Maganese oxide based catalyst and catalyst device for removal of formaldehyde and ozone
The development of a manganese oxide-based catalyst composition with a tailored pore distribution and sodium content enhances the removal of formaldehyde and ozone from air supplies, achieving superior pollutant conversion rates compared to existing technologies.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/140648
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-19
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing manganese oxide-based catalysts are not effective enough in removing formaldehyde and ozone from air supplies, necessitating the development of a more efficient catalytic composition.
A catalyst composition comprising porous manganese oxide with a specific pore distribution, where pores with diameters between 0 and 6.0 nm account for at least 75% of the total pores, combined with controlled sodium content, enhances the catalytic performance for pollutant removal.
The improved catalyst composition achieves higher pollutant conversion rates for formaldehyde and ozone, effectively addressing the inefficiencies of previous manganese oxide-based catalysts.
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Figure CN2024140648_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MAGANESE OXIDE BASED CATALYST AND CATALYST DEVICE FOR REMOVAL OF FORMALDEHYDE AND OZONEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a manganese oxide based catalyst composition for air purification, more particularly a manganese oxide based catalyst composition for removing formaldehyde, other VOCs, ozone, or any two or more of them from air supplies. The present invention also relates to catalyst devices comprising the manganese oxide based catalyst composition as well as methods for air purification, particularly for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies using the same.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Atmospheric pollution is a concern of increasing importance as the levels of various atmospheric pollutants continue to increase. A primary indoor pollutant of concern is formaldehyde (HCOH) , one of the best known volatile organic compounds (VOCs) , which is emitted from widely used building and decorative materials. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde is considered to be carcinogenic. According to a report on the sampling investigation of indoor quality in nine cities in China, published on March, 2016 by the Indoor Environment and the Health Branch of China Environmental Science Institute and the Center for Building Environment Test of Tsinghua University, 46.2%of the families as inspected were found living in an indoor environment with a formaldehyde concentration of at least 18%higher than the national limit of 0.1 mg / m3. In some cities, the indoor formaldehyde concentration is even 80 %higher than the national standard.
[0003] Manganese oxide is known active for catalytic removal of air pollutants such as formaldehyde, ozone, and the like, and has been proposed as an active species in removal of those pollutants from air supplies. For example, WO2018005052A1 describes a catalyst composition for removing formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds and other pollutants from an air flow stream, which comprises manganese oxide, and one or more of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, zinc or iron.
[0004] In view of the fact that manganese oxide is relatively abundant and inexpensive, and as the same time has a good catalytic activity, there continues to be a need for catalytic compositions comprising manganese oxide that can more effectively remove formaldehyde, other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) , ozone, or any two or more of them from air supplies.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst composition for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, other pollutants such as ozone, or both from air supplies, which has an improved catalytic performance, particularly a higher pollutant conversion. Further objects of the present invention are to provide devices and methods for air purification with improved efficiency.
[0006] It has been surprisingly found that the objects of the present invention were achieved by a catalyst composition comprising manganese oxide with particular pore distribution, particularly in combination of a sodium content.
[0007] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an air-purifying catalyst composition comprising porous manganese oxide, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an air-purifying article, which comprises the air-purifying catalyst composition as described herein.
[0009] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing an air-purifying article comprising the air-purifying catalyst composition as described herein, which includes using a starting material comprising a powder of porous manganese oxide characterized by a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0010] In preferable embodiments of the process according to the third aspect, the starting material comprises less than 0.1%of sodium-containing material, calculated as sodium hydroxide based on the weight of the powder of porous manganese oxide.
[0011] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an air-purifying device, which comprises a housing or a frame in which an air-purifying article comprising the air-purifying catalyst composition as described herein is disposed.
[0012] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for purifying an air flow by contacting the air flow with an air-purifying article comprising the air-purifying catalyst composition as described herein or passing the air flow through the air-purifying device as described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1 shows pore distribution of different MnOx powders having a sodium content of 630 ppm used in the test samples according to Examples as summarized in Table 1.
[0014] Figure 2 shows pore distribution of different MnOx powders having a sodium content of 880 ppm used in the test samples according to Examples as summarized in Table 2.
[0015] Figure 3 shows pore distribution of different MnOx powders varying in sodium contents used in the test samples according to Examples as summarized in Table 3.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms “comprise” , “comprising” , etc. are used interchangeably with “contain” , “containing” , etc. and are to be interpreted in a non-limiting, open manner. That is, e.g., further components or elements may be present. The expressions “consist of” or cognates may be embraced within “comprise” or cognates.
[0017] The air-purifying catalyst composition, air-purifying device, and methods for purifying an air stream according to the present invention may all be configured to remove from an unpurified air supply one or more of VOCs such as formaldehyde, and / or ozone.
[0018] Herein, the term “manganese oxide” is intended to encompass oxides of manganese in any possible oxidation state, such as MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO2, MnO3, Mn2O7, or any combinations thereof.
[0019] Herein, the terms “stream” or “flow” broadly refer to any flowing gas that may contain solids (e.g., particulates) , liquids (e.g., vapor) , and / or gaseous mixtures.
[0020] Herein, the term “VOCs” is used in its broadest sense and may refer any organic compounds having a high vapor pressure at room temperature. Common VOCs include, but are not limited to, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, propane, hexane, cyclohexane, limonene, pinene, hexaldehyde, ethyl acetate, butanol, and the like.
[0021] Herein, the air flow or stream to be purified refers to any stream that comprises one or more pollutants at a concentration or content at or above a level that is perceived as nuisance or is considered to have adverse effects on human health (including short-term and / or long-term effects) . For example, an air flow or stream that comprises formaldehyde at a concentration greater than 0.5 part formaldehyde per million parts of air stream calculated as an eight-hour time weighted average concentration pursuant to “action level” standards set forth by the Occupational Safety &Health Administration may be considered as an air flow or stream to be purified. Alternatively, an air flow or stream that comprises formaldehyde at a concentration greater than 0.08 part formaldehyde per million parts of air stream calculated as an eight-hour time weighted average concentration pursuant to national standards in China may be considered as an air flow or stream to be purified. The air flow or stream to be purified may include, for example formaldehyde, other VOCs, ozone, carbon monoxide (CO) , methyl bromide, water, amines, nitrogen oxides or any two or more of them.
[0022] According to the first aspect of the present invention, an air-purifying catalyst composition comprising porous manganese oxide is provided, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0023] Preferably, the porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may have a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 80%by volume or even at least 85%by volume of total pores.
[0024] More preferably, the porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may have a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.5 to 6.0 nm account for at least 70%by volume, at least 75%by volume or even at least 85%by volume of total pores.
[0025] Herein, the pore distribution is determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, unless otherwise specified.
[0026] Suitably, the porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may have an average pore volume in the range of from 0.15 mL / g to 0.4 mL / g, preferably from 0.20 mL / g to 0.35 mL / g, as measured in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0027] The porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may have a BET surface area in the range of from 150 m2 / g to 350 m2 / g, from 200 m2 / g to 300 m2 / g, or from 250 m2 / g to 300 m2 / g, as determined by nitrogen adsorption.
[0028] The air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may have a BET surface area in the range of from 100 m2 / g to 200 m2 / g, as determined by nitrogen adsorption.
[0029] The porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may be in any forms without any particular restriction, such as crystalline, partially crystalline or amorphous form. For example, the porous manganese oxide may include cryptomelane, birnessite, vernadite, manganese oxide polymorph I, pyrolusite, nsutite, poorly crystalized cryptomelane, amorphous manganese oxide, polymorphs thereof, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the porous manganese oxide is selected from amorphous manganese oxide.
[0030] In some embodiments, the porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention has a sodium content of 1, 000 ppm or less, preferably 900 ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less, based on the weight of the porous manganese oxide.
[0031] The air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention is based on the porous manganese oxide, which however may further comprise other conventional components such as binder, sorbent, and the like.
[0032] The porous manganese oxide in the air-purifying catalyst composition may be present in an amount ranging from 40 wt%to 100 wt%, from 45 wt%to 90 wt%, or from 60 wt%to 85 wt%, based on total weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0033] In some embodiments, the air-purifying catalyst composition may further comprise a binder. For example, the binder may comprise an inorganic binder such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, ceria, aluminum phyllosilicate clay such as bentonite, a polymeric binder such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyolefin copolymers, polybutadiene copolymers, chlorinated rubber, nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, ethylene-propylene-diene elastomers, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, poly (vinyl esters) , poly (vinyl halides) , polyamides, cellulosic polymers, polyimides, acrylics, vinyl acrylics, styrene acrylics, polyvinyl alcohols, thermoplastic polyesters, thermosetting polyesters, poly (phenylene oxide) , poly (phenylene sulfide) , fluorinated polymers such as poly (tetrafluoroethylene) , polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (vinlyfluoride) and chloro / fluoro copolymers such as ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, polyamide, phenolic resins, polyurethane, acrylic / styrene acrylic copolymer latex and silicone polymers, or any combinations thereof.
[0034] The binder, if any, may be present in the air-purifying catalyst composition in an amount of 60 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, or 40 wt%or less, particularly 2 wt%to 20 wt%, based on total weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0035] In some embodiments, the air-purifying catalyst composition may further comprise a sorbent such as carbon, impregnated (treated) carbon, preferably activated carbon, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in a form of a powder, pellets, extrudates, granulates or a free-standing film, preferably MOF particles, zeolites in a form of particles, pellets, extrudates, granulates, a powder, or a free-standing film, preferably zeolite particles, or any combinations thereof.
[0036] The sorbent, if any, may be present in the air-purifying catalyst composition in an amount of 60 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, or 40 wt%or less, based on total weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0037] In some embodiments, the air-purifying catalyst composition may further comprise one or more inorganic metal oxides other than manganese oxide as a promoter. The one or more inorganic metal oxides may be selected from oxides of cerium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, iron, lanthanum, praseodymium, samarium or any combinations thereof.
[0038] The inorganic oxide as a promoter, if any, may be present in the air-purifying catalyst composition in an amount of 60 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, or 40 wt%or less, based on total weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0039] In some embodiments, the air-purifying catalyst composition may further comprise one or more oxides of alkali metal other than sodium (e.g., potassium) , alkaline earth metal, zinc, and iron, for example in form of oxide. The one or more of alkali metal other than sodium, alkaline earth metal, zinc, and iron may be present in the air-purifying catalyst composition in an amount of 15 wt%or less, 10 wt%or less, or 5 wt%or less, based on the total weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0040] The air-purifying catalyst composition preferably comprises sodium in an amount of less than 750 ppm, preferably no more than 600 ppm, more preferably no more than 500 ppm, based on the weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0041] The air-purifying catalyst composition may be used for air purification in any possible application forms, for example shaped bodies, coatings, self-standing films, or sheets.
[0042] Accordingly, in the second aspect, the present invention provides an air-purifying article, which comprises the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention. The air-purifying article is for example in form of shaped bodies, coated structures, self-standing films, or sheets.
[0043] In some embodiments, the air-purifying article may be in the form of shaped bodies, for example extrudates such as extruded particles or extruded monolith. Particularly, the air-purifying article may be in the form of extruded particles which may be of various shapes, such as, pellets, beads, extrudates, rings, spheres, cylinders, trilobe, and quadralobe shaped pieces. The extruded particles may vary in size, for example, having a mean diameter ranging from 1 millimeter to 15 millimeters. The air-purifying article in this form may comprise the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention, and optionally other conventional functional components or processing adjuvants.
[0044] In some embodiments, the air-purifying article may be in form of coated structures. The coated structures comprise the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention as a coating on a substrate.
[0045] The term “substrate” as used herein refers to a solid body, on or in which a functional material (e.g., a catalyst composition) is carried. Generally, the substrate has one, two or a plurality of surfaces or walls to which the catalyst composition is coated. For example, the catalyst composition may be carried by the substrate in form of a washcoat containing catalytic particles. A washcoat is formed for example by preparing a slurry having a certain solid content (e.g., 30 wt%to 50 wt%) of catalytic particles, and then coating the slurry onto a substrate and drying. The surfaces or walls of the substrate may be porous and the washcoat may be deposited outside and / or inside the pores. Suitable substrates include for example polymer substrates, ceramic substrates, metallic substrates, foam substrates or paper substrates.
[0046] The substrate may be, for example, a nonwoven filter, a paper filter, a ceramic filter, or a fibrous filter. The substrate may also be a metallic foam substrate, a ceramic foam substrate, or a polymeric foam substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate may be a metallic monolithic substrate, a ceramic monolithic substrate, a paper monolithic substrate, a polymer monolithic substrate, or a ceramic fiber monolithic substrate. In some particular embodiments, the substrate may be an HVAC duct, an air filter, or a louver surface. In some further embodiments, the substrate may be a portable air filter, or a filter disposed in a vehicle selected from the group consisting of motor vehicles, railed vehicle, watercrafts, aircrafts, and space crafts.
[0047] The loading of the air-purifying catalyst composition on the substrate may range from 0.5 g / in3 to 4 g / in3. For example, the air-purifying catalyst composition may be coated onto a substrate and form a single layer or a plurality of layers of catalytic material on the substrate. If a plurality of layers of catalytic material are coated on the substrate, the layers may vary in their compositions or alternatively all catalyst layers may have the same composition.
[0048] In some embodiments, the air-purifying article is in form of self-standing films or sheets. The air-purifying article in this form may comprise the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention and a polymeric material useful for forming a film or sheet. For example, the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may be incorporated into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet (e.g., fibrillated PTFE sheet) to provide the air-purifying article. Such air-purifying articles may be used as cross-flow filters. As known in the art, prior to incorporation into a PTFE sheet, the air-purifying catalyst composition according to the present invention may be processed into a three-dimensional structure characterized by low pressure drop (due to defined flow channels) , high accessibility of active sites (due to the use of a porous fibrillating binder) , and high volumetric capacity (due to low binder content and a lack of inert support structure.
[0049] The air-purifying catalyst composition and the air-purifying article according to the present invention are particularly effective for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) , which have improved catalytic performance, particularly a higher pollutant conversion. It has been surprisingly found by the inventors that the improvement of catalytic performance may be attributed to the pore diameter distribution of the manganese oxide used for preparing the air-purifying catalyst composition. The improvement of catalytic performance may also be attributed to the sodium content of the manganese oxide used for preparing the air-purifying catalyst composition, and even to the sodium content of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0050] Accordingly, in the third aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing an air-purifying article as described herein, which includes using a starting material comprising a powder of porous manganese oxide characterized by a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0051] Preferably, the powder of porous manganese oxide used in the process for producing the air-purifying article may have a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 80%by volume or even at least 85%by volume of total pores.
[0052] More preferably, the powder of porous manganese oxide used in the process for producing the air-purifying article may have a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.5 to 6.0 nm account for at least 70%, at least 75%or even at least 85%by volume of total pores.
[0053] In some embodiments, the powder of porous manganese oxide used in the process for producing the air-purifying article preferably has a sodium content of 1, 000 ppm or less, preferably 900ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less, based on the weight of the porous manganese oxide.
[0054] Suitably, the powder of porous manganese oxide used in the process for producing the air-purifying article may have an average pore volume in the range of from 0.15 mL / g to 0.4 mL / g, preferably from 0.20 mL / g to 0.35 mL / g, as measured in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0055] The powder of porous manganese oxide used in the process for producing the air-purifying article may have a BET surface area in the range of from 150 m2 / g to 350 m2 / g, from 200 m2 / g to 300 m2 / g, or from 250 m2 / g to 300 m2 / g, as determined by nitrogen adsorption.
[0056] The powder of porous manganese oxide used in the process for producing the air-purifying article may be in any forms without any particular restriction, such as crystalline, partially crystalline or amorphous form. For example, the porous manganese oxide may include cryptomelane, birnessite, vernadite, manganese oxide polymorph I, pyrolusite, nsutite, poorly crystalized cryptomelane, amorphous manganese oxide, polymorphs thereof, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the porous manganese oxide is selected from amorphous manganese oxide.
[0057] In preferable embodiments of the process according to the present invention, the starting material comprises less than 0.1%, preferably no more than 0.05%, preferably no more than 0.02%, more preferably no more than 0.01%of sodium-containing material, calculated as sodium hydroxide based on the weight of the powder of porous manganese oxide.
[0058] Herein, the term “sodium-containing material” refers to a material comprising sodium of any valence as a constituting element of the material. For example, the sodium-containing material is a sodium-containing compound such as oxide, hydroxide, salt, complex and composite of sodium and optionally at least one other metal or semi-metal. Materials containing sodium of any valence in an impurity amount are not encompassed by the term “sodium-containing material” .
[0059] In the process for producing the air-purifying article, other conventional components such as a binder, a sorbent, a pH adjusting agent, a thickener, a dispersant, a solvent, a processing adjuvant may also be used as components of the starting material.
[0060] The starting material may be processed into the air-purifying article according to conventional operations, as described in for example WO2018005052A1. The operations for processing the catalyst composition into various forms may be adopted to provide the air-purifying article according to the present invention, as long as the starting material is adapted to the composition as described hereinabove.
[0061] The air-purifying article may be disposed in a housing or frame to form a catalyst device which is suitable for service in practice.
[0062] Accordingly, in the fourth aspect, the present invention provides an air-purifying device, which comprises a housing or a frame in which an air-purifying article comprising the air-purifying catalyst composition as described herein is disposed. The air-purifying device may have any known configurations and structures.
[0063] In some embodiments, the air-purifying device may be incorporated into a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In some embodiments, the catalyst device may be a portable air purifier or an ionic air purifier. In some other embodiments, the catalyst device may be incorporated into a vehicle such as motor vehicles, railed vehicles, watercraft, aircraft, and spacecraft. For example, the catalyst device may be incorporated into a cabin of an automobile or an airplane.
[0064] The air-purifying article or device according to the present invention may remove gas phase contaminants from air streams in air purifiers which use various purification technologies, such as filtration, ionization, washing and the like. For example, in ionic air purifiers, where gaseous contaminants are removed by ionization (plasma) , the air-purifying device may be used to remove ozone, or other pollutants generated within the air cleaner, as well as pollutants present in the air outside the device.
[0065] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for purifying an air flow by contacting the air flow with an air-purifying article comprising the air-purifying catalyst composition as described herein or passing the air flow through the air-purifying device as described herein.
[0066] The content of volatile organic compounds in the air stream to be purified may range from 1 ppb to 0.5 vol%. Particularly, the formaldehyde content in the air stream to be purified may range from 1 ppb to 50 ppm by volume. The ozone content in the stream to be purified may range from 1 ppb to 2 ppm by volume. The content of contaminants in the air stream to be purified may also be referred herein as initial contaminant content, for example, initial volatile organic compound content, initial formaldehyde content, initial ozone content.
[0067] With applying the air-purifying device or the method for purifying an air flow according to the present invention, the final formaldehyde content of the purified air stream may be 50%or less, 40%or less, or 30%or less of the initial formaldehyde content in the air stream to be purified. The final ozone content of the purified air stream may be 50%or less, 40%or less, or 30%or less of the initial ozone content in the air stream to be purified.
[0068] It has been surprisingly found by the inventors that the improvement of performance of removing VOCs (e.g., formaldehyde) and ozone may be attributed to one or more of following characteristics:
[0069] - the pore diameter distribution of the manganese oxide as used for preparing the air-purifying catalyst composition and thus comprised in the air-purifying catalyst composition;
[0070] - the sodium content of the manganese oxide used for preparing the air-purifying catalyst composition; and
[0071] - the sodium content of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0072] EMBODIMENTS
[0073] Various embodiments are listed below. It will be understood that the embodiments listed below may be combined with all aspects and other embodiments in accordance with the scope of the invention.
[0074] 1. An air-purifying catalyst composition comprising porous manganese oxide, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0075] 2. The air-purifying catalyst composition according to Embodiment 1, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 80%by volume of total pores.
[0076] 3. The air-purifying catalyst composition according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.5 to 6.0 nm account for at least 70%by volume, or at least 75%by volume of total pores.
[0077] 4. The air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the porous manganese oxide has an average pore volume in the range of from 0.15 mL / g to 0.4 mL / g, preferably from 0.20 mL / g to 0.35 mL / g, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0078] 5. The air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a sodium content of 1, 000 ppm or less, preferably 900 ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less based on the weight of the porous manganese oxide.
[0079] 6. The air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the air-purifying catalyst composition has a sodium content of less than 750 ppm, preferably no more than 600 ppm, more preferably no more than 500 ppm, based on the weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.
[0080] 7. An air-purifying article, which comprises the air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 6.
[0081] 8. The air-purifying article according to Embodiment 7, which is in form of shaped bodies, coated structures, self-standing films, or sheets.
[0082] 9. A process for producing an air-purifying article according to Embodiment 7 or 8, which includes using a starting material comprising a powder of porous manganese oxide characterized by a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0083] 10. The process according to Embodiment 9, wherein the starting material comprises less than 0.1%, preferably no more than 0.05%, preferably no more than 0.02%, more preferably no more than 0.01%of sodium-containing material, calculated as sodium hydroxide based on the weight of the powder of porous manganese oxide.
[0084] 11. The process according to Embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 80%by volume of total pores.
[0085] 12. The process according to any of Embodiments 9 to 11, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.5 to 6.0 nm account for at least 70%by volume, or at least 75%by volume of total pores.
[0086] 13. The process according to any of Embodiments 9 to 12, wherein the porous manganese oxide has an average pore volume in the range of from 0.15 mL / g to 0.4 mL / g, preferably from 0.20 mL / g to 0.35 mL / g, as measured in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
[0087] 14. The process according to any of Embodiments 9 to 13, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a sodium content of 1, 000 ppm or less, preferably 900 ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less, based on the weight of the porous manganese oxide.
[0088] 15. An air-purifying device, which comprises a housing or a frame in which an air-purifying article according to Embodiment 7 or 8 or an air-purifying article obtained from the process according any of Embodiments 9 to 14 is disposed.
[0089] 16. A method for purifying an air flow, which includes contacting the air flow with an air-purifying article according to Embodiment 7 or 8 or an air-purifying article obtained from the process according any of Embodiments 9 to 14, or passing the air flow through the air-purifying device according to Embodiment 15.
[0090] 17. Use of the powder of porous manganese oxide as defined in any of Embodiments 9 and 11 to 14 in air-purifying catalyst compositions, especially for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies.
[0091] 18. Use of the powder of porous manganese oxide as defined in any of Embodiments 9 and 11 to 14 in preparation of air-purifying articles, especially air-purifying articles for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies.
[0092] 19. Use of the air-purifying catalyst composition as defined in any of Embodiments 1 to 6 or use of the air-purifying article according to Embodiment 7 or 8 for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies.
[0093] EXAMPLES
[0094] Aspects of the present invention are more fully illustrated by the following Examples, which are set forth to illustrate certain aspects of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
[0095] I. Formaldehyde Removal Evaluation of Manganese Oxide (MnOx)
[0096] The formaldehyde removal was characterized by formaldehyde conversion, which was measured in accordance with the one-pass test as described within the context of schematic diagram shown in Figure 4 in WO2018005052A1, by directing an air flow stream (1m / slinear velocity) having about 1 mg / m3 initial formaldehyde concentration, 50%relative humidity at 30 ℃ over the test sample. The test samples were prepared in accordance with following procedure.
[0097] 1.0 g of dispersant (ammonium salt of an acrylic polymer) was dissolved in 315 of water. While mixing 319.4 g MnOx powder was added to the stirred solution followed by 27.45 g of potassium hydroxide. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 9 with ammonium hydroxide prior to adding 33.1 g of PTFE binder (60 wt %dispersion in water) . Then 32.6 g of carbohydrate based thickener was added to the slurry with vigorous mixing. This slurry was used to coat foam substrate (60 PPI, 25 x 25 x 8 mm) with 1.5 g / in3 catalyst. The coated substrates were dried at 90 ℃ for several hours to provide catalytic articles.
[0098] 1.1 Testing formaldehyde removal with MnOx having different pore diameter distributions
[0099] The pore distribution of MnOx powders having a sodium content of 630 ppm used in each test sample as summarized in Table 1 were determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, and are also illustrated in Figure 1.
[0100] Table 1
[0101] 1) Volume proportion of pores having a diameter in the range of 6 nm or less, based on total pores
[0102] 2) Volume proportion of pores having a diameter in the range of 2.5 nm to 6 nm, based on total pores
[0103] 3) As measured for the solid obtained by drying the slurry for preparing the test samples
[0104] Another set of MnOx powders having a sodium content of 880 ppm and having a pore distribution as shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 were tested in accordance with the same method.
[0105] Table 2
[0106] 1) Volume proportion of pores having a diameter in the range of 6 nm or less, based on total pores
[0107] 2) Volume proportion of pores having a diameter in the range of 2.5 nm to 6 nm, based on total pores
[0108] 3) As measured for the solid obtained by drying the slurry for preparing the test samples
[0109] It can be seen that the samples S1, S2 and S5 prepared from powders of MnOx having the pore distribution as required by the present invention exhibit formaldehyde conversions higher than 55%, which is effective for formaldehyde removal. However, the samples S3, S4, S6 and S7 prepared from powders of MnOx having the pore distribution not according to the present invention are not qualified for effective removal of formaldehyde removal.
[0110] 1.2 Testing formaldehyde removal with MnOx having different sodium contents
[0111] Powders of MnOx having a pore distribution as shown in Table 3 and Figure 3 were used for the testing.
[0112] Table 3
[0113] 1) Volume proportion of pores having a diameter in the range of 6 nm or less, based on total pores
[0114] 2) Volume proportion of pores having a diameter in the range of 2.5 nm to 6 nm, based on total pores
[0115] 3) As measured for the solid obtained by drying the slurry for preparing the test samples
[0116] It can be seen that a lower Na Content of MnOx allows for a higher formaldehyde conversion.
[0117] II. Testing formaldehyde removal with catalytic articles prepared with different usages of sodium hydroxide
[0118] The MnOx powder same as in the sample No. S9 was used to prepare a catalytic article in accordance with following general procedure.
[0119] 1.0 g of dispersant (ammonium salt of an acrylic polymer) was dissolved in 315 of water. While mixing 319.4 g MnOx powder was added to the stirred solution followed by 27.45 g of potassium hydroxide. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 9 with ammonium hydroxide prior to adding 33.1 g of PTFE binder (60%wt dispersion in water) . Then 32.6 g of carbohydrate based thickener was added to the slurry with vigorous mixing. Then, to the slurry as obtained, a certain amount of sodium hydroxide as shown in Table 4 was added. This slurry was used to coat foam substrate (60 PPI, 25 x 25 x 8 mm) with a loading of 1.5 g / in3 catalyst. The coated substrates were dried at 90 ℃ for several hours to provide catalytic articles.
[0120] The formaldehyde conversion was measured in accordance with the one-pass test as described within the context of schematic diagram shown in Figure 4 in WO2018005052A1, by directing an air flow stream (1m / slinear velocity) having about 1 mg / m3 initial formaldehyde concentration, 50%relative humidity at 30 ℃ over the catalytic article. The test results were summarized in Table 4.
[0121] Table 4
[0122] *The percentages of NaOH are by weight and relative to the amount of MnOx powder
[0123] **The content of Na is calculated as elemental Na, based on the weight of the formulation of the catalyst composition coating, with the substrate being not included.
[0124] III. Testing ozone removal with catalytic articles
[0125] Samples No. S5 and No. S9 and activated carbon having a BET surface area of 1500 m2 / g were fitted in the tube of a plug flow reactor and operated with a feed gas containing 10 ppm ozone in air at 70%relative humidity and a gas temperature of 25 ℃. The ozone concentration was measured with an Ozone detector (2B technology 106-L) and set to achieve face velocity of 1m / s.
[0126] It was found that the ozone conversion as measured for the catalytic articles according to the present invention are about 88%, which is higher than the ozone conversion as measured for the activated carbon (about 70%) .
[0127] Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the method and apparatus of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention include modifications and variations that are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1.An air-purifying catalyst composition comprising porous manganese oxide, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.2.The air-purifying catalyst composition according to claim 1, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 80%by volume of total pores.3.The air-purifying catalyst composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.5 to 6.0 nm account for at least 70%by volume, or at least 75%by volume of total pores.4.The air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porous manganese oxide has an average pore volume in the range of from 0.15 mL / g to 0.4 mL / g, preferably from 0.20 mL / g to 0.35 mL / g, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.5.The air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a sodium content of 1,000 ppm or less, preferably 900 ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less, based on the weight of the porous manganese oxide.6.The air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the air-purifying catalyst composition has a sodium content of less than 750 ppm, preferably no more than 600 ppm, more preferably no more than 500 ppm, based on the weight of the air-purifying catalyst composition.7.An air-purifying article, which comprises the air-purifying catalyst composition according to any of claims 1 to 6.8.The air-purifying article according to claim 7, which is in form of shaped bodies, coated structures, self-standing films, or sheets.9.A process for producing an air-purifying article according to claim 7 or 8, which includes using a starting material comprising a powder of porous manganese oxide characterized by a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 75%by volume of total pores, as determined in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.10.The process according to claim 9, wherein the starting material comprises less than 0.1%, preferably no more than 0.05%, preferably no more than 0.02%, more preferably no more than 0.01%of sodium-containing material, calculated as sodium hydroxide based on the weight of the powder of porous manganese oxide.11.The process according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 0 to 6.0 nm account for at least 80%by volume of total pores.12.The process according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a pore distribution such that pores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.5 to 6.0 nm account for at least 70%by volume, or at least 75%by volume of total pores.13.The process according to any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the porous manganese oxide has an average pore volume in the range of from 0.15 mL / g to 0.4 mL / g, preferably from 0.20 mL / g to 0.35 mL / g, as measured in accordance with the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.14.The process according to any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the porous manganese oxide has a sodium content of 1,000 ppm or less, preferably 900 ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less, based on the weight of the porous manganese oxide.15.An air-purifying device, which comprises a housing or a frame in which an air-purifying article according to claim 7 or 8 or an air-purifying article obtained from the process according any of claims 9 to 14 is disposed.16.A method for purifying an air flow, which includes contacting the air flow with an air-purifying article according to claim 7 or 8 or an air-purifying article obtained from the process according any of claims 9 to 14, or passing the air flow through the air-purifying device according to claim 15.17.Use of the powder of porous manganese oxide as defined in any of claims 9 and 11 to 14 in air-purifying catalyst compositions, especially for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies.18.Use of the powder of porous manganese oxide as defined in any of claims 9 and 11 to 14 in preparation of air-purifying articles, especially air-purifying articles for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies.19.Use of the air-purifying catalyst composition as defined in any of claims 1 to 6 or use of the air-purifying article according to claim 7 or 8 for removing formaldehyde, ozone or both from air supplies.
Citation Information
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