System monitoring of rechargeable-battery-operated machine tools

Abstract

18 Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the open- and / or closed-loop controlling of a rechargeable battery, in particular as an energy supply for a machine tool, wherein the rechargeable battery contains at least one real-time clock, at least one sensor, at least one transceiver, a storage apparatus and a control device. The method contains the following method steps - setting the rechargeable battery from an activation state to a deactivation state; - setting the rechargeable battery from the deactivation state to a checking state after a first time period, starting from when the rechargeable battery was set to the deactivation state, has elapsed, wherein the rechargeable battery is set for a second time period in the checking state; - detecting at least one first operating characteristic value by the at least one sensor when the rechargeable battery is set in the checking state; - comparing the first operating characteristic value with at least one stored threshold value; - setting the rechargeable battery from the checking state to a deactivation state when no detected characteristic value corresponds to at least one first threshold value; or - setting the rechargeable battery from a checking state into a blocked state when at least one detected operating characteristic value corresponds to at least one first threshold value. Fig. 120

Description

[0001] System monitoring of battery-operated machine tools

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for controlling and / or regulating an accumulator, in particular as a power supply for a machine tool, wherein the accumulator contains at least one real-time clock, at least one sensor, at least one transceiver, a storage device and a control device.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an accumulator, in particular as a power supply for a machine tool, for carrying out the method.

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system comprising at least one accumulator, in particular as an energy supply for a machine tool.

[0005] Rechargeable batteries, particularly those with energy storage cells based on lithium-ion technology, have long been known as energy supplies for machine tools. These rechargeable batteries typically have a variety of different sensors for monitoring the rechargeable battery and its behavior. Monitoring with the help of the sensors usually takes place while the rechargeable battery is in use as a power supply for a machine tool or during a charging process when the rechargeable battery is connected to a corresponding charging device (also called a charger). Furthermore, these sensors are often designed in such a way that they can only detect a situation that is already critical or irreversible (e.g., a so-called "thermal runaway"). Critical trends or creeping tendencies towards a potentially critical situation can often not be detected or can only be detected inadequately.This cannot prevent damage or total failure of a battery.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve the problem described above.

[0007] The object is achieved by the subject matter of independent patent claims 1, 7 and 8. Further advantageous embodiments of the subject matter according to the invention are contained in the corresponding dependent patent claims.

[0008] The object is achieved in particular by a method for controlling and / or regulating an accumulator, in particular as a power supply for a machine tool, wherein the accumulator contains at least one real-time clock, at least one sensor, at least one transceiver, a storage device and a control device.

[0009] According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps

[0010] - Setting the accumulator from an activation state to a deactivation state;

[0011] - setting the accumulator from the deactivation state to a verification state after a first period of time has elapsed since setting the accumulator to the deactivation state, wherein the accumulator is set in the verification state for a second period of time;

[0012] - detecting at least a first operating characteristic value by the at least one sensor when the accumulator is set in the check state;

[0013] - Comparison of the first operating characteristic value with at least one stored threshold value;

[0014] - setting the accumulator from the verification state to a deactivation state if no detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value; or

[0015] - setting the accumulator from a check state to a blocking state if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value.

[0016] According to an advantageous embodiment, it may be possible that the ratio of the first period of the accumulator in the deactivation state and the second period of the accumulator in the verification state is at least 1 / 1000.

[0017] According to a further advantageous embodiment, it may be possible for the first time period to be reduced if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a second threshold value, wherein the second threshold value is lower or higher than the first threshold value.

[0018] According to a further advantageous embodiment, it may be possible for the first time period to be reduced if, before the accumulator is set from the activation state to the deactivation state, at least one detected operating characteristic value corresponds to at least a second threshold value.

[0019] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the following method step may be possible:

[0020] - Adjusting at least one parameter of the accumulator from a first value to a second value by the accumulator control device if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least one first or second threshold value. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the following method step may be possible:

[0021] - Marking the recorded operating characteristic value with a time stamp by the real-time clock and storing the operating characteristic value marked with a time stamp in the storage device.

[0022] The real-time clock can also be called a real-time clock (RTC).

[0023] The recorded measured values ​​can be saved with a timestamp (i.e. actual time or real time). This makes it easy to trace the temporal progression of the measured values. With the help of the timestamp, the actual recording of operating values ​​can be precisely documented. With the otherwise usual relative time measurement (i.e. without a real-time clock), only time differences between the respective recording of operating values ​​can be documented. The timestamps set by the real-time clock on the recorded operating values, on the other hand, show exactly when the accumulator was in which operating state. In other words: when and for how long the accumulator was in an activated state, a check state or a deactivated state. This makes it possible to react quickly and accurately if a problem occurs.In the event of a technical malfunction, it can be determined whether the recording of operating parameters was carried out correctly during a check condition, or whether, for example, sensors were unable to record operating parameters. This facilitates the investigation of the actual cause of a technical malfunction.

[0024] Furthermore, the object is achieved by an accumulator, in particular as a power supply for a machine tool, for carrying out the method, wherein the accumulator contains at least one real-time clock, at least one sensor, at least one transceiver, a storage device and a control device.

[0025] Furthermore, the object is achieved by a system containing at least one accumulator, in particular as a power supply for a machine tool, and a system component connectable to the accumulator for carrying out the method, wherein the accumulator contains at least one real-time clock, at least one sensor, at least one transceiver, a memory device and a control device and the system component contains at least one control unit, a memory unit and at least one transceiver.

[0026] According to a further advantageous embodiment, it may be possible for the system to be designed to - transmit at least one signal from the at least one transceiver of the accumulator to the at least one transceiver of the system component if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value; and

[0027] - transmitting at least one signal from the system component to the transceiver of the accumulator for setting at least one parameter of the accumulator from a first value to a second value.

[0028] According to a further advantageous embodiment, it may be possible for the system component to be designed in the form of a machine tool or loading device.

[0029] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the figures. The figures illustrate various embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] The figures, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The skilled person will expediently consider the features individually and combine them into further meaningful combinations.

[0031] They show:

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a machine tool with an accumulator according to the invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic front view of the accumulator with a positive contact.

[0034] Negative contact and communication contact; and

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic side view of a charging device with the accumulator according to the invention.

[0036] Examples of implementation:

[0037] Figure 1 shows a machine tool 1 according to an exemplary embodiment. The machine tool 1 is designed as a battery-powered drill.

[0038] According to an alternative embodiment, the machine tool can also be designed in the form of a saw, a grinder, a hammer drill or the like.

[0039] The machine tool 1 designed as a drilling machine essentially contains a housing 2, a handle s, a tool holder 4 and a power supply 5.

[0040] The housing 2 has a front end 2a, a rear end 2b, an upper end 2c and a lower end 2d.

[0041] The tool holder 4 is positioned at the front end 2a of the housing 2. The tool holder 4 serves to receive and hold a tool 4a. In the figures, the tool 4a is depicted as a screwdriver bit.

[0042] According to an alternative embodiment, the tool 4a can also be designed in the form of a drill.

[0043] A first end 3a of the handle 3 is positioned at the lower end 2d of the housing 2. An interface 7 is provided at the second end 3b of the handle 3.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1, the handle 3 has an activation switch 8 with which the machine tool 1 can be set to an activated or deactivated state. The setting from the deactivated state to the activated state is achieved by pressing the activation switch 8 in the direction of arrow A.

[0045] The power supply 5 can be releasably attached to the interface 7. In the present embodiment, the power supply 5 is designed in the form of a rechargeable battery. The power supply 5 serves to supply the machine tool 1 with electrical energy.

[0046] According to an alternative embodiment, the power supply 5 can also be configured as a power cable for connecting the machine tool 1 to a mains power source (socket). The power supply 5 configured as a power cable is not shown in the figures.

[0047] Essentially, an electric motor 9 serves as the drive, a transmission device 10, a drive shaft 11, a ventilation device 6, and a control device 12 are positioned inside the housing 2. The electric motor 9, the transmission device 10, the drive shaft 11, and the tool holder 4 are arranged relative to one another inside the housing 2 in such a way that a torque generated in the electric motor 9 can be transmitted to the transmission device 10, the drive shaft 11, and finally to the tool holder 4 or to the tool.

[0048] The control device 12 is connected to the activation switch 8, the interface 7 and the electric motor 9 by means of corresponding lines L.

[0049] The electric motor 9 is designed in the form of a brushless electric motor.

[0050] The energy supply 5 designed as an accumulator can be releasably connected to the machine tool 1 in order to supply the machine tool 1 with electrical energy.

[0051] The accumulator 5 essentially contains a battery housing 20, a number of energy storage cells 13, a battery interface 14, a control device 15, a real-time clock 16, a first, second and third sensor 17a, 17b, 17c, at least one transceiver 18 and a memory device 19.

[0052] The energy storage cells 13 can also be referred to as battery cells and are arranged inside the battery housing 20.

[0053] The battery housing 20 essentially contains a cover element 20a, four side walls 20b and a base element 20c.

[0054] The battery interface 14 is arranged on the outside of the cover element 20a and serves for the electrical or electronic as well as mechanical connection of the battery 5 to the machine tool 1 or a charging device 21.

[0055] The charging device 21 serves to charge the accumulator 5 with electrical energy and is not shown in the figures. As shown in Figure 3, the charging device 21 includes a charger housing 22 in which a control unit 23, a charger transceiver 24, and a charger storage unit 25 are positioned.

[0056] For electrical or electronic connection, the battery interface 14 has a positive contact 14a, a negative contact 14b, and a communication contact 14c. The positive and negative contacts 14a, 14b serve to generate an electrical circuit (i.e., energy flow) when the battery s is connected to a machine tool 1 or a charging device 21. The communication contact 14c serves to send and receive data and information in the form of electrical signals.

[0057] Alternatively or additionally, the accumulator 5 can also incorporate radio communication (e.g., Bluetooth) or wireless communication. The energy storage cells 13 serve to absorb, store, and re-release electrical energy. The energy storage cells 13 are cylindrical in shape and are based on lithium-ion technology. Each energy storage cell 13 contains a contact device at one end, which serves to transmit electrical energy. The individual contact devices are connected to the control device 15 of the accumulator 5 via corresponding lines L.

[0058] Alternatively, the energy storage cells 13 may also be based on another suitable technology.

[0059] The cylindrical shape of the energy storage cells 13 is also optional, so any other suitable shape or geometry can be selected. In particular, it is also possible for the energy storage cells 13 to be designed as pouch cells.

[0060] It is also possible for the accumulator 5 to contain both cylindrical energy storage cells 13 and pouch cells. In particular, it is possible for the accumulator 5 to contain only a single cylindrical energy storage cell 13 and a single pouch cell.

[0061] The control device 15 regulates and controls various functions of the accumulator 5. These functions include, among others, controlling the absorption of electrical energy into the energy storage cells 13 when the accumulator 5 is connected to a charging device 21 or from the energy storage cells 13, as well as the release of electrical energy from the energy storage cells 13 when the accumulator 5 is connected to a machine tool 1.

[0062] In addition, the control device 15 is used to control the specific amount of electrical energy that is to be absorbed or released by the energy storage cells 13.

[0063] Sensors 17a, 17b, and 17c are used to detect various operating parameters. These operating parameters include, among others, the voltage value of the energy storage cells, the current value of the energy storage cells, and the temperature of the energy storage cells.

[0064] According to an alternative embodiment, the accumulator 5 may also contain more or fewer than three sensors.

[0065] The first sensor 17a is designed as a voltmeter (also referred to as a voltage measuring device) for detecting voltage values.

[0066] The second sensor 17b is designed as an ammeter (also referred to as a current measuring device, ammeter, or current measuring device) for detecting current values. The third sensor 17c is designed as a temperature sensor (also referred to as a thermometer) and serves to detect temperature values. As can be seen in the figures, the third sensor 17c, designed as a temperature sensor, is positioned between the energy storage cells 13.

[0067] The sensors 17a, 17b, 17c are connected to the control device 15 and the storage device 19 such that the operating parameters detected by the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c can be sent to the control device 15 and the storage device 19. Different categories of threshold values ​​for the operating parameters are stored in the storage device 19.

[0068] A first category contains thresholds that indicate a significant technical problem if one or more operating parameters reach the thresholds of this first category. A significant technical problem can lead to a total failure of battery 5.

[0069] A second category contains thresholds which only indicate a technical deterioration or inefficiency of one or more components of the battery if one or more operating parameters reach the thresholds of this second category.

[0070] Alternatively, more than two categories of threshold values ​​can be stored in the storage device 19.

[0071] The thresholds of the first category can be higher or lower than the thresholds of the second category. Furthermore, the thresholds of the first category can be a percentage of the thresholds of the second category.

[0072] In addition, the operating parameters detected by the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c are stored in the memory device 19. With the aid of a microcontroller in the control device 15, the respectively detected operating parameters can be compared with the corresponding threshold values.

[0073] Furthermore, the accumulator 5 contains a real-time clock 16. The real-time clock 16 serves to mark each recorded operating characteristic with a time stamp (also called time or point in time). The time-stamped operating characteristic is stored in the memory device 19 and serves to monitor when and which operating characteristic was recorded by one of the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c.

[0074] Transceiver 18 (also called transceiver) is used to send and receive electrical signals. Transceiver 18 is designed as a Bluetooth transceiver, allowing data and information to be sent and received in the form of signals to external devices. These external devices can be a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, or a data storage device (also called a cloud).

[0075] According to alternative embodiments, the transceiver may also be based on another radio technology or on a wired technology.

[0076] The memory device 19 serves to store the operating characteristic marked with a timestamp. In the present embodiment, the memory device 19 is designed as a non-volatile memory (also referred to as secondary memory, permanent memory, or read-only memory).

[0077] To implement the method for controlling or regulating the accumulator 5, the accumulator 5 is first switched from an activated state to a deactivated state. The switching from the activated state to the deactivated state occurs when the user no longer presses the activation switch 8 in the direction of arrow A. The user is not shown in the figures.

[0078] In the activation state (ie when the activation switch 8 is pressed by a user in the direction of arrow A), electrical energy is absorbed from the energy storage cells by a charging device 21 or delivered to a consumer (eg a machine tool 1 connected to the accumulator 5).

[0079] As mentioned above, the battery 5 is switched from the activated state to a deactivated state, for example, by no longer actuating the activation switch 8 of a machine tool 1 connected to the battery 5. As a result, no electrical energy is supplied from the energy storage cells 13 of the battery 5 to a load (e.g., electric motor 9) of the machine tool 1.

[0080] The deactivation state can also be referred to as a rest state or sleep mode, in which no electrical energy is absorbed by the energy storage cells 13 by a charging device 21 or delivered to a consumer (e.g. machine tool 1 or the like).

[0081] Next, the accumulator 5 is set from the deactivation state to a verification state. The setting of the accumulator 5 from the deactivation state to a verification state occurs after a first period of time has elapsed. In the present embodiment, the first period of time is five minutes. The first period of time begins to run from the time after the accumulator 5 is set to the deactivation state. The accumulator 5 then remains set in the verification state for a second period of time. In the present embodiment, the second period of time is 0.3 seconds.

[0082] The ratio of the first period to the second period is at least 1 / 1000.

[0083] However, it is also possible that the first time period is more or less than five minutes.

[0084] Using the real-time clock, the control device 15 controls the periodic change between setting the accumulator 5 to the deactivation state and the check state, see Figure 4. The change between the deactivation state and the check state, monitored and controlled by the control device 15, continues until the accumulator 5 is set to the activation state by pressing the activation switch 8. In the activation state, the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c detect the corresponding operating parameters periodically or continuously.

[0085] While the accumulator 5 is in the checking state, the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c detect the corresponding operating parameters.

[0086] The first sensor 17a, designed as a voltmeter, detects the voltage value of the energy storage cells 13. It is also possible to use multiple sensors to detect the voltage of the individual energy storage cells 13. This can detect a debalancing (i.e., an imbalance) in the voltage values ​​of the individual energy storage cells, which in turn may indicate a technical malfunction.

[0087] The second sensor 17b, designed as an ammeter, detects the current value of the energy storage cells 13. It is also possible for the current value of the individual energy storage cells 13 to be detected using several sensors.

[0088] The third sensor 17c, designed as a temperature sensor, detects the temperature value of the energy storage cells 13 positioned in the center of the accumulator 5. It is also possible for several sensors to detect the temperature at different locations on the accumulator 5.

[0089] By connecting the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c to the control device 15 and the memory device 19, the operating parameters detected by the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c are sent to the control device 15 and the memory device 19. As mentioned above, threshold values ​​corresponding to the operating parameters are stored in the memory device 19.

[0090] The operating parameters detected by the sensors 17a, 17b, 17c are compared in the control device 15 with the threshold values ​​from the storage device 19.

[0091] The accumulator 5 is set from the checking state to a deactivation state if no detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value.

[0092] Alternatively, the accumulator 5 is switched from the check state to a blocking state if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value. This may be the case, for example, if the detected temperature reaches a threshold value of 70°C. It is possible that a cooling system (not shown in the figures) for the energy storage cells 13 no longer provides sufficient cooling, and extensive damage to the accumulator 5 cannot be ruled out.

[0093] Furthermore, it may be the case that a detected voltage value of the energy storage cells 13 corresponds to a threshold value of only 15 volts. A malfunction or even major damage to the accumulator 5 cannot therefore be ruled out.

[0094] As mentioned above, several threshold values ​​of different categories are stored in the memory device 19.

[0095] The first time period is reduced if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is lower or higher than the first threshold. Regarding the temperature value, the first threshold is 70°C and the second threshold is 65°C.

[0096] The initial time period is reduced from five minutes to two minutes if a temperature value of 65°C is already recorded.

[0097] The temperature value recorded or corresponding to the second threshold already indicates an undesirable temperature increase, which, however, is not yet considered critical.

[0098] However, it is advisable to record the temperature at a higher frequency in order to record the further temperature drop more accurately and, if necessary, to avoid a sudden temperature increase to well over 70°C.

[0099] This can also be the case if the voltage value of the energy storage cells 13 reaches a second threshold value of 17 volts. Reference numeral

[0100] 1 machine tool

[0101] 2 housings

[0102] 2a front end of the housing

[0103] 2b rear end of the housing

[0104] 2c upper end of the housing

[0105] 2d lower end of the housing

[0106] 3 Handle

[0107] 3a first end of the handle

[0108] 3b second end of the handle

[0109] 4 tool holder

[0110] 5 Energy supply

[0111] 6 Ventilation system

[0112] 7 Interface

[0113] 8 activation switches

[0114] 9 Electric motor

[0115] 10 Gear device

[0116] 11 Drive shaft

[0117] 12 Control device

[0118] 13 Energy storage cell

[0119] 14 Battery interface

[0120] 14a positive contact of the battery interface

[0121] 14b Negative contact of the battery interface

[0122] 14c Communication contact of the battery interface

[0123] 15 Control device

[0124] 16 Real-time clock

[0125] 17a first sensor

[0126] 17b second sensor

[0127] 17c third sensor

[0128] 18 Transceiver 19 Storage device

[0129] 20 battery cases

[0130] 20a Cover element

[0131] 20b Side walls 20c Floor element

[0132] 21 Charging device

[0133] 22 charger housing

[0134] 23 Control unit

[0135] 24 Charger transceiver 25 Charger storage unit

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method for controlling and / or regulating an accumulator (5), in particular as a power supply for a machine tool (1), wherein the accumulator (5) contains at least one real-time clock (16), at least one sensor (17a, 17b, 17c), at least one transceiver (18), a memory device (19) and a control device (15), characterized by the method steps - Setting the accumulator (5) from an activation state to a Deactivation state; - Setting the accumulator (5) from the deactivation state to a Verification state after a first period of time has elapsed since the accumulator (5) was set to the deactivation state, the accumulator (5) being set in the verification state for a second period of time; - detecting at least one first operating characteristic value by the at least one sensor when the accumulator (5) is set in the checking state; - Comparison of the first operating characteristic value with at least one stored threshold value; - setting the accumulator (5) from the checking state to a deactivation state if no detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value; or - setting the accumulator (5) from a check state to a blocking state if at least one detected operating characteristic value corresponds to at least a first threshold value.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the first period of the accumulator (5) in the deactivation state and the second period of the accumulator (5) in the checking state is at least 1 / 1000.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first time period is reduced if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a second threshold value, the second threshold value being lower or higher than the first threshold value.

4. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first time period is reduced if, before the accumulator (5) is set from the activation state to the deactivation state, at least one detected operating characteristic value corresponds to at least a second threshold value.

5. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by - Adjusting at least one parameter of the accumulator (5) from a first value to a second value by the control device of the accumulator (5) if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least one first or second threshold value.

6. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by - Marking the recorded operating characteristic value with a time stamp by the real-time clock (16) and storing the operating characteristic value marked with a time stamp in the storage device (19).

7. Accumulator (5), in particular as a power supply for a machine tool (1), for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the accumulator (5) contains at least one real-time clock (16), at least one sensor (17a, 17b, 17c), at least one transceiver (18), a memory device (19) and a control device (15).

8. System comprising at least one accumulator (5), in particular as Energy supply for a machine tool (1), and a system component connectable to the accumulator (5), for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the accumulator (5) has at least one real-time clock (16), at least one sensor (17a, 17b, 17c), at least one transceiver (18), a memory device (19) and a control device (15) and the System component contains at least one control unit (23), a memory unit (25) and at least one transceiver (24).

9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the system is designed to - transmitting at least one signal from the at least one transceiver (18) of the accumulator (5) to the at least one transceiver of the system component if at least one detected operating characteristic corresponds to at least a first threshold value; and - Transmitting at least one signal from the system component to the transceiver of the accumulator (5) for adjusting at least one parameter of the accumulator (5) from a first value to a second value.

10. System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the system component is configured in the form of a machine tool (1) or charging device (21).

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