid (Glue / E) ) .
[0063] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is corresponding to a substitution selected from the group consisting of Q403R, K406R, Q442F, Q442H, M445I, and a combination thereof, relative to a reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) or a reference Rep protein (e.g., AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0064] In some embodiments, the amino acid mutation is corresponding to M445I relative to a reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) or a reference Rep protein (e.g., AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0065] As used in the disclosure, a position or mutation of a second polypeptide or polynucleotide corresponding to an indicated position or mutation of a first polypeptide or polynucleotide is determined by sequence alignment of the two polypeptides or polynucleotides and identification of the position or mutation of the second polypeptide or polynucleotide aligned to the indicated position or mutation of the first polypeptide or polynucleotide. Exemplary sequence alignment of helicase domains or viral proteins are shown in Fig. 4-5. For example, a position of a Rep protein or helicase domain of the disclosure corresponding to position M445 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 48 may be (1) position M445 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 48 itself, or (2) M447 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 5) of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 52. For example, a mutation of a Rep protein or helicase domain of the disclosure corresponding to mutation M445I (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) relative to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 48 may be (1) mutation M445I (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) relative to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 48 itself, or (2) M447I (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 5) relative to SEQ ID NO: 5 or 52.
[0066] As used in the disclosure, the phrase “the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: X” or a similar phrase indicates how a position is numbered. For example, “M445 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) ” means that the indicated amino acid residue M (Met) is the 445th amino acid residue (or to say, at position 445) of SEQ ID NO: 1 as counted from the most N-terminal of SEQ ID NO: 1. In the case that the Rep protein of the disclosure contains the helicase domain of the disclosure, a position in the helicase domain can be either numbered according to the full length of the Rep protein or numbered according to the full length of the helicase domain. For example, position A344 of AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1; alternatively, position A344 can be termed as position A37 numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 48.
[0067] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is a viral protein of a DNA virus.
[0068] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is a reference Rep78 protein, a reference Rep68 protein, a reference Rep52 protein, or a reference Rep40 protein.
[0069] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein, the reference Rep78 protein, the reference Rep68 protein, the reference Rep52 protein, and the reference Rep40 protein are from a wild type AAV virus.
[0070] In some embodiments, the wild type AAV virus has a serotype selected from the group consisting of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh74, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ, AAV. PHP. eB, Anc80L65, Anc80L65AAP, and 7m8.
[0071] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-47, 95, 96, and 97.
[0072] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-47.
[0073] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is Rep78 from AAV2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0074] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is Rep68 from AAV2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 95.
[0075] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is Rep52 from AAV2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 96.
[0076] In some embodiments, the reference Rep protein is Rep40 from AAV2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 97.
[0077] In some embodiments, the reference helicase domain is the helicase domain of a reference helicase, e.g., a wild type helicase.
[0078] In some embodiments, the reference helicase is a superfamily 3 (SF3) helicase and / or a helicase capable of unwinding DNA (e.g., ssDNA) .
[0079] In some embodiments, the reference helicase domain is the helicase domain of the reference Rep protein of the disclosure.
[0080] In some embodiments, the reference helicase domain comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 48-94.
[0081] In some embodiments, the reference helicase domain is set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 48-94.
[0082] In some embodiments, the reference helicase domain is the helicase domain of Rep78 from AAV2 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48.
[0083] In some embodiments, the Rep protein comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) and less than 100%to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-47.
[0084] In some embodiments, the Rep protein comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99.
[0085] In some embodiments, the helicase domain comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) and less than 100%to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 48-94.
[0086] In some embodiments, the helicase domain comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98.
[0087] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a helicase comprising a helicase domain comprising the amino acid mutation as described in the disclosure.
[0088] In yet another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a fusion protein comprising (1) the helicase domain or the helicase as described in the disclosure and (2) a functional domain; optionally, the functional domain comprises a DNA binding domain. Such a fusion protein may be used to mimic the function of the Rep protein in rAAV production or other use.
[0089] IV. rAAV production
[0090] Typically, a vector, for example, a plasmid, is used to deliver a Rep protein for the rAAV production, as in the triple plasmid system conventionally used nowadays. rAAV and rAAV production are also disclosed in US12163152B2, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, including terms and definitions.
[0091] Therefore, in an aspect, provided in the disclosure is a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) encoding the Rep protein, the helicase, or the fusion protein of the disclosure.
[0092] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further encodes a Cap protein, e.g., a Cap protein of a AAV virus of a serotype selected from the group consisting of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh74, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ, AAV. PHP. eB, Anc80L65, Anc80L65AAP, and 7m8.
[0093] In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further encoding E1, E2a, E4, and / or VA RNA from adenovirus.
[0094] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a composition comprising the polynucleotide of the disclosure.
[0095] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) comprising a gene of interest (GOI) , e.g., a DNA sequence encoding a protein of interest, and a DNA-packaging signal (DPS) , e.g., an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) .
[0096] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) encoding E1, E2a, E4, and / or VA RNA from adenovirus.
[0097] As used herein, the term “polynucleotide” is used interchangeably with “nucleic acid” .
[0098] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a vector comprising the polynucleotide of the disclosure.
[0099] In some embodiments, the vector is a plasmid.
[0100] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a system for packaging a DNA into an AAV capsid to produce a recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particle (rAAV particle) ,
[0101] wherein the DNA comprises:
[0102] (a) a DNA sequence of interest (DSI) , e.g., a DNA sequence encoding a protein of interest, and
[0103] (b) a DNA-packaging signal (DPS) , e.g., an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) ;
[0104] wherein the system comprises:
[0105] (1) one or more capsid proteins (e.g., VP1, VP2, and / or VP3) for assembling the AAV capsid, or one or more coding sequences therefor, or a polynucleotide comprising said coding sequences;
[0106] (2) one or more the Rep proteins (e.g., Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, Rep40) of the disclosure, or one or more coding sequences therefor, or a polynucleotide comprising said coding sequences;
[0107] (3) the DNA, or a coding sequence therefor, or a polynucleotide comprising said coding sequence, e.g., a transgene vector comprising or encoding the DNA; and
[0108] (4) optionally, one or more helper proteins required for AAV packaging (e.g., helper proteins from adenoviral E2a, E4, and / or VA genes) , or one or more coding sequences therefor, or a polynucleotide comprising said coding sequences.
[0109] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a cell comprising the Rep protein, the helicase, the fusion protein, the polynucleotide, the composition, the system, or the vector of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the cell is isolated. In some embodiments, the cell is HEK293T cell.
[0110] In another aspect, provided in the disclosure is a method for the production of a recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particle (rAAV particle) , said method comprising:
[0111] a) culturing the cell of the disclosure for a sufficient time to produce a rAAV particle or a population thereof, and
[0112] b) harvesting the rAAV particle or the population thereof.
[0113] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particle (rAAV particle) or a population thereof produced by the method of the disclosure.
[0114] In some embodiments, the rAAV particle is self-complementary AAV (scAAV) .
[0115] In some embodiments, the rAAV particle encapsulates a single strand DNA or a double strand DNA.
[0116] In some embodiments, the rAAV particle comprises a capsid of a serotype selected from the group consisting of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh74, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ, AAV. PHP. eB, Anc80L65, Anc80L65AAP, 7m8, and mutants thereof.
[0117] As demonstrated in the disclosure, the method using the Rep protein containing the mutation of the disclosure in its helicase domain (also known as “helicase mutation” in the disclosure) achieved increased DNA packaging efficiency in the production of rAAV particles as compared to an otherwise identical method using Rep protein NOT containing the helicase mutation (negative control method) . Therefore, the increase is attributed to the helicase mutation. For brevity, such helicase mutation is referred to herein having increased DNA packaging efficiency, although the increased DNA packaging efficiency refers to the overall property of the method of producing rAAV particles by using the helicase mutation. The Examples of the disclosure provides specific examples and details for the measurement of the DNA packaging efficiency indicated by the viral DNA titer of the produced rAAV particles.
[0118] Without wishing to be bound to theory, it is believed that the helicase mutation may lead to an increased DNA unwinding ability of the helicase domain of the Rep protein comprising the helicase mutation as compared to an otherwise identical helicase domain or Rep protein without the helicase mutation. The DNA unwinding property refers to the capability of helicase to recognize and unwind a ssDNA to allow the unwound ssDNA to be packaged into a AAV capsid. It is believed that the increased DNA unwinding ability facilitates DNA packaging of rAAV production. In other words, the increase of DNA unwinding ability of the helicase domain is indicated indirectly by the increase of DNA packaging efficiency.
[0119] EXAMPLES
[0120] The following examples are provided to further illustrate some embodiments of the disclosure but are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure; it will be understood by their exemplary nature that other procedures, methodologies, or techniques known to those skilled in the art may alternatively be used.
[0121] Materials and Methods
[0122] Cell culture
[0123] Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) were maintained at 37℃ with 5%CO2 in DMEM (Hyclone, H30243.01) supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum (Gibco, 10099-141C) , 1%MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (Gibco, 11140050) and 1%Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine (Gibco, 10378016) .
[0124] Plasmids
[0125] Plasmids were cloned using PCR amplification with Phanta Max Super-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Vazyme, P505-d1) and assembled with NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix (NEB, E2621L) .
[0126] Production of AAV particles
[0127] AAV particles were produced and purified in an identical manner. HEK293T cells were maintained in DMEM with 10%fetal bovine serum in 150-mm dishes and passaged every 2-3 days. Cells were seeded at 1.5E7 cells per 15 cm dish one day before polyethyleneimine (Polysciences 24765-1) transfection. Then, 15 μg AAV transgene plasmid, 15 μg AAV packaging plasmid and 30 μg pAd-Helper were transfected per plate. The day after transfection, the media was exchanged for fresh DMEM with 2%fetal bovine serum. The supernatants of transfected cells were collected on day 2 and day 5 post transfection. Cells were also scraped with a rubber cell scraper on day 5, pelleted by centrifugation for 10 min at 3000 g, resuspended in 500 μL hypertonic lysis buffer per plate (10 mM Tris base, 150 mM NaCl and 10 mM MgCl2) and lysed via three repeated cycles of freeze / thaw. Add 125 U mL-1 Benzonase nuclease (Sigma, E1014-25KU) to the cell lysate and incubate at 37℃ for 1 h to remove cellular nucleic acids and residual plasmids. The collected supernatants were mixed with a 5× solution of 40%poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) in 2.5 M NaCl (final concentration: 8%PEG / 500 mM NaCl) , incubated on ice overnight to facilitate PEG precipitation, and spun at 3000 g for 15 min. The pellet was resuspended in 500 μL lysis buffer per plate and also treated with 100 U mL-1 Benzonase nuclease (Sigma, E1014-25KU) at 37℃ for 1 h. Combine the resuspended virus from concentrated supernatants with cell lysates, and the obtained crude virus were clarified by centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 min and added to Beckman Quick-Seal tubes (Beckman, 342414) via Cotton-plugged Sterile Pasteur Pipets (Kimble, 63B95P) . A discontinuous iodixanol gradient was formed by sequentially floating layers: 9 mL 15%iodixanol in lysis buffer with 1 M NaCl, 7 mL each of 25 and 40%iodixanol in lysis buffer, and 5 mL 58%iodixanol in lysis buffer. Phenol red at a final concentration of 1 μg mL-1 was added to the 25 and 58%layers to facilitate identification. Ultracentrifugation was performed using a Type 70 Ti rotor in an OPTIMA XE-90 Ultracentrifuge (Beckman Coulter) at 68,000 rpm for 1 h 30 min at 18℃. Following ultracentrifugation, 5 mL of solution was withdrawn from the 40–58%iodixanol interface via a 14-gauge needle, dialyzed with PBS containing 0.001%F-68 using 100-kD MWCO columns (EMD Millipore) . The concentrated viral solution was sterile-filtered using a 0.22-μm filter. The final AAV preparation was aliquoted and stored at -80℃ until use.
[0128] Extraction and quantification of viral genome
[0129] The purified AAVs were first subjected to nuclease treatment (including DNase I and RNase I) at 37℃ for 3 hours to remove unencapsidated DNA. After nucleases digestion, AAVs were treated with proteinase K (0.5 mg / mL) in a buffer containing 25mM Tris-HCl (pH7.4) , 10 mM EDTA, 100 mM NaCl and 0.5%SDS at 65℃ for about 3 hours to rupture the viral particles and release the packaged genomes. The nuclease-resistant viral genomes were then purified by phenol / chloroform extraction, recovered by isopropanol precipitation (Add 1 μg carrier DNA to each sample) , and dissolved in nuclease-free Water.
[0130] The extracted viral genomes were directly subjected to qPCR to quantify the viral DNA titer. To quantify the viral DNA titer, extracted genomes were first digested with gDNA wiper Mix (Vazyme, R223-01) to remove viral DNAs. Undigested viral DNAs were then reverse-transcribed into cDNAs and quantified via qPCR.
[0131] qPCR
[0132] Total cellular DNA was extracted with TIANamp genomic DNA kit (TIANGEN, DP304-03) . qPCR was performed using AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (Vazyme, Q111-02) on a CFX96 TouchTM Real-time PCR System (Bio-Rad) according to manufacturer’s guidelines.
[0133] EXAMPLE 1: engineering of helicase domain of Rep proteins
[0134] It is surmised herein that the DNA packaging efficiency for constructing recombinant AAV particles may be elevated by engineering such helicase via mutagenesis. AAV helicases belong to the superfamily 3 (SF3) helicases, which contain four conserved motifs, Motif A, Motif B, Motif B', and Motif C that constitute the core of the helicase domain (Fig. 2) . A conserved arginine finger is located after (downstream of) motif C. The sequences of 47 SF3 helicase-containing viral proteins (22 ssDNA and 25 dsDNA viral proteins) from AAVs and non-AAV virus were obtained from GenBank and UniProt (Table 1) . The helicase domains of these 47 viral proteins were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed via AlignX (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) . They were also aligned by MUSCLE (Fig. 5) . These analyses revealed multiple highly conserved regions across all the helicase domains of the viral proteins, as well as some divergent positions (loci) between ssDNA and dsDNA viruses or between AAVs and other ssDNA and / or dsDNA viruses (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) . For example, 20 of 22 helicase domains of the viral proteins of the 22 ssDNA viruses (or alternatively, the helicase domains of the viral proteins of all the AAVs) has amino acid residue M at a position corresponding to position 445 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1; or position 138 numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) of the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) of AAV2 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 1) , e.g., M445 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1; or M138 numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) of the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) of AAV2 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 1) , M447 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 5; or M138 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 52) ) of the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 52) of AAV8 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 5) , whereas most (23) of the amino acid residue of the helicase domains of the 25 dsDNA viruses at a position corresponding to position 445 (numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1; or position 138 numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1) of the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) of AAV2 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 1) are not M. Thus, the position (locus) corresponding to position 445 of the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) of AAV2 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 1) is a divergent position (locus) between ssDNA and dsDNA viruses, or alternatively, the position (locus) corresponding to position 445 of the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) of AAV2 Rep78 (SEQ ID NO: 1) is a divergent position (locus) between AAV and other ssDNA and / or dsDNA viruses.
[0135] Research was made on such divergent loci within the conserved regions of the viral proteins, and 25 positions including G325, K326, R327, N328, F333, T360, N361, E362, I375, W376, E378, E379, K391, A392, G395, Q403, K404, C405, K406, P440, Q442, D443, M445, L454, and V461 were identified as candidates for mutagenesis. 30 single substitutions in the helicase domain (SEQ ID NO: 48) shared by AAV2 Rep proteins (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 95-97) were conducted at the 25 positions, and 5 (Q403R, K406R, Q442F, Q442H, M445I) of the 30 single substitutions that exhibited increased DNA packaging efficiency than the negative control without such substitution were identified. Among others, M445I mutation achieved the highest (about 3.41-fold) enhancement in DNA packaging efficiency than the negative control without such substitution (Fig. 6, Table 3) . The DNA packaging efficiency was denoted by the measured DNA titer of the produced rAAV particles.
[0136] Table 3. List of single helicase mutations.
[0137] * * *
[0138] Various modifications and variations of the described products, methods, and uses of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Although the disclosure has been described in connection with specific embodiments, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and that the disclosure as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the disclosure that are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure come within known customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains and may be applied to the essential features herein before set forth.
[0139] EXEMPLARY SEQUENCE
[0140] Table 1. List of 47 viral protein sequences that contain an SF3 helicase used for alignment.
[0141] Table 2. List of 47 viral protein sequences and 47 helicase domain sequences.
Claims
1.A Rep (e.g., Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, Rep40) protein comprising a helicase domain comprising an amino acid mutation (e.g., substitution) relative to a reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) or a reference Rep protein (e.g., AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein the amino acid mutation is at a position corresponding to a position selected from the group consisting of Q403, K406, Q442, and M445 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48 or 1, wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.2.The Rep protein of claim 1, wherein the amino acid mutation is corresponding to a substitution selected from the group consisting of Q403R, K406R, Q442F, Q442H, M445I, and a combination thereof, relative to a reference helicase domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 48) or a reference Rep protein (e.g., AAV2 Rep78 of SEQ ID NO: 1) , wherein the position is numbered according to SEQ ID NO: 1.3.The Rep protein of claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference Rep protein is a reference Rep78 protein, a reference Rep68 protein, a reference Rep52 protein, or a reference Rep40 protein; optionally, wherein the reference Rep protein, the reference Rep78 protein, the reference Rep68 protein, the reference Rep52 protein, and the reference Rep40 protein are from a wild type AAV virus; optionally, wherein the wild type AAV virus has a serotype selected from the group consisting of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh74, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ, AAV. PHP. eB, Anc80L65, Anc80L65AAP, and 7m8.4.The Rep protein of any preceding claim, wherein the reference Rep protein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-47, 95, 96, and 97; or wherein the reference helicase domain comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 48-94.5.The Rep protein of any preceding claim, wherein the Rep protein comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) and less than 100%to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-47.6.The Rep protein of any preceding claim, wherein the Rep protein comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99.7.The Rep protein of any preceding claim, wherein the helicase domain comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least about 30% (e.g., at least about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9%) and less than 100%to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 48-94.8.The Rep protein of any preceding claim, wherein the helicase domain comprising said amino acid mutation comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98.9.A helicase comprising the helicase domain as defined in any one of claims 1-9.10.A fusion protein comprising (1) the helicase domain as defined in any one of claims 1-9 or the helicase of claim 9, and (2) a functional domain; optionally, the functional domain comprises a DNA binding domain.11.A polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) encoding the Rep protein of any one of claims 1-8, the helicase of claim 9, or the fusion protein of claim 10; optionally, the polynucleotide further encodes a Cap protein, e.g., a Cap protein of a AAV virus of a serotype selected from the group consisting of AAV1, AAV2, AAV3A, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV13, AAVrh74, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ, AAV. PHP. eB, Anc80L65, Anc80L65AAP, and 7m8; optionally, the polynucleotide further encoding E1, E2a, E4, and / or VA RNA from adenovirus.12.A composition comprising the polynucleotide of claim 11; optionally, the composition further comprises a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) comprising a gene of interest (GOI) , e.g., a DNA sequence encoding a protein of interest, and a DNA-packaging signal (DPS) , e.g., an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) ; optionally, the composition further comprises a polynucleotide (e.g., a plasmid) encoding E1, E2a, E4, and / or VA RNA from adenovirus.13.A cell comprising the Rep protein of any one of claims 1-8, the helicase of claim 9, the fusion protein of claim 10, the polynucleotide of claim 11, or the composition of claim 12.14.A method for the production of a recombinant DNA-packaged AAV particle (rAAV particle) , said method comprising:a) culturing the cell of claim 13 for a sufficient time to produce a rAAV particle or a population thereof, andb) harvesting the rAAV particle or the population thereof.
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