Battery management device, battery management method, and vehicle

Abstract

This battery management device comprises: a memory; and a processor operatively connected to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to: determine an operating range of a battery pack on the basis of battery state variables; calculate degradation rate values of the battery state variables on the basis of an energy degradation parameter; measure usable battery energy (UBE) that can be supplied by the battery pack, on the basis of a standard test pattern; and estimate a state of certified energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing a value obtained by measuring the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

Description

Battery management device, battery management method and vehicle

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0151330, filed October 30, 2024, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0033417, filed March 8, 2024, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0187453, filed December 20, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Technology field

[0004] Embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery management device, a battery management method, and a vehicle.

[0005] Recently, active research and development has been conducted on secondary batteries. Here, secondary batteries are rechargeable and can be interpreted as encompassing both conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries, as well as recent lithium-ion batteries. Among these secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries can have a higher energy density than conventional Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries, and can be manufactured in a compact and lightweight form, making them highly versatile as power sources for mobile devices. For example, lithium-ion batteries have recently been recognized as a next-generation energy storage medium, with their applications expanding to include power sources for electric vehicles.

[0006] Embodiments disclosed in this document provide a battery management device, a battery management method, and a vehicle capable of estimating a State of Certified Energy (SOCE) value of a vehicle battery.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a battery management device includes a memory; and a processor operatively connected to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to determine an operating range of a battery pack based on battery state variables, calculate degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables based on an energy degradation parameter, measure usable battery energy (UBE) that can be supplied by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern, and estimate a State of Certified Energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing a measured value of the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the device further comprises a sensor configured to collect battery data from the battery pack, wherein the processor is configured to generate the battery condition variables based on the battery data.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the battery state variables include a state of charge (SOC), a state of health capacity (SOHC), and a state of health resistance (SOHR) of the battery pack, and the operating range includes a SOC operating range defined by a SOC upper limit and a SOC lower limit.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the energy degradation parameter includes a first degradation parameter relating to the rate at which a decrease in the state of capacity (SOHC) contributes to the energy degradation and a second degradation parameter relating to the rate at which an increase in the state of resistance (SOHR) contributes to the energy degradation.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables include a first degradation rate value relating to degradation of the state of capacity (SOHC) and a second degradation rate value relating to degradation of the state of resistance (SOHR).

[0012] According to one embodiment, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, and the processor is configured to determine a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, and measure the usable battery energy (UBE) based on a plurality of states of capacity (SOHCs), a plurality of states of resistance (SOHRs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of SOC operating ranges.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the processor is configured to calculate a SOC maximum value, an SOC minimum value, and an SOC average value based on the plurality of states of charge (SOCs), select an SOHC representative value and an SOHR representative value from the plurality of capacity states (SOHCs) and the plurality of resistance states (SOHRs), and measure the usable battery energy (UBE) based on the SOC maximum value, the SOC minimum value, the SOC average value, the SOHC representative value, and the SOHR representative value.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the processor is configured to calculate a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of capacity states (SOHCs), the plurality of resistance states (SOHRs) and the plurality of SOC operating ranges, and to calculate a pack UBE value of the battery pack based on energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack and the cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the processor is configured to calculate a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of a power system of a vehicle using the battery pack as a power source and the pack UBE value, and to estimate the certified state of energy (SOCE) by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the processor is configured to calculate a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells using at least one of an energy map and an equivalent circuit model.

[0017] According to one embodiment, a battery management method includes the steps of: determining an operating range of a battery pack based on battery state variables; calculating degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables based on an energy degradation parameter; measuring usable battery energy (UBE) that can be supplied by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern; and estimating a certified state of energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing a measured value of the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

[0018] According to some embodiments, the battery state variables include a state of charge (SOC), a state of capacity (SOHC), and a state of resistance (SOHR) of the battery pack, and the operating range includes a SOC operating range defined by a SOC upper limit and a SOC lower limit.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, and the step of measuring the UBE includes the steps of: determining a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells; and measuring the UBE based on a plurality of states of capacity (SOHCs), a plurality of states of resistance (SOHRs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of SOC operating ranges.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the step of measuring the UBE includes: calculating a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of state of capacity (SOHCs), the plurality of state of resistance (SOHRs), and the plurality of state of charge (SOC) operating ranges; and calculating a pack UBE value of the battery pack based on energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack and the cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

[0021] According to some embodiments, the step of estimating the SOCE includes the step of calculating a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of a power system of a vehicle using the battery pack as a power source and the pack UBE value; and the step of estimating the SOCE by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE.

[0022] According to one embodiment, a vehicle includes a battery pack; and a battery management device configured to determine an operating range of the battery pack based on battery state variables, calculate degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables based on energy degradation parameters, measure UBE supplyable by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern, and estimate a certified state of energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing the measured value of the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

[0023] According to some embodiments, the battery state variables include SOC, SOHC and SOHR of the battery pack, and the operating range includes a SOC operating range defined by a SOC upper limit and a SOC lower limit.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, and the battery management device is configured to determine a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, and measure the UBE based on a plurality of states of capacity (SOHCs), a plurality of states of resistance (SOHRs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of SOC operating ranges.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the battery management device is configured to calculate a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of capacity states (SOHCs), the plurality of resistance states (SOHRs) and the plurality of SOC operating ranges, and to calculate a pack UBE value of the battery pack based on energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack and the cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the battery management device is configured to calculate a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of a power system of a vehicle using the battery pack as a power source and the pack UBE value, and to estimate the SOCE by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE.

[0027] According to embodiments disclosed in this document, a battery management device, a battery management method, and a vehicle capable of estimating a certified state of energy (SOCE) value of a vehicle battery can be provided.

[0028] The technical effects according to the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of this document.

[0029] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to matters described in such drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 illustrates elements constituting a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates elements constituting a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates first logic and second logic for estimating energy durability according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 illustrates a process in which a second logic operates according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate each step of the second logic for estimating the state of certified energy (SOCE) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 8 illustrates a process of estimating a state of certified energy (SOCE) using representative values ​​according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 9 illustrates a WLTP performed to estimate a certified state of energy (SOCE) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 10 illustrates test cases for estimating the state of certified energy (SOCE) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 11 illustrates steps of a battery management method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments described in this document are described with reference to the attached drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the disclosure of this document to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives of the embodiments described in this document are included.

[0040] The embodiments and terminology used in this document are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to a specific embodiment, but should be understood to encompass various modifications, equivalents, or alternatives of the embodiment. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the item, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0041] In this document, the phrases "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can each include any one of the items listed together in that phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first", "second", "first", "second", "A", "B", "(a)", or "(b)" may be used merely to distinguish the corresponding component from other corresponding components, and do not limit the corresponding components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order) unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0042] In this document, when a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “connected,” with or without the terms “functionally” or “communicatively,” or “coupled” or “connected,” it means that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired or wirelessly), or indirectly (e.g., via a third component).

[0043] The methods according to various embodiments disclosed in this document may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a commodity between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) through an application store or directly between two driver devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or a relay server.

[0044] According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include one or more entities, and some of the entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, one or more components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components identically or similarly to those performed by the corresponding component among the plurality of components prior to the integration. According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, the operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0045] As the scope of use of secondary batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, expands to include automobiles, research is actively being conducted to manage and predict battery energy, including estimating the energy durability of secondary batteries.

[0046] Previously, pack-level constant current (CC) energy was used to estimate the energy durability of secondary batteries, but with the enactment of the GTR22 (Global Technical Regulation No. 22) international standard, the battery management system (BMS) of batteries for xEVs such as electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is required to estimate an energy durability value called the State of Certified Energy (SOCE). SOCE, defined according to the international standard, refers to the degree of durability degradation of the amount of energy that a battery can supply when the vehicle is driven according to the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), and the BMS must predict the decrease in the SOCE value. According to the international standard, the SOCE estimation logic must satisfy the error condition of less than 5%, and if this is not satisfied, it may be subject to a software (SW) recall, for example.

[0047] Meanwhile, conventional techniques limit battery endurance prediction to state of current capacity (SOHC) and state of resistance (SOHR), thus failing to meet revised international standards. Considering these circumstances, the present invention provides a new energy endurance estimation method that satisfies international standards.

[0048] Figure 1 illustrates elements constituting a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, a vehicle (100) may include a drive motor (110), a battery pack (120), and a battery management device (130). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some components may be omitted from the vehicle (100) or other general-purpose components may be further included in the vehicle (100).

[0050] The vehicle (100) can operate the drive motor (110) using the battery pack (120) as a power source. According to an embodiment, the vehicle (100) may be an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), an electric bike, etc. The vehicle (100) can operate the drive motor (110) based on the power of the battery pack (120), or charge the battery pack (120) with power generated through regenerative braking, which converts kinetic energy generated during vehicle braking into electrical energy to charge the battery.

[0051] The battery pack (120) can supply power to electronic devices of the vehicle (100), including the drive motor (110). The battery pack (120) can include a plurality of battery modules, and each battery module can include a plurality of battery cells. The battery pack (120) can include a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery, a nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) battery, a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (NVPF), etc.

[0052] The battery management device (130) can perform operations for diagnosing or managing the battery pack (120). The battery management device (130) can measure battery data from the battery pack (120) and diagnose or manage the status of the battery pack (120) based on the measured battery data.

[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates elements constituting a battery management device (130) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 2, the battery management device (130) may include a sensor (131) and a controller (132). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some components may be omitted from the battery management device (130), or other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery management device (130).

[0055] According to an embodiment, the sensor (131) and the controller (132) in the battery management device (130) may be electrically connected to each other through a device-to-device communication method. The device-to-device communication method may include a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), etc.

[0056] The sensor (131) may be configured to generate various battery measurement values ​​from the battery (120) to be diagnosed. For this purpose, the sensor (131) may include measurement means such as a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor. According to an embodiment, the sensor (131) in the battery management device (130) may be replaced with an interface configured to acquire battery data of the battery (120). The interface may include a communication unit configured to receive battery data measured by an external sensor and / or a sensor unit configured to directly measure battery data. According to an embodiment, when the battery management device (130) is configured in an on-board manner, the battery management device (130) may be implemented in the form of a battery management system (BMS) or the like mounted together with the battery (120), and the interface of the battery management device (130) may include a sensor unit configured to directly measure battery data. When the battery management device (130) is configured in an off-board manner, the battery management device (130) may be implemented in the form of an external device that operates remotely from the battery (120), and the external device may include a charger of a battery charging station, a battery diagnostic device, a cloud computing server, etc. In the off-board manner, the interface of the battery management device (130) may include a communication unit configured to receive battery data measured by an external sensor. The communication unit may receive the battery data in a wired data communication, wireless data communication, or the like.

[0057] The controller (132) may include a memory (1321) and a processor (1322). The memory (1321) may store data, instructions, software, mobile applications, computer programs, etc. The processor (1322) may execute instructions stored in the memory (1321) to process various operations. The memory (1321) may include at least one of non-volatile memory such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, PRAM, MRAM, RRAM, FRAM, etc., volatile memory such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, PRAM, etc., or memory devices such as HDD, SSD, SD, Micro-SD, etc. The processor (1322) may include at least one of a microprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, and an AP.

[0058] The processor (1322) may be configured to determine an operating range of the battery pack (120) based on battery state variables by executing instructions stored in the memory (1321). The battery state variables may include a cell state of charge (SOC), a cell state of capacity (SOHC), a cell state of resistance (SOHR), etc. of the battery pack (120). The operating range of the battery pack (120) may include an SOC operating range, and the SOC operating range may be defined by an SOC upper limit value and an SOC lower limit value.

[0059] The processor (1322) may be configured to calculate degradation rate values ​​of battery state variables based on energy degradation parameters by executing instructions stored in the memory (1321). The energy degradation parameters (α1, α2) may be defined to represent the rate at which variations in SOHC and SOHR affect the energy degradation of the battery pack (120). Based on these, degradation rate values ​​(ΔSOHC, ΔSOHR) of the battery state variables may be calculated.

[0060] The processor (1322) may be configured to measure usable battery energy (UBE) that can be supplied by the battery pack (120) based on a standard test pattern by executing instructions stored in the memory (1321). For example, the standard test pattern may include a worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP) pattern. While the vehicle (100) is driven in the WLTP pattern, a UBE value of each cell of the battery pack (120) may be calculated, and based on these, a pack UBE value and a vehicle UBE value may be measured. The UBE (usable battery energy) value may refer to energy that can be supplied by the battery pack (120) until the vehicle (100) is driven in the WLTP pattern and reaches a termination condition after the battery pack (120) is fully charged.

[0061] The processor (1322) may be configured to estimate the certified state of energy (SOCE) of the battery pack (120) by comparing the measured value of UBE with a reference value of UBE by executing instructions stored in the memory (1321). For example, a measured vehicle UBE value for the vehicle (100) may be compared with a UBE reference value of the vehicle (100), and a rate of decrease in the UBE value may become the certified state of energy (SOCE). The UBE reference value may be a certified value provided by a manufacturer of the vehicle (100).

[0062] According to an embodiment, the battery management device (130) may further include a sensor (131) configured to collect battery data from the battery pack (120), and the processor (1322) may be configured to generate battery condition variables based on the battery data. The battery data may include temperature data and voltage data, and the sensor (131) may periodically measure the temperature and voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack (120). Battery condition variables such as SOC, SOHC, and SOHR may be generated based on the temperature and voltage of each battery cell.

[0063] According to an embodiment, the battery state variables may include SOC, SOHC and SOHR of the battery pack (120), and the operating range may include an SOC operating range defined by an SOC upper limit and an SOC lower limit. SOC upper limit (SOC start ) and SOC lower limit (SOC end ) may indicate the range in which each battery cell of the battery pack (120) is actually operated.

[0064] According to an embodiment, the energy degradation parameter may include a first degradation parameter relating to a rate at which a decrease in SOHC contributes to energy degradation and a second degradation parameter relating to a rate at which an increase in SOHR contributes to energy degradation. The first degradation parameter (α1) and the second degradation parameter (α2) may be values ​​newly designed to estimate the SOCE value using the battery management device (130). The degradation rate values ​​(ΔSOHC, ΔSOHR) may be determined by the first degradation parameter (α1) and the second degradation parameter (α2).

[0065] According to an embodiment, the degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables may include a first degradation rate value for degradation of the state of charge (SOHC) and a second degradation rate value for degradation of the SOHR. The first degradation rate value (ΔSOHC) of each battery cell of the battery pack (120) may represent a rate at which the SOHC degrades according to a first degradation parameter (α1), and the second degradation rate value (ΔSOHR) of each battery cell may represent a rate at which the SOHR degrades according to a second degradation parameter (α2).

[0066] According to an embodiment, the battery pack (120) may include a plurality of battery cells, and the processor (1322) may be configured to determine a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, and measure a usable battery energy (UBE) based on a plurality of states of charge (SOHCs), a plurality of states of resistance (SOHRs) and a plurality of SOC operating ranges corresponding to the plurality of battery cells. For each of the plurality of battery cells, a SOC value, a SOHC value, and a SOHR value may be calculated, and a cell UBE value of each battery cell may be determined based on these. A pack UBE value of the battery pack (120) may be determined based on the cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

[0067] According to an embodiment, the processor (1322) may be configured to calculate a SOC maximum value, a SOC minimum value, and a SOC average value based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs), select a SOHC representative value and a SOHR representative value from a plurality of capacity states (SOHCs) and a plurality of resistance states (SOHRs), and measure a UBE based on the SOC maximum value, the SOC minimum value, the SOC average value, the SOHC representative value, and the SOHR representative value. Instead of calculating n UBE values ​​for all n battery cells, a single cell UBE value may be calculated using representative values ​​of SOX values. The SOHC representative value may be an average, a quartile, a median, etc. of the n SOHC values, and the SOHR representative value may be an average, a quartile, a median, etc. of the n SOHR values.

[0068] According to an embodiment, the processor (1322) may be configured to calculate a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of state of charge (SOHCs), a plurality of state of resistance (SOHRs), and a plurality of SOC operating ranges, and to calculate a pack UBE value of the battery pack (120) based on the energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack (120) and the cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells. Based on n cell UBE values ​​for n battery cells, a pack UBE value reflecting energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack (120) may be calculated.

[0069] According to an embodiment, the processor (1322) may be configured to calculate a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of the power system of a vehicle (100) using the battery pack (120) as a power source and the pack UBE value, and to estimate the SOCE by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE. As the power train of the vehicle (100) and the electric vehicle (EV) platform are designed to be highly efficient, the energy efficiency of the power system may come closer to 1. The reference value of the UBE may represent the initial performance of the vehicle (100), and the SOCE value may represent how much the initial performance has deteriorated.

[0070] According to an embodiment, the processor (1322) may be configured to calculate a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells using at least one of an energy map and an equivalent circuit model. The cell UBE value may be calculated based on a SOC operating range (SOC lower limit to SOC upper limit), a first degradation rate value (ΔSOHC), and a second degradation rate value (ΔSOHC) of each battery cell. For this purpose, an energy map (Emap) method and / or an equivalent circuit model (ECM) method may be utilized. For example, a weighted average for both methods may be utilized, and weight values ​​may be determined according to factors such as the type of vehicle (100), the type of battery pack (120), and season / weather information.

[0071] FIG. 3 illustrates first logic and second logic for estimating energy durability according to one embodiment.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 3, the first logic (310) for estimating energy endurance can estimate constant current (CC) energy at the pack level based on SOC, SOHC, SOHR, and temperature, and the second logic (320) for estimating energy endurance can estimate the SOCE value based on the same input values. The first logic (310) can correspond to existing logic for estimating energy endurance, and the second logic (320) can correspond to new logic for estimating energy endurance.

[0073] The first logic (310) may use the constant current (CC) energy of the pack level as an indicator for estimating energy durability. On the other hand, the second logic (320) may use the SOCE value as an indicator. The SOCE value may be an indicator for evaluating the energy durability of a vehicle battery newly introduced in accordance with the establishment of the GTR 22 international standard. According to an embodiment, instructions for implementing the second logic (320) may be stored in the memory (1321), and the processor (1322) may execute the instructions for implementing the second logic (320) to estimate energy durability.

[0074] Figure 4 illustrates a process in which the second logic operates according to some embodiments.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 4, the second logic (320) may include a first step (321) for calculating an actual SOC operating range, a second step (322) for calculating a SOHC / SOHR aging ratio, a third step (323) for calculating a cell UBE, a fourth step (324) for calculating a pack UBE, a fifth step for calculating a vehicle UBE, and a sixth step (326) for calculating a SOCE.

[0076] In order to calculate the cell UBE of each battery cell of the battery pack (120) in the third step (323), the first step (321) and the second step (322) may be performed. The calculation of the usable battery energy (UBE) may include the third step (323) for each cell, the fourth step (324) for each pack, and the fifth step (325) for each vehicle. Finally, as the SOCE is calculated in the sixth step (326), an energy endurance value for xEVs that complies with the GTR22 international standard can be estimated.

[0077] Figures 5 to 7 illustrate each step of the second logic for estimating SOCE according to some embodiments.

[0078] In Fig. 5, a calculation method of a first step (321) for calculating an actual SOC operating range according to one embodiment and a second step (322) for calculating a SOHC / SOHR aging ratio are illustrated.

[0079] In the first step (321), the cell SOC values ​​(SOC) of n battery cells of the battery pack (120) cells ) and cell SOHC values ​​(SOHC cells ) can be entered. Cell SOC values ​​(SOC cells ) and cell SOHC values ​​(SOHC cells ) can be calculated by battery data including voltage, current, temperature, etc. by the battery management device (130).

[0080] In the first step (321), the first relational expression (510) to the third relational expression (530) are based on the high values ​​of SOC and DOD (depth of discharge) to determine the upper limit of SOC (SOC start ) can be calculated, and the fourth relational expression (540) to the sixth relational expression (560) are based on the low values ​​of SOC and DOD to calculate the SOC lower limit (SOC end ) can be calculated. In the first step (321), Q may mean the reference current capacity of the fresh cell.

[0081] In the second step (322), the cell SOHC values ​​(SOHC) of n battery cells cells ) and cell SOHR values ​​(SOHR cells ) can be entered. Cell SOHR values ​​(SOHR cells ) can be calculated by battery data including voltage, current, temperature, etc. by the battery management device (130).

[0082] In the second step (322), the seventh relational expression (570) can calculate the first degradation rate value (ΔSOHC) based on the first degradation parameter (α1) regarding the rate at which a decrease in SOHC is involved in the energy degradation of the battery pack (120), and the eighth relational expression (580) can calculate the second degradation rate value (ΔSOHR) based on the second degradation parameter (α2) regarding the rate at which an increase in SOHR is involved in the energy degradation of the battery pack (120). The first degradation parameter (α1) and the second degradation parameter (α2) may be parameters that were not present in the first logic (310) and are newly designed in the second logic (320).

[0083] In Fig. 6, a detailed calculation method of the third step (323) for calculating cell UBE according to one embodiment is illustrated.

[0084] In the third step (323) to calculate the cell UBE value, the SOC upper limit (SOC) calculated in the first step (321) is start ) and SOC lower limit (SOC end ), the first degradation rate value (ΔSOHC) and the second degradation rate value (ΔSOHR) calculated in the second step (322), and the cell temperature values ​​(temp) measured by the sensor (131) cells ) can be input. The cell UBE value can be calculated by the energy map (Emap) method (610) and / or the equivalent circuit model (ECM) method (620).

[0085] The Emap method (610) can be performed based on an energy map (Emap) that defines the mapping relationship between SOC values ​​and temperature values. The ECM method (620) can calculate the cell UBE value by obtaining the equivalent circuit of each battery cell and integrating the open circuit voltage (OCV) over the SOC operating range. In the relationship of the ECM method (620) of FIG. 6, γ can mean battery energy efficiency when driving in a WLTP pattern, and I wltp When driving in the WLTP pattern, it can mean the root mean squared error (RMSE) value of the entire section current, and R cell can mean the internal resistance of each battery cell.

[0086] In Fig. 7, detailed calculation methods of the fourth step (324) for calculating the pack UBE, the fifth step (325) for calculating the vehicle UBE, and the sixth step (326) for calculating the SOCE according to one embodiment are illustrated.

[0087] In the fourth step (324) of Fig. 7, the pack UBE value (UBE pack ), the cell UBE values ​​(UBE) calculated in the third step (323) of Fig. 6 are cells ) can be entered. Cell UBE values ​​(UBE cells ) by subtracting the term modeling the loss due to the self-resistance of the battery pack (120) from the total of the pack UBE value (UBE pack ) can be calculated. In the relationship of the fourth step (324) of Fig. 7, γ can mean battery energy efficiency when driving in the WLTP pattern, and I wltp can mean the RMSE value of the entire section current when driving in the WLTP pattern, and R pack may refer to the self-resistance of the battery pack (120). The self-resistance of the battery pack (120) may include resistance due to pack elements such as bus bars.

[0088] In the fifth step (325) of Fig. 7, the vehicle UBE value (UBE vehicle ), the pack UBE value (UBE) calculated in step 4 (324) is used to calculate pack ) can be entered. Vehicle UBE value (UBE vehicle ) can be calculated by considering the energy efficiency of the power system of the vehicle (100). δ can mean the energy efficiency of the powertrain of the vehicle (100) when driving in a WLTC pattern.

[0089] In order to calculate the SOCE value in the 6th step (326) of Fig. 7, the vehicle UBE value (UBE) calculated in the 5th step (325) vehicle ) can be entered. The SOCE value is the vehicle UBE value (UBE vehicle ) is the certified UBE value (UBE) of the vehicle (100) certified ) can be divided by the authentication UBE value (UBE certified ) may be a reference value provided by the manufacturer of the vehicle (100).

[0090] Figure 8 illustrates a process for estimating SOCE using representative values ​​according to one embodiment.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 8, the battery management device (130) may include steps 1 (810) to 4 (840) in a process of estimating SOCE using representative values ​​without calculating SOX of all cells. Steps 1 (810) to 4 (840) may replace steps 1 (321) to 4 (324) of FIGS. 4 to 7, or may be performed in parallel therewith.

[0092] In the first step (810), n SOC values ​​(SOC cells ) is entered, the minimum SOC (SOC min ), SOC maximum value (SOC max ), SOC average value (SOC avg) can be entered. Alternatively, other representative values ​​such as quartile values ​​or medians can be used. SOC minimum value (SOC min ), SOC maximum value (SOC max ), SOC average value (SOC avg ) is n SOC values ​​(SOC cells ) can be derived based on. Here, the parameters (β1) and (β2) can represent the rate at which the SOC imbalance of n battery cells of the battery pack (120) increases or decreases the average SOC at full charge and the average SOC at full discharge. In the first step (810), the SOC upper limit (SOC start ) and SOC lower limit (SOC end ) can be calculated.

[0093] In the second step (820), n SOHC values ​​for n battery cells (SOHC cells ) and n SOHR values ​​(SOHR cells ), the SOHC representative value and the SOHR representative value can be used. The SOHC representative value and the SOHR representative value can be the mean, median, quartile values, etc. In the second step (820), the first degradation rate value (ΔSOHC) and the second degradation rate value (ΔSOHR) can be calculated.

[0094] In the third step (830), n temperature values ​​(temp) for n battery cells cells ) can be used instead of the representative temperature value. For example, the representative temperature value can be 25℃, and can be changed to another appropriate value. The representative temperature value of 25℃ can be used in both the Emap method and the ECM method. In the third step (830), the cell UBE value (UBE cell ) is calculated.

[0095] In step 4 (840), n cell UBE values ​​(UBE) for n battery cells cells) instead of adding all the cell UBE values ​​(UBE) calculated in step 3 (830) cell ) can be simply multiplied by the number of cells n. In the fourth step (840), the packed UBE value (UBE pack ) can be calculated.

[0096] The subsequent steps proceed similarly to the fifth step (325) and sixth step (326) of Fig. 7 to obtain the vehicle UBE value (UBE vehicle ) and calculate the SOCE value for GTR22 based on this. In this way, the computational efficiency can be increased through the representative value calculation method shown in Fig. 8.

[0097] FIG. 9 illustrates a WLTP performed to estimate a certified state of energy (SOCE) according to one embodiment.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 9, a graph (900) representing a WLTP driving test performed to estimate a certified state of energy (SOCE) may be illustrated.

[0099] In one embodiment, the graph (900) may represent a test for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). In the graph (900), the horizontal axis may represent time, and the vertical axis may represent the SOC of a rechargeable energy storage system (REESS).

[0100] In the graph (900), charging can be performed through a preconditioning process, and charging can be completed at a first time point (t1) indicated by a vertical arrow. At the first time point (t1), the battery management device (130) can estimate the SOCE, which is the value of the SOCE. read can be recorded as

[0101] After the first time point (t1) has elapsed, the vehicle (100) may drive according to the WLTP pattern during the first section (p1). As driving progresses, the battery pack (120) may discharge, and the SOC may decrease. The first section (p1) may include an all-electric range, which may refer to a section until the first start-up of the internal combustion engine (ICE). The first section (p1) may include an equivalent all-electric range.

[0102] The first section (p1) may include the point of complete discharge and the end point of the complete discharge cycle, and based on these, the charge depletion range (R CDA ) and charge depletion cycle range (R CDC ) can be determined. Based on the energy supplied by the battery pack (120) in the first section (p1), the actual UBE value (UBE measured ) can be calculated. The actual UBE value (UBE measured ) and the authentication UBE value (UBE certified ) as a ratio of SOCE value (SOCE measured ) can be calculated. The accuracy of the SOCE estimation logic is determined by the actual SOCE value (SOCE measured ) and the reference SOCE value (SOCE read ) can be calculated as the difference / ratio, and if the difference exceeds the standard value, it may be subject to SW recall.

[0103] Figure 10 illustrates test cases for estimating SOCE according to some embodiments.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 10, a table (1010) and graph (1020) illustrating test cases for estimating SOCE can be illustrated.

[0105] Table (1010) can represent three test cases. Case 1 is a new battery pack and low SOC imbalance (SOC max - SOC min = 2.3%) can be addressed. Case 2 is a new battery pack and high SOC imbalance (SOC max - SOC min = 7.3%) can be responded to.

[0106] Case 3 can correspond to an aged battery pack and a low SOHC value (SOHC = 91.2%). Graph (1020) can represent the measured vehicle driving power and battery pack SOC for Case 3. The driving power measured while the vehicle is driven according to the WLTP pattern can be depicted, and the test results can confirm that the battery pack SOC converged to the termination condition.

[0107] Table (1010) may represent the results of test cases. The UBE error for Case 1 may be -0.3%, and the UBE error for Case 2 may be -0.7%. This confirms that the lower the SOC imbalance, the lower the UBE error. Case 3, which corresponds to a low SOHC value, may exhibit a relatively high UBE error (-1.3%).

[0108] FIG. 11 illustrates steps of a battery management method according to some embodiments.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 11, the battery management method (1100) may include steps (1110) to (1140). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some steps may be omitted or other general steps may be added, and the steps of the battery management method (1100) may be executed in a different order than the illustrated order.

[0110] The battery management method (1100) may be composed of steps that are processed in a time-series manner in the battery management device (130). Therefore, even if the content is omitted below, the content described above for the battery management device (130) may be equally applied to the battery management method (1100).

[0111] Steps (1110) to (1140) of the battery management method (1100) can be performed by the sensor (131) and controller (132) of the battery management device (130).

[0112] In step (1100), the battery management device (130) may perform a step of determining an operating range of the battery pack based on battery status variables.

[0113] In step (1120), the battery management device (130) may perform a step of calculating degradation rate values ​​of battery state variables based on energy degradation parameters.

[0114] In step (1130), the battery management device (130) may perform a step of measuring UBE that can be supplied by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern.

[0115] In step (1140), the battery management device (130) may perform a step of estimating the SOCE of the battery pack by comparing the measured value of UBE with a reference value of UBE.

[0116] According to an embodiment, the battery management method (1100) may be implemented in the form of a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium. That is, the computer program may include instructions for implementing the battery management method (1100), and the program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium. The computer program may include a mobile application.

[0117] According to an embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floptical disks, and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute computer program instructions such as ROMs, RAMs, flash memories, and the like. The computer program instructions may include machine language codes generated by a compiler and high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0118] The terms "include," "comprise," or "have" used herein, unless otherwise specifically stated, imply that the corresponding component may be included, and therefore should be interpreted to include other components rather than to exclude other components. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain, unless otherwise defined. Commonly used terms, such as terms defined in dictionaries, should be interpreted to be consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined in this document.

[0119] The above description is merely an illustrative description of the technical idea disclosed in this document, and those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain may make various modifications and variations without departing from the essential characteristics of the embodiments disclosed in this document. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in this document are not intended to limit the technical idea of ​​the embodiments disclosed in this document, but to explain it, and the scope of the technical idea disclosed in this document is not limited by these embodiments. The protection scope of the technical idea disclosed in this document should be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical ideas within a scope equivalent thereto should be interpreted as being included in the scope of rights of this document.

Claims

1. Memory; and comprising a processor operatively connected to said memory; The above processor, Determine the operating range of the battery pack based on battery condition variables, Calculate the degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables based on the energy degradation parameters, Measure the available battery energy (UBE) supplied by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern, A battery management device configured to estimate a certified state of energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing the measured value of the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

2. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a sensor configured to collect battery data from the battery pack; A battery management device, wherein the processor is configured to generate the battery status variables based on the battery data.

3. In paragraph 1, The above battery condition variables include the state of charge (SOC), state of capacity (SOHC), and state of resistance (SOHR) of the battery pack, A battery management device, wherein the above operating range includes a SOC operating range defined by a SOC upper limit and a SOC lower limit.

4. In paragraph 3, A battery management device, wherein the energy degradation parameters include a first degradation parameter relating to a rate at which a decrease in a state of capacity (SOHC) is involved in energy degradation and a second degradation parameter relating to a rate at which an increase in a state of resistance (SOHR) is involved in energy degradation.

5. In paragraph 4, A battery management device, wherein the degradation rate values ​​of the above battery state variables include a first degradation rate value regarding degradation of a state of capacity (SOHC) and a second degradation rate value regarding degradation of a state of resistance (SOHR).

6. In paragraph 3, The above battery pack comprises a plurality of battery cells, The processor determines a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, A battery management device configured to measure the available battery energy (UBE) based on a plurality of state of capacity (SOHCs), a plurality of state of resistance (SOHRs) and a plurality of SOC operating ranges corresponding to the plurality of battery cells.

7. In paragraph 6, The processor calculates a SOC maximum value, a SOC minimum value, and a SOC average value based on the plurality of states of charge (SOCs), Selecting the SOHC representative value and the SOHR representative value from the above plurality of capacity states (SOHCs) and the above plurality of resistance states (SOHRs), A battery management device configured to measure the available battery energy (UBE) based on the SOC maximum value, the SOC minimum value, the SOC average value, the SOHC representative value and the SOHR representative value.

8. In paragraph 6, The processor calculates a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of capacity states (SOHCs), the plurality of resistance states (SOHRs) and the plurality of SOC operating ranges, A battery management device configured to calculate a pack UBE value of the battery pack based on energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack and cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

9. In paragraph 8, The above processor calculates a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of the power system of the vehicle using the battery pack as a power source and the pack UBE value, A battery management device configured to estimate the certified state of energy (SOCE) by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE.

10. In paragraph 8, A battery management device, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells using at least one of an energy map and an equivalent circuit model.

11. A step of determining the operating range of the battery pack based on battery condition variables; A step of calculating degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables based on energy degradation parameters; A step of measuring the available battery energy (UBE) supplied by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern; and A battery management method, comprising a step of estimating a certified state of energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing the measured value of the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

12. In paragraph 11, The above battery condition variables include the state of charge (SOC), state of capacity (SOHC), and state of resistance (SOHR) of the battery pack, A battery management method, wherein the above operating range includes a SOC operating range defined by a SOC upper limit and a SOC lower limit.

13. In paragraph 12, The above battery pack comprises a plurality of battery cells, The step of measuring the above available battery energy (UBE) is: A step of determining a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells; and A battery management method, comprising the step of measuring the available battery energy (UBE) based on a plurality of state of capacity (SOHCs), a plurality of state of resistance (SOHRs) and a plurality of SOC operating ranges corresponding to the plurality of battery cells.

14. In paragraph 13, The step of measuring the above available battery energy (UBE) is: A step of calculating a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of capacity states (SOHCs), the plurality of resistance states (SOHRs) and the plurality of SOC operating ranges; and A battery management method, comprising the step of calculating a pack UBE value of the battery pack based on energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack and cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

15. In paragraph 14, The step of estimating the above-mentioned state of energy (SOCE) is: A step of calculating a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of the power system of a vehicle using the battery pack as a power source and the pack UBE value; and A battery management method, comprising a step of estimating the state of certified energy (SOCE) by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE.

16. Battery pack; and A vehicle including a battery management device configured to determine an operating range of a battery pack based on battery state variables, calculate degradation rate values ​​of the battery state variables based on energy degradation parameters, measure usable battery energy (UBE) supplied by the battery pack based on a standard test pattern, and estimate a certified state of energy (SOCE) of the battery pack by comparing a measured value of the UBE with a reference value of the UBE.

17. In paragraph 16, The above battery condition variables include the state of charge (SOC), state of capacity (SOHC), and state of resistance (SOHR) of the battery pack, The above operating range is a vehicle including a SOC operating range defined by a SOC upper limit and a SOC lower limit.

18. In paragraph 17, The above battery pack comprises a plurality of battery cells, The battery management device determines a plurality of SOC operating ranges based on a plurality of states of charge (SOCs) corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, A vehicle configured to measure the available battery energy (UBE) based on a plurality of state of capacity (SOHCs), a plurality of state of resistance (SOHRs) and a plurality of SOC operating ranges corresponding to the plurality of battery cells.

19. In paragraph 18, The battery management device calculates a cell UBE value of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of capacity states (SOHCs), the plurality of resistance states (SOHRs) and the plurality of SOC operating ranges, A vehicle configured to calculate a pack UBE value of the battery pack based on energy loss due to internal resistance of the battery pack and cell UBE values ​​of the plurality of battery cells.

20. In paragraph 19, The battery management device calculates a vehicle UBE value based on the energy efficiency of the power system of a vehicle using the battery pack as a power source and the pack UBE value, A vehicle configured to estimate the state of certified energy (SOCE) by comparing the vehicle UBE value with a reference value of the UBE.

Images