Composition of organic BIO-paint and preparation method thereof for carbon capture and reducing air pollutants

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition of plant-based bio-paint for reducing airborne pollutants The composition comprises plant extracts derived from 230 g to 260 g of Spinacia oleracea L., or Ficus religiosa leaves or a combination thereof, forming 40% to 60% (w / v) of the total bio-paint. Absorbent materials, including soda lime or calcium carbonate (5% to 8% w / v), act as stabilizers and facilitate interaction with airborne pollutants. Fumed silica (5% to 8% w / v) serves as an additive to enhance adhesion, stability, and pollutant absorption capacity. Chemical binders, including melamine (8% to 12% w / v) and formaldehyde (18% to 22% w / v), provide structural integrity and durability. The bio-paint is configured to facilitate interactions with airborne pollutants, including COx, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (0.3 µm to 10 µm), formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), thereby contributing to the reduction of airborne pollutant concentrations and enhancing air quality.

Description

[0001] “COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC BIO-PAINT AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND REDUCING AIR POLLUTANTS”

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to sustainable construction materials and eco-friendly surface coatings, more particularly to a composition of organic bio-paint and preparation method thereof, for carbon capture and reducing air pollutants.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The continued rise in atmospheric pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), formaldehyde (HCHO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), caused by industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and energy production has become a pressing environmental issue. These pollutants contribute to global warming, climate change, and deteriorating air quality. Conventional mitigation strategies like afforestation and soil carbon sequestration are limited by slow absorption rates and capacity constraints, rendering them insufficient for addressing current pollution levels.

[0006] Engineered solutions such as direct air capture, mineral carbonation, and chemical absorption using amines have been explored but involve high energy consumption, expensive materials, and complex processes. Among these innovations, carbon-capturing coatings and paints have emerged as promising alternatives due to their dual functionality in surface protection and pollutant reduction. However, most of these coatings rely on synthetic materials and energy-intensive production methods.

[0007] Existing Carbon-Capturing Paints and Their Limitations:

[0008] CELOUR PAINT: Celour is a carbon-capturing paint capable of absorbing 20% of its weight in carbon. Each 137 g of paint can sequester about 27 g of carbon from the atmosphere. The paint is made from waste concrete powder (WCP), a cement-based by-product from concrete recycling that is typically disposed of in landfills, causing potential soil alkalization and ecological harm. Through a process called mineral carbonation, Celour chemically reacts with CO2in the air, offsetting a portion of the emissions produced during cement manufacturing. Despite its carbon-absorbing potential, Celour lacks biodegradable components and requires a complex, time-consuming manufacturing process.

[0009] GRAPHENE-LIME PAINT: Graphene-Lime paint absorbs carbon dioxide similarly to a tree. Four 5-liter pots of Graphene-Lime paint can absorb CO2equivalent to what a tree absorbs in a year. The paint is composed of high-purity lime and natural products, organized at the molecular level using graphene nanoparticles. Graphene-Lime paint also enhances indoor air quality when applied to walls. However, the significant drawback of this technology is its high cost; in India, graphene ceramic coatings range from ?15,000 to ?45,000, depending on grade and durability, making widespread adoption financially challenging.

[0010] Patent Application No. 755 / DEL / 2010 describes a "Bio-waste Based Insulating Coating" that uses cow dung and synthetic additives for thermal insulation but does not address atmospheric CO2absorption.

[0011] So, it can be observed from the above that despite advancements in carbon-capturing technologies, these solutions face notable limitations. Direct air capture demands high energy input, while carbon-capturing paints such as Celour and Graphene-Lime remain too costly for large-scale deployment. Other available eco-friendly paints, such as Nilaya Natural and Khadi Prakritik Paint, prioritize antimicrobial properties and environmental sustainability but lack pollutant-reduction or Air quality improvement capabilities. Paints made from bio-waste materials like cow dung also fall short due to limited pollutant-absorbing capacity. While Patent Application No. 755 / DEL / 2010 talks about utilizing bio-waste, but it remains focused on insulation rather than pollutant reduction. Given these constraints, there is a pressing need for a scalable, cost- effective, and environmentally sustainable paint capable of absorbing CO2and harmful airborne pollutants from the atmosphere. An ideal bio-paint should leverage renewable materials, minimize reliance on synthetic chemicals, and offer a balance between affordability and pollutant reduction efficiency. This invention seeks to fulfill that need by providing an innovative, composition of organic bio-paint and preparation method thereof, that capture carbon and reduces air pollutants, to improve air quality while maintaining eco-friendliness and structural durability.

[0012] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0013] An object of the present invention is to provide a sustainable plantbased bio-paint capable of reducing harmful airborne pollutants, including Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide CO, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulfur oxides (SOx), Formaldehyde (HCHO), harmful Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective, eco-friendly solution to utilize organic plant-based bio-paint that is environmentally friendly and does not have any heavy metal contamination or any exorbitant biochemical parameter.

[0015] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a bio-paint with strong adhesion, durability, and weather resistance.

[0016] Yet another object of the present invention is to contribute to better indoor and outdoor air quality by application on buildings, infrastructure, road sidewalks, dividers, factories etc. to improve the AQI, reduce greenhouse gases and increase carbon capture from the atmosphere.

[0017] Yet another object of the present invention is to reduce the harmful particulate matter (0.3 pm to 10 pm) from the atmosphere.

[0018] Yet another object of the present invention is to contribute to minimal VOCs. Yet another object of the present invention is to effectively manage Sustainable Development Goals and mitigate climate change.

[0019] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0020] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition of organic bio-paint for carbon capture and reducing air pollutants. The composition comprises 40% to 60% (w / v) plant extract derived from 230 g to 260 g of plant materials selected from Spinacia oleracea L., or Ficus religiosa leaves or a combination thereof. The plant extract forms the primary ingredient of the bio-paint composition. The composition further includes 5% to 12% (w / v) absorbent materials including soda lime and calcium carbonate, serving as a stabilizer and as a medium for interaction with airborne pollutants. The composition includes 5% to 8% (w / v) fumed silica as additives to enhance adhesion, stability, and absorption capacity. Chemical binders such as 8% to 12% (w / v) melamine and 18% to 22% (w / v) formaldehyde are also included to provide structural integrity and durability. The composition further includes 0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio with the soda lime. The bio-paint is configured to facilitate interactions of absorbent materials with airborne pollutants selected from, but not limited to, COx, NOx, SOx, particulate matter, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), thereby contributing to the reduction of airborne pollutant concentrations and enhancing air quality.

[0021] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract is prepared by soaking leaves of plant material selected from Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) or Ficus religiosa (peepal) separately in distilled water for 2 to 3 days, filtering the suspension, and heating the filtered extract at 90°C to 110°C to reduce its volume by half.

[0022] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, sodium bicarbonate is added at a concentration of 5 g per 100 mL of plant extract before heating to enhance carbon dioxide absorption. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the chemical binders, melamine and formaldehyde, are combined in a weight ratio of 1 :2 to ensure chemical stability and improve binding properties.

[0023] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the composition further comprises 1 -4% natural binder oils selected from, but not limited to, linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, or walnut oil, which serve as binding and emulsifying agents.

[0024] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the composition includes 3-7% diethanolamine (DEA) to enhance pollutant absorption and improve the stability and adhesion of the bio-paint.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the plant-based bio-paint comprises preparing an absorbent mixture by mixing 4% (w / v) soda lime with 0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio to form a homogeneous solution. A melamine-formaldehyde mixture is prepared by combining melamine and formaldehyde in a weight ratio of 1 :2. The absorbent mixture and the melamine-formaldehyde mixture are mixed to form a homogeneous absorbent binder solution. Fumed silica, soda lime, and calcium carbonate are then added into the binder solution, followed by the pre-treated plant extract, which forms 40% to 60% of the bio-paint base mixture, wherein 5- 8% fumed silica, 5-7% soda lime and 10-12%, calcium carbonate into the absorbent binder solution. The bio-paint base mixture is stirred for 1 to 2 hours to achieve uniform consistency and obtain the plant-based bio-paint, wherein the plant extracts form 40-60% of the bio-paint base mixture.

[0026] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes adding 1 -4% natural binder oils selected from, but not limited to, linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, or walnut oil as binding and emulsifying agents and 3-7% diethanolamine (DEA) to enhance pollutant absorption and improve stability.

[0027] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment of plant extracts includes rinsing 230 g to 260 g of plant material selected from, but not limited to, leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) or Ficus religiosa (peepal), soaking the plant material in 2 L of distilled water for 2 to 3 days, filtering the suspension, and concentrating the filtered extract by heating it at 90°C to 1 10°C to reduce its volume by half with sodium bicarbonate.

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular to the description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. These and other features, benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following text figure, with like reference numbers referring to like structures across the views, wherein:

[0030] Fig. 1 illustrates a method of preparation of an organic bio-paint, in accordance with the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 2A-2D illustrates graphical representation of residual Carbon Monoxide when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using plant based bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves for reducing airborne pollutants, in accordance with the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 3A-3D illustrates the analysis of CO2 reduction in stimulated environment when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using plant-based bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves, in accordance with the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 4A-4D illustrates the analysis of TVOC reduction in stimulated environment when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using plant-based bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves, in accordance with the present invention; and

[0034] Fig. 5A-5B illustrates analysis of Formaldehyde (HCHO) reduction in a stimulated environment when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using plant-based bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves.

[0035] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein reference numerals used in the accompanying drawing correspond to the like elements throughout the description.

[0037] While the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. As used throughout this description, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e. , meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e., meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one” and the word “plurality” means “one or more” unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Likewise, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the terms "including" or "containing" for applicable legal purposes. Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in the specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention.

[0038] This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the following detailed description, numeric values and ranges are provided for various aspects of the implementations described. These values and ranges are to be treated as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. In addition, a number of materials are identified as suitable for various facets of the implementations. These materials are to be treated as exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0039] The present invention relates to a plant-based bio-paint composition configured for reducing airborne pollutants, including but not limited to carbon monoxide / dioxide (COx), nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur oxides (SOX), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and particulate matter (0.3 pm to 10 pm). As previously mentioned in background, commercially existing paints and coatings suffer from two major drawbacks: organic paints are generally unsuitable for absorbing carbon, and carbon-capturing paints are expensive and rely heavily on synthetic raw materials. To address these issues, the inventors have developed an innovative approach using vegetable bio-waste or other organic bio-waste in combination with minerals and adsorbents. This novel bio-paint is cost-effective compared to existing carbon-capturing paints while maintaining the ability to absorb carbon dioxide and other harmful pollutants to a desirable extent.

[0040] When applied to buildings or exposed surfaces, the disclosed bio-paint is capable of reducing greenhouse gases and harmful gases by absorbing carbon dioxide and toxic pollutants thereby improving the Air Quality Index. Additionally, the paint offers air-purifying properties, including odor absorption, making it a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for mitigating climate change while improving air quality. The bio-paint incorporates plantbased bio-waste as a core ingredient, alongside chemical binders, absorbent fillers, and stabilizers, to achieve enhanced pollutant interaction, structural durability, and long-term functionality.

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention, the present invention discloses a composition of a plant-based bio-paint for reducing airborne pollutants. The disclosed bio-paint comprises specific plant extract, absorbent materials, additives, and binders that synergistically interact to reduce the concentration of harmful airborne pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and particulate matter (0.3 pm to 10 pm). The composition is environmentally sustainable, leveraging plant-based bio-paint as its core ingredient, combined with chemical and mineral components to enhance pollutant absorption, structural durability, and long-term stability. The following details outline each ingredient included in the composition:

[0042] Plant Extract. The bio-paint comprises 40-60% plant extract. The plant extract may be derived from either Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach), or Ficus religiosa (peepal) leaves or any similar plant material having same properties. The plant extract for each plant material may be prepared using the same procedure. The procedure involves, selecting the plant material as per the requirement, soaking the leaves of the selected plant (Spinacia oleracea L., or Ficus religiosa) in distilled water for 2 to 3 days, filtering the suspension. Then, adding 5 grams of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOg) per 100 ml, to the filtrate. Finally, the solution is heated at 90°C to 110°C to reduce their volume by half for each of the leaves separately. Hence, the plant extract may be obtained for the required plant material.

[0043] The pre-treated plant extract provide natural bio-plant based derived compounds that contribute to pollutant absorption and serve as a core functional ingredient in the bio-paint.

[0044] Absorbent Materials: The composition incorporates soda lime or calcium carbonate in concentrations of 5% to 12% (w / v) of the total biopaint. The soda lime is mixed with 0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio.

[0045] These absorbent materials serve as stabilizers and facilitate the interaction and capture of gaseous pollutants. Soda lime, composed of a mixture of calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and water, is particularly effective in absorbing CO2and acidic gases such as NOx and SOx, thereby enhancing the bio-paint’s air purification capabilities.

[0046] Fumed Silica: Fumed silica, included at 5% to 8% (w / v) of the total biopaint, acts as a thickening agent and stabilizer. Its finely divided amorphous silicon dioxide particles prevent caking and ensure uniform dispersion of the paint. The inclusion of fumed silica also contributes to the structural consistency and long-term adhesion properties of the composition.

[0047] Chemical Binders: The composition employs melamine and formaldehyde as chemical binders, combined in a weight ratio of 1 :2. Melamine (8-12%) is included at 8 g to 12 g per 100 mL of the total composition, while formaldehyde (18-22%) is included at 18 mL to 22 mL per 100 mL. These binders ensure the structural integrity and durability of the paint. Their inclusion contributes to the formation of a robust polymer network within the bio-paint matrix, enhancing its resistance to environmental wear. Additives: In additional embodiments, the composition further includes combinations of natural oils (such as linseed oil) and diethanolamine (DEA) to improve the adhesion and pollutant absorption capabilities of the paint. a. Diethanolamine (DEA): Diethanolamine (DEA) is incorporated as an additive at 5% to 8% (w / v) of the total bio-paint. DEA is a secondary amine and amino-alcohol known for its efficacy in absorbing carbon dioxide and enhancing the adhesion and stability of the paint. DEA’s chemical properties contribute to the bio-paint’s ability to interact effectively with gaseous pollutants, including formaldehyde and TVOCs. b. Natural Binder Oils: The bio-paint composition includes natural oils, such as linseed oil, neem oil, tung oil, castor oil, or walnut oil etc., at 1 mL to 4 mL per 100 mL of the total composition. These oils act as binders and emulsifying agents, ensuring the uniform dispersion of the plant extracts and mineral components. Preferably, the composition utilizes Linseed oil, derived from flax seeds, which provides excellent binding properties and enhances the durability of the paint when applied to surfaces. The surfaces may include, selected from, but not limited to, glass and metallic.

[0048] With these additives, multiple variations of the composition may be possible. The invention encompasses variations with specific additives to configure its properties for different functional requirements. These may include: o Base Mixture Only: The base mixture, as prepared with the essential components of plant extract, absorbent materials, chemical binders, and additives, forms the foundational bio-paint composition, (referred as Combination 1 ) o Base Mixture with Linseed Oil: The base mixture may additionally include linseed oil (2 mL per 100 mL of the total composition), enhancing the binding and emulsifying properties of the paint for improved surface adhesion and application, (referred as Combination 2) o Base Mixture with Diethanolamine (DEA): Diethanolamine (DEA) may be incorporated into the base mixture at 5 mL per 100 mL to increase pollutant absorption efficiency and stabilize the paint's consistency, (referred as Combination 3) o Base Mixture with Linseed Oil and DEA: A synergistic combination of linseed oil (2 mL per 100 mL) and DEA (5 mL per 100 mL) may be included in the base mixture, providing enhanced adhesion, pollutant absorption capacity, and long-term durability, (referred as Combination 4)

[0049] These variations of the bio-paint composition are designed to address specific environmental or application-based requirements, allowing for flexibility in performance while maintaining the primary air-purifying and pollutant-reducing functionalities of the paint.

[0050] This composition is designed to facilitate interactions between its active absorbent materials and airborne pollutants, contributing to the carbon capture, reduction of pollutant concentrations and improving air quality. The precise ratios and components have been optimized to balance cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and technical performance, distinguishing the invention from commercially available paints that rely on synthetic raw materials. The synergistic interaction of the natural and chemical components ensures long-term functionality and makes the composition suitable for application on various surfaces to mitigate airborne pollutants and greenhouse gases effectively.

[0051] Method of Preparation:

[0052] Figure 1 illustrates a method of preparation of an organic bio-paint for carbon capture and reducing air pollutants, in accordance with the present invention. The present invention discloses a method for preparing an organic bio-paint for reducing airborne pollutants, which involves a sequence of specific steps to ensure the preparation of a pollutantabsorbing composition with enhanced durability and functionality. The method, illustrated in Figure 1 , includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 102: Preparation of Absorbent Mixture: An absorbent mixture is prepared by combining 4% (w / v) soda lime with 0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio. The two components are mixed to form a homogeneous solution. The absorbent mixture is specifically designed to facilitate the interaction and absorption of acidic pollutants, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxides (SOx), which contribute to poor air quality.

[0054] Step 104: Preparation of Melamine-Formaldehyde Mixture: A melamine-formaldehyde mixture is prepared by combining melamine and formaldehyde in a weight ratio of 1 :2. In particular, 8% to 12% (w / v) of melamine is mixed with 18% to 22% (w / v) of formaldehyde to create a chemical binder solution. This precise ratio ensures that the resulting binder contributes to the structural integrity and adhesion properties of the final biopaint composition, providing durability under environmental conditions.

[0055] Step 106: Formation of Absorbent Binder Solution: The absorbent mixture prepared in Step 102 is mixed with the melamine-formaldehyde mixture prepared in Step 104. The two solutions are combined under continuous stirring to form a homogeneous absorbent binder solution. This step ensures the integration of the pollutant-absorbing and structural binding functionalities within the base composition.

[0056] Step 108: Addition of Fumed Silica, Soda Lime, and Calcium Carbonate: 5-8% Fumed silica, and 5-12% absorbent materials such as soda lime and calcium carbonate, are added to the solution prepared in Step 106. Fumed silica acts as a thickening agent and anti-caking agent, ensuring a consistent texture, while calcium carbonate serves as a structural stabilizer. The soda lime enhances the pollutant-absorbing capacity of the composition, particularly for acidic gases and particulate matter. 0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio with the soda lime.

[0057] Step 110: Addition of Plant Extract: The plant extract is added to the absorbent binder mixture prepared in Step 108. The plant extract forms 40- 60% of the total paint composition. For example: to achieve a 100mL biopaint, the plant extract, derived from 230 g to 260 g of plant material including Spinacia oleracea (spinach), or Ficus religiosa (peepal), or a combination thereof, is prepared. This process includes rinsing soaking the selected plant material in 2 L of distilled water for 2 to 3 days, filtering the suspension, and concentrating the filtered extract by heating at 90°C to 110°C with sodium bicarbonate to reduce its volume by half. These plant extracts provide bioactive compounds that interact with airborne pollutants, including particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and formaldehyde. It will be understood to a skilled addressee, that the quantities mentioned above can be changed depending on the final quantity of bio-paint required. Accordingly, a bio-paint base mixture is obtained.

[0058] Step 112: Homogenization: The bio-paint base mixture is subjected to continuous stirring for about 1 -2 hours using, say, a magnetic stirrer to ensure uniform consistency. This step creates a homogeneous mixture with pollutant-absorbing and adhesion properties, making it suitable for application on surfaces. The surfaces may include, selected from, but not limited to, glass and metallic.

[0059] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the plant-based bio-paint may further include the incorporation of natural binder oils and diethanolamine (DEA) to enhance its binding, emulsifying, and pollutant-absorbing properties. Specifically, 1 - 4 mL of natural binder oils, forming 1 -4% of the total bio-paint composition, may be added during the mixing process. These natural binder oils, selected from linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, or walnut oil, serve to improve the adhesion and emulsification of the paint, ensuring a uniform dispersion of all components within the mixture.

[0060] Additionally, 3-7 mL of diethanolamine (DEA), forming 3-7% of the total bio-paint composition, may be introduced as a stabilizer and to enhance pollutant absorption by facilitating interactions between the absorbent materials and airborne pollutants, including carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. After the addition of these components, the biopaint mixture may be stirred continuously for an additional 30 minutes using a magnetic stirrer to ensure homogeneity and optimal integration of the binder oils and DEA. This processing step ensures the bio-paint achieves a uniform consistency, enhancing its pollutant-absorbing efficiency and adhesion properties when applied to surfaces.

[0061] The disclosed method results in a bio-paint composition configured to interact with airborne pollutants, including COx, NOx, SOx, particulate matter, formaldehyde, and TVOCs. The precise combination of absorbent materials, chemical binders, and plant extracts ensures pollutant reduction and structural durability, making the bio-paint suitable for environmental, infrastructural, outdoor and indoor applications.

[0062] WORKING EXAMPLES:

[0063] Example 1: Combination 1 (Base Mixture Only)

[0064] A base mixture of the bio-paint was prepared with the following components:

[0065] • Plant Extract: 250 g of Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) leaves were soaked in 2 L of distilled water for 2-3 days. The suspension was filtered, and the filtered extract was heated at 90°C-110°C with 5 g of sodium bicarbonate per 100 mL to reduce its volume by half. This process yielded the pre-treated plant extract. • Absorbent Mixture: o 25 mL of 4% (w / v) soda lime was mixed with 25 mL of 0.48 M hydrochloric acid (HCI) to create a total of 50 mL of homogeneous solution

[0066] • Chemical Binder Solution: o 10 g of melamine was mixed with 20 mL of formaldehyde (in a 1 :2 weight ratio).

[0067] • Core ingredients: o 6% (w / v) soda lime (6 g in 100 mL), o 6% (w / v) fumed silica (6 g in 100 mL), and o 10% (w / v) calcium carbonate (10 g in 100 mL).

[0068] These components were added to 50 mL of the absorbent mixture. Subsequently, the pre-treated plant extract, comprising 40-60% of the total composition, was incorporated to adjust the total volume to 100 mL (milli-litre). The mixture was then stirred for 1.5 hours using a magnetic stirrer to achieve a uniform and homogeneous consistency.

[0069] Example 2: Combination 2 (Base Mixture + Natural binder, such as Linseed Oil)

[0070] This combination included the same base mixture as in Example 1 , with the following modification:

[0071] • Linseed Oil: 2 mL per 100 mL was added to the base mixture.

[0072] Linseed oil improved the binding properties of the paint, ensuring better adhesion to applied surfaces. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours to achieve uniform consistency.

[0073] Example 3: Combination 3 (Base Mixture + Diethanolamine (DEA))

[0074] This combination built on the base mixture from Example 1 , with the addition of: • Diethanolamine (DEA): 5 mL per 100 mL was added to the base mixture.

[0075] The inclusion of DEA enhanced pollutant absorption, particularly for CO2and TVOCs. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours to ensure homogeneity.

[0076] Example 4: Combination 4 (Base Mixture + Natural binder (Linseed Oil) + DEA)

[0077] This combination incorporated both linseed oil and DEA into the base mixture from Example 1 :

[0078] • Linseed Oil: 2 mL per 100 mL

[0079] • Diethanolamine (DEA): 5 mL per 100 mL

[0080] The combination of linseed oil and DEA resulted in enhanced pollutant absorption, better adhesion, and increased structural durability. The final mixture was stirred for 1 .5 hours to achieve a uniform bio-paint composition.

[0081] APPLICATION AND TESTING CONDITIONS FOR THE BIO-PAINT

[0082] The prepared bio-paint was subjected to application and testing to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing airborne pollutants. The process of application, drying, and subsequent testing under simulated air pollution conditions is detailed below:

[0083] Application of the Bio-Paint

[0084] 1. Coating Process: A measured volume of 4 mL of the bio-paint was evenly applied to the surface of 4” x 4” glass plates, ensuring a uniform coating across the entire area. This standardization of application was critical for maintaining consistent testing conditions across all samples.

[0085] 2. Drying Process: The coated glass plates were placed at room temperature and allowed to dry naturally overnight. This ensured optimal adhesion of the bio-paint to the surface, preparing the samples for subsequent testing. Separate glass plates were used for each variation of the bio-paint to ensure accurate and independent analysis of each composition.

[0086] TESTING UNDER SIMULATED AIR POLLUTION CONDITIONS

[0087] 1. Controlled Testing Environment: A controlled testing environment was created within a glass chamber. Air pollution was simulated by burning cigars near the painted sample plates. An air quality monitor was placed inside the chamber to track changes in pollutant levels at specified time intervals (0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes). A particulate matter counter (CEM) was used to measure particle sizes, providing data on pollutant levels in the chamber.

[0088] 2. Air Quality Monitoring: The effectiveness of the bio-paint was evaluated by measuring the following parameters at specified intervals: o Carbon Monoxide (CO) o CO2content (ppm) using a carbon dioxide monitor (INKBIRD PLUS). o Formaldehyde (HCHO) content (mg / m3). o Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) (mg / m3). o Humidity (%) and temperature (°F) of the chamber. o Particulate matter levels (pm) for PM2.5 and PM10 using the particulate matter counter. o Water Resistance o Moisture Exposure o Elemental And Proximate Analysis

[0089] 3. Control Groups: To establish a baseline and compare the performance of the bio-paint, the following control samples were included: o Control 1 : Plant extract only (without other components). o Control 2: Calcium carbonate. o Control 3: Soda lime. o Control 4: Fumed silica.

[0090] 4. Data Collection: Readings were recorded in triplicate for each biopaint combination, and the results were analyzed to ensure statistical reliability. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and the experimental outcomes are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

[0091] The following section, along with the accompanying figures showing the graphs and tables, present the experimental results obtained from the testing conditions described above. These results demonstrate the pollutant-reducing capabilities of the bio-paint, validating its effectiveness in mitigating airborne pollutants such as carbon dioxide, particulate matter, formaldehyde, and TVOCs. CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) REDUCTION

[0092] Figures 2A-2D illustrate the residual Carbon Monoxide when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using plantbased bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves in accordance with the present invention.

[0093] In Figure 2A, the CO concentration levels are monitored in a controlled glass chamber where bio-paint-coated samples are exposed to CO emissions from burning organic materials such as cigars. The initial CO levels are measured before exposure to the coated samples.

[0094] In Figure 2B, the reduction in CO concentration is tracked after 30 minutes of exposure. The air quality monitor displays a notable decrease in CO levels, indicating the paint's active pollutant-absorbing properties.

[0095] In Figure 2C, the CO reduction is further analyzed after 60 minutes of exposure. The data shows a continuous decline in CO levels as the bio- paint absorbs the emitted CO, supported by chemical reactions facilitated by its alkaline and absorbent components.

[0096] In Figure 2D, the final CO measurements are taken at 90 minutes. The reduction in CO concentration reaches its maximum, confirming the biopaint’s long-lasting and cumulative pollutant-absorbing capability. This demonstrates the stability and efficiency of the paint's composition in reducing carbon monoxide in indoor and outdoor environments.

[0097] The experimental results in Figures 2A through 2D validate the biopaint's ability to effectively reduce CO concentration over time through continuous pollutant absorption and chemical binding, ensuring cleaner air in various environmental settings.

[0098] As shown in the figure 2A-2D, the initial CO concentration across all combinations was in the hazardous range, averaging over 120,000 ppm, highlighting the critical need for pollutant reduction technology. This establishes a baseline for the bio-paint's effectiveness.

[0099] Significant CO reductions were observed after 30 minutes of exposure. The CO concentration decreased by approximately 60% in some combinations, particularly in Combinations 3 and 4, reflecting the bio-paint’s rapid pollutant absorption capacity.

[0100] Continued reductions in CO levels were seen after 60 minutes. Combination 3 showed a notable reduction exceeding 75% of the initial CO concentration, demonstrating the bio-paint’s cumulative pollutant-binding effect over time.

[0101] After 90 minutes, the CO levels in Combinations 3 and 4 fell to values classified as “Moderate” or “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups,” (Refer Table 1 ) a significant improvement from the hazardous initial readings. This underscores the bio-paint’s long-term pollutant-absorbing performance.

[0102] Among the compositions, Combinations 3 and 4 consistently demonstrated the highest pollutant absorption, likely due to optimized chemical and physical properties such as increased absorbent content and enhanced binding agents. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) REDUCTION

[0103] Fig. 3A-3D illustrates the analysis of CO2reduction in stimulated environment when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using organic bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves, in accordance with the present invention. Herein, the Carbon dioxide levels were measured using a CO2monitor across all combinations. As can be observed from the figures, Combinations 3 and 4 exhibited the lowest CO2levels in the stimulated environment compared to the controls, with residual CO2levels of 21 % in combination 3 and 25% in combination 4. In other words, the observed CO2absorption was 79% for combination 3 and 75% for combination 4. REDUCTION OF TVOCs

[0104] Figures 4A through 4D illustrate the analysis of TVOC reduction in stimulated environment when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using plant-based bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves, in accordance with the present invention.

[0105] As shown in the figure 4A, the initial TVOC concentration levels are measured in a controlled environment where bio-paint-coated samples are exposed to high TVOC emissions generated by burning organic materials such as cigars. The initial readings show high TVOC levels across all combinations, establishing a baseline for evaluating pollutant reduction.

[0106] In figure 4B, the TVOC concentration levels are monitored after 30 minutes of exposure. A notable reduction in TVOC levels is observed, with Combinations 3 and 4 showing the most significant reductions, reflecting the bio-paint’s rapid absorption capabilities.

[0107] In figure 4C, the continued reduction in TVOC concentration is measured after 60 minutes of exposure. The data reveals a progressive decline in pollutant levels, demonstrating the bio-paint's ability to maintain pollutant absorption over extended periods.

[0108] In figure 4D, the final TVOC concentration measurements are taken after 90 minutes of exposure. Combinations 3 and 4 show the lowest TVOC concentrations, indicating that these compositions possess superior longterm air-purifying properties due to their optimal chemical formulation.

[0109] The experimental results in figure 3A - 3D validate the bio-paint's ability to effectively reduce TVOC concentrations through continuous pollutant absorption and chemical bonding. Herein, the observed TVOC absorption was 75% for combination 3 and 70% for combination 4. This demonstrates the bio-paint’s potential for improving indoor and outdoor air quality in real-world applications. FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO) REDUCTION

[0110] Figures 5A-5D illustrate analysis of Formaldehyde (HCHO) reduction in a stimulated environment when various combinations (1 to 4) and controls (1 to 4) are implemented using organic bio-paint prepared using Spinach leaves. As can be seen from the figures 5A-5D, HCHO levels were evaluated across all combinations. Specifically, combinations 1 , 3, and 4 exhibited the lowest levels using a simulated environment compared to the controls. Herein, the observed Formaldehyde absorption was 82% for combination 3 and 80% for combination 4. PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS (TABLE 1 )

[0111] Particle size analysis conducted on various combinations of the biopaint compositions. This analysis evaluates the distribution and average size of particles within the formulated bio-paint, directly impacting its application, adhesion, and pollutant absorption capacity. In Table 1 , the particle size distribution for Combinations 1 and 2 is shown. The particle sizes range from fine particles below 10 microns to larger aggregates up to 50 microns. Combination 1 exhibits a tighter particle distribution due to the dominance of spinach extract and chemical binders, ensuring smoother application and uniform pollutant absorption. Combination2 demonstrates a broader size range, enhancing multipollutant capture through variable particle interactions.

[0112] In Table 1 , the particle size analysis for Combinations 3 and 4 is presented. Combination 3 shows a finer average particle size due to the increased presence of fumed silica and sodium bicarbonate, ensuring optimal surface coverage and stability. Combination 4 features slightly larger particles owing to the higher calcium carbonate content, providing enhanced structural stability and longevity of pollutant absorption.

[0113] The particle size analysis results demonstrate that smaller particles contribute to increased surface area for pollutant capture, while larger particles improve structural integrity and durability. The balanced particle size distributions in all combinations confirm the bio-paint’s adaptability for various environmental applications, ensuring long-lasting air purification performance.

[0114] Smaller Particle Impact: Fine particles, as observed in Combinations 1 and 3, maximize pollutant-binding surface area, enhancing absorption efficiency.

[0115] Larger Particle Role: Coarser particles, as seen in Combinations 2 and 4, provide stability and aid in consistent application across uneven surfaces.

[0116] Balanced Distribution: Across all combinations, the particle size distribution ensures adaptability to various environmental conditions, balancing pollutant absorption, ease of application, and long-term durability. These findings highlight that the bio-paint formulations, ensuring both pollutant reduction efficiency and operational robustness. The present invention addresses other air pollutants like formaldehyde (HCHO), particulate matter, temperature variation, and humidity. Across all combinations, Combinations 3 and 4 consistently showed the lowest formaldehyde concentrations compared to the controls 1 -4. To be precise, the combination 3 exhibited 0.3 micron absorption over 90 minutes period, transitioning ‘unhealthy’ AQI to ‘moderate’ AQL This result is attributed to the bio-paint's unique formulation, which includes absorbents such as soda lime and fumed silica, facilitating the capture and neutralization of airborne formaldehyde molecules.

[0117] These findings highlight that the bio-paint formulations, ensuring both pollutant reduction efficiency and operational robustness. TEMPERATURE

[0118] During the temperature tests, the temperature variations within the simulated environment also indicated the thermal regulation properties of the bio-paint. During the tests, the coated plates exhibited a noticeable decrease in temperature compared to the control samples. The bio-paint showed a considerable reduction compared to the control in a period of 0 to 90 minutes. This cooling effect is attributed to the plant extracts and the biopaint's slightly alkaline nature, which may have contributed to a more stable micro-environment on the painted surfaces. HUMIDITY

[0119] When humidity levels were monitored to assess the bio-paint’s ability to maintain environmental balance. While no significant fluctuations in humidity were observed across the combinations, the bio-paint maintained consistent performance, indicating that its application does not negatively impact indoor air moisture levels. WATER RESISTANCE

[0120] The bio-paint’s water resistance and durability were further confirmed through immersion tests, where coated glass plates submerged in water for 72 hours retained their structural integrity. No bacterial or fungal growth was observed during this period, highlighting the paint’s potential antimicrobial properties. Combinations 3 and 4 exhibited superior adhesion and emulsion properties, ensuring long-lasting application on various surfaces, including walls, metals and glass. MOISTURE EXPOSURE:

[0121] In moisture test, glass plates coated with bio-paint were immersed in 1.5 L water for 72 h. The paint layer and appearance were recorded at regular time intervals. None of the combinations dispersed in water; a creamy texture was observed after 72 h indicating water-holding capacity. No bacterial or fungal growth was seen during the time period indicating potential antimicrobial properties. ELEMENTAL AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS:

[0122] The bio-paint analysis of heavy metals revealed that nickel, chromium, and lead were each detected at levels <0.30 ppm, while cadmium and zinc were both < 0.10 ppm. For other parameters, the sample contained 73.97% moisture, 10.87% total minerals, and 5.12% nitrogen. Additionally, crude fiber and crude fats were absent, as shown in the table below:

[0123] The readings indicate that the organic bio-paint does not have any heavy metal contamination or any exorbitant biochemical parameter, indicating that is environmentally safe for use.

[0124] As can be seen from above, the bio-paint demonstrated effective performance in reducing gases like carbon dioxide, total volatile organic carbon, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide while also exhibiting notable water absorption and carbon capture capacity. Its impact on temperature and humidity was analyzed, and elemental and proximate analyses provided insights into its metal range and other essential properties. These findings highlight the bio-paint’s potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative, offering environmental benefits and improved air quality.

[0125] The bio-paint composition demonstrates a significantly reduced reliance on synthetic materials compared to commercially available carbon- capturing paints. The use of Organic plant-based bio-paint, made from spinach or peepal leaves and other such plants having similar qualities, replaces synthetic organic compounds typically used in such formulations. Moreover, the inclusion of natural binders like linseed oil and mineral-based absorbents such as soda lime and calcium carbonate enhances the paint's environmental sustainability. By utilizing biodegradable and naturally derived ingredients, the bio-paint minimizes environmental impact during production and after application, ensuring it aligns with eco-friendly manufacturing, waste management principles, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and reduction of carbon footprint.

[0126] Performance of the Control Groups from above test results:

[0127] The control groups represent individual or partial components of the bio-paint, isolating their contributions to pollutant reduction:

[0128] 1. Control 1 (Plant Extract Only): The plant extract alone demonstrated minimal pollutant absorption. For example, after 90 minutes, CO2and TVOC levels decreased by only 10% compared to the baseline, indicating that while the plant extract contains bioactive compounds, its effectiveness is limited without the inclusion of mineral absorbents and binders.

[0129] 2. Control 2 (Calcium Carbonate Only): Calcium carbonate alone showed moderate performance in absorbing CO2and particulate matter. However, it was ineffective against volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde. The absence of complementary components limited its overall pollutant-reduction capacity.

[0130] 3. Control 3 (Soda Lime Only): Soda lime exhibited significant CO2absorption, reducing concentrations by up to 30% after 90 minutes. However, its performance against other pollutants, such as particulate matter and TVOCs, was limited without the stabilizing and binding properties provided by other ingredients in the bio-paint composition.

[0131] 4. Control 4 (Fumed Silica Only): Fumed silica contributed primarily to structural stability and uniform dispersion but had negligible direct impact on pollutant absorption. Its inclusion in the bio-paint formulations, however, enhances the overall performance by ensuring uniform application and consistent pollutant interaction.

[0132] Findings with respect to the Composition (their variations) and synergistic effects:

[0133] In contrast to the controls, the bio-paint compositions demonstrated synergistic effects:

[0134] • Combination 3 and 4, which included optimized combinations of plant extracts, soda lime, calcium carbonate, fumed silica, linseed oil, and diethanolamine, outperformed all controls in reducing pollutants.

[0135] • The combination of plant-based compounds with mineral absorbents and binders resulted in pollutant absorption of about 79% for CO2, 60% for CO, 82% for Formaldehyde and 75% for TVOCs, with particulate matter (0.3 micron upwards) transitioning from "unhealthy" to "moderate" within 90 minutes.

[0136] • The bio-paint formulations, in Combinations 3 and 4 offer both pollutant reduction efficiency and operational robustness across various temperatures, humidity fluctuations and exhibits good resistance to water.

[0137] • The Elemental and Proximate analysis of the organic bio-paint indicate that the organic bio-paint does not have any heavy metal contamination or any exorbitant biochemical parameter and therefore is environmentally safe as explained previously in the test section above.

[0138] For easy reference of the skilled addressee, provide below is a summary of Experimental Results for Bio-paint prepared with Plant extract derived from Spinacia oleracea L (Spinach leaves) and plant extract derived from Ficus religiosa (Peepal Leaves):

[0139] These findings validate that the synergistic combination of components in the bio-paint — plant extracts, mineral absorbents, and chemical binders — contributes to its superior pollutant-reducing performance. This testing not only underscores the uniqueness of the biopaint’s formulation but also establishes its efficacy over its individual components. ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0140] The disclosed plant-based bio-paint offers a significant economic advantage over existing commercial paints with similar functionalities. A comparative analysis of the cost of the paint of the present invention and other commercially available organic and carbon dioxide-absorbing paints is presented in Table below:

[0141] The results demonstrate that the present invention is not only cost- effective but also retains superior pollutant-reducing capabilities, making it an attractive alternative for both industrial and domestic applications. As shown in above Table, the cost of the paint disclosed in the present invention is INR 115 per liter, which is considerably lower than many other commercially available options, and also offers to reduce maximum airborne pollutants. For instance:

[0142] • Prakritik Paint (India), priced between INR 125 to 225 per liter, primarily uses cow dung as a base but does not offer comparable multifunctional pollutant-absorbing capabilities.

[0143] • Nilaya Naturals (India) and Dulux Aqua Tech (Australia) are priced at INR 500+ and INR 695 per liter, respectively, with limited air purification features.

[0144] • High-end paints such as Color House Paints and ECOS Paint (USA) are priced at approximately INR 1 ,000 per liter, with their focus limited to low VOC emissions rather than active carbon absorption.

[0145] • The Graphene Lime Paint, with prices ranging from INR 15,000 to INR 45,000 per liter, is marketed as a carbon dioxide-absorbing paint but is prohibitively expensive for widespread use.

[0146] The present invention offers a number of advantages, some of which are listed below:

[0147] 1. Reduction of Harmful Airborne Pollutants: The disclosed bio-paint demonstrates significant reduction capabilities for a variety of airborne pollutants, including Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Sulfur Oxides (SOx), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Particulate Matter (PM), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Experimental results show pollutant reductions of up to 80% for CO2, 60% for CO, and 82% for formaldehyde over 90 minutes with optimized compositions.

[0148] 2. Cost-Effectiveness: The bio- paint leverages sustainable and cost- effective ingredients, which are organic and readily available, to deliver superior pollutant absorption properties. At the said price, it is significantly more affordable than comparable commercial paints, making it an economically viable solution for widespread application. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable: The bio-paint composition is free of heavy metal contamination and relies on biodegradable, plant- derived ingredients, ensuring minimal environmental impact. The absence of hazardous chemicals and the use of natural binders align with the principles of sustainable development and contribute to climate change mitigation. Improvement in Air Quality and AQI: By reducing harmful pollutants, the bio-paint enhances both indoor and outdoor air quality. Application on surfaces such as buildings, road dividers, and infrastructure facilitates pollutant absorption, helping transition air quality from hazardous to moderate levels. For instance, particulate matter absorption improves AQI, particularly for particles ranging from 0.3 pm to 10 pm. Minimal VOC Emissions: The bio-paint contributes to reduced Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions, as demonstrated by TVOC reductions of up to 75% with optimized formulations, ensuring safer air for human health and the environment. Strong Adhesion and Durability: The paint exhibits excellent adhesion on glass and other surfaces, with no observable bacterial or fungal growth during 72-hour exposure to moisture. This ensures long-term application durability and weather resistance. Absence of Heavy Metals: Testing confirms that the bio-paint contains no heavy metals, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor use without environmental or health hazards. Reduction of Particulate Matter: The bio-paint effectively captures and absorbs harmful particulate matter, including fine particles (0.3 micron upwards), reducing pollution levels in highly contaminated areas. 9. Multifunctionality: In addition to pollutant reduction, the bio-paint contributes to temperature regulation, maintaining a stable microenvironment on coated surfaces. Its alkaline pH also aids pollutant interactions and stability. 0. Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The biopaint aligns with global sustainability goals by utilizing plant-based bio-waste, reducing greenhouse gases, improving AQI, and addressing climate change mitigation in an economically viable manner.

[0149] These advantages demonstrate the significant technical, environmental, and economic benefits of the disclosed bio-paint, positioning it as an innovative and sustainable alternative in the market.

[0150] Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and the accompanying drawings. The principles associated with the various embodiments described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown along with the accompanying drawings but is to be providing broadest scope consistent with the principles and the novel and inventive features disclosed or suggested herein. Accordingly, the invention is anticipated to hold on to all other such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A composition of organic bio-paint for carbon capture and reducing air pollutants, the composition comprising:40% to 60% (w / v) plant extract derived from 230 g to 260 g of plant materials selected from Spinacia oleracea L., or Ficus religiosa leaves or a combination thereof, wherein the plant extract form;5% to 12% (w / v) absorbent materials including soda lime and calcium carbonate, serving as a stabilizer and as a medium for interaction with airborne pollutants;5% to 8% (w / v) fumed silica as additives for enhancing adhesion, stability, and absorption capacity; and8% to 12% (w / v) melamine, and 18% to 22% (w / v) formaldehyde as chemical binders for structural integrity and paint durability;0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio with the soda lime; wherein the bio-paint is configured to facilitate interactions of absorbent materials with airborne pollutants selected from COX, NOX, SOX, particulate matter, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), thereby contributing to the reduction of airborne pollutant concentrations, and enhancing air quality.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plant extract is prepared by soaking leaves of plant material selected from Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach), or Ficus religiosa (peepal) separately for each plant leaf, in distilled water for 2 to 3 days, filtering the suspension, and heating the filtered extracts at 90 to 1 10°C to reduce their volume by half to obtain the plant extract.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is added at a concentration of 5 g per 100 mL of plant extract prior to heating, aiding in CO2absorption enhancement.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the chemical binders that are melamine and formaldehyde are combined in a ratio of 1 :2 by weight, ensuring chemical stability and improved binding properties.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , further comprises 1 -4% of natural binder oils, wherein the natural binders are selected from linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, or walnut oil, serving as binding and emulsifying agents.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 5, further comprising 3-7% diethanolamine (DEA) of the bio-paint composition.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising 3-7% diethanolamine (DEA).

8. A method for preparing an organic bio-paint as claimed in claim 1 , comprising the steps of: preparing (102) an absorbent mixture by mixing 4% (w / v) soda lime with 0.48 M hydrochloric acid in a 1 :1 volume ratio to obtain a homogeneous solution; preparing (104) a melamine-formaldehyde mixture by combining melamine and formaldehyde in a weight ratio of 1 :2; mixing (106) the absorbent mixture and the melamineformaldehyde mixture to form a homogeneous absorbent binder solution; adding (108) 5-8% fumed silica, 5-7% soda lime and 10-12%, calcium carbonate into the absorbent binder solution; adding (1 10) the plant extract to the absorbent binder mixture to achieve of the bio-paint base mixture, wherein the plant extracts form 40-60% of the bio-paint base mixture; and stirring (112) the bio-paint base mixture for 1 -2 hours to achieve a uniform consistency and obtain the plant-based bio-paint.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, comprising the steps of:adding 1 -4% natural binder oils, wherein the natural binder oils are selected from linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, or walnut oil, serving as binding and emulsifying agents; and adding 3-7% of diethanolamine (DEA) to enhance pollutant absorption and improve adhesion and stability.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pre-treatment of plant extracts, includes: rinsing 230g to 260g of plant material selected from leaves of Spinacia oleracea (spinach) or Ficus religiosa (peepal) or a combination thereof; soaking the plant material in 2 L of distilled water for 2 to 3 days; filtering the suspension to obtain plant extract; and concentrating the filtered extract by heating at 90°C to 110°C to reduce their volume by half with sodium bi carbonate.

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