Selective high-definition map downloading
The selective downloading of HD maps for autonomous vehicles addresses the challenges of resource intensity and frequent updates by using incremental transmission strategies and outer coding, improving efficiency and map availability in dense environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/140965
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
High-definition (HD) maps for autonomous and driver-assisted vehicles are resource-intensive and require frequent updates, which can strain network resources and lead to difficulties in downloading maps in dense vehicle environments due to network limitations and environmental factors.
A method for selectively downloading HD maps to mobile devices, involving the reception of HD map tiles from a network entity, updating a previously stored HD map with the received tiles, and storing the updated map in the device's memory. This method also includes a network entity that determines the required HD map tiles based on a request from the mobile device and transmits them accordingly.
The method improves the efficiency of HD map downloading by utilizing storage and incremental transmission strategies, outer coding, and network coding, which reduces the strain on network resources and enhances map availability in dense vehicle environments.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023140965_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SELECTIVE HIGH-DEFINITION MAP DOWNLOADINGBACKGROUND
[0001] At present, electronic navigation maps are utilized by autonomous, semi-autonomous, and driver assisted vehicle systems, herein referred to simply as assisted vehicles (AVs) . Generally, electronic navigation maps come in a variety of detail levels. Lower detail levels (e.g., low-definition (LD) maps) may be used for driver assistance, such as an in-dash navigation system, while high-definition (HD) maps include enough detail to enable a vehicle system to autonomously, or partially autonomously, navigate on a motorway. These HD maps may provide information to the AVs about motorways such as geographical position, road edge (e.g., curb) positions, traffic control elements (e.g., signs, speed limit, semaphores, etc. ) . The provided information may be utilized by vehicle components (e.g., navigation or control systems) of an AV to either pilot the AV, or to assist a driver in piloting the AV, on the motorway.
[0002] HD maps, as compared to LD maps, typically have either geographically smaller tiles or larger tile data sizes than LD maps, which may put a strain on delivery networks. Additionally, HD map tiles are more resource consuming than LD maps. Furthermore, the greater number of high-resolution details in an HD title have a greater likelihood of changing over time. This causes HD map tile maintenance to be more involved than LD map tile maintenance. The downloading HD map tiles in a dense AV environment may be difficult because of network limitations and / or environmental issues (e.g., blockage, wireless fading, high communication latency, or network availability) .SUMMARY
[0003] Techniques for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device are provided. An example, of a method for selectively downloading a HD map to a mobile device comprises: receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, where the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0004] Also provide is method for selectively transmitting a HD map from a network entity to a mobile device. An example of the method comprises: receiving, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, where the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; determining, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and transmitting, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.
[0005] Also provide is an apparatus for selectively downloading a HD map to a mobile device, the apparatus comprises: at least one transceiver; at least one memory; and at least one processor, in signal communication with the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver from the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; update a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, where the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and store the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0006] Also provide is an apparatus for selectively downloading a HD map to a mobile device, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; means for updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, where the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and means for storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0007] Other devices, apparatuses, systems, methods, features, and advantages of the disclosure will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional devices, apparatuses, systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of an example wireless communications system.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of components of an example user equipment shown in FIG. 1.
[0010] FIG. 3 is a system block diagram of components of an example transmission / reception point shown in FIG. 1.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a system block diagram of components of an example server shown in FIG. 1.
[0012] FIG. 5 is a system block diagram of a system for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to an Assisted Vehicle (AV) mobile device.
[0013] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example route along a simplified map for the Assisted Vehicle shown in FIG. 5.
[0014] FIG. 7 is a system diagram for updating an HD map in the mobile device shown in FIG. 5.
[0015] FIG. 8 is a system diagram for an example of the network entity for selectively downloading an HD map from the network entity to the mobile device shown in FIG. 5.
[0016] FIG. 9A is a system diagram illustrating the use of an outer-code for retransmissions of the HD map tiles to more than one vehicle.
[0017] FIG. 9B is a system diagram illustrating the use of another outer-code for retransmissions of the HD map tiles to more than one vehicle.
[0018] FIG. 10 is a system diagram for utilizing sidelinks with other network entities to download the HD map titles to an AV.
[0019] FIG. 11 is a flowchart diagram of a method performed by a system for selectively downloading the HD map to the mobile device shown in FIG. 5.
[0020] FIG. 12 is a flowchart diagram of a method performed by the network entity for selectively downloading the HD map from the network entity to the mobile device shown in FIGS. 5 and 8.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] Techniques are discussed herein for providing a high-definition (HD) electronic navigation map (herein referred to simply as “HD map” ) , e.g., that is enhanced (e.g., optimized) , and downloading the HD map from a network entity (such as, for example, a map server) to a mobile device. The mobile device may be within or integrated into an assisted vehicle (AV) , where the AV may include an autonomous, and / or driver-assisted vehicle system.
[0022] Generally, electronic navigation maps (both HD maps and low definition (LD) maps) are often segmented into a plurality of map tiles (or simply “tiles” ) that can be utilized to zoom into the maps for finer details within the maps. Map tiles are typically a set of square “sub-maps” arranged in a grid along the composite map (i.e., the larger LD or HD map) . Because of the greater detail, HD maps generally utilize either geographically smaller tiles or larger tile data sizes than LD maps. The provided information may then be utilized by vehicle components (e.g., navigation or control systems) of the AV to either pilot the AV, or to assist a driver in piloting the AV, on the motorway. However, the larger tile data sizes of the tiles in HD maps are resource consuming and may put a strain on delivery networks because, as an example, HD map tiles may take up as much as 100 megabytes each.
[0023] Segmenting the maps reduces the resources a vehicle component needs to store the maps by enabling the vehicle component to acquire only those map tiles relevant to a given road segment (e.g., few miles) . Often, the map tiles are obtained (e.g., downloaded or pushed) from a cloud service. In some cases, however, the map tiles may be obtained from more local sources (e.g., at a cloud edge or fog) , such as other vehicles or roadside units (RSUs) . Various radio access technologies (RATs) may be used to deliver map tiles.
[0024] The greater number of HD details in these HD map tiles have a greater likelihood of changing over time. This generally causes HD map tile maintenance to be more involved than LD map tile maintenance and will generally require that an AV should update the HD map stored on the AV more frequently for accuracy.
[0025] However, communication resources may be constrained because of different factors and this constraint may not allow a traveling AV along a route to download an updated HD map before the AV reaches the corresponding road segments along the route that should have updated HD map tiles. Examples of facts constraining the communication resources may include wireless fading and / or obstructions along the route, system issues (e.g., bandwidth and capacity) , and communication latency that may be fairly high in one or more given areas along the route.
[0026] Discussed herein are techniques making use of a buffer or storage memory on the mobile device / AV to obtain an HD map. For example, techniques may utilize a storage and incremental transmission strategy and may utilize outer coding or network coding to make better use of the buffer to improve the downloading efficiency in dense vehicle scenarios. For example, techniques are discussed for selective HD map downloading from a network entity to a mobile device associated with or integrated with an AV. Example techniques discussed herein may be used for HD map prefetching computation and / or configuration for the transfer of information between AVs, servers, and base stations (e.g., gNBs) to prepare and / or configure the HD map data for transmission between the servers and the AVs. At least some techniques discussed may include a selection of gNBs, wireless connections between the servers and AVs, and timing of transmissions. Other examples discussed herein may also be used for HD map downloading to AV groups and HD map downloading strategies for the beginning of routing for an AV. Other examples discussed herein may be utilized for HD map tile prioritization where one or more factors may be considered for the gNB to decide which AV to transmit to and / or which HD map tiles to transmit first.
[0027] As an example, discussed are an example system and example method for selectively downloading an HD map to a mobile device, the method comprising: receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0028] Also discussed are an example system and an example method for selectively transmitting a the HD) map from a network entity (e.g., a map server) to a mobile device, the method comprising: receiving, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, wherein the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; determining, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and transmitting, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.
[0029] In general, an AV having a large buffer / storage may utilize the techniques described herein to reduce the HD map transmission coast along a trip and improve the HD map availability to the AV by making best use of the storage to ease the strains of having to download a real-time HD map to the AV. These techniques may also improve the efficiency of downloading the real-time HD map to AV in a dense vehicle environment.
[0030] Items and / or techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as other capabilities not mentioned. Other capabilities may be provided and not every implementation according to the disclosure must provide any, let alone all, of the capabilities discussed.
[0031] The description herein may refer to sequences of actions to be performed, for example, by elements of a computing device. Various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) ) , by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Sequences of actions described herein may be embodied within a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon a corresponding set of computer instructions that upon execution would cause an associated processor to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the various examples described herein may be embodied in a number of different forms, all of which are within the scope of the disclosure, including claimed subject matter.
[0032] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "base station" are not specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) , unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. ) used to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN) . As used herein, the term "UE" may be referred to interchangeably as an "access terminal" or "AT, " a "client device, " a "wireless device, " a "subscriber device, " a "subscriber terminal, " a "subscriber station, " a "user terminal" or UT, a "mobile terminal, " a "mobile station, " a "mobile device, " or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, networks (e.g., based on IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11, etc. ) and so on. Two or more UEs may communicate directly in addition to or instead of passing information to each other through a network.
[0033] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed. Examples of a base station include an Access Point (AP) , a Network Node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB) , or a general Node B (gNodeB, gNB) . In addition, in some systems a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and / or network management functions.
[0034] UEs may be embodied by any of a number of types of devices including but not limited to printed circuit (PC) cards, compact flash devices, external or internal modems, wireless or wireline phones, smartphones, tablets, consumer asset tracking devices, asset tags, and so on. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a RAN is called an uplink channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc. ) . A communication link through which the RAN can send signals to UEs is called a downlink or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc. ) . As used herein the term traffic channel (TCH) can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.
[0035] As used herein, the term "cell" or "sector" may correspond to one of a plurality of cells of a base station, or to the base station itself, depending on the context. The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (for example, over a carrier) , and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (for example, a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) operating via the same or a different carrier. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (for example, machine-type communication (MTC) , narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of devices. In some examples, the term "cell" may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area (for example, a sector) over which the logical entity operates.
[0036] Referring to FIG. 1, an example of a communication system 100 includes a UE 105, a UE 106, a Radio Access Network (RAN) , here a Fifth Generation (5G) Next Generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) 135, a 5G Core Network (5GC) 140, and a server 150. The UE 105 and / or the UE 106 may be, e.g., an IoT device, a location tracker device, a cellular telephone, a vehicle (e.g., a car, a truck, a bus, a boat, etc. ) , or another device. A 5G network may also be referred to as a New Radio (NR) network; NG-RAN 135 may be referred to as a 5G RAN or as an NR RAN; and 5GC 140 may be referred to as an NG Core network (NGC) . Standardization of an NG-RAN and 5GC is ongoing in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . Accordingly, the NG-RAN 135 and the 5GC 140 may conform to current or future standards for 5G support from 3GPP. The NG-RAN 135 may be another type of RAN, e.g., a 3G RAN, a 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAN, etc. The UE 106 may be configured and coupled similarly to the UE 105 to send and / or receive signals to / from similar other entities in the system 100, but such signaling is not indicated in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplicity of the figure. Similarly, the discussion focuses on the UE 105 for the sake of simplicity. The communication system 100 may utilize information from a constellation 185 of satellite vehicles (SVs) 190, 191, 192, 193 for a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ) like the Global Positioning System (GPS) , the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) , Galileo, or Beidou or some other local or regional SPS such as the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) , the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) , or the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) . Additional components of the communication system 100 are described below. The communication system 100 may include additional or alternative components.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, the NG-RAN 135 includes NR nodeBs (gNBs) 110a, 110b, and a next generation eNodeB (ng-eNB) 114, and the 5GC 140 includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 115, a Session Management Function (SMF) 117, a Location Management Function (LMF) 120, and a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 125. The gNBs 110a, 110b and the ng-eNB 114 are communicatively coupled to each other, are each configured to bi-directionally wirelessly communicate with the UE 105, and are each communicatively coupled to, and configured to bi-directionally communicate with, the AMF 115. The gNBs 110a, 110b, and the ng-eNB 114 may be referred to as base stations (BSs) . The AMF 115, the SMF 117, the LMF 120, and the GMLC 125 are communicatively coupled to each other, and the GMLC is communicatively coupled to an external client 130. The SMF 117 may serve as an initial contact point of a Service Control Function (SCF) (not shown) to create, control, and delete media sessions. Base stations such as the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may be a macro cell (e.g., a high-power cellular base station) , or a small cell (e.g., a low-power cellular base station) , or an access point (e.g., a short-range base station configured to communicate with short-range technology such as energy (BLE) , etc. One or more base stations, e.g., one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may be configured to communicate with the UE 105 via multiple carriers. Each of the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic region, e.g., a cell. Each cell may be partitioned into multiple sectors as a function of the base station antennas.
[0038] FIG. 1 provides a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each of which may be duplicated or omitted as necessary. Specifically, although one UE 105 is illustrated, many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc. ) may be utilized in the communication system 100. Similarly, the communication system 100 may include a larger (or smaller) number of SVs (i.e., more or fewer than the four SVs 190-193 shown) , gNBs 110a, 110b, ng-eNBs 114, AMFs 115, external clients 130, and / or other components. The illustrated connections that connect the various components in the communication system 100 include data and signaling connections which may include additional (intermediary) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, substituted, and / or omitted, depending on desired functionality.
[0039] While FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G-based network, similar network implementations and configurations may be used for other communication technologies, such as 3G, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , etc. Implementations described herein (be they for 5G technology and / or for one or more other communication technologies and / or protocols) may be used to transmit (or broadcast) directional synchronization signals, receive and measure directional signals at UEs (e.g., the UE 105) and / or provide location assistance to the UE 105 (via the GMLC 125 or other location server) and / or compute a location for the UE 105 at a location-capable device such as the UE 105, the gNB 110a, 110b, or the LMF 120 based on measurement quantities received at the UE 105 for such directionally-transmitted signals. The gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 125, the location management function (LMF) 120, the access and mobility management function (AMF) 115, the SMF 117, the ng-eNB (eNodeB) 114 and the gNBs (gNodeBs) 110a, 110b are examples and may be replaced by or include various other location server functionality and / or base station functionality respectively.
[0040] The system 100 is capable of wireless communication in that components of the system 100 can communicate with one another (at least some times using wireless connections) directly or indirectly, e.g., via the gNBs 110a, 110b, the ng-eNB 114, and / or the 5GC 140 (and / or one or more other devices not shown, such as one or more other base transceiver stations) . For indirect communications, the communications may be altered during transmission from one entity to another, e.g., to alter header information of data packets, to change format, etc. The UE 105 may include multiple UEs and may be a mobile wireless communication device, but may communicate wirelessly and via wired connections. The UE 105 may be any of a variety of devices, e.g., a smartphone, a tablet computer, a vehicle-based device, etc., but these are examples as the UE 105 is not required to be any of these configurations, and other configurations of UEs may be used. Other UEs may include wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart jewelry, smart glasses or headsets, etc. ) . Still other UEs may be used, whether currently existing or developed in the future. Further, other wireless devices (whether mobile or not) may be implemented within the system 100 and may communicate with each other and / or with the UE 105, the gNBs 110a, 110b, the ng-eNB 114, the 5GC 140, and / or the external client 130. For example, such other devices may include internet of thing (IoT) devices, medical devices, home entertainment and / or automation devices, etc. The 5GC 140 may communicate with the external client 130 (e.g., a computer system) , e.g., to allow the external client 130 to request and / or receive location information regarding the UE 105 (e.g., via the GMLC 125) .
[0041] The UE 105 or other devices may be configured to communicate in various networks and / or for various purposes and / or using various technologies (e.g., 5G, communication, multiple frequencies of communication, satellite positioning, one or more types of communications (e.g., GSM (Global System for Mobiles) , CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , LTE (Long Term Evolution) , V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything, e.g., V2P (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian) , V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) , V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) , etc. ) , IEEE 802.11p, etc. ) . V2X communications may be cellular (Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) ) and / or (e.g., DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Connection) ) . The system 100 may support operation on multiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies) . Multi-carrier transmitters can transmit modulated signals simultaneously on the multiple carriers. Each modulated signal may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signal, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) signal, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal, etc. Each modulated signal may be sent on a different carrier and may carry pilot, overhead information, data, etc. The UEs 105, 106 may communicate with each other through UE-to-UE sidelink (SL) communications by transmitting over one or more sidelink channels such as a physical sidelink synchronization channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , or a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Direct wireless-device-to-wireless-device communications without going through a network may be referred to generally as sidelink communications without limiting the communications to a particular protocol.
[0042] The UE 105 may comprise and / or may be referred to as a device, a mobile device, a wireless device, a mobile terminal, a terminal, a mobile station (MS) , a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Enabled Terminal (SET) , or by some other name. The UE 105 may correspond to a cellphone, smartphone, laptop, tablet, PDA, consumer asset tracking device, navigation device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, health monitors, security systems, smart city sensors, smart meters, wearable trackers, or some other portable or moveable device. Typically, though not necessarily, the UE 105 may support wireless communication using one or more Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , LTE, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) , IEEE 802.11 (also referred to as ) , (BT) , Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access 5G new radio (NR) (e.g., using the NG-RAN 135 and the 5GC 140) , etc. The UE 105 may support wireless communication using a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) which may connect to other networks (e.g., the Internet) using a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or packet cable, for example. The use of one or more of these RATs may allow the UE 105 to communicate with the external client 130 (e.g., via elements of the 5GC 140 not shown in FIG. 1, or possibly via the GMLC 125) and / or allow the external client 130 to receive location information regarding the UE 105 (e.g., via the GMLC 125) .
[0043] The UE 105 may include a single entity or may include multiple entities such as in a personal area network where a user may employ audio, video and / or data I / O (input / output) devices and / or body sensors and a separate wireline or wireless modem. An estimate of a location of the UE 105 may be referred to as a location, location estimate, location fix, fix, position, position estimate, or position fix, and may be geographic, thus providing location coordinates for the UE 105 (e.g., latitude and longitude) which may or may not include an altitude component (e.g., height above sea level, height above or depth below ground level, floor level, or basement level) . Alternatively, a location of the UE 105 may be expressed as a civic location (e.g., as a postal address or the designation of some point or small area in a building such as a particular room or floor) . A location of the UE 105 may be expressed as an area or volume (defined either geographically or in civic form) within which the UE 105 is expected to be located with some probability or confidence level (e.g., 67%, 95%, etc. ) . A location of the UE 105 may be expressed as a relative location comprising, for example, a distance and direction from a known location. The relative location may be expressed as relative coordinates (e.g., X, Y (and Z) coordinates) defined relative to some origin at a known location which may be defined, e.g., geographically, in civic terms, or by reference to a point, area, or volume, e.g., indicated on a map, floor plan, or building plan. In the description contained herein, the use of the term location may comprise any of these variants unless indicated otherwise. When computing the location of a UE, it is common to solve for local x, y, and possibly z coordinates and then, if desired, convert the local coordinates into absolute coordinates (e.g., for latitude, longitude, and altitude above or below mean sea level) .
[0044] The UE 105 may be configured to communicate with other entities using one or more of a variety of technologies. The UE 105 may be configured to connect indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links. The D2D P2P links may be supported with any appropriate D2D radio access technology (RAT) , such as LTE Direct (LTE-D) , Direct and so on. One or more of a group of UEs utilizing D2D communications may be within a geographic coverage area of a Transmission / Reception Point (TRP) such as one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or the ng-eNB 114. Other UEs in such a group may be outside such geographic coverage areas, or may be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station. Groups of UEs communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE may transmit to other UEs in the group. A TRP may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications may be carried out between UEs without the involvement of a TRP. One or more of a group of UEs utilizing D2D communications may be within a geographic coverage area of a TRP. Other UEs in such a group may be outside such geographic coverage areas, or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station. Groups of UEs communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE may transmit to other UEs in the group. A TRP may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications may be carried out between UEs without the involvement of a TRP.
[0045] Base stations (BSs) in the NG-RAN 135 shown in FIG. 1 include NR Node Bs, referred to as the gNBs 110a and 110b. Pairs of the gNBs 110a, 110b in the NG-RAN 135 may be connected to one another via one or more other gNBs. Access to the 5G network is provided to the UE 105 via wireless communication between the UE 105 and one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b, which may provide wireless communications access to the 5GC 140 on behalf of the UE 105 using 5G. In FIG. 1, the serving gNB for the UE 105 is assumed to be the gNB 110a, although another gNB (e.g., the gNB 110b) may act as a serving gNB if the UE 105 moves to another location or may act as a secondary gNB to provide additional throughput and bandwidth to the UE 105.
[0046] Base stations (BSs) in the NG-RAN 135 shown in FIG. 1 may include the ng-eNB 114, also referred to as a next generation evolved Node B. The ng-eNB 114 may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b in the NG-RAN 135, possibly via one or more other gNBs and / or one or more other ng-eNBs. The ng-eNB 114 may provide LTE wireless access and / or evolved LTE (eLTE) wireless access to the UE 105. One or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may be configured to function as positioning-only beacons which may transmit signals to assist with determining the position of the UE 105 but may not receive signals from the UE 105 or from other UEs.
[0047] The gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may each comprise one or more TRPs. For example, each sector within a cell of a BS may comprise a TRP, although multiple TRPs may share one or more components (e.g., share a processor but have separate antennas) . The system 100 may include macro TRPs exclusively or the system 100 may have TRPs of different types, e.g., macro, pico, and / or femto TRPs, etc. A macro TRP may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by terminals with service subscription. A pico TRP may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a pico cell) and may allow unrestricted access by terminals with service subscription. A femto or home TRP may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a femto cell) and may allow restricted access by terminals having association with the femto cell (e.g., terminals for users in a home) .
[0048] Each of the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may include a radio unit (RU) , a distributed unit (DU) , and a central unit (CU) . For example, the gNB 110b includes an RU 111, a DU 112, and a CU 113. The RU 111, DU 112, and CU 113 divide functionality of the gNB 110b. While the gNB 110b is shown with a single RU, a single DU, and a single CU, a gNB may include one or more RUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more CUs. An interface between the CU 113 and the DU 112 is referred to as an F1 interface. The RU 111 is configured to perform digital front end (DFE) functions (e.g., analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, power amplification, transmission / reception) and digital beamforming, and includes a portion of the physical (PHY) layer. The RU 111 may perform the DFE using massive multiple input / multiple output (MIMO) and may be integrated with one or more antennas of the gNB 110b. The DU 112 hosts the Radio Link Control (RLC) , Medium Access Control (MAC) , and physical layers of the gNB 110b. One DU can support one or more cells, and each cell is supported by a single DU. The operation of the DU 112 is controlled by the CU 113. The CU 113 is configured to perform functions for transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, etc. although some functions are allocated exclusively to the DU 112. The CU 113 hosts the Radio Resource Control (RRC) , Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) , and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 110b. The UE 105 may communicate with the CU 113 via RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with the DU 112 via the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers, and with the RU 111 via the PHY layer.
[0049] As noted, while FIG. 1 depicts nodes configured to communicate according to 5G communication protocols, nodes configured to communicate according to other communication protocols, such as, for example, an LTE protocol or IEEE 802.11x protocol, may be used. For example, in an Evolved Packet System (EPS) providing LTE wireless access to the UE 105, a RAN may comprise an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) which may comprise base stations comprising evolved Node Bs (eNBs) . A core network for EPS may comprise an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) . An EPS may comprise an E-UTRAN plus EPC, where the E-UTRAN corresponds to the NG-RAN 135 and the EPC corresponds to the 5GC 140 in FIG. 1.
[0050] The gNBs 110a, 110b and the ng-eNB 114 may communicate with the AMF 115, which, for positioning functionality, communicates with the LMF 120. The AMF 115 may support mobility of the UE 105, including cell change and handover and may participate in supporting a signaling connection to the UE 105 and possibly data and voice bearers for the UE 105. The LMF 120 may communicate directly with the UE 105, e.g., through wireless communications, or directly with the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114. The LMF 120 may support positioning of the UE 105 when the UE 105 accesses the NG-RAN 135 and may support position procedures / methods such as Assisted GNSS (A-GNSS) , Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) (e.g., Downlink (DL) OTDOA or Uplink (UL) OTDOA) , Round Trip Time (RTT) , Multi-Cell RTT, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) , Precise Point Positioning (PPP) , Differential GNSS (DGNSS) , Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) , angle of arrival (AoA) , angle of departure (AoD) , and / or other position methods. The LMF 120 may process location services requests for the UE 105, e.g., received from the AMF 115 or from the GMLC 125. The LMF 120 may be connected to the AMF 115 and / or to the GMLC 125. The LMF 120 may be referred to by other names such as a Location Manager (LM) , Location Function (LF) , commercial LMF (CLMF) , or value added LMF (VLMF) . A node / system that implements the LMF 120 may additionally or alternatively implement other types of location-support modules, such as an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) or a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) . At least part of the positioning functionality (including derivation of the location of the UE 105) may be performed at the UE 105 (e.g., using signal measurements obtained by the UE 105 for signals transmitted by wireless nodes such as the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114, and / or assistance data provided to the UE 105, e.g., by the LMF 120) . The AMF 115 may serve as a control node that processes signaling between the UE 105 and the 5GC 140, and may provide QoS (Quality of Service) flow and session management. The AMF 115 may support mobility of the UE 105 including cell change and handover and may participate in supporting signaling connection to the UE 105.
[0051] The server 150, e.g., a cloud server, is configured to obtain and provide location estimates of the UE 105 to the external client 130. The server 150 may, for example, be configured to run a microservice / service that obtains the location estimate of the UE 105. The server 150 may, for example, pull the location estimate from (e.g., by sending a location request to) the UE 105, one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b (e.g., via the RU 111, the DU 112, and the CU 113) and / or the ng-eNB 114, and / or the LMF 120. As another example, the UE 105, one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b (e.g., via the RU 111, the DU 112, and the CU 113) , and / or the LMF 120 may push the location estimate of the UE 105 to the server 150.
[0052] The GMLC 125 may support a location request for the UE 105 received from the external client 130 via the server 150 and may forward such a location request to the AMF 115 for forwarding by the AMF 115 to the LMF 120 or may forward the location request directly to the LMF 120. A location response from the LMF 120 (e.g., containing a location estimate for the UE 105) may be returned to the GMLC 125 either directly or via the AMF 115 and the GMLC 125 may then return the location response (e.g., containing the location estimate) to the external client 130 via the server 150. The GMLC 125 is shown connected to both the AMF 115 and LMF 120, though may not be connected to the AMF 115 or the LMF 120 in some implementations.
[0053] As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the LMF 120 may communicate with the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 using a New Radio Position Protocol A (which may be referred to as NPPa or NRPPa) , which may be defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa may be the same as, similar to, or an extension of the LTE Positioning Protocol A (LPPa) defined in 3GPP TS 36.455, with NRPPa messages being transferred between the gNB 110a (or the gNB 110b) and the LMF 120, and / or between the ng-eNB 114 and the LMF 120, via the AMF 115. As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the LMF 120 and the UE 105 may communicate using an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) , which may be defined in 3GPP TS 36.355. The LMF 120 and the UE 105 may also or instead communicate using a New Radio Positioning Protocol (which may be referred to as NPP or NRPP) , which may be the same as, similar to, or an extension of LPP. Here, LPP and / or NPP messages may be transferred between the UE 105 and the LMF 120 via the AMF 115 and the serving gNB 110a, 110b or the serving ng-eNB 114 for the UE 105. For example, LPP and / or NPP messages may be transferred between the LMF 120 and the AMF 115 using a 5G Location Services Application Protocol (LCS AP) and may be transferred between the AMF 115 and the UE 105 using a 5G Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol. The LPP and / or NPP protocol may be used to support positioning of the UE 105 using UE-assisted and / or UE-based position methods such as A-GNSS, RTK, OTDOA and / or E-CID. The NRPPa protocol may be used to support positioning of the UE 105 using network-based position methods such as E-CID (e.g., when used with measurements obtained by the gNB 110a, 110b or the ng-eNB 114) and / or may be used by the LMF 120 to obtain location related information from the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114, such as parameters defining directional SS or PRS transmissions from the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or the ng-eNB 114. The LMF 120 may be co-located or integrated with a gNB or a TRP, or may be disposed remote from the gNB and / or the TRP and configured to communicate directly or indirectly with the gNB and / or the TRP.
[0054] With a UE-assisted position method, the UE 105 may obtain location measurements and send the measurements to a location server (e.g., the LMF 120) for computation of a location estimate for the UE 105. For example, the location measurements may include one or more of a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) , Round Trip signal propagation Time (RTT) , Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) , Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and / or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) for the gNBs 110a, 110b, the ng-eNB 114, and / or a WLAN AP. The location measurements may also or instead include measurements of GNSS pseudorange, code phase, and / or carrier phase for the SVs 190-193.
[0055] With a UE-based position method, the UE 105 may obtain location measurements (e.g., which may be the same as or similar to location measurements for a UE-assisted position method) and may compute a location of the UE 105 (e.g., with the help of assistance data received from a location server such as the LMF 120 or broadcast by the gNBs 110a, 110b, the ng-eNB 114, or other base stations or APs) .
[0056] With a network-based position method, one or more base stations (e.g., the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or the ng-eNB 114) or APs may obtain location measurements (e.g., measurements of RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ or Time of Arrival (ToA) for signals transmitted by the UE 105) and / or may receive measurements obtained by the UE 105. The one or more base stations or APs may send the measurements to a location server (e.g., the LMF 120) for computation of a location estimate for the UE 105.
[0057] Information provided by the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or the ng-eNB 114 to the LMF 120 using NRPPa may include timing and configuration information for directional SS or PRS transmissions and location coordinates. The LMF 120 may provide some or all of this information to the UE 105 as assistance data in an LPP and / or NPP message via the NG-RAN 135 and the 5GC 140.
[0058] An LPP or NPP message sent from the LMF 120 to the UE 105 may instruct the UE 105 to do any of a variety of things depending on desired functionality. For example, the LPP or NPP message could contain an instruction for the UE 105 to obtain measurements for GNSS (or A-GNSS) , WLAN, E-CID, and / or OTDOA (or some other position method) . In the case of E-CID, the LPP or NPP message may instruct the UE 105 to obtain one or more measurement quantities (e.g., beam ID, beam width, mean angle, RSRP, RSRQ measurements) of directional signals transmitted within particular cells supported by one or more of the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or the ng-eNB 114 (or supported by some other type of base station such as an eNB or AP) . The UE 105 may send the measurement quantities back to the LMF 120 in an LPP or NPP message (e.g., inside a 5G NAS message) via the serving gNB 110a (or the serving ng-eNB 114) and the AMF 115.
[0059] As noted, while the communication system 100 is described in relation to 5G technology, the communication system 100 may be implemented to support other communication technologies, such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, etc., that are used for supporting and interacting with mobile devices such as the UE 105 (e.g., to implement voice, data, positioning, and other functionalities) . In some such implementations, the 5GC 140 may be configured to control different air interfaces. For example, the 5GC 140 may be connected to a WLAN using a Non-3GPP InterWorking Function (N3IWF, not shown FIG. 1) in the 5GC 140. For example, the WLAN may support IEEE 802.11 access for the UE 105 and may comprise one or more APs. Here, the N3IWF may connect to the WLAN and to other elements in the 5GC 140 such as the AMF 115. In some implementations, both the NG-RAN 135 and the 5GC 140 may be replaced by one or more other RANs and one or more other core networks. For example, in an EPS, the NG-RAN 135 may be replaced by an E-UTRAN containing eNBs and the 5GC 140 may be replaced by an EPC containing a Mobility Management Entity (MME) in place of the AMF 115, an E-SMLC in place of the LMF 120, and a GMLC that may be similar to the GMLC 125. In such an EPS, the E-SMLC may use LPPa in place of NRPPa to send and receive location information to and from the eNBs in the E-UTRAN and may use LPP to support positioning of the UE 105. In these other examples, positioning of the UE 105 using directional PRSs may be supported in an analogous manner to that described herein for a 5G network with the difference that functions and procedures described herein for the gNBs 110a, 110b, the ng-eNB 114, the AMF 115, and the LMF 120 may, in some cases, apply instead to other network elements such eNBs, APs, an MME, and an E-SMLC.
[0060] As noted, in some examples, positioning functionality may be implemented, at least in part, using the directional SS or PRS beams, sent by base stations (such as the gNBs 110a, 110b, and / or the ng-eNB 114) that are within range of the UE whose position is to be determined (e.g., the UE 105 of FIG. 1) . The UE may, in some instances, use the directional SS or PRS beams from a plurality of base stations (such as the gNBs 110a, 110b, the ng-eNB 114, etc. ) to compute the position of the UE.
[0061] Referring also to FIG. 2, a UE 200 may be an example of one of the UEs 105, 106 and may comprise a computing platform including a processor 210, memory 211 including software (SW) 212, one or more sensors 213, a transceiver interface 214 for a transceiver 215 (that includes a wireless transceiver 240 and a wired transceiver 250) , a user interface 216, a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) receiver 217, a camera 218, and a position device (PD) 219. The processor 210, the memory 211, the sensor (s) 213, the transceiver interface 214, the user interface 216, the SPS receiver 217, the camera 218, and the position device 219 may be communicatively coupled to each other by a bus 220 (which may be configured, e.g., for optical and / or electrical communication) . One or more of the shown apparatus (e.g., the camera 218, the position device 219, and / or one or more of the sensor (s) 213, etc. ) may be omitted from the UE 200. The processor 210 may include one or more hardware devices, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) , a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , etc. The processor 210 may comprise multiple processors including a general-purpose / application processor 230, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 231, a modem processor 232, a video processor 233, and / or a sensor processor 234. One or more of the processors 230-234 may comprise multiple devices (e.g., multiple processors) . For example, the sensor processor 234 may comprise, e.g., processors for RF (radio frequency) sensing (with one or more (cellular) wireless signals transmitted and reflection (s) used to identify, map, and / or track an object) , and / or ultrasound, etc. The modem processor 232 may support dual SIM / dual connectivity (or even more SIMs) . For example, a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module) may be used by an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) , and another SIM may be used by an end user of the UE 200 for connectivity. The memory 211 may be a non-transitory storage medium that may include random access memory (RAM) , flash memory, disc memory, and / or read-only memory (ROM) , etc. The memory 211 may store the software 212 which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions that may be configured to, when executed, cause the processor 210 to perform various functions described herein. Alternatively, the software 212 may not be directly executable by the processor 210 but may be configured to cause the processor 210, e.g., when compiled and executed, to perform the functions. The description herein may refer to the processor 210 performing a function, but this includes other implementations such as where the processor 210 executes software and / or firmware. The description herein may refer to the processor 210 performing a function as shorthand for one or more of the processors 230-234 performing the function. The description herein may refer to the UE 200 performing a function as shorthand for one or more appropriate components of the UE 200 performing the function. The processor 210 may include a memory with stored instructions in addition to and / or instead of the memory 211. Functionality of the processor 210 is discussed more fully below.
[0062] The configuration of the UE 200 shown in FIG. 2 is an example and not limiting of the disclosure, including the claims, and other configurations may be used. For example, an example configuration of the UE may include one or more of the processors 230-234 of the processor 210, the memory 211, and the wireless transceiver 240. Other example configurations may include one or more of the processors 230-234 of the processor 210, the memory 211, a wireless transceiver, and one or more of the sensor (s) 213, the user interface 216, the SPS receiver 217, the camera 218, the PD 219, and / or a wired transceiver.
[0063] The UE 200 may comprise the modem processor 232 that may be capable of performing baseband processing of signals received and down-converted by the transceiver 215 and / or the SPS receiver 217. The modem processor 232 may perform baseband processing of signals to be upconverted for transmission by the transceiver 215. Also or alternatively, baseband processing may be performed by the general-purpose / application processor 230 and / or the DSP 231. Other configurations, however, may be used to perform baseband processing.
[0064] The UE 200 may include the sensor (s) 213 that may include, for example, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 270, one or more magnetometers 271, and / or one or more environment sensors 272. The IMU 270 may comprise, for example, one or more accelerometers 273 (e.g., collectively responding to acceleration of the UE 200 in three dimensions) and / or one or more gyroscopes 274 (e.g., three-dimensional gyroscope (s) ) . The sensor (s) 213 may include the one or more magnetometers 271 (e.g., three-dimensional magnetometer (s) ) to determine orientation (e.g., relative to magnetic north and / or true north) that may be used for any of a variety of purposes, e.g., to support one or more compass applications. The environment sensor (s) 272 may comprise, for example, one or more temperature sensors, one or more barometric pressure sensors, one or more ambient light sensors, one or more camera imagers, and / or one or more microphones, etc. The sensor (s) 213 may generate analog and / or digital signals indications of which may be stored in the memory 211 and processed by the DSP 231 and / or the general-purpose / application processor 230 in support of one or more applications such as, for example, applications directed to positioning and / or navigation operations. The sensor (s) 213 may comprise one or more of other various types of sensors such as one or more optical sensors, one or more weight sensors, and / or one or more radio frequency (RF) sensors, etc.
[0065] The sensor (s) 213 may be used in relative location measurements, relative location determination, motion determination, etc. Information detected by the sensor (s) 213 may be used for motion detection, relative displacement, dead reckoning, sensor-based location determination, and / or sensor-assisted location determination. The sensor (s) 213 may be useful to determine whether the UE 200 is fixed (stationary) or mobile and / or whether to report certain useful information to the LMF 120 regarding the mobility of the UE 200. For example, based on the information obtained / measured by the sensor (s) 213, the UE 200 may notify / report to the LMF 120 that the UE 200 has detected movements or that the UE 200 has moved, and may report the relative displacement / distance (e.g., via dead reckoning, or sensor-based location determination, or sensor-assisted location determination enabled by the sensor (s) 213) . In another example, for relative positioning information, the sensors / IMU may be used to determine the angle and / or orientation of the other device with respect to the UE 200, etc.
[0066] The IMU 270 may be configured to provide measurements about a direction of motion and / or a speed of motion of the UE 200, which may be used in relative location determination. For example, the one or more accelerometers 273 and / or the one or more gyroscopes 274 of the IMU 270 may detect, respectively, a linear acceleration and a speed of rotation of the UE 200. The linear acceleration and speed of rotation measurements of the UE 200 may be integrated over time to determine an instantaneous direction of motion as well as a displacement of the UE 200. The instantaneous direction of motion and the displacement may be integrated to track a location of the UE 200. For example, a reference location of the UE 200 may be determined, e.g., using the SPS receiver 217 (and / or by some other means) for a moment in time and measurements from the accelerometer (s) 273 and the gyroscope (s) 274 taken after this moment in time may be used in dead reckoning to determine present location of the UE 200 based on movement (direction and distance) of the UE 200 relative to the reference location.
[0067] The magnetometer (s) 271 may determine magnetic field strengths in different directions which may be used to determine orientation of the UE 200. For example, the orientation may be used to provide a digital compass for the UE 200. The magnetometer (s) may include a two-dimensional magnetometer configured to detect and provide indications of magnetic field strength in two orthogonal dimensions. The magnetometer (s) 271 may include a three-dimensional magnetometer configured to detect and provide indications of magnetic field strength in three orthogonal dimensions. The magnetometer (s) 271 may provide means for sensing a magnetic field and providing indications of the magnetic field, e.g., to the processor 210.
[0068] The transceiver 215 may include a wireless transceiver 240 and a wired transceiver 250 configured to communicate with other devices through wireless connections and wired connections, respectively. For example, the wireless transceiver 240 may include a wireless transmitter 242 and a wireless receiver 244 coupled to an antenna 246 for transmitting (e.g., on one or more uplink channels and / or one or more sidelink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., on one or more downlink channels and / or one or more sidelink channels) wireless signals 248 and transducing signals from the wireless signals 248 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to the wireless signals 248. The wireless transmitter 242 includes appropriate components (e.g., a power amplifier and a digital-to-analog converter) . The wireless receiver 244 includes appropriate components (e.g., one or more amplifiers, one or more frequency filters, and an analog-to-digital converter) . The wireless transmitter 242 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wireless receiver 244 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 240 may be configured to communicate signals (e.g., with TRPs and / or one or more other devices) according to a variety of radio access technologies (RATs) such as 5G New Radio (NR) , GSM (Global System for Mobiles) , UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) , AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) , CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) , LTE (Long Term Evolution) , LTE Direct (LTE-D) , 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5) , IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p) , Direct etc. New Radio may use mm-wave frequencies and / or sub-6GHz frequencies. The wired transceiver 250 may include a wired transmitter 252 and a wired receiver 254 configured for wired communication, e.g., a network interface that may be utilized to communicate with the NG-RAN 135 to send communications to, and receive communications from, the NG-RAN 135. The wired transmitter 252 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wired receiver 254 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wired transceiver 250 may be configured, e.g., for optical communication and / or electrical communication. The transceiver 215 may be communicatively coupled to the transceiver interface 214, e.g., by optical and / or electrical connection. The transceiver interface 214 may be at least partially integrated with the transceiver 215. The wireless transmitter 242, the wireless receiver 244, and / or the antenna 246 may include multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, and / or multiple antennas, respectively, for sending and / or receiving, respectively, appropriate signals.
[0069] The user interface 216 may comprise one or more of several devices such as, for example, a speaker, microphone, display device, vibration device, keyboard, touch screen, etc. The user interface 216 may include more than one of any of these devices. The user interface 216 may be configured to enable a user to interact with one or more applications hosted by the UE 200. For example, the user interface 216 may store indications of analog and / or digital signals in the memory 211 to be processed by DSP 231 and / or the general-purpose / application processor 230 in response to action from a user. Similarly, applications hosted on the UE 200 may store indications of analog and / or digital signals in the memory 211 to present an output signal to a user. The user interface 216 may include an audio input / output (I / O) device comprising, for example, a speaker, a microphone, digital-to-analog circuitry, analog-to-digital circuitry, an amplifier and / or gain control circuitry (including more than one of any of these devices) . Other configurations of an audio I / O device may be used. Also or alternatively, the user interface 216 may comprise one or more touch sensors responsive to touching and / or pressure, e.g., on a keyboard and / or touch screen of the user interface 216.
[0070] The SPS receiver 217 (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver) may be capable of receiving and acquiring SPS signals 260 via an SPS antenna 262. The SPS antenna 262 is configured to transduce the SPS signals 260 from wireless signals to wired signals, e.g., electrical or optical signals, and may be integrated with the antenna 246. The SPS receiver 217 may be configured to process, in whole or in part, the acquired SPS signals 260 for estimating a location of the UE 200. For example, the SPS receiver 217 may be configured to determine location of the UE 200 by trilateration using the SPS signals 260. The general-purpose / application processor 230, the memory 211, the DSP 231 and / or one or more specialized processors (not shown) may be utilized to process acquired SPS signals, in whole or in part, and / or to calculate an estimated location of the UE 200, in conjunction with the SPS receiver 217. The memory 211 may store indications (e.g., measurements) of the SPS signals 260 and / or other signals (e.g., signals acquired from the wireless transceiver 240) for use in performing positioning operations. The general-purpose / application processor 230, the DSP 231, and / or one or more specialized processors, and / or the memory 211 may provide or support a location engine for use in processing measurements to estimate a location of the UE 200.
[0071] The UE 200 may include the camera 218 for capturing still or moving imagery. The camera 218 may comprise, for example, an imaging sensor (e.g., a charge coupled device or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) imager) , a lens, analog-to-digital circuitry, frame buffers, etc. Additional processing, conditioning, encoding, and / or compression of signals representing captured images may be performed by the general-purpose / application processor 230 and / or the DSP 231. Also or alternatively, the video processor 233 may perform conditioning, encoding, compression, and / or manipulation of signals representing captured images. The video processor 233 may decode / decompress stored image data for presentation on a display device (not shown) , e.g., of the user interface 216.
[0072] The position device (PD) 219 may be configured to determine a position of the UE 200, motion of the UE 200, and / or relative position of the UE 200, and / or time. For example, the PD 219 may communicate with, and / or include some or all of, the SPS receiver 217. The PD 219 may work in conjunction with the processor 210 and the memory 211 as appropriate to perform at least a portion of one or more positioning methods, although the description herein may refer to the PD 219 being configured to perform, or performing, in accordance with the positioning method (s) . The PD 219 may also or alternatively be configured to determine location of the UE 200 using terrestrial-based signals (e.g., at least some of the wireless signals 248) for trilateration, for assistance with obtaining and using the SPS signals 260, or both. The PD 219 may be configured to determine location of the UE 200 based on a cell of a serving base station (e.g., a cell center) and / or another technique such as E-CID. The PD 219 may be configured to use one or more images from the camera 218 and image recognition combined with known locations of landmarks (e.g., natural landmarks such as mountains and / or artificial landmarks such as buildings, bridges, streets, etc. ) to determine location of the UE 200. The PD 219 may be configured to use one or more other techniques (e.g., relying on the UE’s self-reported location (e.g., part of the UE’s position beacon) ) for determining the location of the UE 200, and may use a combination of techniques (e.g., SPS and terrestrial positioning signals) to determine the location of the UE 200. The PD 219 may include one or more of the sensors 213 (e.g., gyroscope (s) , accelerometer (s) , magnetometer (s) , etc. ) that may sense orientation and / or motion of the UE 200 and provide indications thereof that the processor 210 (e.g., the general-purpose / application processor 230 and / or the DSP 231) may be configured to use to determine motion (e.g., a velocity vector and / or an acceleration vector) of the UE 200. The PD 219 may be configured to provide indications of uncertainty and / or error in the determined position and / or motion. Functionality of the PD 219 may be provided in a variety of manners and / or configurations, e.g., by the general-purpose / application processor 230, the transceiver 215, the SPS receiver 217, and / or another component of the UE 200, and may be provided by hardware, software, firmware, or various combinations thereof.
[0073] Referring also to FIG. 3, an example of a TRP 300 of the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114 may comprise a computing platform including a processor 310, memory 311 including software (SW) 312, and a transceiver 315. The processor 310, the memory 311, and the transceiver 315 may be communicatively coupled to each other by a bus 320 (which may be configured, e.g., for optical and / or electrical communication) . One or more of the shown apparatus (e.g., a wireless transceiver) may be omitted from the TRP 300. The processor 310 may include one or more hardware devices, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) , a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , etc. The processor 310 may comprise multiple processors (e.g., including a general-purpose / application processor, a DSP, a modem processor, a video processor, and / or a sensor processor as shown in FIG. 2) . The memory 311 may be a non-transitory storage medium that may include random access memory (RAM) ) , flash memory, disc memory, and / or read-only memory (ROM) , etc. The memory 311 may store the software 312 which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the processor 310 to perform various functions described herein. Alternatively, the software 312 may not be directly executable by the processor 310 but may be configured to cause the processor 310, e.g., when compiled and executed, to perform the functions.
[0074] The description herein may refer to the processor 310 performing a function, but this includes other implementations such as where the processor 310 executes software and / or firmware. The description herein may refer to the processor 310 performing a function as shorthand for one or more of the processors contained in the processor 310 performing the function. The description herein may refer to the TRP 300 performing a function as shorthand for one or more appropriate components (e.g., the processor 310 and the memory 311) of the TRP 300 (and thus of one of the gNBs 110a, 110b and / or the ng-eNB 114) performing the function. The processor 310 may include a memory with stored instructions in addition to and / or instead of the memory 311. Functionality of the processor 310 is discussed more fully below.
[0075] The transceiver 315 may include a wireless transceiver 340 and / or a wired transceiver 350 configured to communicate with other devices through wireless connections and wired connections, respectively. For example, the wireless transceiver 340 may include a wireless transmitter 342 and a wireless receiver 344 coupled to one or more antennas 346 for transmitting (e.g., on one or more uplink channels and / or one or more downlink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., on one or more downlink channels and / or one or more uplink channels) wireless signals 348 and transducing signals from the wireless signals 348 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to the wireless signals 348. Thus, the wireless transmitter 342 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wireless receiver 344 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 340 may be configured to communicate signals (e.g., with the UE 200, one or more other UEs, and / or one or more other devices) according to a variety of radio access technologies (RATs) such as 5G New Radio (NR) , GSM (Global System for Mobiles) , UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) , AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) , CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) , LTE (Long Term Evolution) , LTE Direct (LTE-D) , 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5) , IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p) , Direct etc. The wired transceiver 350 may include a wired transmitter 352 and a wired receiver 354 configured for wired communication, e.g., a network interface that may be utilized to communicate with the NG-RAN 135 to send communications to, and receive communications from, the LMF 120, for example, and / or one or more other network entities. The wired transmitter 352 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wired receiver 354 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wired transceiver 350 may be configured, e.g., for optical communication and / or electrical communication.
[0076] The configuration of the TRP 300 shown in FIG. 3 is an example and not limiting of the disclosure, including the claims, and other configurations may be used. For example, the description herein discusses that the TRP 300 may be configured to perform or performs several functions, but one or more of these functions may be performed by the LMF 120 and / or the UE 200 (i.e., the LMF 120 and / or the UE 200 may be configured to perform one or more of these functions) .
[0077] Referring also to FIG. 4, a server 400, of which the LMF 120 may be an example, may comprise a computing platform including a processor 410, memory 411 including software (SW) 412, and a transceiver 415. The processor 410, the memory 411, and the transceiver 415 may be communicatively coupled to each other by a bus 420 (which may be configured, e.g., for optical and / or electrical communication) . One or more of the shown apparatus (e.g., a wireless transceiver) may be omitted from the server 400. The processor 410 may include one or more hardware devices, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) , a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , etc. The processor 410 may comprise multiple processors (e.g., including a general-purpose / application processor, a DSP, a modem processor, a video processor, and / or a sensor processor as shown in FIG. 2) . The memory 411 may be a non-transitory storage medium that may include random access memory (RAM) ) , flash memory, disc memory, and / or read-only memory (ROM) , etc. The memory 411 may store the software 412 which may be processor-readable, processor-executable software code containing instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the processor 410 to perform various functions described herein. Alternatively, the software 412 may not be directly executable by the processor 410 but may be configured to cause the processor 410, e.g., when compiled and executed, to perform the functions. The description herein may refer to the processor 410 performing a function, but this includes other implementations such as where the processor 410 executes software and / or firmware. The description herein may refer to the processor 410 performing a function as shorthand for one or more of the processors contained in the processor 410 performing the function. The description herein may refer to the server 400 performing a function as shorthand for one or more appropriate components of the server 400 performing the function. The processor 410 may include a memory with stored instructions in addition to and / or instead of the memory 411. Functionality of the processor 410 is discussed more fully below.
[0078] The transceiver 415 may include a wireless transceiver 440 and / or a wired transceiver 450 configured to communicate with other devices through wireless connections and wired connections, respectively. For example, the wireless transceiver 440 may include a wireless transmitter 442 and a wireless receiver 444 coupled to one or more antennas 446 for transmitting (e.g., on one or more downlink channels) and / or receiving (e.g., on one or more uplink channels) wireless signals 448 and transducing signals from the wireless signals 448 to wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals and from wired (e.g., electrical and / or optical) signals to the wireless signals 448. Thus, the wireless transmitter 442 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wireless receiver 444 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wireless transceiver 440 may be configured to communicate signals (e.g., with the UE 200, one or more other UEs, and / or one or more other devices) according to a variety of radio access technologies (RATs) such as 5G New Radio (NR) , GSM (Global System for Mobiles) , UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) , AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) , CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) , WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) , LTE (Long Term Evolution) , LTE Direct (LTE-D) , 3GPP LTE-V2X (PC5) , IEEE 802.11 (including IEEE 802.11p) , Direct etc. The wired transceiver 450 may include a wired transmitter 452 and a wired receiver 454 configured for wired communication, e.g., a network interface that may be utilized to communicate with the NG-RAN 135 to send communications to, and receive communications from, the TRP 300, for example, and / or one or more other network entities. The wired transmitter 452 may include multiple transmitters that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components, and / or the wired receiver 454 may include multiple receivers that may be discrete components or combined / integrated components. The wired transceiver 450 may be configured, e.g., for optical communication and / or electrical communication.
[0079] The description herein may refer to the processor 410 performing a function, but this includes other implementations such as where the processor 410 executes software (stored in the memory 411) and / or firmware. The description herein may refer to the server 400 performing a function as shorthand for one or more appropriate components (e.g., the processor 410 and the memory 411) of the server 400 performing the function.
[0080] The configuration of the server 400 shown in FIG. 4 is an example and not limiting of the disclosure, including the claims, and other configurations may be used. For example, the wireless transceiver 440 may be omitted. Also or alternatively, the description herein discusses that the server 400 is configured to perform or performs several functions, but one or more of these functions may be performed by the TRP 300 and / or the UE 200 (i.e., the TRP 300 and / or the UE 200 may be configured to perform one or more of these functions) .
[0081] Positioning Techniques
[0082] For terrestrial positioning of a UE in cellular networks, techniques such as Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) and Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA) often operate in “UE-assisted” mode in which measurements of reference signals (e.g., PRS, CRS, etc. ) transmitted by base stations are taken by the UE and then provided to a location server. The location server calculates the position of the UE based on the measurements and known locations of the base stations. Because these techniques use the location server to calculate the position of the UE, rather than the UE itself, these positioning techniques are not frequently used in applications such as car or cell-phone navigation, which instead typically rely on satellite-based positioning.
[0083] A UE may use a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) (aGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ) for high-accuracy positioning using precise point positioning (PPP) or real time kinematic (RTK) technology. These technologies use assistance data such as measurements from ground-based stations. LTE Release 15 allows the data to be encrypted so that the UEs subscribed to the service exclusively can read the information. Such assistance data varies with time. Thus, a UE subscribed to the service may not easily “break encryption” for other UEs by passing on the data to other UEs that have not paid for the subscription. The passing on would need to be repeated every time the assistance data changes.
[0084] In UE-assisted positioning, the UE sends measurements (e.g., TDOA, Angle of Arrival (AoA) , etc. ) to the positioning server (e.g., LMF / eSMLC) . The positioning server has the base station almanac (BSA) that contains multiple ‘entries’ or ‘records’ , one record per cell, where each record contains geographical cell location but also may include other data. An identifier of the ‘record’ among the multiple ‘records’ in the BSA may be referenced. The BSA and the measurements from the UE may be used to compute the position of the UE.
[0085] In conventional UE-based positioning, a UE computes its own position, thus avoiding sending measurements to the network (e.g., location server) , which in turn improves latency and scalability. The UE uses relevant BSA record information (e.g., locations of gNBs (more broadly base stations) ) from the network. The BSA information may be encrypted. But since the BSA information varies much less often than, for example, the PPP or RTK assistance data described earlier, it may be easier to make the BSA information (compared to the PPP or RTK information) available to UEs that did not subscribe and pay for decryption keys. Transmissions of reference signals by the gNBs make BSA information potentially accessible to crowd-sourcing or war-driving, essentially enabling BSA information to be generated based on in-the-field and / or over-the-top observations.
[0086] Positioning techniques may be characterized and / or assessed based on one or more criteria such as position determination accuracy and / or latency. Latency is a time elapsed between an event that triggers determination of position-related data and the availability of that data at a positioning system interface, e.g., an interface of the LMF 120. At initialization of a positioning system, the latency for the availability of position-related data is called time to first fix (TTFF) , and is larger than latencies after the TTFF. An inverse of a time elapsed between two consecutive position-related data availabilities is called an update rate, i.e., the rate at which position-related data are generated after the first fix. Latency may depend on processing capability, e.g., of the UE. For example, a UE may report a processing capability of the UE as a duration of DL PRS symbols in units of time (e.g., milliseconds) that the UE can process every T amount of time (e.g., T ms) assuming 272 PRB (Physical Resource Block) allocation. Other examples of capabilities that may affect latency are a number of TRPs from which the UE can process PRS, a number of PRS that the UE can process, and a bandwidth of the UE.
[0087] One or more of many different positioning techniques (also called positioning methods) may be used to determine position of an entity such as one of the UEs 105, 106. For example, known position-determination techniques include RTT, multi-RTT, OTDOA (also called TDOA and including UL-TDOA and DL-TDOA) , Enhanced Cell Identification (E-CID) , DL-AoD, UL-AoA, etc. RTT uses a time for a signal to travel from one entity to another and back to determine a range between the two entities. The range, plus a known location of a first one of the entities and an angle between the two entities (e.g., an azimuth angle) can be used to determine a location of the second of the entities. In multi-RTT (also called multi-cell RTT) , multiple ranges from one entity (e.g., a UE) to other entities (e.g., TRPs) and known locations of the other entities may be used to determine the location of the one entity. In TDOA techniques, the difference in travel times between one entity and other entities may be used to determine relative ranges from the other entities and those, combined with known locations of the other entities may be used to determine the location of the one entity. Angles of arrival and / or departure may be used to help determine location of an entity. For example, an angle of arrival or an angle of departure of a signal combined with a range between devices (determined using signal, e.g., a travel time of the signal, a received power of the signal, etc. ) and a known location of one of the devices may be used to determine a location of the other device. The angle of arrival or departure may be an azimuth angle relative to a reference direction such as true north. The angle of arrival or departure may be a zenith angle relative to directly upward from an entity (i.e., relative to radially outward from a center of Earth) . E-CID uses the identity of a serving cell, the timing advance (i.e., the difference between receive and transmit times at the UE) , estimated timing and power of detected neighbor cell signals, and possibly angle of arrival (e.g., of a signal at the UE from the base station or vice versa) to determine location of the UE. In TDOA, the difference in arrival times at a receiving device of signals from different sources along with known locations of the sources and known offset of transmission times from the sources are used to determine the location of the receiving device.
[0088] In a network-centric RTT estimation, the serving base station instructs the UE to scan for / receive RTT measurement signals (e.g., PRS) on serving cells of two or more neighboring base stations (and typically the serving base station, as at least three base stations are needed) . The one of more base stations transmit RTT measurement signals on low reuse resources (e.g., resources used by the base station to transmit system information) allocated by the network (e.g., a location server such as the LMF 120) . The UE records the arrival time (also referred to as a receive time, a reception time, a time of reception, or a time of arrival (ToA) ) of each RTT measurement signal relative to the UE’s current downlink timing (e.g., as derived by the UE from a DL signal received from its serving base station) , and transmits a common or individual RTT response message (e.g., SRS (sounding reference signal) for positioning, i.e., UL-PRS) to the one or more base stations (e.g., when instructed by its serving base station) and may include the time difference T_ (Rx→Tx) (i.e., UE TRx-Tx or UERx-Tx) between the ToA of the RTT measurement signal and the transmission time of the RTT response message in a payload of each RTT response message. The RTT response message would include a reference signal from which the base station can deduce the ToA of the RTT response. By comparing the difference T_ (Tx→Rx) between the transmission time of the RTT measurement signal from the base station and the ToA of the RTT response at the base station to the UE-reported time difference T_ (Rx→Tx) , and subtracting the UERx-Tx, the base station can deduce the propagation time between the base station and the UE, from which the base station can determine the distance between the UE and the base station by assuming the speed of light during this propagation time.
[0089] A UE-centric RTT estimation is similar to the network-based method, except that the UE transmits uplink RTT measurement signal (s) (e.g., when instructed by a serving base station) , which are received by multiple base stations in the neighborhood of the UE. Each involved base station responds with a downlink RTT response message, which may include the time difference between the ToA of the RTT measurement signal at the base station and the transmission time of the RTT response message from the base station in the RTT response message payload.
[0090] For both network-centric and UE-centric procedures, the side (network or UE) that performs the RTT calculation typically (though not always) transmits the first message (s) or signal (s) (e.g., RTT measurement signal (s) ) , while the other side responds with one or more RTT response message (s) or signal (s) that may include the difference between the ToA of the first message (s) or signal (s) and the transmission time of the RTT response message (s) or signal (s) .
[0091] A multi-RTT technique may be used to determine position. For example, a first entity (e.g., a UE) may send out one or more signals (e.g., unicast, multicast, or broadcast from the base station) and multiple second entities (e.g., other TSPs such as base station (s) and / or UE (s) ) may receive a signal from the first entity and respond to this received signal. The first entity receives the responses from the multiple second entities. The first entity (or another entity such as an LMF) may use the responses from the second entities to determine ranges to the second entities and may use the multiple ranges and known locations of the second entities to determine the location of the first entity by trilateration.
[0092] In some instances, additional information may be obtained in the form of an angle of arrival (AoA) or angle of departure (AoD) that defines a straight-line direction (e.g., which may be in a horizontal plane or in three dimensions) or possibly a range of directions (e.g., for the UE from the locations of base stations) . The intersection of two directions can provide another estimate of the location for the UE.
[0093] For positioning techniques using PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) signals (e.g., TDOA and RTT) , PRS signals sent by multiple TRPs are measured and the arrival times of the signals, known transmission times, and known locations of the TRPs used to determine ranges from a UE to the TRPs. For example, an RSTD (Reference Signal Time Difference) may be determined for PRS signals received from multiple TRPs and used in a TDOA technique to determine position (location) of the UE. A positioning reference signal may be referred to as a PRS or a PRS signal. The PRS signals are typically sent using the same power and PRS signals with the same signal characteristics (e.g., same frequency shift) may interfere with each other such that a PRS signal from a more distant TRP may be overwhelmed by a PRS signal from a closer TRP such that the signal from the more distant TRP may not be detected. PRS muting may be used to help reduce interference by muting some PRS signals (reducing the power of the PRS signal, e.g., to zero and thus not transmitting the PRS signal) . In this way, a weaker (at the UE) PRS signal may be more easily detected by the UE without a stronger PRS signal interfering with the weaker PRS signal. The term RS, and variations thereof (e.g., PRS, SRS, CSI-RS (Channel State Information –Reference Signal) ) , may refer to one reference signal or more than one reference signal.
[0094] Positioning reference signals (PRS) include downlink PRS (DL PRS, often referred to simply as PRS) and uplink PRS (UL PRS) (which may be called SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) for positioning) . A PRS may comprise a PN code (pseudorandom number code) or be generated using a PN code (e.g., by modulating a carrier signal with the PN code) such that a source of the PRS may serve as a pseudo-satellite (apseudolite) . The PN code may be unique to the PRS source (at least within a specified area such that identical PRS from different PRS sources do not overlap) . PRS may comprise PRS resources and / or PRS resource sets of a frequency layer. A DL PRS positioning frequency layer (or simply a frequency layer) is a collection of DL PRS resource sets, from one or more TRPs, with PRS resource (s) that have common parameters configured by higher-layer parameters DL-PRS-PositioningFrequencyLayer, DL-PRS-ResourceSet, and DL-PRS-Resource. Each frequency layer has a DL PRS subcarrier spacing (SCS) for the DL PRS resource sets and the DL PRS resources in the frequency layer. Each frequency layer has a DL PRS cyclic prefix (CP) for the DL PRS resource sets and the DL PRS resources in the frequency layer. In 5G, a resource block occupies 12 consecutive subcarriers and a specified number of symbols. Common resource blocks are the set of resource blocks that occupy a channel bandwidth. A bandwidth part (BWP) is a set of contiguous common resource blocks and may include all the common resource blocks within a channel bandwidth or a subset of the common resource blocks. Also, a DL PRS Point A parameter defines a frequency of a reference resource block (and the lowest subcarrier of the resource block) , with DL PRS resources belonging to the same DL PRS resource set having the same Point A and all DL PRS resource sets belonging to the same frequency layer having the same Point A. A frequency layer also has the same DL PRS bandwidth, the same start PRB (and center frequency) , and the same value of comb size (i.e., a frequency of PRS resource elements per symbol such that for comb-N, every Nth resource element is a PRS resource element) . A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and may be associated with a particular TRP (identified by a cell ID) transmitted by an antenna panel of a base station. A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set may be associated with an omnidirectional signal, and / or with a single beam (and / or beam ID) transmitted from a single base station (where a base station may transmit one or more beams) . Each PRS resource of a PRS resource set may be transmitted on a different beam and as such, a PRS resource (or simply resource) can also be referred to as a beam. This does not have any implications on whether the base stations and the beams on which PRS are transmitted are known to the UE.
[0095] A TRP may be configured, e.g., by instructions received from a server and / or by software in the TRP, to send DL PRS per a schedule. According to the schedule, the TRP may send the DL PRS intermittently, e.g., periodically at a consistent interval from an initial transmission. The TRP may be configured to send one or more PRS resource sets. A resource set is a collection of PRS resources across one TRP, with the resources having the same periodicity, a common muting pattern configuration (if any) , and the same repetition factor across slots. Each of the PRS resource sets comprises multiple PRS resources, with each PRS resource comprising multiple OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Resource Elements (REs) that may be in multiple Resource Blocks (RBs) within N (one or more) consecutive symbol (s) within a slot. PRS resources (or reference signal (RS) resources generally) may be referred to as OFDM PRS resources (or OFDM RS resources) . An RB is a collection of REs spanning a quantity of one or more consecutive symbols in the time domain and a quantity (12 for a 5G RB) of consecutive sub-carriers in the frequency domain. Each PRS resource is configured with an RE offset, slot offset, a symbol offset within a slot, and a number of consecutive symbols that the PRS resource may occupy within a slot. The RE offset defines the starting RE offset of the first symbol within a DL PRS resource in frequency. The relative RE offsets of the remaining symbols within a DL PRS resource are defined based on the initial offset. The slot offset is the starting slot of the DL PRS resource with respect to a corresponding resource set slot offset. The symbol offset determines the starting symbol of the DL PRS resource within the starting slot. Transmitted REs may repeat across slots, with each transmission being called a repetition such that there may be multiple repetitions in a PRS resource. The DL PRS resources in a DL PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP and each DL PRS resource has a DL PRS resource ID. A DL PRS resource ID in a DL PRS resource set is associated with a single beam transmitted from a single TRP (although a TRP may transmit one or more beams) .
[0096] A PRS resource may also be defined by quasi-co-location and start PRB parameters. A quasi-co-location (QCL) parameter may define any quasi-co-location information of the DL PRS resource with other reference signals. The DL PRS may be configured to be QCL type D with a DL PRS or SS / PBCH (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel) Block from a serving cell or a non-serving cell. The DL PRS may be configured to be QCL type C with an SS / PBCH Block from a serving cell or a non-serving cell. The start PRB parameter defines the starting PRB index of the DL PRS resource with respect to reference Point A. The starting PRB index has a granularity of one PRB and may have a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 2176 PRBs.
[0097] A PRS resource set is a collection of PRS resources with the same periodicity, same muting pattern configuration (if any) , and the same repetition factor across slots. Every time all repetitions of all PRS resources of the PRS resource set are configured to be transmitted is referred as an “instance” . Therefore, an “instance” of a PRS resource set is a specified number of repetitions for each PRS resource and a specified number of PRS resources within the PRS resource set such that once the specified number of repetitions are transmitted for each of the specified number of PRS resources, the instance is complete. An instance may also be referred to as an “occasion. ” A DL PRS configuration including a DL PRS transmission schedule may be provided to a UE to facilitate (or even enable) the UE to measure the DL PRS.
[0098] Multiple frequency layers of PRS may be aggregated to provide an effective bandwidth that is larger than any of the bandwidths of the layers individually. Multiple frequency layers of component carriers (which may be consecutive and / or separate) and meeting criteria such as being quasi co-located (QCLed) , and having the same antenna port, may be stitched to provide a larger effective PRS bandwidth (for DL PRS and UL PRS) resulting in increased time of arrival measurement accuracy. Stitching comprises combining PRS measurements over individual bandwidth fragments into a unified piece such that the stitched PRS may be treated as having been taken from a single measurement. Being QCLed, the different frequency layers behave similarly, enabling stitching of the PRS to yield the larger effective bandwidth. The larger effective bandwidth, which may be referred to as the bandwidth of an aggregated PRS or the frequency bandwidth of an aggregated PRS, provides for better time-domain resolution (e.g., of TDOA) . An aggregated PRS includes a collection of PRS resources and each PRS resource of an aggregated PRS may be called a PRS component, and each PRS component may be transmitted on different component carriers, bands, or frequency layers, or on different portions of the same band.
[0099] RTT positioning is an active positioning technique in that RTT uses positioning signals sent by TRPs to UEs and by UEs (that are participating in RTT positioning) to TRPs. The TRPs may send DL-PRS signals that are received by the UEs and the UEs may send SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) signals that are received by multiple TRPs. A sounding reference signal may be referred to as an SRS or an SRS signal. In 5G multi-RTT, coordinated positioning may be used with the UE sending a single UL-SRS for positioning that is received by multiple TRPs instead of sending a separate UL-SRS for positioning for each TRP. A TRP that participates in multi-RTT will typically search for UEs that are currently camped on that TRP (served UEs, with the TRP being a serving TRP) and also UEs that are camped on neighboring TRPs (neighbor UEs) . Neighbor TRPs may be TRPs of a single BTS (Base Transceiver Station) (e.g., gNB) , or may be a TRP of one BTS and a TRP of a separate BTS. For RTT positioning, including multi-RTT positioning, the DL-PRS signal and the UL-SRS for positioning signal in a PRS / SRS for positioning signal pair used to determine RTT (and thus used to determine range between the UE and the TRP) may occur close in time to each other such that errors due to UE motion and / or UE clock drift and / or TRP clock drift are within acceptable limits. For example, signals in a PRS / SRS for positioning signal pair may be transmitted from the TRP and the UE, respectively, within about 10 ms of each other. With SRS for positioning being sent by UEs, and with PRS and SRS for positioning being conveyed close in time to each other, it has been found that radio-frequency (RF) signal congestion may result (which may cause excessive noise, etc. ) especially if many UEs attempt positioning concurrently and / or that computational congestion may result at the TRPs that are trying to measure many UEs concurrently.
[0100] RTT positioning may be UE-based or UE-assisted. In UE-based RTT, the UE 200 determines the RTT and corresponding range to each of the TRPs 300 and the position of the UE 200 based on the ranges to the TRPs 300 and known locations of the TRPs 300. In UE- assisted RTT, the UE 200 measures positioning signals and provides measurement information to the TRP 300, and the TRP 300 determines the RTT and range. The TRP 300 provides ranges to a location server, e.g., the server 400, and the server determines the location of the UE 200, e.g., based on ranges to different TRPs 300. The RTT and / or range may be determined by the TRP 300 that received the signal (s) from the UE 200, by this TRP 300 in combination with one or more other devices, e.g., one or more other TRPs 300 and / or the server 400, or by one or more devices other than the TRP 300 that received the signal (s) from the UE 200.
[0101] Various positioning techniques are supported in 5G NR. The NR native positioning methods supported in 5G NR include DL-only positioning methods, UL-only positioning methods, and DL+UL positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include DL-TDOA and DL-AoD. Uplink-based positioning methods include UL-TDOA and UL-AoA. Combined DL+UL-based positioning methods include RTT with one base station and RTT with multiple base stations (multi-RTT) .
[0102] A position estimate (e.g., for a UE) may be referred to by other names, such as a location estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like. A position estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location. A position estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) . A position estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default level of confidence) . Position information may include one or more positioning signal measurements (e.g., of one or more satellite signals, of PRS, and / or one or more other signals) , and / or one or more values (e.g., one or more ranges (possibly including one or more pseudoranges) , and / or one or more position estimates, etc. ) based on one or more positioning signal measurements.
[0103] In FIG. 5, a system block diagram of a system 500 for selectively downloading an HD map to a mobile device 502. In this example, the system 500 includes the mobile device 502 that may be either within or integrated into an assisted vehicle 504 such as, for example, an autonomous, and driver assisted vehicle. In this example, the system 500 may include at least one transceiver 506, at least one memory 508, and at least one processor 510, coupled to the at least one transceiver 506 and the at least one memory 508. The at least one memory 508 may include a storage memory 512. In this example, the at least one processor 510 may be configured to: store a previously stored HD map in the storage memory 512, where the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; receive, via the at least one transceiver 506, a set of HD map tiles 514 from a network entity 516; update the previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles 514 to create an updated HD map; and store the updated HD map in the storage memory 512; and transmit, via the at least one transceiver 506, a response signal 518 to the network entity 516, where the response signal 518 corresponds to the received set of HD map tiles 514. In this example, the network entity 516 may be, for example, an LMF (as described earlier as LMF 120) , a 5G Core (as described earlier as 5G Core 140 that includes an LMF 120) , and / or a server (as described earlier as server 400 shown in FIG. 4) . The network entity 516 may be, or include, a map server that is a server that produces HD maps of spatially referenced data dynamically from geographic information. In this example, the previously stored HD map may optionally be an initial HD map that is stored in the storage memory 512 as the first HD map stored in the storage memory 512 when the storage memory 512 is empty.
[0104] In general, the mobile device 502 may comprise and / or may be referred to as a device, a mobile device, a wireless device, a mobile terminal, a terminal, a MS, a SUPL SET, or by some other name. As an example, the mobile device 502 may be the UE 105 or either the assisted vehicle 504 or integrated device within the assisted vehicle 502. In this example, the mobile device 502 may be optionally preloaded with the initial HD map that is stored in the storage memory 512 or the initial HD map may be downloaded from the network entity 516 prior to receiving the HD map tiles 514 so as to be the previously stored HD map. If the initial HD map is downloaded from the network entity 516, the at least one processor 510 is further configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver 506, the initial HD map 528 from a network entity 516.
[0105] The at least one transceiver 506 may be in signal communication with the network entity 516 via a RAN 520 and a network 521. The network 521 may be any communication type of network such as, for example, a telecommunication network for a wireless provider or the Internet. The RAN 520 is coupled to the at least one transceiver 506 and the network entity 516 via signal paths 522 and 523, the network 521, and signal path 524, respectively. In this example, the RAN 520 may be, for example, a cellular base station that communicates with UEs (including the mobile device 502) within a first cellular coverage area. The at least one transceiver 506 is in signal communication with the RAN 520 via the signal path 522 that is a UE-to-network radio interface. In this example, the UE-to-network radio interface may be, for example, a UMTS Air Interface (Uu) , a LTE-Uu interface, a new radio Uu interface (NR-Uu) , or a similar type radio interface.
[0106] The circuits, components, modules, and / or devices of, or associated with, the mobile device 502, at least one transceiver 506, at least one memory 508, at least one processor 510, RAN 520, network entity 516, and the another network entity 534 are described as being in signal communication with each other, where signal communication refers to any type of communication and / or connection between the circuits, components, modules, and / or devices that allows a circuit, component, module, and / or device to pass and / or receive signals and / or information from another circuit, component, module, and / or device. The communication and / or connection may be along any signal path between the circuits, components, modules, and / or devices that allows signals and / or information to pass from one circuit, component, module, and / or device to another and includes wireless or wired signal paths. The signal paths may be physical, such as, for example, conductive wires, electromagnetic wave guides, cables, attached and / or electromagnetic or mechanically coupled terminals, semi-conductive or dielectric materials or devices, or other similar physical connections or couplings. Additionally, signal paths may be non-physical such as free-space (in the case of electromagnetic propagation) or information paths through digital components where communication information may be passed from one circuit, component, module, and / or device to another in varying digital formats without passing through a direct electromagnetic connection.
[0107] Additionally, the at least one processor 510 may be configured to store the set of HD map tiles 514 of the HD map based on storage information 526 received from the network entity 516 with the set of HD map tiles 514. The storage information 526 may include information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles 514 in the storage memory 512; information on how far along a route to store the set of HD map tiles 514 in the storage memory 512; and a storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles 514.
[0108] The at least one processor 510 may be configured to request 530, via the at least one transceiver 506, the set of HD map tiles 514 from the network entity 516, where the request 530 includes map information corresponding to the initial HD map tiles. In this example, the map information may include HD map tile indexes corresponding to the initial HD map tiles, a time when the set of HD map tiles 514 was received at the mobile device 502, road segment identifications along a route traveled by the AV 504, and zone identifications along the route. The map information may also include information about a route routine for the AV 504, information about frequently visited destinations of the AV 504, and the available storage size of the storage memory 512 for storing the updated HD map on the storage memory 512.
[0109] The response signal 518 may include an acknowledgment message / signal for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles 514, received by the mobile device 502. In this example, the at least one processor 510 may be further configured to receive the set of HD map tiles 514 where the set of HD map tiles 514 are encoded with an outer-code and the response signal 518 may also include a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile (of the HD map tiles 514) not received by the mobile device 502.
[0110] As another example, the system 500 may also optionally request, via the at least one transceiver 506, a new set of HD map tiles from another network entity 534 utilizing a sidelink channel. In this example, the request 532 may include map information corresponding to the previously stored HD map stored in the storage memory 512 and the other network entity 534 may be a roadside network device, another AV, or other similar network device capable of updating the HD maps for the mobile device 502.
[0111] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example route 600 along a simplified map 602 for the AV 504 shown in FIG. 5. In this example, the route 600 starts at point A and ends at point B. For purposes of illustration, the route 600 may being in urban area (i.e., Area 604) and travel through different areas along the route 600. For example, Area 606 and Area 612 may be open areas where signal reception from wireless base stations may be unobstructed. However, Area 604, Area 608, and Area 610 may have obstructed areas where wireless reception from base stations in these areas may be difficult / degraded. As an example, Area 604 may be an urban area with, e.g., buildings, tunnels, bridges, and / or other structures that may interfere with receiving the HD map tiles. Area 604 may also have an issue with available bandwidth capacity or interference for wireless networks that may impact the ability to properly download the HD map tiles. Area 608 and Area 610 may also have issues with wireless availability because Area 608 may be, for example, a forest and Area 610 may be a mountain range. The system 500 enables an enhanced method for downloading HD Maps along the route 600 of the AV 504.
[0112] In FIG. 7, a system diagram is shown for updating an HD map in the mobile device 502. Similar to FIG. 5, in FIG. 7 the mobile device 502 is shown including at least one transceiver 506, at least one processor 510, and a storage memory 512. In this example, the storage memory 512 may be, or include, a database 700 (or storage buffer) for storing the HD map and associated HD map tiles. In an example of operation, the at least one processor 510 determines 702 if the previously stored HD map stored in the database 700 (i.e., previously stored HD map titles 704) should be updated. If the previously stored HD map tiles 704 should be updated, then the at least one processor 510 may send the request 530 to the network entity 516 for HD map tiles 514 to update the previously stored HD map in the database 700. If the previously stored HD map tiles 704 do not have to be updated, the at least one processor 510 may continue to monitor the previously stored HD map titles 704 based on number of criteria to determine if any of the previously stored HD map tiles 704 should be updated at a later time. In this example, the at least one processor 510 may determine that the previously stored HD map should be updated base on a number of criteria / factors that may include, for example, the age of the stored HD map titles 704, and information from the network entity 516 about how long to store the previously stored HD map tiles 704 and / or how far along the route 600 to store the previously stored HD map tiles 704. For example, sensors in the AV 504 and / or mobile device 502 may determine that the environment and / or road condition of the route 600 does not correspond with the stored current HD map titles 704; or that the AV 504 is going to make some type of important movement, e.g. changing from one lane to another.
[0113] If the at least one processor 510 determines that the previously stored HD map tiles 704 should be updated and the request 530 for the HD map tiles 514 has been sent to the network entity 516 via the at least one transceiver 506, the at least one processor 510 waits to receive the HD map tiles 514 via the at least one transceiver 506. Once the HD map tiles 514 are received by the at least one processor 510, via the at least one transceiver 506, the at least one processor 510 may determine 706 whether the HD map tiles 514 were properly received by the at least one transceiver 506. If the HD map tiles 514 were not properly received, the at least one processor 510 may optionally send a negative acknowledgment message 708 to the network entity 516 as part of the response signal 518. Alternatively, if the HD map tiles 514 were properly received, then the at least one processor 510 may store the HD map tiles 514 in the database 700 if the at least one processor 510 determines 702 to update HD map tiles of the previously stored HD map tiles 704 (e.g., that the HD map tiles should be updated) . In this example, the at least one processor 510 may optionally send an acknowledgment message 710 to the network entity 516 as part of the response signal 518. The at least one processor 510 may also send map information 712 corresponding to the previously stored HD map tiles 704 as part of the request 530. The map information 712 may be information related to the initial HD map tiles stored or previously updated and the previously stored HD map tiles 704 in the database 700. In this example, the map information 712 may include, for example, HD map tile indexes corresponding to the initial HD map tiles stored or previously updated and previously stored HD map titles 704; a time when the set of HD map tiles 514 was received at the mobile device 502 via the at least one transceiver 506; one or more road segment identifications along the route 600; one or more zone identifications along the route 600; a route routine for the mobile device 502 and / or AV 504 along the route 506; frequently visited destinations of the mobile device 502 and / or AV 504 along a route 600, and the available storage size on the storage memory 512 for storing the previously stored HD map tiles 704 and / or the HD map tiles 514.
[0114] In this example, the initial HD map tiles stored in the database 700 are HD map tiles that may have been loaded a priori to downloading any HD map titles 514. These initial HD map tiles may have been loaded into the database 700 via, for example, a readable memory device such as, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) device, DVD media, flash media, or other type of portable memory device. Alternatively, the initial HD map titles may be loaded into the database 700 by initially downloading an optional initial HD map 528 from the network entity 516 prior to mobile device 502 / AV 504 starting on the route 600. As such, the previously stored HD map tiles 704 may be optionally the initial HD map tiles that were loaded into the database 700 a priori via the readable memory device or downloaded as the optional initial HD map 528 via the network entity 516; or stored HD map tiles 514 after the previously stored HD map tiles 704 have been updated by the HD map tiles 514 and then stored into the database 700.
[0115] In FIG. 8, a system diagram is shown for an example of the network entity 516 for selectively downloading an HD map from the network entity 516 to a mobile device 502. In this example, the network entity 516 may include at least one transceiver 800, at least one memory 802, and at least one processor 804, coupled with the at least one transceiver 800 and the at least one memory 802. The at least one processor 804 may be configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver 800, the request 530 from the mobile device 502 for a set of HD map tiles, where the request 530 includes map information corresponding an initial HD map having a plurality of initial HD map tiles; determine 806 the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and transmit, via the at least one transceiver 800, the set of HD map tiles 514 to the mobile device 502.
[0116] In this example, the network entity 516 may be configured to keep track of the indexes and corresponding HD map tiles of the HD map tiles 514 that are transmitted to the mobile device 502. The network entity 516 may also be configured to keep track of the HD map tiles 514 that were transmitted at different timings because even for the same area, or same zone, the HD maps may be different at different timing, as there are real-time HD map parts. By keeping track of the HD map tiles 514, the network entity 516 has this information recorded, such that the network entity 516 can determine what the AV 504 and / or mobile device 502 already has based on the past tile IDs in the request message 530. The network entity 516 may then determine the differential parts to be transmitted which would lower the transmission bandwidth to for transmitting the HD map information to the mobile device 502.
[0117] The at least one processor 804 may be further configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver 800, the response signal 518 from the mobile device 502, where the response signal 518 corresponds to the set of HD map tiles received 514 by the mobile device 502. The at least one processor 804 may be further configured to transmit the storage information 526 for the set of HD map tiles 514, where the storage information may include information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles 514 on the mobile device 502 and how far to store the set of HD map tiles 514 on the mobile device 502 as the AV 504 travels along the route 600. The storage information may also include a storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles 514.
[0118] As described earlier, the map information may include information corresponding to the HD map tile indexes corresponding to the initial HD map tiles or HD map tiles 514, a time when the set of HD map tiles 514 was received at the mobile device 502, road segment identifications, and / or zone identifications. The map information may also include a route routine for the mobile device 502 along the route 600, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device 502, and / or an available storage size on the database 700 for storing the previously stored HD map tiles 704 and / or HD map tiles 514.
[0119] In this example, the response signal 518 may include an acknowledgment message for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles 514, received by the mobile device 502. Additionally, the at least one processor may be further configured to transmit the set of HD map tiles 514 encoded with an outer-code or network code to the mobile device 502. In this example, the response signal 518 may further includes a negative acknowledgment message for each HD map tile 514 not received by the mobile device 502.
[0120] As described earlier, the at least one processor 804 may also be configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver 800, the optional initial HD map 528 to the mobile device 502 if the mobile device 502 requests it.
[0121] Turning to FIGS. 9A and 9B, a system diagram is shown utilizing an outer-code for transmissions of the HD map tiles 514 to more than one vehicle. In this example, the HD map tiles 514 are large, so for a dense AV scenario (e.g., Area A along the route 600) , with buffering available in the AV 504 utilizing storage memory 512, an outer coding transmission scheme may be utilized as a resource-efficient way to transmit the HD map titles 514 for retransmissions. In this example, two AVs (i.e., first AV 900 and second AV 902) are shown traveling along a route 600 in the same direction 903 through a dense AV scenario that may include buildings 904, homes 906. The first AV 900 and second AV 902 may be in signal communication with a signal RAN 908 which is in signal communication with the network entity 516.
[0122] As an example, if the network entity 516 sends the HD map tiles 514 to the RAN 908 for a broadcast, or unicast, transmission to the first AV 900 and second AV 902 but because of the problems described earlier only portions of the HD map tiles 514 are received by the first AV 900 and second AV 902, a retransmission the HD map tiles 514 will be necessary. Assuming that the first AV 900 receives only a first portion of the transmission of the HD map tiles 514 (shown as transmission Xa) and the second AV 902 receives only a second portion of the transmission of the HD map tiles 514 (shown as transmission Xb) , a retransmission will be needed to provide the missing portions of the HD map tiles 514 to first AV 900 and second AV 902. For simplicity of illustration, it is assumed that the first AV 900 is missing the portion of the HD map tiles 514 corresponding to the transmission Xb and the second AV 902 is missing the portion of the HD map tiles 514 corresponding to the transmission Xa.
[0123] In FIG. 9B, a retransmission of the HD map tiles 514 is shown utilizing an outer-code. In this example, the RAN 908 may retransmit the missing portions of the HD map tiles 514 as an outer-code transmission F (Xa, Xb) . In this example, the outer-code is a coding technique utilizing a concatenated coding system. As an example, the outer-code may utilize an exclusive OR (XOR) logical biconditional technique where a logical operation is true only if its arguments differ (i.e., one is true while the other is false) . Other types of outer-codes such as erasure coding may also be utilized.
[0124] As an example of simple signal erasure utilizing an erasure coding for the outer-code, a single parity check code can correct for one erasure in the transmitted stream of data. If the input has three variables such as [a, b, c] and the input is encoded to a vector and then transmitted, any single erasure can be recorded utilizing the code. In this example, the operation represents an XOR operation. If the received vector is the erased element can be recovered by summing the other elements transmitted (i.e. ) to recover element b. This can be described as a linear system over a Galois field with three variables and four linearly independent constraints such that
[0125] From this relationship, any three constraints and one erasure are sufficient to find the three variables.
[0126] In this example, to implement an outer-code transmission, the first AV 900 and second AV 902 should send back the acknowledgement messages as part of the response signal 518 to the network entity 516. An acknowledgement message is needed for each of the individual HD map tiles transmitted to the first AV 900 and second AV 902 because in order to utilize the outer-code technique, the network entity 516 needs to know which individual HD map tiles were successfully received by each AV. An optional negative acknowledge message for expected HD map tiles that were not successfully receive by each AV may also helpful in the network entity 516 determining what portions of the HD map tiles 514 should be retransmitted to the first AV 900 and second AV 902. Additional fields may be utilized in a header of the acknowledgment message to indicated the information of all the transport blocks (TBs) in the outer-coded packet. These fields may include, for example, a transport block size (TBS) , sidelink control information of type 2 (SCI-2) , packet identification (ID) to distinguish between packets, and destination ID to the TBs (where each TB has a destination receiver and the destination receiver has an ID) . The field may also include a total number of TBs so that a decoder can decode each TB and knows many TBs should to be decoded.
[0127] Turning to FIG. 10, a system diagram is shown for utilizing sidelinks with other network entities to download the HD map titles. The system 1000 may include a network entity 1002, first RAN 1004, second RAN 1006, first AV 1008, and second AV 1010. In this example, the first AV 1008 and second AV 1010 may be traveling along the same route 600. The network entity 1002 is in signal communication with both the first RAN 1004 and second RAN 1006 via signal paths 1012 and 1014, respectively. As an example, the first AV 1008 may be located in an out-of-coverage area at a first location 1016 and the second AV 1010 may be located in an in-coverage area at a second location 1018. The first AV 1008 may have lost the wireless signal 1020 from the first RAN 1004 when it entered the out-of-coverage area. As such, the first AV 1008 may broadcast a request 1022 to surrounding other network entities to download the needed HD map titles. In this example, the second AV 1010 is another network entity because it is in signal communication with the network entity 1002 via the second RAN 1006 and signal paths 1024 and 1014, respectively. Other examples of other network entities may include stationary roadside networked devices that are in signal communication with the network entity 1002. In this example, once the second AV 1010 receives the broadcast request 1022 form the first AV 1008, the second AV 1010 may initiate a security verification process and if acceptable, the second AV 1010 may establish a sidelink channel 1026 (either unicast or broadcast) with the first AV 1008. Once the sidelink channel 1026 is established, the second AV 1010 may transmit the requested HD map tiles 1028 to the first AV 1008. In this example, the broadcast request may include a message that includes the required HD map tile indexes, road segments IDs along the route 600, or zone IDs along the route 600.
[0128] FIG. 11 is a flowchart diagram of a method 1100 performed by a system 500 for selectively downloading the HD map to the mobile device 502. The method 1100 includes: receiving 1102, via an at least one transceiver 506, a set of HD map tiles 514 from the network entity 516; updating 1104 the previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles 514 to create an updated HD map; and storing 1106 the updated HD map in the storage memory 512. The method 1100 may also include transmitting, via the at least one transceiver 506, a response signal 518 to the network entity 516, where the response signal 518 corresponds to the received set of HD map tiles 514
[0129] In this example, storing 1106 the set of HD map tiles 514 may further include storing the set of HD map tiles 514 based on the storage information 526 received from the network entity 516 with the set of HD map tiles 514. As discussed earlier, the storage information 526 may include information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles 514 and how far to store the set of HD map tiles 514 along a route 600. The storage information 526 may include a storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles 514.
[0130] The method 1100 may also include requesting 530, via the at least one transceiver 506, the set of HD map tiles 514 from the network entity 516, where the request 530 includes map information 712 corresponding to the initial HD map tiles. As discussed earlier, the map information 712 may include HD map tile indexes corresponding to the initial HD map tiles, a time when the set of HD map tiles was received at the mobile device, road segment identifications, and zone identifications. The map information may also include a route routine for the mobile device 502 along the route 600, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device 502, and an available storage size on the storage memory 512 for storing the updated HD map. In this example, the response signal 518 may include an acknowledgment message for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles 514, received by the mobile device 502. Furthermore, receiving 1102 the set of HD map tiles 514 may include receiving the set of HD map tiles 514 encoded with an outer-code. As discussed with regard to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the response signal 518 may further include an optional negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile not received by the mobile device 502. The method 1100 may also optionally include receiving, via the at least one transceiver 506, the initial HD map from a network entity 516. As discussed with regard to FIG. 10, the method 1100 may also include requesting, via the at least one transceiver 506, a new set of HD map tiles 1028 from another network entity (e.g., second AV 1010) utilizing a sidelink channel 1026, the request 1022 includes map information corresponding to the HD map.
[0131] FIG. 12 is a flowchart diagram of a method 1200 performed by the network entity 516 for selectively downloading the HD map from the network entity 516 to the mobile device 502. The method 1200 includes receiving 1202, via an at least one transceiver 800, a request 530 from a mobile device 502 for a set of HD map tiles 514, where the request 530 includes map information 712 corresponding an previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles. The method 1200 also determines 1204 the set of HD map tiles 514 from the map information 712 and transmits 1204, via the at least one transceiver 800, the set of HD map tiles 514 to the mobile device 502.
[0132] In this example, the method 1200 may further include receiving, via the at least one transceiver 800, the response signal 518 from the mobile device 502, where the response signal 518 corresponds to the set of HD map tiles 514 received by the mobile device 502. The transmitting 1204 of the set of HD map tiles may include transmitting storage information for the set of HD map tiles 514, where, as discussed earlier, the storage information may information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles 514 on the mobile device 502 and how far to store the set of HD map tiles 514 on the mobile device 502. The storage information may include storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles 514. As discussed earlier, the map information 712 may include HD map tile indexes corresponding to the previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of HD map tiles was received at the mobile device, road segment identifications, and zone identifications. The map information may also include a route routine for the mobile device 502 along the route 600, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device 502, and an available storage size on the storage memory 512 for storing the updated HD map.
[0133] As discussed earlier, the response signal 518 may include an acknowledgment message for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles 514, received by the mobile device 502. Furthermore, transmitting 1206 the set of HD map tiles 514 may include transmitting the set of HD map tiles 514 encoded with an outer-code and the method 1200 may optionally include receiving the response signal 518 with a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile not received by the mobile device 502. As discussed with regard to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the response signal 518 may further include an optional negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile not received by the mobile device 502. The method 1200 may also optionally include transmitting, via the at least one transceiver 800, the initial HD map to the mobile device 502.
[0134] Implementation examples
[0135] Implementation examples are provided in the following numbered clauses.
[0136] Clause 1. A method for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the method comprising: receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0137] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein storing the set of updated HD map tiles further includes storing the set of updated HD map tiles based on storage information received from the network entity with the set of HD map tiles, and the storage information is selected from a group consisting of information on how long to store the set of updated HD map tiles, information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of updated HD map tiles, and a storage priority for storing each updated HD map tile of the set of updated HD map tiles.
[0138] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, further including transmitting a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver, for the set of updated HD map tiles from the network entity, wherein the request includes map information corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles.
[0139] Clause 4. The method of clause 3, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting of HD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of updated HD map tiles was transmitted to the mobile device, road segment identifications, zone identifications, a route routine for the mobile device, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, and an available storage size on an at least one memory of the mobile device for storing the updated HD map.
[0140] Clause 5. The method of clause 1, further including transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a response signal to the network entity, wherein the response signal corresponds to the set of updated HD map tiles.
[0141] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.
[0142] Clause 7. The method of clause 6, wherein receiving the set of HD map tiles includes receiving the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code.
[0143] Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.
[0144] Clause 9. The method of clause 1, further including receiving, via the at least one transceiver, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.
[0145] Clause 10. The method of clause 1, further including transmitting a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver using a sidelink channel, for a new set of updated HD map tiles from another network entity, wherein the request includes map information corresponding to the updated HD map.
[0146] Clause 11. A method for selectively transmitting a high-definition (HD) map from a network entity to a mobile device, the method comprising: receiving, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, wherein the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; determining, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and transmitting, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.
[0147] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting of HD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of HD map tiles was received at the mobile device, road segment identifications, zone identifications, a route routine for the mobile device, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, and an available storage size on the mobile device for storing the HD map.
[0148] Clause 13. The method of clause 11, further including receiving, at the network entity, a response signal from the mobile device, wherein the response signal corresponds to the set of HD map tiles transmitted to the mobile device.
[0149] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.
[0150] Clause 15. The method of clause 14, wherein transmitting the set of HD map tiles includes transmitting the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code to the mobile device.
[0151] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.
[0152] Clause 17. The method of clause 11, further including transmitting, from the network entity, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.
[0153] Clause 18. The method of clause 11, wherein transmitting the set of HD map tiles includes transmitting storage information for the set of HD map tiles, and the storage information is selected from a group consisting of information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles on the mobile device, information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of HD map tiles, and a storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles.
[0154] Clause 19. An apparatus for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the apparatus comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one memory; and at least one processor, in signal communication with the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver from the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; update a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and store the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0155] Clause 20. The apparatus of clause 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to store the set of updated HD map tiles based on storage information received from the network entity with the set of HD map tiles, and the storage information is selected from a group consisting of information on how long to store the set of updated HD map tiles, information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of updated HD map tiles, and a storage priority for storing each updated HD map tile of the set of updated HD map tiles.
[0156] Clause 21. The apparatus of clause 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver, the set of HD map tiles from the network entity, and the request includes map information corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles.
[0157] Clause 22. The apparatus of clause 21, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting of HD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of updated HD map tiles was transmitted to the mobile device, road segment identifications, zone identifications, a route routine for the mobile device, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, and an available storage size on an at least one memory of the mobile device for storing the updated HD map.
[0158] Clause 23. The apparatus of clause 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a response signal to the network entity, and the response signal corresponds to the set of updated HD map tiles.
[0159] Clause 24. The apparatus of clause 23, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.
[0160] Clause 25. The apparatus of clause 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code.
[0161] Clause 26. The apparatus of clause 25, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.
[0162] Clause 27. The apparatus of clause 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, and the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.
[0163] Clause 28. The apparatus of clause 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver using a sidelink channel, for a new set of HD map tiles from another network entity, and the request includes map information corresponding to the updated HD map.
[0164] Clause 29. A network entity for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the network entity comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one memory; and at least one processor, in signal communication with the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory, the at least one processor configured to: receive, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, wherein the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; determine, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and transmit, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.
[0165] Clause 30. The network entity of clause 29, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting of HD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of HD map tiles was received at the mobile device, road segment identifications, zone identifications, a route routine for the mobile device, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, and an available storage size on the mobile device for storing the HD map.
[0166] Clause 31. The network entity of clause 29, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive, at the network entity, a response signal from the mobile device, and the response signal corresponds to the set of HD map tiles transmitted to the mobile device.
[0167] Clause 32. The network entity of clause 31, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.
[0168] Clause 33. The network entity of clause 32, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code to the mobile device.
[0169] Clause 34. The network entity of clause 33, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.
[0170] Clause 35. The network entity of clause 29, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit, from the network entity, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.
[0171] Clause 36. The network entity of clause 29, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit storage information for the set of HD map tiles, and the storage information is selected from a group consisting of information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles on the mobile device, information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of HD map tiles, and a storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles.
[0172] Clause 37. An apparatus for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity; means for updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and means for storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0173] Clause 38. The apparatus of clause 37, wherein means for storing the set of updated HD map tiles further includes storing the set of updated HD map tiles based on storage information received from the network entity with the set of HD map tiles, and the storage information is selected from a group consisting of information on how long to store the set of updated HD map tiles, information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of updated HD map tiles, and a storage priority for storing each updated HD map tile of the set of updated HD map tiles.
[0174] Clause 39. The apparatus of clause 38, further including means for transmitting a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver, for the set of updated HD map tiles from the network entity, wherein the request includes map information corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles.
[0175] Clause 40. The apparatus of clause 39, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting of HD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of updated HD map tiles was transmitted to the mobile device, road segment identifications, zone identifications, a route routine for the mobile device, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, and an available storage size on an at least one memory of the mobile device for storing the updated HD map.
[0176] Clause 41. The apparatus of clause 37, further including means for transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a response signal to the network entity, wherein the response signal corresponds to the set of updated HD map tiles.
[0177] Clause 42. The apparatus of clause 41, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.
[0178] Clause 43. The apparatus of clause 42, wherein the means for receiving the set of HD map tiles includes means for receiving the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code.
[0179] Clause 44. The apparatus of clause 43, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.
[0180] 45. The apparatus of clause 37, further including means for receiving, via the at least one transceiver, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.
[0181] Clause 46. The apparatus of clause 37, further including means for transmitting a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver using a sidelink channel, for a new set of updated HD map tiles from another network entity, wherein the request includes map information corresponding to the updated HD map.
[0182] Clause 47. A network entity for selectively transmitting a high-definition (HD) map from the network entity to a mobile device, the network entity comprising: means for receiving, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, wherein the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; means for determining, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and means for transmitting, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.
[0183] Clause 48. The network entity of clause 47, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting of HD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles, a time when the set of HD map tiles was received at the mobile device, road segment identifications, zone identifications, a route routine for the mobile device, frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, and an available storage size on the mobile device for storing the HD map.
[0184] Clause 49. The network entity of clause 47, further including means for receiving, at the network entity, a response signal from the mobile device, wherein the response signal corresponds to the set of HD map tiles transmitted to the mobile device.
[0185] Clause 50. The network entity of clause 49, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.
[0186] Clause 51. The network entity of clause 50, wherein the means for transmitting the set of HD map tiles includes means for transmitting the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code to the mobile device.
[0187] Clause 52. The network entity of clause 51, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.
[0188] Clause 53. The network entity of clause 47, further including means for transmitting, from the network entity, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.
[0189] Clause 54. The network entity of clause 47, wherein means for transmitting the set of HD map tiles includes means for transmitting storage information for the set of HD map tiles, and the storage information is selected from a group consisting of information on how long to store the set of HD map tiles on the mobile device, information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of HD map tiles, and a storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles.
[0190] Clause 55. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors of a mobile device to receive a selectively downloaded high-definition (HD) map from a network entity at the mobile device, comprising: code for receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from the network entity; code for updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; and code for storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.
[0191] Clause 56. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors of a network entity to transmit a selectively downloaded high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, comprising: code for receiving, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, wherein the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles; code for determining, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; and code for transmitting, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.
[0192] Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software and computers, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or a combination of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0193] As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, reference to a device in the singular (e.g., “a device, ” “the device” ) , including in the claims, includes at least one, i.e., one or more, of such devices (e.g., “a processor” includes at least one processor (e.g., one processor, two processors, etc. ) , “the processor” includes at least one processor, “a memory” includes at least one memory, “the memory” includes at least one memory, etc. ) . The phrases “at least one” and “one or more” are used interchangeably and such that “at least one” referred-to object and “one or more” referred-to objects include implementations that have one referred-to object and implementations that have multiple referred-to objects. For example, “at least one processor” and “one or more processors” each includes implementations that have one processor and implementations that have multiple processors.
[0194] The terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “includes, ” and / or “including, ” as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0195] Also, as used herein, “or” as used in a list of items (possibly prefaced by “at least one of” or prefaced by “one or more of” ) indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C, ” or a list of “one or more of A, B, or C” or a list of “A or B or C” means A, or B, or C, or AB (A and B) , or AC (A and C) , or BC (B and C) , or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) , or combinations with more than one feature (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc. ) . Thus, a recitation that an item, e.g., a processor, is configured to perform a function regarding at least one of A or B, or a recitation that an item is configured to perform a function A or a function B, means that the item may be configured to perform the function regarding A, or may be configured to perform the function regarding B, or may be configured to perform the function regarding A and B. For example, a phrase of “a processor configured to measure at least one of A or B” or “a processor configured to measure A or measure B” means that the processor may be configured to measure A (and may or may not be configured to measure B) , or may be configured to measure B (and may or may not be configured to measure A) , or may be configured to measure A and measure B (and may be configured to select which, or both, of A and B to measure) . Similarly, a recitation of a means for measuring at least one of A or B includes means for measuring A (which may or may not be able to measure B) , or means for measuring B (and may or may not be configured to measure A) , or means for measuring A and B (which may be able to select which, or both, of A and B to measure) . As another example, a recitation that an item, e.g., a processor, is configured to at least one of perform function X or perform function Y means that the item may be configured to perform the function X, or may be configured to perform the function Y, or may be configured to perform the function X and to perform the function Y. For example, a phrase of “a processor configured to at least one of measure X or measure Y” means that the processor may be configured to measure X (and may or may not be configured to measure Y) , or may be configured to measure Y (and may or may not be configured to measure X) , or may be configured to measure X and to measure Y (and may be configured to select which, or both, of X and Y to measure) .
[0196] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, a statement that a function or operation is “based on” an item or condition means that the function or operation is based on the stated item or condition and may be based on one or more items and / or conditions in addition to the stated item or condition.
[0197] Substantial variations may be made in accordance with specific requirements. For example, customized hardware might also be used, and / or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets, etc. ) executed by a processor, or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input / output devices may be employed. Components, functional or otherwise, shown in the figures and / or discussed herein as being connected or communicating with each other are communicatively coupled unless otherwise noted. That is, they may be directly or indirectly connected to enable communication between them.
[0198] The systems and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Also, technology evolves and, thus, many of the elements are examples and do not limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.
[0199] A wireless communication system is one in which communications are conveyed wirelessly, i.e., by electromagnetic and / or acoustic waves propagating through atmospheric space rather than through a wire or other physical connection, between wireless communication devices. A wireless communication system (also called a wireless communications system, a wireless communication network, or a wireless communications network) may not have all communications transmitted wirelessly, but is configured to have at least some communications transmitted wirelessly. Further, the term “wireless communication device, ” or similar term, does not require that the functionality of the device is exclusively, or even primarily, for communication, or that communication using the wireless communication device is exclusively, or even primarily, wireless, or that the device be a mobile device, but indicates that the device includes wireless communication capability (one-way or two-way) , e.g., includes at least one radio (each radio being part of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver) for wireless communication.
[0200] Specific details are given in the description herein to provide a thorough understanding of example configurations (including implementations) . However, configurations may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the configurations. The description herein provides example configurations, and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configurations of the claims. Rather, the preceding description of the configurations provides a description for implementing described techniques. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements.
[0201] The terms “processor-readable medium, ” “machine-readable medium, ” and “computer-readable medium, ” as used herein, refer to any medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operate in a specific fashion. Using a computing platform, various processor-readable media might be involved in providing instructions / code to processor (s) for execution and / or might be used to store and / or carry such instructions / code (e.g., as signals) . In many implementations, a processor-readable medium is a physical and / or tangible storage medium. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media and volatile media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical and / or magnetic disks. Volatile media include, without limitation, dynamic memory.
[0202] Having described several example configurations, various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used. For example, the above elements may be components of a larger system, wherein other rules may take precedence over or otherwise modify the application of the disclosure. Also, a number of operations may be undertaken before, during, or after the above elements are considered. Accordingly, the above description does not bound the scope of the claims.
[0203] Unless otherwise indicated, “about” and / or “approximately” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, encompasses variations of ±20%or ±10%, ±5%, or ±0.1%from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein. Unless otherwise indicated, “substantially” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, a physical attribute (such as frequency) , and the like, also encompasses variations of ±20%or ±10%, ±5%, or ±0.1%from the specified value, as appropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein.
[0204] A statement that a value exceeds (or is more than or above) a first threshold value is equivalent to a statement that the value meets or exceeds a second threshold value that is slightly greater than the first threshold value, e.g., the second threshold value being one value higher than the first threshold value in the resolution of a computing system. A statement that a value is less than (or is within or below) a first threshold value is equivalent to a statement that the value is less than or equal to a second threshold value that is slightly lower than the first threshold value, e.g., the second threshold value being one value lower than the first threshold value in the resolution of a computing system.
Claims
1.A method for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the method comprising:receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity;updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; andstoring the updated HD map in the storage memory.2.The method of claim 1, whereinstoring the set of updated HD map tiles further includes storing the set of updated HD map tiles based on storage information received from the network entity with the set of HD map tiles, andthe storage information is selected from a group consisting ofinformation on how long to store the set of updated HD map tiles,information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of updated HD map tiles, anda storage priority for storing each updated HD map tile of the set of updated HD map tiles.3.The method of claim 2, further includingtransmitting a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver, for the set of updated HD map tiles from the network entity,wherein the request includes map information corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting ofHD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles,a time when the set of updated HD map tiles was transmitted to the mobile device,road segment identifications,zone identifications,a route routine for the mobile device,frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, andan available storage size on an at least one memory of the mobile device for storing the updated HD map.5.The method of claim 1, further includingtransmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a response signal to the network entity, wherein the response signal corresponds to the set of updated HD map tiles.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.7.The method of claim 6, wherein receiving the set of HD map tiles includes receiving the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.9.The method of claim 1, further including receiving, via the at least one transceiver, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.10.The method of claim 1, further includingtransmitting a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver using a sidelink channel, for a new set of updated HD map tiles from another network entity,wherein the request includes map information corresponding to the updated HD map.11.A method for selectively transmitting a high-definition (HD) map from a network entity to a mobile device, the method comprising:receiving, at the network entity, a request from the mobile device for a set of HD map tiles, wherein the request includes map information corresponding a previously stored HD map having a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles;determining, at the network entity, the set of HD map tiles from the map information; andtransmitting, from the network entity, the set of HD map tiles to the mobile device.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting ofHD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles,a time when the set of HD map tiles was received at the mobile device,road segment identifications,zone identifications,a route routine for the mobile device,frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, andan available storage size on the mobile device for storing the HD map.13.The method of claim 11, further includingreceiving, at the network entity, a response signal from the mobile device,wherein the response signal corresponds to the set of HD map tiles transmitted to the mobile device.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.15.The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the set of HD map tiles includes transmitting the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code to the mobile device.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.17.The method of claim 11, further including transmitting, from the network entity, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, wherein the previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.18.The method of claim 11, whereintransmitting the set of HD map tiles includes transmitting storage information for the set of HD map tiles, andthe storage information is selected from a group consisting ofinformation on how long to store the set of HD map tiles on the mobile device,information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of HD map tiles, anda storage priority for storing each HD map tile of the set of HD map tiles.19.An apparatus for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one memory; andat least one processor, in signal communication with the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory, the at least one processor configured to:receive, via the at least one transceiver from the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity;update a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; andstore the updated HD map in the storage memory.20.The apparatus of claim 19, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to store the set of updated HD map tiles based on storage information received from the network entity with the set of HD map tiles, andthe storage information is selected from a group consisting ofinformation on how long to store the set of updated HD map tiles,information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of updated HD map tiles, anda storage priority for storing each updated HD map tile of the set of updated HD map tiles.21.The apparatus of claim 20, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver, the set of HD map tiles from the network entity, andthe request includes map information corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles.22.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the map information is selected from a group consisting ofHD map tile indexes corresponding to the plurality of previously stored HD map tiles,a time when the set of updated HD map tiles was transmitted to the mobile device,road segment identifications,zone identifications,a route routine for the mobile device,frequently visited destinations of the mobile device, andan available storage size on an at least one memory of the mobile device for storing the updated HD map.23.The apparatus of claim 19, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a response signal to the network entity, andthe response signal corresponds to the set of updated HD map tiles.24.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the response signal includes an acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, received by the mobile device.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive the set of HD map tiles encoded with an outer-code.26.The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the response signal further includes a negative acknowledgment for each HD map tile, of the set of HD map tiles, not received by the mobile device.27.The apparatus of claim 19, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, the previously stored HD map from the network entity, andthe previously stored HD map is an initial HD map.28.The apparatus of claim 19, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to transmit a request, from the mobile device via the at least one transceiver using a sidelink channel, for a new set of HD map tiles from another network entity, andthe request includes map information corresponding to the updated HD map.29.An apparatus for selectively downloading a high-definition (HD) map to a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:means for receiving, via at least one transceiver of the mobile device, a set of HD map tiles from a network entity;means for updating a previously stored HD map with the set of HD map tiles to create an updated HD map having a set of updated HD map tiles, wherein the previously stored HD map includes a plurality of previously stored HD map tiles stored in a storage memory of the mobile device; andmeans for storing the updated HD map in the storage memory.30.The apparatus of claim 29, whereinmeans for storing the set of updated HD map tiles further includes storing the set of updated HD map tiles based on storage information received from the network entity with the set of HD map tiles, andthe storage information is selected from a group consisting ofinformation on how long to store the set of updated HD map tiles,information on how far along a distance along a route, traveled by the mobile device, to store the set of updated HD map tiles, anda storage priority for storing each updated HD map tile of the set of updated HD map tiles.
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